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Miyayama C, Shoji H, Murano Y, Ito K, Saita M, Naito T, Fukuda H, Shimizu T. Body Mass Index Changes at 1.5 and 3 Years of Age Affect Adult Body Composition. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:669-677. [PMID: 39189290 PMCID: PMC11348375 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Early childhood lays the foundation for many outcomes in later life. Recent studies suggest that early childhood development may contribute to lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in adulthood; however, there have been few investigations on this association among adults in Japan. Therefore, we examined the relationship between recent physical measurements in adults who underwent health checkups at our university and their physical measurements at birth and during infancy recorded in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook. The median age and body mass index (BMI) of the participants were 36 years and 20.4 kg/m2, respectively. BMI at the time of health checkup in adults did not correlate with physical measurements at birth, but it was found to be associated with BMI at 1.5 (regression coefficient (β) 0.53, p < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.7, p < 0.01) years of age. In addition, the waist-to-height ratio in adulthood was also associated with BMI at 1.5 (β 0.01, p < 0.05) and 3 (β 0.01, p < 0.05) years of age. These findings suggest that it is critical to provide appropriate guidance to children with high BMI and their parents during health checkups to prevent lifestyle-related disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Miyayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Hiromichi Shoji
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Yayoi Murano
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Kanami Ito
- Safety and Health Management Office, Hongo-Ochanomizu Campus, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mizue Saita
- Safety and Health Management Office, Hongo-Ochanomizu Campus, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshio Naito
- Safety and Health Management Office, Hongo-Ochanomizu Campus, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Safety and Health Management Office, Hongo-Ochanomizu Campus, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Advanced Preventive Medicine and Health Literacy, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.M.); (T.S.)
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Lee S, Kang M. A Data-Driven Approach to Predicting Recreational Activity Participation Using Machine Learning. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38875156 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2343815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: With the popularity of recreational activities, the study aimed to develop prediction models for recreational activity participation and explore the key factors affecting participation in recreational activities. Methods: A total of 12,712 participants, excluding individuals under 20, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. The mean age of the sample was 46.86 years (±16.97), with a gender distribution of 6,721 males and 5,991 females. The variables included demographic, physical-related variables, and lifestyle variables. This study developed 42 prediction models using six machine learning methods, including logistic regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The relative importance of each variable was evaluated by permutation feature importance. Results: The results illustrated that the LightGBM was the most effective algorithm for predicting recreational activity participation (accuracy: .838, precision: .783, recall: .967, F1-score: .865, AUC: .826). In particular, prediction performance increased when the demographic and lifestyle datasets were used together. Next, as the result of the permutation feature importance based on the top models, education level and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were found to be essential variables. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the potential of a data-driven approach utilizing machine learning in a recreational discipline. Furthermore, this study interpreted the prediction model through feature importance analysis to overcome the limitation of machine learning interpretability.
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Anderson CD, Hammond RJ, Wilde LE. Metrics for weight management success: an examination of the lifestyle score. Health Psychol Behav Med 2024; 12:2296461. [PMID: 38213740 PMCID: PMC10783842 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2023.2296461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple weight loss attempts, and weight regain are common. Various lifestyle changes are often required for success, but just diet and exercise are often promoted. The amount of lifestyle changes needed for successful weight management is still unclear. Lifestyle metrics, such as the Lifestyle Score (LS) of The Lifestyle Questionnaire for Weight Management (LQ-WM), may provide clarification and predict success rates. The range of possible scores on this measure is from -49 to 77, where higher scores suggest healthier lifestyles. Hypotheses are that higher lifestyle scores will be found with successful weight management outcomes. Method: 1,007 online participants completed the LQ-WM and other items related to weight management. Results: 90.7% (39/43) of participants with an LS of 50 + reported successful weight loss, while just 5% (2/40) reported weight regain. 35.7% (20/56) of those with LS below zero reported weight loss success, and 39.4% (13/33) reported weight regain. Significant (p < .001) mean LS differences existed between those with healthy BMI versus the obese range (m = 22.2, SD = 15.51; m = 6.70, SD = 15.97) and those reporting success versus those not reporting success (m = 26.92, SD = 17.03; m = 13.68, SD = 14.95). Discussion and Conclusions: Future studies should employ more diverse samples and use causal designs. The LS from the LQ-WM may be a helpful tool in research and clinical interactions to raise patients' awareness of behavioral patterns, increase the likelihood of success, and prevent future weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ron J. Hammond
- Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Lauren E. Wilde
- Behavioral Science Department, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
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Jo H, Baek EM. The sound of safety: exploring the determinants of prevention intention in noisy industrial workplaces. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38178066 PMCID: PMC10768458 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational noise exposure is a pervasive issue in many industries, leading to a range of health issues and sleep disturbances among workers. Additionally, there is a strong desire among these workers to prevent industrial accidents. This study, aimed at enhancing worker health and well-being, utilized a survey distributed by the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions to field workers. Data from 1285 workers were collected and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify and understand the factors affecting prevention intention in noisy work environments. Our findings indicate that health problems resulting from occupational noise exposure significantly influence insomnia, perceived severity of potential accidents, perceived benefits of preventive measures, and perceived barriers. Perceived severity was significantly correlated with prevention intention, emphasizing the role of risk perception in motivating preventive behaviors. Perceived benefits were also significantly associated with prevention intention, highlighting the importance of positive outcomes in influencing workers' behaviors. Additionally, perceived barriers showed a significant relationship with prevention intention, suggesting that overcoming these barriers is crucial in promoting preventive behaviors. Demographic factors such as gender displayed a significant association with prevention intention, while age did not. This study provides valuable insights into the multifaceted factors influencing workers' intention to prevent industrial accidents in noisy environments, underlining the importance of comprehensive data collection tools in understanding these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Jo
- Headquarters, HJ Institute of Technology and Management, 71 Jungdong-ro 39, 14721, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, 06591, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sakamoto K, Hino K, Hanazato M, Asami Y, Kondo K. Associations between older adults' going-out frequency and land price of neighbourhoods: Potency of land price as an indicator of homebound tendency. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105150. [PMID: 37572418 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the potency of land price as a general indicator of the homebound tendency of neighbourhoods. For this purpose, we focus on the associations between land price and older adults' going-out frequency, while considering the similarities and differences from factors associated with walkability. The study targets are 19,270 individuals living in the Tokyo metropolitan area who are aged 65 years or older who are not certified as needing public long-term care insurance. This study uses a two-step procedure: a) the land price of each neighbourhood is estimated using rent price data from 2010 to 2019 collected by an official Japanese realtor organization; b) the associations between older adults' goingout frequency, according to the 2016 Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, and the estimated land price of their neighbourhoods is identified using multilevel analysis. The results indicate that land price has strong negative associations with older adults' going-out frequency. Associations between land price or other walkability-associated factors, such as population density, ratio of commercial area, and proximity to the nearest train station, only appear when these factors and land price are included within the same model. The results suggest that, when inspecting homebound tendency in some neighbourhoods, factors relating to the built environment must be considered alongside land prices. Furthermore, the homebound status of older adults is a pressing challenge, especially in neighbourhoods with high land prices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimihiro Hino
- School of engineering, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hanazato
- Department of Environmental Preventive Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Asami
- School of engineering, the University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Environmental Preventive Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
