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Zhou Y, Zhang D, Cheng H, Wu J, Liu J, Feng W, Peng C. Repairing gut barrier by traditional Chinese medicine: roles of gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1389925. [PMID: 39027133 PMCID: PMC11254640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1389925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut barrier is not only part of the digestive organ but also an important immunological organ for the hosts. The disruption of gut barrier can lead to various diseases such as obesity and colitis. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained much attention for its rich clinical experiences enriched in thousands of years. After orally taken, TCM can interplay with gut microbiota. On one hand, TCM can modulate the composition and function of gut microbiota. On the other hand, gut microbiota can transform TCM compounds. The gut microbiota metabolites produced during the actions of these interplays exert noticeable pharmacological effects on the host especially gut barrier. Recently, a large number of studies have investigated the repairing and fortifying effects of TCM on gut barriers from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolites. However, no review has summarized the mechanism behand this beneficiary effects of TCM. In this review, we first briefly introduce the unique structure and specific function of gut barrier. Then, we summarize the interactions and relationship amidst gut microbiota, gut microbiota metabolites and TCM. Further, we summarize the regulative effects and mechanisms of TCM on gut barrier including physical barrier, chemical barrier, immunological barrier, and microbial barrier. At last, we discuss the effects of TCM on diseases that are associated gut barrier destruction such as ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes. Our review can provide insights into TCM, gut barrier and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Shrestha A, Mehdizadeh Gohari I, Li J, Navarro M, Uzal FA, McClane BA. The biology and pathogenicity of Clostridium perfringens type F: a common human enteropathogen with a new(ish) name. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024:e0014023. [PMID: 38864615 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00140-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn the 2018-revised Clostridium perfringens typing classification system, isolates carrying the enterotoxin (cpe) and alpha toxin genes but no other typing toxin genes are now designated as type F. Type F isolates cause food poisoning and nonfoodborne human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which most commonly involve type F isolates carrying, respectivefooly, a chromosomal or plasmid-borne cpe gene. Compared to spores of other C. perfringens isolates, spores of type F chromosomal cpe isolates often exhibit greater resistance to food environment stresses, likely facilitating their survival in improperly prepared or stored foods. Multiple factors contribute to this spore resistance phenotype, including the production of a variant small acid-soluble protein-4. The pathogenicity of type F isolates involves sporulation-dependent C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) production. C. perfringens sporulation is initiated by orphan histidine kinases and sporulation-associated sigma factors that drive cpe transcription. CPE-induced cytotoxicity starts when CPE binds to claudin receptors to form a small complex (which also includes nonreceptor claudins). Approximately six small complexes oligomerize on the host cell plasma membrane surface to form a prepore. CPE molecules in that prepore apparently extend β-hairpin loops to form a β-barrel pore, allowing a Ca2+ influx that activates calpain. With low-dose CPE treatment, caspase-3-dependent apoptosis develops, while high-CPE dose treatment induces necroptosis. Those effects cause histologic damage along with fluid and electrolyte losses from the colon and small intestine. Sialidases likely contribute to type F disease by enhancing CPE action and, for NanI-producing nonfoodborne human GI disease isolates, increasing intestinal growth and colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mauricio Navarro
- Instituto de Patologia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, California, USA
| | - Bruce A McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Moon AN, Briand F, Breyner N, Song DK, Madsen MR, Kim H, Choi K, Lee Y, Namkung W. Improvement of NASH and liver fibrosis through modulation of the gut-liver axis by a novel intestinal FXR agonist. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116331. [PMID: 38428307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although FXR agonists effectively alleviate pathological features of NASH, adverse effects such as disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis and occurrence of pruritus remain to be addressed. Here, we identified a novel FXR agonist, ID119031166 (ID166), and explored the pharmacological benefits of ID166 in the treatment of NASH. ID166, a potent and selective non-bile acid FXR agonist, exhibits preferential distribution in the intestine and shows no agonist activity against potential itch receptors including Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4). Interestingly, ID166 significantly attenuated total nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity and liver fibrosis in a free choice diet-induced NASH hamster model. In addition, ID166 drastically modulated the relative abundance of five gut microbes and reduced the increase in plasma total bile acid levels to normal levels in NASH hamsters. Moreover, long-term treatment with ID166 significantly improved key histological features of NASH and liver fibrosis in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. In the NASH mouse livers, RNA-seq analysis revealed that ID166 reduced the gene expression changes associated with both NASH and liver fibrosis. Notably, ID166 exhibited no substantial effects on scratching behavior and serum IL-31 levels in mice. Our findings suggest that ID166, a novel FXR agonist with improved pharmacological properties, provides a preclinical basis to optimize clinical benefits for NASH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Na Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea; iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea
| | - François Briand
- Physiogenex, 280 rue de l'Hers, ZAC de la Masquère, Escalquens 31750, France
| | - Natalia Breyner
- Physiogenex, 280 rue de l'Hers, ZAC de la Masquère, Escalquens 31750, France
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea
| | | | - Hongbin Kim
- KINS, Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13505, South Korea
| | - Keonwoo Choi
- KINS, Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13505, South Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Lee
- iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea.
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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Liu Q, Wang Z, Sun S, Nemes J, Brenner LA, Hoisington A, Skotak M, LaValle CR, Ge Y, Carr W, Haghighi F. Association of Blast Exposure in Military Breaching with Intestinal Permeability Blood Biomarkers Associated with Leaky Gut. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3549. [PMID: 38542520 PMCID: PMC10971443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Injuries and subclinical effects from exposure to blasts are of significant concern in military operational settings, including tactical training, and are associated with self-reported concussion-like symptomology and physiological changes such as increased intestinal permeability (IP), which was investigated in this study. Time-series gene expression and IP biomarker data were generated from "breachers" exposed to controlled, low-level explosive blast during training. Samples from 30 male participants at pre-, post-, and follow-up blast exposure the next day were assayed via RNA-seq and ELISA. A battery of symptom data was also collected at each of these time points that acutely showed elevated symptom reporting related to headache, concentration, dizziness, and taking longer to think, dissipating ~16 h following blast exposure. Evidence for bacterial translocation into circulation following blast exposure was detected by significant stepwise increase in microbial diversity (measured via alpha-diversity p = 0.049). Alterations in levels of IP protein biomarkers (i.e., Zonulin, LBP, Claudin-3, I-FABP) assessed in a subset of these participants (n = 23) further evidenced blast exposure associates with IP. The observed symptom profile was consistent with mild traumatic brain injury and was further associated with changes in bacterial translocation and intestinal permeability, suggesting that IP may be linked to a decrease in cognitive functioning. These preliminary findings show for the first time within real-world military operational settings that exposures to blast can contribute to IP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkun Liu
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Zhaoyu Wang
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Shengnan Sun
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Nemes
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (C.R.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Care, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.A.B.); (A.H.)
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Hoisington
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Care, Department of Veterans Affairs, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (L.A.B.); (A.H.)
- Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA
| | - Maciej Skotak
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (C.R.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Christina R. LaValle
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (C.R.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Yongchao Ge
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Walter Carr
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA (C.R.L.); (W.C.)
