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Li Z, Cheng W, Gao K, Liang S, Ke L, Wang M, Fan J, Li D, Zhang P, Xu Z, Li N. Pyroptosis: A spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in degenerative bone and joint diseases. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00247-9. [PMID: 38876191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As people age, degenerative bone and joint diseases (DBJDs) become more prevalent. When middle-aged and elderly people are diagnosed with one or more disorders such as osteoporosis (OP), osteoarthritis (OA), and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), it often signals the onset of prolonged pain and reduced functionality. Chronic inflammation has been identified as the underlying cause of various degenerative diseases, including DBJDs. Recently, excessive activation of pyroptosis, a form of programed cell death (PCD) mediated by inflammasomes, has emerged as a primary driver of harmful chronic inflammation. Consequently, pyroptosis has become a potential target for preventing and treating DBJDs. AIM OF REVIEW This review explored the physiological and pathological roles of the pyroptosis pathway in bone and joint development and its relation to DBJDs. Meanwhile, it elaborated the molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis within individual cell types in the bone marrow and joints, as well as the interplay among different cell types in the context of DBJDs. Furthermore, this review presented the latest compelling evidence supporting the idea of regulating the pyroptosis pathway for DBJDs treatment, and discussed the potential, limitations, and challenges of various therapeutic strategies involving pyroptosis regulation. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW In summary, an interesting identity for the unregulated pyroptosis pathway in the context of DBJDs was proposed in this review, which was undertaken as a spoiler of peaceful coexistence between cells in a degenerative environment. Over the extended course of DBJDs, pyroptosis pathway perpetuated its activity through crosstalk among pyroptosis cascades in different cell types, thus exacerbating the inflammatory environment throughout the entire bone marrow and joint degeneration environment. Correspondingly, pyroptosis regulation therapy emerged as a promising option for clinical treatment of DBJDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxiang Cheng
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kuanhui Gao
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Songlin Liang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liqing Ke
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jilin Fan
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging Science and System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000 China; Shandong Zhongke Advanced Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250300 China.
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Nianhu Li
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China.
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Tseng C, Liu SC, He XY, Chen HT, Hsiao PH, Fong YC, Tang CH. High glucose enhances fibrosis in human annulus fibrosus cells by activating mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:9460-9469. [PMID: 38814172 PMCID: PMC11210265 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Low back pain stands as a significant factor in disability, largely resulting from intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). High glucose (HG) levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IVDD. However, the detailed mechanism of HG in IVDD is largely unknown. Our clinical results revealed that fibrosis markers such as CTGF, Col1a1, ATF4, and EIF2 are highly expressed in advanced-stage IVDD patients. Stimulation of human annulus fibrosus cells (HAFCs) with HG, but not mannitol, promotes fibrosis protein production. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis in the GSE database found that the mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways were significantly changed during IVDD. The mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB inhibitors or siRNAs all abolished HG-induced fibrosis protein production. In addition, treatment of HAFCs with HG enhances the activation of mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways. Thus, HG facilitates fibrosis in IVDD through mTOR, PKCδ, and NF-κB pathways. These results underscore the critical role of HG as a fibrotic factor in the progression of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xiu-Yuan He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Te Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Fong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Zeng Z, Qin J, Guo L, Hirai T, Gui Z, Liu T, Su C, Yu D, Yan M. Prediction and Mechanisms of Spontaneous Resorption in Lumbar Disc Herniation: Narrative Review. Spine Surg Relat Res 2024; 8:235-242. [PMID: 38868799 PMCID: PMC11165499 DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2023-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The major symptoms of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are low back pain, radiative lower extremity pain, and lower limb movement disorder. Patients with LDH suffer from great distress in their daily life accompanied by severe economic hardship and difficulty in self-care, with an increasing tendency in the aging population. PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies of spontaneous resorption or regression in LDH after conservative treatment and for other potential studies, which included those from inception to June 30, 2023. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize previous literatures about spontaneous resorption in LDH and to discuss the mechanisms and influencing factors in order to assess the probability of spontaneous resorption by conservative treatment. Spontaneous resorption without surgical treatment is influenced by the types and sizes of the LDH, inflammatory responses, and therapeutic factors. If the lumbar disc herniated tissue comprises a higher percentage of cartilage or modic changes have been shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resorption in LDH is prevented. The bull's eye sign on enhanced MRI, which is a ring enhancement around a protruding disc, is a vital indicator for easy reabsorption. In addition, the type of extrusion and sequestration in LDH could forecast the higher feasibility of natural reabsorption. Moreover, the higher the proportion of protrusion on the intervertebral disc tissue within the spinal canal, the greater the likelihood of reabsorption. Therefore, which illustrates the feasibility of conservative treatments for LDH. Nonsurgical management of LDH with clinical symptoms is recommended by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhiheng Gui
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chen Su
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spine Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu L, Peng S, Shi B, Yu G, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Xiao W, Xu R. Bioinformatic analysis and identification of macrophage polarization-related genes in intervertebral disc degeneration. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:1891-1906. [PMID: 38883390 PMCID: PMC11170579 DOI: 10.62347/hbdy5086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between macrophage polarization-related genes (MPRGs) and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with IDD. METHODS Three transcriptome sequencing datasets, GSE124272, GSE70362 and GSE56081 were included in this study. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by overlapping DEGs1 from the GSE124272 and DEGs2 from the GSE70362. The key module genes associated with the score of MPRGs were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in GSE12472. Differentially expressed (DE)-MPRGs were acquired by overlapping key module genes and DEGs. Candidate genes were obtained by SVM-RFE algorithm. Biomarkers were obtained by expression level analysis. In addition, immune analysis, enrichment analysis and construction of a ceRNA network were completed. The blood samples from 9 IDD patients (IDD group) and 9 healthy individuals (Control group) were used to verify the expression levels of these biomarkers through RT-qPCR. RESULTS A sum of 39 DEGs were obtained by overlapping DEGs1 and DEGs2, and 1,633 key module genes were obtained by WGCNA. 9 DE-MPRGs were obtained by overlapping DEGs and key module genes, and ST6GALNAC2, SMIM3, and IFITM2 were identified as biomarkers. These biomarkers were enriched in KEGG_RIBOSOME pathway. Check-point, Cytolytic_activity, T_cell_co-stimulation, Neutrophils, Th2_cells and TIL differed between IDD and control groups. Some relationships such as SMIM3-hsa-miR-107-LINC02381 were identified in the network. Moreover, the functional analysis results of biomarkers showed that FITM2 and SMIM3 could predict IDD and nociceptive pain. The RT-qPCR showed that ST6GALNAC2 and IFITM2 were significantly expressed in IDD group in contrast to the control group. CONCLUSION The macrophage polarization related biomarkers (ST6GALNAC2, SMIM3 and IFITM2) were associated with IDD, among which IFITM2 could be considered as a key gene for IDD. This may provide a new direction for the biological treatment and mechanism research into IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin, China