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Xu J, Liu Y, Liu Y, An R, Tong Z. Integrating street view images and deep learning to explore the association between human perceptions of the built environment and cardiovascular disease in older adults. Soc Sci Med 2023; 338:116304. [PMID: 37907059 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how built environment attributes affect health remains important. While many studies have explored the objective characteristics of built environments that affect health outcomes, few have examined the role of human perceptions of built environments on physical health. Baidu Street View images and computer vision technological advances have helped researchers overcome the constraints of traditional methods of measuring human perceptions (e.g., these methods are laborious, time-consuming, and costly), allowing for large-scale measurements of human perceptions. This study estimated human perceptions of the built environment (e.g., beauty, boredom, depression, safety, vitality, and wealth) by adopting Baidu Street View images and deep learning algorithms. Negative binomial regression models were employed to analyze the relationship between human perceptions and cardiovascular disease in older adults (e.g., ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease). The results indicated that wealth perception is negatively related to the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, depression and vitality perceptions are positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, we found no relationship between beauty, boredom, safety perceptions, and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Our findings highlight the importance of human perceptions in the development of healthy city planning and facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between built environment characteristics and health outcomes in older adults. They also demonstrate that street view images have the potential to provide insights into this complicated issue, assisting in the formulation of refined interventions and health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Yaolin Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, 215316, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Rui An
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Zhaomin Tong
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
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Jeong S, Yun SB, Park SY, Mun S. Understanding cross-data dynamics of individual and social/environmental factors through a public health lens: explainable machine learning approaches. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257861. [PMID: 37954048 PMCID: PMC10639162 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rising prevalence of obesity has become a public health concern, requiring efficient and comprehensive prevention strategies. Methods This study innovatively investigated the combined influence of individual and social/environmental factors on obesity within the urban landscape of Seoul, by employing advanced machine learning approaches. We collected 'Community Health Surveys' and credit card usage data to represent individual factors. In parallel, we utilized 'Seoul Open Data' to encapsulate social/environmental factors contributing to obesity. A Random Forest model was used to predict obesity based on individual factors. The model was further subjected to Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) algorithms to determine each factor's relative importance in obesity prediction. For social/environmental factors, we used the Geographically Weighted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (GWLASSO) to calculate the regression coefficients. Results The Random Forest model predicted obesity with an accuracy of >90%. The SHAP revealed diverse influential individual obesity-related factors in each Gu district, although 'self-awareness of obesity', 'weight control experience', and 'high blood pressure experience' were among the top five influential factors across all Gu districts. The GWLASSO indicated variations in regression coefficients between social/environmental factors across different districts. Conclusion Our findings provide valuable insights for designing targeted obesity prevention programs that integrate different individual and social/environmental factors within the context of urban design, even within the same city. This study enhances the efficient development and application of explainable machine learning in devising urban health strategies. We recommend that each autonomous district consider these differential influential factors in designing their budget plans to tackle obesity effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwoo Jeong
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bum Yun
- Urban Strategy Research Division, Seoul Institute of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Yong Park
- Urban Strategy Research Division, Seoul Institute of Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul Mun
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Shin JY, Lee J, Lee JM, Ho NY. Factors affecting decreased physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic: an age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170049. [PMID: 37546321 PMCID: PMC10400446 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to investigate the association between factors affecting decreased physical activity (PA) during the COVID-19 pandemic by matching groups based on age, gender, and BMI variables using public Community Health Survey (CHS) data. Methods Data from the CHS was selected and used to investigate health-related factors related to PA, including demographic, psychological, behavioral characteristics, sociocultural, and chronic disease. Exact group matching was conducted based on age, gender, and BMI variables. Frequency analysis, Chi-square test (χ2 test), and multinominal logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data, and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were presented. The study also examined the impact of COVID-19 on PA, the fear of PA infection. Results The logistic regression analysis by gender showed that PA decreased in all age groups, males, and females during the COVID-19 pandemic. The decrease in PA was lower in age groups other than those aged 60 or older. Stress experience, residence area, housing type, drinking, smoking, education level, and fear of infection were found to affect decreased PA due to COVID-19. Specifically, experiencing stress (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.178; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.054 ~ 1.317) and increased smoking (OR = 1.332; 95% CI = 1.073 ~ 1.653) had a slightly higher impact on decreased PA. Conversely, living in a suburban area (OR = 0.653; CI = 0.585 ~ 0.728), having public housing (OR = 0.836; CI = 0.754 ~ 0.928), having less than a high school education (OR = 0.813; CI = 0.729 ~ 0.907), staying the same with alcohol (OR = 0.567; CI = 0.507 ~ 0.633) and smoking (OR = 0.836; CI = 0.728 ~ 0.959), and having low fear of infection (OR = 0.817; CI = 0.737 ~ 0.905) had a slightly lower impact on decreased PA. Conclusion PA should be maintained or increased, particularly in the context of social distancing measures during the pandemic. To ensure that PA can be sustained, a program should be developed that considers the individual's geographical location, economic status, lifestyle, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhin-Yi Shin
- Sports Science Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemoo Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Yoon Ho
- Teachers College, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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Vijayasivajie A, Mukhopadhaya P, Heaton C. An investigation of body mass distributional changes in Australia, 1995-2017/18. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2023; 50:101270. [PMID: 37437358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates changes in the distribution of body mass for adult Australians between 1995 and 2017/18. Using three nationally representative health surveys, we first apply the parametric generalised entropy (GE) class of inequality indices to measure the level of disparity in the body mass distribution. Results from the GE measure reveal that, while growth of body mass inequality is a population-wide experience, demographic and socio-economic factors explain only a modest portion of total inequality. We then apply the relative distributions (RD) method to garner richer insights on changes to the body mass distribution. The non-parametric RD method reveals growth in the proportion of adult Australians falling into the upper deciles of the body mass distribution since 1995. Then, hypothetically keeping the shape of the distribution unchanged, we discern that body mass increases across all deciles of the distribution (location effect) is an important contributor to the observed distributional change. After removing the location effect, however, we find a non-trivial role for distributional shape changes (growth of the proportion of adults at the upper and lower parts of the distribution as the proportion in the middle diminish). While our findings support current policy directions that target the population as a whole, factors driving shape changes to the body mass distribution also need consideration when designing anti-obesity campaigns, especially when aimed at women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushiya Vijayasivajie
- Economics Department, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Pundarik Mukhopadhaya
- Economics Department, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Chris Heaton
- Economics Department, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, 4-6 Eastern Road, NSW 2109, Australia
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Ghosh S, Paul M, Mondal KK, Bhattacharjee S, Bhattacharjee P. Sedentary lifestyle with increased risk of obesity in urban adult academic professionals: an epidemiological study in West Bengal, India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4895. [PMID: 36966257 PMCID: PMC10039938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31977-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat deposition is more strongly associated with obesity-related health problems including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypothyroidism, arthritis, etc. Our study aimed at identifying the cumulative role of several risk factors in developing obesity and the role of ectopic fat (visceral fat) in predicting cardiovascular disease risk in varied age groups among urban adult academic professionals in West Bengal. 650 adults (Male = 456; Female = 194) associated with the academic job (age 20-65 years) in urban West Bengal were randomly selected for anthropometric, blood biochemical, and questionnaire-based analyses. Body Mass Index and Visceral Fat% exhibited comparable association with all the other anthropometric parameters (e.g. Whole body Subcutaneous fat%: male-Linear Regression Comparison: F = 11.68; P < 0.001; female-F = 6.11; P < 0.01). Therefore, VF% acts as a risk factor alongside BMI in instances where BMI fails alone. The presence of T2DM, hypertension, and hypothyroidism in the case groups confirmed their obesity-associated longitudinal pattern of inheritance. Unhealthy diet pattern indicates improper liver function, vitamin D deficiency, and increased erythrocytic inflammation. An overall sedentary lifestyle with parental history of obesity was found to be significant in the longitudinal transmission of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandini Ghosh
- Environmental Epigenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Manabi Paul
- Environmental Epigenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Kousik Kumar Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Mugberia Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya, Bhupati Nagar, West Bengal, Purba Medinipur, 721425, India
| | | | - Pritha Bhattacharjee
- Environmental Epigenomics Lab, Department of Environmental Science, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India.
