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Ogwu MC, Malík M, Tlustoš P, Patočka J. The psychostimulant drug, fenethylline (captagon): Health risks, addiction and the global impact of illicit trade. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2025; 15:100323. [PMID: 40151181 PMCID: PMC11946500 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2025.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Fenethylline (street name, captagon) is a synthetic amphetamine-type stimulant that is emerging as a significant public health and security concern, particularly in the Middle East. This systematic review synthesizes original research articles, epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, policy analyses, and case reports to provide a comprehensive analysis of fenethylline's health impacts, addiction potential, and dynamics of illicit trade. Initially developed for therapeutic use, fenethylline illicit production and use have escalated, raising concern about its physiological, psychological, and socio-economic impacts. This stimulant profoundly affects the central nervous system, enhancing wakefulness, concentration, and physical stamina while inducing euphoria. These effects come at the cost of serious adverse health outcomes, particularly with prolonged or heavy use, including cardiovascular complications, neurological damage, and addiction. The dependence-forming nature of captagon contributes to escalating substance use disorders, impacting healthcare systems. Beyond its biomedical implications, fenethylline trafficking has become a global issue, with supply chains deeply intertwined with politically unstable regions where illicit economies thrive. The geopolitical dimensions of captagon's trade amplify its global security threat, influencing international relations and regional stability. This paper underscores the urgent need for systematic data collection and coordinated efforts to regulate illicit fenethylline production and distribution. Strategies such as improved surveillance, public health interventions, and international cooperation are essential to mitigate its escalating risks. Addressing this issue requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating public health, law enforcement, and policy development to curb its impact on global health and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chidozie Ogwu
- Goodnight Family Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, 212 Living Learning Center, 305 Bodenheimer Drive, Boone, NC 28608, United States
| | - Matěj Malík
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, Praha 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tlustoš
- Department of Agroenvironmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, Praha 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Patočka
- Department of Radiology, Toxicology and Civil Protection, Faculty of Health and Social Studies, University of South Bohemia, J. Boreckého 1167/27, České Budějovice 370 11, Czech Republic
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2
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Elman I. Treatments for weight gain in schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2025; 38:159-168. [PMID: 40009761 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and related metabolic disorders are extremely common in psychiatric patients, particularly in those with schizophrenia. Elucidating this link's neurobiology may inform clinicians and researchers of rational therapeutic approaches necessary to optimize clinical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Current literature highlights the pivotal role of the inflammation-oxidative stress-insulin resistance loop in the pathophysiology of both metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. The concept of 'diabetophrenia' is put forward to highlight the overlapping neurobiological mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction and schizophrenia symptoms. Innovative treatments, including the combination of xanomeline with trospium and incretin-based medicines, demonstrate encouraging potential in addressing such complex health challenges. SUMMARY The nuanced dynamics of chronic inflammation and psychiatric symptomatology underscore the significance of addressing both metabolic and mental health factors in a cohesive fashion while considering unique psychosocial contexts, dietary preferences, and lifestyle choices. A multidisciplinary strategy is essential for incorporating counseling, dietary interventions, behavioral therapies, and pharmacotherapy into the management of schizophrenia. The ensuing enhanced collaboration among healthcare professionals may render obsolete the prevailing siloed conceptualizations of mental disorders, opening new vistas for generating synergistic insights into the mind-body systems and leading to improved health and quality of life for patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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3
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Condominas E, Sanchez-Niubo A, Domènech-Abella J, Haro JM, Bailon R, Giné-Vázquez I, Riquelme G, Matcham F, Lamers F, Kontaxis S, Laporta E, Garcia E, Peñarrubia Maria MT, White KM, Oetzmann C, Annas P, Hotopf M, Penninx BWJH, Narayan VA, Folarin A, Leightley D, Cummins N, Ranjan Y, de Girolamo G, Preti A, Simblett S, Wykes T, Myin-Germeys I, Dobson R, Siddi S. Exploring the dynamic relationships between nocturnal heart rate, sleep disruptions, anxiety levels, and depression severity over time in recurrent major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2025; 376:139-148. [PMID: 39922289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2025.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 01/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/10/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated night resting heart rate (HR) has been associated with increased depression severity, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of sleep disturbance and the influence of anxiety on the relationship between night resting HR and depression severity. METHODS This is a secondary data analysis of data collected in the Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse (RADAR) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) longitudinal mobile health study, encompassing 461 participants (1774 observations) across three national centers (Netherlands, Spain, and the UK). Depression severity, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were assessed every three months. Night resting HR parameters in the 2 weeks preceding assessments were measured using a wrist-worn Fitbit device. Linear mixed models and causal mediation analysis were employed to examine the impact of sleep disturbance and anxiety on night resting HR on depression severity. Covariates included age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, antidepressant use, and comorbidities with other medical conditions. RESULTS Higher night resting HR was linked to subsequent depressive severity, through the mediation of sleep disturbance. Anxiety contributed to an exacerbated level of sleep disturbance, subsequently intensifying depression severity. Anxiety exhibited no direct effect on night resting HR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the effect of night resting HR on depression severity, and anxiety on depression severity. This insight has potential implications for early identification of indicators signalling worsening depression symptoms, enabling clinicians to initiate timely and responsive treatment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Condominas
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Sanchez-Niubo
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Domènech-Abella
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Raquel Bailon
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Centros de investigación biomédica en red en el área de bioingeniería, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iago Giné-Vázquez
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Riquelme
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Faith Matcham
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Femke Lamers
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Spyridon Kontaxis
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Laporta
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Garcia
- Centros de investigación biomédica en red en el área de bioingeniería, biomateriales y nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain; Microelectrónica y Sistemas Electrónicos, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, CIBER, Spain
| | | | - Katie M White
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Carolin Oetzmann
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Hotopf
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Amos Folarin
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Daniel Leightley
- Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Cummins
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Yathart Ranjan
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | | | - Antonio Preti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Simblett
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department for Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Richard Dobson
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Sara Siddi
- Impact and Prevention of Mental Disorders Research Group, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institut, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
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Piersol KL, Buckman JF. Elevated blood pressure, stroke volume, and vascular tone in young women who use oral contraception. Int J Psychophysiol 2025; 211:112557. [PMID: 40118386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2025] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Use of hormonal contraception is important to consider as a risk or protective factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Prior reports of short and long-term effects of hormonal contraception on cardiovascular disease allude to its potential for immediate and delayed cardiovascular effects, but the nature of direct early cardiovascular changes as the result of hormonal contraception use remains understudied. This cross-sectional data analysis add-on study compared differences in cardiovascular function of naturally cycling women (n = 90) and women using oral contraceptive pills (n = 35) at rest and in response to physiological breathing challenges that activated the sympathetic (paced sighing) or parasympathetic (slow paced breathing) nervous systems. Results showed women using oral contraception had elevated resting systolic blood pressure as well as increased stroke volume and shortened pulse transit time (i.e., vasoconstriction) relative to naturally cycling women. Despite resting differences, both groups responded similarly to breathing challenges. Elevated resting blood pressure and altered sympathetic control, even at preclinical levels, may increase physiological wear-and-tear, particularly if hormonal contraceptive use continues over long periods of time. These findings are particularly compelling considering the youth and health of the current sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University- New Brunswick, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University- New Brunswick, 70 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Hafez OA, Chang RB. Regulation of Cardiac Function by the Autonomic Nervous System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2025; 40:0. [PMID: 39585760 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system is critical for regulating cardiovascular physiology. The neurocardiac axis encompasses multiple levels of control, including the motor circuits of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, sensory neurons that contribute to cardiac reflexes, and the intrinsic cardiac nervous system that provides localized sensing and regulation of the heart. Disruption of these systems can lead to significant clinical conditions. Recent advances have enhanced our understanding of the autonomic control of the heart, detailing the specific neuronal populations involved and their physiologic roles. In this review, we discuss this research at each level of the neurocardiac axis. We conclude by discussing the clinical field of neurocardiology and attempts to translate this new understanding of neurocardiac physiology to the clinic. We highlight the contributions of autonomic dysfunction in prevalent cardiovascular diseases and assess the current status of novel neuroscience-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A Hafez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- M.D.-Ph.D. Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Rui B Chang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
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Al-Khanaty A, Guduguntla AN, Lawrentschuk N, Bolton D, Eapen R. Adrenal Anatomy and Physiology. Urol Clin North Am 2025; 52:169-179. [PMID: 40250885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2025.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2025]
Abstract
The adrenal glands are paired endocrine organs that play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating blood pressure, metabolism, electrolyte balance, and the body's response to stress. Each gland comprises the adrenal cortex, which produces steroid hormones, and the adrenal medulla, responsible for catecholamine synthesis. The cortex is further divided into three functional zones, the zona glomerulosa (mineralocorticoids), zona fasciculata (glucocorticoids), and zona reticularis (androgens), while the medulla secretes adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine under sympathetic control. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the adrenal glands, including their anatomical structure, embryological development, vascular supply, microscopic architecture, and physiological function. Additionally, the historical evolution of adrenal research and the impact of modern molecular advancements are discussed. Understanding the anatomy and function of adrenal gland is crucial for diagnosing and managing adrenal disorders, including hormonal deficiencies, hypersecretion syndromes, and adrenal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Khanaty
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Arjun N Guduguntla
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne; Department of Urology, Peter MacCallum Centre, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Renu Eapen
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Department of Urology, Peter MacCallum Centre, 145 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Hirten RP, Danieletto M, Sanchez-Mayor M, Whang JK, Lee KW, Landell K, Zweig M, Helmus D, Fuchs TJ, Fayad ZA, Nadkarni GN, Keefer L, Suarez-Farinas M, Sands BE. Physiological Data Collected From Wearable Devices Identify and Predict Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flares. Gastroenterology 2025; 168:939-951.e5. [PMID: 39826619 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 11/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Wearable devices capture physiological signals noninvasively and passively. Many of these parameters have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. We evaluated the associative ability of several physiological metrics with IBD flares and how they change before the development of flare. METHODS Participants throughout the United States answered daily disease activity surveys and wore an Apple Watch (Apple), Fitbit (Google), or Oura Ring (Oura Health). These devices collected longitudinal heart rate (HR), resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), steps, and oxygenation. C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fecal calprotectin were collected as standard of care. Linear mixed-effect models were implemented to analyze HR, RHR, steps, and oxygenation, and cosinor mixed-effect models were applied to HRV circadian features. Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to determine the predictive ability of physiological metrics. RESULTS Three hundred and nine participants were enrolled across 36 states. Circadian patterns of HRV differed significantly between periods of inflammatory flare and remission and symptomatic flare and remission. Marginal means for HR and RHR were higher during periods of inflammatory flare and symptomatic flare. There were fewer daily steps during inflammatory flares. HRV, HR, and RHR differentiated whether participants with symptoms had inflammation. HRV, HR, RHR, steps, and oxygenation were significantly altered up to 7 weeks before inflammatory and symptomatic flares. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinally collected physiological metrics from wearable devices can identify and change before IBD flares, suggesting their feasibility to monitor and predict IBD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Hirten
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Matteo Danieletto
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Milagros Sanchez-Mayor
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Center for Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jessica K Whang
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Center for Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kyle Landell
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Micol Zweig
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Drew Helmus
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Thomas J Fuchs
- The Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Windreich Department of Artificial Intelligence and Human Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; The Charles Bronfman Department of Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Laurie Keefer
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Mayte Suarez-Farinas
