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Pai SR, Padmanabha R, Kamalakar S, Aravind JV, Puttaswamy D, Pn Rao S, Jois SK, Kamath A, Kuriyan R. Comparison of growth patterns in the first year of life between term small for gestational age and appropriate for gestational age South Indian infants. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002477. [PMID: 38719565 PMCID: PMC11086450 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life growth trajectories of Indian small for gestational age (SGA) infants are sparse. This study aimed to compare longitudinal growth in appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and SGA infants during their first year of life. METHODS Apparently healthy term infants (52 SGA, 154 AGA) were recruited at birth and followed up till 1 year. Parental, sociodemographic characteristics and feeding patterns were recorded. Anthropometric measurements were assessed at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age; Z scores and growth velocity at 3-month intervals were computed. Longitudinal measurements were compared between the two groups, using the two-way Friedmans test. Median regression with mixed effects was used to adjust covariates; p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT AGA infants had significantly higher median weight (kg) (2.87 (2.67, 3.04) vs 2.39 (2.25, 2.54)) at birth, (7.08 (6.50, 7.54) vs 6.49 (6.13, 6.78)) at 6 months, (8.64 (7.92, 9.14) vs 7.90 (7.36, 8.54)) at 12 months, median length (cm) ((48.10 (47.20, 49.30) vs 46.75 (45.43, 47.50)) at birth, (65.50 (64.23, 66.98) vs 63.33 (62.26, 65.28)) at 6 months, (73.30 (71.58, 74.66) vs 71.55 (70.00, 73.30)) at 12 months. SGA infants had comparable weight velocity at all intervals except 9-12 months (6.62 (6.45, 6.79) vs (6.70 (6.51, 6.85)), being significantly higher than AGA infants. Differences in skinfold thicknesses between groups were observed only at birth. Exclusivity of breast feeding was significantly higher at 3 months in AGA, compared to SGA infants (80.9% vs 57.8%). Length velocity was comparable at all ages between groups. Sexual dimorphism was observed in the growth velocities of both groups. CONCLUSION SGA infants grew in parallel to AGA infants, having significantly lower anthropometric measurements at all time points. However, growth velocities were similar; SGA infants had significantly higher weight velocity from 9 to 12 months. Longitudinal studies beyond 1 year of age, using body composition are needed to determine the quality of growth in Indian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Pai
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, (Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) and Recognised Research Centre of Mysore University), St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramya Padmanabha
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, (Centre for Doctoral Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) and Recognised Research Centre of Mysore University), St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjana Kamalakar
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jini V Aravind
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepa Puttaswamy
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suman Pn Rao
- Department of Neonatology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas K Jois
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Senat A, Tas EE, Eroglu H, Bal C, Yavuz AF, Yucel A, Erel O, Ersoz A. A comprehensive assessment of redox balance in small for gestational age newborns and their mothers. Lab Med 2024; 55:209-214. [PMID: 37499047 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess oxidative stress in small for gestational age (SGA) newborns and their mothers by evaluating intra- and extracellular thiol homeostasis and the quantification of major oxidants and antioxidants. METHODS A total of 75 mothers and their 75 newborns (43 SGA) were enrolled in this study. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis, serum myeloperoxidase, catalase, total oxidant, and antioxidant status were analyzed. Additionally, erythrocytic glutathione (GSH) homeostasis was measured. RESULTS Although native and total thiol levels were decreased, disulfide levels were increased in SGA groups. Additionally, myeloperoxidase activity and total oxidant status levels were significantly elevated whereas total antioxidant status levels and enzymatic antioxidant systems were diminished in SGA groups. Similarly, intra-erythrocytic GSH homeostasis was shifted in favor of oxidants in SGA groups. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that insufficient antioxidant systems in mothers and a robust source of oxidative stress in SGA might contribute to the pathophysiology of SGA births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almila Senat
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Erdem Tas
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Eroglu
- Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Bal
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Filiz Yavuz
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykan Yucel
- Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women's Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Department of Perinatology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ersoz
- Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Eskisehir, Turkey
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Hurley SK, Vizthum D, Ducharme-Smith K, Kamath-Rayne BD, Brady TM. Birth History and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Youth With Significant Obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:365-374. [PMID: 37326064 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231177286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Children born prematurely have greater lifetime risk for hypertension. We aimed to determine (1) the association between prematurity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among 90 children with obesity and elevated blood pressure and (2) if dietary sodium intake modified these associations. Multivariable regression analysis explored for associations between prematurity (<37 weeks gestation; early gestational age) and low birth weight (<2.5 kg) with hypertension, left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Effect modification by dietary sodium intake was also explored. Patients were predominately male (60%), black (78%), adolescents (13.3 years), and with substantial obesity (body mass index: 36.5 kg/m2). Early gestational age/low birth weight was not an independent predictor for hypertension, LVMI, or LVH. There was no effect modification by sodium load. Our results suggest the increased CVD risk conferred by prematurity is less significant at certain cardiometabolic profiles. Promoting heart-healthy lifestyles to prevent pediatric obesity remains of utmost importance to foster cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Hurley
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diane Vizthum
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Tammy M Brady
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Christensen J, Zoega H, Leinonen MK, Gilhus NE, Gissler M, Igland J, Sun Y, Tomson T, Alvestad S, Bjørk MH, Dreier JW. Prenatal exposure to antiseizure medications and fetal growth: a population-based cohort study from the Nordic countries. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 38:100849. [PMID: 38476755 PMCID: PMC10928302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Background The short- and long-term consequences of restricted fetal growth cause considerable concern, and how prenatal exposure to different antiseizure medications (ASMs) affects fetal growth remains uncertain. Methods This was a population-based cohort study of liveborn singleton children born in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden from 1996 to 2017. Prenatal exposure was defined as maternal filling of prescriptions for ASM during pregnancy registered in national prescription registries and primary outcomes were adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of microcephaly or being born small for gestational age. Findings We identified 4,494,918 children (males: 51.3%, 2,306,991/4,494,918), including 38,714 (0.9%) children of mothers with epilepsy. In the overall population, prenatal monotherapy exposure with carbamazepine (aOR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.12-1.40)), pregabalin (aOR: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.31)), oxcarbazepine (aOR: 1.48 (95% CI: 1.28-1.71)), clonazepam (aOR: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.10-1.48)), and topiramate (aOR: 1.48 (95% CI: 1.18-1.85)) was associated with risk of being born small for gestational age, and carbamazepine was associated with microcephaly (aOR: 1.43 (95% CI: 1.17-1.75)). In children of mothers with epilepsy, prenatal exposure to carbamazepine (aOR: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.11-1.47)), oxcarbazepine (aOR: 1.42 (95% CI: 1.18-1.70)), clonazepam (aOR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.03-1.89)), and topiramate (aOR: 1.86 (95% CI: 1.36-2.54)) was associated with being born small for gestational age; carbamazepine, with microcephaly (aOR: 1.51 (95% CI: 1.17-1.95)). No associations with small for gestational age and microcephaly were identified after prenatal exposure to lamotrigine, valproate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, acetazolamide, phenytoin, clobazam, primidone, zonisamide, vigabatrin, ethosuximide and lacosamide, but except for lamotrigine, valproate, gabapentin, and levetiracetam, numbers of exposed children were small. Interpretation Prenatal exposure to carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, clonazepam, and topiramate was associated with increased risk of being born small for gestational age in both the overall population and in children of women with epilepsy suggesting that prenatal exposure to these drugs is associated with fetal growth restriction. Funding The NordForsk Nordic Program on Health and Welfare (83539), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (1133-00026B), the Danish Epilepsy Association, the Central Denmark Region, the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0019126 and NNF22OC0075033), and the Lundbeck Foundation (R400-2022-1205).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Christensen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helga Zoega
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maarit K. Leinonen
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Erik Gilhus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mika Gissler
- Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jannicke Igland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yuelian Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torbjörn Tomson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silje Alvestad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- National Center for Epilepsy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marte-Helene Bjørk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Julie Werenberg Dreier
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, CIRRAU, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Hansen C, Davison B, Singh GR. Small for gestational age and anthropometric body composition from early childhood to adulthood: the Aboriginal Birth Cohort study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1349040. [PMID: 38450125 PMCID: PMC10915257 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1349040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In Australia the estimated rate of small for gestational age (SGA) births is 9% among non-Indigenous births compared to 14% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. There is limited research investigating the effect of being born SGA on body composition later in life in Indigenous Australians. Methods Using data from the Aboriginal Birth Cohort longitudinal study, we compared the body composition of those born SGA to non-SGA by analysing anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference, fat percentage [FAT%], body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio, and A body shape index [ABSI]) collected at four follow-up periods (from childhood to adult). For cross-sectional analyses, linear regression models were employed to assess factors associated with anthropometric measures. For longitudinal analyses linear mixed models were employed to assess differences in anthropometric measures among SGA versus non-SGA individuals while adjusting for repeated measures. Results The analytic baseline cohort were those who participated in Wave 2 (n = 570). In cross-sectional analyses, across all waves those born SGA had smaller anthropometric z-scores compared to non-SGA individuals (β ranging from -0.50 to -0.25). Participants residing in urban environments were significantly larger in Waves 2 to 4 (β ranged 0.26 to 0.65). Those born SGA had higher ABSI scores in Waves 2 and 4 (β 0.26 and 0.37, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, those born SGA had smaller measures of body composition across the life course; these differences were larger in urban communities. In remote communities those born SGA had significantly higher ABSI scores during adolescence and young adulthood, and this difference was not observed in urban communities. Conclusion Indigenous Australians born SGA are smaller anthropometrically later in life compared to their non-SGA counterparts. In remote communities, those born SGA had higher levels of central adiposity compared to non-SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Hansen
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Belinda Davison
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Gurmeet R. Singh
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Northern Territory Medical Program, Flinders University, Darwin, Darwin, NT, Australia
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Lee TK, Kim YM, Lim HH. Comparison of anthropometric, metabolic, and body compositional abnormalities in Korean children and adolescents born small, appropriate, and large for gestational age: a population-based study from KNHANES V (2010-2011). Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:29-37. [PMID: 38461803 PMCID: PMC10925778 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346044.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The impacts of growth restriction and programming in the fetal stage on metabolic and bone health in children and adolescents are poorly understood. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence for the relationship between current growth status and metabolic components. Herein, we compared the growth status, metabolic and body compositions, and bone mineral density in Korean children and adolescents based on birth weight at gestational age. METHODS We studied 1,748 subjects (272 small for gestational age [SGA], 1,286 appropriate for gestational age [AGA], and 190 large for gestational age [LGA]; 931 men and 817 women) aged 10-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) V (2010-2011). Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood biochemistry, and body composition data were analyzed according to birth weight and gestational age. RESULTS The prevalence of low birth weight (14.7% vs. 1.2% in AGA and 3.2% in LGA, p<0.001) and current short stature (2.237 [1.296-3.861] compared to AGA, p=0.004) in SGA subjects was greater than that in other groups; however, the prevalence of overweight and obesity risks, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MetS component abnormalities was not. Moreover, no significant differences were found in age- and sex-adjusted lean mass ratio, fat mass ratio, truncal fat ratio, bone mineral content, or bone density among the SGA, AGA, and LGA groups in Korean children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that birth weight alone may not be a determining factor for body composition and bone mass in Korean children and adolescents. Further prospective and longitudinal studies in adults are necessary to confirm the impact of SGA on metabolic components and bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Kwan Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoo Mi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Korea
| | - Han Hyuk Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Zamojska J, Niewiadomska-Jarosik K, Kierzkowska B, Gruca M, Wosiak A, Smolewska E. Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:4781. [PMID: 38004175 PMCID: PMC10674326 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid disorders are one of the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the lipid profile in early childhood in the population of Polish children born small for gestational age (SGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 140 patients (93 SGA children and 47 controls) aged 5 to 11 years. All the subjects underwent a physical examination and blood laboratory tests for the glucose and lipid profiles. The SGA group was divided into subgroups, i.e., symmetrical and asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). RESULTS Blood sample analysis revealed higher levels of total cholesterol (SGA group 190.61 ± 24.66 mg/dL vs. controls 143.23 ± 23.90; p < 0.001). The analysis of particular cholesterol fractions showed significantly higher mean values of triglycerides and LDL cholesterol as well as lower mean values of HDL cholesterol in SGA children. Children in both groups did not differ significantly in terms of weight or body mass index. A statistically significantly higher glucose concentration was observed in SGA patients with the symmetrical type of IUGR. Analyzing the differences regarding metabolic factors, we obtained a statistically significant difference only in fasting glucose concentration (asymmetrical IUGR = 90.56 ± 10.21 vs. symmetrical IUGR = 98.95 ± 14.79; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children born SGA, even those not suffering from overweight or obesity in their early childhood, have an abnormal lipid profile, which may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Zamojska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.-J.); (B.K.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Niewiadomska-Jarosik
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.-J.); (B.K.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Beata Kierzkowska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.-J.); (B.K.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Marta Gruca
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.-J.); (B.K.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Wosiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Smolewska
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (K.N.-J.); (B.K.); (M.G.); (E.S.)