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Puppala H, Tamvada JP, Kim B, Peddinti PR. Enhanced green view index. MethodsX 2022; 9:101824. [PMID: 36081489 PMCID: PMC9445380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying street-level greenery has been the subject of interest for researchers as it has several implications for community residents. Green View Index (GVI) is a widely used parameter to compute the greenery along the streets. However, it does not account for the health of the greenery. The new Enhanced Green View Index (EGVI) that we propose computes the amount of greenery along the streets along with the health of the greenery. • The new indicator computes street-level greenery; • Considers the health of vegetation while calculating greenery; and • Helps to study the impact of street-level greenery on community residents precisely.
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Drivers to Obesity-A Study of the Association between Time Spent Commuting Daily and Obesity in the Nepean Blue Mountains Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010410. [PMID: 35010670 PMCID: PMC8744747 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a public health challenge in every country on this planet, with a substantial contribution to global mortality and morbidity. Studies of the built environment have shown some promise in understanding the drivers of this obesity pandemic. This paper contributes to this knowledge, by focusing on one aspect of the urban environment and asking whether there is an association between commuting and obesity in residents of the Nepean Blue Mountains area on the fringes of Sydney. This is a cross-sectional study with obesity being the dependent variable, and commuting the independent variable, where 45 min or less was defined as local and distant commute was more than 45 min. In the sample of 158 respondents, the risk of obesity was twice as likely in the distant commuters than in the local commuters (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.051 to 3.962, p = 0.034). Investigation of possible mediators of this association was limited by sample size; however, mode of transport was found to be a significant mediator. The results support the design of cities to provide health supporting environments for all residents, including equitable access to employment at a reasonable distance and effective public transport.
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A Systems Thinking Methodology for Studying Prevention Efforts in Communities. SYSTEMIC PRACTICE AND ACTION RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11213-020-09544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mooney SJ, Bobb JF, Hurvitz PM, Anau J, Theis MK, Drewnowski A, Aggarwal A, Gupta S, Rosenberg DE, Cook AJ, Shi X, Lozano P, Moudon AV, Arterburn D. Impact of Built Environments on Body Weight (the Moving to Health Study): Protocol for a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e16787. [PMID: 32427111 PMCID: PMC7268006 DOI: 10.2196/16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies assessing the impact of built environments on body weight are often limited by modest power to detect residential effects that are small for individuals but may nonetheless comprise large attributable risks. OBJECTIVE We used data extracted from electronic health records to construct a large retrospective cohort of patients. This cohort will be used to explore both the impact of moving between environments and the long-term impact of changing neighborhood environments. METHODS We identified members with at least 12 months of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) membership and at least one weight measurement in their records during a period between January 2005 and April 2017 in which they lived in King County, Washington. Information on member demographics, address history, diagnoses, and clinical visits data (including weight) was extracted. This paper describes the characteristics of the adult (aged 18-89 years) cohort constructed from these data. RESULTS We identified 229,755 adults representing nearly 1.2 million person-years of follow-up. The mean age at baseline was 45 years, and 58.0% (133,326/229,755) were female. Nearly one-fourth of people (55,150/229,755) moved within King County at least once during the follow-up, representing 84,698 total moves. Members tended to move to new neighborhoods matching their origin neighborhoods on residential density and property values. CONCLUSIONS Data were available in the KPWA database to construct a very large cohort based in King County, Washington. Future analyses will directly examine associations between neighborhood conditions and longitudinal changes in body weight and diabetes as well as other health conditions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/16787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jennifer F Bobb
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Philip M Hurvitz
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jane Anau
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Kay Theis
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Public Health Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dori E Rosenberg
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrea J Cook
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Paula Lozano
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David Arterburn
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
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15
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Morphology of Urban Villages in China: A Case Study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou. URBAN SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/urbansci4020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban villages play an important role in providing affordable housing to urban migrants in Chinese cities. They are considered as supplementary to the dual rural-urban system in China. Of central importance to studying urban villages is how the morphology of these informal settlements affects urban life. It is essential for urban planners and designers to examine the morphology of urban villages. This paper, therefore, investigates the morphology of urban villages using the case study of Dayuan Village in Guangzhou, China. The morphology of this urban village is tested against four main elements of urban morphology: urban density, accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Our results revealed that the type of street within the urban village has considerable influence on accessibility, functional mix, and urban interface. Regarding urban density, our results show that buildings’ height is not influenced by the centrality of buildings nor land value; however, it is likely that it is affected by planning agreements between the village committee and the local government. Land coverage does not comply with the planning regulation for residential districts. Regarding accessibility analysis, the number of entrances to streets is influenced by the type of street under analysis. The distribution of different types of functional mix is also affected by the type of street within the urban village. The buildings with a mix of ‘live/visit’ are concentrated along the formal streets and primary inner streets. The mono-functional use of ‘live’ and the bi-functional mix of ‘live/work’ are mostly located in the secondary inner streets. Regarding urban interface, our results demonstrate that the formal streets have an interface with considerable porosity, and that this can contribute to the livelihood of the immediate area.
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16
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Do the Walkability and Urban Leisure Amenities of Neighborhoods Affect the Body Mass Index of Individuals? Based on a Case Study in Seoul, South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17062060. [PMID: 32244911 PMCID: PMC7142730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of neighborhood-built environments on obesity in interrelationship with socioeconomic status (SES)—controlling for dietary patterns and physical activities of residents—using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 577 samples who are between 19 and 64 years old and reside in Seoul are extracted from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES), 2015. Neighborhood environments are represented as the two latent constructs—walkability and leisure amenities—composited with indicators such as density of intersections, density of mixed-use area, and the area of open spaces and are aggregated by jurisdictional unit in Seoul. We found that greater walkability in a neighborhood explained a lower body mass index (BMI) among residents, whereas more urban leisure amenities in a neighborhood explained a higher BMI. The finding suggests that a walking-friendly environment is more effective than active recreational amenities in inducing people to engage in daily physical activities to the level that reduces obesity rate. SES exerted a negative impact on BMI of a greater magnitude than the impact of either of the environmental living conditions, reinforcing the importance of general wealth and education level in leading to a healthy lifestyle. Our research contributes to growing evidence of a relationship between obesity and the built environment in the context of Asian countries where the prevalence of obesity is becoming a serious issue and requires immediate attention.
