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Ran Z, Yang J, Liu L, Wu S, An Y, Hou W, Cheng T, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Wan J, Li X, Xing B, Ye Y, Xu P, Chen Z, Zhao J, Li R. Chronic PM 2.5 exposure disrupts intestinal barrier integrity via microbial dysbiosis-triggered TLR2/5-MyD88-NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119415. [PMID: 38906446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PM2.5, a known public health risk, is increasingly linked to intestinal disorders, however, the mechanisms of its impact are not fully understood. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the impact of chronic PM2.5 exposure on intestinal barrier integrity and to uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to either concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CPM) or filtered air (FA) for six months to simulate urban pollution conditions. We evaluated intestinal barrier damage, microbial shifts, and metabolic changes through histopathology, metagenomics, and metabolomics. Analysis of the TLR signaling pathway was also conducted. RESULTS The mean concentration of PM2.5 in the CPM exposure chamber was consistently measured at 70.9 ± 26.8 μg/m³ throughout the study period. Our findings show that chronic CPM exposure significantly compromises intestinal barrier integrity, as indicated by reduced expression of the key tight junction proteins Occludin and Tjp1/Zo-1. Metagenomic sequencing revealed significant shifts in the microbial landscape, identifying 35 differentially abundant species. Notably, there was an increase in pro-inflammatory nongastric Helicobacter species and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus intestinalis, Lactobacillus sp. ASF360, and Eubacterium rectale. Metabolomic analysis further identified 26 significantly altered metabolites commonly associated with intestinal diseases. A strong correlation between altered bacterial species and metabolites was also observed. For example, 4 Helicobacter species all showed positive correlations with 13 metabolites, including Lactate, Bile acids, Pyruvate and Glutamate. Additionally, increased expression levels of TLR2, TLR5, Myd88, and NLRP3 proteins were noted, and their expression patterns showed a strong correlation, suggesting a possible involvement of the TLR2/5-MyD88-NLRP3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Chronic CPM exposure induces intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, metabolic imbalance, and activation of the TLR2/5-MyD88-NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings highlight the urgent need for intervention strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects of air pollution on intestinal health and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ran
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jingcheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine, 115 Jiaoxi Road, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tinglin Hospital of Jinshan District, No. 80 Siping North Road, Shanghai 201505, China
| | - YanPeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wanwan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tianyuan Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Youyi Zhang
- School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yechao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qianyue Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiaping Wan
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Baoling Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Yuchen Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Penghao Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Insitute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhenghu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Zhoupu Hospital, Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 279 Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Rui Li
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostic & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Kim J, Rouadi PW. The Relationship of Climate Change to Rhinitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1479-1483. [PMID: 38636591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that climate change is having a significant impact on exacerbations of rhinitis. Concomitantly, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is increasing at an accelerated rate. We herein explore the impact of carbon dioxide, barometric pressure and humidity changes, and anthropogenic pollutants on aeroallergens and rhinitis hypersensitivity. Important immune mechanisms underlying the climate-driven effects on rhinitis are discussed. Also, climate change is shifting ecological zones and seasons, increasing weather extremes, and altering regional atmospheric and environmental conditions. The direct impact of these factors on promoting allergic and nonallergic rhinitis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Medicine: Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Philip W Rouadi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Huang ZQ, Liu J, Sun LY, Ong HH, Ye J, Xu Y, Wang DY. Updated epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis: Targeting pathophysiology and treatment response of tight junctions. Allergy 2024; 79:1146-1165. [PMID: 38372149 DOI: 10.1111/all.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) proteins establish a physical barrier between epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis by safeguarding host tissues against pathogens, allergens, antigens, irritants, etc. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of TJs plays an essential role in the development and progression of inflammatory airway diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps. Among them, CRS with nasal polyps is a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease that affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to a poor prognosis and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Its pathogenesis primarily involves dysfunction of the nasal epithelial barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, disordered immune response, and excessive tissue remodeling. Numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of TJs in both the pathogenesis and response to traditional therapies in CRS. We therefore to review and discuss potential factors contributing to impair and repair of TJs in the nasal epithelium based on their structure, function, and formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Chivé C, Martίn-Faivre L, Eon-Bertho A, Alwardini C, Degrouard J, Albinet A, Noyalet G, Chevaillier S, Maisonneuve F, Sallenave JM, Devineau S, Michoud V, Garcia-Verdugo I, Baeza-Squiban A. Exposure to PM 2.5 modulate the pro-inflammatory and interferon responses against influenza virus infection in a human 3D bronchial epithelium model. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123781. [PMID: 38492752 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showed a positive association between exposure to PM2.5 and the severity of influenza virus infection. However, the mechanisms by which PM2.5 can disrupt antiviral defence are still unclear. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on antiviral signalling in the respiratory epithelium using the bronchial Calu-3 cell line grown at the air-liquid interface. Pre-exposure to PM2.5 before infection with the influenza virus was investigated, as well as a co-exposure. Although a physical interaction between the virus and the particles seems possible, no effect of PM2.5 on viral replication was observed during co-exposure, although a downregulation of IFN-β release was associated to PM2.5 exposure. However, pre-exposure slightly increased the viral nucleoprotein production and the pro-inflammatory response. Conversely, the level of the myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induced by IFN-β, was reduced. Therefore, these results suggest that pre-exposure to PM2.5 could alter the antiviral response of bronchial epithelial cells, increasing their susceptibility to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chivé
- Université Paris Cité, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR8251-CNRS, Paris, France; French Environment and Energy Management Agency 20, Avenue Du Grésillé - BP, 90406 49004, Angers, France
| | - Lydie Martίn-Faivre
- Université Paris Cité, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1152-PHERE, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Alice Eon-Bertho
- Université Paris Cité, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR8251-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Alwardini
- Université Paris Cité, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR8251-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jéril Degrouard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Alexandre Albinet
- Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Gael Noyalet
- Université Paris Cité and Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Servanne Chevaillier
- Université Paris Cité and Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Franck Maisonneuve
- Université Paris Est Créteil and Université Paris Cité, CNRS, LISA, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Université Paris Cité, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1152-PHERE, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Devineau
- Université Paris Cité, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR8251-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Michoud
- Université Paris Cité and Université Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio Garcia-Verdugo
- Université Paris Cité, Inflamex Excellence Laboratory, INSERM UMR-1152-PHERE, F-75018, Paris, France.
| | - Armelle Baeza-Squiban
- Université Paris Cité, Functional and Adaptive Biology Unit, UMR8251-CNRS, Paris, France
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Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, Alahmad B, Mmbaga BT, Masenga GG, Sampath V, Christiani DC, Haahtela T, Renz H. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1194-1205. [PMID: 38309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss significantly disrupt the functioning of the human immune system. These exposures manifest in a broad range of stimuli, including antigens, allergens, heat stress, pollutants, microbiota changes, and other toxic substances. Such exposures pose a direct and indirect threat to our body's primary line of defense, the epithelial barrier, affecting its physical integrity and functional efficacy. Furthermore, these climate-related environmental stressors can hyperstimulate the innate immune system and influence adaptive immunity-notably, in terms of developing and preserving immune tolerance. The loss or failure of immune tolerance can instigate a wide spectrum of noncommunicable diseases such as autoimmune conditions, allergy, respiratory illnesses, metabolic diseases, obesity, and others. As new evidence unfolds, there is a need for additional research in climate change and immunology that covers diverse environments in different global settings and uses modern biologic and epidemiologic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard G Masenga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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6
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Kayalar Ö, Rajabi H, Konyalilar N, Mortazavi D, Aksoy GT, Wang J, Bayram H. Impact of particulate air pollution on airway injury and epithelial plasticity; underlying mechanisms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324552. [PMID: 38524119 PMCID: PMC10957538 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution plays an important role in the mortality and morbidity of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Particulate matter (PM) is a significant fraction of air pollutants, and studies have demonstrated that it can cause airway inflammation and injury. The airway epithelium forms the first barrier of defense against inhaled toxicants, such as PM. Airway epithelial cells clear airways from inhaled irritants and orchestrate the inflammatory response of airways to these irritants by secreting various lipid mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Studies suggest that PM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases by impairing mucociliary function, deteriorating epithelial barrier integrity, and inducing the production of inflammatory mediators while modulating the proliferation and death of airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, PM can modulate epithelial plasticity and airway remodeling, which play central roles in asthma and COPD. This review focuses on the effects of PM on airway injury and epithelial plasticity, and the underlying mechanisms involving mucociliary activity, epithelial barrier function, airway inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgecan Kayalar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Deniz Mortazavi
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Tuşe Aksoy
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biomedicine and Biopharmacology, School of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, School of Medicine, Koç University, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul, Türkiye
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7
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Lu HF, Zhou YC, Yang LT, Zhou Q, Wang XJ, Qiu SQ, Cheng BH, Zeng XH. Involvement and repair of epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348272. [PMID: 38361946 PMCID: PMC10867171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The epithelial barrier serves as a critical defense mechanism separating the human body from the external environment, fulfilling both physical and immune functions. This barrier plays a pivotal role in shielding the body from environmental risk factors such as allergens, pathogens, and pollutants. However, since the 19th century, the escalating threats posed by environmental pollution, global warming, heightened usage of industrial chemical products, and alterations in biodiversity have contributed to a noteworthy surge in allergic disease incidences. Notably, allergic diseases frequently exhibit dysfunction in the epithelial barrier. The proposed epithelial barrier hypothesis introduces a novel avenue for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. Despite increased attention to the role of barrier dysfunction in allergic disease development, numerous questions persist regarding the mechanisms underlying the disruption of normal barrier function. Consequently, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier's role in allergic diseases, encompassing influencing factors, assessment techniques, and repair methodologies. By doing so, it seeks to present innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fei Lu
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Chi Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital (Longgang), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Tao Yang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xi-Jia Wang
