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Luo S, Yang B, Xu H, Pan X, Chen X, Jue X, Liu S, Wan R, Tan Q, Yao Y, Chen X, Jiang J, Deng B, Li J. Lithospermic acid improves liver fibrosis through Piezo1-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155974. [PMID: 39217657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is becoming an increasingly serious public health issue worldwide. Although liver transplantation is the only and definitive treatment for end-stage liver fibrosis, traditional Chinese medicine offers certain benefits in the treatment of advanced hepatic fibrosis. PURPOSE This study aims to explore the protective effect of lithospermic acid (LA), an extraction from Salvia miltiorrhiza (the roots of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge, known as Danshen in Chinese), on liver fibrosis and investigate its potential mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) via intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks. LA was orally administered or colchicine (COL) was injected intraperitoneally for 3 weeks starting one week after the initial CCl4 injection. After the LA treatment, we observed a decrease in the fibrosis index and an improvement in liver function. Molecular docking results revealed that Piezo1 may be a potential pharmacological target of LA. The further experimental results showed that LA inhibited Piezo1 activation and expression in macrophages. Mechanistically, both Piezo1/Notch-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress regulated by the Piezo1/Ca2+ pathway were alleviated in fibrotic livers following LA treatment. Moreover, less oxidative stress and Notch activation were observed in the deficiency of macrophage Piezo1 (Piezo1ΔLysM) mice. In addition, Piezo1ΔLysM partially counteracted the pharmacological effects of LA on liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our present study corroborated LA limits the progression of liver fibrosis by regulating Piezo1-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. These results indicate that LA could be a potential medication for hepatic fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangfei Luo
- Innovation Research Center, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250307, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xianmei Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Silin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Rentao Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Qiaorui Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Youfen Yao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Xiaoting Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Bo Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Innovation Research Center, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250307, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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Liu J, Zheng Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Liu B, Zhang J, Yu X, Wei X, Li S, Wang J, Lv H. Targeting antioxidant factor Nrf2 by raffinose ameliorates lipid dysmetabolism-induced pyroptosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155756. [PMID: 38833791 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a persistent liver condition that affects both human health and animal productive efficiency on a global scale. A number of naturally occurring compounds activate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a transcription factor with important protective effects against many liver diseases, including NAFLD. Raffinose (Ra), an oligosaccharide extracted from several plants, exhibits diverse biological functions. However, the uncertainty lies in determining whether the activation of Nrf2 by Ra can provide a preventive effect on liver lipotoxicity. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to shed light on the molecular pathways by which Ra possesses its protective benefits against NAFLD. METHODS Experimental protocols were established using WT and Nrf2-null (Nrf2-/-) mice. Liver samples from each group were collected for Western blot, RT-qPCR, H & E, Sirius red and Oil red O staining. Additionally, serums were processed for ELISA. ALM12 cells were gathered for Western blot and immunofluorescence. Moreover, to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ra, molecular docking was performed. RESULTS Our results indicated that Ra remarkably alleviated liver lipotoxic in vivo and in vitro. Ra treatment effectively corrected hepatic steatosis, the release of AST, ALT, TG, and TC, as well as the depletion of HDL and LDL. Meanwhile, Ra efficiently prevented inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis. Additionally, these findings implied that Ra reduced the production of fibrosis-related proteins, which enhanced collagen deposition. Molecular docking revealed that Ra possessed the ability to bind specific regions of Nrf2, resulting in the enhancement of Nrf2 activation and nuclear translocation. Ra treatment restored serum redox factors and antioxidant enzymes to normal levels; however, these alterations were clearly reversed in Nrf2-/- mice. CONCLUSION This study reveals novel information on Ra's protective benefits against liver injury caused by abnormal lipid metabolism; these effects are mostly mediated by Nrf2 activation, suggesting a potential new medicine or treatment strategy for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Songya Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Lihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Bingxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jiexing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Xiangjian Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Shize Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
| | - Hongming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, PR China.
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Baky NAA, Fouad LM, Ahmed KA, Alzokaky AA. Mechanistic insight into the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract and telmisartan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis: plausible roles of TGF-β1/SMAD3/SMAD7 and HDAC2/NF-κB/PPARγ pathways. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38835191 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2358066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence and limited therapeutic options for liver fibrosis necessitates more medical attention. Our study aims to investigate the potential molecular targets by which Moringa oleifera Lam leaf extract (Mor) and/or telmisartan (Telm) alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 hours, for 8 weeks. Intoxicated rats with CCl4 were simultaneously orally administrated Mor (400 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks) and/or Telm (10 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks). Treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm significantly reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities compared to CCl4 intoxicated group (P < 0.001). Additionally, Mor/Telm treatment significantly reduced the level of hepatic inflammatory, profibrotic, and apoptotic markers including; nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-βeta1 (TGF-β1), and caspase-3. Interestingly, co-treatment of CCl4-intoxicated rats with Mor/Telm downregulated m-RNA expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) (71.8%), and reduced protein expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (p-SMAD3) (70.6%) compared to untreated animals. Mor/Telm regimen also elevated p-SMAD7 protein expression as well as m-RNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) (3.6 and 3.1 fold, respectively p < 0.05) compared to CCl4 intoxicated group. Histopathological picture of the liver tissue intoxicated with CCl4 revealed marked improvement by Mor/Telm co-treatment. Conclusively, this study substantiated the hepatoprotective effect of Mor/Telm regimen against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-β1/SMAD3, and HDAC2/NF-κB signaling pathways and up-regulation of SMAD7 and PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa M Fouad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
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Elseweidy MM, Ali AEM, Hassanin SM, Mahmoud YK. Empagliflozin ameliorates liver fibrosis in NASH rat model via targeting hepatic NF-κB/SOX9/OPN signaling and osteocalcin level. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:3449-3459. [PMID: 37962587 PMCID: PMC11074015 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may be associated with tissue fibrotic changes and can be treated via different therapeutic tools which may however either initiate weak or long-term side effects that minimize its use. Empagliflozin (EMPA) is an oral anti-diabetic drug which has characteristic effects during hepatic steatosis regarding lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate an additional mechanism through which EMPA can exert and potentiate its anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects in NASH rat model. Male Wistar albino rats fed on high fat diet (HFD) and 20% fructose in drinking water for 18 weeks and received EMPA (30 mg/kg/day, orally) starting from week 11. Body and liver weights, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, liver function tests, other biochemical and histological parameters were determined. HFD joined with fructose intake significantly increased body and liver weights, HOMA-IR value, hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic markers, liver transaminases, hepatic expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), sex determining region Y box 9 (SOX 9), and osteopontin (OPN) with significant decrease in hepatic osteocalcin (OCN). Intense hepatic lesions with severe microsteatosis and deposition of collagen fibers were clearly observed. Effectively, EMPA restored the normal liver functions, downregulated hepatic inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, SOX 9, OPN, and increased OCN level. These results highlight another pathway illustrated the anti-fibrotic effects of EMPA against liver fibrosis probably through downregulation of NF-κB/SOX 9/OPN signaling along with upregulation of hepatic OCN which may potentiate the valuable anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of EMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elseweidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Monem Ali
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Sara M Hassanin
- Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Li Y, Li LX, Cui H, Xu WX, Fu HY, Li JZ, Fan RF. Dietary Iron Overload Triggers Hepatic Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation in Laying Hen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04149-w. [PMID: 38502261 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Iron, an essential trace element, is involved in various physiological processes; however, consumption of excessive iron possesses detrimental effects. In practical feed production, the iron content added to feeds often far exceeds the actual demand, resulting in an excess of iron in the body. The liver as a central regulator of iron homeostasis is susceptible to damage caused by disorders in iron metabolism. A model of hepatic iron overload in laying hens was developed in this study by incorporating iron into their diet, and the specific mechanisms underlying iron overload-induced hepatic injury were investigated. Firstly, this study revealed that a high-iron diet resulted in hepatic iron overload, accompanied by impaired liver function. Next, assessment of oxidative stress markers indicated a decrease in activities of T-SOD and CAT, coupled with an increase in MDA content, pointing to the iron-overloaded liver oxidative stress. Thirdly, the impact of iron overload on hepatic glycolipid and bile acid metabolism-related gene expressions were explored, including PPAR-α, GLUT2, and CYP7A1, highlighting disruptions in hepatic metabolism. Subsequently, analyses of inflammation-related genes such as iNOS and IL-1β at both protein and mRNA levels demonstrated the presence of inflammation in the liver under conditions of dietary iron overload. Overall, this study provided comprehensive evidence that dietary iron overload contributed to disorders in glycolipid and bile acid metabolism, accompanied by inflammatory responses in laying hens. Further detailing the specific pathways involved and the implications of these findings could offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Lan-Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Han Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Wan-Xue Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Hong-Yu Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Jiu-Zhi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong StreetShandong Province, Tai'an City, 271018, China.
