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Thirugnanam S, Wang C, Zheng C, Grasperge BF, Datta PK, Rappaport J, Qin X, Rout N. High IL-1β and IL-18 Levels Associate with Gut Barrier Disruption and Monocyte Activation During Chronic SIV Infection with Long-Term Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599106. [PMID: 38948748 PMCID: PMC11212932 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
HIV-induced persistent immune activation is a key mediator of inflammatory comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and neurocognitive disorders. While a preponderance of data indicate that gut barrier disruption and microbial translocation are drivers of chronic immune activation, the molecular mechanisms of this persistent inflammatory state remain poorly understood. Here, utilizing the nonhuman primate model of HIV infection with suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART), we investigated activation of inflammasome pathways and their association with intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and CVD pathogenesis. Longitudinal blood samples obtained from rhesus macaques with chronic SIV infection and long-term suppressive ART were evaluated for biomarkers of intestinal epithelial barrier disruption (IEBD), inflammasome activation (IL-1β and IL-18), inflammatory cytokines, and triglyceride (TG) levels. Activated monocyte subpopulations and glycolytic potential were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Higher plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-18 were observed following the hallmark increase in IEBD biomarkers, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP) and LPS-binding protein (LBP), during the chronic phase of treated SIV infection. Further, significant correlations of plasma IFABP levels with IL-1β and IL-18 were observed between 10-12 months of ART. Higher levels of sCD14, IL-6, and GM-CSF, among other inflammatory mediators, were also observed only during the long-term SIV+ART phase along with a trend of increase in frequencies of activated CD14 + CD16 + intermediate monocyte subpopulations. Lastly, we found elevated levels of blood TG and higher glycolytic capacity in PBMCs of chronic SIV-infected macaques with long-term ART. The increase in circulating IL-18 and IL-1β following IEBD and their significant positive correlation with IFABP suggest a connection between gut barrier disruption and inflammasome activation during chronic SIV infection, despite viral suppression with ART. Additionally, the increase in markers of monocyte activation, along with elevated TG and enhanced glycolytic pathway activity, indicates metabolic remodeling that could accelerate CVD pathogenesis. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms by which gut dysfunction and inflammasome activation contribute to HIV-associated CVD and metabolic complications, enabling targeted interventions in people with HIV.
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Yu X, Qiang W, Gong K, Cao Y, Yan S, Gao G, Tao F, Zhu B. No role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in the association of gestational diabetes mellitus with postpartum cardiometabolic indicators. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:361. [PMID: 38750471 PMCID: PMC11095010 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on postpartum cardiometabolic indicators is primarily restricted to glucose and lipid metabolism, however the indicators for liver and kidney function have been rarely explored, and the role of the third-trimester inflammatory factors in these associations has never been investigated. METHODS Based on the Ma'anshan birth cohort (MABC), women with or without GDM history were selected and invited to participate in a 6-year postpartum follow-up. The fasting blood samples were collected to measure 16 comprehensive metabolic indicators during a 6-year postpartum follow-up: fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR), etc. Seven inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-17 A, were measured with serum samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. Linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between GDM and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators, GDM and third-trimester inflammatory factors, and the third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators. Mediating and moderating effect analyses were further performed to explore if the third-trimester inflammatory factors mediate or modify the association between GDM and postpartum cardiometabolic indicators. RESULTS From July 2021 to August 2022, 307 participants have been followed up, with 99 women with a prior GDM history. Compared with those without GDM, individuals with a prior history of GDM had significantly elevated levels of FPG (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.62, PFDR < 0.001), HbA1c (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.34, PFDR = 0.009), TyG (β = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.37, PFDR = 0.024) at 6 years postpartum, and the association between GDM and SCR (β = 2.43, 95% CI: 0.02 to 4.85, PFDR = 0.144) reached nominal significance level. GDM history was associated with a decreased level of third-trimester IL-17 A (β = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.99 to -0.18, PFDR = 0.035). No significant association between third-trimester inflammatory factors and 6-year postpartum metabolic indicators was observed. And no mediating or moderating effect of third-trimester inflammatory factors was observed in those associations. CONCLUSION A prior history of GDM was significantly associated with elevated FPG, HbA1c, and TyG in women at 6 years postpartum, whereas third-trimester inflammatory factors had no role in mediating or moderating these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wenjing Qiang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Kexin Gong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yidan Cao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, 243011, China
| | - Guopeng Gao
- Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Healthcare (MCH) Center, Ma'anshan, 243011, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health across the Life Course, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Jiang X, Lei Y, Yin Y, Ma F, Zheng M, Liu G. Fisetin Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-Related Oxidative Stress in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. Pharmacology 2024; 109:169-179. [PMID: 38583431 DOI: 10.1159/000538535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fisetin has been demonstrated to inhibit the occurrence of atherosclerosis; however, the mechanism of fisetin suppressing atherosclerosis remains elusive. METHODS The function of fisetin in the inhibition of atherosclerosis was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining in ApoE-/- mice. Molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis progression were detected by Western blot and qPCR. Moreover, the inhibition of atherosclerosis on oxidative stress and ferroptosis was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and Western blot assays. RESULTS The obtained results showed that serum lipid was attenuated and consequentially the formation of atherosclerosis was also suppressed by fisetin in ApoE-/- mice. Exploration of the mechanism revealed that molecular biomarkers of atherosclerosis were decreased under fisetin treatment. The level of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde declined, while the activity of superoxide dismutases and glutathione peroxidase was increased under the fisetin treatment. Additionally, the suppressor of ferroptosis, glutathione peroxidase 4 proteins, was elevated. The ferritin was decreased in the aortic tissues treated with fisetin. CONCLUSIONS In summary, fisetin attenuated the formation of atherosclerosis through the inhibition of oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the aortic tissues of ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Jiang
- Department of Medical Affairs, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanling Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yajuan Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingqi Zheng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury Repair Mechanism Study, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Heart and Metabolism, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medical Clinical Application, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei International Joint Research Center for Structural Heart Disease, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lan Y, Shang J, Ma Y, Zhen Y, Dang Y, Ren D, Liu T, Ju R, Guo N, Wang X, Hou Y. A new predictor of coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients: pericarotid fat density. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:1667-1676. [PMID: 37672057 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10046-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aims to evaluate the incremental predictive value of pericarotid fat density (PFD) on head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) (≥ 50% stenosis) relative to a clinical risk model (Framingham risk score (FRS)) and the degree of carotid artery stenosis and plaque type in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients without a known history of CAD. METHODS In a cohort of 134 consecutive stable patients diagnosed with AIS or TIA undergoing head and neck CTA between January 2010 and December 2021, pericarotid adipose tissue density (PFD) was quantified using a dedicated software. We collected demographic and clinical data, assessed the risk of CAD using the FRS, and analyzed coronary and carotid artery CTA images. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between FRS, PFD, CTA variables, and obstructive CAD risk. Four prediction models were established to evaluate the incremental predictive value of PFD relative to FRS, stenosis degree, and plaque types. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were compared. RESULTS Increasing FRS, stenosis degree, and PFD values were positively correlated with obstructive CAD (all p < 0.05). In the predictive models for obstructive CAD, the model incorporating carotid stenosis exhibited superior predictive performance compared to FRS alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, the predictive model integrating PFD demonstrated enhanced performance and yielded the highest AUC of the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC = 0.783), with sensitivity and specificity values of 86.89% and 65.75%, respectively. CONCLUSION CTA-derived PFD measurements offer supplementary predictive value for obstructive CAD beyond FRS and stenosis, thereby facilitating improved risk stratification of TIA or stroke patients without a history of CAD history. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT CTA-derived PFD provides incremental predictive value for obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients without CAD history, beyond Framingham risk score and carotid artery stenosis degree, improving risk stratification. KEY POINTS • Pericarotid fat density is associated with obstructive coronary artery disease in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients. • Higher pericarotid fat density corresponds to an increased risk of obstructive coronary artery disease. • Estimation of pericarotid fat density using computed tomography angiography imparts additional predictive value for obstructive CAD in risk stratification of acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Shang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanhua Zhen
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuxue Dang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dongqing Ren
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ronghui Ju
- Department of Radiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, No. 33, Wenyi Road, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Clinical Research, Philips Healthcare, No. 1 Jiuxianqiao East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan City, 250000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
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Britsch S, Langer H, Duerschmied D, Becher T. The Evolving Role of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2450. [PMID: 38397127 PMCID: PMC10888834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. This inflammatory process is initiated and maintained by both innate and adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis and consist of various subtypes with distinct functional abilities. Following the recognition and binding of antigens, DCs become potent activators of cellular responses, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. The modulation of specific DC subpopulations can have either pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective effects, highlighting the dual pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic roles of DCs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving roles of DCs and their subtypes in the promotion or limitation of atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we explore antigen pulsing and pharmacological approaches to modulate the function of DCs in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Britsch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
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Reijnders E, van der Laarse A, Jukema JW, Cobbaert CM. High residual cardiovascular risk after lipid-lowering: prime time for Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and Psycho-cognitive medicine. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1264319. [PMID: 37908502 PMCID: PMC10613690 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1264319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As time has come to translate trial results into individualized medical diagnosis and therapy, we analyzed how to minimize residual risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by reviewing papers on "residual cardiovascular disease risk". During this review process we found 989 papers that started off with residual CVD risk after initiating statin therapy, continued with papers on residual CVD risk after initiating therapy to increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), followed by papers on residual CVD risk after initiating therapy to decrease triglyceride (TG) levels. Later on, papers dealing with elevated levels of lipoprotein remnants and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] reported new risk factors of residual CVD risk. And as new risk factors are being discovered and new therapies are being tested, residual CVD risk will be reduced further. As we move from CVD risk reduction to improvement of patient management, a paradigm shift from a reductionistic approach towards a holistic approach is required. To that purpose, a personalized treatment dependent on the individual's CVD risk factors including lipid profile abnormalities should be configured, along the line of P5 medicine for each individual patient, i.e., with Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, Participatory, and Psycho-cognitive approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Reijnders