- Department of Painology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shengxin Peng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine of Binzhou Medical University Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | | | - Wenshan Xiao
- Shandong First Medical University Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University Tianjin, China
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Huang Y, Qiu X, Liu J, Wan J, Yu C, Liu C, Duan Y, Chen C, Dai J, Ouyang J, Liu M, Min S, Qiu S. Identification of Biomarkers, Pathways, Immune Properties of Mitophagy Genes, and Prediction Models for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2959-2975. [PMID: 38764497 PMCID: PMC11102215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s461668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of low back pain (LBP). The mechanism of IDD development and progression is not fully understood. Peripheral biomarkers are increasingly vital non-radioactive methods in early detection and diagnosis for IDD. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to the role of mitophagy genes in the progress of IDD. This study aimed to identify the mitophagy disease-causing genes in the process of IDD and mitophagy diagnostic biomarkers for IDD. Methods Mitophagy-related differentially expressed genes (MRDEGs) related to IDD were investigated by analyzing the microarray datasets of IDD cases from GEO, PathCards and Molecular Signatures Databases. We used R software, WGCNA, PPI, mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-TF, GO, KEGG, GSEA, GSVA and Cytoscape to analyze and visualize the data. We further used ssGSEA for immunoinfiltration analysis to obtain different immune cell infiltration. LASSO model was developed to screen for genes that met the diagnostic gene model requirements. Finally, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and HE were used to verify hub genes and their expression from clinical IDD samples. Results We identified 14 MRDEGs and 12 hub genes. GO, KEGG, GSEA and GSVA analyses demonstrated that hub genes were critical for the development of IDD. LASSO diagnostic model consisted of six hub genes, among which SQSTM1, ATG7 and OPTN were significantly different between the two IDD disease subtypes. At the same time, SQSTM1 also had a high correlation with immune characteristic subtypes. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting also indicated that these genes were significantly differentially expressed in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) of the IDD group. Conclusion We explored an association between MRDEGs-associated signature in IDD and validated that hub genes like SQSTM1 might serve as biomarkers for diagnostic and therapeutic targets for IDD. Meanwhile, this study can provide new insights into the functional characteristics and mechanism of mitophagy in the development of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiong Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianshuai Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Heyou Hospital, Foshan, 528333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Wan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics & National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Heyou Hospital, Foshan, 528333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoxiong Min
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spine Surgery, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, People’s Republic of China
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Bonilla AF, Sikes KJ, Burton LH, Chow L, Kurihara J, Santangelo K, Dow SW, Easley JT. Immunization against nucleus pulposus antigens to accelerate degenerative disc disease in a rabbit model. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382652. [PMID: 38803805 PMCID: PMC11128595 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain poses a significant societal burden, with progressive intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) emerging as a pivotal contributor to chronic pain. Improved animal models of progressive IDD are needed to comprehensively investigate new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to managing IDD. Recent studies underscore the immune system's involvement in IDD, particularly with regards to the role of immune privileged tissues such as the nucleus pulposus (NP) becoming an immune targeting following initial disc injury. We therefore hypothesized that generating an active immune response against NP antigens with an NP vaccine could significantly accelerate and refine an IDD animal model triggered by mechanical puncture of the disc. To address this question, rabbits were immunized against NP antigens following disc puncture, and the impact on development of progressive IDD was assessed radiographically, functionally, and histologically compared between vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals over a 12-week period. Immune responses to NP antigens were assessed by ELISA and Western blot. We found that the vaccine elicited strong immune responses against NP antigens, including a dominant ~37 kD antigen. Histologic evaluation revealed increases IDD in animals that received the NP vaccine plus disc puncture, compared to disc puncture and vaccine only animals. Imaging evaluation evidenced a decrease in disc height index and higher scores of disc degeneration in animals after disc punctures and in those animals that received the NP vaccine in addition to disc puncture. These findings therefore indicate that it is possible to elicit immune responses against NP antigens in adult animals, and that these immune responses may contribute to accelerated development of IDD in a novel immune-induced and accelerated IDD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres F. Bonilla
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Katie J. Sikes
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lindsey H. Burton
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kelly Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Immunotherapy Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jeremiah T. Easley
- Preclinical Surgical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Chen Z, Chen C, Yang X, Zhou Y, Cao X, Han C, Zhou T, Zhao J, Qin A. Dysfunction of STING Autophagy Degradation in Senescent Nucleus Pulposus Cells Accelerates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2370-2387. [PMID: 38725841 PMCID: PMC11077376 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.88534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) is complex and multifactorial, with cellular senescence of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and inflammation playing major roles in the progression of IDD. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) axis is a key mediator of inflammation during infection, cellular stress, and tissue damage. Here, we present a progressive increase in STING in senescent NP cells with the degradation disorder. The STING degradation function in normal NP cells can prevent IDD. However, the dysfunction of STING degradation through autophagy causes the accumulation and high expression of STING in senescent NP cells as well as inflammation continuous activation together significantly promotes IDD. In senescent NP cells and intervertebral discs (IVDs), we found that STING autophagy degradation was significantly lower than that of normal NP cells and IVDs when STING was activated by 2'3'-cGAMP. Also, the above phenomenon was found in STINGgt/gt, cGAS-/- mice with models of age-induced, lumbar instability-induced IDD as well as found in the rat caudal IVD puncture models. Taken together, we suggested that the promotion of STING autophagy degradation in senescent NP Cells demonstrated a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tangjun Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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Liu W, Li HM, Bai G. Construction of a novel mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA triple subnetwork associated with immunity and aging in intervertebral disc degeneration. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38555595 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2334353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is one of the most common causes of low back pain. However, in the etiology of IVDD, the specific method by which nucleus pulposus (NP) cell senescence and the immune response induce disease is uncertain. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs), differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs), and differentially expressed circRNAs (DE circRNAs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed through Enrichr database. Potential regulatory miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs of mRNAs were predicted by ENCORI and circBank, respectively. RESULTS We identified 198 upregulated and 131 downregulated genes, 39 upregulated and 22 downregulated miRNAs, 2152 upregulated and 564 downregulated lncRNAs, and 352 upregulated and 279 downregulated circRNAs as DEGs, DE miRNAs, DE lncRNAs, DE circRNAs, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that they were significantly enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling route and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. An mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA network linked to the pathogenesis of NP cells in IVDD was constructed based on node degree and differential expression level. Eight immune-related DEGs (6 upregulated and 2 downregulated genes) and five aging-related DEGs (3 upregulated and 2 downregulated genes) were identified in the critical network. CONCLUSION We established a novel immune-related and aging-related triple regulatory network of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA/circRNA ceRNA, among which all RNAs may be utilized as the pathogenesis biomarker of NP cells in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, P R China