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Center for Biostatistics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Bruce E Sands
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Robles-Cabrera A, Lerma C, Ruiz-Velasco Acosta S, Pérez-Díaz I, Fossion R. Sex hormones correlate with heart rate variability in healthy women and this correlation is conserved in women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0320982. [PMID: 40267043 PMCID: PMC12017505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, four groups of women were designated according to their health status (control or T2DM) and fertility status (premenopausal or postmenopausal). Five serum sex hormones were measured (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, LH and FSH), and time-domain and frequency-domain HRV indices were determined during three conditions: supine position, active standing, and rhythmic breathing. For the complete sample (n=118), bivariate Pearson correlations and linear multiple regressions were used to analyze the relationship between sex hormones, HRV indices, and other independent variables, such as glycemia and age. A p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS There were no differences in sex hormones or HRV indices when comparing the healthy and T2DM groups. All bivariate Pearson correlations were significant between sex hormones and HRV indices; estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone have positive correlations; meanwhile, LH and FSH were negative in the time-domain (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN20) and frequency domain (PLF and PHF) indices. Regression models adjusted for mean heartbeat intervals confirmed an association between all sex hormones and HRV indices. Estradiol maintained significance in the regression models for specific HRV indices during supine and active standing conditions even after adjusting for age and glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS All sex hormones correlate with HRV indices. Regression analysis confirms that this correlation is independent from the mean heartbeat interval. However, in regression models adjusted for age and glucose levels, only estradiol was found to be significant, and should be considered an important variable related to cardiovascular and autonomic balance in T2DM women and may provide crucial information to improve cardiovascular risk algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Robles-Cabrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Lerma
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Ruiz-Velasco Acosta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas (IIMAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Pérez-Díaz
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Tomassi NE, Turashvili DM, Williams A, Walsh B, Stephen EP, Stepp CE. Investigating Cognitive Load and Autonomic Arousal During Voice Production and Vocal Auditory-Motor Adaptation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2025; 68:1634-1653. [PMID: 40080887 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cognitive load and autonomic arousal are hypothesized to affect voice production, yet the nature of these relationships is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess how cognitive load and autonomic arousal differentially affect voice production and vocal motor control. METHOD Physiological measures of autonomic arousal were recorded from 30 adults under different cognitive loads elicited by a Stroop task. In Experiment 1, voice acoustic measures were measured during speech production. In Experiment 2, fundamental frequency (fo) responses to predictably altered auditory feedback (sensorimotor adaptation) were measured. Mixed linear-effects models assessed relationships between variables. Changes between cognitive loads were compared among the two experiments. RESULTS In Experiment 1, increased cognitive load was associated with increases in sound pressure level, whereas increases in autonomic arousal measures (i.e., decreases in skin conductance rise time, pulse amplitude, and period) were related to decreases in cepstral peak prominence. Increased autonomic arousal (i.e., decreased pulse amplitude) was related to increased adaptation in Experiment 2. Participants who responded to increased cognitive load by decreasing fo during Experiment 1 showed more adaptation in Experiment 2. CONCLUSION Differential effects of cognitive load and autonomic arousal emphasize the importance of individual physiological variability when assessing how stress affects the voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Tomassi
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | | | - Alyssa Williams
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
| | - Bridget Walsh
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Emily P Stephen
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, MA
| | - Cara E Stepp
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, MA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, MA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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10
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Belfiore J, Taddei R, Biancofiore G. Catecholamines in sepsis: pharmacological insights and clinical applications-a narrative review. JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIA, ANALGESIA AND CRITICAL CARE 2025; 5:17. [PMID: 40176108 PMCID: PMC11966821 DOI: 10.1186/s44158-025-00241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/04/2025]
Abstract
Catecholamines, essential neurotransmitters and hormones, play a critical role in the body's physiological response to stress and are pivotal in the management of various clinical conditions, particularly in critical care settings. This narrative review delves into the pharmacological properties of catecholamines, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Key clinical applications of catecholamines, especially in the cardiovascular and immune systems, are highlighted, emphasizing their roles in modulating heart rate, vascular tone, and immune responses during critical conditions such as sepsis and septic shock. Additionally, the review explores catecholamines' immunomodulatory effects and their interactions with other therapeutic agents, such as corticosteroids, in the management of septic shock. Further research is suggested to optimize catecholamine usage and improve patient outcomes in critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Belfiore
- Anesthesia and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Taddei
- Anesthesia and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Biancofiore
- Anesthesia and Transplant Intensive Care Unit, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Maier LE, Meyer SE, Deprato A, Busch S, Sivak A, Davenport MH, Steinback CD. The effects of rhythmic handgrip exercise on muscle sympathetic nerve activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Auton Neurosci 2025; 259:103272. [PMID: 40203748 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the sympathetic response to rhythmic handgrip exercise in healthy and diseased populations. Structured searches of databases were performed until June 12, 2024. We included all primary studies (other than systematic reviews and meta-analyses), and inclusion criteria were: population (all populations); intervention (rhythmic handgrip); comparator (baseline); and outcome (MSNA, BP, HR). Forty-nine studies (n = 930) were included. Burst frequency was elevated by 6.1 bursts/min during rhythmic handgrip (95 % CI, 4.52, 7.63; I2 = 53 %; p < 0.00001) across all populations. Similarly, burst incidence and total activity showed significant increases during handgrip (BI: MD, 3.0 bursts/100 hbs; 95 % CI, 0.11, 5.85; I2 = 0 %; p = 0.04; TA: MD, 49.4 a.u.; 95 % CI, 36.56, 62.20; I2 = 86 %; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses found greater responses in MSNA during rhythmic handgrip in healthy individuals compared to cardiovascular diseases and other conditions. Specifically, the change in burst frequency during handgrip (p = 0.0009) and total activity during handgrip (p < 0.00001) suggest a blunted sympathetic response to rhythmic handgrip in diseased populations. Meta-regression analyses in healthy populations found no relationship between the volume of handgrip applied with the associated change in sympathetic activity; however, there was a significant positive relationship between both the change in heart rate (slope = 0.131; adjusted R2 = 0.2773; p = 0.002) and the change in mean blood pressure (slope = 0.163; adjusted R2 = 0.3594; p < 0.001) with handgrip volume. An increase in MSNA is observed during rhythmic handgrip despite ranging protocols, populations, and co-interventions. These results suggest exercise is a unique stressor and challenges the understanding of general sympathetic hyperactivity in diseased populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Maier
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah E Meyer
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andy Deprato
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Busch
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allison Sivak
- H.T. Coutts Education and Physical Education Library, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margie H Davenport
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Craig D Steinback
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Neurovascular Health Laboratory, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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12
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Jeffcoat S, Aragon A, Kuch A, Farrokhi S, Hooyman Gstat A, Sanchez N. Knowledge of task duration affects energetic cost during split-belt adaptation and retention of walking patterns during post-adaptation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2024.05.24.595558. [PMID: 38826397 PMCID: PMC11142228 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Humans continuously adapt locomotor patterns. Whether energetic cost reduction is the primary objective or a by-product of locomotor adaptation is not known. If energetic cost is the primary objective, then manipulating energetic cost will affect the locomotor pattern. Our study aims to determine if information about task duration affects energetic cost and locomotor adaptation during split-belt walking. We hypothesize that information about a longer adaptation duration will result in lower metabolic costs and lower mechanical work. N=52 participants walked for 10 minutes with the belts moving at 1.5 and 0.5 m/s, followed by 6 minutes of walking with both belts at 1.0 m/s. Nineteen participants walked on the split-belt while we provided True information about time remaining every minute (Group T). Nineteen participants received False information that split-belt adaptation duration was around 30 minutes (Group F). Fourteen participants walked on a split-belt with accurate information about task duration, and one update at 5 minutes remaining (Group C). Participants in Groups C and F had a lower rate of change in metabolic cost from baseline (p=0.002) and generated less positive work (p=0.012) than individuals in Group T. Changes in positive work by the fast leg predicted metabolic cost reductions only in Group F (R2=0.18, p=0.040). Participants in Group F showed greater split-belt aftereffects than the C and T groups (p<0.001). We conclude that walking biomechanics are adapted to support an energetic cost reduction when maintaining an energetic reserve is needed, as is the case for Group F, but not Group T.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.N. Jeffcoat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - A. Aragon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - A. Kuch
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - S. Farrokhi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - A Hooyman Gstat
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
| | - N. Sanchez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Fowler School of Engineering, Chapman University
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13
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Zhou F, Wang W, Nie Y, Shao C, Ma W, Qiu W, Qu G, Gao J, Liu C. The study of the association between exercise motivation and cardiorespiratory fitness in young students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1566952. [PMID: 40191576 PMCID: PMC11970555 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1566952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 02/18/2025] [Indexed: 04/09/2025] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, many studies have shown that exercise motivation is essential for encouraging students to engage in physical activities. Cardiorespiratory function, which is closely related to cardiorespiratory fitness, plays a crucial supportive role in sports, and its level is usually reflected by cardiorespiratory fitness measurements. This study aims to explore the correlation between exercise motivation and cardiorespiratory fitness in young students, analyze the impact of exercise motivation on cardiorespiratory fitness, and investigate the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in the formation of exercise motivation. Methods Following the PRISMA statement, a comprehensive literature search was carried out in six electronic databases from July 1, 2000, to December 1, 2024. The selected studies were strictly quality-assessed, and relevant data were extracted using a standardized form. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted with Stata18 software, along with heterogeneity testing and publication bias assessment. Results After screening, 11 studies were included. Eight directly explored the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise motivation, while the other four investigated the link between physical activity and exercise motivation, suggesting an association between cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise motivation during physical activity. Pearson correlation analysis (11 studies) and multiple regression analysis (7 studies) were used. By combining effect sizes with a random-effects model, the average correlation coefficient was 0.24 (p < 0.001). The average standardized coefficient of exercise motivation on promoting cardiorespiratory fitness was 0.16 (p < 0.001), and that of cardiorespiratory fitness on enhancing exercise motivation was 0.18 (p < 0.001). Discussion The results show a significant positive correlation between exercise motivation and cardiorespiratory fitness in young students, with a moderate positive effect on each other. This provides a theoretical basis for improving young students' cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise motivation. Future research could explore more effective assessment methods to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbing Zhou
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuyang Nie
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Chunxue Shao
- College of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Wentao Qiu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guofeng Qu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchao Gao
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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14
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Zhang G, Lian Y, Li Q, Zhou S, Zhang L, Chen L, Tang J, Liu H, Li N, Pan Q, Gu Y, Lin N, Wang H, Wang X, Guo J, Zhang W, Jin Z, Xu B, Su X, Lin M, Han Q, Qin J. Vagal pathway activation links chronic stress to decline in intestinal stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell 2025:S1934-5909(25)00084-0. [PMID: 40120585 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2025.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Chronic stress adversely affects intestinal health, but the specific neural pathways linking the brain to intestinal tissue are not fully understood. Here, we show that chronic stress-induced activation of the central amygdala-dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (CeA-DMV) pathway accelerates premature aging and impairs the stemness of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). This pathway influences ISC function independently of the microbiota, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the immune response, and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Under chronic stress, DMV-mediated vagal activation prompts cholinergic enteric neurons to release acetylcholine (ACh), which engages ISCs via the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM3). This interaction activates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, triggering growth arrest and mitochondrial fragmentation, thereby accelerating an aging-like decline in ISCs. Together, our findings provide insights into an alternative neural mechanism that links stress to intestinal dysfunction. Strategies targeting the DMV-associated vagal pathway represent potential therapeutic approaches for stress-induced intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yannan Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shudi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liting Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Disease, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junzhe Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hailong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Qiang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Yongqiang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naiheng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hanling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuege Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zige Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Beitao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Moubin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Emergency and Critical Disease, Songjiang Hospital and Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emotions and Affective Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China.