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. van der Laarse
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. W. Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C. M. Cobbaert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Lu CW, Wu WJ, Nguyen TKN, Shen SC, Wu YB, Liang HJ, Wu CH. Alleviating Effects of Ovatodiolide and Antcin K Supplements on High-Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction in ApoE-Knockout Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:4074. [PMID: 37764856 PMCID: PMC10538160 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Many pure compounds have been demonstrated to be effective in treating cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the alleviating effects of oral ovatodiolide and antcin K (OAK) supplements on HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mice. Cardiovascular dysfunction was induced in ApoE-knockout mice by feeding them an HFD for 12 weeks. The degree of cardiovascular dysfunction was assessed through echocardiography, hematological and biochemical analyses, and immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The HFD-fed mice exhibited cardiovascular dysfunction-abnormal blood biochemical index. The arterial wall tissue exhibited the marked deposition of lipids, upregulated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and CD36 receptors, and downregulated expression of the ABCA1 receptor. Macrophages isolated from the peritoneal cavity of the mice exhibited increased levels of lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species, and CD11b expression but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression of superoxide dismutase 2 was downregulated and that of tumor necrosis factor-α was upregulated in the myocardial tissue. Oral OAK supplements twice a day for 12 weeks significantly mitigated HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction in the experimental mice. Oral OAK supplements appear to be a promising strategy for treating HFD-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms may involve the reduction of lipid accumulation in the artery and oxidative stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wen Lu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (W.-J.W.); (T.K.N.N.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Wen-Jhen Wu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (W.-J.W.); (T.K.N.N.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (W.-J.W.); (T.K.N.N.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (W.-J.W.); (T.K.N.N.); (S.-C.S.)
| | - Yeh-B. Wu
- ARJIL Pharmaceuticals LLC, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-B.W.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hui-Ju Liang
- ARJIL Pharmaceuticals LLC, Hsinchu City 30013, Taiwan; (Y.-B.W.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Chung-Hsin Wu
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (W.-J.W.); (T.K.N.N.); (S.-C.S.)
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8
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Theodosis-Nobelos P, Papagiouvannis G, Rekka EA. Ferulic, Sinapic, 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic Acid and Indomethacin Derivatives with Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Hypolipidemic Functionality. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1436. [PMID: 37507974 PMCID: PMC10375978 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of thiomorpholine and cinnamyl alcohol derivatives, conjugated with cinnamic acid-containing moieties, such as ferulic acid, sinapic acid and 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, were synthesized and tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic properties. An indomethacin ester with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol was also prepared for reasons of comparison. The majority of the compounds demonstrated considerable antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activity, reaching up to levels similar to the well-known antioxidant trolox. Some of them had an increased anti-inflammatory effect on the reduction of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (range 17-72% at 150 μmol/kg), having comparable activity to the NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) used as reference. They had moderate activity in soybean lipoxygenase inhibition. All the tested compounds exhibited a significant decrease in lipidemic indices in Triton-induced hyperlipidemia in rats, whilst the most active triglycerides and total cholesterol decreased by 72.5% and 76%, respectively, at 150 μmol/kg (i.p.), slightly better than that of simvastatin, a well-known hypocholesterolemic drug, but with negligible triglyceride-lowering effect. Since our designed compounds seem to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, they may be of use in occasions involving inflammation, oxidative stress, lipidemic deregulation and degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Papagiouvannis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
| | - Eleni A Rekka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Merecz-Sadowska A, Sitarek P, Kowalczyk T, Zajdel K, Jęcek M, Nowak P, Zajdel R. Food Anthocyanins: Malvidin and Its Glycosides as Promising Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents with Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients 2023; 15:3016. [PMID: 37447342 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds that are abundantly present in fruits and vegetables. These compounds contribute to the color of these foods and offer various health benefits to consumers due to their biological properties. There are more than 1000 types of anthocyanins in nature, all derived from 27 anthocyanidin aglycones that have different glycosylations and acylations. Malvidin is one of the most well-known anthocyanidins. Several studies, including those conducted on cell lines, animals, and humans, have suggested that malvidin and its glycosides possess anti-carcinogenic, diabetes-control, cardiovascular-disease-prevention, and brain-function-improvement properties. These health benefits are primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which are influenced by the molecular mechanisms related to the expression and modulation of critical genes. In this article, we review the available information on the biological activity of malvidin and its glycosides concerning their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Zajdel
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-645 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jęcek
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Nowak
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Zajdel
- Department of Economic and Medical Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Liu A, Li R, Zaaboul F, He M, Li X, Shi J, Liu Y, Xu YJ. Proteomic analysis reveals the mechanisms of the astaxanthin suppressed foam cell formation. Life Sci 2023; 325:121774. [PMID: 37172817 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lipid metabolism in macrophages plays a key role in atherosclerosis development. Excessive low-density lipoprotein taken by macrophages leads to foam cell formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of astaxanthin on foam cells, and using mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches to identified the protein expression changes of foam cells. MAIN METHODS The foam cell model was build, then treated with astaxanthin, and tested the content of TC and FC. And proteomics analysis was used in macrophage, macrophage-derived foam cells and macrophage-derived foam cells treated with AST. Then bioinformatic analyses were performed to annotate the functions and associated pathways of the differential proteins. Finally, western blot analysis further confirmed the differential expression of these proteins. KEY FINDINGS Total cholesterol (TC) while free cholesterol (FC) increased in foam cells treated with astaxanthin. The proteomics data set presents a global view of the critical pathways involved in lipid metabolism included PI3K/CDC42 and PI3K/RAC1/TGF-β1 pathways. These pathways significantly increased cholesterol efflux from foam cells and further improved foam cell-induced inflammation. SIGNIFICANCE The present finding provide new insights into the mechanism of astaxanthin regulate lipid metabolism in macrophage foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Farah Zaaboul
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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11
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Alalawi S, Albalawi F, Ramji DP. The Role of Punicalagin and Its Metabolites in Atherosclerosis and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108476. [PMID: 37239823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Although current therapies, such as statins, have led to a marked reduction in morbidity and mortality from ACVD, they are associated with considerable residual risk for the disease together with various adverse side effects. Natural compounds are generally well-tolerated; a major recent goal has been to harness their full potential in the prevention and treatment of ACVD, either alone or together with existing pharmacotherapies. Punicalagin (PC) is the main polyphenol present in pomegranates and pomegranate juice and demonstrates many beneficial actions, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic properties. The objective of this review is to inform on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ACVD and the potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial actions of PC and its metabolites in the disease, including the attenuation of dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial cell dysfunction, foam cell formation, and inflammation mediated by cytokines and immune cells together with the regulation of proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Some of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of PC and its metabolites are due to their strong radical-scavenging activities. PC and its metabolites also inhibit the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Despite the promising findings that have emerged from numerous in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, deeper mechanistic insights and large clinical trials are required to harness the full potential of PC and its metabolites in the prevention and treatment of ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Alalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Faizah Albalawi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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12
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Wacker M, Ball A, Beer HD, Schmitz I, Borucki K, Azizzadeh F, Scherner M, Awad G, Wippermann J, Veluswamy P. Immunophenotyping of Monocyte Migration Markers and Therapeutic Effects of Selenium on IL-6 and IL-1β Cytokine Axes of Blood Mononuclear Cells in Preoperative and Postoperative Coronary Artery Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7198. [PMID: 37108367 PMCID: PMC10139122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by underlying chronic vascular inflammation and occlusion in the coronary arteries, where these patients undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Since post-cardiotomy inflammation is a well known phenomenon after CABG, attenuation of this inflammation is required to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. In this study, we aimed to phenotype circulating frequencies and intensities of monocyte subsets and monocyte migration markers, respectively, and to investigate the plasma level of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines between preoperative and postoperative CAD patients and later, to intervene the inflammation with sodium selenite. We found a higher amplitude of inflammation, postoperatively, in terms of CCR1high monocytes and significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1RA. Further, in vitro intervention with selenium displayed mitigating effects on the IL-6/STAT-3 axis of mononuclear cells derived from postoperative CAD patients. In addition, in vitro selenium intervention significantly reduced IL-1β production as well as decreased cleaved caspase-1 (p20) activity by preoperative (when stimulated) as well as postoperative CAD mononuclear cells. Though TNF-α exhibited a positive correlation with blood troponin levels in postoperative CAD patients, there was no obvious effect of selenium on the TNF-α/NF-κB axis. In conclusion, anti-inflammatory selenium might be utilized to impede systemic inflammatory cytokine axes to circumvent aggravating atherosclerosis and further damage to the autologous bypass grafts during the post-surgical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Wacker
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Anna Ball
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | - Ingo Schmitz
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty of Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Katrin Borucki
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Faranak Azizzadeh
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - George Awad
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Jens Wippermann
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Priya Veluswamy
- Heart Surgery Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Hospital, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (A.B.); (F.A.); (M.S.); (G.A.); (J.W.)