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shu-Qi Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bao-Hui Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- Department of Graduate and Scientific Research, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Otolaryngology Hospital & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology, Institute of Otolaryngology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid application dosing alters the physiology of air-liquid interface (ALI) primary human bronchial epithelial cell/lung fibroblast co-cultures and in vitro testing relevant endpoints. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 5:1264331. [PMID: 38464699 PMCID: PMC10922929 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1264331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiated primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M. Mallek
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lisa A. Dailey
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shaun D. McCullough
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Exposure and Protection, RTI International, Durham, NC, United States
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9
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Zaręba Ł, Piszczatowska K, Dżaman K, Soroczynska K, Motamedi P, Szczepański MJ, Ludwig N. The Relationship between Fine Particle Matter (PM2.5) Exposure and Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases. J Pers Med 2024; 14:98. [PMID: 38248800 PMCID: PMC10817350 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PM2.5 is one of the most harmful components of airborne pollution and includes particles with diameters of less than 2.5 μm. Almost 90% of the world's population lives in areas with poor air quality exceeding the norms established by the WHO. PM2.5 exposure affects various organs and systems of the human body including the upper respiratory tract which is one of the most prone to its adverse effects. PM2.5 can disrupt nasal epithelial cell metabolism, decrease the integrity of the epithelial barrier, affect mucociliary clearance, and alter the inflammatory process in the nasal mucosa. Those effects may increase the chance of developing upper respiratory tract diseases in areas with high PM2.5 pollution. PM2.5's contribution to allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinosinusitis was recently thoroughly investigated. Numerous studies demonstrated various mechanisms that occur when subjects with AR or rhinosinusitis are exposed to PM2.5. Various immunological changes and alterations in the nasal and sinonasal epithelia were reported. These changes may contribute to the observations that exposure to higher PM2.5 concentrations may increase AR and rhinosinusitis symptoms in patients and the number of clinical visits. Thus, studying novel strategies against PM2.5 has recently become the focus of researchers' attention. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of PM2.5 on healthy upper respiratory tract mucosa and PM2.5's contribution to AR and rhinosinusitis. Finally, we summarize the current advances in developing strategies against PM2.5 particles' effects on the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zaręba
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (K.P.); (K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Piszczatowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (K.P.); (K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Karolina Dżaman
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina Soroczynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (K.P.); (K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Parham Motamedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (K.P.); (K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Mirosław J. Szczepański
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (K.P.); (K.S.); (P.M.)
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Mussalo L, Avesani S, Shahbaz MA, Závodná T, Saveleva L, Järvinen A, Lampinen R, Belaya I, Krejčík Z, Ivanova M, Hakkarainen H, Kalapudas J, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Koivisto AM, Malm T, Topinka J, Giugno R, Aakko-Saksa P, Chew S, Rönkkö T, Jalava P, Kanninen KM. Emissions from modern engines induce distinct effects in human olfactory mucosa cells, depending on fuel and aftertreatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167038. [PMID: 37709087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particles (UFP) with a diameter of ≤0.1 μm, are contributors to ambient air pollution and derived mainly from traffic emissions, yet their health effects remain poorly characterized. The olfactory mucosa (OM) is located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity and directly exposed to both the environment and the brain. Mounting evidence suggests that pollutant particles affect the brain through the olfactory tract, however, the exact cellular mechanisms of how the OM responds to air pollutants remain poorly known. Here we show that the responses of primary human OM cells are altered upon exposure to UFPs and that different fuels and engines elicit different adverse effects. We used UFPs collected from exhausts of a heavy-duty-engine run with renewable diesel (A0) and fossil diesel (A20), and from a modern diesel vehicle run with renewable diesel (Euro6) and compared their health effects on the OM cells by assessing cellular processes on the functional and transcriptomic levels. Quantification revealed all samples as UFPs with the majority of particles being ≤0.1 μm by an aerodynamic diameter. Exposure to A0 and A20 induced substantial alterations in processes associated with inflammatory response, xenobiotic metabolism, olfactory signaling, and epithelial integrity. Euro6 caused only negligible changes, demonstrating the efficacy of aftertreatment devices. Furthermore, when compared to A20, A0 elicited less pronounced effects on OM cells, suggesting renewable diesel induces less adverse effects in OM cells. Prior studies and these results suggest that PAHs may disturb the inflammatory process and xenobiotic metabolism in the OM and that UFPs might mediate harmful effects on the brain through the olfactory route. This study provides important information on the adverse effects of UFPs in a human-based in vitro model, therefore providing new insight to form the basis for mitigation and preventive actions against the possible toxicological impairments caused by UFP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mussalo
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simone Avesani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Táňa Závodná
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Liudmila Saveleva
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Järvinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Irina Belaya
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Zdeněk Krejčík
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Ivanova
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Hakkarainen
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Kalapudas
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Topinka
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Epigenetics, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rosalba Giugno
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Sweelin Chew
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Topi Rönkkö
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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11
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Lee MKH, Lim HK, Su C, Koh JYC, Setyawati MI, Ng KW, Hou HW, Tay CY. 3D Airway Epithelial-Fibroblast Biomimetic Microfluidic Platform to Unravel Engineered Nanoparticle-Induced Acute Stress Responses as Exposome Determinants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19223-19235. [PMID: 37933439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Insights into how biological systems respond to high- and low-dose acute environmental stressors are a fundamental aspect of exposome research. However, studying the impact of low-level environmental exposure in conventional in vitro settings is challenging. This study employed a three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic microfluidic lung-on-chip (μLOC) platform and RNA-sequencing to examine the effects of two model anthropogenic engineered nanoparticles (NPs): zinc oxide nanoparticles (Nano-ZnO) and copier center nanoparticles (Nano-CCP). The airway epithelium exposed to these NPs exhibited dose-dependent increases in cytotoxicity and barrier dysregulation (dominance of the external exposome). Interestingly, even nontoxic and low-level exposure (10 μg/mL) of the epithelium compartment to Nano-ZnO triggered chemotaxis of lung fibroblasts toward the epithelium. An increase in α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and contractile activity was also observed in these cells, indicating a bystander-like adaptive response (dominance of internal exposome). Further bioinformatics and network analysis showed that a low-dose Nano-ZnO significantly induced a robust transcriptomic response and upregulated several hub genes associated with the development of lung fibrosis. We propose that Nano-ZnO, even at a no observable effect level (NOEL) dose according to conventional standards, can function as a potent nanostressor to disrupt airway epithelium homeostasis. This leads to a cascade of profibrotic events in a cross-tissue compartment fashion. Our findings offer new insights into the early acute events of respiratory harm associated with environmental NPs exposure, paving the way for better exposomic understanding of this emerging class of anthropogenic nanopollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kao Hui Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong Kit Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Chengxun Su
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan Cheryl Koh
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building Level 11, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, 1 CleanTech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore
- Center for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
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12
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Yu SE, Athni TS, Mitchell MB, Zhou X, Chiang S, Lee SE. The Impact of Ambient and Wildfire Air Pollution on Rhinosinusitis and Olfactory Dysfunction. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:665-673. [PMID: 38047993 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With increasing industrialization, exposure to ambient and wildfire air pollution is projected to increase, necessitating further research to elucidate the complex relationship between exposure and sinonasal disease. This review aims to summarize the role of ambient and wildfire air pollution in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and olfactory dysfunction and provide a perspective on gaps in the literature. RECENT FINDINGS Based on an emerging body of evidence, exposure to ambient air pollutants is correlated with the development of chronic rhinosinusitis in healthy individuals and increased symptom severity in CRS patients. Studies have also found a robust relationship between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and olfactory dysfunction. Ambient air pollution exposure is increasingly recognized to impact the development and sequelae of sinonasal pathophysiology. Given the rising number of wildfire events and worsening impacts of climate change, further study of the impact of wildfire-related air pollution is a crucial emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Yu
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tejas S Athni
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret B Mitchell
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Boston, USA
| | - Xiaodan Zhou
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Simon Chiang
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Pat Y, Ogulur I, Yazici D, Mitamura Y, Cevhertas L, Küçükkase OC, Mesisser SS, Akdis M, Nadeau K, Akdis CA. Effect of altered human exposome on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier integrity. Tissue Barriers 2023; 11:2133877. [PMID: 36262078 PMCID: PMC10606824 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2133877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution in the world and exposure of humans and nature to toxic substances is continuously worsening at a rapid pace. In the last 60 years, human and domestic animal health has been challenged by continuous exposure to toxic substances and pollutants because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, and industrialization. More than 350,000 new chemicals have been introduced to our lives, mostly without any reasonable control of their health effects and toxicity. A plethora of studies show exposure to these harmful substances during this period with their implications on the skin and mucosal epithelial barrier and increasing prevalence of allergic and autoimmune diseases in the context of the "epithelial barrier hypothesis". Exposure to these substances causes an epithelial injury with peri-epithelial inflammation, microbial dysbiosis and bacterial translocation to sub-epithelial areas, and immune response to dysbiotic bacteria. Here, we provide scientific evidence on the altered human exposome and its impact on epithelial barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin Menderes University, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lacin Cevhertas
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Turkey
| | - Ozan C Küçükkase
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sanne S Mesisser
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University and Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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14
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Myszor IT, Gudmundsson GH. Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197908. [PMID: 37251385 PMCID: PMC10213533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity of the mucosal surfaces provides the first-line defense from invading pathogens and pollutants conferring protection from the external environment. Innate immune system of the airway epithelium consists of several components including the mucus layer, mucociliary clearance of beating cilia, production of host defense peptides, epithelial barrier integrity provided by tight and adherens junctions, pathogen recognition receptors, receptors for chemokines and cytokines, production of reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Therefore, multiple components interplay with each other for efficient protection from pathogens that still can subvert host innate immune defenses. Hence, the modulation of innate immune responses with different inducers to boost host endogenous front-line defenses in the lung epithelium to fend off pathogens and to enhance epithelial innate immune responses in the immunocompromised individuals is of interest for host-directed therapy. Herein, we reviewed possibilities of modulation innate immune responses in the airway epithelium for host-directed therapy presenting an alternative approach to standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona T. Myszor