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Barroso E, Díaz M, Reguera AC, Peyman M, Balsinde J, Jurado-Aguilar J, Zhang M, Rostami A, Palomer X, Ibáñez L, Vázquez-Carrera M. CHOP upregulation and dysregulation of the mature form of the SNAT2 amino acid transporter in the placentas from small for gestational age newborns. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:326. [PMID: 37957724 PMCID: PMC10644500 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placentas from newborns that are small for gestational age (SGA; birth weight < -2 SD for gestational age) may display multiple pathological characteristics. A key determinant of fetal growth and, therefore, birth weight is placental amino acid transport, which is under the control of the serine/threonine kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on the mTOR pathway and the levels of amino acid transporters are not well established. METHODS Placentas from SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns and the human placental BeWo cell line exposed to the ER stressor tunicamycin were used. RESULTS We detected a significant increase in the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) in the placentas from SGA newborns compared with those from AGA newborns, while the levels of other ER stress markers were barely affected. In addition, placental mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and the levels of the mature form of the amino acid transporter sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 (SNAT2) were also reduced in the SGA group. Interestingly, CHOP has been reported to upregulate growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), which in turn suppresses mTORC1 activity. The GADD34 inhibitor guanabenz attenuated the increase in CHOP protein levels and the reduction in mTORC1 activity caused by the ER stressor tunicamycin in the human placental cell line BeWo, but it did not recover mature SNAT2 protein levels, which might be reduced as a result of defective glycosylation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data reveal that GADD34A activity and glycosylation are key factors controlling mTORC1 signaling and mature SNAT2 levels in trophoblasts, respectively, and might contribute to the SGA condition. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barroso
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Reguera
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Mona Peyman
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Meijian Zhang
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Adel Rostami
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lourdes Ibáñez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
- Endocrinology, Pediatric Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Esplugues, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia I Ciències de L'Alimentació, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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9
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Liao J, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Qiu C, Chen W, Zhang JJ, Berhane K, Bai Z, Han B, Xu J, Jiang YH, Gilliland F, Yan W, Huang G, Chen Z. Identifying critical windows of air pollution exposure during preconception and gestational period on birthweight: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2023; 22:71. [PMID: 37858139 PMCID: PMC10585741 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have assessed air pollution exposure association with birthweight during both preconception and gestational periods. METHODS Leveraging a preconception cohort consisting of 14220 pregnant women and newborn children in Shanghai, China during 2016-2018, we aim to assess associations of NO2 and PM2.5 exposure, derived from high-resolution spatial-temporal models, during preconception and gestational periods with outcomes including term birthweight, birthweight Z-score, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and large-for-gestational age (LGA). Linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate 3-month preconception and trimester-averaged air pollution exposure associations; and distributed lag models (DLM) were used to identify critical exposure windows at the weekly resolution from preconception to delivery. Two-pollutant models and children's sex-specific associations were explored. RESULTS After controlling for covariates, one standard deviation (SD) (11.5 μg/m3, equivalent to 6.1 ppb) increase in NO2 exposure during the second and the third trimester was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval: 2 - 26%) and 14% (95% CI: 1 - 29%) increase in SGA, respectively; and one SD (9.6 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 exposure during the third trimester was associated with 15% (95% CI: 1 - 31%) increase in SGA. No association have been found for outcomes of birthweight, birthweight Z-score and LGA. DLM found that gestational weeks 22-32 were a critical window, when NO2 exposure had strongest associations with SGA. The associations of air pollution exposure tended to be stronger in female newborns than in male newborns. However, no significant associations of air pollution exposure during preconception period on birthweight outcomes were found. CONCLUSION Consistent with previous studies, we found that air pollution exposure during mid-to-late pregnancy was associated with adverse birthweight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenchun Yang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Chenyu Qiu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Wu Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Environmental Science and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Zhipeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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10
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Yang G, wang N, Liu H, Si L, Zhao Y. The association between umbilical cord blood fat-soluble vitamin concentrations and infant birth weight. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1048615. [PMID: 37810886 PMCID: PMC10551177 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1048615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D and E, play an important role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, and may affect infant birth weight. Evidence on the association of birthweight with fat-soluble vitamins is controversial. Therefore, this study aims is to determine the associations of birthweight with vitamin A, D, and E concentrations in cord blood. Methods A total of 199 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the study. According to gestational age and birth weight, the mother-infant pairs were divided into small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and large for gestational age (LGA). The Vitamin A, D, and E concentrations in serum were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Results The concentrations of vitamin A in the SGA group were significantly lower than those in the AGA and LGA groups. The concentrations of vitamin E in the SGA group were significantly higher than those in the AGA and LGA groups. However, no significant differences were observed in vitamin D among the three groups. Being male (β = 0.317, p < 0.001) and birth weight (β = 0.229, p = 0.014) were positively correlated with the levels of vitamin A. Birth weight (β = -0.213, p= 0.026) was correlated with lower levels of vitamin E. No correlation was found between influencing Factors and the levels of vitamin D (p> 0.05). After adjusting for gestational age, sex, mother's age, delivery mode, pre-pregnancy BMI, and weight gain during pregnancy, the levels of cord blood vitamin A were positively correlated with birth weight (p=0.012). Conclusion The infant's birth weight is associated with the levels of cord blood vitamins A and E. The dysregulation of vitamins A and E in infants may be a risk factor for fetal growth and future metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nianrong wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lina Si
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Balomenou F, Rallis D, Evangelou F, Zisi A, Balomenou K, Tsekas N, Tzoufi M, Siomou E, Giapros V. Growth trajectories during infancy have a significant impact on body composition in childhood. Nutr Res 2023; 116:37-47. [PMID: 37331187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supports that growth trajectory during infancy has a major impact on body composition. We aimed to examine body composition in children born small for gestational age (SGA) or appropriate for gestational age (AGA) adjusted for postnatal growth velocity. We enrolled 365 children, 75 SGA and 290 AGA, aged 7 to 10 years, examining anthropometrics, skinfold thickness, and body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Growth velocity was defined as rapid or slow (weight gain > or <0.67 z-scores, respectively). Gestational age, sex, delivery mode, gestational diabetes, hypertension, nutrition, exercise, parental body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status were considered. At a mean of 9 years of age, SGA compared with AGA-born children, had significantly lower lean mass. BMI was negatively associated with SGA status (beta = 0.80, P = .046), after adjusting for birth weight, delivery mode, and breastfeeding. The lean mass index was negatively associated with SGA status (beta = 0.39, P = .018), after adjusting for the same factors. SGA-born participants with slow growth velocity had significantly lower lean mass in comparison to AGA-born counterparts. SGA-born children with rapid compared with those with slow growth velocity had significantly higher absolute fat mass. BMI was negatively associated with a slow postnatal growth pattern (beta = 0.59, P = .023), and the lean mass index was negatively associated with a slow postnatal growth pattern (beta = 0.78, P = .006), after adjusting for the same factors. In conclusion, SGA-born children presented a lower lean mass in comparison to AGA-born counterparts, whereas BMI and lean mass index were negatively associated with slow postnatal growth velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Balomenou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Rallis
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Filippos Evangelou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna Zisi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Balomenou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsekas
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Meropi Tzoufi
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Siomou
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Giapros
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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12
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Raets L, Van Doninck L, Van Crombrugge P, Moyson C, Verhaeghe J, Vandeginste S, Verlaenen H, Vercammen C, Maes T, Dufraimont E, Roggen N, De Block C, Jacquemyn Y, Mekahli F, De Clippel K, Van Den Bruel A, Loccufier A, Laenen A, Devlieger R, Mathieu C, Benhalima K. Normal glucose tolerant women with low glycemia during the oral glucose tolerance test have a higher risk to deliver a low birth weight infant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1186339. [PMID: 37334297 PMCID: PMC10272607 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1186339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data are limited on pregnancy outcomes of normal glucose tolerant (NGT) women with a low glycemic value measured during the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Our aim was to evaluate maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of NGT women with low glycemia measured at fasting, 1-hour or 2-hour OGTT. Methods The Belgian Diabetes in Pregnancy-N study was a multicentric prospective cohort study with 1841 pregnant women receiving an OGTT to screen for gestational diabetes (GDM). We compared the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in NGT women according to different groups [(<3.9mmol/L), (3.9-4.2mmol/L), (4.25-4.4mmol/L) and (>4.4mmol/L)] of lowest glycemia measured during the OGTT. Pregnancy outcomes were adjusted for confounding factors such as body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain. Results Of all NGT women, 10.7% (172) had low glycemia (<3.9 mmol/L) during the OGTT. Women in the lowest glycemic group (<3.9mmol/L) during the OGTT had compared to women in highest glycemic group (>4.4mmol/L, 29.9%, n=482), a better metabolic profile with a lower BMI, less insulin resistance and better beta-cell function. However, women in the lowest glycemic group had more often inadequate gestational weight gain [51.1% (67) vs. 29.5% (123); p<0.001]. Compared to the highest glycemia group, women in the lowest group had more often a birth weight <2.5Kg [adjusted OR 3.41, 95% CI (1.17-9.92); p=0.025]. Conclusion Women with a glycemic value <3.9 mmol/L during the OGTT have a higher risk for a neonate with birth weight < 2.5Kg, which remained significant after adjustment for BMI and gestational weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Raets
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paul Van Crombrugge
- Department of Endocrinology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis (OLV) Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Carolien Moyson
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Verhaeghe
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Vandeginste
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis (OLV) Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Hilde Verlaenen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis (OLV) Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Chris Vercammen
- Department of Endocrinology, Imelda Ziekenhuis, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Toon Maes
- Department of Endocrinology, Imelda Ziekenhuis, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Els Dufraimont
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Imelda Ziekenhuis, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Nele Roggen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Imelda Ziekenhuis, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Christophe De Block
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Metabolism, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Yves Jacquemyn
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC) and Global Health Institute (GHI), Antwerp University University of Antwerp (UA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Farah Mekahli
- Department of Endocrinology, Kliniek St-Jan Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Clippel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kliniek St-Jan Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Annick Van Den Bruel
- Department of Endocrinology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis (AZ) St. Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Anne Loccufier
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Algemeen Ziekenhuis (AZ) St. Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Annouschka Laenen
- Center of Biostatics and Statistical bioinformatics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Universitair Ziekenhuis (UZ) Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Benhalima