| | - Guangchao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, P R China
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Liu W, Li HM, Bai G. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of ferroptosis-related gene signature in inflammation and immunity in intervertebral disc degeneration. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38531048 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2332403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis has recently been shown to play a significant role in the progression of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD), although the underlying mechanism is still unknown. The objective of this work was to use stringent bioinformatic techniques to clarify the crucial roles played by genes associated with ferroptosis in the emergence of IDD. For additional study, the microarray data pertinent to the IDD were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The ferroptosis-related and IDD-related genes (FIDDRGs) were identified using a variety of bioinformatic techniques, which were also used to carry out function enrichment analysis, protein-protein correlation analysis, build the correlation regulatory network, and examine the potential connections between ferroptosis and immune abnormalities and inflammatory responses in IDD. A total of 16 FIDDRGs were eliminated for the further function enrichment analysis, and 10 hub FIDDRGs were chosen to build the correlation regulatory network. Hub FIDDRGs were shown to be highly associated with M2 macrophages and hub inflammatory response-related genes in IDD. When seen as a whole, our findings can give fresh perspectives on the mechanistic studies of ferroptosis in the emergence of IDD and new prospective targets for the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Li
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guangchao Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang, PR China
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Zhao X, Zhang J, Liu J, Yuan J, Wu T, Cheng X. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles of annulus fibrosus subtypes and hub genes in intervertebral disc degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5370-5386. [PMID: 38484139 PMCID: PMC11006460 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been considered a major cause of low back pain. Therefore, further molecular subtypes of IVDD and identification of potential critical genes are urgently needed. First, consensus clustering was used to classify patients with IVDD into two subtypes and key module genes for subtyping were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Then, key module genes for the disease were identified by WGCNA. Subsequently, SVM and GLM were used to identify hub genes. Based on the above genes, a nomogram was constructed to predict the subtypes of IVDD. Finally, we find that ROM1 is lowered in IVDD and is linked to various cancer prognoses. The present work offers innovative diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for molecular subtypes of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Intervertebral Disc Disease, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xigao Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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11
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McKinley JP, O'Connell GD. Review of state-of-the-art micro and macro-bioreactors for the intervertebral disc. J Biomech 2024; 165:111964. [PMID: 38412621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lower back pain continues to be a global epidemic, limiting quality of life and ability to work, due in large part to symptomatic disc degeneration. Development of more effective and less invasive biological strategies are needed to treat disc degeneration. In vitro models such as macro- or micro-bioreactors or mechanically active organ-chips hold great promise in reducing the need for animal studies that may have limited clinical translatability, due to harsher and more complex mechanical loading environments in human discs than in most animal models. This review highlights the complex loading conditions of the disc in situ, evaluates state-of-the-art designs for applying such complex loads across multiple length scales, from macro-bioreactors that load whole discs to organ-chips that aim to replicate cellular or engineered tissue loading. Emphasis was placed on the rapidly evolving more customizable organ-chips, given their greater potential for studying the progression and treatment of symptomatic disc degeneration. Lastly, this review identifies new trends and challenges for using organ-chips to assess therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P McKinley
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
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12
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Compte R, Freidin MB, Granville Smith I, Le Maitre CL, Vaitkute D, Nessa A, Lachance G, Williams FMK. No evidence of association between either Modic change or disc degeneration and five circulating inflammatory proteins. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1323. [PMID: 38529326 PMCID: PMC10961713 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intervertebral disc degeneration and Modic change are the main spinal structural changes associated with chronic low back pain (LBP). Both conditions are thought to manifest local inflammation and if inflammatory proteins translocate to the blood circulation could be detected systemically. The work here assesses whether the presence of disc degeneration is associated with detectable blood level changes of five inflammatory markers and whether chronic LBP is associated with these changes. Materials and Methods Two hundred and forty TwinsUK cohort participants with both MRI disc degeneration grade and Modic change extent, and IL-6, IL-8, IL-8 TNF, and CX3CL1 protein blood concentration measurements were included in this work. Linear mixed effects models were used to test the association of blood cytokine concentration with disc degeneration score and Modic change volumetric score. Association of chronic LBP status from questionnaires with disc degeneration, Modic change, and cytokine blood concentration was also tested. Results No statistically significant association between disc degeneration or Modic change with cytokine blood concentration was found. Instead, regression analysis pointed strong association between cytokine blood concentration with body mass index for IL-6 and with age for IL-6 and TNF. Mild association was found between IL-8 blood concentration and body mass index. Additionally, LBP status was associated with Modic change volumetric score but not associated with any cytokine concentration. Conclusions We found no evidence that Modic change and disc degeneration are able to produce changes in tested blood cytokine concentration. However, age and body mass index have strong influence on cytokine concentration and both are associated with the conditions studied which may confound associations found in the literature. It is then unlikely that cytokines produced in the disc or vertebral bone marrow induce chronic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Compte
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Maxim B. Freidin
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural SciencesQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Dovile Vaitkute
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ayrun Nessa
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Genevieve Lachance
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic EpidemiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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13