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Ziółkiewicz A, Kasprzak-Drozd K, Rusinek R, Markut-Miotła E, Oniszczuk A. The Influence of Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087146. [PMID: 37108307 PMCID: PMC10139042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted tremendous attention due to their pro-health properties, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and neuroprotective activities. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disorder underlying several CVDs. One of the main risk factors causing atherosclerosis is the type and quality of food consumed. Therefore, polyphenols represent promising agents in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as demonstrated by in vitro, animal, preclinical and clinical studies. However, most polyphenols cannot be absorbed directly by the small intestine. Gut microbiota play a crucial role in converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. An increasing understanding of the field has confirmed that specific GM taxa strains mediate the gut microbiota-atherosclerosis axis. The present study explores the anti-atherosclerotic properties and associated underlying mechanisms of polyphenols. Moreover, it provides a basis for better understanding the relationship between dietary polyphenols, gut microbiota, and cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Rusinek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Markut-Miotła
- Department of Lung Diseases and Children Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoniego Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Dr Wiotolda Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Markin AM, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Chakal DA, Breshenkov DG, Charchyan ER. The Role of Cytokines in Cholesterol Accumulation in Cells and Atherosclerosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076426. [PMID: 37047399 PMCID: PMC10094347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular disease and is the number one cause of death worldwide. Today, atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune component, accompanied by the accumulation of cholesterol in the vessel wall and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation. In the process of accumulation of atherogenic lipids, cells of the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc., play an important role, producing and/or activating the production of various cytokines—interferons, interleukins, chemokines. In this review, we have tried to summarize the most important cytokines involved in the processes of atherogenesis.
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15
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Chiorescu RM, Mocan M, Inceu AI, Buda AP, Blendea D, Vlaicu SI. Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque: Is There a Molecular Signature? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13638. [PMID: 36362423 PMCID: PMC9656166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, coronary and cerebral artery diseases, are the most common cause of death worldwide. The main pathophysiological mechanism for these complications is the rupture of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques and subsequent thrombosis. Pathological studies of the vulnerable lesions showed that more frequently, plaques rich in lipids and with a high level of inflammation, responsible for mild or moderate stenosis, are more prone to rupture, leading to acute events. Identifying the vulnerable plaques helps to stratify patients at risk of developing acute vascular events. Traditional imaging methods based on plaque appearance and size are not reliable in prediction the risk of rupture. Intravascular imaging is a novel technique able to identify vulnerable lesions, but it is invasive and an operator-dependent technique. This review aims to summarize the current data from literature regarding the main biomarkers involved in the attempt to diagnose vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions. These biomarkers could be the base for risk stratification and development of the new therapeutic drugs in the treatment of patients with vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Mihaela Chiorescu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Mocan
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ioana Inceu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Paula Buda
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Blendea
- Department of Cardiology, Nicolae Stăncioiu Heart Institute, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400437 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Irina Vlaicu
- Internal Medicine Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Tetramethylpyrazine and Paeoniflorin Synergistically Attenuate Cholesterol Efflux in Macrophage Cells via Enhancing ABCA1 and ABCG1 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4304790. [PMID: 36387364 PMCID: PMC9653297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4304790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The formation of foam cells is a characteristic of the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. ATP-binding cassette subfamily A1 and G1 (ABCA1 and ABCG1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) play critical roles in promoting intracellular cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1). We attempted to test the effect of the tetramethylpyrazine-paeoniflorin pair (TP) on cholesterol outflow in foam cells derived from macrophages. In this study, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 80 mg/L oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h to obtain foam cells. Then they were intervened with TP (tetramethylpyrazine 40 ug/ml plus paeoniflorin 80 ug/ml) for additional 24 h. The distribution of cholesterol in foam cells was evaluated by oil red O staining. The contents of total cholesterol (TC) and free cholesterol (FC) were assessed with commercial kits. Fluorescent imaging was observed with a fluorescent inverted microscope. The capacity of cholesterol efflux was measured with a fluorescent plate reader, and the transcript and protein levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, and SR-B1 were detected by Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reactions (Q-PCRs). Cytokines in the medium were detected by ELISA and adjusted by total cellular proteins. The results showed that TP decreased ox-LDL-induced cholesterol deposition and foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux to apoA1, which was related to the upregulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Moreover, TP decreased the secretion of ox-LDL-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), an important profoam cell cytokine in atherosclerosis.
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17
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Jiang W, Niu J, Gao H, Dang Y, Qi M, Liu Y. A retrospective study of immunoglobulin E as a biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke with carotid atherosclerotic plaques. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14235. [PMID: 36317119 PMCID: PMC9617546 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, serum markers of acute ischemic stroke (AICS) with carotid artery plaque were retrospectively evaluated to establish a basis for discovering serological indicators for early warning of acute ischemic stroke (AICS). Methods A total of 248 patients with AICS were enrolled in Lanzhou University Second Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. The study population included 136 males and 112 females, 64 ± 11 years of age. Of these, there were 90 patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA), including 60 males and 30 females, aged 64 ± 8 years old. Patients with AICS were stratified by carotid ultrasound into a plaque group (n = 154) and a non-plaque group (n = 94). A total of 160 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), amyloid A (SAA), immunoglobulin E (IgE), D-dimer (D-D), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were collected from all subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of AICS with carotid plaque. ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of AICS with carotid plaque. Results The IgE, Lp-PLA2, SAA, LDL-C, TC, TG, and D-D levels in the AICS group were higher than those in the TIA group and healthy control group (P < 0.05). The IgE level was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group and TIA group. The IgE level in the AICS plaque group was significantly higher than that in the AICS non-plaque group (P < 0.01), and the Lp-PLA2 level was also different (P < 0.05). The incidence of AICS was positively correlated with Lp-PLA2, TC, IgE, TG, D-D, SAA and LDL-C (r = 0.611, 0.499, 0.478, 0.431, 0.386, 0.332, 0.280, all P < 0.05). The incidence of AICS with plaque was only positively correlated with IgE and Lp-PLA2 (r = 0.588, 0.246, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that IgE and Lp-PLA2 were independent risk factors for predicting the occurrence of AICS with carotid plaque (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of IgE (0.849) was significantly higher than other indicators; its sensitivity and specificity were also the highest, indicating that IgE can improve the diagnostic efficiency of AICS with carotid plaque. Conclusion IgE is a serum laboratory indicator used to diagnose AICS disease with carotid plaque, which lays a foundation for further research on potential early warning indicators of AICS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jindou Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yingqiang Dang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Meijiao Qi
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Sun L, Yuan JL, Chen QC, Xiao WK, Ma GP, Liang JH, Chen XK, Wang S, Zhou XX, Wu H, Hong CX. Red meat consumption and risk for dyslipidaemia and inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:996467. [PMID: 36247460 PMCID: PMC9563242 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.996467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The study (PROSPERO: CRD42021240905) aims to reveal the relationships among red meat, serum lipids and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods and results PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases were explored through December 2021 to identify 574 studies about red meat and serum lipids markers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), C-reactive protein (CRP) or hypersensitive-CRP (hs-CRP). Finally, 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1001 people were included, red meat and serum lipid markers and their relevant information was extracted. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) was obtained by applying a random-effects model, and subgroup analyses and meta-regression were employed to explain the heterogeneity. Compared with white meat or grain diets, the gross results showed that the consumption of red meat increased serum lipid concentrations like TG (0.29 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.14, 0.44,P<0.001), but did not significantly influence the TC (0.13 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.07, 0.33, P = 0.21), LDL-C (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.23, 0.45, P = 0.53), HDL-C (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.31, 0.17, P = 0.57),CRP or hs-CRP (0.13 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.10, 0.37,P = 0.273). Conclusion Our study provided evidence to the fact that red meat consumption affected serum lipids levels like TG, but almost had no effect on TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and CRP or hs-CRP. Such diets with red meat should be taken seriously to avoid the problem of high lipid profiles. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42021240905].