| | - Fatemeh Haghighi
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; (Q.L.); (Z.W.); (S.S.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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5
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Park HY, Yu JH. Mitigation effect of hesperidin on X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114549. [PMID: 38442786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The tight junctions (TJs) and barrier function of the intestinal epithelium are highly sensitive to radiation. However, polyphenols can be used to reverse the effects of radiation. Here, we investigated the effects of hesperidin (hesperetin-7-rhamnoglucoside) on X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 monolayers. To examine whether hesperidin mitigated the effects of X-ray exposure (2 Gy), cell survival was evaluated and intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring the transepithelial flux, apparent permeability coefficient (Papp), and barrier integrity. Hesperidin improved the survival of Caco-2 cell monolayers and attenuated X-ray exposure-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. For fluorescein transport experiments, transepithelial flux and Papp of fluorescein in control group were significantly elevated by X-ray, but were restored to near control by 10 μM hesperidin pretreatment. Further, X-ray exposure decreased the barrier integrity and TJ interruption by reducing TJ-related proteins occludin and claudin-4, whereas cell monolayers pretreated with hesperidin before X-ray exposure were reinstated to control level. It was concluded that hesperidin treatment before X-ray exposure alleviated X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction through regulation of TJ-related proteins. These results indicate that hesperidin prevents and mitigates X-ray-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Young Park
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hee Yu
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
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6
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Abstract
The amoeba parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of human amebiasis, an enteropathic disease affecting millions of people worldwide. This ancient protozoan is an elementary example of how parasites evolve with humans, e.g. taking advantage of multiple mechanisms to evade immune responses, interacting with microbiota for nutritional and protective needs, utilizing host resources for growth, division, and encystation. These skills of E. histolytica perpetuate the species and incidence of infection. However, in 10% of infected cases, the parasite turns into a pathogen; the host-parasite equilibrium is then disorganized, and the simple lifecycle based on two cell forms, trophozoites and cysts, becomes unbalanced. Trophozoites acquire a virulent phenotype which, when non-controlled, leads to intestinal invasion with the onset of amoebiasis symptoms. Virulent E. histolytica must cross mucus, epithelium, connective tissue and possibly blood. This highly mobile parasite faces various stresses and a powerful host immune response, with oxidative stress being a challenge for its survival. New emerging research avenues and omics technologies target gene regulation to determine human or parasitic factors activated upon infection, their role in virulence activation, and in pathogenesis; this research bears in mind that E. histolytica is a resident of the complex intestinal ecosystem. The goal is to eradicate amoebiasis from the planet, but the parasitic life of E. histolytica is ancient and complex and will likely continue to evolve with humans. Advances in these topics are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Guillén
- Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-ERM9195, Paris, France
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7
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Fotros D, Sohouli M, Yari Z, Sakhdari H, Shafiekhani M, Nikoupour H, Jafarzadeh MA, Jafari K, Afiatjoo SS, Fatemi SA, Amiri M, Eghlimi H, Rabbani A, Broumandnia N, Mazdeh GM, Jafarian A, Hekmatdoost A. Vitamin D status as a predictor for liver transplant outcomes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21018. [PMID: 38030697 PMCID: PMC10687262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that vitamin D plays a pivotal role in immune system modulation; however, its role in liver transplantation (LT) has not yet been well elucidated. This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D status and LT outcomes. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 335 registered cirrhotic patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) who underwent LT during 2019-2021 and had measurement of serum vitamin D before LT. The association of vitamin D levels before LT with the odds of acute cellular rejection (ACR) and risk mortality was assessed by applying logistic and cox regression, respectively. The mean MELD-Na and serum level of vitamin D were 20.39 ± 9.36 and 21.52 ± 15.28 ng/ml, respectively. In the final adjusted model, there was a significant association between vitamin D deficiency in the pre-transplant period and odds of ACR (odds ratio [OR] 2.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50-4.68). Although in the crude model, vitamin D deficiency in the pre-transplant period was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality after two years of follow-up (Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.64, 95% CI 1.42-4.33), after adjustment for potential confounders, the association of vitamin D status and mortality became non-significant (HR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.71-3.00). The present study provides evidence that pre-transplant serum vitamin D levels may be a predictor for ACR in patients with cirrhosis undergoing LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Fotros
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Sohouli
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yari
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Sakhdari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiekhani
- Shiraz Organ Transplant Center, Abu-Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Nikoupour
- Shiraz Organ Transplant Center, Abu-Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Keynoosh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Amiri
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesameddin Eghlimi
- Department of General Surgery, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhassan Rabbani
- Department of General Surgery, Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Broumandnia
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Mahdavi Mazdeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jafarian
- Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Molotla-Torres DE, Guzmán-Mejía F, Godínez-Victoria M, Drago-Serrano ME. Role of Stress on Driving the Intestinal Paracellular Permeability. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9284-9305. [PMID: 37998758 PMCID: PMC10670774 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium is a polarized monolayer that exhibits apical and basolateral membrane surfaces. Monolayer cell components are joined side by side via protein complexes known as tight junction proteins (TJPs), expressed at the most apical extreme of the basolateral membrane. The gut epithelium is a physical barrier that determinates intestinal permeability, referred to as the measurement of the transit of molecules from the intestinal lumen to the bloodstream or, conversely, from the blood to the gut lumen. TJPs play a role in the control of intestinal permeability that can be disrupted by stress through signal pathways triggered by the ligation of receptors with stress hormones like glucocorticoids. Preclinical studies conducted under in vitro and/or in vivo conditions have addressed underlying mechanisms that account for the impact of stress on gut permeability. These mechanisms may provide insights for novel therapeutic interventions in diseases in which stress is a risk factor, like irritable bowel syndrome. The focus of this study was to review, in an integrative context, the neuroendocrine effects of stress, with special emphasis on TJPs along with intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Efrain Molotla-Torres
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico;
| | - Fabiola Guzmán-Mejía
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico
| | - Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México CP 11340, Mexico;
| | - Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso No. 1100, Ciudad de México CP 04960, Mexico
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Zhang Y, Belaid M, Luo X, Daci A, Limani R, Mantaj J, Zilbauer M, Nayak K, Vllasaliu D. Probing milk extracellular vesicles for intestinal delivery of RNA therapies. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:406. [PMID: 37924132 PMCID: PMC10623793 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral delivery remains unattainable for nucleic acid therapies. Many nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been investigated for this, but most suffer from poor gut stability, poor mucus diffusion and/or inefficient epithelial uptake. Extracellular vesicles from bovine milk (mEVs) possess desirable characteristics for oral delivery of nucleic acid therapies since they both survive digestion and traverse the intestinal mucosa. RESULTS Using novel tools, we comprehensively examine the intestinal delivery of mEVs, probing whether they could be used as, or inform the design of, nanoparticles for oral nucleic acid therapies. We show that mEVs efficiently translocate across the Caco-2 intestinal model, which is not compromised by treatment with simulated intestinal fluids. For the first time, we also demonstrate transport of mEVs in novel 3D 'apical-out' and monolayer-based human intestinal epithelial organoids (IEOs). Importantly, mEVs loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH) gene silencing in macrophages. Using inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as an example application, we show that administration of anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) siRNA-loaded mEVs reduced inflammation in a IBD rat model. CONCLUSIONS Together, this work demonstrates that mEVs could either act as natural and safe systems for oral delivery or nucleic acid therapies, or inform the design of synthetic systems for such application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyue Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Mona Belaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Xiang Luo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Armond Daci
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rinë Limani
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", 10000, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Komal Nayak
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Driton Vllasaliu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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10
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Bellini G, Benvenuti L, Ippolito C, Frosini D, Segnani C, Rettura F, Pancetti A, Bertani L, D'Antongiovanni V, Palermo G, Del Prete E, Antonioli L, Nardini V, Morganti R, Pellegrini C, Bernardini N, Ceravolo R, Fornai M, Bellini M. Intestinal histomorphological and molecular alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3440-3450. [PMID: 36263629 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Changes in gut microbiota composition, enteric inflammation, impairments of the intestinal epithelial barrier and neuroplastic changes in the enteric nervous system have been reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and could contribute to the onset of both neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, their mutual interplay has rarely been investigated. This study evaluated, in an integrated manner, changes in faecal microbiota composition, morphofunctional alterations of colonic mucosal barrier and changes of inflammatory markers in blood and stools of PD patients. METHODS Nineteen PD patients and nineteen asymptomatic subjects were enrolled. Blood lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP, marker of altered intestinal permeability) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels, as well as stool IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels, were evaluated. Gut microbiota analysis was performed. Epithelial mucins, collagen fibres, claudin-1 and S100-positive glial cells as markers of an impairment of the intestinal barrier, mucosal remodelling and enteric glial activation were evaluated on colonic mucosal specimens collected during colonoscopy. RESULTS Faecal microbiota analysis revealed a significant difference in the α-diversity in PD patients compared to controls, while no differences were found in the β-diversity. Compared to controls, PD patients showed significant chenags in plasma LBP levels, as well as faecal TNF and IL-1β levels. The histological analysis showed a decrease in epithelial neutral mucins and claudin-1 expression and an increased expression of acidic mucins, collagen fibres and S100-positive glial cells. CONCLUSIONS Parkinson's disease patients are characterized by enteric inflammation and increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability, as well as colonic mucosal barrier remodelling, associated with changes in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellini
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Medical Specialties, Neurology Unit, AOUP, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pancetti
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Gastroenterology, Tuscany North-West ASL, Pontedera Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nardini
- Anatomia Patologica 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Unit of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Kim HS, Oh H, Kim B, Ji Y, Holzapfel WH, Kang H. Multifunctional effects of Lactobacillus sakei HEM 224 on the gastrointestinal tract and airway inflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17918. [PMID: 37864021 PMCID: PMC10589218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissues serve as the first defense line and their commensal microbiota play a role in sustaining of host health. This study aimed to isolate and evaluate a putative probiotic strain on various mucosal regions. Lactobacillus sakei HEM 224 was isolated from traditional Korean kimchi and identified. In the safety assessment L. sakei HEM 224 showed negative results for hemolysis, biogenic amine production and transferable antibiotic resistance. The probiotic potential of strain HEM 224 in diverse mucosal areas was shown in two different models, viz. a murine model with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and an allergic airway inflammation model induced by ovalbumin (OVA). In the colitis model, oral administration of L. sakei HEM 224 improved colitis physiology with immunomodulation, enhancing barrier components and gut microbiota alteration. In the allergic airway inflammation model, the intranasal administration of the strain decreased type 2 inflammation and enhanced epithelial barrier integrity from the airways. These results demonstrate that L. sakei HEM 224 can ameliorate inflammatory conditions in both the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts through the reinforcement of the epithelial barrier and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Shin Kim