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Wang B, Qu X, Su A, Zhu H. PD protects Müller cells through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:97. [PMID: 38372810 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polydatin (PD) has widely pharmacological activities. However, the effects of PD on high glucose (HG)-induced Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy (DR) are rarely studied. METHODS The protective effects of PD were evaluated in HG-induced human retinal Müller cells. The levels of pro-angiogenic factors and pro-inflammatory factors were detected using the ELISA kits. The expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) were determined by western blot. RESULTS PD inhibited proliferation and activation of HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. PD treatment reduced the levels of pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress, while these effects were attenuated by NLRP3 agonist ATP in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. Furthermore, PD inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating the SIRT1 expression after HG stimulation, and knockdown of SIRT1 reversed the inhibition effects of PD on NLRP3 inflammasome, pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress in HG-induced MIO-M1 cells. CONCLUSION PD may inhibit HG-induced Müller cells proliferation and activation and suppress pro-angiogenic factors, pro-inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress through the SIRT1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In summary, PD treatment may be an effective therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anle Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongna Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No. 1 Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, No.12, Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an City, 710006, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Wang T, Lu Z, Sun GF, He KY, Chen ZP, Qu XH, Han XJ. Natural Products in Liver Fibrosis Management: A Five-year Review. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:5061-5082. [PMID: 38362686 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673288458240203064112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis, characterized by the overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins within liver tissue, poses a rising global health concern. However, no approved antifibrotic drugs are currently available, highlighting the critical need for understanding the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis. This knowledge could not only aid in developing therapies but also enable early intervention, enhance disease prediction, and improve our understanding of the interaction between various underlying conditions and the liver. Notably, natural products used in traditional medicine systems worldwide and demonstrating diverse biochemical and pharmacological activities are increasingly recognized for their potential in treating liver fibrosis. This review aims to comprehensively understand liver fibrosis, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms and advancements in exploring natural products' antifibrotic potential over the past five years. It also acknowledges the challenges in their development and seeks to underscore their potency in enhancing patient prognosis and reducing the global burden of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Feng Sun
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Yi He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
- The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
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Zhao L, Jin L, Yang B. Diosmetin alleviates S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting SIRT1/GPX4 mediated ferroptosis. Life Sci 2023; 331:122060. [PMID: 37652155 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Microbial infection is the main factor that induces mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major pathogen associated with mastitis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diosmetin on S. aureus-induced mastitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were divided into six groups: control group, S. aureus group, diosmetin (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) + S. aureus groups, and diosmetin (50 mg/kg) + S. aureus + EX-527 (10 mg/kg) group. S. aureus was injected into the mammary gland to establish a mouse mastitis model. Diosmetin was administered 1 h before S. aureus treatment. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that diosmetin significantly alleviated the pathological changes of mammary gland induced by S. aureus. Diosmetin alleviated myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and the release of TNF-α and IL-1β, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation. Moreover, diosmetin inhibited malondialdehyde (MDA) and Fe2+ levels induced by S. aureus. Diosmetin upregulated ATP, glutathione (GSH) production and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, which were decreased by S. aureus. Furthermore, the expression of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was upregulated by diosmetin. In addition, the inhibitory effects of diosmetin on S. aureus-induced inflammation and ferroptosis were prevented by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, the data indicated that diosmetin suppressed S. aureus-induced mastitis by attenuating inflammation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
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9
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Shah W, Zhao Q, Wang S, Zhang M, Ma H, Guan Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhu C, Wang S, Zhang X, Dong J, Ma H. Polydatin improves vascular endothelial function by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis under high glucose conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16550. [PMID: 37783713 PMCID: PMC10545827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that polydatin (Poly) confer cardioprotective effects. However, its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study showed that Poly (10 µM) treatment reversed the high glucose (HG)-induced decrease in acetylcholine-elicited vasodilation in aortas. Poly also improved the acetylcholine-induced vasodilation of aortic vessels isolated from diabetic rats. Meanwhile, Poly ameliorated the morphological damage of the thoracic aorta and improved the viability of HUVECs under HG conditions. Furthermore, analysis of the vasoprotective effect of Poly under HG conditions by transmission electron microscopy, Western blotting, and qPCR revealed that Poly improved endothelial pyroptosis through the NLRP3/Caspase/1-IL-1β pathway, enhanced dynamin-related protein 1-mediated mitochondrial fission, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential under HG conditions. In conclusion, Poly restored acetylcholine-induced vasodilation impaired by HG incubation, which was associated with reduced oxidation, inflammation, and pyroptosis, the recovery of the mitochondrial membrane potential and maintenance of mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis of endothelial cells in the aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahid Shah
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Qiyue Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Ziqiang Road 139, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
| | - Huijie Ma
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China.
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Ma L, Wu Q, Tam PKH. The Current Proceedings of PSC-Based Liver Fibrosis Therapy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2155-2165. [PMID: 37490204 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis was initially considered to be an irreversible process which will eventually lead to the occurrence of liver cancer. So far there has been no effective therapeutic approach to treat liver fibrosis although scientists have put tremendous efforts into the underlying mechanisms of this disease. Therefore, in-depth research on novel and safe treatments of liver fibrosis is of great significance to human health. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) play important roles in the study of liver fibrosis due to their unique features in self-renewal ability, pluripotency, and paracrine function. This article mainly reviews the applications of PSCs in the study of liver fibrosis in recent years. We discuss the role of PSC-derived liver organoids in the study of liver fibrosis, and the latest research advances on the differentiation of PSCs into hepatocytes or macrophages. We also highlight the importance of exosomes of PSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China.
| | - Paul Kwong-Hang Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China.
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11
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Cao Y, Fang X, Sun M, Zhang Y, Shan M, Lan X, Zhu D, Luo H. Preventive and therapeutic effects of natural products and herbal extracts on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3867-3897. [PMID: 37449926 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is prevalent in patients who consume little or no alcohol, and is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. The disease is becoming increasingly common with the rapid economic development of countries. Long-term accumulation of excess fat can lead to NAFLD, which represents a global health problem with no effective therapeutic approach. NAFLD is a complex, multifaceted pathological process that has been the subject of extensive research over the past few decades. Herbal medicines have gained attention as potential therapeutic agents to prevent and treat NAFLD due to their high efficacy and low risk of side effects. Our overview is based on a PubMed and Web of Science database search as of Dec 22 with the keywords: NAFLD/NASH Natural products and NAFLD/NASH Herbal extract. In this review, we evaluate the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of NAFLD. These natural resources have the potential to inform innovative drug research and the development of treatments for NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mengyao Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Difu Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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12
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Thomaz MS, Sertorio MN, Gazarini ML, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Nagaoka MR. Effect of Kinins on the Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice Treated with a Methionine-Choline Deficient Diet. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2199. [PMID: 37626696 PMCID: PMC10452290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the leading cause of hepatic disease worldwide and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to cell injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The kinins' role in the liver has been studied in experimental fibrosis, partial hepatectomy, and ischemia-reperfusion and is related to cell death and regeneration. We investigated its role in experimental NASH induced by a methionine-choline deficient diet for 4 weeks. After that, liver perfusion was performed, and bradykinin (BK) or des-Arg9-BK was infused. Cell death was evaluated by cathepsin-B and caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins. In control livers, DABK increased CAT activity, which was reversed by antagonist DALBK. In the NASH group, kinins tend to decrease antioxidant activity, with SOD activity being significantly reduced by BK and DABK. Malondialdehyde levels increased in all NASH groups, but carbonylated protein did not. DABK significantly decreased cathepsin-B in the NASH group, while caspase-3 was increased by BK in control animals. Our results suggest that B1R and/or B2R activation did not induce oxidative stress but affected the antioxidant system, reducing SOD in the NASH group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcia Regina Nagaoka
- Department of Biosciences, Instituto Saúde Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil; (M.S.T.)
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Wang MY, Zhang SS, An MF, Xia YF, Fan MS, Sun ZR, Zhang LJ, Zhao YL, Sheng J, Wang XJ. Neferine ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through regulating AMPK pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154798. [PMID: 37031639 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), peculiarly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has become the main cause of liver transplantation and liver-related death. However, the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved a specific medication for treating NASH. Neferine (NEF), a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid separated from the traditional Chinese medicine Nelumbinis plumula, has a variety of pharmacological properties, especially on metabolic diseases. Nevertheless, the anti-NASH effect and mechanisms of NEF remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the amelioration of NEF on NASH and the potential mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN HepG2 cells, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and high-fat diet (HFD)+carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced C57BL/6 mice were used to observe the effect of NEF against NASH and investigate the engaged mechanism. METHODS HSCs and HepG2 cells stimulated by oleic acid (OA) were treated with NEF. C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD+CCl4 to induce NASH mouse model and treated with or without NEF (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg, once daily, i.p) for 4 weeks. RESULTS NEF significantly attenuated the accumulation of lipid droplets, intracellular triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatocytes apoptosis in OA-exposed HepG2 cells. NEF not only enhanced the AMPK and ACC phosphorylation in OA-stimulated HepG2 cells, but also reduced inflammatory response and fibrosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HepG2 and in LX-2, respectively. In HFD+CCl4-induced NASH mice, pathological staining confirmed NEF treatment mitigated hepatic lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration as well as hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, the liver weight, serum and hepatic TG and total cholesterol (TC) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were decreased compared with the model group. HFD+CCl4 also induced the upregulation of specific proteins and genes associated to inflammation (ILs, TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, CCL2 and CXCL10) and hepatic fibrosis (collagens, α-SMA, TGF-β and TIPM1), which were also suppressed by NEF treatment. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that NEF played a protective role in hepatic steatosis via the regulation of AMPK pathways, which may serve as an attractive candidate for a potential novel strategy on prevention and treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Shi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei An
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Si Fan
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Chinese, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming 650224, P. R. China.