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Sun
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yuan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Cen Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Kang Xiao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Ping Ma
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hua Liang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Meizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kun Chen
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Wang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Zhou
- The Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wu,
| | - Chuang-Xiong Hong
- The Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Chuang-Xiong Hong,
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Santos-Sánchez G, Cruz-Chamorro I, Álvarez-Ríos AI, Álvarez-Sánchez N, Rodríguez-Ortiz B, Álvarez-López AI, Fernández-Pachón MS, Pedroche J, Millán F, Millán-Linares MDC, Lardone PJ, Bejarano I, Carrillo-Vico A. Bioactive Peptides from Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius) Prevent the Early Stages of Atherosclerosis in Western Diet-Fed ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8243-8253. [PMID: 35767743 PMCID: PMC9284549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported the in vitro hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of Alcalase-generated lupin protein hydrolysate (LPH). Given that lipoprotein deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammation are the main components of atherogenesis, we characterized the LPH composition, in silico identified LPH-peptides with activities related to atherosclerosis, and evaluated the in vivo LPH effects on atherosclerosis risk factors in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. After 15 min of Alcalase hydrolysis, peptides smaller than 8 kDa were obtained, and 259 peptides out of 278 peptides found showed biological activities related to atherosclerosis risk factors. Furthermore, LPH administration for 12 weeks reduced the plasma lipids, as well as the cardiovascular and atherogenic risk indexes. LPH also increased the total antioxidant capacity, decreased endothelial permeability, inflammatory response, and atherogenic markers. Therefore, this study describes for the first time that LPH prevents the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Santos-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Cruz-Chamorro
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- .
Phone: +34955923106
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-Ríos
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Clínica, Unidad de Gestión de Laboratorios, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Nuria Álvarez-Sánchez
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Ortiz
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Álvarez-López
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Área
de Nutrición y Bromatología, Departamento de Biología
Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Justo Pedroche
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millán
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Millán-Linares
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Department
of Food & Health, Instituto de la grasa,
CSIC, Ctra Utrera Km
1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia Judith Lardone
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bejarano
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Carrillo-Vico
- Instituto
de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta
de Andalucía, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain
- Departamento
de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular e Inmunología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
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20
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Control of Cholesterol Metabolism Using a Systems Approach. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030430. [PMID: 35336806 PMCID: PMC8945167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cholesterol is the main sterol in mammals that is essential for healthy cell functionining. It plays a key role in metabolic regulation and signaling, it is a precursor molecule of bile acids, oxysterols, and all steroid hormones. It also contributes to the structural makeup of the membranes. Its homeostasis is tightly controlled since it can harm the body if it is allowed to reach abnormal blood concentrations. One of the diseases associated with elevated cholesterol levels being the major cause of morbidities and mortalities worldwide, is atherosclerosis. In this study, we have developed a model of the cholesterol metabolism taking into account local inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim was to investigate the impact of the interplay of those processes and cholesterol metabolism disturbances on the atherosclerosis development and progression. We have also analyzed the effect of combining different classes of drugs targeting selected components of cholesterol metabolism. Abstract Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cells and is involved in many fundamental physiological processes; hence, its homeostasis in the body is tightly controlled, and any disturbance has serious consequences. Disruption of the cellular metabolism of cholesterol, accompanied by inflammation and oxidative stress, promotes the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and, consequently, is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. Therefore, new drugs to regulate disturbed cholesterol metabolism are used and developed, which help to control cholesterol homeostasis but still do not entirely cure atherosclerosis. In this study, a Petri net-based model of human cholesterol metabolism affected by a local inflammation and oxidative stress, has been created and analyzed. The use of knockout of selected pathways allowed us to observe and study the effect of various combinations of commonly used drugs on atherosclerosis. The analysis results led to the conclusion that combination therapy, targeting multiple pathways, may be a fundamental concept in the development of more effective strategies for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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21
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Chan YH, Alahmadi A, Alotibi R, Ramji DP. Evaluation of Plaque Burden and Lipid Content in Atherosclerotic Plaques. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:481-496. [PMID: 35237983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-rich, fibrous plaques within the arterial wall of medium and large arteries. Plaques prone to rupture are typically rich in lipids and pro-inflammatory markers. Cells within the plaque can take up lipids via different mechanisms leading to the formation and accumulation of lipid-rich foam cells, a key hallmark of the disease. Evaluation of plaque burden and lipid content is hence important to determine disease progression and severity. This chapter describes the most commonly used staining methods that enable visualization and analysis of mouse atherosclerotic plaques. These methods include en face preparation of mouse aorta, and staining sections of arteries using hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Masson's Trichrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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22
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis and Key Cellular Processes, Current and Emerging Therapies, Key Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:3-19. [PMID: 35237955 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the principal cause of cardiovascular disease that continues to be a substantial drain on healthcare systems, being responsible for about 31% of all global deaths. Atherogenesis is influenced by a range of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and is ultimately driven by the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol within the arterial wall of medium and large arteries. Lipoprotein accumulation stimulates the infiltration of immune cells (such as monocytes/macrophages and T-lymphocytes), some of which take up the lipoprotein, leading to the formation of lipid-laden foam cells. Foam cell death results in increased accumulation of dead cells, cellular debris and extracellular cholesterol, forming a lipid-rich necrotic core. Vascular smooth muscle cells from the arterial media also migrate into the intima layer and proliferate, taking up the available lipids to become foam cells and producing extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and elastin. Plaque progression is characterized by the formation of a fibrous cap composed of extracellular matrix proteins and smooth muscle cells, which acts to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque. Degradation, thinning, and subsequent rupture of the fibrous cap leads to lumen-occlusive atherothrombosis, most commonly resulting in heart attack or stroke. This chapter describes the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, current and emerging therapies, key challenges, and future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Zou Y, Song X, Liu N, Sun W, Liu B. Intestinal Flora: A Potential New Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease. Aging Dis 2022; 13:753-772. [PMID: 35656118 PMCID: PMC9116925 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made in reducing the burden of the disease by preventing the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD), potential risk factors still exist and lead to its progression. In recent years, numerous studies have revealed that intestinal flora can interfere with the physiological processes of the host through changes in composition and function or related metabolites. Intestinal flora thus affects the occurrence and development of a variety of CVDs, including atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure. Moreover, studies have found that interventions for intestinal flora and its metabolites provide new opportunities for CVD treatment. This article mainly discusses the interaction between the human intestinal flora and its metabolites, the occurrence and development of CVD, and the potential of intestinal flora as a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Sun
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Sun Wei () and Bin Liu (), Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Chan YH, Alotibi R, Alahmadi A, Ramji DP. Monitoring Cellularity and Expression of Key Markers in Atherosclerotic Plaques. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:497-506. [PMID: 35237984 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques are highly diverse and heterogeneous structures, even within the same individual, and can vary depending on its anatomical location within the vascular bed. Early in the disease and throughout its progression, immune cells infiltrate the lesion, contributing to the plaque phenotype via different mechanisms. Detailed characterization of constituent cell populations within plaques is hence required for more accurate assessment of disease severity and inflammatory burden. A wide range of fluorophore-conjugated antibodies targeted to key cell types implicated in all stages of the disease are commercially available, enabling visualization of the dynamic cellular landscape present within lesions. This chapter describes the use of immunofluorescence staining of atherosclerotic plaque sections to study plaque cellularity and expression of key markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Chan YH, Ramji DP. Key Roles of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Mediators Involved in Orchestrating the Inflammatory Response and Its Resolution in the Disease Along with Therapeutic Avenues Targeting Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:21-37. [PMID: 35237956 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a critical driver of all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion development to plaque rupture. Cytokines are mediators of the immune response and in atherosclerosis, the balance of anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines is tipped in favor of the latter, resulting in persistent and unresolved inflammation. Although reducing plasma cholesterol levels mainly via the use of statins has positively impacted patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates, the presence of significant residual inflammation and cardiovascular risk posttherapy emphasizes the prevailing risk of primary and secondary events driven by inflammation independently of hyperlipidemia. Given the dominant role of inflammation in driving pathogenesis, alternative therapeutic avenues beyond targeting lowering of plasma lipids are required. This chapter will discuss the role of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines in driving atherogenesis and disease progression, the therapeutic potential of targeting cytokines for atherosclerosis and promising avenues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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26
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Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Modified (MAA) Proteins Differentially Effect the Inflammatory Response in Macrophage, Endothelial Cells and Animal Models of Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312948. [PMID: 34884754 PMCID: PMC8657968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Currently, the mechanism(s) by which inflammation contributes to this disease are not entirely understood. Inflammation is known to induce oxidative stress, which can lead to lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation can result in the production of reactive by-products that can oxidatively modify macromolecules including DNA, proteins, and lipoproteins. A major reactive by-product of lipid peroxidation is malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA can subsequently break down to form acetaldehyde (AA). These two aldehydes can covalently interact with the epsilon (ε)-amino group of lysines within proteins and lipoproteins leading to the formation of extremely stable, highly immunogenic malondialdehyde/acetaldehyde adducts (MAA-adducts). The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response to MAA-modified human serum albumin (HSA-MAA) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-MAA). We found that animals injected with LDL-MAA generate antibodies specific to MAA-adducts. The level of anti-MAA antibodies were further increased in an animal model of atherosclerosis fed a Western diet. An animal model that combined both high fat diet and immunization of MAA-modified protein resulted in a dramatic increase in antibodies to MAA-adducts and vascular fat accumulation compared with controls. In vitro exposure of endothelial cells and macrophages to MAA-modified proteins resulted in increased fat accumulation as well as increased expression of adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The expression of cytokines varied between the different cell lines and was unique to the individual modified proteins. The results of these studies demonstrate that different MAA-modified proteins elicit unique responses in different cell types. Additionally, the presence of MAA-modified proteins appears to modulate cellular metabolism leading to increased accumulation of triglycerides and further progression of the inflammatory response.