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15
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Thai PN, Ferdous ZI, Trinh P, Timofeev V, Diloretto DA, Zong N, Chen CY, Chiamvimonvat N, Zhang XD. Protocol for mouse carotid artery perfusion for in situ brain tissue fixation and parallel unfixed tissue collection. STAR Protoc 2025; 6:103699. [PMID: 40088450 PMCID: PMC11937653 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2025.103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 11/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025] Open
Abstract
As the study of central control of multiple organ function becomes more prominent, there is an increasing need for the collection of fixed brain and unfixed organs and tissues from the same experimental animal. Here, we present a protocol for performing carotid artery cannulation, organ and tissue collection, in situ brain perfusion and fixation, and brain dissection in mice. We describe steps for cannulating the carotid artery, harvesting the heart and other organs, and perfusing, fixing, and dissecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phung N Thai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zubayer I Ferdous
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pauline Trinh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Valeriy Timofeev
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Daphne A Diloretto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ning Zong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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16
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Ali KA, Kerrigan DLG, Berkman JM. Influence of Primary Neurologic Disease on Cardiovascular Health in Females. Circ Res 2025; 136:618-627. [PMID: 40080534 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.325545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025]
Abstract
Neurocardiology is an interdisciplinary field that examines the complex interactions between the nervous and the cardiovascular systems, exploring how neurological processes, such as autonomic nervous system regulation and brain-heart communication impact heart function and contribute to cardiovascular health and disease. Although much of the focus on cardiovascular health has centered on traditional risk factors, the influence of the nervous system, especially in females, is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of cardiovascular outcomes. This article reviews existing literature on the neurological mechanisms that impact cardiovascular function in females. Specifically, we analyze how primary neurological disorders including cerebrovascular disease, headache disorders, and multiple sclerosis have specific downstream effects on cardiac function. By understanding the complex relationship between neurological and cardiovascular health, this review highlights the need for sex-specific approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease in females, ultimately encouraging the discovery of more effective care strategies and improving health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Awais Ali
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Divison, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Deborah L G Kerrigan
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Divison, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jillian Molli Berkman
- Department of Neurology, Stroke Divison, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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17
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Glaister M, Lythgoe D, Kamath S. The Effects of Caffeine on Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability at Rest and During Submaximal Cycling Exercise. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2025; 96:155-163. [PMID: 39008947 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2024.2377303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeine on heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during submaximal exercise. Using a balanced, double-blind, randomized, crossover design, 16 male cyclists (age: 37 ± 9 years; V ˙ O2max: 4.44 ± 0.67 L·min-1) completed three trials in an air-conditioned laboratory. In Trial 1, cyclists completed two incremental cycling tests to establish the V ˙ O2-power output relationship and V ˙ O2max. In trials 2 and 3, cyclists were evaluated for heart rate and HRV at rest, after which they ingested a capsule containing 5 mg·kg-1 of caffeine or placebo. Thirty-five minutes post-supplementation, additional resting heart rate and HRV readings were taken after which cyclists completed a submaximal incremental cycling test (6 min stages) at 40-80% of V ˙ O2max; with HR and HRV measurements taken in the last 5 min of each increment. HRV was determined from the root mean square of successive differences between R-R intervals. There were significant supplement × exercise intensity interactions on heart rate (p = .019) and HRV (p = .023), with post hoc tests on the latter showing that caffeine increased HRV at 40%, 50%, and 60% of V ˙ O2max by 3.6 ± 4.9, 2.6 ± 2.8, and 0.6 ± 1.7 ms, respectively. There was a supplement × time interaction effect on resting HRV (p < .001), but not on heart rate (p = .351). The results of this study support the suggestion that caffeine increases the parasympathetic modulation of heart rate.Clinical trial registration number: NCT05521386.
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18
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Kim HC, Park KJ. Factor analysis on the performance of elite male fencing athletes. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2025; 65:335-340. [PMID: 39495080 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.24.16381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed how stress and heart rate variability affect the performance of male fencing athletes expected to compete in various international events representing Korea. METHODS This study included 72 fencing athletes who participated in training and competition from January 2020 to December 2023. The stress was analyzed using the Sports Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT). Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured using an autonomous neurodiagnostic device (SA-6000). Heart rate variability measurement items were time domain analysis (heart rate, standard deviation of NN interval, and root mean square of the successful differences) and frequency domain analysis (total power, low frequency, and low frequency/high-frequency ratio). All athletes were classified into two categories: victory (high performance) and defeat (low performance) groups in the recent national championships. RESULTS In SCAT, there was no significant difference between high and low performance. After comparing HRV, it was found that there is a significant difference in heart rates (P=0.030) and low frequency/high-frequency ratio (P=0.006) between high and low performance. heart rates and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio during the high performance were observed to be higher than during low performance. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we found that SCAT does not affect performance, while HRV has been shown to have an impact on performance. These findings can be valuable for coaches and athletes in developing strategies to improve performance results, particularly for elite male fencing athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine and Science, Korean Sport and Olympic Committee, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Jun Park
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kaya University, Gimhae, South Korea -
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19
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Plain B, Pielage H, Zekveld AA, Richter M, Bhuiyan TA, van de Ven SRB, Kramer SE. Incorporating Virtual Reality Agents During a Dichotic Speech Reception Task: Insights From the Heart. Ear Hear 2025; 46:444-460. [PMID: 39565283 PMCID: PMC11825489 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Listening effort is moderated by not only task difficulty, but also success importance. In real communication scenarios, success importance varies based upon the social context. However, in the laboratory, it can be challenging to manipulate social context without compromising experimental control. Outside of hearing sciences, studies have applied virtual reality (VR) to incorporate social context in a controlled and repeatable manner. Several of these studies have demonstrated that social manipulations in VR can reliably elicit changes in cardiovascular measures. Here, we investigated the effect of adding VR agents to a speech reception task, while measuring from the cardiovascular system. DESIGN Twenty-eight, normally hearing participants undertook a dichotic speech reception task. Sentences in stationary noise were presented dichotically, that is, different sentences presented simultaneously to each ear. Participants were tasked to either repeat one of the sentences (single-sentence condition) or both of the sentences (dual-sentence condition). The task was conducted under two VR conditions: (1) in the presence of agents, who provided sporadic performance feedback and (2) in the presence of nonagent controls, without any feedback given. Alongside task performance, we quantified changes in cardiovascular measures, relative to pretask baselines: heart rate variability, pre-ejection period, heart rate, and blood pressure. After each condition, participants rated their subjective effort, difficulty, performance, and engagement. RESULTS Performance and the subjective perception of performance were lower, while subjective effort and difficulty were higher, in the dual-sentence condition, compared with the single-sentence condition. Heart rate was the only cardiovascular measure that was sensitive to the experimental manipulations. Contrary to our expectations, heart rate increased in the nonagent control conditions, compared with the agent conditions. An exploratory analysis revealed heart rate fluctuations within a trial: heart rate was higher during the first 6 sec of the trial (reflecting the presentence masking noise and the sentence presentation) in the dual-sentence condition, compared with the single-sentence condition. CONCLUSIONS This study was the first to incorporate VR agents who provided performance feedback during a dichotic speech reception task. Our results suggest that the VR agents did not increase success importance, which could be attributed to a lack of realism of the agents. We also demonstrated that the cardiovascular response to experimental manipulations may differ depending on the data window selected for analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Plain
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark
| | - Hidde Pielage
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Eriksholm Research Centre, Snekkersten, Denmark
| | - Adriana A. Zekveld
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Richter
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sjors R. B. van de Ven
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia E. Kramer
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ear & Hearing, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Wu H, Hamilton C, Porritt H, Winbo A, Zeltner N. Modelling neurocardiac physiology and diseases using human pluripotent stem cells: current progress and future prospects. J Physiol 2025; 603:1865-1885. [PMID: 39235952 PMCID: PMC11955871 DOI: 10.1113/jp286416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime the heart executes cycles of contraction and relaxation to meet the body's ever-changing metabolic needs. This vital function is continuously regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovascular dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation are also closely associated; however, the degrees of cause and effect are not always readily discernible. Thus, to better understand cardiovascular disorders, it is crucial to develop model systems that can be used to study the neurocardiac interaction in healthy and diseased states. Human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology offers a unique human-based modelling system that allows for studies of disease effects on the cells of the heart and autonomic neurons as well as of their interaction. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the embryonic development of the autonomic, cardiac and neurocardiac systems, their regulation, as well as recent progress of in vitro modelling systems based on hiPSCs. We further discuss the advantages and limitations of hiPSC-based models in neurocardiac research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh‐Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Harrison Porritt
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Annika Winbo
- Department of PhysiologyThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart ResearchUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular MedicineUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Cellular BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
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21
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Zhu Z, Wang X, Xu Y, Chen W, Zheng J, Chen S, Chen H. An emotion recognition method based on frequency-domain features of PPG. Front Physiol 2025; 16:1486763. [PMID: 40070463 PMCID: PMC11893849 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1486763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to employ physiological model simulation to systematically analyze the frequency-domain components of PPG signals and extract their key features. The efficacy of these frequency-domain features in effectively distinguishing emotional states will also be investigated. Methods A dual windkessel model was employed to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract distinctive features. Experimental data collection encompassed both physiological (PPG) and psychological measurements, with subsequent analysis involving distribution patterns and statistical testing (U-tests) to examine feature-emotion relationships. The study implemented support vector machine (SVM) classification to evaluate feature effectiveness, complemented by comparative analysis using pulse rate variability (PRV) features, morphological features, and the DEAP dataset. Results The results demonstrate significant differentiation in PPG frequency-domain feature responses to arousal and valence variations, achieving classification accuracies of 87.5% and 81.4%, respectively. Validation on the DEAP dataset yielded consistent patterns with accuracies of 73.5% (arousal) and 71.5% (valence). Feature fusion incorporating the proposed frequency-domain features enhanced classification performance, surpassing 90% accuracy. Conclusion This study uses physiological modeling to analyze PPG signal frequency components and extract key features. We evaluate their effectiveness in emotion recognition and reveal relationships among physiological parameters, frequency features, and emotional states. Significance These findings advance understanding of emotion recognition mechanisms and provide a foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Zhu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behaviorial Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behaviorial Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behaviorial Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Hangzhou, China
- Connected Healthcare Big Data Research Center, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Machado ML, Soares JH. Clevidipine for hypertension treatment during laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma in a dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 2025:S1467-2987(25)00019-4. [PMID: 40023673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2025.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2025] [Accepted: 02/03/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