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Heggli I, Teixeira GQ, Iatridis JC, Neidlinger‐Wilke C, Dudli S. The role of the complement system in disc degeneration and Modic changes. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1312. [PMID: 38312949 PMCID: PMC10835744 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Disc degeneration and vertebral endplate bone marrow lesions called Modic changes are prevalent spinal pathologies found in chronic low back pain patients. Their pathomechanisms are complex and not fully understood. Recent studies have revealed that complement system proteins and interactors are dysregulated in disc degeneration and Modic changes. The complement system is part of the innate immune system and plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis. However, its dysregulation has also been associated with various pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Here, we review the evidence for the involvement of the complement system in intervertebral disc degeneration and Modic changes. We found that only a handful of studies reported on complement factors in Modic changes and disc degeneration. Therefore, the level of evidence for the involvement of the complement system is currently low. Nevertheless, the complement system is tightly intertwined with processes known to occur during disc degeneration and Modic changes, such as increased cell death, autoantibody production, bacterial defense processes, neutrophil activation, and osteoclast formation, indicating a contribution of the complement system to these spinal pathologies. Based on these mechanisms, we propose a model how the complement system could contribute to the vicious cycle of tissue damage and chronic inflammation in disc degeneration and Modic changes. With this review, we aim to highlight a currently understudied but potentially important inflammatory pathomechanism of disc degeneration and Modic changes that may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Heggli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and RheumatologyBalgrist University Hospital, Balgrist Campus, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of OrthopaedicsIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Stefan Dudli
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and RheumatologyBalgrist University Hospital, Balgrist Campus, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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14
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Tang X, Lin S, Luo H, Wang L, Zhong J, Xiong J, Lv H, Zhou F, Wan Z, Cao K. ATG9A as a potential diagnostic marker of intervertebral disc degeneration: Inferences from experiments and bioinformatics analysis incorporating sc-RNA-seq data. Gene 2024; 897:148084. [PMID: 38104954 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disfunctional autophagy plays a pivotal role in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) progression. however, the connection between Autophagy-related gene 9A (ATG9A) and IDD has not been reported. METHODS Firstly, transcriptome datasets from the GEO and Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) from GeneCards were carried out using R. Following this, IDD-specific signature genes were identified through methods such as least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) analyses. Validation of these findings proceeded through in vitro experiments, evaluation of independent datasets, and analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Subsequent steps incorporated co-expression analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and construction of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The final section established the correlation between immune cell infiltration, ATG9A, and IDD utilizing the CIBERSORT algorithm and single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing data. RESULTS Research identified 87 differentially expressed genes, with only ATG9A noted as an IDD signature gene. Analysis of in vitro experiments and independent datasets uncovered a decrease in ATG9A expression within the degeneration group. The area under the curve (AUC) of ATG9A exceeded 0.8 following ROC analysis. Furthermore, immune cell infiltration and scRNA sequencing data analysis elucidated the substantial role of immune cells in IDD progression. A ceRNA network was constructed, centered around ATG9A, included 4 miRNAs and 22 lncRNAs. CONCLUSION ATG9A was identified as a diagnostic gene for IDD, indicating its viability as a effective target for therapy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Tang
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Sijian Lin
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Junlong Zhong
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Jiachao Xiong
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Hao Lv
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Faxin Zhou
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Zongmiao Wan
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Orthopedic Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China.
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15
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Tian S, Chen X, Wu W, Lin H, Qing X, Liu S, Wang B, Xiao Y, Shao Z, Peng Y. Nucleus pulposus cells regulate macrophages in degenerated intervertebral discs via the integrated stress response-mediated CCL2/7-CCR2 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:408-421. [PMID: 38316963 PMCID: PMC10907345 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP), which is a primary cause of disability, is largely attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Macrophages (MΦs) in degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) form a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, but how MΦs are recruited to degenerative segments and transform into a proinflammatory phenotype remains unclear. We evaluated chemokine expression in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) to clarify the role of NPCs in the establishment of an inflammatory microenvironment in IDD and explored the mechanisms. We found that the production of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 7 (CCL7) was significantly increased in NPCs under inflammatory conditions, and blocking CCL2/7 and their receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 2(CCR2), inhibited the inductive effects of NPCs on MΦ infiltration and proinflammatory polarization. Moreover, activation of the integrated stress response (ISR) was obvious in IDD, and ISR inhibition reduced the production of CCL2/7 in NPCs. Further investigation revealed that activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) responded to ISR activation, and ChIP-qPCR verified the DNA-binding activity of ATF3 on CCL2/7 promoters. In addition, we found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibition modulated ISR activation, and TLR4 regulated the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Downregulating the level of mtROS reduced the amount of dsRNA and ISR activation. Deactivating the ISR or blocking CCL2/7 release alleviated inflammation and the progression of IDD in vivo. Moreover, MΦ infiltration and IDD were inhibited in CCR2-knockout mice. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of TLR4/mtROS/dsRNA axis-mediated ISR activation in the production of CCL2/7 and the progression of IDD, which provides promising therapeutic strategies for discogenic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanzuo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangcheng Qing
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - BaiChuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yizhong Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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16
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Gu J, Zhou X, Xie L. Significance of Oxidative Stress in the Diagnosis and Subtype Classification of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:193-207. [PMID: 37314550 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10412-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common illness of aging, and its pathophysiological process is mainly manifested by cell aging and apoptosis, an imbalance in the production and catabolism of extracellular matrix, and an inflammatory response. Oxidative stress (OS) is an imbalance that decreases the body's intrinsic antioxidant defense system and/or raises the formation of reactive oxygen species and performs multiple biological functions in the body. However, our current knowledge of the effect of OS on the progression and treatment of IVDD is still extremely limited. In this study, we obtained 35 DEGs by differential expression analysis of 437 OS-related genes (OSRGs) between IVDD patients and healthy individuals from GSE124272 and GSE150408. Then, we identified six hub OSRGs (ATP7A, MELK, NCF1, NOX1, RHOB, and SP1) from 35 DEGs, and the high accuracy of these hub genes was confirmed by constructing ROC curves. In addition, to forecast the risk of IVDD patients, we developed a nomogram. We obtained two OSRG clusters (clusters A and B) by consensus clustering based on the six hub genes. Then, 3147 DEGs were obtained by differential expression analysis in the two clusters, and all samples were further divided into two gene clusters (A and B). We investigated differences in immune cell infiltration levels between different clusters and found that most immune cells had higher infiltration levels in OSRG cluster B or gene cluster B. In conclusion, OS is important in the formation and progression of IVDD, and we believe that our work will help guide future research on OS in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China.