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Mallek NM, Martin EM, Dailey LA, McCullough SD. Liquid Application Dosing Alters the Physiology of Air-Liquid Interface Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cultures and In vitro Testing Relevant Endpoints. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2570280. [PMID: 36865279 PMCID: PMC9980280 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2570280/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiated Primary human bronchial epithelial cell (dpHBEC) cultures grown under air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions exhibit key features of the human respiratory tract and are thus critical for respiratory research as well as efficacy and toxicity testing of inhaled substances (e.g., consumer products, industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals). Many inhalable substances (e.g., particles, aerosols, hydrophobic substances, reactive substances) have physiochemical properties that challenge their evaluation under ALI conditions in vitro. Evaluation of the effects of these methodologically challenging chemicals (MCCs) in vitro is typically conducted by "liquid application," involving the direct application of a solution containing the test substance to the apical, air-exposed surface of dpHBEC-ALI cultures. We report that the application of liquid to the apical surface of a dpHBEC-ALI co-culture model results in significant reprogramming of the dpHBEC transcriptome and biological pathway activity, alternative regulation of cellular signaling pathways, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, and decreased epithelial barrier integrity. Given the prevalence of liquid application in the delivery of test substances to ALI systems, understanding its effects provides critical infrastructure for the use of in vitro systems in respiratory research as well as in the safety and efficacy testing of inhalable substances.
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16
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Jackson CM, Kaplan AN, Järvinen KM. Environmental Exposures may Hold the Key; Impact of Air Pollution, Greenness, and Rural/Farm Lifestyle on Allergic Outcomes. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2023; 23:77-91. [PMID: 36609951 PMCID: PMC9932951 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There has been an increased prevalence of allergy. Due to this relatively rapid rise, changes in environmental exposures are likely the main contributor. In this review, we highlight literature from the last 3 years pertaining to the role of air pollution, greenness, and the rural/farm lifestyle and their association with the development of allergic sensitization, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis in infancy and childhood. Because asthma has a more complex pathophysiology, it was excluded from this review. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies support a role for air pollution, greenness, and rural/farming lifestyle influencing atopic outcomes that continue to be defined. While many studies have examined singular environmental exposures, the interconnectedness of these exposures and others points to a need for future work to consider an individual's whole exposure. Environmental exposures' influence on atopic disease development remains an ongoing and important area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney M Jackson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Golisano Children's Hospital, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Alexandra N Kaplan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Golisano Children's Hospital, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kirsi M Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Golisano Children's Hospital, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave. Box 777, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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17
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Ragweed Major Allergen Amb a 11 Recombinant Production and Clinical Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010182. [PMID: 36671567 PMCID: PMC9855870 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ragweed pollen is highly allergenic and elicits type I hypersensitivity reactions in the exposed populations. Amb a 11 is a recently discovered component of this pollen, and its biological role in allergy is still being researched. In our study, ragweed allergy patients were recruited prospectively over a three-year period; a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, and sera were collected and stored. The production of recombinant Amb a 11 was achieved in parallel with patients' recruitment. The gene coding for mature protein was inserted in E. coli and in Sf9 Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The recombinant allergens (designated eAmb a 11 and iAmb a 11) were tested for His-tag presence in Western blot. IgE reactivity was evaluated in 150 patients' sera for both recombinant allergen forms in ELISA, with 5 positive sera being tested further by hRBL (humanized rat basophilic leukemia) hexosaminidase release assay. Both allergen forms were proven to be IgE-reactive His-tagged proteins, with an extensive overlap of positive sera (92 toward the former recombinant allergen, 100 toward the latter) and an overall Amb a 11 sensitization prevalence estimated at 68.67%. The hRBL mediator release assay revealed a significant, slightly weaker effect of recombinant allergens when compared with nAmb a 1. Sensitization to this major allergen appears to be associated with more severe asthma symptoms (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.81-12.21). In conclusion, recombinant Amb a 11 is a bona fide allergen, which is IgE-reactive and an inducer of hRBL degranulation. It is an important IgE-reactive component from ragweed pollen, with high IgE sensitization prevalence in the sample population and allergenicity of the recombinant allergen comparable to Amb a 1.
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18
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He Y, Fu Y, Wu Y, Zhu T, Li H. Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis from the perspective of sinonasal epithelial dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1139240. [PMID: 37138733 PMCID: PMC10149833 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1139240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome primarily characterized by long-term mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The pathogenesis of CRS is still unclear due to its high heterogeneity. A number of studies have recently focused on the sinonasal epithelium. Thus, there has been a quantum leap in awareness of the role of the sinonasal epithelium, which is now understood as an active functional organ rather than simply an inert mechanical barrier. Undoubtedly, epithelial dysfunction plays a vital role in the onset and development of CRS. Objective In this article, we discuss the potential contribution of sinonasal epithelium dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis and explore a few current and developing therapeutic options targeting the sinonasal epithelium. Results Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and an abnormal sinonasal epithelial barrier are usually considered to be the main causative factors in CRS. Epithelial-derived bioactive substances, such as cytokines, exosomes, and complements, play a vital role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to the pathophysiological alterations of CRS. The phenomena of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mucosal remodeling, and autophagy observed in CRS offer some novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, existing treatment options targeting disorder of sinonasal epithelium can help to relieve the main symptoms associated with CRS to some extent. Conclusion The presence of a normal epithelium is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis in the nasal and paranasal sinuses. Here, we describe various aspects of the sinonasal epithelium and highlight the contributions of epithelial dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis. Our review provides sound evidence of the need for in-depth study of the pathophysiological alterations of this disease and for the development of novel epithelium-targeting alternative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiong He
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijie Fu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqi Wu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- School of Heath Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li
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19
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Gisler A, Eeftens M, de Hoogh K, Vienneau D, Salem Y, Yammine S, Jakob J, Gorlanova O, Decrue F, Gehrig R, Frey U, Latzin P, Fuchs O, Usemann J, Decrue F, Frey U, Fuchs O, Gisler A, Gorlanova O, Kentgens A, Korten I, Kurz J, Latzin P, Nissen A, Oestreich M, Röösli M, Salem Y, Usemann J, Vienneau D. Pollen exposure is associated with risk of respiratory symptoms during the first year of life. Allergy 2022; 77:3606-3616. [PMID: 35302662 PMCID: PMC10078730 DOI: 10.1111/all.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in children and adults. However, the association of pollen exposure with respiratory symptoms during infancy, a particularly vulnerable period, remains unclear. We examined whether pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in infants and whether maternal atopy, infant's sex or air pollution modifies this association. METHODS We investigated 14,874 observations from 401 healthy infants of a prospective birth cohort. The association between pollen exposure and respiratory symptoms, assessed in weekly telephone interviews, was evaluated using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). Effect modification by maternal atopy, infant's sex, and air pollution (NO2 , PM2.5 ) was assessed with interaction terms. RESULTS Per infant, 37 ± 2 (mean ± SD) respiratory symptom scores were assessed during the analysis period (January through September). Pollen exposure was associated with increased respiratory symptoms during the daytime (RR [95% CI] per 10% pollen/m3 : combined 1.006 [1.002, 1.009]; tree 1.005 [1.002, 1.008]; grass 1.009 [1.000, 1.23]) and nighttime (combined 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; tree 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; grass 1.014 [1.004, 1.024]). While there was no effect modification by maternal atopy and infant's sex, a complex crossover interaction between combined pollen and PM2.5 was found (p-value 0.003). CONCLUSION Even as early as during the first year of life, pollen exposure was associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms, independent of maternal atopy and infant's sex. Because infancy is a particularly vulnerable period for lung development, the identified adverse effect of pollen exposure may be relevant for the evolvement of chronic childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Gisler
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Salem
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Yammine
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Jakob
- Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Gorlanova
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Decrue
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Gehrig
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland.,Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Bae HR, Chandy M, Aguilera J, Smith EM, Nadeau KC, Wu JC, Paik DT. Adverse effects of air pollution-derived fine particulate matter on cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2022; 32:487-498. [PMID: 34619335 PMCID: PMC9063923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a rapidly growing major health concern around the world. Atmospheric particulate matter that has a diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) refers to an air pollutant composed of particles and chemical compounds that originate from various sources. While epidemiological studies have established the association between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular diseases, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PM2.5 promotes cardiovascular complications are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the various sources of PM2.5, its components, and the concentrations of ambient PM2.5 in various settings. We discuss the experimental findings to date that evaluate the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and the possible therapeutic options that may alleviate PM2.5-driven cardiovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeong Bae
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric M Smith
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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21
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Duchesne M, Okoye I, Lacy P. Epithelial cell alarmin cytokines: Frontline mediators of the asthma inflammatory response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:975914. [PMID: 36311787 PMCID: PMC9616080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.975914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The exposure of the airway epithelium to external stimuli such as allergens, microbes, and air pollution triggers the release of the alarmin cytokines IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP interact with their ligands, IL-17RA, IL1RL1 and TSLPR respectively, expressed by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells including dendritic cells, ILC2 cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Alarmins play key roles in driving type 2-high, and to a lesser extent type 2-low responses, in asthma. In addition, studies in which each of these three alarmins were targeted in allergen-challenged mice showed decreased chronicity of type-2 driven disease. Consequently, ascertaining the mechanism of activity of these upstream mediators has implications for understanding the outcome of targeted therapies designed to counteract their activity and alleviate downstream type 2-high and low effector responses. Furthermore, identifying the factors which shift the balance between the elicitation of type 2-high, eosinophilic asthma and type-2 low, neutrophilic-positive/negative asthma by alarmins is essential. In support of these efforts, observations from the NAVIGATOR trial imply that targeting TSLP in patients with tezepelumab results in reduced asthma exacerbations, improved lung function and control of the disease. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms surrounding the secretion of IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP from the airway epithelium and how this influences the allergic airway cascade. We also review in detail how alarmin-receptor/co-receptor interactions modulate downstream allergic inflammation. Current strategies which target alarmins, their efficacy and inflammatory phenotype will be discussed.