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 558, Handong-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
- HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Oh
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 558, Handong-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Yosep Ji
- HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea
| | - Wilhelm H Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, 558, Handong-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
- HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeji Kang
- HEM Pharma Inc., Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
- Global Green Research and Development Institute, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37554, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Trans-Compartmental Regulation of Tight Junction Barrier Function. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133880. [PMID: 36220768 PMCID: PMC10606786 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are the most apical components of junctional complexes in epithelial and endothelial cells. Barrier function is one of the major functions of TJ, which restricts the ions and small water-soluble molecules from passing through the paracellular pathway. Adherens junctions (AJs) play an important role in cell-cell adhesion and cell signaling. Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels regulating electrical and metabolic signals between cells. It is well known that TJ integral membrane proteins, such as claudins and occludins, are the molecular building blocks responsible for TJ barrier function. However, recent studies demonstrate that proteins of other junctional complexes can influence and regulate TJ barrier function. Therefore, the crosstalk between different cell junctions represents a common means to modulate cellular activities. In this review, we will discuss the interactions among TJ, AJ, and GJ by focusing on how AJ and GJ proteins regulate TJ barrier function in different biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Kollmann C, Buerkert H, Meir M, Richter K, Kretzschmar K, Flemming S, Kelm M, Germer CT, Otto C, Burkard N, Schlegel N. Human organoids are superior to cell culture models for intestinal barrier research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1223032. [PMID: 37849736 PMCID: PMC10577213 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1223032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function is a hallmark in digestive tract inflammation. The detailed mechanisms remain unclear due to the lack of suitable cell-based models in barrier research. Here we performed a detailed functional characterization of human intestinal organoid cultures under different conditions with the aim to suggest an optimized ex-vivo model to further analyse inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. Differentiated Caco2 cells as a traditional model for intestinal epithelial barrier research displayed mature barrier functions which were reduced after challenge with cytomix (TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-1ß) to mimic inflammatory conditions. Human intestinal organoids grown in culture medium were highly proliferative, displayed high levels of LGR5 with overall low rates of intercellular adhesion and immature barrier function resembling conditions usually found in intestinal crypts. WNT-depletion resulted in the differentiation of intestinal organoids with reduced LGR5 levels and upregulation of markers representing the presence of all cell types present along the crypt-villus axis. This was paralleled by barrier maturation with junctional proteins regularly distributed at the cell borders. Application of cytomix in immature human intestinal organoid cultures resulted in reduced barrier function that was accompanied with cell fragmentation, cell death and overall loss of junctional proteins, demonstrating a high susceptibility of the organoid culture to inflammatory stimuli. In differentiated organoid cultures, cytomix induced a hierarchical sequence of changes beginning with loss of cell adhesion, redistribution of junctional proteins from the cell border, protein degradation which was accompanied by loss of epithelial barrier function. Cell viability was observed to decrease with time but was preserved when initial barrier changes were evident. In summary, differentiated intestinal organoid cultures represent an optimized human ex-vivo model which allows a comprehensive reflection to the situation observed in patients with intestinal inflammation. Our data suggest a hierarchical sequence of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction starting with loss of intercellular adhesion, followed by redistribution and loss of junctional proteins resulting in reduced barrier function with consecutive epithelial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kollmann
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Buerkert
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Richter
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Kretzschmar
- Mildred-Scheel Early Career Centre (MSNZ) for Cancer Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Flemming
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kelm
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph-Thomas Germer
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Otto
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Natalie Burkard
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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14
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Martinez J, Rodriguez Hovnanian KM, Martinez EE. Biomarkers and Functional Assays of Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Critical Illness-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4052. [PMID: 37764835 PMCID: PMC10535972 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteral nutrition in critically ill children has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal dysfunction often impedes the timely initiation and advancement of enteral nutrition and can contribute to immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Therefore, assessing gastrointestinal function, at a cellular and functional level, is important to provide optimal enteral nutrition therapy and reduce the gastrointestinal tract's contribution to the inflammatory cascade of critical illness. In this narrative review, we present an overview of biomarker and functional assays for gastrointestinal dysfunction, including epithelial barrier disruption and gastrointestinal dysmotility, that have been considered for critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Martinez
- Rutgers, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - K. Marco Rodriguez Hovnanian
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Enid E. Martinez
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Chen Y, Tseng SH, Chen CY, Tsai YH. Application of Intestinal Barrier Molecules in the Diagnosis of Acute Cellular Rejection After Intestinal Transplantation. Transpl Int 2023; 36:11595. [PMID: 37745643 PMCID: PMC10514359 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosing acute rejection after intestinal transplantation currently heavily relies on histopathological analysis of graft biopsies. However, the invasive risks associated with ileoscopic examination and the inaccessibility for biopsy after ileostomy closure hinder real-time detection of rejection responses. Molecules comprising the intestinal barrier have been identified as physiological and molecular biomarkers for various bowel conditions and systemic diseases. To investigate the potential of barrier function-related molecules in diagnosing rejection after intestinal transplantation, plasma samples were collected longitudinally from transplant recipients. The samples were categorized into "indeterminate for rejection (IND)" and "acute rejection (AR)" groups based on clinical diagnoses at each time point. The longitudinal association between plasma levels of these barrier function-related molecules and acute rejection was analyzed using the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method. Logistic GEE models revealed that plasma levels of claudin-3, occludin, sIgA, and zonulin were independent variables correlated with the clinical diagnosis of acute rejection. The subsequent prediction model demonstrated moderate ability in discriminating between IND and AR samples, with a sensitivity of 76.0%, specificity of 89.2%, and accuracy of 84.6%. In conclusion, monitoring plasma levels of claudin-3, occludin, sIgA, and zonulin shows great potential in aiding the diagnosis of acute rejection after intestinal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hong Tseng
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Chen
- Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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16
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Fialova L, Barilly P, Stetkarova I, Bartos A, Noskova L, Zimova D, Zido M, Hoffmanova I. Impaired intestinal permeability in patients with multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023. [PMID: 37581230 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of recent studies have shown that the intestinal microbiome, part of the brain-gut axis, is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. An essential part of this axis, is the intestinal barrier and gastrointestinal disorders with intestinal barrier dysregulation appear to be linked to CNS demyelination, and hence involved in the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the intestinal barrier in patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) and clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) using two serum biomarkers, claudin-3 (CLDN3), a component of tight epithelial junctions, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), a cytosolic protein in enterocytes. METHODS Serum levels of CLDN3 in 37 MS patients and 22 controls, and serum levels of I-FABP in 46 MS patients and 51 controls were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Complete laboratory tests excluded the presence of gluten-related disorders in all subjects. Thirty MS patients received either disease-modifying drugs (DMD), immunosuppression (IS) or corticosteroid treatment. RESULTS CLDN3 levels were only significantly higher in the MS patients treated with DMD or IS compared to the control group (P=0.006). There were no differences in I-FABP serum levels between the groups. Serum CLDN3 levels did not correlate with serum I-FABP levels in CDMS, in CIS patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS In multiple sclerosis patients, the intestinal epithelium may be impaired with increased permeability, but without significant enterocyte damage characterized by intracellular protein leakage. Based on our data, CLDN3 serum levels appear to assess intestinal dysfunction in MS patients but mainly in treated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Fialova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Barilly
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Stetkarova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Noskova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Zimova
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zido
- Department of Neurology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Hoffmanova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol in Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Wen C, Geervliet M, de Vries H, Fabà L, den Hil PJRV, Skovgaard K, Savelkoul HFJ, Schols HA, Wells JM, Tijhaar E, Smidt H. Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:24. [PMID: 37041617 PMCID: PMC10088699 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus subrufescens is considered as one of the most important culinary-medicinal mushrooms around the world. It has been widely suggested to be used for the development of functional food ingredients to promote human health ascribed to the various properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities). In this context, the interest in A. subrufescens based feed ingredients as alternatives for antibiotics has also been fuelled during an era of reduced/banned antibiotics use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fermented feed additive -rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) of A. subrufescens-on pig intestinal microbiota, mucosal gene expression and local and systemic immunity during early life. Piglets received ROM or a tap water placebo (Ctrl) perorally every other day from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. Eight animals per treatment were euthanized and dissected on days 27, 44 and 70. RESULTS The results showed ROM piglets had a lower inter-individual variation of faecal microbiota composition before weaning and a lower relative abundance of proteobacterial genera in jejunum (Undibacterium and Solobacterium) and caecum (Intestinibacter and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001) on day 70, as compared to Ctrl piglets. ROM supplementation also influenced gut mucosal gene expression in both ileum and caecum on day 44. In ileum, ROM pigs showed increased expression of TJP1/ZO1 but decreased expression of CLDN3, CLDN5 and MUC2 than Ctrl pigs. Genes involved in TLR signalling (e.g., TICAM2, IRAK4 and LY96) were more expressed but MYD88 and TOLLIP were less expressed in ROM pigs than Ctrl animals. NOS2 and HIF1A involved in redox signalling were either decreased or increased in ROM pigs, respectively. In caecum, differentially expressed genes between two groups were mainly shown as increased expression (e.g., MUC2, PDGFRB, TOLLIP, TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in ROM pigs. Moreover, ROM animals showed higher NK cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated MLN cells before weaning. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that ROM supplementation in early life modulates gut microbiota and (local) immune system development. Consequently, ROM supplementation may contribute to improving health of pigs during the weaning transition period and reducing antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lluís Fabà
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J Roubos-van den Hil