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Moschonis G, Halilagic A, Karaglani E, Mavrogianni C, Mourouti N, Collins CE, Manios Y. Likelihood of obesity in early and late childhood based on growth trajectory during infancy. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01310-8. [PMID: 37076589 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity rates have reached epidemic levels with Mediterranean countries reporting among the highest numbers globally. Evidence suggests early life factors, including infant growth rate, increase the likelihood of obesity later in childhood. However, optimal rates of infant growth associated with lower odds of future obesity still remain undetermined. The study aim was to determine the optimal infant growth rate associated with a lower likelihood of childhood overweight and obesity. METHODS Perinatal and anthropometric data collected from 1778 Greek preschool (2-5 years old) and 2294 Greek preadolescent (10-12 years old) children participating in the ToyBox and the Healthy Growth Study (HGS) respectively, was combined for examination. Logistic regression models and receiver operating curves were used to determine the association between infant growth rate and development of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as optimal infant growth rate, respectively. RESULTS Rapid weight gain during the first 6 months of life was positively associated with overweight and obesity in preadolescent children (OR:1.36, 95% CI: 1.13-1.63). Optimal cut-off points for several infancy growth rate indices (i.e., WAZ, WLZ, HAZ, BAZ) associated with a lower likelihood of overweight and obesity in preschool years and preadolescence were also identified. CONCLUSIONS The current findings could possibly set the basis for healthcare professionals and families to better monitor, assess, and control infant growth rates, thus providing another obesity prevention strategy from early life. These findings, however, and the recommended optimal cut-offs need to be confirmed through further prospective research.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
| | - Anela Halilagic
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Mavrogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Mourouti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Sitia, Greece
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece.
- Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece.
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14
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Maessen SE, Taylor BJ, Gillon G, Moewaka Barnes H, Firestone R, Taylor RW, Milne B, Hetrick S, Cargo T, McNeil B, Cutfield W. A better start national science challenge: supporting the future wellbeing of our tamariki E tipu, e rea, mō ngā rā o tō ao: grow tender shoot for the days destined for you. J R Soc N Z 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2023.2173257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Maessen
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry J. Taylor
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gail Gillon
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Child Well-being Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen Moewaka Barnes
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Whariki Research Group, SHORE and Whariki Research Centre, School of Public Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ridvan Firestone
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Research Centre for Hauora & Health, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rachael W. Taylor
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barry Milne
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in Social Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Cargo
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bridgid McNeil
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Child Well-being Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Teacher Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Cutfield
- A Better Start National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Liggins Institute, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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The Associations of Birthweight for Gestational Age Status with Its Differential 0-2 Year Growth Trajectory and Blood Pressure at Two Years of Age in Chinese Boys and Girls. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040979. [PMID: 36839337 PMCID: PMC9959466 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The first 1000 days of life represents a critical period for lifelong metabolic health. This study prospectively examined the contrasts between the growth trajectories of large, small, and appropriate sizes for gestational age (LGA, SGA, and AGA) term-born infants in their first two years, and their blood pressure at two years. In 2012-2013, 806 Chinese mother-newborn dyads were enrolled in the Shanghai Obesity and Allergy Birth Cohort Study. Repeated anthropometric measures were obtained at age 42 days, and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) were measured at two years of age. Linear random effect models were employed to evaluate growth trajectory differences between LGA, SGA, and AGA infants. Of the study infants, 12.4% were LGA and 4.0% SGA. Length, weight, and weight-for-length z-score (ZWFL) were all consistently higher in LGA infants and lower in SGA infants than AGA infants. SGA infants had a higher ZWFL (0.11 unit/month; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.19) and a higher BMI (0.19; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.28 kg/m2 per month) growth velocity at age 0-6 months, relative to AGA infants. SGA was associated with 6.4 (0.4-12.4) mmHg higher SBP, and LGA was associated with 2.9 (95% CI -5.2, -0.5) mmHg lower DBP at two years of age in boys, however, not in girls. In conclusion, in this prospective birth cohort with repeated anthropometric measures and BP at two years of age, LGA, SGA, and AGA term-born infants manifested differential patterns of weight growth trajectory and BP, providing new insight into developmental origins of cardiometabolic health.
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16
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Wołejszo S, Genowska A, Motkowski R, Strukcinskiene B, Klukowski M, Konstantynowicz J. Insights into Prevention of Health Complications in Small for Gestational Age (SGA) Births in Relation to Maternal Characteristics: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020531. [PMID: 36675464 PMCID: PMC9862121 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) births are a significant clinical and public health issue. The objective of this review was to summarize maternal biological and socio-demographic factors and preventive strategies used to reduce the risk of SGA births. A literature search encompassing data from the last 15 years was conducted using electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus to review risk factors and preventive strategies for SGA. Current evidence shows that primiparity, previous stillbirths, maternal age ≤24 and ≥35 years, single motherhood, low socio-economic status, smoking and cannabis use during pregnancy confer a significant risk of SGA births. Studies on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and SGA birth weight are inconclusive. Beneficial and preventive factors include the "Mediterranean diet" and dietary intake of vegetables. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation, maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D, zinc and iron levels are partly associated with birth weight. No significant associations between COVID-19 vaccinations and birthweight are reported. A midwifery-led model based on early and extensive prenatal care reduces the risk of SGA births in women with low socio-economic status. Major preventive measures relate to the awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of SGA, leading to changes in parents' lifestyles. These data support that education, monitoring during pregnancy, and implementing preventive strategies are as important as biological determinants in risk reduction of SGA births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wołejszo
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, University Children′s Hospital, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Genowska
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Radosław Motkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, University Children′s Hospital, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Mark Klukowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, University Children′s Hospital, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jerzy Konstantynowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Rheumatology, Immunology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, University Children′s Hospital, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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Zhai X, Liu J, Yu M, Zhang Q, Li M, Zhao N, Liu J, Song Y, Ma L, Li R, Qiao Z, Zhao G, Wang R, Xiao X. Nontargeted metabolomics reveals the potential mechanism underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36624413 PMCID: PMC9830726 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-05346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites associated with small- and large-gestational-age newborns in maternal and cord blood, and to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the association between birthweight and metabolic disturbances. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recorded detailed anthropometric data of mother-offspring dyads. Untargeted metabolomic assays were performed on 67 pairs of cord blood and maternal fasting plasma samples including 16 pairs of small-for-gestational (SGA, < 10th percentile) dyads, 28 pairs of appropriate-for-gestational (AGA, approximate 50 percentile) dyads, and 23 pairs of large-for-gestational (LGA, > 90th percentile) dyads. The association of metabolites with newborn birthweight was conducted to screen for metabolites with U-shaped and line-shaped distributions. The association of metabolites with maternal and fetal phenotypes was also performed. RESULTS We found 2 types of metabolites that changed in different patterns according to newborn birthweight. One type of metabolite exhibited a "U-shaped" trend of abundance fluctuation in the SGA-AGA-LGA groups. The results demonstrated that cuminaldehyde level was lower in the SGA and LGA groups, and its abundance in cord blood was negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r = -0.352 p = 0.009) and weight gain (r = -0.267 p = 0.043). 2-Methoxy-estradiol-17b 3-glucuronide, which showed enrichment in the SGA and LGA groups, was positively correlated with homocysteine (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and free fatty acid (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) in maternal blood. Serotonin and 13(S)-HODE were the second type of metabolites, denoted as "line-shaped", which both showed increasing trends in the SGA-AGA-LGA groups in both maternal and cord blood and were both significantly positively correlated with maternal BMI before pregnancy. Moreover, cuminaldehyde, serotonin, 13(S)-HODE and some lipid metabolites showed a strong correlation between maternal and cord blood. CONCLUSIONS These investigations demonstrate broad-scale metabolomic differences associated with newborn birthweight in both pregnant women and their newborns. The U-shaped metabolites associated with both the SGA and LGA groups might explain the U-shaped association between birthweight and metabolic dysregulation. The line-shaped metabolites might participate in intrauterine growth regulation. These observations might help to provide new insights into the insulin resistance and the risk of metabolic disturbance of SGA and LGA babies in adulthood and might identify potential new markers for adverse newborn outcomes in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhai
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jieying Liu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China ,grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Miao Yu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Ming Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Nan Zhao
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Juntao Liu
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Yingna Song
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Liangkun Ma
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Rongrong Li
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Zongxu Qiao
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifen Zhao
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiping Wang
- grid.478131.80000 0004 9334 6499Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Xingtai People’s Hospital, Xingtai, Hebei 054000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- grid.413106.10000 0000 9889 6335Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730 China
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18
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Does Fetal Growth Adequacy Affect the Nutritional Composition of Mothers' Milk?: A Historical Cohort Study. Am J Perinatol 2023; 40:163-171. [PMID: 33878767 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the association between intrauterine growth of preterm infants and energy and macronutrient contents in their mothers' milk. STUDY DESIGN A historical cohort of mothers of preterm infants was assessed according to offspring's intrauterine growth. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) was defined as small-for-gestational age or appropriate for gestational age with fetal growth deceleration. During the first 4 weeks after delivery, the composition of daily pool samples of mothers' milk was measured by using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer. Explanatory models for milk energy, true protein, total carbohydrate, and fat contents were obtained by generalized additive mixed effects regression models. RESULTS In total, 127 milk samples were analyzed from 73 mothers who delivered 92 neonates. Energy content was significantly higher in mothers with chronic hypertension (average: +6.28 kcal/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-12.01; p = 0.034) and for extremely preterm compared with very preterm infants (average: +5.95 kcal/dL; 95% CI: 2.16-9.73; p = 0.003), and weakly associated with single pregnancies (average: +3.38 kcal/dL; 95% CI: 0.07-6.83; p = 0.057). True protein content was significantly higher in mothers with chronic hypertension (average: +0.91 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.63-1.19; p < 0.001) and with hypertension induced by pregnancy (average: +0.25 g/dL, 95% CI: 0.07-0.44; p = 0.007), and for extremely preterm compared with very and moderate preterm infants (average: +0.19; 95% CI: 0.01-0.38; p = 0.043 and +0.28 g/dL; 95% CI: 0.05-0.51; p = 0.017, respectively). Fat content was weakly and negatively associated with FGR, both in SGA infants and AGA infants with fetal growth deceleration (average: -0.44 g/dL; 95% CI: -0.92 to -0.05; p = 0.079 and average: -0.36 g/dL; 95% CI: -0.74 to -0.02; p = 0.066, respectively). CONCLUSION Energy and macronutrient contents in mothers' milk of preterm infants was significantly and positively associated with the degree of prematurity and hypertension. The hypothesis that the composition of milk is associated with FGR was not demonstrated. KEY POINTS · Energy and protein are higher for more immature infants.. · Energy and/or protein is higher in hypertension.. · Fat may be lower for infants with intrauterine growth restriction..