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22
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Kang D, Lee H, Jung S. Use of a 3D inkjet-printed model to access dust particle toxicology in the human alveolar barrier. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:3668-3677. [PMID: 36043483 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fine dust particles in the air travel into our body via the airway tract and cause severe respiratory diseases. Thus, the analysis of the effects of dust particles on the respiratory system has been receiving significant research interest. However, most studies on the toxicity of dust particles involve two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, animal models, and epidemiology. Here, we inkjet-printed an three-dimensional (3D) alveolar barrier model to study how dust particles cause respiratory diseases. The three-layered in vitro model was exposed to A2 fine test dust with varying concentrations and exposure durations. The results highlighted the destruction of the tissue architecture along with apoptosis in the bioprinted alveolar barrier. The damage at the cellular level induced an increase in the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted, followed by triggering of the signal transduction pathway and activation of transcription factors. As a consequence of the release of cytokines, the extracellular matrix was degraded, which led to the collapse of the cell structure, loss of cell polarity, and a decrease in the barrier tightness. Further, the pulmonary surfactant protein-related genes in the dust-treated alveolar tissue were investigated to evaluate the possible role of dust particles in pulmonary surfactant dysfunction. This study demonstrated the use of 3D-printed tissue model to evaluate the physiological impact of fine dust particles on cytotoxicity, alveolar barrier rigidity, and surfactant secretion of an alveolar barrier. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayoon Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyomin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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23
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li X, Wang C, Chen R, Zhang L. Impact of Air Pollutants and Pollen on the Severity of Nonallergic Rhinitis: A Data-Oriented Analysis. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:1045-1054. [PMID: 35967096 PMCID: PMC9364988 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s372927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhino-conjunctivitis symptoms are more severe in nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) patients during pollen season than in other seasons. Little is known about the role of pollen and air pollutants on the severity of NAR. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the cross-sectional effects of both pollen and air pollutants on NAR patients during the pollen and non-pollen seasons, and to further explore the possible relationship among these triggers. Methods A total of 2411 clinically diagnosed NAR outpatients from 2018 to 2019 were recruited for this study. The severity of NAR was measured using rhinoconjunctivitis symptom scores. Associations of daily exposure to pollen, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, O3, and rhinoconjunctivitis symptom scores were evaluated using Logistic regression models. Distributed Lag Nonlinear models were used to explore single-day and accumulative Lag effects of environmental factors mentioned above. Results During the pollen season, pollen concentration, higher exposure levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 increased the severity of NAR group when compared with the low-moderate severity group. The high severity group was associated with lower exposure levels of O3. However, during non-pollen seasons, no significant association was found in air pollutant metrics, pollen concentration, and severity of NAR. The exposure-severity effects of pollen were different when different ambient pollutants were stratified. Conclusion Synergistic effect of pollen and air pollutants, including PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3, might be responsible for aggravating the symptoms of NAR patients during pollen seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Huang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Rui Chen, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, You’anmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Luo Zhang, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 17, HouGouHuTong, DongCheng District, Beijing, 100005, People’s Republic of China, Email
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24
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Suman TY, Keerthiga R, Remya RR, Jacintha A, Jeon J. Assessing the Impact of Meteorological Factors on COVID-19 Seasonality in Metropolitan Chennai, India. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080440. [PMID: 36006119 PMCID: PMC9414974 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Meteorological factors may influence coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. Due to the small number of time series studies, the relative importance of seasonality and meteorological factors is still being debated. From March 2020 to April 2021, we evaluated the impact of meteorological factors on the transmission of COVID-19 in Chennai, India. Understanding how the COVID-19 pandemic spreads over the year is critical to developing public health strategies. Correlation models were used to examine the influence of meteorological factors on the transmission of COVID-19. The results revealed seasonal variations in the number of COVID-19-infected people. COVID-19 transmission was greatly aggravated by temperature, wind speed, nitric oxide (NO) and barometric pressure (BP) during summer seasons, whereas wind speed and BP aggravated COVID-19 transmission during rainy seasons. Furthermore, PM 2.5, NO and BP aggravated COVID-19 transmission during winter seasons. However, their relationships fluctuated seasonally. Our research shows that seasonal influences must be considered when developing effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodhal Yoganandham Suman
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
- School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- Ecotoxicology Division, Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Rajendiran Keerthiga
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Rajan Renuka Remya
- Centre for Material Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai 600126, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Amali Jacintha
- Ecotoxicology Division, Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
- School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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25
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Pryor JT, Cowley LO, Simonds SE. The Physiological Effects of Air Pollution: Particulate Matter, Physiology and Disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:882569. [PMID: 35910891 PMCID: PMC9329703 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.882569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nine out of 10 people breathe air that does not meet World Health Organization pollution limits. Air pollutants include gasses and particulate matter and collectively are responsible for ~8 million annual deaths. Particulate matter is the most dangerous form of air pollution, causing inflammatory and oxidative tissue damage. A deeper understanding of the physiological effects of particulate matter is needed for effective disease prevention and treatment. This review will summarize the impact of particulate matter on physiological systems, and where possible will refer to apposite epidemiological and toxicological studies. By discussing a broad cross-section of available data, we hope this review appeals to a wide readership and provides some insight on the impacts of particulate matter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T. Pryor
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Woodrudge LTD, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan O. Cowley
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. Simonds
- Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Programme, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Stephanie E. Simonds
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26
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Celebi Sozener Z, Özbey Yücel Ü, Altiner S, Ozdel Oztürk B, Cerci P, Türk M, Gorgülü Akin B, Akdis M, Yilmaz I, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. The External Exposome and Allergies: From the Perspective of the Epithelial Barrier Hypothesis. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:887672. [PMID: 35873598 PMCID: PMC9304993 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.887672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the last decades, we have seen a rapid increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. The environmental changes caused by industrialization, urbanization and modernization, including dramatic increases in air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), diesel exhaust, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), alarming effects of global warming, change and loss of biodiversity, affect both human health and the entire ecosystem. Objective In this review, we aimed to discuss the effects of the external exposome on epithelial barriers and its relationship with the development of allergic diseases by considering the changes in all stakeholders of the outer exposome together, in the light of the recently proposed epithelial barrier hypothesis. Method To reach current, prominent, and comprehensive studies on the subject, PubMed databases were searched. We included the more resounding articles with reliable and strong results. Results Exposure to altered environmental factors such as increased pollution, microplastics, nanoparticles, tobacco smoke, food emulsifiers, detergents, and household cleaners, and climate change, loss and change in microbial biodiversity, modifications in the consumption of dietary fatty acids, the use of emulsifiers, preservatives and the decrease in the antioxidant content of the widely consumed western diet may disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, making us more vulnerable to exogeneous allergens and microbes. Epithelial cell activation, microbial dysbiosis and bacterial translocation disrupt the immune balance and a chronic Th2 inflammation ensues. Conclusion Dramatic increases in air pollution, worrisome effects of global warming, dysbiosis, changing dietary habits and the complex interactions of all these factors affect the epithelial barriers and local and systemic inflammation. We want to draw attention to the emerging health effects of environmental changes and to motivate the public to influence government policies for the well-being of humans and the nature of the earth and the well-being of future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Celebi Sozener
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Zeynep Celebi Sozener ; orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-0959
| | - Ümüs Özbey Yücel
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Altiner
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Ozdel Oztürk
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Murat Türk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Begüm Gorgülü Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- Division of Immunology and Allergic Diseases, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Cezmi A. Akdis ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-019X