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- DSM Food and Beverages - Fresh Dairy, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Meyer F, Wendling D, Demougeot C, Prati C, Verhoeven F. Cytokines and intestinal epithelial permeability: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103331. [PMID: 37030338 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal mucosa is composed of a well-organized epithelium, acting as a physical barrier to harmful luminal contents, while simultaneously ensuring absorption of physiological nutrients and solutes. Increased intestinal permeability has been described in various chronic diseases, leading to abnormal activation of subepithelial immune cells and overproduction of inflammatory mediators. This review aimed to summarize and evaluate the effects of cytokines on intestinal permeability. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases, up to 01/04/2022, to identify published studies assessing the direct effect of cytokines on intestinal permeability. We collected data on the study design, the method of assessment of intestinal permeability, the type of intervention and the subsequent effect on gut permeability. RESULTS A total of 120 publications were included, describing a total of 89 in vitro and 44 in vivo studies. TNFα, IFNγ or IL-1β were the most frequently studied cytokines, inducing an increase in intestinal permeability through a myosin light-chain-mediated mechanism. In situations associated with intestinal barrier disruption, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, in vivo studies showed that anti-TNFα treatment decreased intestinal permeability while achieving clinical recovery. In contrast to TNFα, IL-10 decreased permeability in conditions associated with intestinal hyperpermeability. For some cytokines (e.g. IL-17, IL-23), results are conflicting, with both an increase and a decrease in gut permeability reported, depending on the study model, methodology, or the studied conditions (e.g. burn injury, colitis, ischemia, sepsis). CONCLUSION This systematic review provides evidence that intestinal permeability can be directly influenced by cytokines in numerous conditions. The immune environment probably plays an important role, given the variability of their effect, according to different conditions. A better understanding of these mechanisms could open new therapeutic perspectives for disorders associated with gut barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Meyer
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Daniel Wendling
- Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France; EA 4266, EPILAB, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Céline Demougeot
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Clément Prati
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Frank Verhoeven
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France; Department of rheumatology, University Hospital Besançon, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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Raj V, Venkataraman B, Ojha SK, Almarzooqi S, Subramanian VS, Al-Ramadi BK, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Cis-Nerolidol Inhibits MAP Kinase and NF-κB Signaling Pathways and Prevents Epithelial Tight Junction Dysfunction in Colon Inflammation: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072982. [PMID: 37049744 PMCID: PMC10096091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the GI tract leads to compromised epithelial barrier integrity, which increases intestine permeability. A compromised intestinal barrier is a critical event that leads to microbe entry and promotes inflammatory responses. Inflammatory bowel diseases that comprise Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) show an increase in intestinal permeability. Nerolidol (NED), a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol, has potent anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical models of colon inflammation. In this study, we investigated the effect of NED on MAPKs, NF-κB signaling pathways, and intestine epithelial tight junction physiology using in vivo and in vitro models. The effect of NED on proinflammatory cytokine release and MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways were evaluated using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Subsequently, the role of NED on MAPKs, NF-κB signaling, and the intestine tight junction integrity were assessed using DSS-induced colitis and LPS-stimulated Caco-2 cell culture models. Our result indicates that NED pre-treatment significantly inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release, expression of proteins involved in MAP kinase, and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW macrophages and DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, NED treatment significantly decreased FITC-dextran permeability in DSS-induced colitis. NED treatment enhanced tight junction protein expression (claudin-1, 3, 7, and occludin). Time-dependent increases in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements reflect the formation of healthy tight junctions in the Caco-2 monolayer. LPS-stimulated Caco-2 showed a significant decrease in TEER. However, NED pre-treatment significantly prevented the fall in TEER measurements, indicating its protective role. In conclusion, NED significantly decreased MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and decreased tight junction permeability by enhancing epithelial tight junction protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Basel K. Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. BOX 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas E. Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B. Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chakraborty M, Gautam A, Das O, Masid A, Bhaumik M. Prenatal arsenic exposure stymies gut butyrate production and enhances gut permeability in post natal life even in absence of arsenic deftly through miR122-Occludin pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023; 374:19-30. [PMID: 36473683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This discourse attempts to capture a few important dimensions of gut physiology like microbial homeostasis, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, occludin expression, and gut permeability in post-natal life of mice those received arsenic only during pre-natal life. Adult Balb/c mice were fed with 4 ppm arsenic trioxide in drinking water during breeding and gestation. After the birth of the pups, the arsenic water was withdrawn and replaced with clean drinking water. The pups were allowed to grow for 28 days (pAs-mice) and age matched Balb/c mice which were never exposed to arsenic served as control The pAs-mice showed a striking reduction in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio coupled with a decrease in tight junction protein, occludin resulting in an increase in gut permeability, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the colon and decrease in common SCFAs in which butyrate reduction was quite prominent in fecal samples as compared to normal control. The above phenotypes of pAs-mice were mostly reversed by supplementing 5% sodium butyrate (w/w) with food from 21st to 28th day. The ability of butyrate in enhancing occludin expression, in particular, was dissected further. As miR122 causes degradation of Occludin mRNA, we transiently overexpressed miR122 by injecting appropriate plasmids and showed reversal of butyrate effects in pAs-mice. Thus, pre-natal arsenic exposure orchestrates variety of effects by decreasing butyrate in pAs-mice leading to increased permeability due to reduced occludin expression. Our research adds a new dimension to our understanding that pre-natal arsenic exposure imprints in post-natal life while there was no further arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Chakraborty
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Department of Algorithms in Bioinformatics, Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; International Max Planck Research School "From Molecules to Organisms'', Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring∼5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Oishika Das
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Aaheli Masid
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Moumita Bhaumik
- Division of Immunology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beleghata, Kolkata 700010, India.
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21
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McArthur S. Regulation of Physiological Barrier Function by the Commensal Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020396. [PMID: 36836753 PMCID: PMC9964120 DOI: 10.3390/life13020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of living organisms is their ability to separate the internal and external environments, a function achieved in large part through the different physiological barrier systems and their component junctional molecules. Barrier integrity is subject to multiple influences, but one that has received comparatively little attention to date is the role of the commensal microbiota. These microbes, which represent approximately 50% of the cells in the human body, are increasingly recognized as powerful physiological modulators in other systems, but their role in regulating barrier function is only beginning to be addressed. Through comparison of the impact commensal microbes have on cell-cell junctions in three exemplar physiological barriers-the gut epithelium, the epidermis and the blood-brain barrier-this review will emphasize the important contribution microbes and microbe-derived mediators play in governing barrier function. By extension, this will highlight the critical homeostatic role of commensal microbes, as well as identifying the puzzles and opportunities arising from our steadily increasing knowledge of this aspect of physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Blizard Institute, 4, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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22
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Livanova AA, Fedorova AA, Zavirsky AV, Krivoi II, Markov AG. Dose- and Segment-Dependent Disturbance of Rat Gut by Ionizing Radiation: Impact of Tight Junction Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021753. [PMID: 36675266 PMCID: PMC9863103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The damaging effect of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure results in the disturbance of the gut natural barrier, followed by the development of severe gastrointestinal injury. However, the dose and application segment are known to determine the effects of IR. In this study, we demonstrated the dose- and segment-specificity of tight junction (TJ) alteration in IR-induced gastrointestinal injury in rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a total-body X-ray irradiation at doses of 2 or 10 Gy. Isolated jejunum and colon segments were tested in an Ussing chamber 72 h after exposure. In the jejunum, 10-Gy IR dramatically altered transepithelial resistance, short-circuit current and permeability for sodium fluorescein. These changes were accompanied by severe disturbance of histological structure and total rearrangement of TJ content (increased content of claudin-1, -2, -3 and -4; multidirectional changes in tricellulin and occludin). In the colon of 10-Gy irradiated rats, lesions of barrier and transport functions were less pronounced, with only claudin-2 and -4 altered among TJ proteins. The 2-Gy IR did not change electrophysiological characteristics or permeability in the colon or jejunum, although slight alterations in jejunum histology were noted, emphasized with claudin-3 increase. Considering that TJ proteins are critical for maintaining epithelial barrier integrity, these findings may have implications for countermeasures in gastrointestinal acute radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Livanova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arina A. Fedorova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Zavirsky
- Department of Military Toxicology and Radiation Defense, S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, 194044 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor I. Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence:
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23
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Kim JE, Song HJ, Choi YJ, Jin YJ, Roh YJ, Seol A, Park SH, Park JM, Kang HG, Hwang DY. Improvement of the intestinal epithelial barrier during laxative effects of phlorotannin in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:1. [PMID: 36597137 PMCID: PMC9808941 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) are frequently observed in various digestive diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study assessed the improvement in the IEB during the laxative activity of phlorotannin (Pt) harvested from Ecklonia cava in constipation by examining the changes in the expression of the regulatory proteins for the tight junction (TJ) and adherens junction (AJ), and inflammatory cytokines in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lm)-induced constipation after a Pt treatment. RESULTS The Pt treatment induced laxative activity, including the improvement of feces-related parameters, gastrointestinal transit rate, and histological structure of the mid colon in Lm-treated SD rats. In addition, significant recovery effects were detected in the histology of IEB, including the mucus layer, epithelial cells, and lamina propria in the mid colon of Lm + Pt treated SD rats. The expression levels of E-cadherin and p120-catenin for AJ and the ZO-1, occludin, and Claudin-1 genes for TJ in epithelial cells were improved remarkably after the Pt treatment, but the rate of increase was different. Furthermore, the Pt treatment increased the expression level of several inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-13, and IL-4 in Lm + Pt treated SD rats. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence that the laxative activity of Pt in SD rats with Lm-induced constipation phenotypes involve improvements in the IEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Hee Jin Song
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Yun Ju Choi
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - You Jeong Jin
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Roh
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Ayun Seol
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
| | - Ju Min Park
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Veterinary Medical Center, Department of Veterinary Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute/Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463 Korea
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24
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The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:66-80. [PMID: 36334596 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier, which primarily consists of a mucus layer, an epithelial barrier, and a gut vascular barrier, has a crucial role in health and disease by facilitating nutrient absorption and preventing the entry of pathogens. The intestinal barrier is in close contact with gut microbiota on its luminal side and with enteric neurons and glial cells on its tissue side. Mounting evidence now suggests that the intestinal barrier is compromised not only in digestive disorders, but also in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, depression, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. After providing an overview of the structure and functions of the intestinal barrier, we review existing preclinical and clinical studies supporting the notion that intestinal barrier dysfunction is present in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and psychiatric disorders. On the basis of this evidence, we discuss the mechanisms that possibly link gut barrier dysfunction and CNS disorders and the potential impact that evaluating enteric barriers in brain disorders could have on clinical practice, in terms of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, in the near future.