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19
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Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Small for Gestational Age Infants with Very Low Birth Weight. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235158. [PMID: 36501188 PMCID: PMC9738608 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small for gestational age (SGA) birth is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The aim of this preliminary observational study was to investigate the difference in gut microbiota between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) preterm infants with very low birth weight (VLBW). We included 20 VLBW preterm infants (SGA, n = 10; AGA, n = 10) in this study. Stool samples were collected on days 7, 14, and 30 after birth. We performed 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing to compare microbiota composition between both groups. The SGA group exhibited a lower abundance of Klebsiella on day 14 (SGA, 0.57%; AGA, 7.42%; p = 0.037). On day 30, the SGA group exhibited a lower abundance of Klebsiella (SGA 3.76% vs. AGA 16.05%; p = 0.07) and Enterobacter (SGA 5.09% vs. AGA 27.25%; p = 0.011) than the AGA group. Beta diversity demonstrated a separation of the bacterial community structure between both groups on day 30 (p = 0.019). The present study revealed that a distinct gut microbiota profile gradually develops in SGA preterm infants with VLBW during the early days of life. The role of changes in gut microbiota structure warrants further investigation.
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20
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Saito Y, Kobayashi S, Ito S, Miyashita C, Umazume T, Cho K, Watari H, Ito Y, Saijo Y, Kishi R. Neurodevelopmental delay up to the age of 4 years in infants born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:2054-2062. [PMID: 36134892 PMCID: PMC9720201 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the neurodevelopment of infants born to women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the National Birth Cohort in the Japan Environment and Children's Study from 2011 to 2014 (n = 81,705) were used. Japan uses the GDM guidelines of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. The Japanese translation of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, third Edition, was used to assess neurodevelopment in the following domains: communication skills, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, problem-solving ability, and personal and social skills. The survey was carried out every 6 months from the age of 6 months to 4 years (total of eight times). Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between maternal GDM and neurodevelopmental delay based on odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in problem-solving ability, fine motor skills, and personal and social skills, were significantly higher in infants born to women with GDM than in those born to women without GDM (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.36; adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03-1.27; and adjusted OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.33). Furthermore, stratification showed no significant increase in the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of girls. CONCLUSIONS Neurodevelopment was significantly delayed up to 4 years-of-age among boys born to women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Center for Perinatal MedicineHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of NursingJapanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of NursingKitamiJapan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Social MedicineAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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21
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Relationship between Maternal Vitamin D Levels and Adverse Outcomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204230. [PMID: 36296914 PMCID: PMC9610169 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, has a variety of functions that are important for growth and development, including regulation of cell differentiation and apoptosis, immune system development, and brain development. As such, VD status during pregnancy is critical for maternal health, fetal skeletal growth, and optimal pregnancy outcomes. Studies have confirmed that adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, low birth weight, neonatal hypocalcemia, poor postnatal growth, skeletal fragility, and increased incidence of autoimmune diseases, can be associated with low VD levels during pregnancy and infancy. Thus, there is growing interest in the role of VD during pregnancy. This review summarizes the potential adverse health outcomes of maternal VD status during pregnancy for both mother and offspring (gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive gestational hypertension, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, stillbirth, and preterm birth) and discusses the underlying mechanisms (regulation of cytokine pathways, immune system processing, internal secretion, placental function, etc.) of VD in regulating each of the outcomes. This review aims to provide a basis for public health intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of adverse pregnancies.
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22
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Jeong HR, Han JA, Kim H, Lee HJ, Shim YS, Kang MJ, Yoon JS, Ryu S, Hwang IT. Exosomal miRNA Profile in Small-for-Gestational-Age Children: A Potential Biomarker for Catch-Up Growth. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:938. [PMID: 35741700 PMCID: PMC9223036 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The mechanism underlying postnatal growth failure and catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children is poorly understood. This study investigated the exosomal miRNA signature associated with catch-up growth in SGA children. Methods: In total, 16 SGA and 10 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children were included. Serum exosomal miRNA was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Exosomal miRNA was profiled for five SGA children with catch-up growth (SGA-CU), six SGA children without CU growth (SGA-nCU), and five AGA children. Results: Exosomal miRNA profiles were clustered into three clear groups. The exosomal miRNA expression profiles of the SGA-nCU group differed from those of the SGA-CU and AGA groups. In all, 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed between SGA-nCU and AGA, 19 between SGA-nCU and SGA-CU, and only 6 between SGA-CU and AGA. In both SGA-nCU and SGA-CU, miR-874-3p was upregulated and miR-6126 was downregulated. Therefore, these two miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for SGA. Compared with SGA-CU and AGA, miR-30c-5p, miR-363-3p, miR-29a-3p, and miR-29c-3p were upregulated in SGA-nCU, while miR-629-5p and miR-23a-5p were downregulated. These six miRNAs could be associated with growth failure in SGA-nCU children. Conclusions: SGA children without CU have a distinct exosomal miRNA expression profile compared with AGA and SGA children with CU. Exosomal miRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwal Rim Jeong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jae-A Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Heeji Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Young Suk Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Min Jae Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Jong Seo Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medio-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.-A.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Il Tae Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (H.J.L.); (M.J.K.); (J.S.Y.)
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Saito Y, Kobayashi S, Ikeda‐Araki A, Ito S, Miyashita C, Kimura T, Hirata T, Tamakoshi A, Mayama M, Noshiro K, Nakagawa K, Umazume T, Chiba K, Kawaguchi S, Morikawa M, Cho K, Watari H, Ito Y, Saijo Y, Kishi R. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:889-899. [PMID: 34845867 PMCID: PMC9077720 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We investigated the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and perinatal outcomes stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and/or gestational weight gain (GWG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the national birth cohort in the Japan Environment and Children's Study from 2011 to 2014 (n = 85,228) were used. Japan uses the GDM guidelines of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups. The odds ratios (ORs) of perinatal outcomes were compared between women with and those without GDM. RESULTS The OR (95% confidence interval) of having a small for gestational age infant in the GDM group with a pre-pregnancy BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 and insufficient GWG (<2.75 kg) was 1.78 (1.02-3.12). The OR of having a large for gestational age infant of the same BMI group with excessive GWG (>7.25 kg) was 2.04 (1.56-2.67). The OR of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was higher in women with a BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2 in the GDM group than in the non-GDM group. CONCLUSIONS Large for gestational age and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG in either normal weight or overweight/obese women, and the relationship was strengthened when GDM was present. Women with GDM and a BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 are at risk of having small for gestational age and large for gestational age infants depending on GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Atsuko Ikeda‐Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- Faculty of Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public HealthHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Michinori Mayama
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kiwamu Noshiro
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kinuko Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Takeshi Umazume
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kentaro Chiba
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Satoshi Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Mamoru Morikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Center for Perinatal MedicineHokkaido University HospitalSapporoJapan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of NursingJapanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of NursingKitamiJapan
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Department of Social MedicineAsahikawa Medical UniversityAsahikawaJapan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
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24
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Liu YJ, Xie Y, Tian YK, Liu H, He CD, An SL, Chen W, Zhou YZ, Zhong XN. Associations Between Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Concentrations in Human Placenta and Small for Gestational Age in Southwest China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:812268. [PMID: 35211445 PMCID: PMC8863045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.812268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposures to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) may affect fetal growth. Small for gestational age (SGA) is a measure based on birth weight and gestational age at birth and represents a good indicator of fetal growth but it has been used only in a small number of studies. The present study aimed to examine the associations between PBDEs exposure and the risk of SGA among participants from a birth cohort in Southwest China. METHODS The concentrations of eight common PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209) in 996 human placental samples collected between May to October 2020 were determined. A questionnaire survey was administered regarding maternal characteristics. The outcome data of the newborns were obtained from the medical record. The Mann-Whitney U test and binomial logistic regression analysis were used to assess associations between PBDEs concentrations (as a continuous or categorical variable) and SGA. RESULTS All PBDE congeners were detected in more than 73% of samples. The median concentrations of ΣPBDEs were 10.08 ng/g lipid weight (lw). BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, contributed 28% to ΣPBDEs. There were 114 (11.4%) SGA infants. The levels of BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-209, and the total levels of ΣPBDEs in the SGA group were significantly higher than those in the controls. When classifying the PBDEs concentrations as two categories: low and high, high level of ΣPBDEs was associated with increased risk of SGA [odds ratio (OR): 2.203, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.453-3.340] after adjusting for potential covariates. The association remained significant when stratifying the data by gender of the newborn (OR: 2.572, 95% CI: 1.337-4.947 for boys; OR: 2.385, 95% CI: 1.315-4.325 for girls). CONCLUSION The present study adds to the literature by using placenta to measure PBDEs exposure during pregnancy, and provides evidence that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may be associated with the risk of SGA, at least at the levels of exposure in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Xie
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying-Kuan Tian
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cai-Die He
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Song-Lin An
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Zhou
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Ni Zhong
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Costet N, Lafontaine A, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Kadhel P, Multigner L, Cordier S. Prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and adiposity of seven-year-old children in the Timoun mother-child cohort study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Environ Health 2022; 21:42. [PMID: 35439992 PMCID: PMC9017008 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent environmental organic pollutants may contribute to the development of obesity among children. Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide with estrogenic properties that was used in the French West Indies (1973-1993) and is still present in the soil and the water and food consumed by the local population. We studied the association between prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and the adiposity of prepubertal children. METHODS Within the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), 575 children had a medical examination at seven years of age, including adiposity measurements. A Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to create a global adiposity score from four adiposity indicators: the BMI z-score, percentage of fat mass, sum of the tricipital and subscapular skinfold thickness, and waist-to-height ratio. Chlordecone concentrations were measured in cord blood at birth and in the children's blood at seven years of age. Models were adjusted for prenatal and postnatal covariates. Sensitivity analyses accounted for co-exposure to PCB-153 and pp'-DDE. Mediation analyses, including intermediate birth outcomes, were conducted. RESULTS Prenatal chlordecone exposure tended to be associated with increased adiposity at seven years of age, particularly in boys. However, statistical significance was only reached in the third quartile of exposure and neither linear nor non-linear trends could be formally identified. Consideration of preterm birth or birth weight in mediation analyses did not modify the results, as adjustment for PCB-153 and pp'-DDE co-exposures. CONCLUSION Globally, we found little evidence of an association between chlordecone exposure during the critical in utero or childhood periods of development and altered body-weight homeostasis in childhood. Nevertheless, some associations we observed at seven years of age, although non-significant, were consistent with those observed at earlier ages and would be worth investing during further follow-ups of children of the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study when they reach puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Lafontaine