An 11-year-old, 8 kg, castrated male dog was presented for adrenalectomy, after being diagnosed with pheochromocytoma by identification of elevated urine metanephrines. Phenoxybenzamine was started 1 month before surgery (2 mg kg-1, twice daily, orally). Anesthetic premedication was performed with methadone (0.5 mg kg-1) intramuscularly and maropitant (1 mg kg-1) subcutaneously. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) alfaxalone (1 mg kg-1) and midazolam (0.3 mg kg-1) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen delivered through a circle breathing system. Dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg kg-1 bolus over 5 minutes, followed by 0.5 μg kg-1 hour-1), magnesium sulfate (50 mg kg-1 hour-1 for the first hour, followed by 15 mg kg-1 hour-1) and lactated Ringer's solution (5 mL kg-1 hour-1) were given IV. Arterial blood pressures were measured invasively. During manipulation of the adrenal gland, systolic and mean arterial blood pressures increased to 240 and 150 mmHg, respectively, and heart rate decreased to 30 beats minute-1. Clevidipine, a calcium channel blocker, was infused IV at 1-2 μg kg-1 minute-1, achieving a reduction in mean arterial blood pressure to between approximately 80 and 85 mmHg, with heart rate between 100 and 120 beats minute-1. Recovery from anesthesia and surgery was uneventful. The dog was discharged from the hospital 3 days after surgery and its clinical status has been stable for 2 years after the procedure. This case report describes the successful treatment of hypertension using clevidipine, a specific arterial vasodilator with fast onset and offset of action and a low incidence of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela L Machado
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Joao Hn Soares
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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23
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Vitazkova D, Kosnacova H, Turonova D, Foltan E, Jagelka M, Berki M, Micjan M, Kokavec O, Gerhat F, Vavrinsky E. Transforming Sleep Monitoring: Review of Wearable and Remote Devices Advancing Home Polysomnography and Their Role in Predicting Neurological Disorders. BIOSENSORS 2025; 15:117. [PMID: 39997019 PMCID: PMC11853583 DOI: 10.3390/bios15020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2025] [Accepted: 02/14/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
This paper explores the progressive era of sleep monitoring, focusing on wearable and remote devices contributing to advances in the concept of home polysomnography. We begin by exploring the basic physiology of sleep, establishing a theoretical basis for understanding sleep stages and associated changes in physiological variables. The review then moves on to an analysis of specific cutting-edge devices and technologies, with an emphasis on their practical applications, user comfort, and accuracy. Attention is also given to the ability of these devices to predict neurological disorders, particularly Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The paper highlights the integration of hardware innovations, targeted sleep parameters, and partially advanced algorithms, illustrating how these elements converge to provide reliable sleep health information. By bridging the gap between clinical diagnosis and real-world applicability, this review aims to elucidate the role of modern sleep monitoring tools in improving personalised healthcare and proactive disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vitazkova
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Helena Kosnacova
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Daniela Turonova
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Comenius University, Gondova 2, 81102 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Erik Foltan
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Martin Jagelka
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Martin Berki
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Michal Micjan
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Ondrej Kokavec
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Filip Gerhat
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
| | - Erik Vavrinsky
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia; (H.K.); (E.F.); (M.J.); (M.B.); (M.M.); (O.K.); (F.G.)
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24
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Kim S, Ko JE, Baek S, Kim D, Kim S. Improving Fall Classification Accuracy of Multi-Input Models Using Three-Axis Accelerometer and Heart Rate Variability Data. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:1180. [PMID: 40006408 PMCID: PMC11859574 DOI: 10.3390/s25041180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025]
Abstract
Reduced body movement and weakened musculoskeletal function as a result of aging increase the risk of falls and serious physical injuries requiring medical attention. To solve this problem, a fall prevention algorithm using an acceleration sensor has been developed, and research is being conducted to enable continuous monitoring using a Holter electrocardiograph. In this study, we implemented a multi-input model that can detect and classify movements, including falls, utilizing the baroreflex characteristics of the heart's potential energy changes due to movement, measured with an electrocardiogram with a three-axis acceleration sensor and a Holter electrocardiograph. Patterns were identified from the various movement characteristics of acceleration sensor data using a deep learning model consisting of CNN-LSTM, and heart rate variability (HRV) data were analyzed using a wide learning model to provide additional weight values for fall classification. Finally, a multi-input model using wide and deep learning was proposed to enhance the accuracy of fall classification. The results show that the HRV increased in fall case except in two motion types, while it decreased when standing up from a chair, indicating the application of the baroreflex characteristics reflecting the heart's potential energy. Compared to the classification model using conventional HRV and ACC, a higher accuracy was achieved in the multi-input model using ACC-HRV data, and a precision, recall, and F1 score of 0.91 was measured, indicating improved performance. This is expected to have a positive impact on fall prevention by improving the accuracy of fall classification in the elderly for 15 different movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghui Kim
- Department of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Jae Eun Ko
- Department of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.E.K.)
| | - Seungbin Baek
- Department of Medical Device Business, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daechang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungmin Kim
- Department of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea; (S.K.); (J.E.K.)
- Department of Medical Device Business, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea;
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25
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Galazis C, Chiu CE, Arichi T, Bharath AA, Varela M. PINNing cerebral blood flow: analysis of perfusion MRI in infants using physics-informed neural networks. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2025; 5:1488349. [PMID: 40028512 PMCID: PMC11868054 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2025.1488349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables cerebral perfusion measurement, which is crucial in detecting and managing neurological issues in infants born prematurely or after perinatal complications. However, cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation in infants using ASL remains challenging due to the complex interplay of network physiology, involving dynamic interactions between cardiac output and cerebral perfusion, as well as issues with parameter uncertainty and data noise. We propose a new spatial uncertainty-based physics-informed neural network (PINN), SUPINN, to estimate CBF and other parameters from infant ASL data. SUPINN employs a multi-branch architecture to concurrently estimate regional and global model parameters across multiple voxels. It computes regional spatial uncertainties to weigh the signal. SUPINN can reliably estimate CBF (relative error - 0.3 ± 71.7 ), bolus arrival time (AT) ( 30.5 ± 257.8 ) , and blood longitudinal relaxation time ( T 1 b ) (-4.4 ± 28.9), surpassing parameter estimates performed using least squares or standard PINNs. Furthermore, SUPINN produces physiologically plausible spatially smooth CBF and AT maps. Our study demonstrates the successful modification of PINNs for accurate multi-parameter perfusion estimation from noisy and limited ASL data in infants. Frameworks like SUPINN have the potential to advance our understanding of the complex cardio-brain network physiology, aiding in the detection and management of diseases. Source code is provided at: https://github.com/cgalaz01/supinn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Galazis
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-En Chiu
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil A. Bharath
- Imperial Global Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Varela
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular and Genomics Research Institute, City St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Frau L, Bruno D, McGlone F, Cazzato V. Exploring the impact of gentle stroking touch on psychophysiological regulation of inhibitory control. Int J Psychophysiol 2025; 210:112525. [PMID: 39933624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2025.112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2025] [Accepted: 02/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025]
Abstract
Touch has been shown to regulate emotions, stress responses, and physical pain. However, its impact on cognitive functions, such as inhibitory control, remains relatively understudied. In this experiment, we explored the effects of low-force, slow-moving touch-designed to optimally activate unmyelinated cutaneous low-threshold mechanoreceptor C-tactile (CT) afferents in human hairy skin-on inhibitory control and its psychophysiological correlates using the Stroop Task, a classic paradigm commonly employed to assess inhibitory control capacity. The Stroop Task was repeated twice before and once after receiving either gentle touch or no-touch. Participants were assigned to two groups: the touch group (n = 36), which received low-force, slow-moving touch on their forearms at a stroking velocity of ~3 cm/s, and the no-touch group (n = 36), which did not receive any touch stimulation. Changes in autonomic nervous system activity were also assessed by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductance levels before and during cognitive performance. Compared to the no-touch group, participants who received gentle, low-force, slow-moving touch demonstrated faster responses and higher HRV during the Stroop Task. Additionally, within the touch group, individuals with higher HRV exhibited even quicker performance on the cognitive task. While we cannot draw definitive conclusions regarding the CT velocity-specific effect, these results provide preliminary evidence that low-force, slow-moving touch may influence cognitive processes involved in the inhibitory control of goal-irrelevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Frau
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; School of Medicine, Trinity Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francis McGlone
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Valentina Cazzato
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Cognitive Sciences, Psychology, Education, and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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27
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Kurhaluk N, Tkaczenko H. Recent Issues in the Development and Application of Targeted Therapies with Respect to Individual Animal Variability. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:444. [PMID: 39943214 PMCID: PMC11815764 DOI: 10.3390/ani15030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
This literature review explores the impact of molecular, genetic, and environmental factors on the efficacy of targeted therapies in veterinary medicine. Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect using keywords such as "species-specific treatment strategies", "signalling pathways", "epigenetic and paragenetic influences", "targeted therapies", "veterinary medicine", "genetic variation", and "free radicals and oxidative stress". Inclusion criteria included studies focusing on species-specific therapeutic responses, genetic influences, and oxidative stress. To ensure that only the most recent and relevant evidence was included, only peer-reviewed publications from the last two decades were considered. Each study selected for analysis was critically appraised, with a particular emphasis on methodological quality, experimental design, and scientific contribution to the understanding of how environmental and biological factors influence therapeutic outcomes. A special emphasis was placed on studies that used a comparative, cross-species approach to assess variability in therapeutic responses and potential adverse effects. The review synthesises evidence on the role of epigenetic and paragenetic factors and highlights the importance of cross-species studies to understand how environmental and biological factors influence treatment outcomes. By highlighting genetic variation, oxidative stress, and individual species differences, the review argues for personalised and species-specific therapeutic approaches. The review emphasises that such an approach would improve veterinary care and inform future research aimed at optimising targeted therapies, ultimately leading to better animal health and treatment efficacy. A key contribution of the review is its emphasis on the need for more personalised treatment protocols that take into account individual genetic profiles and environmental factors; it also calls for a greater integration of cross-species studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Arciszewski St. 22b, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland;
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28
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Fakih Y, Al Sakan M, El Ghazawi A, Khoury M, Refaat MM. Exploring Resting Sinus Tachycardia in Cancer Care: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2025; 14:985. [PMID: 39941655 PMCID: PMC11818562 DOI: 10.3390/jcm14030985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Resting sinus tachycardia is frequently encountered in cancer patients. It affects a wide variety of cancer patients and is associated with distressing symptoms. Cancer-associated resting sinus tachycardia varies in its underlying mechanism. It can stem from the tumor burden or the side effects of chemotherapy/radiotherapy, or it can be secondary to paraneoplastic syndrome or the sequalae of cancer itself (infection, anemia, thrombosis, etc.). The clinical significance of resting sinus tachycardia extends beyond mere symptomatology, as it can potentially indicate severe complications which may facilitate or exacerbate a new or underlying cardiovascular dysfunction. Therefore, this necessitates thorough diagnostic tools to discern the underlying cause and tailor appropriate management strategies, whether pharmacological, non-pharmacological, or conservative. While resting sinus tachycardia has been extensively investigated in the context of cardiovascular disease, its underlying etiology, clinical implication, prognostic value, and treatment options remain vague in the context of cancer. This review aims to explore the topic of resting sinus tachycardia in cancer patients through delving deeper into its underlying mechanism, presenting the current evidence on its effect on cancer-independent cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, as well as providing some insight into the currently available treatment options. It will also propose therapeutic interventions and strategies aimed at optimizing cancer patient care. Lastly, it will highlight research gaps which need to be addressed further, as future research is needed to refine the diagnostic criteria, develop targeted therapies, find alternative cardioprotective/cardio-neutral chemotherapy options, and establish evidence-based guidelines to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeva Fakih
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (Y.F.); (M.K.)