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25
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Correa F, Luise D, Amatucci L, Palumbo F, Virdis S, Negrini C, Clavenzani P, Vecchi M, Mazzoni M, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effect of an Escherichia coli F4/F18 bivalent oral live vaccine on gut health and performance of healthy weaned pigs. Animal 2022; 16:100654. [DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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26
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Giri S, Uehara O, Takada A, Paudel D, Morikawa T, Arakawa T, Nagasawa T, Abiko Y, Furuichi Y. The effect of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the gut microbiome of mice in relation to aging. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1256-1266. [PMID: 36251393 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The translocation of oral bacteria, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, to the gut has been shown to alter gut microbiome. However, the effect of P. gingivalis on gut microbiome in relation to aging has not been demonstrated. We hypothesize that P. gingivalis has more detrimental effect on gut environment with increased age. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of P. gingivalis on gut environment using aged mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice aged 4 weeks (young) or 76 weeks (old) were divided into four groups: control-young, control-old, P. gingivalis-administered young, and P. gingivalis-administered old. P. gingivalis was orally administered thrice weekly for 5 weeks. At 30 days after the last P. gingivalis administration, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to study the gut microbiome. The mRNA and protein expression of intestinal junctional barrier molecules and the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum were evaluated. RESULTS Significant differences in the gut microbiomes between the groups, in terms of taxonomic abundance, bacterial diversity, and predicted metagenome function, were observed. A significant reduction in the alpha diversity and in the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Clostridiaceae, in the P. gingivalis-administered old mice was observed. The mRNA and protein levels of Claudin-1 and Claudin-2 in the intestine were significantly elevated, while E-cadherin was significantly downregulated in the P. gingivalis-administered old mice, as were the serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION The effect of P. gingivalis on the gut environment is more pronounced in old mice than in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Giri
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Durga Paudel
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Morikawa
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Arakawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Advanced Clinical Education, Department of Integrated Dental Education, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
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27
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Naser AN, Lu Q, Chen YH. Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64534. [PMID: 36314830 PMCID: PMC10460493 DOI: 10.3791/64534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium regenerates every 5-7 days, and is controlled by the intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) population located at the bottom of the crypt region. IESCs include active stem cells, which self-renew and differentiate into various epithelial cell types, and quiescent stem cells, which serve as the reserve stem cells in the case of injury. Regeneration of the intestinal epithelium is controlled by the self-renewing and differentiating capabilities of these active IESCs. In addition, the balance of the crypt stem cell population and maintenance of the stem cell niche are essential for intestinal regeneration. Organoid culture is an important and attractive approach to studying proteins, signaling molecules, and environmental cues that regulate stem cell survival and functions. This model is less expensive, less time-consuming, and more manipulatable than animal models. Organoids also mimic the tissue microenvironment, providing in vivo relevance. The present protocol describes the isolation of colonic crypts, embedding these isolated crypt cells into a three-dimensional gel matrix system and culturing crypt cells to form colonic organoids capable of self-organization, proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation. This model allows one to manipulate the environment-knocking out specific proteins such as claudin-7, activating/deactivating signaling pathways, etc.-to study how these effects influence the functioning of colonic stem cells. Specifically, the role of tight junction protein claudin-7 in colonic stem cell function was examined. Claudin-7 is vital for maintaining intestinal homeostasis and barrier function and integrity. Knockout of claudin-7 in mice induces an inflammatory bowel disease-like phenotype exhibiting intestinal inflammation, epithelial hyperplasia, weight loss, mucosal ulcerations, epithelial cell sloughing, and adenomas. Previously, it was reported that claudin-7 is required for intestinal epithelial stem cell functions in the small intestine. In this protocol, a colonic organoid culture system is established to study the role of claudin-7 in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University;
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University
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28
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Jiang F, Li S, Wang X, Deng Y, Peng S. DPP10-AS1-Mediated Downregulation of MicroRNA-324-3p Is Conducive to the Malignancy of Pancreatic Cancer by Enhancing CLDN3 Expression. Pancreas 2022; 51:1201-1210. [PMID: 37078946 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Network of long noncoding RNA-microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA is becoming increasingly pivotal roles in carcinogenesis mechanism. Herein, we aim to delineate the mechanistic understanding of dipeptidyl peptidase like 10-antisense RNA 1 (DPP10-AS1)/miRNA-324-3p/claudin 3 (CLDN3) axis in the malignancy of pancreatic cancer (PC). METHODS Microarray profiling and other bioinformatics methods were adopted to predict differentially expressed long noncoding RNA-miRNA-mRNA in PC, followed by verification of expression of DPP10-AS1, microRNA-324-3p (miR-324-3p), and CLDN3 in PC cells. The relationship among DPP10-AS1, miR-324-3p, and CLDN3 were further assessed. The PC cell invasion and migration were evaluated by scratch test and transwell assay. Tumor formation and lymph node metastasis were assessed in nude mice. RESULTS Highly expressed DPP10-AS1 and CLDN3 and poorly expressed miR-324-3p were identified in PC cells. The competitively binding between DPP10-AS1 and miR-324-3p was identified, and CLDN3 was targeted and downregulated by miR-324-3p. In addition, DPP10-AS1 was found to sequester miR-324-3p to release CLDN3 expression. DPP10-AS1 knockdown or miR-324-3p restoration diminished migration, invasion, tumor formation, microvessel density, and lymph node metastasis of PC cells, which was associated with CLDN3 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the study identified the regulatory role of DPP10-AS1/miR-324-3p/CLDN3 axis in PC, offering a mechanistic basis suggesting DPP10-AS1 ablation as a therapeutic target against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengru Jiang
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
| | - Sumei Li
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Chronic Non-infectious Disease, Xinhua Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou
| | - Yingzhao Deng
- From the Clinical Laboratory, Huadu Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University
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29
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Naser AN, Guiler W, Lu Q, Chen Y. Nanoarchitecture and molecular interactions of epithelial cell junction proteins revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:175-187. [PMID: 35819053 PMCID: PMC9588527 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are polarized with defined apical tight junctions (TJs), lateral adherens junctions (AJs), and basal integrin-matrix interactions. However, it is increasingly recognized that resident cell junction proteins can be found in varying locations and with previously unrecognized functions. Our study here presents the nanoarchitecture and nanocolocalization of cell junction proteins in culture and tissue by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM). The Z-axial view of noncancerous MDCK-II and PZ-HPV-7 cell-cell junctions resolved β-catenin and p120ctn localizations to TJs and AJs, with p120ctn apical to β-catenin and colocalizing with TJ protein claudin-7. More basally, p120ctn and β-catenin become colocalized. This topography was lost in isogenic Ras-transformed MDCK cells and cancerous PC3 cells, where p120ctn becomes basally localized in relation to β-catenin. Claudin-7 gene conditional knockout (cKO) in mice also have altered polarity of p120ctn relative to β-catenin, like that seen in normal-to-cancer cell phenotypic transformation. Additionally, claudin-7 cKO resulted in redistribution and relocalization of other cell junction proteins, including claudin-1, zonula occludens-1, integrin α2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK); specifically, integrin α2 and FAK were observed at the apical-lateral compartment. Our data show that STORM reveals regional cellular junction nanoarchitecture previously uncharacterized, providing new insight into potential trans-compartmental modulation of protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna N. Naser
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - William Guiler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Yan‐Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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Blais A, Lan A, Boluktas A, Grauso-Culetto M, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Davila AM. Lactoferrin Supplementation during Gestation and Lactation Is Efficient for Boosting Rat Pup Development. Nutrients 2022; 14:2814. [PMID: 35889770 PMCID: PMC9315504 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding protein found at relatively high concentrations in human milk. LF, which is little degraded in the infant intestinal lumen, is known to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of the small intestine epithelial cells. The present study was designed to evaluate in the rat model the effects of bovine LF (bLF) given to the mothers during gestation and lactation on the growth of the offspring. Female Wistar rats were randomly separated into two groups of animals that received from mating and during gestation and lactation a standard diet including or not including bLF (10 g/kg of diet). The pups' growth was determined up to postnatal day 17 (PND17), and parameters related to lean and fat mass, intestinal differentiation, intestinal barrier function, bone mineral density, osteoblast activity, and brain development were measured. In addition, metabolites in pup plasma were determined at PND17. bLF was detected in the plasma and milk of the supplemented mothers as well as in the pup plasma. Although the body weight of the pups in the two groups did not differ at birth, the pups recovered from the supplemented mothers displayed an increase body weight from PND12 up to PND17. At PND17 in the bLF group, increased small intestine epithelial cell differentiation was detected, and colon barrier function was reinforced in association with increased expression of genes coding for the tight-junction proteins. Regarding bone physiology, improved bone mineral density was measured in the pups. Lastly, the plasma metabolite analysis revealed mainly higher amino acid concentrations in the LF pups as compared to the control group. Our results support that bLF ingestion by the mother during gestation and lactation can promote pup early life development. The potential interest of supplementing the mothers with bLF in the case of risk of compromised early life development of the offspring in the context of animal and human nutrition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Blais
- AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (A.L.); (A.B.); (M.G.-C.); (C.C.); (F.B.); (A.-M.D.)