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17
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Li XC, Wang W, Jiang C, Chen YL, Chen JH, Zhang ZW, Luo SJ, Chen RC, Mo PF, Zhong ML, Shi JY, Huang CM, Chen Q, Wu YH. CD206 + M2-like macrophages protect against intervertebral disc degeneration partially by targeting R-spondin-2. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:66-81. [PMID: 37802465 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the specific function of M2 macrophages in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). METHODS Intervertebral disc (IVD) samples from normal (n = 4) and IDD (n = 6) patients were collected, and the expression of M2-polarized macrophage marker, CD206, was investigated using immunohistochemical staining. Nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in a TNF-α environment were obtained, and a mouse caudal IVD puncture model was established. Mice with Rheb deletions, specifically in the myeloid lineage, were generated and subjected to surgery-induced IDD. IDD-induced damage and cell apoptosis were measured using histological scoring, X-ray imaging, immunohistochemical staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Finally, mice and NPCs were treated with R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) or anti-Rspo2 to investigate the role of Rspo2 in IDD. RESULTS Accumulation of CD206 in human and mouse IDD tissues was detected. Rheb deletion in the myeloid lineage (RheBcKO) increased the number of CD206+ M2-like macrophages (mean difference 18.6% [15.7-21.6%], P < 0.001), decreased cell apoptosis (mean difference -15.6% [-8.9 to 22.2%], P = 0.001) and attenuated the IDD process in the mouse IDD model. NPCs treated with Rspo2 displayed increased extracellular matrix catabolism and apoptosis; co-culture with a conditioned medium derived from RheBcKO mice inhibited these changes. Anti-Rspo2 treatment in the mouse caudal IVD puncture model exerted protective effects against IDD. CONCLUSIONS Promoting CD206+ M2-like macrophages could reduce Rspo2 secretion, thereby alleviating experimental IDD. Rheb deletion may help M2-polarized macrophages accumulate and attenuate experimental IDD partially by inhibiting Rspo2 production. Hence, M2-polarized macrophages and Rspo2 may serve as therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, No.89 XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, Guangdong, China; Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Long Chen
- Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiong-Hui Chen
- Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China; Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University, No. 2, Wenming East Road, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Shao-Jian Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, No.89 XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong-Chun Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping-Fan Mo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiang-You Shi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital, No.89 XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, Guangdong, China; Central Laboratory of Orthopedics, Gaozhou People's Hospital, XiGuan Rd, Gaozhou 525200, China.
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yao-Hong Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, No.16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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18
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Gao Y, Chen X, Zheng G, Lin M, Zhou H, Zhang X. Current status and development direction of immunomodulatory therapy for intervertebral disk degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1289642. [PMID: 38179277 PMCID: PMC10764593 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1289642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is a main factor in lower back pain, and immunomodulation plays a vital role in disease progression. The IVD is an immune privileged organ, and immunosuppressive molecules in tissues reduce immune cell (mainly monocytes/macrophages and mast cells) infiltration, and these cells can release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, disrupting the IVD microenvironment and leading to disease progression. Improving the inflammatory microenvironment in the IVD through immunomodulation during IVDD may be a promising therapeutic strategy. This article reviews the normal physiology of the IVD and its degenerative mechanisms, focusing on IVDD-related immunomodulation, including innate immune responses involving Toll-like receptors, NOD-like receptors and the complement system and adaptive immune responses that regulate cellular and humoral immunity, as well as IVDD-associated immunomodulatory therapies, which mainly include mesenchymal stem cell therapies, small molecule therapies, growth factor therapies, scaffolds, and gene therapy, to provide new strategies for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiyue Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Guan Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Maoqiang Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Disease Research of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China
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19
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Wang N, Mi Z, Chen S, Fang X, Xi Z, Xu W, Xie L. Analysis of global research hotspots and trends in immune cells in intervertebral disc degeneration: A bibliometric study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2274220. [PMID: 37941392 PMCID: PMC10760394 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2274220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is an important pathological basis for spinal degenerative diseases. The imbalance of the immune microenvironment and the involvement of immune cells has been shown to lead to nucleus pulposus cells death. This article presents a bibliometric analysis of studies on immune cells in IDD in order to clarify the current status and hotspots. We searched the WOSCC, Scopus and PubMed databases from 01/01/2001 to 08/03/2023. We analyzed and visualized the content using software such as Citespace, Vosviewer and the bibliometrix. This study found that the number of annual publications is increasing year on year. The journal study found that Spine had the highest number of articles and citations. The country/regions analysis showed that China had the highest number of publications, the USA had the highest number of citations and total link strength. The institutional analysis found that Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Huazhong University of Science Technology had the highest number of publications, Tokai University had the highest citations, and the University of Bern had the highest total link strength. Sakai D and Risbud MV had the highest number of publications. Sakai D had the highest total link strength, and Risbud MV had the highest number of citations. The results of the keyword analysis suggested that the current research hotspots and future directions continue to be the study of the mechanisms of immune cells in IDD, the therapeutic role of immune cells in IDD and the role of immune cells in tissue engineering for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Mi
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Jiang W, Glaeser JD, Kaneda G, Sheyn J, Wechsler JT, Stephan S, Salehi K, Chan JL, Tawackoli W, Avalos P, Johnson C, Castaneda C, Kanim LEA, Tanasansomboon T, Burda JE, Shelest O, Yameen H, Perry TG, Kropf M, Cuellar JM, Seliktar D, Bae HW, Stone LS, Sheyn D. Intervertebral disc human nucleus pulposus cells associated with back pain trigger neurite outgrowth in vitro and pain behaviors in rats. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg7020. [PMID: 38055799 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is often associated with the degeneration of human intervertebral discs (IVDs). However, the pain-inducing mechanism in degenerating discs remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified a subtype of locally residing human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), generated by certain conditions in degenerating discs, that was associated with the onset of discogenic back pain. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human tissues showed a strong correlation between a specific cell subtype and the pain condition associated with the human degenerated disc, suggesting that they are pain-triggering. The application of IVD degeneration-associated exogenous stimuli to healthy NPCs in vitro recreated a pain-associated phenotype. These stimulated NPCs activated functional human iPSC-derived sensory neuron responses in an in vitro organ-chip model. Injection of stimulated NPCs into the healthy rat IVD induced local inflammatory responses and increased cold sensitivity and mechanical hypersensitivity. Our findings reveal a previously uncharacterized pain-inducing mechanism mediated by NPCs in degenerating IVDs. These findings could aid in the development of NPC-targeted therapeutic strategies for the clinically unmet need to attenuate discogenic LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Jiang
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Juliane D Glaeser