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China; Yunnan Research Institute of Plateau Characteristic Agricultural and Industry, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China.
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14
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Zhao H, Wang L, Zhang L, Zhao H. Phytochemicals targeting lncRNAs: A novel direction for neuroprotection in neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114692. [PMID: 37058817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders with various etiologies impacting the nervous system are prevalent in clinical practice. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) molecules are functional RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins, but participate in essential activities. Research indicates that lncRNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and may be potential targets for their treatment. Phytochemicals in traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) have been found to exert neuroprotective effects by targeting lncRNAs and regulating gene expression and various signaling pathways. We aim to establish the development status and neuroprotective mechanism of phytochemicals that target lncRNAs through a thorough literature review. A total of 369 articles were retrieved through manual and electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and CNKI databases from inception to September 2022. The search utilized combinations of natural products, lncRNAs, neurological disorders, and neuroprotective effects as keywords. The included studies, a total of 31 preclinical trials, were critically reviewed to present the current situation and the progress in phytochemical-targeted lncRNAs in neuroprotection. Phytochemicals have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies of various neurological disorders by regulating lncRNAs. These disorders include arteriosclerotic ischemia-reperfusion injury, ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, glioma, peripheral nerve injury, post-stroke depression, and depression. Several phytochemicals exert neuroprotective roles through mechanisms such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis, autophagy regulation, and antagonism of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Some phytochemicals targeted lncRNAs and served a neuroprotective role by regulating microRNA and mRNA expression. The emergence of lncRNAs as pathological regulators provides a novel direction for the study of phytochemicals in CHM. Elucidating the mechanism of phytochemicals regulating lncRNAs will help to identify new therapeutic targets and promote their application in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Emergency medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Emergency medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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15
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Wu YL, Wu JX, Shen TT, Chai HS, Chen HF, Zhang Q. Quzhi Formula Alleviates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Impairing Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation via Bip/eIF2α Signaling. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1050-1058. [PMID: 36381096 PMCID: PMC9634762 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Quzhi formula, a Chinese medicine compound prescription, relieves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) symptoms. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Quzhi formula against NASH. METHODS A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet induced a NASH mouse model and a free fatty acid-induced mouse hepatocyte cell model were used to evaluate the function of Quzhi formula in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were performed to uncover the possible protective mechanisms of the Quzhi formula against NASH. Key factors in liver lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway were evaluated to verify the mechanism. RESULTS The positive contribution of the Quzhi formula on NASH was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Abnormal accumulation of lipid in the liver and inflammatory responses were significantly decreased by the Quzhi formula. Network pharmacological analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the Quzhi formula protected against NASH by regulating ER stress and inflammatory responses, which was enhanced by further molecular docking analysis. In addition, mechanism exploration showed that Quzhi formula mainly reduced ER stress by downregulating Bip/eIF2α signaling. CONCLUSIONS The Quzhi formula protected against NASH by inhibiting lipid accumulation, ER stress, and inflammatory responses, which supports the potential use of Quzhi formula as an alternative treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lan Wu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Xiang Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Chai
- Shanghai municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qin Zhang, Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-488X. Tel: +86-21-52039999-79305, Fax: +86-21-52039795, E-mail: ; Hui-Fen Chen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 536 ChangLe Road, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-7035. Tel: +86-21-54033031, Fax: +86-21-50730190, E-mail:
| | - Qin Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qin Zhang, Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-488X. Tel: +86-21-52039999-79305, Fax: +86-21-52039795, E-mail: ; Hui-Fen Chen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 536 ChangLe Road, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-7035. Tel: +86-21-54033031, Fax: +86-21-50730190, E-mail:
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Guo W, Ge X, Lu J, Xu X, Gao J, Wang Q, Song C, Zhang Q, Yu C. Diet and Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Cirrhosis, and Liver Cancer: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245335. [PMID: 36558494 PMCID: PMC9788291 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Epidemiological evidence has shown the association between nutritional habits and liver disease. However, results remain conflicting. This study investigated the influence of dietary factors on the risk of incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Methods: Data from the UK Biobank database were analyzed (n = 372,492). According to baseline data from the food frequency questionnaire, two main dietary patterns (Western and prudent) were identified using principal component analysis. We used cox proportional hazards models to explore the associations of individual food groups and dietary patterns with NAFLD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 12 years, 3527 hospitalized NAFLD, 1643 cirrhosis, and 669 liver cancer cases were recorded among 372,492 participants without prior history of cancer or chronic liver diseases at baseline. In multivariable adjusted analysis, participants in the high tertile of Western dietary pattern score had an 18% (95%CI = 1.09−1.29), 21% (95%CI = 1.07−1.37), and 24% (95%CI = 1.02−1.50) higher risk of incident NAFLD, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer, respectively, compared with the low tertile. Participants in the high tertile of prudent scores had a 15% (95%CI = 0.75−0.96) lower risk of cirrhosis, as compared with those in the low tertile. In addition, the higher consumption of red meat and the lower consumption of fruit, cereal, tea, and dietary fiber were significantly associated with a higher risk of NAFLD, cirrhosis, and liver cancer (ptrend < 0.05). Conclusions: This large prospective cohort study showed that an increased intake of food from the Western dietary pattern could be correlated with an increased risk of chronic liver diseases, while the prudent pattern was only correlated with a reduced liver cirrhosis risk. These data may provide new insights into lifestyle interventions for the prevention of chronical liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinyuan Ge
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanrongzi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-25-83-714-511 (Q.Z.); +86-25-86-868-437 (C.Y.)
| | - Chengxiao Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, China International Cooperation Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Z.); (C.Y.); Tel.: +86-25-83-714-511 (Q.Z.); +86-25-86-868-437 (C.Y.)
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17
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Xu Z, Wu FW, Niu X, Lu XP, Li YR, Zhang ST, Ou JZ, Wang XM. Integrated strategy of RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology for exploring the protective mechanism of Shen-Shi-Jiang-Zhuo formula in rat with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1819-1838. [PMID: 36124995 PMCID: PMC9518293 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Shen-Shi-Jiang-Zhuo formula (SSJZF) exhibits a definite curative effect in the clinical treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SSJZF on NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, NAFLD, positive drug (12 mg/kg/day), SSJZF high-dose (200 mg/kg/day), SSJZF middle-dose (100 mg/kg/day), and SSJZF low-dose (50 mg/kg/day) groups. After daily intragastric administration of NAFLD rats for 8 weeks, lipid metabolism and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated by biochemical indices and histopathology. Then we uncovered the main active compounds and mechanism of SSJZF against NAFLD by integrating RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology, and PI3K/AKT pathway activity was verified by western blot. RESULTS High dose SSJZF had the best inhibitory effect on hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis in rats with NAFLD, which significantly down-regulated total triglycerides (58%), cholesterol (62%), aspartate aminotransferase (57%), alanine aminotransferase (41%) andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase (36%), as well as the expression of ACC (5.3-fold), FAS (12.1-fold), SREBP1C (2.3-fold), and CD36 (4.4-fold), and significantly reduced collagen deposition (67%). Then we identified 23 compounds of SSJZF that acted on 25 key therapeutic targets of NAFLD by integrating RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology. Finally, we also confirmed that high dose SSJZF increased p-PI3K/PI3K (1.6-fold) and p-AKT/AKT (1.6-fold) in NAFLD rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We found for first time that SSJZF improved NAFLD in rats by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings provide scientific support for SSJZF in the clinical treatment of NAFLD and contribute to the development of new NAFLD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan-Wei Wu
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lu
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Rong Li
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Agriculture and Reclamation Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong
| | - Jun-Zhao Ou
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- Liu Pai Chinese Medical Center, The Seventh Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Graduate School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li MH, Guan J, Chen Z, Mo JX, Wu KR, Hu XG, Lan T, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi capsule ameliorates hyperuricemic nephropathy by inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115644. [PMID: 35987412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive serum uric acid (SUA) causes hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN), characterized by inflammatory infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Most recently, we demonstrated that Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsule attenuated diabetic nephropathy through inhibition of renal inflammation and fibrosis. However, whether FTZ ameliorates HN is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine the protective roles and mechanism of FTZ in mouse renal injury and fibrosis under hyperuricemic condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS HN mice, induced by potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, were administrated with 600 and 1200 mg/kg FTZ (intragastrically) daily for three weeks. SUA levels, renal functions and histological changes were analyzed. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) and RNA sequencing were used to identify the roles and underlying mechanism of FTZ in HN mice. RESULTS We demonstrated that FTZ treatment mitigated renal injury in mice, as evidenced by the decrease in SUA, serum creatinine (SCr) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels, as well as improved renal histology. FTZ markedly attenuates inflammasome activation, collagen deposition and the imbalance of uric acid transporters. RNA-sequencing revealed a key mechanism involved in the protective effects on HN mice was related to PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Western blot also confirmed that FTZ diminished the phosphorylation of AKT and p65 in HN mice. CONCLUSIONS FTZ prevents renal injury, inflammation and fibrosis in HN mice via promoting uric acid excretion and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jin Guan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Ju-Xian Mo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Kai-Reng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Xu-Guang Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Fu Y, Zhou Y, Shen L, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Y, Zhang K, Li W, Chen WD, Zhao S, Li Y, Ye W. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973366. [PMID: 36408234 PMCID: PMC9666875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is approximately 25%. With the global increase in obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes, NAFLD has become an important cause of chronic liver disease in many countries. Despite recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics, there are still challenges in its treatment. In this review, we briefly describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic targets, and drugs related to NAFLD. In particular, we focus on evaluating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis as potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. We also summarized the clinical research progress in terms of drug development and combination therapy, thereby providing references for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linhu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yeqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Yunfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Wenling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