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17
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Hwang WJ, Kim JA. Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16244958. [PMID: 31817658 PMCID: PMC6950500 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study developed and evaluated a health management program based on the participant-centered concept of action research to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among blue collar workers. Data from structured questionnaires completed by 32 workers in a small-to-medium sized workplace from September 2015 to October 2016 as well as participants’ anthropometrical (weight and waist) and biological (blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) data were analyzed using paired t-test and Fisher’s exact test. To examine the longitudinal effect of the intervention, survival analysis and linear mixed model (LMM) were used. There was an improvement in participants’ self-regulation in maintaining health-promoting behaviors, body weight, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol following the intervention. Furthermore, the effects of the health management program continued even after the program ended. These findings suggest that the health management program developed in this study could be effective in reducing CVD risk factors among workers in small-to-medium sized workplaces and should be applied to other small-to-medium sized workplaces to foster health-promoting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ju Hwang
- College of Nursing Science, East-west Nursing Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jin Ah Kim
- Department of Nursing, Gyeongju University, 188, Taejong-ro, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38065, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-770-5169; Fax: +82-54-770-5098
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18
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Cesare N, Dwivedi P, Nguyen Q, Nsoesie EO. Use of Social Media, Search Queries, and Demographic Data to Assess Obesity Prevalence in the United States. PALGRAVE COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 5:106. [PMID: 32661492 PMCID: PMC7357895 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-019-0314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic affecting millions. Implementation of interventions to curb obesity rates requires timely surveillance. In this study, we estimated sex-specific obesity prevalence using social media, search queries, demographics and built environment variables. We collected 3,817,125 and 1,382,284 geolocated tweets on food and exercise respectively, from Twitter's streaming API from April 2015 to March 2016. We also obtained searches related to physical activity and diet from Google Search Trends for the same time period. Next, we inferred the gender of Twitter users using machine learning methods and applied mixed-effects state-level linear regression models to estimate obesity prevalence. We observed differences in discussions of physical activity and foods, with males reporting higher intensity physical activities and lower caloric foods across 40 and 48 states, respectively. Additionally, counties with the highest percentage of exercise and food tweets had lower male and female obesity prevalence. Lastly, our models separately captured overall male and female spatial trends in obesity prevalence. The average correlation between actual and estimated obesity prevalence was 0.789 (95% CI, 0.785, 0.786) and 0.830 (95% CI, 0.830, 0.831) for males and females, respectively. Social media can provide timely community-level data on health information seeking and changes in behaviors, sentiments and norms. Social media data can also be combined with other data types such as, demographics, built environment variables, diet and physical activity indicators from other digital sources (e.g., mobile applications and wearables) to monitor health behaviors at different geographic scales, and to supplement delayed estimates from traditional surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Cesare
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pallavi Dwivedi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elaine O. Nsoesie
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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19
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Tinner L, Kipping R, White J, Jago R, Metcalfe C, Hollingworth W. Cross-sectional analysis of physical activity in 2-4-year-olds in England with paediatric quality of life and family expenditure on physical activity. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:846. [PMID: 31253117 PMCID: PMC6599301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children do not meet the recommended level of daily physical activity, even with the widely acknowledged health benefits associated with being physically active. There is a need to establish factors related to physical activity in children so that public health interventions may be appropriately designed. We investigated the association between Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), family expenditure on physical activity and objectively measured daily physical activity in 2-4-year-old children. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a sample of 81 UK preschool children taking part in the NAPSACC UK feasibility randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics are presented. We undertook Student t-tests to establish differences in physical activity by gender, age, parental education and nursery versus non-nursery days. Mixed effects linear regressions were used to model the association between minutes spent physically activity, minutes spent in moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and PedsQL scores (physical and psychosocial) and family expenditure on physical activity. RESULTS Most children (88.9%) did not engage in the recommended 180 min daily physical activity. There was mean (SD) of 141.9 (33.1) daily minutes of physically activity and 22.2 min per day (SD = 9.9) of MVPA. Boys and older children were more physically active. Children were more active on nursery days. There was no difference in physical activity by parental education. Half of the sample parents (50.6%) spent less than £9.00 weekly on their pre-schooler's physical activity. Children within the highest tertile of PedsQL physical functioning scores had higher levels of MVPA (3.6, 95% CI: - 1.3-8.4, p-value 0.15), although confidence intervals crossed the null in the adjusted model. We found no evidence of an association between positive PedsQL psychosocial scores, or higher parental expenditure on physical activity, with the physical activity variables. CONCLUSIONS Children in this sample were not meeting the recommended 180 min of daily physical activity. The 2-4-year-olds were most active on nursery days. There is no evidence of an association between better PedsQL physical scores and higher levels of MVPA. There was no evidence of an association between expenditure on physical activity and time spent physically active. Further examination in larger representative datasets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tinner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | - Ruth Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - James White
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Metcalfe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - William Hollingworth
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canygne Hall, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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20
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A Hierarchical Urban Forest Index Using Street-Level Imagery and Deep Learning. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11121395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We develop a method based on computer vision and a hierarchical multilevel model to derive an Urban Street Tree Vegetation Index which aims to quantify the amount of vegetation visible from the point of view of a pedestrian. Our approach unfolds in two steps. First, areas of vegetation are detected within street-level imagery using a state-of-the-art deep neural network model. Second, information is combined from several images to derive an aggregated indicator at the area level using a hierarchical multilevel model. The comparative performance of our proposed approach is demonstrated against a widely used image segmentation technique based on a pre-labelled dataset. The approach is deployed to a real-world scenario for the city of Cardiff, Wales, using Google Street View imagery. Based on more than 200,000 street-level images, an urban tree street-level indicator is derived to measure the spatial distribution of tree cover, accounting for the presence of obstructing objects present in images at the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) level, corresponding to the most commonly used administrative areas for policy-making in the United Kingdom. The results show a high degree of correspondence between our tree street-level score and aerial tree cover estimates. They also evidence more accurate estimates at a pedestrian perspective from our tree score by more appropriately capturing tree cover in areas with large burial, woodland, formal open and informal open spaces where shallow trees are abundant, in high density residential areas with backyard trees, and along street networks with high density of high trees. The proposed approach is scalable and automatable. It can be applied to cities across the world and provides robust estimates of urban trees to advance our understanding of the link between mental health, well-being, green space and air pollution.
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21
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Kwon S, Kim W, Yang S, Choi KH. Influence of the type of occupation on osteoarthritis of the knee in men: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012. J Occup Health 2019; 61:54-62. [PMID: 30698336 PMCID: PMC6499360 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated the influence of different types of lifetime occupation on knee osteoarthritis (OA) and pain based on a nationwide survey in Korea. Methods We conducted a cross‐sectional study using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2010 to 2012. Men ≥50 years old were divided into four occupational groups: white‐collar (WC) workers, pink‐collar (PC) workers, blue‐collar (BC) workers, and agribusiness and low‐level (AL) workers. The risks for knee OA and pain development according to occupation were compared to the risks in WC workers, using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results Different occupations were associated with different levels of risk for knee OA and knee pain. The risk for knee OA was higher in BC workers and in AL workers than in WC workers, in order of higher risk. The risk for severe knee OA was likewise higher in AL workers and in BC workers, in order of higher risk. The risk for chronic knee pain was higher in AL workers, BC workers, and PC workers, in order of higher risk. The risk for moderate to severe chronic knee pain was higher in AL workers and BC workers, in order of higher risk. Conclusions The results suggest that occupation might affect the development of knee OA and presence of chronic knee pain in men ≥50 years old. WC workers are least affected by knee OA and chronic knee pain, and AL and BC workers are at clearly higher risk for knee OA and chronic knee pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kwon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyon Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hyo Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Caperon L, Arjyal A, K. C. P, Kuikel J, Newell J, Peters R, Prestwich A, King R. Developing a socio-ecological model of dietary behaviour for people living with diabetes or high blood glucose levels in urban Nepal: A qualitative investigation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214142. [PMID: 30908526 PMCID: PMC6433239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Instances of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes are on the rise globally leading to greater morbidity and mortality, with the greatest burden in low and middle income countries [LMIC]. A major contributing factor to diabetes is unhealthy dietary behaviour. We conducted 38 semi structured interviews with patients, health professionals, policy-makers and researchers in Kathmandu, Nepal, to better understand the determinants of dietary behaviour amongst patients with diabetes and high blood glucose levels. We created a social ecological model which is specific to socio-cultural context with our findings with the aim of informing culturally appropriate dietary behaviour interventions for improving dietary behaviour. Our findings show that the most influential determinants of dietary behaviour include cultural practices (gender roles relating to cooking), social support (from family and friends), the political and physical environment (political will, healthy food availability) and individuals' motivations and capabilities. Using these most influential determinants, we suggest potentially effective dietary interventions that could be implemented by policy makers. Our findings emphasise the importance of considering socio-cultural context in developing interventions and challenges one-size-fits-all approaches which are often encouraged by global guidelines. We demonstrate how multifaceted and multi layered models of behavioural influence can be used to develop policy and practice with the aim of reducing mortality and morbidity from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzie Caperon
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abriti Arjyal
- HERD International, Prasuti Griha Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Puja K. C.