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31
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Ahlswede L, Siebenaller C, Junglas B, Hellmann N, Schneider D. Human Claudin-7 cis-Interactions Are Not Crucial for Membrane-Membrane (Trans-) Interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:908383. [PMID: 35832741 PMCID: PMC9271825 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.908383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Claudin-7 (Cldn7) is a member of the Claudin (Cldn) superfamily. In vivo, these proteins form tight junctions, which establish constricted connections between cells. Cldns oligomerize within the membrane plane (= cis-interaction), and also interact with Cldns from adjacent cells (= trans-interaction). Interactions of Cldns are typically studied in vivo and structural analyses of isolated Cldns are limited. Here, we describe heterologous expression in E. coli and purification of human Cldn7, enabling in vitro analyses of the isolated protein using detergent and model membrane systems. Cldn7 exists as a monomer, hexamer, and various higher oligomers in micelles. While only limited unfolding of the protein was observed in the presence of the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate, decreased ionic strength did affect Cldn7 cis-interactions. Furthermore, we identified two amino acids which mediate electrostatic cis-interactions and analyzed the impact of disturbed cis-interaction on trans-contacts via atomic force microscopy and monitoring Förster resonance energy transfer between fluorescently labeled Cldn7-containing proteoliposomes. Our results indicate that Cldn7 cis-oligomerization might not be a prerequisite for establishing trans-contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ahlswede
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Siebenaller
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Junglas
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Hellmann
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- *Correspondence: Dirk Schneider,
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Schälter F, Frech M, Dürholz K, Lucas S, Sarter K, Lebon L, Esser-von Bieren J, Dubey LK, Voehringer D, Schett G, Harris NL, Zaiss MM. Acetate, a metabolic product of Heligmosomoides polygyrus, facilitates intestinal epithelial barrier breakdown in a FFAR2-dependent manner. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:591-601. [PMID: 35671792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 2 billion people worldwide and a significant part of the domestic livestock are infected with soil-transmitted helminths, of which many establish chronic infections causing substantial economic and welfare burdens. Beside intensive research on helminth-triggered mucosal and systemic immune responses, the local mechanism that enables infective larvae to cross the intestinal epithelial barrier and invade mucosal tissue remains poorly addressed. Here, we show that Heligmosomoides polygyrus infective L3s secrete acetate and that acetate potentially facilitates paracellular epithelial tissue invasion by changed epithelial tight junction claudin expression. In vitro, impedance-based real-time epithelial cell line barrier measurements together with ex vivo functional permeability assays in intestinal organoid cultures revealed that acetate decreased intercellular barrier function via the G-protein coupled free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2, GPR43). In vivo validation experiments in FFAR2-/- mice showed lower H. polygyrus burdens, whereas oral acetate-treated C57BL/6 wild type mice showed higher burdens. These data suggest that locally secreted acetate - as a metabolic product of the energy metabolism of H. polygyrus L3s - provides a significant advantage to the parasite in crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier and invading mucosal tissues. This is the first and a rate-limiting step for helminths to establish chronic infections in their hosts and if modulated could have profound consequences for their life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schälter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Frech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dürholz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Lucas
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Sarter
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luc Lebon
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Center of Allergy and Environment, Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lalit K Dubey
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Centre of Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicola L Harris
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Department of Immunology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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Phillippi DT, Daniel S, Nguyen KN, Penaredondo BA, Lund AK. Probiotics Function as Immunomodulators in the Intestine in C57Bl/6 Male Mice Exposed to Inhaled Diesel Exhaust Particles on a High-Fat Diet. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091445. [PMID: 35563751 PMCID: PMC9101602 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies reveal a correlation between air pollution exposure and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet few studies have investigated the role of inhaled particulate matter on intestinal integrity in conjunction with a high-fat (HF) diet. Additionally, there is currently limited information on probiotics in mitigating air-pollutant responses in the intestines. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to inhaled diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and a HF diet can alter intestinal integrity and inflammation, which can be attenuated with probiotics. 4-6-w-old male C57Bl/6 mice on a HF diet (45% kcal fat) were randomly assigned to be exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration to 35 µg of DEP suspended in 35 µL of 0.9% sterile saline or sterile saline (CON) only twice a week for 4 w. A subset of mice was treated with 0.3 g/day of Winclove Ecologic® barrier probiotics (PRO) in drinking water throughout the duration of the study. Our results show that DEP exposure ± probiotics resulted in increased goblet cells and mucin (MUC)-2 expression, as determined by AB/PAS staining. Immunofluorescent quantification and/or RT-qPCR showed that DEP exposure increases claudin-3, occludin, zona occludens (ZO)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, and decreases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 expression compared to CON. DEP exposure + probiotics increases expression of claudin-3, occludin, ZO-1, TNF-α, and IL-10 and decreases MMP-9 and TLR-4 compared to CON + PRO in the small intestine. Collectively, these results show that DEP exposure alters intestinal integrity and inflammation in conjunction with a HF diet. Probiotics proved fundamental in understanding the role of the microbiome in protecting and altering inflammatory responses in the intestines following exposure to inhaled DEP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amie K. Lund
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(940)-369-8946; Fax: +1-(940)-565-4297
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Zaghloul MS, Elshal M, Abdelmageed ME. Preventive empagliflozin activity on acute acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats via modulation of SIRT-1/PI3K/AKT pathway and improving colon barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103833. [PMID: 35218923 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colon inflammation that is linked to exposure to environmental factors leading to improper immune responses to enteric microbes in genetically susceptible individuals. This study was designed to explore the possible protective impact of Empagliflozin (EMPA), an anti-diabetic sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in rats. METHOD Intrarectal instillation of AA (2 ml, 3% v/v) was used to induce UC. EMPA (10 & 30 mg/kg) was administered orally for 11 days. RESULTS EMPA successfully counteracted AA-induced UC that was manifested by improving colonic histopathological architecture concomitant with a marked decrease in disease activity index (DAI), colon weight, weight/length ratio, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Additionally, EMPA successfully restored the disrupted oxidant/antioxidants balance induced by AA. Moreover, EMPA significantly induced silent information regulator-1(SIRT-1) expression along with a significant reduction in phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6) expression in colonic tissues. Furthermore, EMPA successfully improved the colonic barrier that was appeared from the marked induction of tight junction proteins level (occludin and claudin-1). CONCLUSION EMPA successfully counteracted AA-induced UC in rats via the modulation of SIRT1/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB inflammatory pathway, normalizing oxidant/antioxidants balance, and improving the integrity of colon barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa S Zaghloul
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Elshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa E Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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35
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Pearce SC, Weber GJ, Doherty LA, Soares JW. Human
iPSC
Colon Organoid Function is Improved By Exposure to Fecal Fermentates. FASEB Bioadv 2022; 4:468-484. [PMID: 35812075 PMCID: PMC9254220 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The host–microbe interaction is critical for intestinal homeostasis. By‐products from microbial metabolism of unabsorbed dietary components have been studied increasingly as potential contributors to health and disease. In vitro fermentation systems provide a way to simulate microbial activity and by‐product production of the colon using human fecal samples. Objectives of the study were to determine how clarified supernatants from two different fermentation conditions affect markers of cell proliferation, differentiation, barrier function, and immune function in a human‐induced pluripotent (iPSC) colon organoid model. SCFA and BCFA's of the supernatants were analyzed and were similar to known in vivo concentrations. Molecular results showed 25% of the clarified supernatant from batch fermentation led to a more physiological intestinal phenotype including increased markers of differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase, chromogranin A, SCFA transport monocarboxylate transporter‐1, (6.2‐fold, 2.1‐fold, and 1.8‐fold, respectively; p < 0.05). Mucin production (mucin‐2, mucin‐4) was increased in cells treated with 25% supernatant, as observed by confocal microscopy. In addition, increased tight junction expression (claudin‐3) was noted by immunofluorescence in 25% supernatant‐ treated cells. A dose–response increase in barrier function was observed over the 72‐h time course, with a twofold increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in the 25% group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). To further investigate host effects, clarified supernatants from a continuous multistage fermentation representing the ascending (AC), transverse (TC), and descending (DC) colonic domains were utilized and some regional differences were observed including increased markers of inflammation (IL‐1β, 6.15 pg/ml; IL‐6, 27.58 pg/ml; TNFα, 4.49 pg/ml; p < 0.05) in DC‐treated samples only. Overall, clarified supernatants represent a valuable model to examine effects of microbial by‐products on host intestinal development and function and future efforts will be designed to further understand microbial communities and metabolites, along with additional host response measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Pearce
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
- Current address: USDA‐ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment 1015 N. University Blvd., Ames, IA 50011
| | - Gregory J. Weber
- Soldier Sustainment Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Effectiveness Directorate, Development Command Soldier Center Natick MA
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Kocot AM, Jarocka-Cyrta E, Drabińska N. Overview of the Importance of Biotics in Gut Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052896. [PMID: 35270039 PMCID: PMC8911280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased gut permeability is suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of a growing number of disorders. The altered intestinal barrier and the subsequent translocation of bacteria or bacterial products into the internal milieu of the human body induce the inflammatory state. Gut microbiota maintains intestinal epithelium integrity. Since dysbiosis contributes to increased gut permeability, the interventions that change the gut microbiota and correct dysbiosis are suggested to also restore intestinal barrier function. In this review, the current knowledge on the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics) in maintaining the intestinal barrier function is summarized. The potential outcome of the results from in vitro and animal studies is presented, and the need for further well-designed randomized clinical trials is highlighted. Moreover, we indicate the need to understand the mechanisms by which biotics regulate the function of the intestinal barrier. This review is concluded with the future direction and requirement of studies involving biotics and gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Maria Kocot
- Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Jarocka-Cyrta
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Regional Specialized Children’s Hospital, Żołnierska St. 18A, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Natalia Drabińska
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Burclaff J, Bliton RJ, Breau KA, Ok MT, Gomez-Martinez I, Ranek JS, Bhatt AP, Purvis JE, Woosley JT, Magness ST. A Proximal-to-Distal Survey of Healthy Adult Human Small Intestine and Colon Epithelium by Single-Cell Transcriptomics. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1554-1589. [PMID: 35176508 PMCID: PMC9043569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Single-cell transcriptomics offer unprecedented resolution of tissue function at the cellular level, yet studies analyzing healthy adult human small intestine and colon are sparse. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomics covering the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending, transverse, and descending colon from 3 human beings. METHODS A total of 12,590 single epithelial cells from 3 independently processed organ donors were evaluated for organ-specific lineage biomarkers, differentially regulated genes, receptors, and drug targets. Analyses focused on intrinsic cell properties and their capacity for response to extrinsic signals along the gut axis across different human beings. RESULTS Cells were assigned to 25 epithelial lineage clusters. Multiple accepted intestinal stem cell markers do not specifically mark all human intestinal stem cells. Lysozyme expression is not unique to human Paneth cells, and Paneth cells lack expression of expected niche factors. Bestrophin 4 (BEST4)+ cells express Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and show maturational differences between the small intestine and colon. Tuft cells possess a broad ability to interact with the innate and adaptive immune systems through previously unreported receptors. Some classes of mucins, hormones, cell junctions, and nutrient absorption genes show unappreciated regional expression differences across lineages. The differential expression of receptors and drug targets across lineages show biological variation and the potential for variegated responses. CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies novel lineage marker genes, covers regional differences, shows important differences between mouse and human gut epithelium, and reveals insight into how the epithelium responds to the environment and drugs. This comprehensive cell atlas of the healthy adult human intestinal epithelium resolves likely functional differences across anatomic regions along the gastrointestinal tract and advances our understanding of human intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Burclaff
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - R Jarrett Bliton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keith A Breau
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meryem T Ok
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ismael Gomez-Martinez
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jolene S Ranek
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy E Purvis
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John T Woosley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott T Magness