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU de Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Léah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Animale Et d’Ecotoxicologie-Centre de Recherche Analytique Et Technologique), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Athalye-Jape G, Lim M, Nathan E, Sharp M. Outcomes in extremely low birth weight (≤500 g) preterm infants: A Western Australian experience. Early Hum Dev 2022; 167:105553. [PMID: 35217355 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Extremely preterm (EP) infant survival has significantly improved with advanced neonatal care; however outcomes of infants born with birth weight (BW) ≤500 g remain poor. We aimed to review outcomes of this cohort in our institution. METHODS Retrospective study of all inborn preterm infants born at ≥22 weeks gestational age (GA) and weighing ≤500 g between January 2001-December 2017. Outcomes included short-term morbidity, mortality, neurodevelopmental impairment and growth up to five years of age. RESULTS Of a total 438 eligible infants, 92 livebirths were admitted to intensive care [median (range) GA: 24 (22-30) weeks; median (IQR) BW: 427.5 (380-499) grams]. Majority [78/92 (84.7%)] were small for gestational age (SGA). In 50% of non-survivors, median (IQR) age of death was 3.5 (1-17.5) days with no late deaths. Medical morbidities were common. Follow-up, including standardised cognitive assessments, was available for 41/46 (89%) infants. At a median age of 5.06 years, 17/41 (41.5%) had moderate-severe disability; non-statistically higher in SGA compared to appropriate for gestational age/AGA (48.6% vs. 33.3%) group. Cerebral palsy (4/41; 10%), deafness needing amplification (1/41; 2.4%) were noted. Weight (32/41, 78%) and height (27/41, 66%) of most children remained at >2 SD below normal. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of preterm infants weighing ≤500 g at birth, 50% survived after admission to intensive care. Medical morbidities were common and 54% were free from moderate to severe disability at five years. SGA infants had higher rates (48.6%) of moderate to severe disability. Ongoing suboptimal growth in childhood is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Athalye-Jape
- Neonatal Follow-up Program, King Edward Memorial Hospital, United States of America; Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Neonatal and Life Course Health Program Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Mei'En Lim
- Neonatal Follow-up Program, King Edward Memorial Hospital, United States of America; Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. mei'
| | - Elizabeth Nathan
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Mary Sharp
- Neonatal Follow-up Program, King Edward Memorial Hospital, United States of America; Centre for Neonatal Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Neonatal and Life Course Health Program Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ordóñez-Díaz MD, Gil-Campos M, Flores-Rojas K, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Mesa MD, de la Torre-Aguilar MJ, Gil Á, Pérez-Navero JL. Impaired Antioxidant Defence Status Is Associated With Metabolic-Inflammatory Risk Factors in Preterm Children With Extrauterine Growth Restriction: The BIORICA Cohort Study. Front Nutr 2022; 8:793862. [PMID: 34993223 PMCID: PMC8724254 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.793862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: An impaired antioxidant status has been described during foetal growth restriction (FGR). Similarly, the antioxidant defence system can be compromised in preterm children with extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the antioxidant status in prepubertal children with a history of prematurity without FGR, with and without EUGR, compared to a healthy group. Methods: In total, 211 children were recruited and classified into three groups: 38 with a history of prematurity and EUGR; 50 with a history of prematurity and adequate extrauterine growth (AEUG); and 123 control children born at term. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were assessed in lysed erythrocytes with spectrophotometric methods. Plasma levels of the antioxidants α-tocopherol, retinol and β-carotene were determined through solvent extraction and ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Results: Children with the antecedent of EUGR and prematurity had lower CAT activity than the other two groups and lower GPx activity than the control children. Lower SOD, GPx and GR activities were observed in the AEUG group compared to the controls. However, higher concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were found in the EUGR group compared to the other groups; retinol levels were also higher in EUGR than in AEUG children. In EUGR and AEUG children, enzymatic antioxidant activities and plasma antioxidants were associated with metabolic syndrome components and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions: This study reveals, for the first time, that the EUGR condition and prematurity appear to be linked to an impairment of the antioxidant defence status, which might condition an increased risk of adverse metabolic outcomes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Ordóñez-Díaz
- Unit of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center-Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katherine Flores-Rojas
- Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center-Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Granada Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - María José de la Torre-Aguilar
- Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil
- Biomedical Research Center-Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Granada Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Navero
- Unit of Metabolism and Paediatric Research, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center-Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Bizerea-Moga TO, Pitulice L, Pantea CL, Olah O, Marginean O, Moga TV. Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14010204. [PMID: 35011079 PMCID: PMC8746946 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Small and large birth weights (BWs) for gestational age (GA) represent extremes, but the correlation between extreme BW and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined this correlation in obese children based on changes in their metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence. A retrospective observational study was performed on 535 obese patients aged 0–18 years in the Clinical and Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu” in Timisoara, Romania, based on clinical and biological data from January 2015 to December 2019. We emphasized the links between extreme BW and obesity, extreme BW and cardiometabolic risk, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and extreme BW, obesity and MetS. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) predominated over those born small for gestational age (SGA). Our findings showed that BW has an independent effect on triglycerides and insulin resistance, whereas obesity had a direct influence on hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. The influences of BW and obesity on the development of MetS and its components are difficult to separate; therefore, large prospective studies in normal-weight patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teofana Otilia Bizerea-Moga
- Department XI of Pediatrics—1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (T.O.B.-M.); (O.M.)
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Laura Pitulice
- Department of Biology-Chemistry, West University of Timişoara, Pestallozi 16, 300115 Timişoara, Romania
- Laboratory of Advanced Researches in Environmental Protection, Oituz 4, 300086 Timişoara, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-744-517-275
| | - Cristina Loredana Pantea
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Orsolya Olah
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
- Department VIII of Neuroscience—Psychology Discipline, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Marginean
- Department XI of Pediatrics—1st Pediatric Discipline, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania; (T.O.B.-M.); (O.M.)
- 1st Pediatric Clinic, ‘Louis Țurcanu’ Children’s Clinical and Emergency Hospital, Iosif Nemoianu 2, 300011 Timișoara, Romania; (C.L.P.); (O.O.)
| | - Tudor Voicu Moga
- Department VII of Internal Medicine—Gastroenterology Discipline, Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, ‘Victor Babeș’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq no. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania;
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, ‘Pius Brînzeu’ County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Liviu Rebreanu 156, 300723 Timișoara, Romania
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Li P, Lu Y, Qie D, Feng L, He G, Yang S, Yang F. Early-life weight gain patterns of term small-for-gestational-age infants and the predictive ability for later childhood overweight/obesity: A prospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1030216. [PMID: 36482989 PMCID: PMC9723138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the weight gain patterns of small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants in early life and to explore the predictive value for later overweight/obesity in childhood. METHODS We obtained data from a prospective cohort including term SGA infants born between January 2006 and November 2015 who received regular health care from birth to 5 years in West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China. A latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was applied to group children with similar growth trajectory patterns. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association between weight gain patterns and later overweight/obesity. RESULTS A total of 296 term SGA infants were finally included. Five weight gain trajectories were identified, including excessive rapid catch-up growth (ERCG) (class 1, 10.9%), rapid catch-up growth (RCG) (class 2, 17.9%), appropriate catch-up growth (ACG) (class 3, 53.0%), slow catch-up growth (SCG) (class 4, 13.4%) and almost no catch growth (NCG) (class 5, 4.8%). SGA infants in class 1 and class 2 had a higher BMI according to age- and sex-specific Z scores from 2-5 years of age. In addition, 25% of SGA infants in class 1 and 13.2% of SGA infants in class 2 were found to be overweight/obese at 2-5 years of age. After adjusting for confounders, we found that extremely rapid weight gain (class 1) in the first 2 years of life increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 2.1 times at 2 to 5 years of age (aOR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.3~4.8; P<0.05). Furthermore, the increment of ΔWAZ between 0 and 4 mo was prominently related to the risk of overweight/obesity at 2 to 5 years for term SGA infants (aOR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.7~8.1; P<0.001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the area under curve (AUC) was 0.7, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) from 0.6 to 0.8 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The extremely rapid weight gain pattern of term SGA infants in the first 2 years of life increased the risk of overweight/obesity at 2 to 5 years of age. It suggests monitoring weight gain across the infant period represents a first step towards primary prevention of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Qie
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqian He
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Sufei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fan Yang,
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Kochhar P, Dwarkanath P, Ravikumar G, Thomas A, Crasta J, Thomas T, Kurpad AV, Mukhopadhyay A. Placental expression of miR-517-5p and miR-518f-5p: Fetal sex-specific relations with human fetoplacental growth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 269:118-125. [PMID: 34992034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess association of chromosome 19 miRNA cluster microRNAs (miR-517-5p and miR-518f-5p) expression with maternal, placental and newborn parameters and with their potential angiogenesis-associated target genes ENG, VEGF and FLT in a set of 68 small- (SGA, n = 30) and appropriate- (AGA, n = 38) for gestational age full-term singleton pregnancies, in relation to fetal sex. STUDY DESIGN In this retrospective case-control study, placental transcript abundances of miR-517-5p and miR-518f-5p were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR after normalization to reference miRNA, mir-16-5p. Placental transcript abundances of VEGF, FLT and ENG were assessed after normalizing to a set of reference genes. RESULTS Placental miR-517-5p transcript abundance was negatively associated with birth weight [β = -88.778, P = 0.006, 95% confidence interval (CI): -151.645, -25.911] and placental weight (β = -14.683, P = 0.007, 95% CI: -25.254, -4.112) and this association with birth weight was specific to the AGA births (β = -59.207, P = 0.037, 95% CI: -114.522, -3.891). miR-518f-5p transcript abundance was negatively associated with placental weight (β = -6.250, P = 0.034, 95% CI: -11.940, -0.559) specifically in the AGA male births (n = 16). Placental VEGF transcript abundance was negatively associated with that of miR-517-5p specifically in SGA female births (n = 14; Spearman's ρ = -0.705, P = 0.005) and with miR-518f-5p transcript abundance specifically in SGA births (Spearman's ρ = -0.437, P = 0.016) and in SGA male births (n = 16; Spearman's ρ = -0.516, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION We conclude that placental miR-517-5p could be playing a key role in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction, which can be potentially targeted through maternal lifestyle modifications for improving fetoplacental growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Kochhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - Pratibha Dwarkanath
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - Gayatri Ravikumar
- Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Annamma Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Julian Crasta
- Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpita Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A Recognized Research Centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.