| | - Moied Al Sakan
- Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.S.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Alaaeddine El Ghazawi
- Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.S.); (A.E.G.)
| | - Maurice Khoury
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (Y.F.); (M.K.)
- Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.S.); (A.E.G.)
- Cardiology Department, Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
| | - Marwan M. Refaat
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (Y.F.); (M.K.)
- Internal Medicine Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon; (M.A.S.); (A.E.G.)
- Cardiology Department, Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, Lebanon
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29
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Mougin L, Macrae HZ, Henderson A, Cable TG, Taylor L, James LJ, Mears SA. Running in the heat similarly reduces lipid oxidation and peak oxygen consumption in trained runners and inactive individuals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2025; 138:508-517. [PMID: 39855633 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00710.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
This study compared oxygen consumption and substrate oxidation while exercising in hot and temperate conditions in individuals with different physical activity statuses (i.e., inactive individuals vs. trained runners). Ten inactive individuals (IA: 26 ± 6 yr; 79.1 ± 14.1 kg; 40.7 ± 5.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) and 10 trained runners (TR: 25 ± 6 yr; 69.5 ± 9.1 kg; 63.1 ± 5.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed two incremental exercise tests (4-min stages) until exhaustion in temperate (TEMP: 18.7 ± 0.1°C; 43.2 ± 4.1% relative humidity) and hot (HOT: 34.4 ± 0.2°C and 42.6 ± 1.6% relative humidity) conditions. Expired gas and blood lactate concentrations were measured at the end of each stage. Peak oxygen consumption similarly decreased in HOT compared with TEMP for IA and TR [-13.2 ± 4.5% vs. -15.2 ± 7%; P = 0.571; effect size (ES) = 0.25]. In HOT compared with TEMP, lipid oxidation, from 30% to 70% of peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak), was reduced for both groups (IA: P = 0.023, ES = 0.43; TR: P < 0.001, ES = 0.72), whereas carbohydrate oxidation was increased for TR (P = 0.011; ES = 0.45) but not for IA (P = 0.268; ES = 0.21). Core temperature was different between conditions for TR (higher in HOT, P = 0.017; ES = 0.66) but not for IA (P = 0.901; ES = 0.25). Despite reduced physiological capacities in IA, both populations demonstrated reductions in lipid utilization and peak oxygen consumption in hot compared with temperate conditions. However, the increased carbohydrate oxidation in HOT for TR was not observed in IA, potentially explained by lower thermal strain. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that lipid oxidation and oxygen consumption are similarly affected by heat exposure in trained runners and inactive individuals. Carbohydrate oxidation and core temperature are greater in hot conditions in trained runners but not in inactive individuals. A lower metabolic heat production in inactive individuals for a similar relative intensity compared with trained runners could explain these differences in core temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Mougin
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Z Macrae
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Henderson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas G Cable
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lewis J James
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A Mears
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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30
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Chakraborty G, Joshi B, Ahire K, Patra C. Tributyl phosphate inhibits neurogenesis and motor functions during embryonic development in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2025; 279:107203. [PMID: 39667268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 11/22/2024] [Accepted: 12/07/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Tributyl phosphate (TBP), an organophosphate ester (OPE), is heavily used as a solvent in chemical industries, a plasticizer, and to extract radioactive molecules. Thus, widespread uses of TBP in industrialized countries led to the release of TBP and its metabolites, dibutyl phosphate (DBP) and monobutyl phosphate (MBP), in the environment and were detected in human samples. Accumulating these OPEs over time in humans and aquatic animals may develop toxicological effects. The reports also say TBP passes through the mother-fetal transmission route and may affect embryonic development. However, the impact of TBP and its metabolites on vertebrate development has been poorly studied. Ex-utero development, high fecundity, and optical transparency make the zebrafish a preferred model for toxicological evaluation. Thus, we aim to explore the toxic effects of TBP and its metabolites on aquatic animals using zebrafish as a model organism. Embryos in the chorion were incubated in 10-60 µM test chemicals from 6 to 48 h post fertilization (hpf), and analyzed the adverse effects on embryos. Our study found that 10-20 µM TBP inhibits neural growth, resulting in decreased spontaneous movement frequency and locomotive behavior without altering the overall embryonic growth and muscle functions. In contrast, DBP-treated embryos showed increased spontaneous movement frequency without changing the motor neuron growth and locomotive behavior. Further, in higher concentrations, TBP is teratogenic, and DBP is lethal to the embryos. Altogether, we found that TBP inhibits neurogenesis and motor behavior; however, its metabolite DBP is neuroexcitatory in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Chakraborty
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Bhagyashri Joshi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India
| | - Kedar Ahire
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Chinmoy Patra
- Department of Developmental Biology, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411004, India.