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27
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Zhang Y, Shan C, Liu W, Han Y, Shi G, Ma Y, Wagner K, Tian X, Zhang L, Larona AJ, Sacavage S, Franklin K, Wang C, Zhang L. Intranasal budesonide for rhinitis during a high airborne pollution period: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:56. [PMID: 35725523 PMCID: PMC9207822 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution may induce or reinforce nasal inflammation regardless of allergy status. There is limited direct clinical evidence informing the treatment of airborne pollution-related rhinitis. Objective To assess the effectiveness of intranasal budesonide in adults with self-reported rhinitis symptoms triggered/worsened by airborne pollution. Methods Adults in northern China with self-reported rhinitis symptoms triggered or worsened by airborne pollution were randomized to budesonide 256 µg/day or placebo for 10 days in pollution season (October 2019 to February 2020). The primary endpoint was the mean change from baseline in 24-h reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) averaged over 10 days. The secondary endpoints were subject-assessed Global Impression of Change (SGIC), mean change from baseline in individual nasal symptom severity, and mean change from baseline in individual non-nasal symptoms of cough and postnasal drip severity. One-sided P < 0.0125 was considered statistically significant. Results After an interruption by COVID-19, an interim analysis showed that the study could be ended for efficacy with n = 206 participants (103/group) since the primary efficacy endpoint demonstrated significant results. The final efficacy results showed that the 10-day-averaged rTNSS change in the budesonide group was greater than with placebo (− 2.20 vs − 1.72, P = 0.0107). Budesonide also significantly improved 10-day-averaged itching/sneezing change (− 0.75 vs − 0.51, P = 0.0009). Results for SGIC and all other individual symptoms did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Intranasal budesonide 256 µg once daily improved the total nasal symptoms and itching/sneezing over 10 days in adults with rhinitis triggered/worsened by airborne pollution. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-022-00686-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguang Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Cangzhou Center Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yaozhong Han
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The No.2 Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Guanggang Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjian Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The No.2 People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kerstin Wagner
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, Fort Washington, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Tian
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer China Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer China Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Allan Joseph Larona
- Johnson & Johnson Consumer Regional Office Asia Pacific, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Gorgulu Akin B, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy 2022; 77:1418-1449. [PMID: 35108405 PMCID: PMC9306534 DOI: 10.1111/all.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external (e.g., chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), and general external (e.g., broader socioeconomic and psychological contexts) domains, all of which are interrelated. All the factors we are exposed to, from the moment of conception to death, are part of the external exposome. Several hundreds of thousands of new chemicals have been introduced in modern life without our having a full understanding of their toxic health effects and ways to mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes and loss of biodiversity, alterations in dietary habits, and the microbiome due to modernization, urbanization, and globalization constitute our surrounding environment and external exposome. Some of these factors disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and these disruptions have been linked in the last few decades to the increasing prevalence and severity of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asthma. The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation of how these factors can explain the rapid increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss factors affecting the planet's health in the context of the 'epithelial barrier hypothesis,' including climate change, pollution, changes and loss of biodiversity, and emphasize the changes in the external exposome in the last few decades and their effects on allergic diseases. In addition, the roles of increased dietary fatty acid consumption and environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, microplastics, nanoparticles, and tobacco) affecting epithelial barriers are discussed. Considering the emerging data from recent studies, we suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, and the establishment of individualized control measures to mitigate environmental threats and decrease allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ozdel Ozturk
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesEskisehir City HospitalEskisehirTurkey
| | - Murat Turk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKayseri City HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Begum Gorgulu Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Seda Altiner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Division of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKahramanmaras Necip Fazil City HospitalKahramanmarasTurkey
| | - Umus Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and DietAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Department of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child HealthDepartment of Pediatric Basic SciencesIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Istanbul Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
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29
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Fiorito S, Soligo M, Gao Y, Ogulur I, Akdis C, Bonini S. Is the epithelial barrier hypothesis the key to understanding the higher incidence and excess mortality during COVID-19 pandemic? The case of Northern Italy. Allergy 2022; 77:1408-1417. [PMID: 35102595 PMCID: PMC9304271 DOI: 10.1111/all.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The high incidence and increased mortality of COVID-19 make Italy among the most impacted countries by SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. In the beginning of the pandemic, Northern regions accounted for 40% of cases and 45% of deaths from COVID-19 in Italy. Several factors have been suggested to explain the higher incidence and excess mortality from COVID-19 in these regions. It is noticed that Northern Italian regions, and particularly the cities in Po Valley, are the areas with the highest air pollution due to commercial vehicle traffic, industry and a stagnant meteorological condition, with one of the highest levels in Italy and Europe of fine particulate matter 2.5 micron or smaller in size (PM2.5). PM2.5, the major environmental pollutant deriving mainly by factory and automobile exhaust emissions and coal combustion, increases the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the epithelial cell entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and thus increase the susceptibility to this virus. The epithelial barrier hypothesis proposes that many diverse diseases may rise from the disruption of epithelial barrier of skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system, including allergic diseases, metabolic and autoimmune diseases, and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions. There is evidence of a close correlation between air pollution and airway epithelial barrier dysfunction. Air pollution, causing lung epithelial barrier dysfunction, may contribute to local chronic inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and impaired antiviral immune response against SARS-CoV-2, all of which contribute to the high incidence and excess mortality from COVID-19. In addition, air pollution and epithelial barrier dysfunction contribute also to the higher prevalence of several comorbidities of COVID-19, such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, which have been identified as risk factors for mortality of COVID-19. In this article, on the basis of epidemiological and environmental monitoring data in Northern Italy, it is suggested that epithelial barrier hypothesis may help to understand the excess burden and mortality from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Fiorito
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyItalian National Research CouncilRomeItaly
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyItalian National Research CouncilRomeItaly
| | - Yadong Gao
- Department of AllergologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Sergio Bonini
- Institute of Translational PharmacologyItalian National Research CouncilRomeItaly
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30
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Particulate Matter Exposure and the Changes in Immune Biomarkers: Effects of Biyeom-Go on the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and a Particulate Matter-Treated Mouse Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4259669. [PMID: 35378908 PMCID: PMC8976652 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4259669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of Biyeom-go (BYG, an herbal formula) on immune biomarkers present in the nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis under exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), and on changes in goblet cells and immune biomarkers in mice under exposure to Korea diesel particulate matter (KDP20). Thirty patients showing characteristic allergic rhinitis symptoms were enrolled in Jeonju-si, Korea, and treated with BYG thrice a day for four weeks. Changes in the expression of immune biomarkers (interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-8, IL-13, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) mRNA), total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), mini-rhinitis-specific quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) results, and visual analog scale scores were evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment. Additionally, the difference in PM2.5 concentrations in the air in Jeonju-si, Korea (November, 2019 ∼ March, 2020), was analyzed to determine the change in TNSS. KDP20 (100 μg/mL) was exposed to C57BL/6 mice for 10 days; 0.05% Nasonex (a positive control, mometasone furoate), or BYG was administrated for 5 days twice a day. The expression of inflammatory factors was detected via qRT-PCR using nasopharynx tissue samples of mice. BYG treatment was found to be associated with significant improvement in total nasal symptoms, especially itching and sneezing (p < 0.0001), and mini-RQLQ after 4 weeks. IL-8 (p < 0.01), IL-33 (p < 0.01), and TSLP (p < 0.001) expression levels decreased after BYG treatment. In mice, administration of BYG reduced the number of goblet cells increased through KDP20 treatment. KDP20-induced immune biomarkers (IL-33, TSLP, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8) were also significantly downregulated in the nasopharynx tissue after BYG treatment. Therefore, BYG may show therapeutic effects against allergic rhinitis in humans, and it was confirmed that the expression of PM-induced inflammatory factors in mice was decreased via BYG treatment.