- HERD International, Prasuti Griha Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jyoti Kuikel
- HERD International, Prasuti Griha Marg, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - James Newell
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Remco Peters
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Prestwich
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca King
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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23
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Spatial Accessibility of Urban Forests in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11060667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Pearl River Delta (PRD) is one of the most important economic zones both in China and in the world. Its rapid economic development has been associated with many environmental problems such as the loss of forests in urban areas. We estimated the accessibility of forests in the PRD by quantifying spatial proximity and travel time. We found that distances from a large proportion of the points of interest (POIs) (~45%) and urban lands (~38%, where ~49 urban residents live) to the nearest forests were greater than 1000 m; suggesting a low spatial proximity to forests. Urban parks—important outdoor recreational areas—appeared to have insufficient forest coverage within their 1000 m buffer zones. When forest accessibility was measured by travel time under optimal modes of transport; it was less than 15 min for most urban lands (~95%), which accommodates 98% of the total urban population. More importantly; the travel time to the nearest forest was negatively correlated with gross domestic product density (GDPd), but not with population density (POPd). The GDPd and POPd; however; increased log-linearly with the Euclidean distance to the nearest forest. In addition to the low proximity to forests; there existed inequalities among urban residents who live in areas with different levels of GDPd and POPd. Future urban planning needs not only to increase the total coverage of urban forests; but also to improve their spatial evenness across the urban landscapes in the PRD.
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24
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Hoenink JC, Lakerveld J, Rutter H, Compernolle S, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Bárdos H, Charreire H, Oppert JM, Mackenbach JD. The Moderating Role of Social Neighbourhood Factors in the Association between Features of the Physical Neighbourhood Environment and Weight Status. Obes Facts 2019; 12:14-24. [PMID: 30673683 PMCID: PMC6465716 DOI: 10.1159/000496118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper investigated the independent and joint associations between aspects of the physical neighbourhood environment and social neighbourhood factors with BMI and overweight status in European adults. METHODS Data from 5,199 participants in the SPOTLIGHT survey were analysed. Participants reported on their height, weight and perceptions of the neighbourhood. Objectively measured aspects of the physical neighbourhood environment included: presence of recreational facilities, features of the active transportation environment, neighbourhood aesthetics and presence of different types of food outlets. Social factors included the self-reported variables social network, social cohesion, social trust and perceived crime and the census variable neighbourhood socioeconomic status. Outcome measures were BMI and overweight status. Main associations between physical and social factors and BMI/overweight status were analysed using multilevel regression analyses adjusted for confounders. Moderation analysis was conducted by adding the interaction terms between physical and social neighbourhood factors one by one to the multivariable models. Significant interaction terms were then stratified. RESULTS Significant associations with BMI/overweight status were found for features of the active transportation environment and all social factors, except perceived crime. Several significant interaction terms were detected, but no significant associations between the physical neighbourhood environment and BMI/overweight status were found after stratification. CONCLUSION We did not find consistent interactions between physical and social neighbourhood factors to explain BMI and overweight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody C Hoenink
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social & Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Helga Bárdos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Helene Charreire
- Université Paris Est, LabUrba, UPEC, Créteil, France
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Jean Michel Oppert
- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (EREN), Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Statistiques, Inserm (U1153), Inra (U1125), Cnam, COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Bobigny, France
- Sorbonne Université Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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25
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Orbe-Orihuela YC, Lagunas-Martínez A, Bahena-Román M, Madrid-Marina V, Torres-Poveda K, Flores-Alfaro E, Méndez-Padrón A, Díaz-Benítez CE, Peralta-Zaragoza O, Antúnez-Ortiz D, Cruz M, Burguete-García AI. High relative abundance of firmicutes and increased TNF-α levels correlate with obesity in children. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2018; 60:5-11. [PMID: 29689651 DOI: 10.21149/8133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation among pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines and the two main gut microbiota phyla in obese children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anthropometric data were obtained from 890 children under 14 years old to determine the degree of obesity. Serum cytokine concentration was measured by ELISA. Relative abundance of gut microbiota in feces was evaluated by quantitative RealTime PCR assays. RESULTS Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were statistically higher in overweigth/ obese children (OW/O) than in lean (NW), Increased TNF-α levels were found in obese children that also have a high relative abundance of Firmicutes. CONCLUSIONS Obese children have a high relative abundance of Firmicutes that correlates with increased levels of TNF-α. This is the first study that shows a relation between Firmicute abundance and TNF-α serum concentration in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaneth C Orbe-Orihuela
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Margarita Bahena-Román
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Vicente Madrid-Marina
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Kirvis Torres-Poveda
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Araceli Méndez-Padrón
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cinthya E Díaz-Benítez
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Oscar Peralta-Zaragoza
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Antúnez-Ortiz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana I Burguete-García
- Dirección de Infecciones Crónicas y Cáncer, Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública. Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Sullivan SM, Peters ES, Trapido EJ, Oral E, Scribner RA, Rung AL. Neighborhood Environment Measurements and Anthropometric Indicators of Obesity: Results from the Women and Their Children's Health (WaTCH) Study. ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 50:1032-1055. [PMID: 31571678 PMCID: PMC6768073 DOI: 10.1177/0013916517726827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We compared geographic information system (GIS)- and Census-based approaches for measuring the physical and social neighborhood environment at the census tract-level versus and audit approach on associations with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Data were used from the 2012-2014 Women and Their Children's Health (WaTCH) Study (n=940). Generalized linear models were used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for BMI (≥30 kg/m2), WC (>88 cm), and WHR (>0.85). Using an audit approach, more adverse neighborhood characteristics were associated with a higher odds of WC (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and WHR (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.14) after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, income, and oil spill exposure. There were no significant associations between GIS- and Census- based measures with obesity in adjusted models. Quality aspects of the neighborhood environment captured by audits at the individual-level may be more relevant to obesity than physical or social aspects at the census-tract level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaah M. Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Edward S. Peters
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Edward J. Trapido
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Evrim Oral
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Richard A. Scribner
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ariane L. Rung
- Epidemiology Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Liu SR, Kia-Keating M, Santacrose DE, Modir S. Linking profiles of neighborhood elements to health and related outcomes among children across the United States. Health Place 2018; 53:203-209. [PMID: 30179750 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored association of neighborhood elements to children's health and related outcomes. Nationally representative data (N = 49,513,974, ages 6-17, 51.1% Male) was used to empirically define classes of neighborhoods based on presence or absence of various neighborhood elements. Analyses resulted in a three-class model: 1) "High Assets, Low Disorganization" (64.57%), 2) "High Assets, High Disorganization" (13.51%), and 3) "Few Assets, Low Disorganization" (21.91%). Class Membership was differentially associated with health, flourishing, and neighborhood cohesion. Results suggest health interventions should focus on increasing neighborhood assets, decreasing levels of neighborhood violence and poverty, and improving social dynamics of neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina R Liu
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Diana E Santacrose
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Sheila Modir