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He M, Feng L, Chen Y, Gao B, Du Y, Zhou L, Li F, Liu H. Polydatin attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting YAP expression and nuclear translocation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:927794. [PMID: 36277194 PMCID: PMC9585250 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.927794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway is mutually causal with the increase of extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness. Polydatin (PD) has been proved to have anti-fibrosis effect in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but it is still a mystery whether PD participates in YAP-related mechano-transduction. Therefore, this study intends to solve the following two problems: 1) To construct an in vitro system of polyacrylamide hydrogels (PA gels) based on the true stiffness of kidneys in healthy and DKD rats, and observe the effect of PD on pathological matrix stiffness-induced YAP expression in renal fibroblasts; 2) Compared with verteporfin (VP), a pharmacological inhibitor of YAP, to explore whether the therapeutic effect of PD on DKD in vivo model is related to the regulation of YAP. In this study, the in vitro system of PA gels with 3 kPa, 12 kPa and 30 kPa stiffness was constructed and determined for the first time to simulate the kidney stiffness of healthy rats, rats with DKD for 8 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. Compared with the PA gels with 3 kPa stiffness, the PA gels with 12 kPa and 30 kPa stiffness significantly increased the expression of YAP, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in renal fibroblasts, and the PA gels with 30 kPa stiffness were the highest. PD significantly inhibited the above-mentioned changes of fibroblasts induced by pathological matrix stiffness, suggesting that the inhibition of PD on fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and ECM production was at least partially associated with regulating YAP-related mechano-transduction pathway. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of PD on YAP expression and nuclear translocation in kidneys of DKD rats is similar to that of VP, but PD is superior to VP in reducing urinary protein, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, as well as decreasing the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, ROS overproduction and renal fibrosis. Our results prove for the first time from the biomechanical point of view that PD is a potential therapeutic strategy for delaying the progression of renal fibrosis by inhibiting YAP expression and nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlin He
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Lan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Yiwei Du
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
| | - Fei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Fei Li,
| | - Hongbao Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbao Liu, ; Fei Li,
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21
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Karami A, Fakhri S, Kooshki L, Khan H. Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits. Molecules 2022; 27:6474. [PMID: 36235012 PMCID: PMC9572446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory system, rheumatoid diseases, the skeletal system, and women's health. In the present study, the therapeutic targets, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and health benefits of polydatin are reviewed to provide new insights to researchers. The need to develop further clinical trials and novel delivery systems of polydatin is also considered to reveal new insights to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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22
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Zhu M, Jia Z, Yan X, Liu L, Fang C, Feng M, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Wu H, Huang B, Li Y, Liu J, Xiao H. Danhe granule ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in rats by inhibiting ceramide de novo synthesis related to CerS6 and CerK. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 295:115427. [PMID: 35654350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danhe granule (DHG) is used by Chinese doctors to treat blood stasis, phlegm and dampness. Its lipid-lowering ability has been investigated in our previous research. However, the anti-liver inflammatory and fibrotic effects and mechanism of action of DHG in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have not been explored. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the ameliorative effects of DHG on liver inflammation and fibrosis in a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH rat model, and its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an MCD diet for two weeks and then treated with or without DHG by oral gavage for eight weeks. Their body weight and liver index were measured. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities as well as the liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) levels were tested using reagent kits. Inflammatory cytokines, including Tnf-α, Il-β and Il-6, and fibrosis genes, including Acta2, Col1a1, Col1a2 and Tgf-β were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Oil Red O, Masson's and Sirius Red staining were used to observe liver changes. The plasma and liver ceramide levels were analyzed using HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. The expression of serine palmitoyl-CoA transferase (Spt), ceramide synthase 6 (Cers6), dihydroceramide desaturase 1 (Des1), glucosylceramide synthase (Gcs), and ceramide kinase (Cerk) mRNA was assayed by RT-qPCR, while the protein expression of CerS6, DES1, GCS, CerK, and casein kinase 2α (CK2α) was tested by western blotting (WB). CerS6 degradation was evaluated using a cycloheximide (CHX) assay in vitro. RESULTS The liver index decreased by 20% in DHG groups and the serum ALT and AST decreased by approximately 50% and 30%, respectively in the DHG-H group. The liver Oil Red O staining, TG, and FFA changes showed that DHG reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by approximately 30% in NASH rats. H&E, Masson's and Sirius Red staining and the mRNA levels of Tnf-α, Il-β, Il-6, Acta2, Col1a1, Col1a2 and Tgf-β revealed that DHG alleviated liver inflammation and fibrosis in NASH rats. The ceramide (Cer 16:0), and hexosylceramide (HexCer 16:0, HexCer 18:0, HexCer 22:0, HexCer 24:0 and HexCer 24:1) levels decreased by approximately 17-56% in the plasma of the DHG-M and H rats. The Cer 16:0 content in the liver decreased by 20%, 50%, and 70% with the DHG-L, M, and H treatments; additionally, the dhCer 16:0, Cer 18:0, HexCer 18:0, HexCer 20:0 Cer 22:0-1P, Cer 24:0-1p, Cer 24:1-1p, and Cer 26:1-1p levels decreased in the DHG groups. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DES1, GCS, Cerk, CerS6, and CHX assay indicated that DHG decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of CerK and reduced CerS6 protein expression by promoting its degradation. Additionally, DHG attenuated the protein expression of CK2α which could increase CerS6 enzymatic activity by phosphorylating its C-terminal region. CONCLUSION DHG ameliorated the levels of liver FFA and TG and inflammation and fibrosis in MCD-induced rats, which were associated with decreasing ceramide species in the plasma and liver by reducing the expression levels of CerS6 and CerK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoning Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Fang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Menghan Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Dai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yueting Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xiao
- Research Center of Chinese Medicine Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Huang Q, Xin X, Sun Q, An Z, Gou X, Feng Q. Plant-derived bioactive compounds regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome to treat NAFLD. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:896899. [PMID: 36016562 PMCID: PMC9396216 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.896899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of hepatic fat and inflammatory response with complex pathogenesis. Over activation of the pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome triggers the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, induces pyroptosis, and promotes the release of a large number of pro-inflammatory proteins. All of which contribute to the development of NAFLD. There is a great deal of evidence indicating that plant-derived active ingredients are effective and safe for NAFLD management. This review aims to summarize the research progress of 31 active plant-derived components (terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols) that alleviate lipid deposition, inflammation, and pyroptosis by acting on the NLRP3 inflammasome studied in both in vitro and in vivo NAFLD models. These studies confirmed that the NLRP3 inflammasome and its related genes play a key role in NAFLD amelioration, providing a starting point for further study on the correlation of plant-derived compounds treatment with the NLRP3 inflammasome and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xin
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - QinMei Sun
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziming An
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Feng,
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Luo J, Chen S, Wang L, Zhao X, Piao C. Pharmacological effects of polydatin in the treatment of metabolic diseases: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154161. [PMID: 35636169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases (MDs), a series of chronic disorders, severely decreases the quality of life for patients but also cause a heavy economic burden. Emerging evidence suggests that Polydatin (PD), an important glucoside of resveratrol, is widely distributed in many plants and has shown good therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases. PURPOSE To review the PD discovered before 2021 and their potential to treat metabolic diseases. The activities against diabetes, Obesity, atherosclerosis, NAFLD, NASH, hyperlipidemia, and gout with special emphasis on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, possible roles in current medicine, and future perspectives are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted to locate original publications pertaining to polydatin and MDs through the end of 2021 using MEDLINE, Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, Scholar, and CNKI databases. The main inquiry used was for the presence of the following keywords in various combinations in the abstracts: 'Polydatin', 'Metabolic diseases', 'Pharmacology', 'Toxicology', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Diabetes', 'Obesity', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'Hyperlipidemia', and 'Gout'. RESULTS The search yielded 987 articles, of which 33 articles were included in this review. Studies have revealed that PD can promote insulin secretion, alleviate insulin resistance, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce liver lipid deposition, inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and decrease uric acid deposition in preclinical experiments. The underlying mechanisms of PD in treatment MDs may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including. NF-κB, AGEs/RAGE, MAPK/ERK, AMPK/LDLR, IRS1/PI3K/AKT, LKB1/AMPK, PPARβ-NO, SIRT1-PGC-1α-SOD2, PKC, etc., The pharmacokinetic profiles of PD provide valuable information on therapeutic efficacy in treating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the available reports and evidence which support the use of PD as a potential candidate in the treatment of MDs and provides an overview of the modulatory effects of PD in metabolic diseases and cell signaling pathways, which may have important implications in its future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Luo
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Wu J, Chen P, Ju L, Gao R, Li S, Huang Z, Cheng Y, Gui S, Qiu Z, Cheng J, Huang F. Corydalis saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloids ameliorate diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating hepatic PI3K/Akt and TLR4/NF-κB pathways in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113132. [PMID: 35623174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Corydalis saxicola Bunting (Yanhuanglian), distributed in Southwest China, is mainly used for treatment of hepatitis, oral mucosal erosion, conjunctivitis, dysentery, acute abdominal pain and hemorrhoids in the folk. Corydalis saxicola Bunting Total Alkaloids (CSBTA) are the active ingredients extracted from the root of C. saxicola bunting. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the hinge between steatosis and cirrhosis in the spectrum of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases in the world. CSBTA can reduce tumors and brain diseases through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Our study was designed to clarify the effects of CSBTA on the HFHC (High fat and high carbohydrate drinking) diet induced mice. In our research, A HFHC diet induced NASH mice model was applied to investigate the effects of CSBTA in vivo and obeticholic acid (OA) was set as positive control. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms were explored by palmitic acid (PA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated HepG2 cells in vitro. The in vivo study illustrated that CSBTA could alleviate mice away from the onset of NASH, and reduce intrahepatocellular lipid accumulation and hepatocyte inflammation under high fat condition. Further in vitro analysis confirmed that CSBTA attenuated inflammation and hepatic lipid accumulation by improving hepatic PI3K/Akt and suppressing hepatic TLR4/NF-κB pathways. In summary, this study demonstrated that CSBTA might be a promising compound for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Linjie Ju
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Renhao Gao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Silu Li
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziqian Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yiqiu Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shuqi Gui
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China; Nanjing Zhongshan Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., 21 Hengfa Road, Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Nanjing Zhongshan Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., 21 Hengfa Road, Nanjing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian avenue, Nanjing, PR China.