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31
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Cheliotis KS, Jewell CP, Solórzano C, Urban B, Collins AM, Mitsi E, Pojar S, Nikolaou E, German EL, Reiné J, Gordon SB, Jochems SP, Rylance J, Ferreira DM. Influence of sex, season and environmental air quality on experimental human pneumococcal carriage acquisition: a retrospective cohort analysis. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00586-2021. [PMID: 35415189 PMCID: PMC8995542 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00586-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most commonly identified bacterial cause of pneumonia and the leading infectious cause of death in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Pneumococcal disease follows a seasonal pattern with increased incidence during winter. Pneumonia burden is also associated with poor air quality. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the bacterium is a pre-requisite of invasive disease. We aimed to determine if susceptibility to nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage varied by season and which environmental factors might explain such variation. We also evaluated the influence of sex on susceptibility of carriage. We collated data from five studies in which human volunteers underwent intranasal pneumococcal challenge. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used to identify factors associated with altered risk of carriage acquisition, specifically climate and air-quality data. During 2011-2017, 374 healthy adults were challenged with type 6B pneumococcus. Odds of carriage were significantly lower in males (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40-0.92; p=0.02), and higher with cooler temperatures (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99; p=0.04). Likelihood of carriage was also associated with lower concentrations of local fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5) and increased local rainfall. In contrast to epidemiological series, experimental challenge allowed us to test propensity to acquisition during controlled exposures; immunological explanations for sex and climatic differences should be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Solórzano
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Britta Urban
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea M. Collins
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sherin Pojar
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elissavet Nikolaou
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Esther L. German
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jesús Reiné
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen B. Gordon
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Simon P. Jochems
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie Rylance
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniela M. Ferreira
- Dept of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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32
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Aghapour M, Ubags ND, Bruder D, Hiemstra PS, Sidhaye V, Rezaee F, Heijink IH. Role of air pollutants in airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma and COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/163/210112. [PMID: 35321933 PMCID: PMC9128841 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0112-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants is a major contributor to the development and progression of obstructive airway diseases, including asthma and COPD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of obstructive lung diseases upon exposure to inhaled pollutants will lead to novel insights into the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of these diseases. The respiratory epithelial lining forms a robust physicochemical barrier protecting the body from inhaled toxic particles and pathogens. Inhalation of airborne particles and gases may impair airway epithelial barrier function and subsequently lead to exaggerated inflammatory responses and airway remodelling, which are key features of asthma and COPD. In addition, air pollutant-induced airway epithelial barrier dysfunction may increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, thereby increasing the risk of exacerbations and thus triggering further inflammation. In this review, we discuss the molecular and immunological mechanisms involved in physical barrier disruption induced by major airborne pollutants and outline their implications in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD. We further discuss the link between these pollutants and changes in the lung microbiome as a potential factor for aggravating airway diseases. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention to restore airway epithelial integrity in asthma and COPD. Exposure to air pollution induces airway epithelial barrier dysfunction through several mechanisms including increased oxidative stress, exaggerated cytokine responses and impaired host defence, which contributes to development of asthma and COPD. https://bit.ly/3DHL1CA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Aghapour
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Niki D Ubags
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Dept of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Venkataramana Sidhaye
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Dept of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Depts of Pathology and Medical Biology and Pulmonology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Involvement and therapeutic implications of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation of asthma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:519-531. [PMID: 35170505 PMCID: PMC8920422 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma, which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe. The epithelial barrier hypothesis has recently been proposed and has received great interest from the scientific community. The development of leaky epithelial barriers leads to microbial dysbiosis and the translocation of bacteria to inter- and sub-epithelial areas and the development of epithelial tissue inflammation. Accordingly, preventing the impairment and promoting the restoration of a deteriorated airway epithelial barrier represents a promising strategy for the treatment of asthma. This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma, the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier, and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity. The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed. In addition, the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants, and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.
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34
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Gren L, Dierschke K, Mattsson F, Assarsson E, Krais AM, Kåredal M, Lovén K, Löndahl J, Pagels J, Strandberg B, Tunér M, Xu Y, Wollmer P, Albin M, Nielsen J, Gudmundsson A, Wierzbicka A. Lung function and self-rated symptoms in healthy volunteers after exposure to hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust with and without particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35073958 PMCID: PMC8785558 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diesel engine exhaust causes adverse health effects. Meanwhile, the impact of renewable diesel exhaust, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), on human health is less known. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to HVO exhaust for 3 h in a chamber with a double-blind, randomized setup. Exposure scenarios comprised of HVO exhaust from two modern non-road vehicles with 1) no aftertreatment system (‘HVOPM+NOx’ PM1: 93 µg m−3, EC: 54 µg m−3, NO: 3.4 ppm, NO2: 0.6 ppm), 2) an aftertreatment system containing a diesel oxidation catalyst and a diesel particulate filter (‘HVONOx’ PM1: ~ 1 µg m−3, NO: 2.0 ppm, NO2: 0.7 ppm) and 3) filtered air (FA) as control. The exposure concentrations were in line with current EU occupational exposure limits (OELs) of NO, NO2, formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the future OEL (2023) of elemental carbon (EC). The effect on nasal patency, pulmonary function, and self-rated symptoms were assessed. Calculated predicted lung deposition of HVO exhaust particles was compared to data from an earlier diesel exhaust study. Results The average total respiratory tract deposition of PM1 during HVOPM+NOx was 27 µg h−1. The estimated deposition fraction of HVO PM1 was 40–50% higher compared to diesel exhaust PM1 from an older vehicle (earlier study), due to smaller particle sizes of the HVOPM+NOx exhaust. Compared to FA, exposure to HVOPM+NOx and HVONOx caused higher incidence of self-reported symptoms (78%, 63%, respectively, vs. 28% for FA, p < 0.03). Especially, exposure to HVOPM+NOx showed 40–50% higher eye and throat irritation symptoms. Compared to FA, a decrement in nasal patency was found for the HVONOx exposures (− 18.1, 95% CI: − 27.3 to − 8.8 L min−1, p < 0.001), and for the HVOPM+NOx (− 7.4 (− 15.6 to 0.8) L min−1, p = 0.08). Overall, no clinically significant change was indicated in the pulmonary function tests (spirometry, peak expiratory flow, forced oscillation technique). Conclusion Short-term exposure to HVO exhaust concentrations corresponding to EU OELs for one workday did not cause adverse pulmonary function changes in healthy subjects. However, an increase in self-rated mild irritation symptoms, and mild decrease in nasal patency after both HVO exposures, may indicate irritative effects from exposure to HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles, with and without aftertreatment systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00446-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Gren
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Dierschke
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mattsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Assarsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette M Krais
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Monica Kåredal
- Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Lovén
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jakob Löndahl
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Pagels
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Strandberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Tunér
- Division of Combustion Engines, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Wollmer
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Albin
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden.,Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörn Nielsen
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University, NanoLund, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aneta Wierzbicka
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Centre for Healthy Indoor Environments, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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35
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Effect of Airborne Particulate Matter on the Immunologic Characteristics of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031018. [PMID: 35162939 PMCID: PMC8835188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory mechanisms of environmental pollutants in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have recently been proposed. However, the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory effects of particulate matter (PM) on nasal polyp (NP) tissues remain unknown. Here we investigated the mechanism underlying the inflammatory effects of PM10 on human nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts (NPDFs). We isolated NPDFs from human NP tissues obtained from patients with CRS with NPs (CRSwNP). The NPDFs were exposed to PM10 in vitro. Immunologic characteristics were assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and flow cytometry. Additionally, we investigated the effect of NPDF-conditioned media (CM) on the expression of CD4+ T cell inflammatory mediators. PM10-treated NPDFs significantly upregulated interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-33 expression and CXCL1 protein levels than PM10-treated normal tissues. MAP kinase, AP-1, and NF-kB were the primary cell signaling proteins. Immune cells in NPDF-CM had elevated IL-13, IL-17A, and IL-10 expression, but no significant difference in IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4 expression. Moreover, under a Th2 inducing condition, NPDF-CM-treated CD4+ T cells had increased expression of IL-13, IL-10, and IL-17, which was reversed on ST2 inhibitor addition. Our study suggests that PM10 exposure could significantly increase the Th2 inflammatory pathway in NP tissues, specifically the IL-33/ST2 pathway-mediated immune response.