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Giselle Kaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jacob T Wechsler
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stephen Stephan
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Julie L Chan
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Wafa Tawackoli
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Pablo Avalos
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Christopher Johnson
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Chloe Castaneda
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Linda E A Kanim
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Teerachat Tanasansomboon
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Center of Excellence in Biomechanics and Innovative Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Joshua E Burda
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Oksana Shelest
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Haneen Yameen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Israeli Institute of Technology Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Tiffany G Perry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael Kropf
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jason M Cuellar
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Israeli Institute of Technology Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hyun W Bae
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Laura S Stone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Israeli Institute of Technology Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopaedic Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Tang H, Zhang S, Lu X, Geng T. Effects of puerarin on the intervertebral disc degeneration and biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:12-22. [PMID: 36524765 PMCID: PMC9762855 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2147548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the pathological basis of spinal degenerative diseases. Puerarin (PU) is an isoflavonoid with functions and medicinal properties. OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of PU on IDD and its potential mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham, IDD, low PU, and high PU groups. Rat nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were isolated and divided into control, IL-1β, 100 and 200 μmol/mL PU, TAK-242 (TLR4 inhibitor), or 200 μmol/mL PU + LPS (TLR4 activator) groups. The water content, inflammatory factors, proliferation activity, TLR4/NF-κB pathway activity, apoptosis rate, protein expression of apoptosis, and histology of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were analysed. RESULTS In vivo: Compared with the IDD group, disorganization of intervertebral disc tissue was significantly improved, water content (2.80 ± 0.24 mg, 3.91 ± 0.31 mg vs. 2.02 ± 0.21 mg) and expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan were significantly increased, and the levels of inflammatory factors and the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65 were significantly decreased in IDD rats treated with PU. In vitro: Compared with the IL-1β group, the proliferation activity of IL-1β-treated NPCs and the expression of collagen II and aggrecan were significantly increased, while the apoptosis rate, levels of inflammatory factors, and the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65 were significantly decreased in IL-1β-treated NPCs treated with PU. LPS reversed the biological function changes of IL-1β-treated NPCs induced by PU. CONCLUSIONS PU can delay the progression of IDD by inhibiting activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtao Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinchang Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongyu Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shangqiu First People’s Hospital, Shangqiu, China
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22
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Crump KB, Alminnawi A, Bermudez‐Lekerika P, Compte R, Gualdi F, McSweeney T, Muñoz‐Moya E, Nüesch A, Geris L, Dudli S, Karppinen J, Noailly J, Le Maitre C, Gantenbein B. Cartilaginous endplates: A comprehensive review on a neglected structure in intervertebral disc research. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1294. [PMID: 38156054 PMCID: PMC10751983 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The cartilaginous endplates (CEP) are key components of the intervertebral disc (IVD) necessary for sustaining the nutrition of the disc while distributing mechanical loads and preventing the disc from bulging into the adjacent vertebral body. The size, shape, and composition of the CEP are essential in maintaining its function, and degeneration of the CEP is considered a contributor to early IVD degeneration. In addition, the CEP is implicated in Modic changes, which are often associated with low back pain. This review aims to tackle the current knowledge of the CEP regarding its structure, composition, permeability, and mechanical role in a healthy disc, how they change with degeneration, and how they connect to IVD degeneration and low back pain. Additionally, the authors suggest a standardized naming convention regarding the CEP and bony endplate and suggest avoiding the term vertebral endplate. Currently, there is limited data on the CEP itself as reported data is often a combination of CEP and bony endplate, or the CEP is considered as articular cartilage. However, it is clear the CEP is a unique tissue type that differs from articular cartilage, bony endplate, and other IVD tissues. Thus, future research should investigate the CEP separately to fully understand its role in healthy and degenerated IVDs. Further, most IVD regeneration therapies in development failed to address, or even considered the CEP, despite its key role in nutrition and mechanical stability within the IVD. Thus, the CEP should be considered and potentially targeted for future sustainable treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Crump
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Ahmad Alminnawi
- GIGA In Silico MedicineUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Paola Bermudez‐Lekerika
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Roger Compte
- Twin Research & Genetic EpidemiologySt. Thomas' Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Francesco Gualdi
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Terence McSweeney
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Estefano Muñoz‐Moya
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrea Nüesch
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Liesbet Geris
- GIGA In Silico MedicineUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Biomechanics Research Unit, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Stefan Dudli
- Center of Experimental RheumatologyDepartment of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Physical Medicine and RheumatologyBalgrist University Hospital, Balgrist Campus, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jaro Karppinen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational HealthOuluFinland
- Rehabilitation Services of South Karelia Social and Health Care DistrictLappeenrantaFinland
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication TechnologiesUniversitat Pompeu FabraBarcelonaSpain
| | - Christine Le Maitre
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Benjamin Gantenbein
- Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics & Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Medical FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, InselspitalBern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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23
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Karpenko DV. Immune Privileges as a Result of Mutual Regulation of Immune and Stem Systems. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1818-1831. [PMID: 38105201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Immune privileges of cancer stem cells is a well-known and widely studied problem, as presence of such cells in tumors is associated with refractoriness, recurrence, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also suggests presence of immune privileges in non-pathological stem cells in addition to their other defense mechanisms against damaging factors. This similarity between pathological and normal stem cells raises the question of why stem cells have such a potentially dangerous property. Regulation of vital processes of autoimmunity control and regeneration realized through interactions between immune cells, stem cells, and their microenvironment are reviewed in this work as causes of formation of the stem cell immune privilege. Deep mutual integration between regulations of stem and immune cells is noted. Considering diversity and complexity of mutual regulation of stem cells, their microenvironment, and immune system, I suggest the term "stem system".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy V Karpenko
- Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulation of Hematopoiesis, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, 125167, Russia.