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Liu YJ, Xu WH, Fan LM, Zhang YQ, Xu W, Chen YP, Chen LL, Chen L, Xu W, Wang Y, Chu KD, Zhang JP. Polydatin alleviates DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis by suppressing Th17 cell differentiation via directly inhibiting STAT3. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3662-3671. [PMID: 35766233 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific chronic intestinal inflammatory disease, often presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stool, anorexia, and body loss. It is difficult to cure completely and a promising treatment is urgently needed. Natural compounds can offer promising chemical agents for treatment of diseases. Polydatin is a natural ingredient extracted from the dried rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and dementia protection activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of polydatin on IBD and explore its possible mechanism. We found that polydatin could effectively suppress the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro, but had no effect on the differentiation of Treg cells. Polydatin significantly alleviated colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice, and dramatically decreased the proportion of Th17 cells in spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. Mechanism investigations revealed that polydatin specifically inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation by directly binding to STAT3, leading to Th17 cell reduction and thereby alleviating colitis. These findings provide novel insights into the anti-colitis effect of polydatin, which may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ming Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Dan Chu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P.R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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27
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Lan T, Xu T, Fu Y, Jiang S, Liang X, Yu Z, Pan L, Rong X, Guo J. Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi Capsule Prevents Intestinal Inflammation and Barrier Disruption in Mice With Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:864703. [PMID: 35784533 PMCID: PMC9243428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.864703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a major cause of liver transplantation and liver-associated death. Targeting the gut-liver axis is a potential therapy for NASH. The Fufang Zhenzhu Tiaozhi (FTZ) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in clinical practice, has recently emerged as a promising drug candidate for metabolic diseases such as NASH. The present study aimed to investigate whether FTZ exerts an anti-NASH effect by targeting the gut-liver axis. Mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to induce NASH. HFD-fed mice were daily intragastrically administrated with FTZ at 10 weeks after tbe initiation of HFD feeding. The mRNA levels of genes associated with the intestinal tight junction, lipid metabolism, and inflammation were determined by the q-PCR assay. Hepatic pathology was evaluated by H&E staining. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FTZ attenuated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in mice. FTZ treatment decreased the elevated levels of serum aminotransferases and liver triglyceride in NASH mice. Furthermore, FTZ treatment reduced hepatic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in mice. In addition, FTZ attenuated the intestinal inflammatory response and improved intestinal barrier function. Mechanistically, FTZ-treated mice showed a different gut microbiota composition compared with that in HFD-fed mice. Finally, we identified eight differential metabolites that may contribute to the improvement of NASH with FTZ treatment. In summary, FTZ ameliorates NASH by inhibiting gut inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function, and modulating intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tonghao Xu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Fu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ma C, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Hua Y, Zhang C, Zheng G, Yang G, Guan J, Li H, Li M, Kang L, Xiang J, Fan G, Yang S. Exploring Ganweikang Tablet as a Candidate Drug for NAFLD Through Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893336. [PMID: 35774609 PMCID: PMC9239345 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as liver disease in which more than 5% of hepatocytes are steatotic with little or no alcohol consumption. NAFLD includes benign nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Importantly, NASH is an advanced progression of NAFL and is characterized by steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis. However, to date, no drugs specifically targeting NAFLD have been approved by the FDA. Therefore, a new drug or strategy for NAFLD treatment is necessary. However, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and no single-target drugs have achieved the desired results. Noticeably, traditional Chinese medicine formulations are a complex system with multiple components, multiple targets, and synergistic effects between components. The Ganweikang tablet is a compound formula based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical experience. In this study, network pharmacology analysis indicates Ganweikang tablet as a candidate for NAFLD treatment. Furthermore, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Ganweikang tablet on the NAFL and NASH and tried to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms in animal models and cell experiments. As expected, Ganweikang tablet was found to improve NAFL and NASH by modulating inflammation, apoptosis, and fatty acid oxidation by inhibiting NFκB, caspase-8, and activating PPARα, which not only indicates that Ganweikang tablet as a drug candidate but also provides a theoretical basis of Ganweikang tablet for the treatment of NAFL and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobin Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangyan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianli Guan
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China
| | - Huahuan Li
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China
| | - Meng Li
- Henan Fusen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Henan, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- The Biobank of National Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Devices, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Yang, ; Guanwei Fan, ; Jiaqing Xiang,
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Yang, ; Guanwei Fan, ; Jiaqing Xiang,
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shu Yang, ; Guanwei Fan, ; Jiaqing Xiang,
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Liu S, Zhang R, Zhang X, Zhu S, Liu S, Yang J, Li Z, Gao T, Liu F, Hu H. The Invasive Species Reynoutria japonica Houtt. as a Promising Natural Agent for Cardiovascular and Digestive System Illness. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863707. [PMID: 35770098 PMCID: PMC9234309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, the dry roots and stems of Reynoutria japonica Houtt (called Huzhang, HZ in Chinese), is a traditional and popular chinese medicinal herb for thousands of years. As a widely used ethnomedicine in Asia including China, Japan, and Korea, HZ can invigorate the blood, cool heat, and resolve toxicity, which is commonly used in the treatment of favus, jaundice, scald, and constipation. However, HZ is now considered an invasive plant in the United States and many European countries. Therefore, in order to take advantage of HZ and solve the problem of biological invasion, scholars around the world have carried out abundant research studies on HZ. Until now, about 110 compounds have been isolated and identified from HZ, in which anthraquinones, stilbenes, and flavonoids would be the main bioactive ingredients for its pharmacological properties, such as microcirculation improvement, myocardial protective effects, endocrine regulation, anti-atherosclerotic activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti-tumor activity, anti-viral activity, and treatment of skin inflammation, burns, and scalds. HZ has a variety of active ingredients and broad pharmacological activities. It is widely used in health products, cosmetics, and even animal husbandry feed and has no obvious toxicity. Efforts should be made to develop more products such as effective drugs, health care products, cosmetics, and agricultural and animal husbandry products to benefit mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Sichuan Quantaitang Chinese Herbal Slices Co, Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhui Gao, ; Fang Liu,
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tianhui Gao, ; Fang Liu,
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Ji N, Du Y, Jia T, Wei S, Wang W, Zhang S, Chen W. Tanshinone IIA regulates the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway to ameliorate non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis‑related fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:486. [PMID: 35761808 PMCID: PMC9214595 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza and has been indicated to play a role in the treatment of organ fibrosis. However, the evidence supporting its antifibrotic effect is insufficient and the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate the therapeutic effect of TIIA on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related fibrosis (NASH-F), the present study used a methionine choline deficiency diet to induce NASH-F in rats, and explored the effect of TIIA on the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway. Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, NASH-F and TIIA groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of serum markers associated with liver function and fibrosis were measured, liver fat vacuoles and inflammation were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining, and liver fibrosis was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3, Smad7 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNA expression, and TGF-β1, Smad2/3, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3, Smad7 and α-SMA protein levels were determined. The results revealed that TIIA could remarkably ameliorate liver fat vacuoles and inflammation in NASH-F rats, and could decrease the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total bile acid, hyaluronic acid, type Ⅳ collagen, laminin and type III collagen, while increasing the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides; however, this was not statistically significance. TIIA markedly suppressed the increased TGF-β1, Smad2, Smad3 and α-SMA mRNA expression levels observed in the liver of NASH-F rats, while it increased the mRNA expression level of Smad7. Similarly, TIIA suppressed the increased TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and α-SMA protein levels observed in the liver of NASH-F rats, while it increased the protein expression level of Smad7 in vitro and in vivo. TIIA had no significant cytotoxic effect at 10, 20, 40 and 80 µmol/l on human LX-2 cell. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that TIIA alleviated NASH-F by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. TIIA may be a useful tool in the prevention and treatment of NASH-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Xu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Nengbo Ji
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, First Clinical Medical College of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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31
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Zhang Y, Song C, Du H, Chen Y, Huang X, Gong L, You P, Deng J, Liu Y, Feng H, Zhang Z, Yu K, Chen Y. Novel Functional Food from an invasive species Polygonum cuspidatum: Safety evaluation, Chemical Composition, and Hepatoprotective Effects. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Accidentally, we found that the shoots of Polygonum cuspidatum (SPC) have been consumed for centuries as a traditional vegetable in the Shennongjia region of China. Local residents believe that SPC has biological effects such as antibacterial, anti-aging, and antioxidant. To provide scientific support for the use of SPC as a functional food, SPC was evaluated in terms of safety, chemical composition, antioxidant activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the first, SPC exhibited no adverse cytotoxic effects or acute toxicity in mice. Then the chemical composition of SPC was determined by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. 22 compounds were identified from the SPC extracts, including phenolic, flavonoid, stilbene, and anthraquinone. Finally, an acute ethanol-induced oxidative stress model in mice showed hepatoprotective effects. In brief, our study indicated that SPC is a safe, multi-functional food with antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. Importantly, the consumption of SPC as a functional food provides a novel strategy of efficient utilization of the invasive plant.