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Barany A, Oliva M, Gregório SF, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Dysregulation of Intestinal Physiology by Aflatoxicosis in the Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Front Physiol 2022; 12:741192. [PMID: 34987413 PMCID: PMC8722709 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.741192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin often present in food. This study aimed to understand the physiological effects of AFB1 on the seabream (Sparus aurata) gastrointestinal system. In a first in vitro approach, we investigated ion transport using the short-circuit current (Isc) technique in Ussing chambers in the anterior intestine (AI). Application of apical/luminal AFB1 concentrations of 8 and 16 μM to healthy tissues was without effect on tissue transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and apparent tissue permeability (Papp) was measured using fluorescein FITC (4 kD). However, it resulted in dose-related effects on Isc. In a second approach, seabream juveniles fed with different AFB1 concentrations (1 and 2 mg AFB1 kg−1 fish feed) for 85 days showed significantly reduced gill Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and H+-ATPase (HA) activities in the posterior intestine (PI). Moreover, dietary AFB1 modified Isc in the AI and PI, significantly affecting TER in the AI. To understand this effect on TER, we analyzed the expression of nine claudins and three occludins as markers of intestinal architecture and permeability using qPCR. Around 80% of the genes presented significantly different relative mRNA expression between AI and PI and had concomitant sensitivity to dietary AFB1. Based on the results of our in vitro, in vivo, and molecular approaches, we conclude that the effects of dietary AFB1 in the gastrointestinal system are at the base of the previously reported growth impairment caused by AFB1 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Barany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Milagrosa Oliva
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Silvia Filipa Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAN-CSIC), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Mancera
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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Beier LS, Piontek J, Piontek A, Protze J, Kobelt D, Walther W. Claudin-Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy for Claudin-Overexpressing Tumor Cells by Using Modified Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE). Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2521:173-188. [PMID: 35732998 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2441-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial toxins gain growing attention as potential cancer treatment due to their potent cytotoxic effects. Among the very different toxins with diverse modes of action, the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) is in focus to treat solid cancers. This toxin targets the tight junction proteins claudin-3 and -4 (Cldn-3/4), which are frequently overexpressed in solid cancers. Binding to these claudins induces pore formation in the host cell plasma membrane leading to rapid oncoleaking cell death of tumor cells. Based on this, extending the targeting of CPE beyond Cldn-3/4 is of interest, since other claudins, such as claudin-1 or -5 are often overexpressed in various cancer entities such as non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or papillary thyroid carcinoma. In this chapter we describe the modification of a CPE-encoding vector by structure-directed mutagenesis to either preferentially target Cldn-1 and -5 or to expand targeting to Cldn1-9 for improved broadened cytotoxic targeting of claudin-overexpressing tumors such as but not limited to lung cancer via CPE gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Sophie Beier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Charitè - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Piontek
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Protze
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Kobelt
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Lai Y, Sun M, He Y, Lei J, Han Y, Wu Y, Bai D, Guo Y, Zhang B. Mycotoxins binder supplementation alleviates aflatoxin B 1 toxic effects on the immune response and intestinal barrier function in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101683. [PMID: 35121530 PMCID: PMC8883060 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether a commercial mycotoxins-binder, XL, could effectively attenuate the negative effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on growth performance, immunological function, and intestinal health in birds. Two hundred forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments using a 2 × 2 factorial randomized design with 2 levels of dietary mycotoxins binder (0 or 2g /kg) and 2 AFB1 supplemented levels (0 or 200 μg/kg) from 0 to 42 d. Results showed that AFB1 exposure impaired growth performance by decreasing BWG in 1–21 d and 1–42 d, decreasing FI in 1–21 d, increasing FCR in 1–21 d and 1–42 d (P < 0.05). Broilers fed AFB1- contaminated diet impaired the immune function, as evident by decreasing IgA contents, Newcastle disease antibody titers in serum, and sIgA contents of jejunal mucosa at 21 d (P < 0.05). On the other hand, AFB1 challenge significantly increased the gene expression of proinflammatory factors in spleen at 21 d and liver at 42 d, and significantly decreased claudin-1 expression at 42 d and occludin expression at 21 d, and increased claudin-2 at 21 d in jejunum of broiler chickens (P < 0.05) compared to the basal diet group. Dietary XL supplementation significantly decreased the gene expression of IL-6 in spleen at 21 d and IL-1β in liver at 42 d, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in liver at 21 d of broilers (P < 0.05) compared with the nonsupplemented birds, regardless of AFB1 challenged or not. Inclusion of 2 g/kg XL increased serum ALB at 42 d, IgM and IgA at 42 d, Newcastle disease antibody titer level at 35 d (P < 0.05). Dietary XL addition enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of claudin-1 at 21 d and Occludin at 42 d (P < 0.05) in jejunum. Conclusively, 2 g/kg mycotoxins-binder can relieve the toxic effect of AFB1 on broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition Amersfoort 773811, The Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition Amersfoort 773811, The Netherlands
| | - Dongying Bai
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingkun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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41
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Pellegrini C, D'Antongiovanni V, Ippolito C, Segnani C, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Bernardini N. From the intestinal mucosal barrier to the enteric neuromuscular compartment: an integrated overview on the morphological changes in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34802221 PMCID: PMC8636839 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysfunctions represent the most common non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Of note, changes in gut microbiota, impairments of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), bowel inflammation and neuroplastic rearrangements of the enteric nervous system (ENS) could be involved in the pathophysiology of the intestinal disturbances in PD. In this context, although several review articles have pooled together evidence on the alterations of enteric bacteria-neuro-immune network in PD, a revision of the literature on the specific morphological changes occurring in the intestinal mucosal barrier, the ENS and enteric muscular layers in PD, is lacking. The present review provides a complete appraisal of the available knowledge on the morphological alterations of intestinal mucosal barrier, with particular focus on IEB, ENS and enteric muscular layers in PD. In particular, our intent was to critically discuss whether, based on evidence from translational studies and preclinical models, morphological changes in the intestinal barrier and enteric neuromuscular compartment contribute to the pathophysiology of intestinal dysfunctions occurring in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa.
| | - Vanessa D'Antongiovanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa.
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa.
| | - Cristina Segnani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology, University of Pisa.
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa.
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, University of Pisa.
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Histology; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa.
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42
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Dey P, Chaudhuri SR, Efferth T, Pal S. The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist - from fundamentals to future challenges. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:265-285. [PMID: 34610364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundamental understanding of the association between the intestine, and human health and disease. In line with increased interest of microbiota-dependent modulation of human health by dietary phytochemicals, we have also discussed the emerging concepts beyond the phytochemical bioactivities which emphasizes the integral role of microbial metabolites of parent phytochemicals at extraintestinal tissues. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and future prospects in defining the 3M interactions and has emphasized the fact that, it takes 'guts' to stay healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirshendu Pal
- Mukherjee Hospital, Mitra's Clinic and Nursing Home, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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43
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Čužić S, Antolić M, Ognjenović A, Stupin-Polančec D, Petrinić Grba A, Hrvačić B, Dominis Kramarić M, Musladin S, Požgaj L, Zlatar I, Polančec D, Aralica G, Banić M, Urek M, Mijandrušić Sinčić B, Čubranić A, Glojnarić I, Bosnar M, Eraković Haber V. Claudins: Beyond Tight Junctions in Human IBD and Murine Models. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682614. [PMID: 34867313 PMCID: PMC8635807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins are transmembrane proteins constituting one of three tight junction protein families. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disease activity–dependent changes in expression of certain claudins have been noted, thus making certain claudin family members potential therapy targets. A study was undertaken with the aim of exploring expression of claudins in human disease and two different animal models of IBD: dextrane sulfate sodium–induced colitis and adoptive transfer model of colitis. The expression of sealing claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-4, and claudin-8, and pore-forming claudin-2 in humans and rodents has been evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Claudins were expressed by epithelial and cells of mesodermal origin and were found to be situated at the membrane, within the cytoplasm, or within the nuclei. Claudin expression by human mononuclear cells isolated from lamina propria has been confirmed by Western blot and flow cytometry. The claudin expression pattern in uninflamed and inflamed colon varied between species and murine strains. In IBD and both animal models, diverse alterations in claudin expression by epithelial and inflammatory cells were recorded. Tissue mRNA levels for each studied claudin reflected changes within cell lineage and, at the same time, mirrored the ratio between various cell types. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) claudins are not expressed exclusively by epithelial cells, but by certain types of cells of mesodermal origin as well; 2) changes in the claudin mRNA level should be interpreted in the context of overall tissue alterations; and 3) both IBD animal models that were analyzed can be used for investigating claudins as a therapy target, respecting their similarities and differences highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Čužić
- Fidelta, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Snježana Čužić, ; Vesna Eraković Haber,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gorana Aralica
- School of Medicine, University Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Banić
- School of Medicine, University Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marija Urek
- School of Medicine, University Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Pathology Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Brankica Mijandrušić Sinčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Čubranić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | - Vesna Eraković Haber
- Fidelta, Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Snježana Čužić, ; Vesna Eraković Haber,
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44
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Kaminsky LW, Al-Sadi R, Ma TY. IL-1β and the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767456. [PMID: 34759934 PMCID: PMC8574155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier controls the paracellular permeation of contents from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal tissue and systemic circulation. A defective intestinal TJ barrier has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory diseases of the gut including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and celiac disease. Previous studies have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are produced during intestinal inflammation, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ, have important intestinal TJ barrier-modulating actions. Recent studies have shown that the IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is an important contributing factor of intestinal inflammation. The IL-1β-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability is mediated by regulatory signaling pathways and activation of nuclear transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, myosin light chain kinase gene activation, and post-transcriptional occludin gene modulation by microRNA and contributes to the intestinal inflammatory process. In this review, the regulatory role of IL-1β on intestinal TJ barrier, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the IL-1β modulation of intestinal TJ permeability, and the potential therapeutic targeting of the TJ barrier are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren W Kaminsky
- Section of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Rana Al-Sadi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Y Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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45
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In Vivo Healthy Benefits of Galacto-Oligosaccharides from Lupinus albus (LA-GOS) in Butyrate Production through Intestinal Microbiota. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11111658. [PMID: 34827656 PMCID: PMC8615603 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal digestive systems host microorganism ecosystems, including integrated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others, that produce a variety of compounds from different substrates with healthy properties. Among these substrates, α-galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are considered prebiotics that promote the grow of gut microbiota with a metabolic output of Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs). In this regard, we evaluated Lupinus albus GOS (LA-GOS) as a natural prebiotic using different animal models. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of LA-GOS on the gut microbiota, SCFA production, and intestinal health in healthy and induced dysbiosis conditions (an ulcerative colitis (UC) model). Twenty C57BL/6 mice were randomly allocated in four groups (n = 5/group): untreated and treated non-induced animals, and two groups induced with 2% dextran sulfate sodium to UC with and without LA-GOS administration (2.5 g/kg bw). We found that the UC treated group showed a higher goblet cell number, lower disease activity index, and reduced histopathological damage in comparison to the UC untreated group. In addition, the abundance of positive bacteria to butyryl-CoA transferase in gut microbiota was significantly increased by LA-GOS treatment, in healthy conditions. We measured the SCFA production with significant differences in the butyrate concentration between treated and untreated healthy groups. Finally, the pH level in cecum feces was reduced after LA-GOS treatment. Overall, we point out the in vivo health benefits of LA-GOS administration on the preservation of the intestinal ecosystem and the promotion of SCFA production.