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27
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Natural Compound Resveratrol Attenuates TNF-Alpha-Induced Vascular Dysfunction in Mice and Human Endothelial Cells: The Involvement of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212486. [PMID: 34830366 PMCID: PMC8620472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural compound in grapes and red wine, has drawn attention due to potential cardiovascular-related health benefits. However, its effect on vascular inflammation at physiologically achievable concentrations is largely unknown. In this study, resveratrol in concentrations as low as 1 μm suppressed TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to human EA.hy926 endothelial cells (ECs), a key event in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Low concentrations of resveratrol (0.25–2 μm) also significantly attenuated TNF-α-stimulated mRNA expressions of MCP-1/CCL2 and ICAM-1, which are vital mediators of EC-monocyte adhesion molecules and cytokines for cardiovascular plaque formation. Additionally, resveratrol diminished TNF-α-induced IκB-α degradation and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in ECs. In the animal study, resveratrol supplementation in diet significantly diminished TNF-α-induced increases in circulating levels of adhesion molecules and cytokines, monocyte adhesion to mouse aortic ECs, F4/80-positive macrophages and VCAM-1 expression in mice aortas and restored the disruption in aortic elastin fiber caused by TNF-α treatment. The animal study also confirmed that resveratrol blocks the activation of NF-κB In Vivo. In conclusion, resveratrol at physiologically achievable concentrations displayed protective effects against TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial inflammation in vitro and In Vivo. The ability of resveratrol in reducing inflammation may be associated with its role as a down-regulator of the NF-κB pathway.
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28
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Calcium Dobesilate Modulates PKCδ-NADPH Oxidase- MAPK-NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Reduce CD14, TLR4, and MMP9 Expression during Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111798. [PMID: 34829669 PMCID: PMC8615002 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation results in the secretion of various inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress molecules necessary for atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Consequently, this differentiation represents a potential clinical target in atherosclerosis. Calcium dobesilate (CaD), an established vasoactive and angioprotective drug in experimental models of diabetic microvascular complications reduces oxidative stress and inhibits inflammation via diverse molecular targets; however, its effect on monocytes/macrophages is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CaD during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in in vitro models of sepsis (LPS) and hyperglycemia, using THP-1 monocytic cell line. CaD significantly suppressed CD14, TLR4, and MMP9 expression and activity, lowering pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL1β, TNFα, and MCP-1. The effects of CaD translated through to studies on primary human macrophages. CaD inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, PKCδ, MAPK (ERK1/2 and p38) phosphorylation, NOX2/p47phox expression, and membrane translocation. We used hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to mimic oxidative stress, demonstrating that CaD suppressed PKCδ activation via its ROS-scavenging properties. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that CaD suppresses CD14, TLR4, MMP9, and signature pro-inflammatory cytokines, in human macrophages, via the downregulation of PKCδ/NADPH oxidase/ROS/MAPK/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. Our data present novel mechanisms of how CaD alleviates metabolic and infectious inflammation.
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29
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Al‐Ahmadi W, Webberley TS, Joseph A, Harris F, Chan Y, Alotibi R, Williams JO, Alahmadi A, Decker T, Hughes TR, Ramji DP. Pro-atherogenic actions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 serine 727 phosphorylation in LDL receptor deficient mice via modulation of plaque inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21892. [PMID: 34569651 PMCID: PMC9549671 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100571rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the vasculature regulated by cytokines. We have previously shown that extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) plays an important role in serine 727 phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) transactivation domain, which is required for maximal interferon-γ signaling, and the regulation of modified LDL uptake by macrophages in vitro. Unfortunately, the roles of ERK1/2 and STAT1 serine 727 phosphorylation in atherosclerosis are poorly understood and were investigated using ERK1 deficient mice (ERK2 knockout mice die in utero) and STAT1 knock-in mice (serine 727 replaced by alanine; STAT1 S727A). Mouse Atherosclerosis RT² Profiler PCR Array analysis showed that ERK1 deficiency and STAT1 S727A modification produced significant changes in the expression of 18 and 49 genes, respectively, in bone marrow-derived macrophages, with 17 common regulated genes that included those that play key roles in inflammation and cell migration. Indeed, ERK1 deficiency and STAT1 S727A modification attenuated chemokine-driven migration of macrophages with the former also impacting proliferation and the latter phagocytosis. In LDL receptor deficient mice fed a high fat diet, both ERK1 deficiency and STAT1 S727A modification produced significant reduction in plaque lipid content, albeit at different time points. The STAT1 S727A modification additionally caused a significant reduction in plaque content of macrophages and CD3 T cells and diet-induced cardiac hypertrophy index. In addition, there was a significant increase in plasma IL-2 levels and a trend toward increase in plasma IL-5 levels. These studies demonstrate important roles of STAT1 S727 phosphorylation in particular in the regulation of atherosclerosis-associated macrophage processes in vitro together with plaque lipid content and inflammation in vivo, and support further assessment of its therapeutical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Joseph
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ffion Harris
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Yee‐Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Thomas Decker
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyMax F. Perutz LaboratoriesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Timothy R. Hughes
- Systems Immunity Research InstituteSchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Dipak P. Ramji
- Cardiff School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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30
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Poznyak AV, Nikiforov NG, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV, Orekhov AN. Macrophages and Foam Cells: Brief Overview of Their Role, Linkage, and Targeting Potential in Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091221. [PMID: 34572406 PMCID: PMC8468383 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is still one of the main causes of death around the globe. This condition leads to various life-threatening cardiovascular complications. However, no effective preventive measures are known apart from lifestyle corrections, and no cure has been developed. Despite numerous studies in the field of atherogenesis, there are still huge gaps in already poor understanding of mechanisms that underlie the disease. Inflammation and lipid metabolism violations are undoubtedly the key players, but many other factors, such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This overview is focusing on the role of macrophages in atherogenesis, which are at the same time a part of the inflammatory response, and also tightly linked to the foam cell formation, thus taking part in both crucial for atherogenesis processes. Being essentially involved in atherosclerosis development, macrophages and foam cells have attracted attention as a promising target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Nikita G. Nikiforov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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31
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Huwait EA, Saddeek SY, Al-Massabi RF, Almowallad SJ, Pushparaj PN, Kalamegam G. Antiatherogenic Effects of Quercetin in the THP-1 Macrophage Model In Vitro, With Insights Into Its Signaling Mechanisms Using In Silico Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:698138. [PMID: 34385920 PMCID: PMC8353397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.698138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS), a major risk factor for stroke and brain tissue destruction, is an inflammatory disease of the blood vessels, and the underlying pathology is inflammation mediated by various chemokines and cytokines. Quercetin, a natural flavonol, is reported to have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. As such, in the present study, we evaluated the antiatherogenic effects of quercetin in a human THP-1 cell line in vitro and also the signaling mechanisms using in silico analysis. Materials and Methods: THP-1 macrophages exposed to different concentrations of quercetin (5–100 μM for 24 h) were tested for cytotoxicity. Real-time gene expression assay for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was carried out following treatment with quercetin at 15 and 30 μM for 24 h either in the absence or presence of interferon (IFN-γ) for 3 h to induce inflammation. Monocyte migration and cholesterol efflux were also assessed. Results: Quercetin did not exert any cytotoxic effects on THP-1 cells at the various concentrations tested. The gene expression assay showed a significant decrease in ICAM-1 (by 3.05 and 2.70) and MCP-1 (by 22.71 and 27.03), respectively. Quercetin at 15 µM decreased THP-1 monocyte migration by 33% compared to the MCP-1-treated cells. It also increased cholesterol efflux significantly by1.64-fold and 1.60-fold either alone or in combination with IFN-γ, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of the molecular interactions of quercetin identified canonical pathways directly related to lipid uptake and cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, CD36, SR-A, and LXR-α also demonstrated significant increases by 72.16-, 149.10-, and 29.68-fold, respectively. Conclusion: Our results from both in vitro and in silico studies identified that quercetin inhibited the THP-1 monocyte migration, MCP-1, and ICAM-1 and increased cholesterol efflux probably mediated via the LXR/RXR signaling pathway. Therefore, quercetin will help prevent cell infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques and reduce the risk of stroke or brain destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etimad A Huwait