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24
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Karchevskaya AE, Poluektov YM, Korolishin VA. Understanding Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Background Factors and the Role of Initial Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2714. [PMID: 37893088 PMCID: PMC10604877 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is complex and multifactorial, and it is still not fully understood. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of IVDD will help to improve treatment regimens and avoid unnecessary surgical aggression. In order to summarize recent research data on IVDD pathogenesis, including genetic and immune factors, a literature review was conducted. The pathogenesis of IVDD is a complex multifactorial process without an evident starting point. There are extensive data on the role of the different genetic factors affecting the course of the disease, such as mutations in structural proteins and enzymes involved in the immune response. However, these factors alone are not sufficient for the development of the disease. Nevertheless, like mechanical damage, they can also be considered risk factors for IVDD. In conclusion, currently, there is no consensus on a single concept for the pathogenesis of IVDD. We consider the intervertebral disc autoimmune damage hypothesis to be the most promising hypothesis for clinicians, because it can be extrapolated to all populations and does not counteract other factors. The genetic factors currently known do not allow for building effective predictive models; however, they can be used to stratify the risks of individual populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Karchevskaya
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerova Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia;
- Medical Faculty, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri M. Poluektov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilov Str. 32, 119334 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 4th-Tverskaya-Yamskaya Str. 16, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy A. Korolishin
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education Studies, 2/1 Barrikadnaya Str., Building 1, 125993 Moscow, Russia;
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25
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Francisco V, Ait Eldjoudi D, González-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Cordero-Barreal A, Marques P, Sanz MJ, Real JT, Lago F, Pino J, Farrag Y, Gualillo O. Metabolomic signature and molecular profile of normal and degenerated human intervertebral disc cells. Spine J 2023; 23:1549-1562. [PMID: 37339697 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an incurable, specific treatment-orphan disease with an increasing burden worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to develop new regenerative therapies, their clinical success is limited. PURPOSE Characterize the metabolomic and gene expression changes underpinning human disc degeneration. This study also aimed to disclose new molecular targets for developing and optimizing novel biological approaches for IVDD. STUDY DESIGN Intervertebral disc cells were obtained from IVDD patients undergoing circumferential arthrodesis surgery or from healthy subjects. Mimicking the harmful microenvironment of degenerated discs, cells isolated from the nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the adipokine leptin. The metabolomic signature and molecular profile of human disc cells were unraveled for the first time. METHODS The metabolomic and lipidomic profiles of IVDD and healthy disc cells were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS). Gene expression was investigated by SYBR green-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Altered metabolites and gene expression were documented. RESULTS Lipidomic analysis revealed decreased levels of triacylglycerols (TG), diacylglycerol (DG), fatty acids (FA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylinositols (LPI) and sphingomyelin (SM), and increased levels of bile acids (BA) and ceramides, likely promoting disc cell metabolism changing from glycolysis to fatty acid oxidation and following cell death. The gene expression profile of disc cells suggests LCN2 and LEAP2/GHRL as promising molecular therapeutic targets for disc degeneration and demonstrates the expression of genes related to inflammation (NOS2, COX2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, and TNF-α) or encoding adipokines (PGRN, NAMPT, NUCB2, SERPINE2, and RARRES2), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP9 and MMP13), and vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM1). CONCLUSIONS Altogether, the presented results disclose the NP and AF cell biology changes from healthy to degenerated discs, allowing the identification of promising molecular therapeutic targets for intervertebral disc degeneration. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results are relevant to improving current biological-based strategies aiming to repair IVD by restoring cellular lipid metabolites as well as adipokines homeostasis. Ultimately, our results will be valuable for successful, long-lasting relief of painful IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Francisco
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Calle Menéndez y Pelayo nº4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María González-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cordero-Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- University Clinic Hospital of Valencia and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Calle Menéndez y Pelayo, nº4, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Sanz
- University Clinic Hospital of Valencia and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Calle Menéndez y Pelayo, nº4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA and Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Calle Menéndez y Pelayo nº4, 46010 Valencia, Spain; CIBERDEM-Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders, ISCIII, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, Av. de Blasco Ibáñez nº15, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Lab, Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Tr.ª da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhang Z, Huo J, Ji X, Wei L, Zhang J. GREM1, LRPPRC and SLC39A4 as potential biomarkers of intervertebral disc degeneration: a bioinformatics analysis based on multiple microarray and single-cell sequencing data. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:729. [PMID: 37700277 PMCID: PMC10498557 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) has drawn much widespread attention and is a major global health concern. In this field, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is frequently the focus of classic studies. However, the mechanistic foundation of IVDD is unclear and has led to conflicting outcomes. METHODS Gene expression profiles (GSE34095, GSE147383) of IVDD patients alongside control groups were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the GEO database. GSE23130 and GSE70362 were applied to validate the yielded key genes from DEGs by means of a best subset selection regression. Four machine-learning models were established to assess their predictive ability. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was used to profile the correlation between overall immune infiltration levels with Thompson grades and key genes. The upstream targeting miRNAs of key genes (GSE63492) were also analyzed. A single-cell transcriptome sequencing data (GSE160756) was used to define several cell clusters of nucleus pulposus (NP), annulus fibrosus (AF), and cartilaginous endplate (CEP) of human intervertebral discs and the distribution of key genes in different cell clusters was yielded. RESULTS By developing appropriate p-values and logFC values, a total of 6 DEGs was obtained. 3 key genes (LRPPRC, GREM1, and SLC39A4) were validated by an externally validated predictive modeling method. The ssGSEA results indicated that key genes were correlated with the infiltration abundance of multiple immune cells, such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Accordingly, these 4 key miRNAs (miR-103a-3p, miR-484, miR-665, miR-107) were identified as upstream regulators targeting key genes using the miRNet database and external GEO datasets. Finally, the spatial distribution of key genes in AF, CEP, and NP was plotted. Pseudo-time series and GSEA analysis indicated that the expression level of GREM1 and the differentiation trajectory of NP chondrocytes are generally consistent. GREM1 may mainly exacerbate the degeneration of NP cells in IVDD. CONCLUSIONS Our study gives a novel perspective for identifying reliable and effective gene therapy targets in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhaoLiang Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - JianZhong Huo
- Taiyuan Central Hospital, Ninth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Southern Fendong Road 256, Taiyuan, ShanXi, 030009, China.