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32
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Khan TJ, Xu X, Xie X, Dai X, Sun P, Xie Q, Zhou X. Tremella fuciformis Crude Polysaccharides Attenuates Steatosis and Suppresses Inflammation in Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1224-1234. [PMID: 35723304 PMCID: PMC8947202 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44030081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder characterized by an enhanced accumulation of lipids, which affects around 40% of the world's population. The T. fuciformis fungus possesses immunomodulatory activity and other beneficial properties that may alleviate steatosis through a different mechanism. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect T. fuciformis crude polysaccharides (TFCP) on inflammatory and lipid metabolism gene expression, oxidative stress, and lipid profile. Mice were divided into groups receiving (a) a normal chow diet (NCD), (b) a methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet, and (c) a MCD diet with TFCP. Liver histopathology was performed, and the hepatic gene expression levels were estimated using qRT-PCR. The lipid profiles, ALT, AST, and efficient oxidative enzymes were analyzed using ELISA. The TFCP administration in the MCD-fed mice suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMGCR, FABP, SREBP, ACC, and FAS), and inflammation-associated genes (IL-1β, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6) whilst enhancing the expression of HNF4α genes. TFCP mitigated against oxidative stress and normalized healthy lipid profiles. These results highlighted that TFCP prevents NAFLD through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting TFCP would potentially be an effective therapeutic agent against NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Jamal Khan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- Geometry Cell Biology Research Center, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ximing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingdong Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Tang D, Zhang Q, Duan H, Ye X, Liu J, Peng W, Wu C. Polydatin: A Critical Promising Natural Agent for Liver Protection via Antioxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9218738. [PMID: 35186191 PMCID: PMC8853764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9218738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin, one of the natural active small molecules, was commonly applied in protecting and treating liver disorders in preclinical studies. Oxidative stress plays vital roles in liver injury caused by various factors, such as alcohol, viral infections, dietary components, drugs, and other chemical reagents. It is reported that oxidative stress might be one of the main reasons in the progressive development of alcohol liver diseases (ALDs), nonalcoholic liver diseases (NAFLDs), liver injury, fibrosis, hepatic failure (HF), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this paper, we comprehensively summarized the pharmacological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of polydatin for protecting and treating liver disorders via regulation of oxidative stress. According to the previous studies, polydatin is a versatile natural compound and exerts significantly protective and curative effects on oxidative stress-associated liver diseases via various molecular mechanisms, including amelioration of liver function and insulin resistance, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as well as increase of antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)). In addition, polydatin acts as a free radical scavenger against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by its phenolic and ethylenic bond structure. However, further clinical investigations are still needed to explore the comprehensive molecular mechanisms and confirm the clinical treatment effect of polydatin in liver diseases related to regulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
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Ma C, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:846-861. [PMID: 34923950 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress-induced liver injury closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, and there is no specific drug for its clinical treatment currently. In recent years, a large amount of literature has reported that many natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve NAFLD through various mechanisms. According to the latest reports, some emerging natural compounds have shown great potential to improve NAFLD but are seldom used clinically due to the lacking special research. PURPOSE This paper aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD, thus providing a direction and basis for further research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. METHODS By searching various online databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and CNKI, NAFLD and these natural compounds were used as the keywords for detailed literature retrieval. RESULTS The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD have been reviewed. CONCLUSION Many natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine have a good prospect in the treatment of NAFLD, which can serve as a direction for the development of anti-NAFLD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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35
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Tanaka N, Honda Y, Kajiwara Y, Kataoka H, Origuchi T, Sakamoto J, Okita M. Myonuclear apoptosis via cleaved caspase-3 upregulation is related to macrophage accumulation underlying immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 2021; 65:341-349. [PMID: 34890049 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Although macrophage accumulation plays a key role in the development of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we focused on the alterations of myonuclear apoptosis via cleaved caspase-3, and investigated whether these changes may be related to macrophage accumulation. METHODS Eight-week-old Wistar rats were divided into immobilization and control groups, and the soleus muscles were selected for analysis. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression of collagen and the number of CD11b-positive cells were significantly higher in the immobilized rats than in the control rats at 1 and 2 weeks. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive myonuclei counts in 1- and 2-week control rats were 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.5, whereas they were 1.0 ± 0.6 and 1.1 ± 0.5 in 1- and 2-week immobilized rats. The cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions in 1- and 2-week control rats were 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1, whereas they were 0.5 ± 0.1 and 0.4 ± 0.2 in 1- and 2-week immobilized rats. TUNEL-positive myonuclei counts and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression were significantly higher in immobilized rats than in control rats at 1 and 2 weeks. The numbers of myonuclei in 1- and 2-week control rats were 2.8 ± 0.1 and 2.6 ± 0.4, whereas they were 2.2 ± 0.4 and 2.2 ± 0.2 in 1- and 2-week immobilized rats. The numbers of myonuclei were significantly lower in immobilized than in control rats at both time-points. DISCUSSION Myonuclear apoptosis via the upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 might induce macrophage accumulation. These alterations are related to immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Honda
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajiwara
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Kataoka
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki Memorial Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Junya Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Okita
- Department of Physical Therapy Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Maeda H, Ishima Y, Saruwatari J, Mizuta Y, Minayoshi Y, Ichimizu S, Yanagisawa H, Nagasaki T, Yasuda K, Oshiro S, Taura M, McConnell MJ, Oniki K, Sonoda K, Wakayama T, Kinoshita M, Shuto T, Kai H, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Iwakiri Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Nitric oxide facilitates the targeting Kupffer cells of a nano-antioxidant for the treatment of NASH. J Control Release 2021; 341:457-474. [PMID: 34856227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are a key source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and are implicated in the development of steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We recently developed a polythiolated and mannosylated human serum albumin (SH-Man-HSA), a nano-antioxidant that targets Kupffer cells, in which the mannosyl units on albumin allows their specific uptake by Kupffer cells via the mannose receptor C type 1 (MRC1), and in which the polythiolation confers antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of SH-Man-HSA in NASH model mice. In livers from mice and/or patients with NASH, we observed a reduced blood flow in the liver lobes and the down-regulation in MRC1 expression in Kupffer cells, and SH-Man-HSA alone failed to improve the pathological phenotype in NASH. However, the administration of a nitric oxide (NO) donor restored hepatic blood flow and increased the expression of the mannose receptor C type 2 (MRC2) instead of MRC1. Consequently, treatment with a combination of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor improved oxidative stress-associated pathology. Finally, we developed a hybrid type of nano-antioxidant (SNO-Man-HSA) via the S-nitrosation of SH-Man-HSA. This nanomedicine efficiently delivered both NO and thiol groups to the liver, with a hepatoprotective effect that was comparable to the combination therapy of SH-Man-HSA and an NO donor. These findings suggest that SNO-Man-HSA has the potential for functioning as a novel nano-therapy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shota Ichimizu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Taura
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Bioresponse Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Matthew J McConnell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kentaro Oniki
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kayoko Sonoda
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sections of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Wang S, Tao J, Chen H, Kandadi MR, Sun M, Xu H, Lopaschuk GD, Lu Y, Zheng J, Peng H, Ren J. Ablation of Akt2 and AMPK α2 rescues high fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis through Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3508-3526. [PMID: 34900533 PMCID: PMC8642450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the opposing effects of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on metabolic homeostasis, this study examined the effects of deletion of Akt2 and AMPKα2 on fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Akt2-Ampkα2 double knockout (DKO) mice were placed on high fat diet for 5 months. Glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, cardiac function, lipid accumulation, and hepatic steatosis were examined. DKO mice were lean without anthropometric defects. High fat intake led to adiposity and decreased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in wild-type (WT) mice, which were ablated in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. High fat intake increased blood and hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol, promoted hepatic steatosis and injury in WT mice. These effects were eliminated in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. Fat diet promoted fat accumulation, and enlarged adipocyte size, the effect was negated in DKO mice. Fat intake elevated fatty acid synthase (FAS), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (CHREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), PPARγ, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and diglyceride O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), the effect was absent in DKO but not Akt2 -/- and Ampkα2 -/- mice. Fat diet dampened mitophagy, promoted inflammation and phosphorylation of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) and AMPKα1 (Ser485), the effects were eradicated by DKO. Deletion of Parkin effectively nullified DKO-induced metabolic benefits against high fat intake. Liver samples from obese humans displayed lowered microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), Pink1, Parkin, as well as enhanced phosphorylation of Akt, AMPK (Ser485), and FoxO1, which were consolidated by RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and mass spectrometry analyses from rodent and human livers. These data suggest that concurrent deletion of Akt2 and AMPKα2 offers resilience to fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis, possibly through preservation of Parkin-mediated mitophagy and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Shanghai University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200044, China
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Huaguo Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Machender R. Kandadi