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cell Culture Unit and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Y Saddeek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cell Culture Unit and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehab F Al-Massabi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cell Culture Unit and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa J Almowallad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cell Culture Unit and Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Division, Nibblen Life Sciences Private Limited, Chennai, India
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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:245. [PMID: 34176928 PMCID: PMC8236488 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Xu Y. A myriad of roles of dendritic cells in atherosclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:12-27. [PMID: 34109619 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease with break-down of homeostatic immune regulation of vascular tissues. As a critical initiator of host immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) have also been identified in the aorta of healthy individuals and atherosclerotic patients, whose roles in regulating arterial inflammation aroused great interest. Accumulating evidence has now pointed to the fundamental roles for DCs in every developmental stage of atherosclerosis due to their myriad of functions in immunity and tolerance induction, ranging from lipid uptake, efferocytosis and antigen presentation to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine or chemokine secretion. In this study we provide a timely summary of the published works in this field, and comprehensively discuss both the direct and indirect roles of DCs in atherogenesis. Understanding the pathogenic roles of DCs during the development of atherosclerosis in vascular tissues would certainly help to open therapeutic avenue to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, School of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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34
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Quintal Martínez JP, Segura Campos MR. Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst.: A Food Proposal Against Thromboembolic Diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1934002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Golshiri K, Ataei Ataabadi E, Rubio-Beltran E, Dutheil S, Yao W, Snyder GL, Davis RE, van der Pluijm I, Brandt R, Van den Berg-Garrelds IM, MaassenVanDenBrink A, de Vries R, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Selective Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibition Ameliorates Vascular Function, Reduces Inflammatory Response, and Lowers Blood Pressure in Aging Animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:173-183. [PMID: 34099502 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diminished nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated relaxation plays a crucial role in cardiovascular aging, leading to decreased vasodilation, vascular hypertrophy and stiffening, and ultimately, cardiovascular dysfunction. Aging is the time-related worsening of physiologic function due to complex cellular and molecular interactions, and it is at least partly driven by DNA damage. Genetic deletion of the DNA repair enzyme ERCC1 endonuclease in Ercc1Δ/- mice provides us an efficient tool to accelerate vascular aging, explore mechanisms, and test potential treatments. Previously, we identified the cGMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase 1 as a potential treatment target in vascular aging. In the present study, we studied the effect of acute and chronic treatment with ITI-214, a selective phosphodiesterase 1 inhibitor on vascular aging features in Ercc1Δ/- mice. Compared with wild-type mice, Ercc1Δ/- mice at the age of 14 weeks showed decreased reactive hyperemia, diminished endothelium-dependent and -independent responses of arteries in organ baths, carotid wall hypertrophy, and elevated circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines. Acute ITI-214 treatment in organ baths restored the arterial endothelium-independent vasodilation in Ercc1Δ/- mice. An 8-week treatment with 100 mg/kg per day ITI-214 improved endothelium-independent relaxation in both aorta and coronary arteries, at least partly restored the diminished reactive hyperemia, lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, normalized the carotid hypertrophy, and ameliorated inflammatory responses exclusively in Ercc1Δ/- mice. These findings suggest phosphodiesterase 1 inhibition would provide a powerful tool for nitric oxide-cGMP augmentation and have significant therapeutic potential to battle arteriopathy related to aging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The findings implicate the key role of phosphodiesterase 1 in vascular function and might be of clinical importance for the prevention of mortalities and morbidities related to vascular complications during aging, as well as for patients with progeria that show a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Golshiri
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Eloísa Rubio-Beltran
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Sophie Dutheil
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Wei Yao
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Gretchen L Snyder
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Robert E Davis
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Renata Brandt
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Ingrid M Van den Berg-Garrelds
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - René de Vries
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Dept. of Internal Medicine (K.G., E.A.A., E.R.-B., I.M.V.d.B.-G., A.M., R.d.V., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.), Dept. of Molecular Genetics (I.v.d.P., R.B.), Dept. of Vascular Surgery (I.v.d.P.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, New York (S.D., W.Y., G.L.S., R.E.D.)
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de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales V, Timóteo TRR, da Silva NM, de Melo CG, Ferreira AS, de Oliveira MVG, de Oliveira Silva E, Dos Santos Mendes LM, Rolim LA, Neto PJR. A Systematic Review of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gallium Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2062-2076. [PMID: 32484099 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200525160556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is an essential response provided by the immune system, ensuring the survival during microbial infection, tissue injury and other noxious conditions. However, prolonged inflammatory processes are often associated with severe side effects on health. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to provide the evidence in the literature of the preclinical and human anti-inflammatory activity of gallium compounds from 2000 to 2019 focused on elucidating the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process. METHODS Seven bibliographical databases were consulted (PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springer, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost). The selection of appropriate publications and writing of this systematic review were based on the guidelines mentioned in the PRISMA statement. Moreover, the assessment of the methodological quality of the selected studies was also performed. RESULTS From a total of 3018 studies, 16 studies were included in this paper based on our eligibility criteria, which showed promising and consistent results. CONCLUSION Further research concerning specific inflammatory conditions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natália Millena da Silva
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Camila Gomes de Melo
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson de Oliveira Silva
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central de Analise de Farmacos, Medicamentos e Alimentos, Federal University of Vale do Sao Francisco (UNIVASF), Petrolina-PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Laboratorio de Tecnologia dos Medicamentos, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife-PE, Brazil
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Belperain S, Kang ZY, Dunphy A, Priebe B, Chiu NHL, Jia Z. Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Cellular Uptake Mechanism of Carbon Nanodots in in Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1247. [PMID: 34068511 PMCID: PMC8151002 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become an increasingly important topic in the field of medical research due to the steadily increasing rates of mortality caused by this disease. With recent advancements in nanotechnology, a push for new, novel treatments for CVD utilizing these new materials has begun. Carbon Nanodots (CNDs), are a new form of nanoparticles that have been coveted due to the green synthesis method, biocompatibility, fluorescent capabilities and potential anti-antioxidant properties. With much research pouring into CNDs being used as bioimaging and drug delivery tools, few studies have been completed on their anti-inflammatory potential, especially in the cardiovascular system. CVD begins initially by endothelial cell inflammation. The cause of this inflammation can come from many sources; one being tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), which can not only trigger inflammation but prolong its existence by causing a storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study investigated the ability of CNDs to attenuate TNF-α induced inflammation in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Results show that CNDs at non-cytotoxic concentrations reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, mainly Interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). The uptake of CNDs by HMEC-1s was examined. Results from the studies involving channel blockers and endocytosis disruptors suggest that uptake takes place by endocytosis. These findings provide insights on the interaction CNDs and endothelial cells undergoing TNF-α induced cellular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Belperain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.B.); (Z.Y.K.); (A.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Zi Yae Kang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.B.); (Z.Y.K.); (A.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Andrew Dunphy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.B.); (Z.Y.K.); (A.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Brandon Priebe
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.B.); (Z.Y.K.); (A.D.); (B.P.)
| | - Norman H. L. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA;
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (S.B.); (Z.Y.K.); (A.D.); (B.P.)