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Maharana A, Nsoesie EO. Use of Deep Learning to Examine the Association of the Built Environment With Prevalence of Neighborhood Adult Obesity. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e181535. [PMID: 30646134 PMCID: PMC6324519 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE More than one-third of the adult population in the United States is obese. Obesity has been linked to factors such as genetics, diet, physical activity, and the environment. However, evidence indicating associations between the built environment and obesity has varied across studies and geographical contexts. OBJECTIVE To propose an approach for consistent measurement of the features of the built environment (ie, both natural and modified elements of the physical environment) and its association with obesity prevalence to allow for comparison across studies. DESIGN The cross-sectional study was conducted from February 14 through October 31, 2017. A convolutional neural network, a deep learning approach, was applied to approximately 150 000 high-resolution satellite images from Google Static Maps API (application programing interface) to extract features of the built environment in Los Angeles, California; Memphis, Tennessee; San Antonio, Texas; and Seattle (representing Seattle, Tacoma, and Bellevue), Washington. Data on adult obesity prevalence were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 500 Cities project. Regression models were used to quantify the association between the features and obesity prevalence across census tracts. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Model-estimated obesity prevalence (obesity defined as body mass index ≥30, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) based on built environment information. RESULTS The study included 1695 census tracts in 6 cities. The age-adjusted obesity prevalence was 18.8% (95% CI, 18.6%-18.9%) for Bellevue, 22.4% (95% CI, 22.3%-22.5%) for Seattle, 30.8% (95% CI, 30.6%-31.0%) for Tacoma, 26.7% (95% CI, 26.7%-26.8%) for Los Angeles, 36.3% (95% CI, 36.2%-36.5%) for Memphis, and 32.9% (95% CI, 32.8%-32.9%) for San Antonio. Features of the built environment explained 64.8% (root mean square error [RMSE], 4.3) of the variation in obesity prevalence across all census tracts. Individually, the variation explained was 55.8% (RMSE, 3.2) for Seattle (213 census tracts), 56.1% (RMSE, 4.2) for Los Angeles (993 census tracts), 73.3% (RMSE, 4.5) for Memphis (178 census tracts), and 61.5% (RMSE, 3.5) for San Antonio (311 census tracts). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study illustrates that convolutional neural networks can be used to automate the extraction of features of the built environment from satellite images for studying health indicators. Understanding the association between specific features of the built environment and obesity prevalence can lead to structural changes that could encourage physical activity and decreases in obesity prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adyasha Maharana
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle
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Gray LA, Hernandez Alava M, Kelly MP, Campbell MJ. Family lifestyle dynamics and childhood obesity: evidence from the millennium cohort study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:500. [PMID: 29807535 PMCID: PMC5971431 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing but the causes are not fully understood. Recent public health interventions and guidance aiming to reduce childhood obesity have focused on the whole family, as opposed to just the child but there remains a lack of empirical evidence examining this relationship. Methods Using data from the longitudinal Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), we investigate the dynamic relationship between underlying family lifestyle and childhood obesity during early childhood. The MCS interviewed parents shortly after the birth of their child and follow up interviews were carried out when the child was 3, 5 and 7 years. We use a dynamic latent factor model, an approach that allows us to identify family lifestyle, its evolution over time (in this case between birth and 7 years) and its influence on childhood obesity and other observable outcomes. Results We find that family lifestyle is persistent, 87.43% of families which were above the 95th percentile on the lifestyle distribution, remained above the 95th percentile when the child was 7 years old. Family lifestyle has a significant influence on all outcomes in the study, including diet, exercise and parental weight status; family lifestyle accounts for 11.3% of the variation in child weight by age 7 years. Conclusion The analysis suggests that interventions should therefore be prolonged and persuasive and target the underlying lifestyle of a family as early as possible during childhood in order to have the greatest cumulative influence. Our results suggest that children from advantaged backgrounds are more likely to be exposed to healthier lifestyles and that this leads to inequalities in the prevalence of obesity. To reduce inequalities in childhood obesity, policy makers should target disadvantaged families and design interventions specifically for these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gray
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - Monica Hernandez Alava
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Design, Trials and Statistics, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
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Food Shopping and Acquisition Behaviors in Relation to BMI among Residents of Low-Income Communities in South Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091075. [PMID: 28926937 PMCID: PMC5615612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-income areas in which residents have poor access to healthy foods have been referred to as "food deserts." It is thought that improving food access may help curb the obesity epidemic. Little is known about where residents of food deserts shop and if shopping habits are associated with body mass index (BMI). We evaluated the association of food shopping and acquisition (e.g., obtaining food from church, food pantries, etc.) with BMI among 459 residents of low-income communities from two South Carolina counties, 81% of whom lived in United States Department of Agriculture-designated food deserts. Participants were interviewed about food shopping and acquisition and perceptions of their food environment, and weight and height were measured. Distances to food retail outlets were determined. Multivariable linear regression analysis was employed. Our study sample comprising largely African-American women had an average BMI of 32.5 kg/m². The vast majority of study participants shopped at supermarkets (61%) or supercenters/warehouse clubs (27%). Shopping at a supercenter or warehouse club as one's primary store was significantly associated with a 2.6 kg/m² higher BMI compared to shopping at a supermarket, independent of demographics, socioeconomics, physical activity, and all other food shopping/acquisition behaviors. Persons who reported shopping at a small grocery store or a convenience or dollar store as their tertiary store had a 2.6 kg/m² lower BMI. Respondents who perceived lack of access to adequate food shopping in their neighborhoods as a problem had higher BMI. Living in a food desert census tract was not significantly associated with BMI. Other shopping attributes, including distance to utilized and nearest grocery stores, were not independently associated with BMI. These findings call into question the idea that poor spatial access to grocery stores is a key underlying factor affecting the obesity epidemic. Future research should consider assessing foods purchased and dietary intake within a comprehensive study of food shopping behaviors and health outcomes among persons living in food deserts.
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Kim J, Shon C, Yi S. The Relationship between Obesity and Urban Environment in Seoul. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080898. [PMID: 28792465 PMCID: PMC5580601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that brings about a myriad of health consequences. In the past, policies for combating obesity mainly focused on improving individual health and behavior, but nowadays some policies have changed and now concentrate on improving the built environment believing this can improve health through positive changes to health-related behaviors. We examined whether both individual and environmental factors were associated with body mass index in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. Data from the 2011 and 2013 Community Health Surveys were used (n = 20,147 men and 25,300 women). We staged multilevel logistic regression models to estimate the effect of individual and environmental factors on obesity. Among individual covariates, high-risk drinking, the time spent watching TV and surfing the Internet, high salt intake, stress, and the negative recognition of health were significantly associated with obesity. When controlling individual covariates, the number of sports facilities, number of fried chicken stores, and food insecurity level were statistically associated with probability of obesity. Therefore, this study emphasizes that it is important not only to improve the health behavior of the individual, but also to improve the urban environment in order to reduce the obesity rates of city dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungah Kim
- The Seoul Institute, 57 Nambusunhwan-ro, 340-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06756, Korea.
| | - Changwoo Shon
- The Seoul Institute, 57 Nambusunhwan-ro, 340-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06756, Korea.
| | - Seonju Yi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Spatial distribution and physical activity: implications for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-017-0349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sarkar C, Webster C. Healthy Cities of Tomorrow: the Case for Large Scale Built Environment-Health Studies. J Urban Health 2017; 94:4-19. [PMID: 28116584 PMCID: PMC5359177 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-016-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Department of Land Economy, Cambridge University, 19 Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, UK
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Morales LF, Gordon-Larsen P, Guilkey D. Obesity and health-related decisions: An empirical model of the determinants of weight status across the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2016; 23:46-62. [PMID: 27459276 PMCID: PMC5358100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We estimate a structural dynamic model of the determinants of obesity. In addition to including many of the well-recognized endogenous factors mentioned in the literature as obesity determinants, we also model the individual's residential location as a choice variable, which is the main contribution of this paper to the literature. This allows us to control for an individual's self-selection into communities that possess the types of amenities in the built environment, which in turn affect their obesity-related behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and fast food consumption. We specify reduced form equations for a set of endogenous demand decisions, together with an obesity structural equation. The whole system of equations is jointly estimated by a semi-parametric full information log-likelihood method that allows for a general pattern of correlation in the errors across equations. Our model predicts a reduction in adult obesity of 7 percentage points as a result of a continued high level PA from adolescence into adulthood; a reduction of 0.7 (3) percentage points in adult obesity as a result of one standard deviation reduction in weekly fast food consumption for women (men); and a reduction of 0.02 (0.05) in adult obesity as a result of one standard deviation change in several neighborhood amenities for women (men). Another key finding is that controlling for residential self-selection has substantive implications. To our knowledge, this has not been yet documented within a full information maximum likelihood framework.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Guilkey
- Dept of Economics Carolina Population Center, United States.