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Gowda KC, Kj S, Shetty P. The Combined Effects of Cold Foot Bath and Lavender Oil Inhalation on Autonomic Variables in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cureus 2025; 17:e77055. [PMID: 39917122 PMCID: PMC11800019 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.77055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2025] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM An essential function of the autonomic nerve system is to regulate physiological processes and stress responses in the body. Cold foot baths and aromatherapy with lavender oil each influence autonomic functions, but their combined effect in healthy individuals is unknown. The purpose of this study is to look into how autonomic variability in healthy volunteers is affected by both inhaling lavender oil and taking cold foot baths. METHODS A total of 60 healthy individuals were randomized to be placed in either the control group (n=30) or the experimental group (n=30) and were instructed to attend a single designated session. The control group underwent a 20-minute cold foot bath, while the experimental group received a 20-minute cold foot bath combined with lavender oil inhalation. Assessments were carried out before, during, and after the interventions. OUTCOME MEASURES To evaluate autonomic variables, we monitored galvanic skin response (GSR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) using an equivital belt. Furthermore, we measured blood pressure (BP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) before, during (20 minutes) the intervention, and after a 10-minute resting period; post-intervention measurements were taken. RESULTS Repeated measures analysis revealed a significant difference in standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), pNN50, and heart rate (HR) for time-domain variables (p<0.05), whereas the frequency-domain analysis showed a significant difference over time in LF/HF, LF, and HF (p<0.05). When these were compared between the groups, a significant difference was observed only in LF and HF (p<0.04). Additionally, a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) in diastolic and systolic blood pressure between the groups was noted. CONCLUSION The combination of a cold foot bath and lavender oil inhalation may modulate autonomic activity, promoting relaxation by vagal balance in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya C Gowda
- Natural Therapeutics, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, IND
| | - Sujatha Kj
- Natural Therapeutics, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, IND
| | - Prashanth Shetty
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, IND
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Marzoog BA. Early Prognostic Instrumental and Laboratory Biomarkers in Post-MI. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2025; 23:41-57. [PMID: 38288831 DOI: 10.2174/0118715257281715240108092557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-myocardial infarction (MI) changes have been frequently reported in the literature and are associated with determining the prognosis. AIMS The aim of this study is to find a prognosis marker for the favorability of determination of the medium-term outcomes in patients with acute MI. OBJECTIVES MI patients' prognosis is poorly understood and requires further elaboration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single center, cross-sectional cohort study involved 211 patients' medical history with acute MI, for the period 2014-2019, had been evaluated retrospectively for 76 parameters. The data was collected from the Republic Rehabilitation Mordovian Hospital. The described measurement units were used in the local laboratories to describe the values. The descriptive values were expressed in the mean average and standard deviation. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test independent by groups and dependent by numerical variables for repeated analysis for the same patients, multinomial logistic regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient, ROC analysis, and for clarification purposes, diagrams and bar figures were used. For performing the statistical analysis, the SPSS program, version 28 was used. RESULTS Descriptive statistics showed a proportion of men to females 7:3. The mean age of the MI patients was 61.50 years (Std. Dev. ± 10.68), and the mean height of the sample was 171.00 cm (Std. Dev. ± 7.20). The mean body weight of the sample is 83.62 kg (Std. Dev. ± 12.35), and the body mass index (BMI) is 29.02 kg/m2 (Std. Dev. ± 5.07). The total hospitalization days are 14.79 (Std. Dev. ± 3.41). The mean heart rate (HR) beat per minute (bpm) was 79.03 (Std. Dev. ± 15.63), and the mean blood pressure was 138.53/84.09 mmHg (Std. Dev. ± 28.66/12.79). On the complete blood count (CBC), the mean level of the hemoglobin (Hb) 136.33 g/l (Std. Dev. ± 15.29), the mean level of the leukocytes (WBC) 8.76 /μl (Std. Dev. ± 2.77), the mean level of the red blood cells (RBC) 4.55 /μl (Std. Dev. ± 0.52), the mean level of the relative value of the lymphocytes 24.46 % (Std. Dev. ± 9.015), and the mean level of the thrombocytes 207.87 /μl (Std. Dev. ± 64.035). The mean erythrocytes segmentation rate (ESR) is 18.99 mm/hr (Std. Dev. ± 12.16). The regression analysis demonstrated that the dependent variable, complication, in particular, pericarditis, and the independent factor, concomitant disease, in particular, chronic heart failure, has a significant regression coefficient of 29.101 at p <0.05. Furthermore, the dependent variable, complication, in particular, pneumonitis, and the independent factor, concomitant disease, particularly, arrhythmia, have a significant regression coefficient of 21.937 at p <0.05. CONCLUSION An elevated level of CPK-MB/LDH/Troponin I is linked to the development of arrhythmia. Patients with other medical conditions experience high diastolic blood pressure and an enlargement of the right ventricle. The early complication observed after MI is the formation of a left ventricular aneurysm. Complications arise due to low levels of potassium and calcium. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contributes to the End-Diastolic Size (EDS) of the Left Ventricle (LV), Troponin I, and creatine phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB). Advanced CKD patients have a hypertrophic left ventricle and persistently elevated post-myocardial Infarction (MI) cardiac biomarkers (CPKMB/ LDH/Troponin I) due to impaired kidney detoxification. Therefore, prolonged elevation of MI biomarkers can be an indicative of severe MI or kidney function impairment due to the chronic mild elevation in the MI biomarkers. Pericarditis development is related to the pre-existence of chronic heart failure. Moreover, pneumonitis development is related to the pre-existence of arrhythmia. Others: Hypertensive patients do not exhibit a significant increase in calcium levels, indicating that it is not a reliable biomarker in this patient population. Additionally, gender plays a crucial role in the development of ischemic heart disease, including myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center, Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Hosseini SM, Zanganeh S, Qaraaty M. The effect of Valeriana officinalis tea on sympathovagal tone and cardiac function in healthy volunteers: A semi-experimental study. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2025; 15:784-793. [PMID: 40271501 PMCID: PMC12013970 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2024.24974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Objective The use of herbal teas can affect some physiological parameters of the body. Valerian has been used as a valuable medicinal plant. There are reports about sedative and sleep-inducing effects of Valeriana officinalis L. (VOT) on the nervous system. But in relation to its possible effect on the autonomic nervous system, the available information is limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of VOT on sympathovagal tone based on heart rate variability indices. Materials and Methods In this semi-experimental study, 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled. At first, the participants received 50 ml of water as the control group, and then after the clearance time, they received VOT with a dilution of 50% with the same temperature and volume and were considered the intervention group. Assessment of sympathovagal tone was performed in terms of heart rate variability indices. There were 5 recording steps: baseline, after drinking water, and 5, 20, and 30 minutes after drinking VOT. Results The mean±SD of the average heart rate per minute at the five recording steps after VOT was 65.4±15.5, 63.5 ±14.6, 62.7±15.6, 61.8±16.09, and 60.9 15.2, respectively (p<0.05). The average arterial systolic pressure at the five recording steps after VOT was 119.4±7.4, 117.9± 9, 114.3±7.9, 113.8±8.6, and 114±6.5 mmHg, respectively. Conclusion A single cup of VOT significantly decreased the heart rate. This effect may be associated with a decrease in sympathetic activity and an increase in parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehran Hosseini
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Shahab Zanganeh
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Qaraaty
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Saengsuwan J, Brockmann L, Schuster-Amft C, Hunt KJ. Changes in heart rate variability at rest and during exercise in patients after a stroke: a feasibility study. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:132. [PMID: 39726043 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a biofeedback-enhanced robotics-assisted tilt table (RATT) to investigate time- and intensity-dependent changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during heart rate-controlled exercise in patients recovering from a stroke. Twelve patients (age 55.3 years ± 15.6 years, 7 women) completed two separate measurement sessions. The first involved familiarization and system identification to determine parameters of a feedback system for automatic control of heart rate (HR). The second comprised 14 min of rest and 21 min of active exercise during which HR was held constant using feedback control to eliminate cardiovascular drift. HR data were collected using a chest-belt HR sensor, and raw RR intervals were employed for HRV analysis during periods of rest (0-7 min and 7-14 min) and exercise (5-13 min and 13-21 min). A biofeedback-enhanced, robotics-assisted tilt table can be successfully employed to perform heart rate-controlled exercises in patients after a stroke. All HRV metrics were substantially lower during exercise compared to rest. In the rest period, HRV values during 0-7 min were lower than during 7-14 min, in line with a slight HR decrease over the entire rest period. During exercise, HRV values during 5-13 min were higher than during 13-21 min, suggesting a time-dependent HRV decrease. All HRV metrics exhibited intensity- and time-dependent changes: higher HRV at rest and decreasing HRV over time. Understanding these HRV characteristics will support the development of heart rate-controlled exercise regimens and protocols for examining HRV changes during exercise in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittima Saengsuwan
- The Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Institute for Human Centred Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- North-Eastern Stroke Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Lars Brockmann
- The Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Institute for Human Centred Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Schuster-Amft
- The Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Institute for Human Centred Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
- Research Department, Reha Rheinfelden, Rheinfelden, Switzerland
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth J Hunt
- The Laboratory for Rehabilitation Engineering, Institute for Human Centred Engineering, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
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Kong W, Jing X, Zeng P, Zeng B, Mo W, Yang H. The Impact of BMI on Heart Rate During Suspension Laryngoscopy Operation in Patients With Laryngeal Lesions: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Voice 2024:S0892-1997(24)00442-9. [PMID: 39721881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suspension laryngoscopy can trigger vagal reflexes, leading to a decrease in heart rate, a phenomenon that is more common in patients with a high body mass index (BMI). This study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of BMI on heart rate during suspension laryngoscopy (SL-HR) in patients with laryngeal lesions. METHODS We employed univariate generalized linear regression and stratified analyses to assess the relationship between BMI and changes in SLHR, adjusting for confounders such as age, gender, intubation type, and depth. A generalized additive model with spline smoothing was utilized to evaluate the BMI-HR relationship, with piecewise linear regression to identify specific cutoff points. RESULTS We conducted a prospective study of 205 patients who underwent general anesthesia for suspension laryngoscopy. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that, after adjusting for covariates, each one-unit increase in BMI was associated with a decrease of 1.04 beats per minute in SL-HR (β = -1.04 [95% CI, -1.85 to -0.23]). Curve fitting revealed a gradual decline in SL-HR with increasing BMI, plateauing at around 60 beats per minute. The decrease in SL-HR became more pronounced as BMI approached 30 kg/m², with further analysis revealing an inflection point at a BMI of 28.8 kg/m², where each additional unit of BMI correlated with a 6.5 beats per minute decrease in heart rate (β = -6.5 [95% CI, -10.1 to -2.8], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with high BMI are more prone to vagal reflexes during suspension laryngoscopy, resulting in significant reductions in heart rate, especially when BMI exceeds 28.8 kg/m². Therefore, close monitoring of heart rate changes is crucial in this patient demographic, along with considering prophylactic anticholinergic agents to mitigate vagal reflex effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingtao Jing
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pinfu Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ge Y, Nash MS, Winnik WM, Bruno M, Padgett WT, Grindstaff RD, Hazari MS, Farraj AK. Proteomics Reveals Divergent Cardiac Inflammatory and Metabolic Responses After Inhalation of Ambient Particulate Matter With or Without Ozone. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:1348-1363. [PMID: 39397197 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the interactive effects of PM and O3 on cardiac dysfunction and disease have not been thoroughly examined, especially at a proteomic level. The purpose of this study was to identify and compare proteome changes in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats co-exposed to concentrated ambient particulates (CAPs) and O3, with a focus on investigating inflammatory and metabolic pathways, which are the two major ones implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction. For this, we measured and compared changes in expression status of 9 critical pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines using multiplexed ELISA and 450 metabolic proteins involved in ATP production, oxidative phosphorylation, cytoskeletal organization, and stress response using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) in cardiac tissue of SH rats exposed to CAPs alone, O3 alone, and CAPs + O3. Proteomic expression profiling revealed that CAPs alone, O3 alone, and CAPs + O3 differentially altered protein expression patterns, and utilized divergent mechanisms to affect inflammatory and metabolic pathways and responses. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of the proteomic data demonstrated that the metabolic protein network centered by gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA 1) was interconnected with the inflammatory cytokine network centered by nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB) potentially suggesting inflammation-induced alterations in metabolic pathways, or vice versa, collectively contributing to the development of cardiac dysfunction in response to CAPs and O3 exposure. These findings may enhance understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction induced by air pollution and provide testable hypotheses regarding mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ge
- The Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA.
| | - Maliha S Nash
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Witold M Winnik
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Maribel Bruno
- The Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - William T Padgett
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Rachel D Grindstaff
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC, 27711, USA
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Kumar RS, Alqarni AA, Alghamdi MJ, Alharbi SA, Alsharef OL, Ahmed ME. Physiological effects of hand grip and cold pressor tests in young Saudi adults. J Med Life 2024; 17:1067-1071. [PMID: 39877044 PMCID: PMC11771833 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2024-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
The risk of cardiovascular disease differs among various ethnic groups, highlighting disparities in cardiovascular health among different populations. While multiple studies from other countries have looked at changes in physiological parameters during autonomic function tests like isometric handgrip and cold pressor tests, no correlational research has been done in Saudi Arabia. This lacuna underscores the importance of examining the relationship between cardiorespiratory parameters in young Saudi Arabian individuals during these tests. This study aimed to determine the correlation between the isometric handgrip and cold pressor tests and physiological parameters in healthy young Saudi Arabian college students. A single-arm interventional study was conducted with a cohort of 65 healthy young adult Saudi college students, including male and female participants. A point estimate was calculated with a 95% confidence level. Physiological parameters were analyzed and compared at rest and during isometric handgrip and cold pressor tests. The study involved participants with an average age of 21.12 ± 1.02, predominantly male students. A significant impact was observed only in respiratory rate (P = 0.007) during the isometric handgrip and cold pressor tests. In contrast, blood pressure parameters and arterial oxygen saturation values showed no statistical significance during both tests. This sheds light on their autonomic responses to physiological stressors and contributes to our understanding of cardiovascular health across diverse populations, guiding future interventions for global improvements in cardiorespiratory outcomes.