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38
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Erythorbyl laurate suppresses TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytes to the vascular endothelium. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rekhi UR, Catunda RQ, Alexiou M, Sharma M, Fong A, Febbraio M. Impact of a CD36 inhibitor on Porphyromonas gingivalis mediated atherosclerosis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 126:105129. [PMID: 33934042 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if AP5055 drug, an inhibitor of CD36, prevents the increase in Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) mediated atherosclerosis in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice by targeting CD36. METHODS Male LDLR KO mice were infected with P. gingivalis by oral lavage to induce periodontal disease and fed a western diet to induce atherosclerosis. Mice were treated with the CD36 inhibitor, AP5055 (1 mg/kg), or vehicle (1% DMSO). Aortae were dissected and stained with oil red-O for morphometric analysis; blood/plasma was collected to determine markers of inflammation by cytokine array and cholesterol levels. P. gingivalis-induced bone loss in mandibles was assessed using micro-CT. P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity was measured using a reporter gene (secreted alkaline phosphatase) assay in AP5055 treated or untreated RAW-Blue macrophages. RESULTS Isolated aortae showed a significant decrease in lesion area in the AP5055 treated group as compared to the control group. Mechanistically, in vitro analysis demonstrated that AP5055 inhibited NF-κB activity. Cytokine array showed a decrease in the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of plasma cholesterol in AP5055 treated mice. Micro-CT measurements of bone loss were not significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION CD36 inhibitor AP5055 abrogates atherosclerotic lesion burden associated with periodontal disease, accompanied by a reduction in markers of inflammation. These experiments may support the development of drugs targeting CD36 for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Rauf Rekhi
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raisa Queiroz Catunda
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Alexiou
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research of Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron Fong
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Moss JWE, Williams JO, Al-Ahmadi W, O'Morain V, Chan YH, Hughes TR, Menendez-Gonzalez JB, Almotiri A, Plummer SF, Rodrigues NP, Michael DR, Ramji DP. Protective effects of a unique combination of nutritionally active ingredients on risk factors and gene expression associated with atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:3657-3671. [PMID: 33900312 PMCID: PMC8359826 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02867c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and the underlying cause of cardiovascular disease, is responsible for one in three global deaths. Consumption of active food ingredients such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, flavanols and phytosterols has many beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. However, their combined actions on the risk factors for atherosclerosis remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that a formulation containing each of these active components at physiologically relevant doses modulated several monocyte/macrophage processes associated with atherosclerosis in vitro, including inhibition of cytokine-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, chemokine-driven monocyte migration, expression of M1 phenotype markers, and promotion of cholesterol efflux. The objectives of the present study were to investigate whether the protective actions of the formulation extended in vivo and to delineate the potential underlying mechanisms. The formulation produced several favourable changes, including higher plasma levels of HDL and reduced levels of macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the bone marrow. The mRNA expression of liver-X-receptor-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and superoxide dismutase-1 was induced in the liver and that of interferon-γ and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 decreased, thereby suggesting the potential mechanisms for many beneficial effects. Other changes were also observed such as increased plasma levels of triglycerides and lipid peroxidation that may reflect potential activation of brown fat. This study provides new insights into the protective actions and the potential underlying mechanisms of the formulation in vivo, particularly in relation to risk factors together with changes in systemic inflammation and hepatic lipid alterations associated with atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, and supports further assessments in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe W E Moss
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Jessica O Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Wijdan Al-Ahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Victoria O'Morain
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Juan B Menendez-Gonzalez
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Alhomidi Almotiri
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Sue F Plummer
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Daryn R Michael
- Cultech Limited, Unit 2 Christchurch Road, Baglan Industrial Park, Port Talbot, SA12 7BZ, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
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Topchieva LV, Korneva VA, Kurbatova IV. The relationship of the carriership of allelic variations in rs2228145 (A > C) of the IL6R gene with the levels of VCAM1 and ICAM1 gene transcripts in patients with essential hypertension. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:96-101. [PMID: 33659786 PMCID: PMC7716534 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of plasma interleukin 6 and its soluble receptors were found to be elevated in subjects with cardiovascular diseases, which points to amplification of the IL-6-mediated trans-signaling pathway in cells and the development of chronic inflammation. The allelic variation in the rs2228145 IL6R gene is associated with a change in the contents of the soluble and membrane-bound receptor forms mediating the biological activity of IL-6. Cytokine IL-6 is involved in the development of endothelial dysfunction by regulating the expression of the VCAM1 and ICAM1 genes, encoding intercellular adhesion molecules. Prior to this work, no data on the association of essential arterial hypertension (EAH) with rs2228145 allelic variations of the IL6R gene have been reported. The aim of our work was to study the relationship of the carriership of rs2228145 (A > C) allelic variations with the development of EAH and the VCAM1 and ICAM1 transcript levels. We analyzed samples of DNA isolated from the whole blood of 148 healthy donors and 152 patients with EAH (stages I–II). The genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. The level of transcripts in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was assessed by real-time PCR. Differences in the frequency distributions of rs2228145 (A > C) genotypes between the control group and the group of patients with EAH (χ2 = 9.303) were found. The frequency of the CC genotype in EAH patients was higher than in healthy people (0.191 and 0.095, respectively). The risk of EAH (I–II stages) development was shown to be 2.3 times higher in CC genotype carriers as compared to individuals with other genotypes (OR = 2.257, 95 % confidence interval 1.100–4.468).
The levels of VCAM1 and ICAM1 gene transcripts in PBL of patients with EAH were significantly higher than in healthy people. The level of ICAM1 gene transcripts was almost 4 times higher in patients with CC genotype. The Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance revealed an effect of rs2228145 (A > C) genotype on the transcriptional activity of ICAM1, which argues for its role in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Topchieva
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - V A Korneva
- Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - I V Kurbatova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Sabu V, Krishnan S, Peter J, Aswathy IS, Lal Preethi SS, Simon M, Radhakrishna GP, Helen A. Synergistic effect of Betulinic acid, Apigenin and Skimmianine (BASk) in high cholesterol diet rabbit: Involvement of CD36-TLR2 signaling pathway. Cytokine 2021; 142:155475. [PMID: 33667961 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of chronic inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process. Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mediated downstream activation of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome signaling pathway actively participates during chronic inflammation. Nowadays, synergistic combinations of bioactive compounds attained priority in the field of drug discovery and development as therapeutic agents. An investigation regarding the anti-inflammatory potential of a novel drug formulation, BASk which is a combination of three bioactive compounds Betulinic acid (B):Apigenin (A):Skimmianine (Sk) remains the focus area of this research study. We also elucidate the molecular mechanism behind the therapeutic potential of BASk through CD36 mediated activation TLR2-NLRP3 signaling pathway. METHODS OxLDL induced hPBMCs used to screen out a suitable combination of BASk via MTT, COX, LOX, NOS and MPO assays. Hypercholesterolemia is induced in rabbits by supplementing with 1% cholesterol + 0.5% cholic acid and treated with BASk (2:2:1) (5 mg/Kg) and atorvastatin (10 mg/Kg) for 60 days. CD36, TLR2, NLRP3, NFκB, cytokines, endothelial damage were quantified by reverse transcription, real time PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry and histopathology. RESULTS hPBMCs pretreated with BASk at 2:2:1 ratio significantly decreased the activities of COX, 15-LOX, NOS and MPO on OxLDL induction than quercetin. Down regulation of CD36, TLR2, MyD88, TRAF6 by BASk further buttressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated by the transcription factor NFκB. This is in correlation with the effect of BASk by balancing pro (IL-1β, IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) mediators in the aortic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION BASk exerted its anti-inflammatory potential by reducing pro-inflammatory mediators during cholesterol supplementation via down regulating CD36 mediated TLR2 - NLRP3 inflammasome cascade. This deciphers a synergistic combination named BASk (2:2:1) as a novel drug formulation against chronic inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - I S Aswathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - S S Lal Preethi
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | - Monisha Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India
| | | | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 Kerala, India.