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Rioux L, Werner CM, Mokounkolo R, Brown BB. Walking in Two French Neighborhoods: A Study of How Park Numbers and Locations Relate to Everyday Walking. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 48:169-184. [PMID: 28579664 PMCID: PMC5448407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Research indicates that people are drawn to green spaces with attractive amenities. This study extends that finding by comparing walking patterns in two neighborhoods with different numbers of parks; parks did not differ in rated attractiveness nor did neighborhoods differ substantially in rated walkability. Adults, aged 32-86 years (n = 90), drew their 3 most recent walking routes on maps of their neighborhood. Analyses showed that participants' round trips were longer by 265.5 meters (.16 mile) in the neighborhood with a single, large, centrally located park (p < .02). However, participants in the neighborhood with multiple, small, more distributed parks, visited more streets, p < .001, more streets with green spaces, p < .038, and used more varied routes, p < .012. Results suggest there are potential benefits to both layouts. Large centralized parks may invite longer walks; smaller, well-distributed parks may invite more varied routes suggestive of appropriation and motivation processes. Both layouts might be combined in a single neighborhood to attract more walkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Rioux
- University of Paris Ouest Nanterre, Department of Psychology, 200 avenue de la République, F-92001. Nanterre, France
| | - Carol M. Werner
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology, 380 S. 1530 E. Rm 502 BehS, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0251, USA
| | - Rene Mokounkolo
- University of Tours, Departement of Psychology, 3 rue des Tanneurs, F-37041 Tours cedex1, France
| | - Barbara B. Brown
- University of Utah Department of Family and Consumer Studies, 225 S 1400 E., Rm 228 Emery Bldg, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Rundle A, Diez Roux AV, Free LM, Miller D, Neckerman KM, Weiss CC. The Urban Built Environment and Obesity in New York City: A Multilevel Analysis. Am J Health Promot 2016; 21:326-34. [PMID: 17465178 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-21.4s.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To examine whether urban form is associated with body size within a densely-settled city. Design. Cross-sectional analysis using multilevel modeling to relate body mass index (BMI) to built environment resources. Setting. Census tracts (n = 1989) within the five boroughs of New York City. Subjects. Adult volunteers (n = 13,102) from the five boroughs of New York City recruited between January 2000 and December 2002. Measures. The dependent variable was objectively-measured BMI. Independent variables included land use mix; bus and subway stop density; population density; and intersection density. Covariates included age, gender, race, education, and census tract–level poverty and race/ethnicity. Analysis. Cross-sectional multilevel analyses. Results. Mixed land use (Beta = 2.55, p < .01), density of bus stops (Beta = −.01, p < .01) and subway stops (Beta = −.06, p < .01), and population density (Beta = −.25, p < .001), but not intersection density (Beta = −.002) were significantly inversely associated with BMI after adjustment for individual- and neighborhood-level sociodemographic characteristics. Comparing the 90th to the 10th percentile of each built environment variable, the predicted adjusted difference in BMI with increased mixed land use was −.41 units, with bus stop density was −.33 units, with subway stop density was −.34 units, and with population density was −.86 units. Conclusion. BMI is associated with built environment characteristics in New York City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rundle
- Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, Room 730, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Drewnowski A, Aggarwal A, Tang W, Hurvitz PM, Scully J, Stewart O, Moudon AV. Obesity, diet quality, physical activity, and the built environment: the need for behavioral pathways. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1153. [PMID: 27832766 PMCID: PMC5105275 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment (BE) is said to influence local obesity rates. Few studies have explored causal pathways between home-neighborhood BE variables and health outcomes such as obesity. Such pathways are likely to involve both physical activity and diet. METHODS The Seattle Obesity Study (SOS II) was a longitudinal cohort of 440 adult residents of King Co, WA. Home addresses were geocoded. Home-neighborhood BE measures were framed as counts and densities of food sources and physical activity locations. Tax parcel property values were obtained from County tax assessor. Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2010) scores were constructed using data from food frequency questionnaires. Physical activity (PA) was obtained by self-report. Weights and heights were measured at baseline and following 12 months' exposure. Multivariable regressions examined the associations among BE measures at baseline, health behaviors (HEI-2010 and physical activity) at baseline, and health outcome both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. RESULTS None of the conventional neighborhood BE metrics were associated either with diet quality, or with meeting PA guidelines. Only higher property values did predict better diets and more physical activity. Better diets and more physical activity were associated with lower obesity prevalence at baseline and 12 mo, but did not predict weight change. CONCLUSION Any links between the BE and health outcomes critically depend on establishing appropriate behavioral pathways. In this study, home-centric BE measures, were not related to physical activity or to diet. Further studies will need to consider a broader range of BE attributes that may be related to diets and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,University of Washington, Box 353410, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Wesley Tang
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Philip M Hurvitz
- Urban Form Lab, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jason Scully
- Urban Form Lab, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Orion Stewart
- Urban Form Lab, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Urban Form Lab, 1107 NE 45th St, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
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Boehmer TK, Lovegreen SL, Haire-Joshu D, Brownson RC. What Constitutes an Obesogenic Environment in Rural Communities? Am J Health Promot 2016; 20:411-21. [PMID: 16871821 DOI: 10.4278/0890-1171-20.6.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify perceived indicators of the physical environment associated with obesity in rural communities. DESIGN Cross-sectional telephone survey. SETTING Thirteen communities in rural Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas, 2003. SUBJECTS A total of 2510 adults completed the survey and 2210 respondents were included in the analysis (74% female, 93% white, and 27% obese). MEASURES The 106-item survey measured perceptions of the neighborhood environment (recreational facilities, land use, transportation/safety, aesthetics, and food environment) and health-related behaviors. The primary outcome was obese (body mass index [BMI] > or = 30 kg/mn2) vs. normal weight (BMI = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). ANALYSIS Logistic regression was used to control for age, gender and education. RESULTS Several indicators of the perceived neighborhood environment were associated with being obese (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]), including furthest distance to the nearest recreational facility (1.8 [1.3-2.4]), unpleasant community for physical activity (1.8 [1.3-2.6]), feeling unsafe from crime (2.1 [1.5-2.9]) or traffic (1.7 [1.2-2.3]), and few nonresidential destinations (1.4 [1.0-1.9]). Distance to recreational facilities and crime safety remained significant in the multivariate model, along with dietary-fat intake, sedentary behavior, and moderate/vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION This study adds to a growing evidence base of environmental correlates of obesity and makes a unique contribution regarding rural communities. If causality is established, environmental interventions that target obesogenic neighborhood features may reduce the prevalence of obesity on a population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan K Boehmer
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Smart Homes and Sensors for Surveillance and Preventive Education at Home: Example of Obesity. INFORMATION 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/info7030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Steve SL, Tung EL, Schlichtman JJ, Peek ME. Social Disorder in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Building on Race, Place, and Poverty. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:72. [PMID: 27319322 PMCID: PMC4950677 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The recent resurgence of social and civic disquiet in the USA has contributed to increasing recognition that social conditions are meaningfully connected to disease and death. As a "lifestyle disease," control of diabetes requires modifications to daily activities, including healthy dietary practices, regular physical activity, and adherence to treatment regimens. One's ability to develop the healthy practices necessary to prevent or control type 2 diabetes may be influenced by a context of social disorder, the disruptive social and economic conditions that influence daily activity and, consequently, health status. In this paper, we report on our narrative review of the literature that explores the associations between social disorder and diabetes-related health outcomes within vulnerable communities. We also propose a multilevel ecosocial model for conceptualizing social disorder, specifically focusing on its role in racial disparities and its pathways to mediating diabetes outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantell L. Steve
- Department of Behavioral and Social Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Tung
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Chicago Center of Diabetes Translation Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Monica E. Peek
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Chicago Center of Diabetes Translation Research, MacLean Center for Clinical Medical Ethics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
Design and implementation of health-promoting community interventions can advance public health and community well-being; however, realization of such programs is often challenging. Even more challenging is the implementation of ecologic interventions to revitalize built urban environments. A structured intervention entitled `Intersection Repair` was devised in Portland, Oregon, by a non-profit organization, to implement urban gathering places in the public right of way; specific steps included situation analysis, community outreach, asset mapping, design workshops, construction permitting, building workshops, and process evaluation. The community created human-scale urban landscapes with interactive art installations to encourage social interactions. Such aesthetic improvements, which included painted street murals, information kiosks, hanging gardens, water fountains, benches, and so on, were intended to strengthen social networks and social capital by providing places for residents to engage in conversation. Community engagement in neighborhood design benefits the public at multiple levels, by promoting a healthier lifestyle, over and above urban landscape improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Semenza
- School of Community Health at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, USA
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42
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What’s the Score? Walkable Environments and Subsidized Households. SUSTAINABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/su8040396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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43
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Chaudhury M, Oliver M, Badland HM, Mavoa S. Public Open Spaces, Children’s Independent Mobility. PLAY AND RECREATION, HEALTH AND WELLBEING 2016:315-335. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-4585-51-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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44
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Effect of straight-line and road network distances to parks and markets on anthropometric measurements, biochemical markers, and a healthy lifestyle in adult people. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-015-0253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Hansen AY, Umstattd Meyer MR, Lenardson JD, Hartley D. Built Environments and Active Living in Rural and Remote Areas: a Review of the Literature. Curr Obes Rep 2015; 4:484-93. [PMID: 26364307 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-015-0180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rural children and adults are more likely to have obesity than their urban counterparts even after adjustment for individual-level behaviors, suggesting that rural environments may promote obesity. The rural built environment may be an important area of research that can help us understand rural-urban disparities in obesity. The purpose of this review is to summarize the rural built environment and active living literature, and to address key issues, gaps, and observations in the field. A literature review was conducted in spring 2015 to identify research published from 2000 to 2015. Our review suggests that limited active living built environments in rural communities and unique rural barriers to physical activity may contribute to a higher prevalence of obesity compared to urban populations. More empirical research is needed to build the evidence-base for the association between rural built environments, active living, and obesity. School- and community-based policies that expand active living opportunities in rural areas should also be closely examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anush Yousefian Hansen
- Maine Rural Health Research Center, University of Southern Maine, 404G Wishcamper Center, 34 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04104, USA.