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Key Words
- ANS, Autonomic Nervous System
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- BP, Blood Pressure
- CPT, Cold Pressor Test
- DBP, Diastolic Blood Pressure
- HR, Heart Rate
- IHT, Isometric Handgrip Test
- MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure
- RR, Respiratory Rate
- SBP, Systolic Blood Pressure
- SpO2, Peripheral Arterial Oxygen Saturation
- blood pressure
- cold pressor test
- heart rate
- isometric hand grip
- respiratory rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions (COSHP), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Abdullah Alqarni
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences (COAMS), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaad Jamaan Alghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences (COAMS), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Amer Alharbi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences (COAMS), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Loutfi Alsharef
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences (COAMS), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Eldigire Ahmed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions (COSHP), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Paydar JA, Parekh D, Sheldon RS. Neurally Mediated Syncope Associated With Neck Sarcoma. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:2455-2457. [PMID: 39151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.08.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John A Paydar
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dwip Parekh
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert S Sheldon
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Chang MC, Peng CL, Chen CT, Shih YH, Chen JH, Tai YJ, Chiang YC. Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) in Clinical Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1563. [PMID: 39770405 PMCID: PMC11676292 DOI: 10.3390/ph17121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2024] [Revised: 11/14/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-123 MIBG) is a crucial radiopharmaceutical widely used in nuclear medicine for its diagnostic capabilities in both cardiology and oncology. This review aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical applications of I-123 MIBG, focusing on its use in diagnosing and managing various diseases. In cardiology, I-123 MIBG has proven invaluable in assessing cardiac sympathetic innervation, particularly in patients with heart failure, where it provides prognostic information that guides treatment strategies. In oncology, I-123 MIBG is primarily utilized for imaging neuroendocrine tumors, such as neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma, where it offers high specificity and sensitivity in the detection of adrenergic tissue. Additionally, its role in neurology, specifically in differentiating between Parkinson's disease, dementia, and Lewy body dementia, has become increasingly significant due to its ability to identify postganglionic sympathetic dysfunction. Despite its established clinical utility, the use of I-123 MIBG is not without limitations, including variability in imaging protocols and interpretation challenges. This review will explore these issues and discuss emerging alternatives, while also highlighting areas where I-123 MIBG continues to be a gold standard. By synthesizing the current research, this article aims to provide a clear understanding of the strengths, limitations, and prospects of I-123 MIBG in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chang
- Department of Isotope Research Application, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-L.P.); (C.-T.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Department of Isotope Research Application, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-L.P.); (C.-T.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Chun-Tang Chen
- Department of Isotope Research Application, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-L.P.); (C.-T.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Ying-Hsia Shih
- Department of Isotope Research Application, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-L.P.); (C.-T.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Department of Isotope Research Application, National Atomic Research Institute, Taoyuan 325207, Taiwan; (M.-C.C.); (C.-L.P.); (C.-T.C.); (Y.-H.S.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Yi-Jou Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 302058, Taiwan
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Evans AJ, Li YL. Remodeling of the Intracardiac Ganglia During the Development of Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12464. [PMID: 39596529 PMCID: PMC11594459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Revised: 11/15/2024] [Accepted: 11/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most significant health issues worldwide, with associated healthcare costs estimated to surpass USD 1054 billion by 2045. The leading cause of death in T2DM patients is the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the early stages of T2DM, patients develop cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction due to the withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic activity. Diminished cardiac parasympathetic tone can lead to cardiac arrhythmia-related sudden cardiac death, which accounts for 50% of CVD-related deaths in T2DM patients. Regulation of cardiovascular parasympathetic activity is integrated by neural circuitry at multiple levels including afferent, central, and efferent components. Efferent control of cardiac parasympathetic autonomic tone is mediated through the activity of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located in the cardiac extensions of the vagus nerve that signals to postganglionic parasympathetic neurons located in the intracardiac ganglia (ICG) on the heart. Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons exert local control on the heart, independent of higher brain centers, through the release of neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine. Structural and functional alterations in cardiac parasympathetic postganglionic neurons contribute to the withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic tone, resulting in arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death. This review provides an overview of the remodeling of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons in the ICG, and potential mechanisms contributing to the withdrawal of cardiac parasympathetic tone, ventricular arrhythmogenesis, and sudden cardiac death in T2DM. Improving cardiac parasympathetic tone could be a therapeutic avenue to reduce malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death, increasing both the lifespan and improving quality of life of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Evans
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Rodrigues DF, Neves VR, Montarroyos UR, Dos Santos WJ, de Farias ICV, Filho DCS. Association of heart rate variability with cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength in patients after hospitalization for COVID-19: An analytical cross-sectional study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2024; 79:100534. [PMID: 39566371 PMCID: PMC11617900 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2024.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with a moderate to severe clinical condition of COVID-19 who need hospitalization may have dysfunction in Cardiac Autonomic Control (CAC) and functional capacity. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of HRV with cardiorespiratory fitness and respiratory and peripheral muscle strength in patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. METHOD Cross-sectional study with individuals > 18-years old, post-hospitalization for COVID-19, with a positive RT-PCR test. Data on clinical condition and hospital admission were collected, and parameters of respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and functional capacity were evaluated with the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). CAC was assessed by analyzing (Heart Rate Variability) HRV in the time (SDNN, RMSSD) and frequency domains (HF, LF, HF/LF ratio). Pearson correlation was performed between HRV measures and functional parameters. RESULTS The results showed low HRV in study participants, with positive correlations between 6MWT and RMSSD and between SDNN and HF power and negative correlations between Heart Rate and the LF/HF ratio. On the other hand, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength correlated positively with parameters that represent sympathetic nervous system expression (LF nu and LF power) and negatively with the LF/HF ratio. However, changes in HRV parameters were not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSION The dysautonomia of COVID-19 patients was correlated with functional sequelae, though not associated with disease severity parameters. There was low HRV, with low vagal expression, and imbalance in sympathetic/parasympathetic modulation in the study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ferreira Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program at the Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Victor Ribeiro Neves
- Functional Rehabilitation and Performance Postgraduate Program at the Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
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Chen X, Zhong X, Huang GN. Heart regeneration from the whole-organism perspective to single-cell resolution. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:34. [PMID: 39548113 PMCID: PMC11568173 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 10/29/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac regenerative potential in the animal kingdom displays striking divergence across ontogeny and phylogeny. Here we discuss several fundamental questions in heart regeneration and provide both a holistic view of heart regeneration in the organism as a whole, as well as a single-cell perspective on intercellular communication among diverse cardiac cell populations. We hope to provide valuable insights that advance our understanding of organ regeneration and future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guo N Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Lopes Soares L, Portes AMO, Costa SFF, Leite LB, Natali AJ. Autonomic Dysregulation in Pulmonary Hypertension: Role of Physical Exercise. Hypertension 2024; 81:2228-2236. [PMID: 39234679 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.23573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and severe condition characterized by increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, often resulting in right ventricular failure and death. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular and pulmonary controls. Dysfunction of ANS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary diseases. Conversely, dysfunctions in ANS can arise from these diseases, impacting cardiac and pulmonary autonomic functions and contributing to disease progression. The complex interaction between ANS dysfunction and PH plays a crucial role in the disease progression, making it essential to explore interventions that modulate ANS, such as physical exercise, to improve the treatment and prognosis of patients with PH. This review addresses autonomic dysfunctions found in PH and their implications for the cardiopulmonary system. Furthermore, we discuss how physical exercise, a significant modulator of ANS, may contribute to the prognosis of PH. Drawing from evidence of aerobic and resistance exercise training in patients and experimental models of PH, potential cardiovascular benefits of exercise are presented. Finally, we highlight emerging therapeutic targets and perspectives to better cope with the complex condition. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between ANS and PH, coupled with targeted physical exercise interventions, may pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies and significantly improve the treatment and prognosis of vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (L.L.S., S.F.F.C., L.B.L., A.J.N.)
| | | | | | - Luciano Bernardes Leite
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (L.L.S., S.F.F.C., L.B.L., A.J.N.)
| | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil (L.L.S., S.F.F.C., L.B.L., A.J.N.)
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Morris CJ, Rolf MG, Starnes L, Villar IC, Pointon A, Kimko H, Di Veroli GY. Modelling hemodynamics regulation in rats and dogs to facilitate drugs safety risk assessment. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402462. [PMID: 39534082 PMCID: PMC11555398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies routinely screen compounds for hemodynamics related safety risk. In vitro secondary pharmacology is initially used to prioritize compounds while in vivo studies are later used to quantify and translate risk to humans. This strategy has shown limitations but could be improved via the incorporation of molecular findings in the animal-based toxicological risk assessment. The aim of this study is to develop a mathematical model for rat and dog species that can integrate secondary pharmacology modulation and therefore facilitate the overall pre-clinical safety translation assessment. Following an extensive literature review, we built two separate models recapitulating known regulation processes in dogs and rats. We describe the resulting models and show that they can reproduce a variety of interventions in both species. We also show that the models can incorporate the mechanisms of action of a pre-defined list of 50 pharmacological mechanisms whose modulation predict results consistent with known pharmacology. In conclusion, a mechanistic model of hemodynamics regulations in rat and dog species has been developed to support mechanism-based safety translation in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Morris
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael G. Rolf
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linda Starnes
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inmaculada C. Villar
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Kimko
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Y. Di Veroli
- Clinical Pharmacology and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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van Es VAA, de Lathauwer ILJ, Kemps HMC, Handjaras G, Betta M. Remote Monitoring of Sympathovagal Imbalance During Sleep and Its Implications in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:1045. [PMID: 39451420 PMCID: PMC11504514 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Nocturnal sympathetic overdrive is an early indicator of cardiovascular (CV) disease, emphasizing the importance of reliable remote patient monitoring (RPM) for autonomic function during sleep. To be effective, RPM systems must be accurate, non-intrusive, and cost-effective. This review evaluates non-invasive technologies, metrics, and algorithms for tracking nocturnal autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, assessing their CV relevance and feasibility for integration into RPM systems. A systematic search identified 18 relevant studies from an initial pool of 169 publications, with data extracted on study design, population characteristics, technology types, and CV implications. Modalities reviewed include electrodes (e.g., electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), polysomnography (PSG)), optical sensors (e.g., photoplethysmography (PPG), peripheral arterial tone (PAT)), ballistocardiography (BCG), cameras, radars, and accelerometers. Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) emerged as the most promising metrics for RPM, offering a comprehensive view of ANS function and vascular health during sleep. While electrodes provide precise HRV data, they remain intrusive, whereas optical sensors such as PPG demonstrate potential for multimodal monitoring, including HRV, SpO2, and estimates of arterial stiffness and BP. Non-intrusive methods like BCG and cameras are promising for heart and respiratory rate estimation, but less suitable for continuous HRV monitoring. In conclusion, HRV and BP are the most viable metrics for RPM, with PPG-based systems offering significant promise for non-intrusive, continuous monitoring of multiple modalities. Further research is needed to enhance accuracy, feasibility, and validation against direct measures of autonomic function, such as microneurography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A. A. van Es
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (G.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Ignace L. J. de Lathauwer
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Centre, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hareld M. C. Kemps
- Department of Cardiology, Máxima Medical Centre, 5504 DB Veldhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giacomo Handjaras
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (G.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Monica Betta
- MoMiLab Research Unit, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (G.H.); (M.B.)