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Cord Blood Metabolome and BMI Trajectory from Birth to Adolescence: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study on Early Life Biomarkers of Persistent Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110739. [PMID: 34822398 PMCID: PMC8625562 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition on the role of early life metabolic programming in childhood obesity. This study sought to investigate whether newborn cord blood metabolome can predict future BMI. It included 946 children in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of high-risk yet understudied US urban, low-income, predominantly Black and Hispanic children, who were enrolled at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. A total of 376 metabolites were measured in cord blood plasma. Longitudinal BMI trajectories were defined and categorized into three distinct patterns: early onset overweight and obesity (early-OWO), late onset OWO (late-OWO), and normal weight trajectory (NW). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify metabolites individually or as network modules associated with BMI trajectories. Of the 946 children, 388, 254, and 304 were classified as early-OWO, late-OWO, and NW, respectively. Of the seven co-metabolomic network modules defined, two were inversely correlated with early-OWO. Among the 68 metabolites within the two modules, 22 triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols were negatively associated with early-OWO; 5 cholesterol esters were positively associated with early-OWO. In this prospective birth cohort, we demonstrated distinctive longitudinal BMI trajectories and identified multiple cord plasma metabolites in relevant biological pathways that were associated with early-OWO.
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Kochhar P, Dwarkanath P, Ravikumar G, Thomas A, Crasta J, Thomas T, Kurpad AV, Mukhopadhyay A. Placental expression of miR-21-5p, miR-210-3p and miR-141-3p: relation to human fetoplacental growth. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:730-738. [PMID: 34611295 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes in placental tissue is associated with foetal growth restriction. We aimed to evaluate associations of placental miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-210-3p expression with maternal, placental and newborn parameters and with placental expression of their potential target genes PTEN, VEGF, FLT and ENG in a set of well-characterized small- (SGA) and appropriate- (AGA) for gestational age full-term singleton pregnancies. SUBJECTS/METHODS Placental samples (n = 80) from 26 SGA and 54 AGA were collected from full-term singleton pregnancies. Placental transcript abundances of miR-21-5p, miR-141-3p and miR-210-3p were assessed after normalization to a reference miRNA, mir-16-5p by real-time quantitative PCR. Placental transcript abundances of PTEN, VEGF, FLT and ENG were assessed after normalizing to a panel of reference genes. RESULTS Placental miR-21-5p transcript abundance was negatively associated with placental weight (n = 80, r = -0.222, P = 0.047) and this association was specific to the AGA births (n = 54, r = -0.292, P = 0.032). Placental transcript abundances of miR-210-3p and miR-141-3p were not associated with placental weight or birth weight in all 80 births. However, placental miR-210-3p transcript abundance was positively associated with birth weight specifically in the SGA births (n = 26, r = 0.449, P = 0.021). Placental transcript abundance of miR-21-5p was negatively associated with PTEN transcript abundance (Spearman's ρ = -0.245, P = 0.028) while that of miR-141-3p was positively associated with FLT (Spearman's ρ = 0.261, P = 0.019) and ENG (Spearman's ρ = 0.259, P = 0.020) transcript abundances in all 80 births. CONCLUSION We conclude that placental miR-21-5p and miR-210-3p may be involved in fetoplacental growth. However, this regulation is unlikely to be mediated through placental expression of PTEN, VEGF, FLT or ENG.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochhar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A recognized research centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - P Dwarkanath
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A recognized research centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - G Ravikumar
- Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - A Thomas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - J Crasta
- Department of Pathology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - T Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India
| | - A V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A recognized research centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India
| | - A Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, A recognized research centre of University of Mysore, Bangalore, India.
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Han JY, Chung S. Evaluation of Agreement of Overweight Screening Criteria in Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:289-295. [PMID: 34462396 PMCID: PMC8526295 DOI: 10.7570/jomes21008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing prevalence of overweight children and childhood obesity has led to early development of obesity-related diseases, including diabetes. Screening tests for type 2 diabetes in children indicate overweight as a major risk factor. Three overweight screening criteria have been considered: body mass index (BMI) >85th percentile (overweight 1, OW1), weight for height >85th percentile (OW2), and weight >120% of ideal for height (OW3). This study was conducted to evaluate the agreement in these screening criteria and the impact of increased use of screening methods. Methods Data were obtained from 965 Korean adolescents (521 boys and 444 girls). The subjects were classified into overweight and normal weight groups by the three above criteria. The agreement between criteria was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa value. Furthermore, we studied the relationships between the criteria and parameters of height, weight, BMI, and z score, based on the 2007 Korean growth chart. Results Totals of 188, 139, and 115 adolescents were classified as OW1, OW2, and OW3, respectively. The kappa values were 0.798, 0.710, and 0.891 for OW1 and OW2, OW1 and OW3, and OW2 and OW3, respectively. Weight, weight-z, BMI, and BMI-z were greater among subjects in all overweight groups compared to the normal weight group. However, the heights of the subjects did not differ between the three groups. Conclusion Active assessment of overweight status using OW1 could be improved by including more adolescents and focusing on the variability of individual growth and disease risk, even though substantial agreement was observed among the three overweight screening criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sochung Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Salmi IA, Hannawi S. Birth Weight Predicts Anthropometric and Body Composition Assessment Results in Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:279-288. [PMID: 34446614 PMCID: PMC8526299 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A poor intrauterine environment is associated with increased risks of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and/or diabetes. This study evaluated relationships between birth weight and body habitus in a representative sample of the general population. METHODS Adult participants were asked to complete a birth weight questionnaire. Associations between various current anthropometric and body composition measurements and birth weight were investigated. RESULTS Of 7,157 respondents, 4,502 reported their birth weight, which ranged from 0.4 to 7.0 kg with a mean and standard deviation of 3.37±0.7 kg; of these, 384 had low birth weights (LBWs; <2.5 kg). In females, lower birth weights were associated with lower height, weight, lean body mass (LBM), total body water (TBW), fat mass (FM), fat%, and fat-free mass (FFM) than those of higher older birth weights (quintiles); however, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) were similar across quintiles. In males, LBW was similarly associated with lower height, weight, LBM, TBW, FM, fat%, and FFM, and also with lower WC and HC. The obesity markers such as WC, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) were 47%, 61%, and 45% greater, respectively, in LBW females compared to normal birth weight females, while these associations showed non-significant trend in males with LBW. CONCLUSION In adult male and female respondents, LBW was associated with lower body habitus: central obesity and body fatness (BMI, FM, fat%, FFM, FM/FFM, and FM/FFM2) were more pronounced in females than males, even after taking into account current physical activity and socioeconomic status. These findings indicate LBW may contribute to high blood pressure, dysglycemia and metabolic-abnormalities in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Al Salmi
- Medicine Department, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- Medicine Department, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman
- Corresponding author Issa Al Salmi, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-5972, Medicine Department, The Royal Hospital, 23 July St., P.O. Box 1331,, code 111, Muscat, Oman, Tel: +968-927-09000, Fax: +968-245-99966, E-mail:
| | - Suad Hannawi
- Medicine Department, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, UAE
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35
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The Effect of Growth Rate during Infancy on the Risk of Developing Obesity in Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103449. [PMID: 34684450 PMCID: PMC8537274 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity has been trending upwards over the last few decades. Recent evidence suggests that infant growth rate has the potential to increase the risk of obesity development during childhood. This systematic literature review aimed to summarise the existing evidence on the relationship between infant growth rate and subsequent childhood obesity. Studies were sought for that assessed the effect of infant growth rate on outcomes of overweight, obesity, BMI, waist circumference or body composition measures among a population group of children aged 2 to 12 years old. Data sources included PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and MedLine. Twenty-four studies were identified as eligible and included in this review, out of 2302 publications. The ADA Quality Checklist was used to assess the quality of individual studies. Ten studies received a positive result and 14 studies a neutral result. A narrative synthesis was completed to present study characteristics and results. Several independent positive associations were determined between rapid growth at different stages during infancy and overweight, obesity, BMI, waist circumference and body composition in childhood. Further investigation is required to determine if a specific period of infancy carries greater associations of risk with childhood outcomes. Determining an ideal rate of infants' growth as a means to minimise the future risk of childhood obesity should be the focus of future research that will also inform early life obesity prevention strategies. Registration no.: CRD42021244029.
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36
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Parental Feeding Practices and Child-Related Factors are Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3655-3667. [PMID: 34453670 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Atypical eating behaviors displayed by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) predispose them to unhealthy weight gain. We determined the factors associated with body weight status among 261 children with ASD (3-18 years) at nine autism intervention centers. Their mothers completed a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic background, parenting style, parental feeding practices, parenting stress, sleep habits, eating behaviors, and autism severity. Children with older age, non-full term gestational age, high maternal perceived weight, high maternal concern about child weight, and low pressure to eat were more likely to be overweight and obese. Obesity is a major concern among children with ASD. Healthy weight management programs for parents should incorporate appropriate feeding practices and a healthy perception of body weight.