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46
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Alizadeh A, Akbari P, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J, Braber S. Epithelial integrity, junctional complexes, and biomarkers associated with intestinal functions. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1996830. [PMID: 34719339 PMCID: PMC9359365 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1996830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact intestinal barrier is crucial for immune homeostasis and its impairment activates the immune system and may result in chronic inflammation. The epithelial cells of the intestinal barrier are connected by tight junctions, which form an anastomosing network sealing adjacent epithelial cells. Tight junctions are composed of transmembrane and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. Transmembrane tight junction proteins at the apical-lateral membrane of the cell consist of occludin, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and tricellulin. Cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, including zonula occludens, cingulin and afadin, provide a direct link between transmembrane tight junction proteins and the intracellular cytoskeleton. Each individual component of the tight junction network closely interacts with each other to form an efficient intestinal barrier. This review aims to describe the molecular structure of intestinal epithelial tight junction proteins and to characterize their organization and interaction. Moreover, clinically important biomarkers associated with impairment of gastrointestinal integrity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Alizadeh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Peyman Akbari
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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47
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Kojima T, Shindo Y, Konno T, Kodera Y, Arai W, Miyakawa M, Ohwada K, Tanaka H, Tsujiwaki M, Sakuma Y, Kikuchi S, Ohkuni T, Takano K, Watanabe A, Kohno T. Dysfunction of epithelial permeability barrier induced by HMGB1 in 2.5D cultures of human epithelial cells. Tissue Barriers 2021; 10:1972760. [PMID: 34538217 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2021.1972760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway and intestinal epithelial permeability barriers are crucial in epithelial homeostasis. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), increased by various stimuli, is involved in the induction of airway inflammation, as well as the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. HMGB1 enhances epithelial hyperpermeability. Two-and-a-half dimensional (2.5D) culture assays are experimentally convenient and induce cells to form a more physiological tissue architecture than 2D culture assays for molecular transfer mechanism analysis. In 2.5D culture, treatment with HMGB1 induced permeability of FITC-dextran into the lumen formed by human lung, nasal and intestinal epithelial cells. The tricellular tight junction molecule angulin-1/LSR is responsible for the epithelial permeability barrier at tricellular contacts and contributes to various human airway and intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we indicate the mechanisms including angulin-1/LSR and multiple signaling in dysfunction of the epithelial permeability barrier induced by HMGB1 in 2.5D culture of human airway and intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kojima
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuma Shindo
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kodera
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Wataru Arai
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyakawa
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,IBD Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kizuku Ohwada
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuhiro Tsujiwaki
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakuma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Kikuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohkuni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Watanabe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohno
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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48
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Effective Oncoleaking Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer by Claudin-Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy with Clostridium perfringens Enterotoxin (CPE). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174393. [PMID: 34503203 PMCID: PMC8431234 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Current therapies for pancreas carcinoma (PC) are of limited efficacy due to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance. Bacterial toxins with pore-forming (oncoleaking) potential are promising tools in cancer therapy. We have developed a novel, suicide gene therapy treatment, based on Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE)-mediated oncoleaking. This is achieved by CPE suicide gene therapy to treat PC, which overexpresses the claudin-3 and -4 (Cldn3/4) tight junction proteins, which are targets of CPE action. This targeted gene therapy causes rapid eradication of Cldn3/4 overexpressing PC cells via oncoleaking and initiation of apoptotic/necrotic signaling. We demonstrate efficacy of this approach in vitro and after nonviral in vivo gene transfer in cell lines and in patient derived xenograft PC models. This therapy approach has translational potential for treatment of pancreas carcinomas and could also be translated into new combination settings with conventional chemotherapy. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, associated with poor prognosis and restricted therapeutic options. Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), is a pore-forming (oncoleaking) toxin, which binds to claudin-3 and -4 (Cldn3/4) causing selective cytotoxicity. Cldn3/4 are highly upregulated in PC and represent an effective target for oncoleaking therapy. We utilized a translation-optimized CPE vector (optCPE) for new suicide approach of PC in vitro and in cell lines (CDX) and patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts (PDX) in vivo. The study demonstrates selective toxicity in Cldn3/4 overexpressing PC cells by optCPE gene transfer, mediated by pore formation, activation of apoptotic/necrotic signaling in vitro, induction of necrosis and of bystander tumor cell killing in vivo. The optCPE non-viral intratumoral in vivo jet-injection gene therapy shows targeted antitumoral efficacy in different CDX and PDX PC models, leading to reduced tumor viability and induction of tumor necrosis, which is further enhanced if combined with chemotherapy. This selective oncoleaking suicide gene therapy improves therapeutic efficacy in pancreas carcinoma and will be of value for better local control, particularly of unresectable or therapy refractory PC.
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49
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Shen SR, Chen WJ, Chu HF, Wu SH, Wang YR, Shen TL. Amelioration of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis by Streptococcus thermophilus ST4 in a mouse model. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253540. [PMID: 34310611 PMCID: PMC8312939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a commonly encountered toxic side effect in patients undergoing 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. Numerous studies have shown that probiotics enable improving chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis, but the beneficial effects of probiotics differ depending on the strain. Therefore, in the present studies we suggest that S. thermophilus ST4 separated from raw milk may assess mucoprotective activity in 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. In our causal-comparative study design, fifteen mice were randomized assigned into three groups (n = 5/each group): control group, 5-FU group and 5-FU+S. thermophilus ST4 group. The control group was orally administrated saline only, and the 5-FU group was followed by intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU for 3 days after 10-day saline administration, and the 5-FU+S. thermophilus ST4 group was intragastrically subjected for S. thermophilus ST4 once per day during the whole experiment, starting from the first day of the experiment, followed by 5-FU intraperitoneal injection for 3 days after 10-day S. thermophilus ST4 pretreatment. Diarrhea score, pro-inflammatory cytokines serum levels, intestinal histopathology and short chain fatty acid were assessed. Here, we demonstrated the beneficial effects of S. thermophilus ST4 derived from raw milk against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis, including body weight reduction, appetite loss and diarrhea. Intrinsically, S. thermophilus ST4 effectively maintained epithelium structure in small intestines and colons as well as reduced the intestinal inflammation. Besides, S. thermophilus ST4 significantly increased the expression of acetic acid, reinforcing the muco-protective effects. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that S. thermophilus ST4 supplementation ameliorates 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis. This suggests probiotic may serve as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention or management of 5-FU-induced mucositis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Ru Shen
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Syngen Biotech Co., Ltd., Tainan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Management, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Ru Wang
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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50
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Ali MFZ, Kameda K, Kondo F, Iwai T, Kurniawan RA, Ohta T, Ido A, Takahashi T, Miura C, Miura T. Effects of dietary silkrose of Antheraea yamamai on gene expression profiling and disease resistance to Edwardsiella tarda in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:207-217. [PMID: 33965522 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel acidic polysaccharide, silkrose-AY, from the Japanese oak silkmoth (Antheraea yamamai), which can activate an innate immune response in mouse macrophage cells. However, innate immune responses stimulated by silkrose-AY in teleosts remain unclear. Here, we show the influence of dietary silkrose-AY in medaka (Oryzias latipes), a teleost model, in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection. Dietary silkrose-AY significantly improved the survival of fish and decreased the number of bacteria in their kidneys after the fish were artificially infected with E. tarda by immersion. We also performed a microarray analysis of the intestine, which serves as a primary barrier against microbial infection, to understand the profiles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) evoked by silkrose-AY. The dietary silkrose-AY group showed differential expression of 2930 genes when compared with the control group prior to E. tarda infection. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of the DEGs highlighted several putative genes involved in pathogen attachment/recognition, the complement and coagulation cascade, antimicrobial peptides/enzymes, opsonization/phagocytosis, and epithelial junctional modification. Our findings thus provide fundamental information to help understand the molecular mechanism of bacterial protection offered by insect-derived immunostimulatory polysaccharides in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fariz Zahir Ali
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kenta Kameda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Kondo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Iwai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Rio Aditya Kurniawan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohta
- South Ehime Fisheries Research Center, Ehime University, 1289-1, Funakoshi, Ainan, Ehime, 798-4292, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ido
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Takayuki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Chiemi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan; Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima, 731-5193, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7, Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan.
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