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36
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Hui-Beckman J, Kim BE, Leung DY. Origin of Allergy From In Utero Exposures to the Postnatal Environment. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:8-20. [PMID: 34983104 PMCID: PMC8724834 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of atopic conditions continues to increase, emphasis has been placed on understanding the origin of allergy with hope that prevention measures can be achieved. The perinatal environment is important for this understanding, given that both the immune system and microbiome start forming prenatally. Maternal exposure can greatly impact on fetal health. Additionally, the dysfunctional epithelial barrier is influential in allowing allergens and irritants to penetrate the skin or mucosa, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators to drive type 2 tissue inflammation and the onset of allergy. There are numerous factors related to skin, airway, and gut epithelial barriers dysfunction, and genetic predispositions are also present. Comprehensive birth cohort studies and further mechanistic studies will be keys to understanding the origin of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byung Eui Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Donald Ym Leung
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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37
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Xu Z, Huang Y, Delemarre T, Cavaliere C, Zhang N, Bachert C. Advances in chronic rhinosinusitis in 2020 and 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:854-866. [PMID: 34973298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Major progress has been achieved in the understanding and clinical practice of chronic rhinosinusitis, with or without nasal polyps. These advances resulted in a better understanding of the pathophysiology, the distribution into subgroups, and consequently in a better management perspective using classical approaches and biologics. Pathomechanisms, endotypes and biomarkers, and finally innovative therapeutic approaches are themes especially for the more severe forms of chronic rhinosinusitis, those with uncontrolled severe nasal polyps. Biologicals against key type 2 cytokines are gaining ground in the long-term treatment approaches of often recurrent nasal polyps, and should be integrated in care pathways making use of classical and innovative treatment pathways. These areas of interest show a fast development and will profoundly change our disease management within a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Xu
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Sun Yat-sen Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanran Huang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of ORLHNS, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tim Delemarre
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Sun Yat-sen Medical University, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China; Division of ENT Diseases, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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38
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Sampath V, Abrams EM, Adlou B, Akdis C, Akdis M, Brough HA, Chan S, Chatchatee P, Chinthrajah RS, Cocco RR, Deschildre A, Eigenmann P, Galvan C, Gupta R, Hossny E, Koplin JJ, Lack G, Levin M, Shek LP, Makela M, Mendoza-Hernandez D, Muraro A, Papadopoulous NG, Pawankar R, Perrett KP, Roberts G, Sackesen C, Sampson H, Tang MLK, Togias A, Venter C, Warren CM, Wheatley LM, Wong GWK, Beyer K, Nadeau KC, Renz H. Food allergy across the globe. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1347-1364. [PMID: 34872649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy (FA) is increasing in some areas of the globe, highlighting the need for better strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. In the last few decades, we have made great strides in understanding the causes and mechanisms underlying FAs, prompting guideline updates. Earlier guidelines recommended avoidance of common food allergens during pregnancy and lactation and delaying the introduction of allergenic foods in children aged between 1 and 3 years. Recent guidelines for allergy prevention recommend consumption of a healthy and diverse diet without eliminating or increasing the consumption of allergenic foods during pregnancy or breast-feeding. Early introduction of allergenic foods is recommended by most guidelines for allergy prevention after a period of exclusive breast-feedng (6 months [World Health Organization] or 4 months [European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology]). New diagnostics for FA have been developed with varied availability of these tests in different countries. Finally, the first oral immunotherapy drug for FA was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency in 2020. In this review, we will address the global prevalence of FA, our current understanding of the causes of FA, and the latest guidelines for preventing, diagnosing, and treating FA. We will also discuss similarities and differences between FA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Sampath
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Elissa M Abrams
- Department of Paediatrics, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bahman Adlou
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Helen A Brough
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service and Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Chan
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service and Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pantipa Chatchatee
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Unit, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | | | - Antoine Deschildre
- CHU Lille, University of Lille, Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Unit, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Eigenmann
- University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cesar Galvan
- National Institute of Children Health, National Reference Center of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Lima, Peru; International Clinic, B&D Health Clinic, Lima, Peru
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Elham Hossny
- Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jennifer J Koplin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gideon Lack
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine and Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergy Service and Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas's NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Levin
- Division of Paediatric Allergy, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; inVIVO Planetary Health Group of the Worldwide Universities Network
| | - Lynette P Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mika Makela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Antonella Muraro
- Food Allergy Centre, Department of Woman and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Nikolaos G Papadopoulous
- Allergy Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby Pawankar
- Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham Roberts
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary' Hospital, Isle of Wight, United Kingdom
| | - Cansin Sackesen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hugh Sampson
- The Elliot and Roslyn Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Kravis Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mimi L K Tang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Carina Venter
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of Colorado/Childrens Hospital Colorado, Boulder, Colo
| | - Christopher Michael Warren
- Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lisa M Wheatley
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Gary W K Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kirsten Beyer
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Karaguzel D, Sarac BE, Akel Bilgic H, Summak GY, Unal MA, Kalayci O, Karaaslan C. House dust mite-derived allergens effect on matrix metalloproteases in airway epithelial cells. Exp Lung Res 2021; 47:436-450. [PMID: 34739337 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.1998734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the Study: Many allergens have protease activities. Although the immunomodulatory effects of these antigens are well known, the effects attributed to their protease activities are not thoroughly investigated. We set out to determine the effects of house dust mite (HDM) allergens with varying protease activities on bronchial epithelial cell functions. Materials and methods: BEAS-2B cells were maintained in ALI-culture and stimulated with Der p1 (cysteine protease), Der p6 (serine protease), and Der p2 (non-protease) with and without specific protease inhibitors or heat denaturation. Cell viability and epithelial permeability were measured with MTT and paracellular flux assay, respectively. The effect of heat denaturation on allergen structure was examined using in silico models. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were investigated at the transcription (qPCR), protein (ELISA), and functional (zymography) levels. Results: Epithelial permeability increased only after Der p6 but not after Der p1 or Der p2 stimulation. Der p2 increased both MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, while Der p1 increased only MMP-9 expression. The heat-denatured form of Der p1 unexpectedly increased MMP-9 gene expression, which, through the use of in silico models, was attributed to its ability to change receptor connections by the formation of new electrostatic and hydrogen bonds. IL-8 and GM-CSF production were increased after Der p1 and Der p2 but decreased after Der p6 stimulation. IL-6 decreased after Der p1 but increased following stimulation with Der p6 and heat-denatured Der p2. Conclusion: Allergens in house dust mites are capable of inducing various changes in the epithelial cell functions by virtue of their protease activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Karaguzel
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basak Ezgi Sarac
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayriye Akel Bilgic
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokce Yagmur Summak
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Altay Unal
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Kalayci
- Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Karaaslan
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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40
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Does the epithelial barrier hypothesis explain the increase in allergy, autoimmunity and other chronic conditions? Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:739-751. [PMID: 33846604 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-021-00538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has been a steep increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases, reaching epidemic proportions and now affecting more than one billion people worldwide. These diseases are more common in industrialized countries, and their prevalence continues to rise in developing countries in parallel to urbanization and industrialization. Intact skin and mucosal barriers are crucial for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as they protect host tissues from infections, environmental toxins, pollutants and allergens. A defective epithelial barrier has been demonstrated in allergic and autoimmune conditions such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, coeliac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, leakiness of the gut epithelium is also implicated in systemic autoimmune and metabolic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis and autoimmune hepatitis. Finally, distant inflammatory responses due to a 'leaky gut' and microbiome changes are suspected in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, chronic depression and autism spectrum disorders. This article introduces an extended 'epithelial barrier hypothesis', which proposes that the increase in epithelial barrier-damaging agents linked to industrialization, urbanization and modern life underlies the rise in allergic, autoimmune and other chronic conditions. Furthermore, it discusses how the immune responses to dysbiotic microbiota that cross the damaged barrier may be involved in the development of these diseases.