| | - M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place, #97313, Waco, TX, 76798, USA.
| | - Jennifer D Lenardson
- Maine Rural Health Research Center, University of Southern Maine, 432B Wishcamper Center, 34 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04104, USA.
| | - David Hartley
- Maine Rural Health Research Center, University of Southern Maine, 418 Wishcamper Center, 34 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04104, USA.
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Tait PW, McMichael AJ, Hanna EG. Determinants of health: the contribution of the natural environment. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 38:104-7. [PMID: 24690045 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Tait
- Ecology and Environment Special Interest Group, Public Health Association Australia
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47
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Lordan G, Pakrashi D. Do All Activities "Weigh" Equally? How Different Physical Activities Differ as Predictors of Weight. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2015; 35:2069-2086. [PMID: 25989894 DOI: 10.1111/risa.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In Britain, it is recommended that, to stay healthy, adults should do 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity every week. The recommendations provided by the U.K. government, however, remain silent in regard to the type of activity that should be done. Using the annual Health Survey for England we compare how different types of physical activities predict a person's weight. In particular, we consider clinically measured body mass index and waist circumference. We document mean slopes emanating from ordinary least squares regressions with these measures as the dependent variables. We show that individuals who walk at a brisk or fast pace are more likely to have a lower weight when compared to individuals doing other activities. Additionally, we highlight that the association between physical activity and weight is stronger for females and individuals over the age of 50. Our overall conclusions are robust to a number of specifications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debayan Pakrashi
- School of Economics, University of Queensland. Present Address: Faculty of Economics, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India.
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48
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Pirgon Ö, Aslan N. The Role of Urbanization in Childhood Obesity. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2015; 7:163-7. [PMID: 26831548 PMCID: PMC4677549 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is becoming the most frequently diagnosed chronic disease in many countries affecting all age groups and specifically the pediatric population. To date, most approaches have focused on changing the behavior of individuals with respect to diet and exercise. Almost all researchers agree that prevention could be the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic of obesity. Prevention may be achieved by changes in lifestyle through a variety of interventions targeting the urban environment, physical activity, time spent watching television and playing computer games and consumption of carbonated drinks. However, as yet, these strategies seem to have had little impact on the growing increase of the obesity epidemic. In this article, we aimed to discuss the effect of rapid urbanization on childhood obesity and to suggest solutions to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Pirgon
- Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Isparta, Turkey Phone: +90 246 211 93 02 E-mail:
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49
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De Bourdeaudhuij I, Van Dyck D, Salvo D, Davey R, Reis RS, Schofield G, Sarmiento OL, Mitas J, Christiansen LB, MacFarlane D, Sugiyama T, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Owen N, Conway TL, Sallis JF, Cerin E. International study of perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes and Body Mass Index: IPEN Adult study in 12 countries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:62. [PMID: 25982214 PMCID: PMC4440250 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological models of health behaviour are an important conceptual framework to address the multiple correlates of obesity. Several single-country studies previously examined the relationship between the built environment and obesity in adults, but results are very diverse. An important reason for these mixed results is the limited variability in built environments in these single-country studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine associations between perceived neighbourhood built environmental attributes and BMI/weight status in a multi-country study including 12 environmentally and culturally diverse countries. Methods A multi-site cross-sectional study was conducted in 17 cities (study sites) across 12 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, the UK and USA). Participants (n = 14222, 18–66 years) self-reported perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes. Height and weight were self-reported in eight countries, and measured in person in four countries. Results Three environmental attributes were associated with BMI or weight status in pooled data from 12 countries. Safety from traffic was the most robust correlate, suggesting that creating safe routes for walking/cycling by reducing the speed and volume of traffic might have a positive impact upon weight status/BMI across various geographical locations. Close proximity to several local destinations was associated with BMI across all countries, suggesting compact neighbourhoods with more places to walk related to lower BMI. Safety from crime showed a curvilinear relationship with BMI, with especially poor crime safety being related to higher BMI. Conclusions Environmental interventions involving these three attributes appear to have international relevance and focusing on these might have implications for tackling overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, Canberra University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo S Reis
- School of Health and Biosciences, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil. .,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Grant Schofield
- Human Potential Centre, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Josef Mitas
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký Universitsy, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Duncan MacFarlane
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- School of Population Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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50
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Cunningham-Myrie CA, Theall KP, Younger NO, Mabile EA, Tulloch-Reid MK, Francis DK, McFarlane SR, Gordon-Strachan GM, Wilks RJ. Associations between neighborhood effects and physical activity, obesity, and diabetes: The Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey 2008. J Clin Epidemiol 2015; 68:970-8. [PMID: 25910912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of neighborhood disorder, perceived neighborhood safety, and availability of recreational facilities on prevalence of physical activity (PA), obesity, and diabetes mellitus (DM). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Multilevel analyses were conducted among 2,848 respondents from the 2007-08 Jamaica Health and Lifestyle Survey. Neighborhood effects were based on aggregated interviewer responses to systematic social observation questions. Mixed-effect logistic regression models were created to assess the relationship between neighborhood indicators and DM and the modifiable risk factors PA and overweight/obesity. RESULTS There was significant clustering in PA levels of 20 minutes at least once per week (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 10.7%), low/no PA (ICC = 7.22%), diabetes (ICC = 5.44%), and obesity (ICC = 3.33%) across neighborhoods. Greater levels of neighborhood disorder, home disorder, and counterintuitively recreational space availability were associated with higher levels of low/no PA among women. There was significant interaction by sex between neighborhood infrastructure and overweight/obesity with a significant association in men (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.28) but not women (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.95, 1.07). CONCLUSION Differences in PA and obesity-related outcomes among Jamaicans may be partially explained by characteristics of the neighborhood environment and differ by sex. Future studies must be conducted to determine the mechanistic pathways through which the neighborhood environment may impact such outcomes to better inform prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Andrea Cunningham-Myrie
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica; Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
| | - Katherine P Theall
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Novie O Younger
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Emily A Mabile
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Marshall K Tulloch-Reid
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Damian K Francis
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Shelly R McFarlane
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Rainford J Wilks
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
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