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Singh A, Kishore PS, Khan S. From Microbes to Myocardium: A Comprehensive Review of the Impact of the Gut-Brain Axis on Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2024; 16:e70877. [PMID: 39497887 PMCID: PMC11533101 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.70877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite advances in medical research and therapeutics. Emerging evidence suggests a significant role of the gut-brain axis, a complex communication network involving the gut microbiota, central nervous system, and cardiovascular system, in modulating cardiovascular health. The gut microbiota influences systemic inflammation, neurohumoral pathways, and metabolic processes, which are critical in the pathogenesis of CVD. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance in the gut microbiota, has been implicated in various cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome, brain, and cardiovascular system, highlighting the mechanisms by which gut-derived signals affect cardiovascular function. Key microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and their impact on vascular health and blood pressure regulation are discussed. Furthermore, the review explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut-brain axis, including probiotics, prebiotics, dietary modifications, and pharmacological interventions, to improve cardiovascular outcomes. Despite promising findings, the field faces challenges such as individual variability in microbiome composition, complexities in gut-brain interactions, and the need for robust clinical trials to establish causality. Addressing these challenges through interdisciplinary research could pave the way for innovative, personalized therapeutic approaches. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the gut-brain-cardiovascular axis, underscoring its potential as a novel target for preventing and treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Singh
- Emergency Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education & Research, Wardha, IND
| | | | - Sharleen Khan
- Ophthalmology, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, IND
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Gołaś A, Pietraszewski P, Roczniok R, Terbalyan A, Maszczyk A, Opaliński R, Zając A. Effects of an 8-week pre-season targeted training on sprinting performance, agility and lower limb muscular asymmetries in elite soccer players. Biol Sport 2024; 41:69-76. [PMID: 39416490 PMCID: PMC11474991 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8 week targeted training program on speed, agility, and muscle asymmetries in soccer players. 32 elite soccer players were recruited for the study. Their age, body mass, and body height were 25.8 ± 7.3 years, 77.4 ± 11.1 kg, and 177.5 ± 9.8 cm, respectively. After the warm-up, participants performed two maximum 30 m sprints with a 5-minute rest interval between trials. After the linear sprint test, performed two repetitions of the COD randomized ZigZag test. The tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the pre-season, which lasted for 8 weeks. EMG was measured bilaterally from the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteal muscles with shorts made of knitted fabric similar to elastic clothes. Athletes in the experimental group performed sport-specific targeted strength training based on movement patterns 4 times per week (Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday). The training included 6 bodyweight exercises (Bird Dog, Single-Leg Glute Bridge, Dead Bug, Side Plank, Reverse Lunge, and Clamshell), performed unilaterally in 5 sets of 10 repetitions of each exercise. The load progression included an additional set in each successive week of the experiment. The data analysis showed significant improvement in 5 m and 30 m sprints after applying the 8-week targeted training protocol. A statistically significant improvement in performance was also observed after the 8-week training period in case of COD, while the speed deficit also decreased significantly. The greatest improvements were observed during the COD test. As a result of repeated COD training over a period of 8 weeks, its technique was improved. Implementation of training methods, which target specific aspects of soccer in the pre-season training routines can improve key motor abilities for that sports discipline. A comprehensive training approach including speed, agility, and resistance training based on specific movement patterns should be applied by strength and conditioning practitioners in soccer teams to achieve peak physical performance and reduce injury risk due to the partial elimination of muscular asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Gołaś
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Robert Roczniok
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Artur Terbalyan
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Adam Maszczyk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Adam Zając
- Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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48
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Prathumsap N, Ongnok B, Khuanjing T, Arinno A, Maneechote C, Chunchai T, Arunsak B, Kerdphoo S, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors stimulation by vagus nerve stimulation ameliorates trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity via reducing programmed cell death in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 491:117074. [PMID: 39168189 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite its efficacy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive cancer treatment, trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (TIC) has become a growing concern. Due to the lack of cardiomyocyte regeneration and proliferation in adult heart, cell death significantly contributes to cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac autonomic modulation by vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown cardioprotective effects in several heart disease models, while the effects of VNS and its underlying mechanisms against TIC have not been found. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: (i) control without VNS (CSham) group, (ii) trastuzumab (4 mg/kg/day, i.p.) without VNS (TSham) group, (iii) trastuzumab + VNS (TVNS) group, (iv) trastuzumab + VNS + mAChR blocker (atropine; 1 mg/kg/day, ip, TVNS + Atro) group, and (v) trastuzumab + VNS + nAChR blocker (mecamylamine; 7.5 mg/kg/day, ip, TVNS + Mec) group. Our results showed that trastuzumab induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction/dynamics imbalance, and cardiomyocyte death including apoptosis, autophagic deficiency, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, which were notably alleviated by VNS. However, mAChR and nAChR blockers significantly inhibited the beneficial effects of VNS on cardiac autonomic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Only nAChR could counteract the protective effects of VNS on cardiac mitochondrial dynamics imbalance and autophagy insufficiency. Therefore, VNS prevented TIC by rebalancing autonomic activity, ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death through mAChR and nAChR activation. The current study provides a novel perspective elucidating the potential treatment of VNS, thus also offering other pharmacological therapeutic promises in TIC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods
- Male
- Rats, Wistar
- Cardiotoxicity
- Rats
- Trastuzumab/toxicity
- Trastuzumab/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism
- Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects
- Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism
- Receptors, Nicotinic/drug effects
- Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/toxicity
- Vagus Nerve/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanthip Prathumsap
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Benjamin Ongnok
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Khuanjing
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apiwan Arinno
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chayodom Maneechote
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Busarin Arunsak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Oh H, Cho AR, Jeon JH, Suh E, Moon J, Cho BH, Lee YK. Association between resting heart rate and low natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1465953. [PMID: 39399484 PMCID: PMC11466811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1465953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Resting heart rate (RHR), a simple physiological indicator, has been demonstrated to be associated with inflammation and even metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether RHR is associated with natural killer cell activity (NKA) in a large population of healthy adults using a novel assay to measure NKA. This cross-sectional study included 7,500 subjects in the final analysis. NKA was estimated by measuring the amount of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) released by activated natural killer cells; low NKA was defined as IFN-γ level <500 pg/mL. Subjects were categorized into four groups according to RHR as follows: C1 (≤ 60 bpm), C2 (60-70 bpm), C3 (70-80 bpm), and C4 (≥ 80 bpm). Individuals with higher RHR exhibited poorer metabolic and inflammatory profiles, with the prevalence of low NKA being highest in the highest RHR category. Compared with C1 as reference, the fully adjusted odd ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for low NKA were significantly higher in C3 (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.08-1.75) and C4 (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.20-2.00). In addition, RHR was shown to exert indirect effects on NKA upon consideration of the mediation effect of serum cortisol in path analysis. Our findings confirm a significant link between elevated RHR and low NKA, and suggest the usefulness of RHR, a simple indicator reflecting increased sympathetic nervous system activity and stress, in predicting reduced immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoju Oh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Ra Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hwan Jeon
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyung Suh
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyung Moon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek Hwan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyong Lee
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Arroyo-Carmona RE, Mitre-Velasco Y, Martinez-Laguna Y, Torres-Jácome J, Albarado-Ibañez A. A maternal diet high in carbohydrates causes bradyarrhythmias and changes in heart rate variability in the offspring sex-dependent in mice. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:34. [PMID: 39334462 PMCID: PMC11428337 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity prepregnancy, as well as gestational overweight produced by high-sucrose diet, could be evolved to the cardiometabolic diseases in offspring during adulthood. Until then, the cardiometabolic diseases were ignored that have been presented or inherited in the offspring for overnutrition were ignored, depend on gender. We proposed that maternal prepregnancy obesity in CD1 mice, as well as gestational overweight produced by a high sucrose diet, develop to cardiometabolic disease in offspring and even if gender. For detection of the cardiometabolic diseases in a Murine model with a high sucrose diet (HSD), the time series formed by the RR intervals taken from lead I of the ECG has used the corresponding Poincare plot. The heart rate variability was characterized by the standard deviation of width and length SD1, SD2 respectively of the Poincare plot and the SD1/SD2 correlation index in addition was calculated between to gender and body weight. RESULTS A maternal diet was based high sucrose diet and produced overweight on progeny in both sexes, but the cardiac arrhythmias depended on gender. Other results were due to the chronic effect of high sucrose diet in offspring with this intrauterine ambiance that contributes to changes in HRV, arrhythmias, and sinus pauses, also these phenomena were observed just in the male mice offspring with high sucrose diet during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS We propose, that the arrhythmias originated from fetal programming due to the maternal diet in mice model and produced alterations in the offspring female more than in the male, probably due to hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Elena Arroyo-Carmona
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Senda Química, Cd Universitaria, Jardines de San Manuel, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, 72570, México
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigaciones de Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, 72960, México
| | - Yareth Mitre-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigaciones de Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, 72960, México
| | - Ygnacio Martinez-Laguna
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, México
| | - Julián Torres-Jácome
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigaciones de Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, 72960, México
| | - Alondra Albarado-Ibañez
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Centro de Investigaciones de Fisicoquímica de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla 2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza, 72960, México.
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