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41
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Tung NT, Ho KF, Niu X, Sun J, Shen Z, Wu F, Cao J, Dung HB, Thuy TPC, Hsiao TC, Liu WT, Chuang HC. Loss of E-cadherin due to road dust PM 2.5 activates the EGFR in human pharyngeal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53872-53887. [PMID: 34036507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to road dust particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health impacts on the human airway. However, the effects of road dust on the upper airway epithelium in humans remain unclear. We investigated the involvement of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) after PM with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 μm (PM2.5)-induced E-cadherin disruption of human pharyngeal epithelial cells. First, we collected road dust PM2.5 from 10 Chinese cities, including Wuhan, Nanjing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Beijing, Lanzhou, Tianjin, Harbin, and Xi'an. Human pharyngeal FaDu cells were exposed to road dust PM2.5 at 50 μg/mL for 24 h, cytotoxicity (cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) was assessed, and expressions of the proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), occludin, E-cadherin, EGFR, and phosphorylated (p)-EGFR were determined. The E-cadherin gene was then knocked down to investigate EGFR activation in FaDu cells. Exposure to road dust PM2.5 resulted in a decrease in cell viability and increases in LDH and IL-6. Our data suggested that PM2.5 could decrease expressions of occludin and E-cadherin and increase expressions of EGFR and p-EGFR, which was confirmed by E-cadherin-knockdown. Our results showed a negative association between the alterations in E-cadherin and total elemental components in correlation analysis, especially S, Cl, K, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb. Exposure to metals in PM2.5 from road dust may lead to loss of the barrier function of the upper airway epithelium and activation of the EGFR. Our study showed the adverse effects of road dust PM2.5 on pharyngeal epithelial cells of the human upper airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Tung
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyi Niu
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hoang Ba Dung
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Phan Chung Thuy
- Otorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ta-Chih Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Te Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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42
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Hong Z, Zeng P, Zhuang G, Guo Q, Cai C. Toxicological Effects of Artificial Fine Particulate Matter in Rats through Induction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 255:19-25. [PMID: 34497164 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.255.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or smaller than 2.5 μm (abbreviated as PM2.5) increases the risk of nasal lesions, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the atmosphere, the composition of PM2.5 collected varies in physical and chemical properties, which affects its damage to human health. Thus, we constructed artificial PM2.5 particles based on actual PM2.5 and investigated the in vivo effects of artificial PM2.5 exposure on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and nasal mucosa morphology of rats. The results showed that artificial PM2.5 is comparable in composition ratio, size, and morphology to actual PM2.5. This in vivo study indicated that artificial PM2.5 exposure reduces total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, elevates malondialdehyde content in the nasal mucosa, and induces increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our data shows that artificial PM2.5 particles could be used for experimental study of PM2.5 toxicology, ensuring that the physical and chemical properties of experimental PM2.5 are relatively constant and allowing for repeatability of this research. Oxidative damage and inflammatory response may be the toxic mechanisms that cause nasal lesions after exposure to artificial PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Peiji Zeng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
| | - Qiaoling Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Chengfu Cai
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
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43
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Müller L, Usemann J, Alves MP, Latzin P. Diesel exposure increases susceptibility of primary human nasal epithelial cells to rhinovirus infection. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14994. [PMID: 34542243 PMCID: PMC8451029 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are among the first cells to be exposed to air pollutants and respiratory viruses. Although it is known that air pollution exposure and rhinovirus infections increase the risk for asthma development independently, it is unclear how these risk factors interact on a cellular level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) modifies the response of primary NECs to rhinovirus (RV) infection in vitro. Exposure of re-differentiated, primary NECs (49 healthy children [0-7 years], 12 adults) to DPM modified the mRNA expression of viral cell-surface receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and pro-inflammatory response (also protein levels). After exposure to DPM, we additionally infected the NECs with RV-1b and RV-16. Viral loads (assessed by titration assays) were significantly higher in DPM-exposed compared with non-exposed NECs. Exposure to DPM prior to RV infection resulted in a significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (mRNA and protein level) and β-defensins mRNA, and significant downregulation of pattern recognition receptors mRNA and CXCL10 (mRNA and protein levels). There was no difference between all outcomes of NECs from children and adults. We can conclude that exposure to DPM prior to RV infection increases viral loads by downregulation of viral defense receptors and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate a strong interaction between air pollution and the antiviral response to RV infection in NECs. We provide mechanistic evidence that exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to RV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Müller
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
| | - Jakob Usemann
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
- Division of Respiratory MedicineUniversity Children's Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marco P. Alves
- Institute of Virology and ImmunologyBernSwitzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and PathobiologyVetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- Division of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine and AllergologyDepartment of Paediatrics, InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR)University of BernBernSwitzerland
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB)BaselSwitzerland
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44
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Ahn K. Intervention of Particulate Matter: What Can We Do for Asthmatic Patients? ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:677-680. [PMID: 34486253 PMCID: PMC8419650 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangmo Ahn
- Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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45
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Fan Q, Miao C, Huang Y, Yue H, Wu A, Wu J, Wu J, Ma G. Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan-based hydrogel as the split H5N1 mucosal adjuvant: Structure-activity relationship. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118139. [PMID: 34044953 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HTCC)-based hydrogel was devised as a mucosal adjuvant for H5N1 vaccine. Aimed to investigate the structure activity relationship between HTCC hydrogel and immune response, we prepared a series of HTCC hydrogel with defined quaternization degrees (DQs, 0%, 21%, 41%, 60%, 80%). Results suggested that with DQ increasing, the positive charge and gelation time of HTCC hydrogel increased but the viscosity decreased. We applied in vivo imaging system and found that the moderate DQ 41% prolonged antigen residence time in nasal cavity, resulting in the most potent systemic responses (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, HI). While, the lowest DQ 0% produced the best mucosal IgA antibody responses, most likely due to the closer contact with mucosa. Furthermore, the influence of animal gender was also discussed. These data add to the growing understanding of the relationship between physicochemical features of chitosan-based hydrogel and how they influence the immune responses.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Chitosan/administration & dosage
- Chitosan/analogs & derivatives
- Chitosan/chemistry
- Chitosan/pharmacology
- Female
- Hydrogels/administration & dosage
- Hydrogels/chemistry
- Hydrogels/pharmacology
- Immunity/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nasal Mucosa/virology
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/administration & dosage
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sex Factors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingze Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Chunyu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yilan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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46
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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Smyth T, Georas SN. Effects of ozone and particulate matter on airway epithelial barrier structure and function: a review of in vitro and in vivo studies. Inhal Toxicol 2021; 33:177-192. [PMID: 34346824 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2021.1956021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The airway epithelium represents a crucial line of defense against the spread of inhaled pathogens. As the epithelium is the first part of the body to be exposed to the inhaled environment, it must act as both a barrier to and sentinel against any inhaled agents. Despite its vital role in limiting the spread of inhaled pathogens, the airway epithelium is also regularly exposed to air pollutants which disrupt its normal function. Here we review the current understanding of the structure and composition of the airway epithelial barrier, as well as the impact of inhaled pollutants, including the reactive gas ozone and particulate matter, on epithelial function. We discuss the current in vitro, rodent model, and human exposure findings surrounding the impact of various inhaled pollutants on epithelial barrier function, mucus production, and mucociliary clearance. Detailed information on how inhaled pollutants impact epithelial structure and function will further our understanding of the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Rosario Filho NA, Satoris RA, Scala WR. Allergic rhinitis aggravated by air pollutants in Latin America: A systematic review. World Allergy Organ J 2021; 14:100574. [PMID: 34471459 PMCID: PMC8387759 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review (SR) was to evaluate the most frequent pollutants and their effect on allergic rhinitis in Latin American countries. Observational studies up to December 2020 and comparing different indoor and outdoor pollutants that had allergic rhinitis (AR) as an outcome were included in the systematic review. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for the presence of allergic rhinitis. Estimates were presented as pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two publications comprised this review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and 12 had data that could be analyzed statistically. The most frequent pollutant was PM10, followed by NO2 /O3 and PM2.5 in studies conducted in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Peru. The OR of an exposed subject experiencing allergic rhinitis was 1.43 (95% CI 1.026; 1.980). The OR of children and adolescents experiencing of allergic rhinitis was 1.359 (95% CI 1.051; 1.759). Asymmetry and great variability in the effect estimated from the selected studies were observed. The publication bias was quantified by Kendall's correlation and Egger's test resulted in 0.152 (p-value = 0.493). Egger's test provided an intercept equal to 2.511 and a p-value = 0.398. The I2 statistic was 89.3% and reinforces the hypothesis of heterogeneity. This first systematic review conducted in Latin America confirmed the chance of a person exposed to pollutants and experiencing allergic rhinitis is 43% greater than that of a non-exposed person, reinforcing the importance of policies to reduce pollutant exposure and the use of protection systems for workforces exposed to occupational pollutants in work environments.
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Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, air pollution has become a major problem causing several health problems involving the airways as well as the cardiovascular, reproductive, or neurological system. According to the WHO, about 3.6 million deaths every year are related to inhalation of polluted air, specifically due to pulmonary diseases. Polluted air first encounters the airways, which are a major human defense mechanism to reduce the risk of this aggressor. Air pollution consists of a mixture of potentially harmful compounds such as particulate matter, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals, each having its own effects on the human body. In the last decades, a lot of research investigating the underlying risks and effects of air pollution and/or its specific compounds on the airways, has been performed, involving both in vivo and in vitro experiments. The goal of this review is to give an overview of the recent data on the effects of air pollution on healthy and diseased airways or models of airway disease, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, we focused on studies involving pollution and airway symptoms and/or damage both in mice and humans.
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Ma S, Xian M, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang L. Budesonide repairs decreased barrier integrity of eosinophilic nasal polyp epithelial cells caused by PM 2.5. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12019. [PMID: 34262692 PMCID: PMC8254582 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic chronic rhinitis with nasal polyps (eos-CRSwNP) is a subtype of nasal polyps (NPs) characterized by severe type-2 inflammation and defective epithelial barrier function. The epithelial barrier plays important roles in the pathogenesis of NPs and type-2 inflammation. Particular matter 2.5 (PM2.5) are fine particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm, containing a mixture of different components. Here, we investigated the impact of PM2.5 on the barrier function of the eos-CRSwNP epithelium and explored the reparative function of budesonide. METHODS Samples from noninflammatory nasal mucosa and eos-CRSwNP were collected to establish an in vitro air-liquid interface cultured model. The cells were exposed to PM2.5 at 50 or 100 µg/ml intermittently for 72 h, with or without budesonide pretreatment. Barrier function and tight junction (TJ) expression were reflected by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER), paracellular flux permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled 4-kDa dextran, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining of TJ proteins. Cytokine expression was measured by qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Luminex. RESULTS PM2.5 increased paracellular flux and downregulated TJ protein expression (zona occuldens-1, occludin, and claudin-1), but did not change TER. These changes could be partially restored by budesonide treatment. Interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-1α, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 concentrations were significantly increased in the culture medium of cells exposed to PM2.5, and budesonide significantly reduced the changes in IL-8, IL-1α, and TIMP-1. CONCLUSION PM2.5 impaired the barrier function of eos-CRSwNP epithelial cells and increased the permeability of large molecules. PM2.5 also increased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by nasal epithelial cells. Budesonide could partially repair the damage, suggesting potential applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mu Xian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal DiseasesBeijing Institute of OtolaryngologyBeijingChina
- Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal DiseasesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of AllergyBeijing TongRen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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