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Medprime Health Services LLC, Paris, TX 75460, USA
| | - Mingming Sun
- University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Gary D. Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hu Peng
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Li Z, Wang Z, Dong F, Shi W, Dai W, Zhao J, Li Q, Fang ZE, Ren L, Liu T, Wei Z, Mou W, Lin L, Yang Y, Xiao X, Ma L, Bai Z. Germacrone Attenuates Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation and Liver Fibrosis via Regulating Multiple Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:745561. [PMID: 34675811 PMCID: PMC8523941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.745561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an abnormal proliferation of connective tissue in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors. Chronic liver injury leads to release of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from damaged hepatocytes, which activates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to secrete extracellular matrix proteins, thereby leading to fibrosis. Thus, inhibition of hepatocyte injury and HSC activation, and promotion of apoptosis of activated HSCs are important strategies for prevention of liver fibrosis. In this study, we showed that the germacrone (GER), the main component in the volatile oil of zedoary turmeric, inhibited hepatic fibrosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways. First, GER improved the cell survival rate by inhibiting the production of ROS after hepatocyte injury caused by acetaminophen (APAP). In addition, GER inhibited the activation of HSCs and expression of collagen I by blocking TGF-β/Smad pathway in LX-2 cells. However, when the concentration of GER was higher than 60 μM, it specifically induced HSCs apoptosis by promoting the expression and activation of apoptosis-related proteins, but it had no effect on hepatocytes. Importantly, GER significantly attenuated the methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced liver fibrosis by inhibiting liver injury and the activation of HSCs in vivo. In summary, GER can not only protect hepatocytes by reducing ROS release to avoid the liver injury-induced HSC activation, but also directly inhibit the activation and survival of HSCs by regulating TGF-β/Smad and apoptosis pathways. These results demonstrate that GER can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhang Dai
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-E Fang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lutong Ren
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqing Mou
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Exercise Intervention Mitigates Pathological Liver Changes in NAFLD Zebrafish by Activating SIRT1/AMPK/NRF2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010940. [PMID: 34681600 PMCID: PMC8536011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease that causes serious liver damage. Exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological tool to improve the pathology of NAFLD. However, the antioxidative effects and mechanisms by which exercise ameliorates NAFLD remain unclear. The present study conducted exercise training on zebrafish during a 12-week high-fat feeding period to study the antioxidant effect of exercise on the liver. We found that swimming exercise decreased lipid accumulation and improved pathological changes in the liver of high-fat diet-fed zebrafish. Moreover, swimming alleviated NOX4-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and reduced methanedicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) levels. We also examined the anti-apoptotic effects of swimming and found that it increased the expression of antiapoptotic factor bcl2 and decreased the expression of genes associated with apoptosis (caspase3, bax). Mechanistically, swimming intervention activated SIRT1/AMPK signaling-mediated lipid metabolism and inflammation as well as enhanced AKT and NRF2 activation and upregulated downstream antioxidant genes. In summary, exercise attenuates pathological changes in the liver induced by high-fat diets. The underlying mechanisms might be related to NRF2 and mediated by SIRT1/AMPK signaling.
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Liu W, Liang L, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yan S, Tang T, Ren Y, Mo J, Liu F, Chen X, Lan T. Effects of andrographolide on renal tubulointersticial injury and fibrosis. Evidence of its mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153650. [PMID: 34332282 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with renal interstitial injury and fibrosis. Our previous study showed that andrographolide protected against the progression of DN and high glucose (HG)-induced mesangial dysfunction. However, the protective effects of andrographolide on renal tubular epithelial cells have not been fully elucidated. PURPOSE To determine the protective effects of andrographolide on renal tubular damage and explore the underlying mechanism. STUDY DESIGN Human tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were treated with andrographolide (5 and 10 μM) under HG conditions. Diabetic mice were treated with andrographolide (i.p. 2 and 4 mg/kg, twice per week). METHODS Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effects of andrographolide on renal tubular injury and fibrotic mechanisms in HK-2 cells. The protective effects of andrographolide against renal tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis were investigated in diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Renal interstitial tissue was collected at sacrifice for immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting to analyze the effects of andrographolide on renal tubular injury and fibrosis. RESULTS In vitro assay results indicated that andrographolide (5 and 10 μM) effectively inhibited HG-induced apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and collagen deposition in HK-2 cells. Mechanistically, HG stimulated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS)-mediated NOD-like receptor family and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and EMT in tubular epithelial cells, and andrographolide (5 and 10 μM) inhibited these effects by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. In vivo, treatment with andrographolide (2 and 4 mg/kg) inhibited renal tubular cell apoptosis, EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Andrographolide (5 and 10 μM) prevents HG-induced renal tubular cell damage, and andrographolide (2 and 4 mg/kg) protects against the progression of diabetic tubular injury and fibrosis in mice by suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanmei Liang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sishan Yan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juxian Mo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- The Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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41
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Dai X, Feng J, Chen Y, Huang S, Shi X, Liu X, Sun Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Chin Med 2021; 16:68. [PMID: 34344394 PMCID: PMC8330116 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's largest chronic liver disease, while there is still no specific drug to treat NAFLD. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been widely used in hepatic diseases for centuries in Asia, and TCM's holistic concept and differentiation treatment of NAFLD show their advantages in the treatment of this complex metabolic disease. However, the multi-compounds and multi-targets are big obstacle for the study of TCM. Here, we summarize the pharmacological actions of active ingredients from frequently used single herbs in TCM compounds. The combined mechanism of herbs in TCM compounds are further discussed to explore their comprehensive effects on NAFLD. This article aims to summarize multiple functions and find the common ground for TCM treatment on NAFLD, thus providing enrichment to the scientific connotation of TCM theories and promotes the exploration of TCM therapies on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmin Dai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, 200433, Shanghai, China.
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42
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Mu Y, Li J, Kang JH, Eto H, Zai K, Kishimura A, Hyodo F, Mori T, Katayama Y. A Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Containing Active Vitamin D 3 Ameliorates NASH in Mice via Direct and Intestine-Mediated Effects on Liver Inflammation. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1413-1420. [PMID: 32879216 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The gut-liver axis may be involved in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns leak through the intestinal barrier to the liver via the portal vein to contribute to NASH development. Active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is a potential therapeutic agent to enhance the intestinal barrier. Active vitamin D3 also suppresses inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. However, the adverse effects of active vitamin D3 such as hypercalcemia limit its clinical use. We created a nano-structured lipid carrier (NLC) containing active vitamin D3 to deliver active vitamin D3 to the intestine and liver to elicit NASH treatment. We found a suppressive effect of the NLC on the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in permeability of an epithelial layer in vitro. Using mice in which NASH was induced by a methionine and choline-deficient diet, we discovered that oral application of the NLC ameliorated the permeability increase in the intestinal barrier and attenuated steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in liver at a safe dose of active vitamin D3 at which the free form of active vitamin D3 did not show a therapeutic effect. These data suggest that the NLC is a novel therapeutic agent for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Mu
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Jinting Li
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Hinako Eto
- Department of Advanced Medical Initiatives, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Khadijah Zai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, Gifu University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University.,International Research Center for Molecular System, Kyushu University
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43
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Oliviero F, Galozzi P, Scanu A, Galuppini F, Lazzarin V, Brocco S, Ravagnan G, Sfriso P, Ramonda R, Spinella P, Punzi L, Pennelli G, Luisetto R. Polydatin Prevents Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal-Induced Arthritis in Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030929. [PMID: 33805648 PMCID: PMC7998880 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polydatin is a stilbenoid with important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating properties. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory preventive effect of polydatin in the mouse model of acute arthritis induced by calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals. METHODS Acute arthritis was induced by the injection of a suspension of sterile CPP crystals into the ankle joint of Balb/c mice. Animals were randomized to receive polydatin or colchicine (the control drug) according to a prophylactic and a therapeutic protocol. The primary outcome was the variation of ankle swelling obtained after crystal injection and treatment, while histological parameters such as leukocyte infiltration, IL-1ß and CXCL1 levels and tissue expression were considered as secondary outcomes. RESULTS Prophylactic treatment with PD significantly diminished ankle swelling after 48 h from crystal injection. Secondary outcomes such as leukocyte infiltration, necrosis, edema, and synovitis were also decreased. PD caused a reduction in circulating levels of IL-1ß and CXCL1, as well as their tissue expression. By contrast, the therapeutic administration of PD did not have any beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS PD can effectively prevent acute inflammatory response to crystals in the mouse model of CPP crystal-induced arthritis. These results suggest that this bioactive compound might be used in the prevention of crystal-induced acute attacks in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Oliviero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (A.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-8682
| | - Paola Galozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (A.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Anna Scanu
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (A.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Vanni Lazzarin
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Silvia Brocco
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giampietro Ravagnan
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo Sfriso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (A.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (P.G.); (A.S.); (P.S.); (R.R.)