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Yiu JHC, Cheung SWM, Cai J, Chan KS, Chen J, Cheong LY, Chau HT, Xu A, Li RHW, Woo CW. TLR5 Supports Development of Placental Labyrinthine Zone in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:711253. [PMID: 34395439 PMCID: PMC8356041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.711253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll plays an important role in innate immunity and embryonic development in lower-ranked animals, but in mammals, the homolog toll-like receptors (TLR) are reported to facilitate postnatal development of immunity only. Here, we discovered a role of TLR5 in placental development. Tlr5 was highly transcribed during the placenta-forming and functional phases. TLR5 deletion led to a smaller placental labyrinthine zone and lower embryo weight, and the smaller size of embryo was overcorrected, resulting in a higher postnatal body weight. Examination of TLR5-deficient conceptus revealed a decrease in nuclear cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and insulin growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) abundances in the placenta-forming phase. Non-flagellin-based TLR5 ligands were detected in serum of female mice and the overexpression of TLR5 alone was sufficient to induce CREB nuclear translocation and mTOR transcriptional activation in trophoblasts. Taken together, we uncovered the participation of TLR5 in the early placental formation in mice, unveiling a role of TLR in embryonic development in higher-ranked animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen H C Yiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samson W M Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jieling Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Suen Chan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lai Yee Cheong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hau-Tak Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond H W Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Connie W Woo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Hong YH, Lee JE. Large for Gestational Age and Obesity-Related Comorbidities. J Obes Metab Syndr 2021; 30:124-131. [PMID: 34053939 PMCID: PMC8277589 DOI: 10.7570/jomes20130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Both small for gestational age and large for gestational age (LGA) size at birth are associated with metabolic complications throughout life. The long-term consequences of LGA have been investigated in only a few studies. LGA is thought to be associated with early obesity and metabolic risk. Understanding how LGA can influence later obesity risk is important for pediatric obesity interventions. Pregnant women who are overweight or obese are at high risk of having LGA babies. Infants born LGA are at increased risk of becoming overweight or obese children, adolescents, and young adults and can have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome later in life and giving birth to LGA offspring. Education and intervention for weight control before and during pregnancy should be conducted to prevent LGA births. Particular attention is needed for women of childbearing age who are diabetic and obese, which could be the starting point for lifelong management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hee Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University Hospital, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Maguolo A, Olivieri F, Zusi C, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Morandi A, Maffeis C. The risk of metabolic derangements is higher in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity born small for gestational age. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1903-1910. [PMID: 33941428 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Birth weight (BW) has been associated with the risk of obesity and metabolic derangements in children and adults. The aims of this study were: i. to evaluate the distribution of BW in a sample of overweight and obese children and adolescents compared with the general reference population; ii. to explore the relationship between the BW and insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic derangements in a population of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS 710 overweight and obese children and adolescents were recruited and categorized into small (SGA), appropriate (AGA), and large (LGA) for gestational age, according to the BW percentile. Arterial blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose metabolism and hepatic steatosis were evaluated to assess cardiometabolic obesity-related derangements. The distribution of BW categories in our population was significantly different compared with the general population (SGA 6.9% vs. 8.6%, AGA 74.6% vs. 81.4%, LGA 18.5% vs. 10%; p < 0.0001). We found a higher frequency of prediabetes conditions (21.7% vs 8.9%, OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.38-6.38, p = 0.005) and borderline/high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (31.8% vs 18.6%, OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.09-4.18, p = 0.033) in overweight and obese children born SGA compared to those born non-SGA, independently of age, sex, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS BW is a risk factor of cardiometabolic derangements in a population of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Therefore, adequate obesity prevention strategies should be planned for children born SGA to minimize their risk to become obese and to reduce their short- and long-term cardiometabolic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maguolo
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Olivieri
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Zusi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of the Woman, Child, General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Morandi
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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40
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Lindell N, Bladh M, Carlsson A, Josefsson A, Aakesson K, Samuelsson U. Size for gestational age affects the risk for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a Swedish national case-control study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1113-1120. [PMID: 33544169 PMCID: PMC8012313 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Environmental factors are believed to contribute to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate how size for gestational age affects the risk of developing childhood type 1 diabetes. METHODS Using the Swedish paediatric diabetes quality register and the Swedish medical birth register, children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 (n = 9376) were matched with four control children (n = 37,504). Small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) were defined according to Swedish national standards. Data were initially analysed using Pearson's χ2 and thereafter by single and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS An equal proportion of children were born appropriate for gestational age, but children with type 1 diabetes were more often born LGA and less often born SGA than control children (4.7% vs 3.5% and 2.0% vs 2.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, being born LGA increased (adjusted OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.02, 1.32]) and SGA decreased (adjusted OR 0.76 [95% CI 0.63, 0.92]) the risk for type 1 diabetes, regardless of maternal BMI and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Size for gestational age of Swedish children affects the risk of type 1 diabetes, with increased risk if the child is born LGA and decreased risk if the child is born SGA. Being born LGA is an independent risk factor for type 1 diabetes irrespective of maternal BMI and diabetes. Thus, reducing the risk for a child being born LGA might to some extent reduce the risk for type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Lindell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Marie Bladh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annelie Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Josefsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Aakesson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ulf Samuelsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Flores-Barrantes P, Iglesia I, Miguel-Berges ML, Vučinić V, Moreno LA, Rodríguez G. Rapid infant weight gain is associated with excess adiposity at 7-years of age in children from Aragon, Spain. CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OBESITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/2574254x.2020.1865122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Flores-Barrantes
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - I. Iglesia
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Retics ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. L. Miguel-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - V. Vučinić
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - L. A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (Ciberobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - G. Rodríguez
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Retics ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Wowdzia JB, McHugh TL, Thornton J, Sivak A, Mottola MF, Davenport MH. Elite Athletes and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:534-542. [PMID: 32925496 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate fetal and maternal pregnancy outcomes of elite athletes who had participated in competitive sport immediately before conception. METHODS Online databases were searched up to March 24, 2020. Studies of any design and language were eligible if they contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women), exposure (engaged in elite sport immediately before pregnancy), and outcomes (birth weight, low birth weight, macrosomia, preterm birth, fetal heart rate and pulse index, cesarean sections, instrumental deliveries, episiotomies, duration of labor, perineal tears, pregnancy-induced low back pain, pelvic girdle pain, urinary incontinence, miscarriages, prenatal weight gain, inadequate/excess prenatal weight gain, maternal depression or anxiety). RESULTS Eleven unique studies (n = 2256 women) were included. We identified "low" certainty evidence demonstrating lower rates of low back pain in elite athletes compared with active/sedentary controls (n = 248; odds ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.73; I2 = 0%) and "very low" certainty evidence indicating an increased odds of excessive prenatal weight gain in elite athletes versus active/sedentary controls (n = 1763; odds ratio, 2.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-4.85; I2 = 0%). Low certainty evidence from two studies (n = 7) indicated three episodes of fetal bradycardia after high-intensity exercise that resolved within 10 min of cessation of activity. No studies reported inadequate gestational weight gain or maternal depression or anxiety. There were no differences between elite athletes and controls for all other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is "low" certainty of evidence that elite athletes have reduced odds of experiencing pregnancy-related low back pain and "very low"certainty of evidence that elite athletes have increased the odds of excessive weight gain compared with active/sedentary controls. More research is needed to provide strong evidence of how elite competitive sport before pregnancy affects maternal and fetal outcomes.PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020167382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna B Wowdzia
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CANADA
| | - Tara-Leigh McHugh
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CANADA
| | | | - Allison Sivak
- University of Alberta Libraries, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CANADA
| | | | - Margie H Davenport
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CANADA
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Maternal Melatonin Deficiency Leads to Endocrine Pathologies in Children in Early Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042058. [PMID: 33669686 PMCID: PMC7922827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review summarizes the results of experimental and clinical studies aimed at elucidating the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of endocrine pathology in children. The modern data on the role of epigenetic influences in the early ontogenesis of unfavorable factors that violate the patterns of the formation of regulatory mechanisms during periods of critical development of fetal organs and systems and contribute to the delayed development of pathological conditions are considered. The mechanisms of the participation of melatonin in the regulation of metabolic processes and the key role of maternal melatonin in the formation of the circadian system of regulation in the fetus and in the protection of the genetic program of its morphofunctional development during pregnancy complications are presented. Melatonin, by controlling DNA methylation and histone modification, prevents changes in gene expression that are directly related to the programming of endocrine pathology in offspring. Deficiency and absence of the circadian rhythm of maternal melatonin underlies violations of the genetic program for the development of hormonal and metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the functional systems of the child, which determines the programming and implementation of endocrine pathology in early ontogenesis, contributing to its development in later life. The significance of this factor in the pathophysiological mechanisms of endocrine disorders determines a new approach to risk assessment and timely prevention of offspring diseases even at the stage of family planning.