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Zeng J, Tao J, Xi L, Wang Z, Liu L. PCSK9 mediates the oxidative low‑density lipoprotein‑induced pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells via the UQCRC1/ROS pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:53. [PMID: 33576442 PMCID: PMC7895513 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the role and mechanisms of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells. For this purpose, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with oxLDL (100 µg/ml) for 24 h to induce pyroptosis, which was detected using PI/hoechst33342 double staining. The expression of pyroptosis-associated molecules was measured by western blot analysis and RT-qPCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane potential were examined through ROS probe and JC-1 staining, respectively. PCSK9 and mitochondrial ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 1 (UQCRC1) protein were knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA). PCSK9 was overexpressed by lentivirus. The results revealed that oxLDL induced HUVEC injury, pyroptosis and inflammatory factor release, and upregulated the expression of PCSK9 protein in the HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. The silencing of PCSK9 expression with siRNA suppressed the oxLDL-induced damage to HUVECs, the release of inflammatory substances and the occurrence of pyroptosis. In addition, oxLDL inhibited UQCRC1 expression, promoted mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and damaged mitochondrial function; however, these processes were reversed by the silencing of PCSK9. PCSK9 overexpression induced the pyroptosis of HUVECs, the generation of ROS and the disorder of mitochondrial function by inhibiting UQCRC1. Therefore, PCSK9 mediates the oxLDL-induced pyroptosis of vascular endothelial cells via the UQCRC1/ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Linzhen Xi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zuo Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Lushan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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44
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Li R, Sun N, Chen X, Li X, Zhao J, Cheng W, Hua H, Fukatsu M, Mori H, Takahashi H, Ohkawara H, Fukami M, Okamoto M, Hamazaki Y, Zheng K, Yang J, Ikezoe T. JAK2V617F Mutation Promoted IL-6 Production and Glycolysis via Mediating PKM1 Stabilization in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 11:589048. [PMID: 33628203 PMCID: PMC7897702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A substitution mutation of valine to phenylalanine at codon encoding position 617 of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene (JAK2V617F) has been detected in myeloid cells of some individuals with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin (IL)-6. However, the mechanisms by which JAK2V617F mutation mediating those cytokines remain unclear. We, therefore, established JAK2V617F-expressing murine macrophages (JAK2V617F macrophages) and found that the levels of p-STAT3 were markedly elevated in JAK2V617F macrophages in association with an increase in IL-6 production. However, inhibition of STAT3 by C188-9 significantly decreased the production of IL-6. Furthermore, the JAK2V617F mutation endowed macrophages with an elevated glycolytic phenotype in parallel with aberrant expression of PKM1. Interestingly, silencing of PKM1 inactivated STAT3 in parallel with reduced IL-6 production. In contrast, ectopic expression of PKM1 elevated IL-6 production via STAT3 activation. Importantly, the JAK2V617F mutation contributed to PKM1 protein stabilization via blockade of lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), indicating that the JAK2V617F mutation could protect PKM1 from CMA-mediated degradation, leading to activation of STAT3 and promoting IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Na Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wanpeng Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Masahiko Fukatsu
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Mori
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohkawara
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Fukami
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamoto
- Department of Hematology, YUASA Foundation Jusendo General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hamazaki
- Department of Hematology, Iwaki City Medical Center, Iwaki, Japan
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Takayuki Ikezoe
- The Department of Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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45
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da Silva IV, Whalen CA, Mattie FJ, Florindo C, Huang NK, Heil SG, Neuberger T, Ross AC, Soveral G, Castro R. An Atherogenic Diet Disturbs Aquaporin 5 Expression in Liver and Adipocyte Tissues of Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice: New Insights into an Old Model of Experimental Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:150. [PMID: 33557105 PMCID: PMC7913888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells is profoundly implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, the global leading cause of death. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels that facilitate water and glycerol transport across cellular membranes recently implicated in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Apolipoprotein-E deficient (apoE-/-) mice are a common model to study the progression of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the pattern of expression of AQPs in this atheroprone model is poorly characterized. In this study, apoE-/- mice were fed an atherogenic high-fat (HF) or a control diet. Plasma was collected at multiple time points to assess metabolic disturbances. At the endpoint, the aortic atherosclerotic burden was quantified using high field magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, the transcriptional levels of several AQP isoforms were evaluated in the liver, white adipocyte tissue (WAT), and brown adipocyte tissue (BAT). The results revealed that HF-fed mice, when compared to controls, presented an exacerbated systemic inflammation and atherosclerotic phenotype, with no major differences in systemic methylation status, circulating amino acids, or plasma total glutathione. Moreover, an overexpression of the isoform AQP5 was detected in all studied tissues from HF-fed mice when compared to controls. These results suggest a novel role for AQP5 on diet-induced atherosclerosis that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Courtney A. Whalen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Floyd J. Mattie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Cristina Florindo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Neil K. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sandra G. Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC University, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A. Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rita Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; (C.A.W.); (F.J.M.); (N.K.H.); (A.C.R.)
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46
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Delgado J, Ansorena D, Van Hecke T, Astiasarán I, De Smet S, Estévez M. Meat lipids, NaCl and carnitine: Do they unveil the conundrum of the association between red and processed meat intake and cardiovascular diseases?_Invited Review. Meat Sci 2021; 171:108278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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47
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Formanowicz D, Rybarczyk A, Radom M, Tanaś K, Formanowicz P. A Stochastic Petri Net-Based Model of the Involvement of Interleukin 18 in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228574. [PMID: 33202974 PMCID: PMC7696504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory and proatherogenic cytokine with pleiotropic properties, which is involved in T and NK cell maturation and the synthesis of other inflammatory cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. It plays a significant role in orchestrating the cytokine cascade, accelerates atherosclerosis and influences plaque vulnerability. To investigate the influence of IL-18 cytokine on atherosclerosis development, a stochastic Petri net model was built and then analyzed. First, MCT-sets and t-clusters were generated, then knockout and simulation-based analysis was conducted. The application of systems approach that was used in this research enabled an in-depth analysis of the studied phenomenon. Our results gave us better insight into the studied phenomenon and allow revealing that activation of macrophages by the classical pathway and IL-18-MyD88 signaling axis is crucial for the modeled process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Formanowicz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Rybarczyk
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.R.); (M.R.); (K.T.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Marcin Radom
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.R.); (M.R.); (K.T.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tanaś
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.R.); (M.R.); (K.T.)
| | - Piotr Formanowicz
- Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (A.R.); (M.R.); (K.T.)
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
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48
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Behl T, Bungau S, Kumar K, Zengin G, Khan F, Kumar A, Kaur R, Venkatachalam T, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Barsan G, Mosteanu DE. Pleotropic Effects of Polyphenols in Cardiovascular System. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110714. [PMID: 34321158 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of naturally occurring, polyphenol supplementations, on cardiovascular system. The present review emphasizes on the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disorders (involving heart and blood vessels), and overview of preclinical and clinical trials on polyphenols for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The review collaborates PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research gate databases, which were explored using keywords and their combinations such as polyphenols, cardiovascular disease, flavonoids, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk factors and several others, to create an eclectic manuscript. The potency and efficacy of these polyphenols are mainly depending upon the amount of consumption and bioavailability. Recent data showed that polyphenols also exert beneficial actions on vascular system by blocking platelet aggregation and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, reducing blood pressure, improving antioxidant defenses and alleviating inflammatory responses. Several studies evidently support the cardioprotective actions mediated by polyphenols, however, some studies or long-term follow-up of human studies, did not demonstrate decisive outcomes because of variations in dose regimen and lack of appropriate controls. Therefore, more data is required to explore the therapeutic benefits of bioactive compounds as a preventive therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania.
| | - Keshav Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 10 1 Decembrie Sq., Oradea, Romania
| | - Ghita Barsan
- "Nicolae Balcescu" Land Force Academy, Sibiu, Romania
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Platchek M, Lu Q, Tran H, Xie W. Comparative Analysis of Multiple Immunoassays for Cytokine Profiling in Drug Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:1197-1213. [PMID: 32924773 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220954389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and their receptors play critical roles in biological processes. Dysfunction or dysregulation of cytokines may cause a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Consequently, cytokine profiling and related technologies are essential for biological studies, disease diagnosis, and drug discovery. In this report, three cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), from the same sets of samples were analyzed with several commonly used technologies (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], Luminex, Meso Scale Discovery [MSD], time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer [TR-FRET], cytometric bead array [CBA], AlphaLISA, and FirePlex). Through experimental data analysis, several assay features were compared, including sensitivity, dynamic range, and robustness. Our studies reveal that MSD has the best sensitivity in the low detection limit and the broadest dynamic range, while CBA and Luminex also demonstrate superior performance in the sensitivity and dynamic range. Additional aspects of these technologies, including assay principles, formats, throughputs, robustness, costs, and multiplexing capabilities, were also reviewed and compared. Combining all these features, our comparison highlights MSD as the most sensitive technology, while CBA is the most suitable one for cytokine high-throughput screening with multiplexing capability. Along with perspectives on new technology development in the field, this report aims to help readers understand these technologies and select the proper one for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Platchek
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Quinn Lu
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Hoang Tran
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Wensheng Xie
- Novel Human Genetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Insights into pharmacological mechanisms of polydatin in targeting risk factors-mediated atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2020; 254:117756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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