| | - Paolo Spinella
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Punzi
- Centre for Gout and Metabolic Bone and Joint Diseases, Rheumatology, SS Giovanni and Paolo Hospital, 30122 Venice, Italy;
| | - Gianmaria Pennelli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (F.G.); (V.L.); (G.P.)
| | - Roberto Luisetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
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44
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Huang Y, Zhao W, Ouyang X, Wu F, Tao Y, Shi M. Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibits Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Proliferation by Abrogating Aerobic Glycolysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:645821. [PMID: 33763378 PMCID: PMC7982599 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.645821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) accounts for ~30% of all lung cancers and is one of the causes of cancer-related death worldwide. As the role of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in LUAD remains unclear, in this study, we examine how MAOA affects LUAD cell proliferation. Analyses of both public data and our data reveal that the expression of MAOA is downregulated in LUAD compared with non-tumor tissue. In addition, the expression of MAOA in tumors correlates with clinicopathologic features, and the expression of MAOA serves as an independent biomarker in LUAD. In addition, the overexpression of MAOA inhibits LUAD cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest in vitro. Further mechanistic studies show that MAOA abrogates aerobic glycolysis in LUAD cells by decreasing hexokinase 2 (HK2). Finally, the expression of HK2 shows a negative correlation with MAOA in LUAD, and high HK2 predicts poor clinical outcome. In conclusion, our findings indicate that MAOA functions as a tumor suppressor in LUAD. Our results indicate that the MAOA/HK2 axis could be potential targets in LUAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Laboratory Medicine/Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-Origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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45
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Zhang Z, Wen H, Peng B, Weng J, Zeng F. Downregulated microRNA-129-5p by Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1 Upregulates PEG3 Expression to Aggravate Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Genet 2021; 11:563265. [PMID: 33574830 PMCID: PMC7870803 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.563265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as inflammation-associated biological molecules with a specific role in the progression of liver fibrosis conditions including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p), and paternally expressed gene 3 (PEG3) on the biological activities of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) subjected to NASH. First, microarray-based analysis revealed upregulated PEG3 in NASH. Liver tissues from mice fed a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet exhibited increased expression of NEAT1 and PEG3 along with lower miR-129-5p expression. A series of in vitro and in vivo assays were then performed on HSCs after transfection with shPEG3, miR-129-5p mimic, or treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Results confirmed the alleviated fibrosis by restoring miR-129-5p, while depleting PEG3 or NEAT1, as evidenced by the inactivation of HSCs. To sum up, NEAT1 can bind specifically to miR-129-5p and consequently regulate miR-129-5p and PEG3 expression in relation to the HSC activation occurring in NASH. Thus, NEAT1-targeted inhibition against miR-129-5p presents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangjian Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanhong Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Xu Q, Xu J, Zhang K, Zhong M, Cao H, Wei R, Jin L, Gao Y. Study on the protective effect and mechanism of Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss (Acanthaceae) polysaccharide on immune liver injury induced by LPS. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111159. [PMID: 33370627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to use Dicliptera chinensis (L.) Juss (Acanthaceae) polysaccharide (DCP) to act on the NF-κB inflammatory pathway and Fas/FasL ligand system, in order to find a new method to improve immune liver injury. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish an injury model in vivo (Kunming mice) and in vitro (LO2 cells). In this experiment, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and related biochemical indicators were used to observe the pathological changes of liver tissues, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions. Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect protein or mRNA expressions associated with inflammation response and apoptosis. The experimental results show that the model group has obvious liver cell damage and inflammatory infiltration. After DCP intervention, it could significantly reduce the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBIL and MDA in serum, and increase the content of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, DCP can reduce the expression level of NF-κB in the liver and reduce the release of downstream inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β, thereby reducing the inflammation. At the same time, DCP can significantly inhibit the expression of Fas/FasL ligand system and apoptosis related-proteins and mRNA, which in turn can reduce cell apoptosis. In conclusion, DCP can alleviate liver injury by inhibiting liver inflammation and apoptosis, which provides a new strategy for clinical treatment of immune liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongmei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Riming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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47
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Khalil A, Tazeddinova D. The upshot of Polyphenolic compounds on immunity amid COVID-19 pandemic and other emerging communicable diseases: An appraisal. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:411-429. [PMID: 33057955 PMCID: PMC7558243 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00271-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds, which exert countless pharmacological, biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Their role in traditional medicine, such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs (thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil), has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections. This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19, and other viral infectious diseases. In fact, several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numerous human pathogens including SARS and MERS, which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms. Thus, polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID-19 and other rigorous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khalil
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Diana Tazeddinova
- Department of Food Technology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
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48
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Liu YL, Chen BY, Nie J, Zhao GH, Zhuo JY, Yuan J, Li YC, Wang LL, Chen ZW. Polydatin prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad/ERK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:62. [PMID: 32952652 PMCID: PMC7485305 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, irreversible interstitial lung disease, with no effective cure. Polydatin is a resveratrol glucoside with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, which is used for treating health-related disorders such as cardiac disabilities, various types of carcinoma, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of polydatin against bleomycin-induced IPF and the possible underlying mechanism. A549 cells were treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and polydatin to observe phenotypic transformation and the related gene expression was detected. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups and intratracheally infused with bleomycin to establish a pulmonary fibrosis model (the sham control group received saline). The rats were given pirfenidone (50 mg/kg), resveratrol (40 mg/kg) and polydatin (10, 40 and 160 mg/kg) for 28 days. The results demonstrated that polydatin had low toxicity to A549 cells and inhibited TGF-β1-induced phenotypic transformation as determined by MTS assay or observed using a light microscope. It also decreased the gene expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I and increased the gene expression levels of epithelial cell cadherin in vitro and in vivo by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Furthermore, polydatin ameliorated the pathological damage and fiber production in lung tissues found by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson trichrome staining. Polydatin administration markedly reduced the levels of hydroxyproline, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde and promoted total superoxide dismutase activity in lung tissues as determined using ELISA kits or biochemical reagent kits. It inhibited TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad 2 and 3 and ERK-1 and -2 in vivo as determined by western blot assays. These results suggest that polydatin protects against IPF via its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic activities, and the mechanism may be associated with its regulatory effect on the TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lu Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Yi Chen
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Juan Nie
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Zhao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yi Zhuo
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cui Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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49
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Zhao X, Yang Y, Yu H, Wu W, Sun Y, Pan Y, Kong L. Polydatin inhibits ZEB1-invoked epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fructose-induced liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13208-13222. [PMID: 33058500 PMCID: PMC7701525 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High fructose intake is a risk factor for liver fibrosis. Polydatin is a main constituent of the rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat liver fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of fructose-driven liver fibrosis as well as the actions of polydatin are not fully understood. In this study, fructose was found to promote zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) nuclear translocation, decrease microRNA-203 (miR-203) expression, increase survivin, activate transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signalling, down-regulate E-cadherin, and up-regulate fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP1), vimentin, N-cadherin and collagen I (COL1A1) in rat livers and BRL-3A cells, in parallel with fructose-induced liver fibrosis. Furthermore, ZEB1 nuclear translocation-mediated miR-203 low-expression was found to target survivin to activate TGF-β1/Smad signalling, causing the EMT in fructose-exposed BRL-3A cells. Polydatin antagonized ZEB1 nuclear translocation to up-regulate miR-203, subsequently blocked survivin-activated TGF-β1/Smad signalling, which were consistent with its protection against fructose-induced EMT and liver fibrosis. These results suggest that ZEB1 nuclear translocation may play an essential role in fructose-induced EMT in liver fibrosis by targeting survivin to activate TGF-β1/Smad signalling. The suppression of ZEB1 nuclear translocation by polydatin may be a novel strategy for attenuating the EMT in liver fibrosis associated with high fructose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanzi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang K, Xu Q, Gao Y, Cao H, Lian Y, Li Z, Xu J, Zhong M, Li J, Wei R, Dong J, Jin L. Polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis ameliorate liver disturbance by regulating TLR-4/NF-κB and AMPK/Nrf2 signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6397-6409. [PMID: 32337831 PMCID: PMC7294158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to alleviate liver disturbance by applying polysaccharides from Dicliptera chinensis (DCP) to act on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/ nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (AMPK/ Nrf2) oxidative stress pathway and the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)/ nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inflammatory pathway and to establish an in vivo liver disturbance model using male C57BL/6J and TLR-4 knockout (-/- ) mice. For this, we evaluated the expression levels of SREBP-1 and Nrf2 after silencing the expression of AMPK using siRNA technology. Our results show that with regard to the TLR-4/ NF-κB inflammatory pathway, DCP inhibits TLR-4, up-regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), reduces the expression of phospho(p)-NF-κB and leads to the reduction of downstream inflammatory factors, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response. Regarding the AMPK/ Nrf2 oxidative stress pathway, DCP up-regulates the expression of p-AMPK and Nrf2, in addition to regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and ameliorating liver disturbance symptoms. In summary, our study shows that DCP alleviates liver disturbances by inhibiting mechanisms used during liver inflammation and oxidative stress depression, which provides a new strategy for the clinical treatment of liver disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefeng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.,College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiongmei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ya Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Lian
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zimeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jiani Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Riming Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianghui Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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