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Cissé AH, Lioret S, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Forhan A, Ong KK, Charles MA, Heude B. Association between perinatal factors, genetic susceptibility to obesity and age at adiposity rebound in children of the EDEN mother-child cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1802-1810. [PMID: 33986455 PMCID: PMC8310796 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early adiposity rebound (AR) has been associated with increased risk of overweight or obesity in adulthood. However, little is known about early predictors of age at AR. We aimed to study the role of perinatal factors and genetic susceptibility to obesity in the kinetics of AR. METHODS Body mass index (BMI) curves were modelled by using mixed-effects cubic models, and age at AR was estimated for 1415 children of the EDEN mother-child cohort study. A combined obesity risk-allele score was calculated from genotypes for 27 variants identified by genome-wide association studies of adult BMI. Perinatal factors of interest were maternal age at delivery, parental education, parental BMI, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and newborn characteristics (sex, prematurity, and birth weight). We used a hierarchical level approach with multivariable linear regression model to investigate the association between these factors, obesity risk-allele score, and age at AR. RESULTS A higher genetic susceptibility to obesity score was associated with an earlier age at AR. At the most distal level of the hierarchical model, maternal and paternal educational levels were positively associated with age at AR. Children born to parents with higher BMI were more likely to exhibit earlier age at AR. In addition, higher gestational weight gain was related to earlier age at AR. For children born small for gestational age, the average age at AR was 88 [±39] days lower than for children born appropriate for gestational age and 91 [±56] days lower than for children born large for gestational age. CONCLUSION The timing of AR seems to be an early childhood manifestation of the genetic susceptibility to adult obesity. We further identified low birth weight and gestational weight gain as novel predictors of early AR, highlighting the role of the intrauterine environment in the kinetics of adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, F-75004, Paris, France
| | | | - Anne Forhan
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, F-75004, Paris, France
| | - Ken K. Ong
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit and Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Barbara Heude
- Université de Paris, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, F-75004, Paris, France
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Walczak M, Szalecki M, Horneff G, Lebl J, Kalina-Faska B, Giemza T, Moldovanu F, Nanu M, Zouater H. Long-term follow up of carbohydrate metabolism and adverse events after termination of Omnitrope® treatment in children born small for gestational age. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211013121. [PMID: 34104396 PMCID: PMC8111548 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy can affect carbohydrate metabolism and lead to impaired glucose tolerance during treatment. In addition, short children born small for gestational age (SGA) are predisposed to metabolic abnormalities. This study assessed the long-term safety of rhGH (Omnitrope®) use in short children born SGA. METHODS This was a follow-up observational study of patients from a phase IV study. The baseline visit was the final visit of the phase IV study. Further visits were planned after 6 months (F1), 1 year (F2), 5 years (F3), and 10 years (F4). The primary objective was to evaluate the long-term effect of rhGH treatment on the development of diabetes mellitus; secondary objectives included incidence/severity of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS In total, 130 subjects were enrolled in the follow-up study; 99 completed F1, 88 completed F2, and 13 completed F3 (no subject reached F4). The full analysis set for evaluation comprised 118 patients (64 female). Mean (standard deviation) duration of follow up was 39.6 (24.4) months. No subject was newly diagnosed with diabetes. The results for carbohydrate metabolism parameters were consistent with this finding. A total of 144 AEs were reported in 54 subjects; these were mostly of mild-to-moderate intensity (96.5%) and not suspected to be related to previous rhGH treatment (94.4%). Serious AEs (n = 18) were reported in eight patients; three (in one patient) were suspected as possibly related to previous rhGH treatment (anemia, menorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea). One fatal event occurred (sepsis), which was judged as not related to previous rhGH treatment. CONCLUSIONS None of the participating subjects, who had all been previously treated with Omnitrope® in a phase IV study, developed diabetes during this follow-up study. In addition, no other unexpected or concerning safety signals were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieczyslaw Walczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland
| | - Mieczyslaw Szalecki
- Collegium Medicum UJK, Kielce, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gerd Horneff
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Rheumatology, Asklepios Clinic Sankt Augustin, Sankt Augustin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescents Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Pediatrics, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Kalina-Faska
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, Faculty of Medical Science, Katowice, Slaskie, Poland
| | | | - Florentina Moldovanu
- National Institute for Mother and Child Health, ‘Alessandrescu Rusescu’, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Michaela Nanu
- National Institute for Mother and Child Health, ‘Alessandrescu Rusescu’, Bucharest, Romania
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An J, Wang J, Guo L, Xiao Y, Lu W, Li L, Chen L, Wang X, Dong Z. The Impact of Gut Microbiome on Metabolic Disorders During Catch-Up Growth in Small-for-Gestational-Age. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:630526. [PMID: 33746902 PMCID: PMC7970190 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.630526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Catch-up growth (CUG) in small for gestational age (SGA) leads to increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in adults. It remains unclear if microbiota could play an important role in CUG-SGA independent of genetic or nutritional factors. The present study explored the role of gut microbiota in, and its association with, metabolic disorders during CUG-SGA. METHODS An SGA rat model was established by restricting food intake during pregnancy, and the rats were divided into catch-up growth (CUG-SGA) and non-catch-up growth (NCUG-SGA) groups based on body weight and length at the fourth postnatal week. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA was conducted to detect the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Transcriptome sequencing of liver tissue was performed and verified using real-time PCR. Concentrations of insulin and total cholesterol were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The composition of gut microbiota in CUG-SGA rats differed from that of NCUG-SGA rats, with reduced abundance of Lactobacillus in the CUG-SGA group. The decrease in Lactobacillus was significantly associated with increased body weight and upregulated insulin and total cholesterol levels. Five SCFAs and two branched chain fatty acids were significantly higher in the CUG-SGA group than in the NCUG-SGA group. Additionally, SCFAs were positively associated with clinical indices such as weight, body mass index, insulin, and total cholesterol. Transcriptomic data revealed that insulin-like growth factor-2 expression was significantly decreased in CUG-SGA rats and was associated with a decrease in Lactobacillus bacteria. CONCLUSION Lactobacillus and SCFAs were associated with the metabolic disorders during CUG in SGA. Gut microbiome may play a certain role on metabolic disorders during catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing An
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Guo
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifen Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiya Dong, ; Xinqiong Wang,
| | - Zhiya Dong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiya Dong, ; Xinqiong Wang,
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Association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and later complications (especially asthma) and menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:236. [PMID: 33066784 PMCID: PMC7565354 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about the majority of the factors that may potentially influence the pubertal timing and menarche were controversial. The objective was to evaluate the association between factors related to the pregnancy, neonatal period, and the complications that may happen later in life and the menarcheal age in a sample of Lebanese girls admitted or not to the NICU at birth. Our secondary objective was to try to find, for the first time in literature, a correlation between respiratory distress at birth and the need of oxygen therapy with the age of the first menses in these girls. METHODS It is a cross-sectional retrospective study, conducted between January and March 2019. Our sample included all the 2474 girls born in Notre-Dame-de-Secours hospital, between 2000 and 2005; the sample consisted of 297 girls (97 girls admitted to the NICU and 200 randomly chosen to participate in our study with a ratio of 1:2 (1 girl admitted to the NICU vs 2 girls born in the nursery). RESULTS Asthma later in life was significantly associated with lower age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher mother's age at menarche and a higher gestational age were significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls. When taking each cause of NICU admission as an independent variable, showed that a higher mother's age at menarche was significantly associated with higher age at menarche in girls, whereas a higher number of days of phototherapy, a preeclampsia in the mother during pregnancy and asthma later in life in the girl were significantly associated with a lower age at menarche in girls. CONCLUSION The timing of menarche seems to be associated with many factors in Lebanese girls that should not be disregarded by physicians.
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Maguire S, O'Dwyer T, Mockler D, O'Shea F, Wilson F. Pregnancy in axial spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review & meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 50:1269-1279. [PMID: 33065422 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA) is an inflammatory arthritis which affects the sacroiliac joints and the spine. Many females affected are of childbearing age. Studies on effects of pregnancy on axSpA disease activity and medication use have been limited, with divergent conclusions. OBJECTIVE To review literature on axSpA in pregnancy to determine the effect of disease on pregnancy outcomes. METHODS A systematic review of case-control trials, observational studies, cross sectional studies and case series (n>5) on axSpA in pregnancy. EMBASE, Medline (OVID), CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care (MIDIRS online), and Web of Science were searched for keywords. Two reviewers reviewed articles to determine suitability for inclusion. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias. Data extraction was performed using a standardized template to streamline data to allow comparison and meta-analysis. RESULTS Search strategy returned 884 records, 130 full text articles were assessed for eligibility. Eighteen studies with a total of 3,166 axSpA participants were eligible for inclusion. There was an increased prevalence of pre-eclampsia (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.92-1.82) and IUGR (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.26-5.17) and a statistically significant increase in cesarean sections (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.46-2.30) in axSpA females, with an especially high prevalence of elective cesarean sections (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.74, 2.93). There was a trend towards increased prevalence of fetal complications in axSpA pregnancies (LBW OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.98-2.21; SGA OR1.66, 95% CI 0.93-2.95; congenital abnormalities OR 1.34, 95% CI0.63-1.24; NICU admissions OR 1.55, 95% CI 0.96-2.51) which did not reach significance. CONCLUSION AxSpA females have an increased prevalence of cesarean sections compared to the general population. There is a trend towards increased prevalence of pre-eclampsia, IUGR and certain fetal complications. Ongoing development of national registries could help to better understand axSpA in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead Maguire
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, James' Street, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Medical Library, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbar O'Shea
- Department of Rheumatology, St James' Hospital, James' Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Donor-conceived neonates have poorer birth outcomes, including low birth weight and preterm delivery that are associated with poorer long-term health in adulthood through the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory. The aim of this study was to conduct the first investigation of the adult health outcomes of donor-conceived people. An online health survey was completed by 272 donor sperm-conceived adults and 877 spontaneously conceived adults from around the world. Donor and spontaneously conceived groups were matched for age, sex, height, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, own fertility and maternal smoking. Donor sperm-conceived adults had significantly higher reports of being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (P = 0.031), thyroid disease (P = 0.031), acute bronchitis (P = 0.008), environmental allergies (P = 0.046), sleep apnoea (P = 0.037) and having ear tubes/grommets surgically implanted (P = 0.046). This is the first study to investigate the health outcomes of adult donor sperm-conceived people. Donor sperm-conceived adults self-reported elevated frequencies of various health conditions. The outcomes are consistent with birth defect data from donor sperm treatment and are consistent with the DOHaD linking perturbed early growth and chronic disease in adulthood.
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50
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Li W, Leng J, Wang S, Wang L, Wang S, Zhang T, Qiao Y, Mi J. Childhood Hyperlipidemia and its Association with Early Growth Among Full-Term-Born Children at 5 to 6 Years of Age in China. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1526-1535. [PMID: 32578331 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's aim was to assess the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and its association with birth weight and BMI at 2 years of age and 5 to 6 years of age in full-term-born children. METHODS A population-based, large-scale survey of hyperlipidemia was conducted. Information on 12,701 children aged 5 to 6 years was retrospectively collected from electronic health care records. RESULTS The rate of high total cholesterol (≥5.18 mmol/L) and/or high triglycerides (≥1.70 mmol/L) was 10.2%. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of high total cholesterol and/or triglycerides were 1.33 (1.04-1.69), 1.00, and 0.95 (0.81-1.11) based on birth weight groups (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age, and large for gestational age); 1.06 (0.77-1.45), 1.00, and 0.99 (0.88-1.11) based on BMI groups at around 2 years of age (<10th, 10th to <75th, and ≥75th percentiles); and 1.56 (1.08-2.25), 1.00, and 1.71 (1.44-2.03) based on BMI groups at 5 to 6 years of age (<-2 SD, -2 SD to <2 SD and ≥2 SD), respectively. In the SGA group, hyperlipidemia was not associated with BMI at 2 years of age but was significantly associated with having underweight or obesity at 5 to <6 years of age. CONCLUSIONS SGA infants are at an increased risk for childhood hyperlipidemia, and catch-up growth before the age of 2 years would not affect this risk. For SGA infants, having underweight or obesity after 2 years of age can increase the risk of childhood hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yijuan Qiao
- Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Mi
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Management, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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