| | - XingHua Ji
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - LinDong Wei
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
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Liu XW, Xu HW, Yi YY, Zhang SB, Wang SJ. Role of ferroptosis and immune infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration: novel insights from bioinformatics analyses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170758. [PMID: 37736497 PMCID: PMC10509768 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), which contributes to stenosis of the spinal segment, commonly causes lower back pain. The process of IVDD degradation entails gradual structural adjustments accompanied by extreme transformations in metabolic homeostasis. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with IVDD are poorly understood. Methods: The RNA-sequencing datasets GSE34095 and GSE56081 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from these gene sets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established and visualized using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and the key functional modules of ferroptosis-related genes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune infiltration analysis in the GEO database, and other GSE series were used as validation datasets. The xCELL algorithm was performed to investigate the immune cell infiltration differences between the degenerated IVDD and control groups. Results: The major genes involved in nucleus pulposus tissue immune infiltration and ferroptosis-related genes were mined by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 3,056 DEGs were obtained between the IVDD tissue and control groups. The DEGs were enriched in the cell cycle; apoptosis; necroptosis; and the PI3K-Akt, Hippo, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. PCR and Western blot techniques were utilized to confirm the differential ferroptosis-related genes. The results indicated that the protein expression levels of NCOA4 and PCBP1 were elevated, while the protein expression level of GPX4 was reduced in NPCs following IL-1β treatment. Our study has found that severe disc tissue degeneration leads to a noteworthy increase in the expression of CD8A in naive T cells, CCR7 in memory CD4+ cells, GZMB in natural killer (NK) cells, and CD163 and CD45 in macrophages. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that ferroptosis occurs in IVDD, suggesting that ferroptosis may also increase IVDD improvement by triggering immune infiltration. This work was conducted to further understand IVDD pathogenesis and identify new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Wei Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Yi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Bao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Jin Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic, East Hospital, Ji’an Hospital, Jinggangshan University School of Medicine, Jiangxi, China
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Zhao X, Sun Z, Xu B, Duan W, Chang L, Lai K, Ye Z. Degenerated nucleus pulposus cells derived exosome carrying miR-27a-3p aggravates intervertebral disc degeneration by inducing M1 polarization of macrophages. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:317. [PMID: 37667246 PMCID: PMC10478255 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major contributor to spinal disorders. Previous studies have indicated that the infiltration of immunocytes, specifically macrophages, plays a crucial role in the advancement of IVDD. Exosomes (exo) are believed to play a significant role in intercellular communication. This study aims to investigate the role of exosomes derived from degenerated nucleus pulposus (dNPc) in the process of macrophages M1 polarization. METHODS Nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue and nucleus pulposus cells (NPc) were collected from patients with intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and idiopathic scoliosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed to determine the number of M1 macrophages in NP tissue. Subsequently, exosomes derived from degenerated NP cells (dNPc-exo) and non-degenerated NP cells (nNPc-exo) were collected and co-cultured with M0 macrophages, which were induced from THP-1 cells. The M1 phenotype was assessed using western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and qRT-PCR. RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted to examine the expression levels of microRNAs in the dNPc-exo and nNPc-exo groups, and qRT-PCR was performed to investigate the effect pf different microRNA to induce macrophage polarization. Furthermore, western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to demonstrate the regulatory effect of microRNAs carried by dNPc-exo on downstream target signaling pathways in macrophages. Finally, an animal model of IVDD was utilized to investigate the impact of dNPc-exo on inducing M1 polarization of macrophages and its role in the IVDD process. RESULTS In this study, we observed an increase in the number of M1 macrophages as the intervertebral disc (IVD) degraded. Additionally, we discovered that dNPc releases exosomes (dNPc-exo) could promote the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype. Notably, through RNA-sequencing analysis of dNPc-exo and nNPc-exo groups, we identified miR-27a-3p as a highly expressed miRNA in the dNPc-exo group, which significantly influences the induction of M1 polarization of macrophages. And then, we discovered that dNPc-exo has the ability to transport miR-27a-3p and target the PPARγ/NFκB/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby influencing the M1 polarization of macrophages. We conducted experiments using rat model of IVDD and observed that the exosomes carrying miR-27a-3p actually induced the M1 polarization of macrophages and exacerbated the degradation of IVD. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings highlight the significant role of dNPc-exo in IVDD process and provide a basis for further investigation into the mechanism of IVDD and the potential of exosome-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Western Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Western Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Benchi Xu
- Xi'an Medical University, 710021, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Western Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Western Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
| | - Kangwei Lai
- Xi'an Medical University, 710021, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengxu Ye
- Department of Orthopedic, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Western Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shannxi Provence, P. R. China
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Li H, Pan H, Xiao C, Li H, Long L, Wang X, Luo S, Lyu K, Chen Y, Jiang L, Lu J, Shen H, Li S. IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses in intervertebral disc degeneration: Mechanisms, signaling pathways, and therapeutic potential. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19951. [PMID: 37809657 PMCID: PMC10559578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has been widely recognized as the primary cause of low back pain and is one of the major chronic diseases imposing a severe socioeconomic burden worldwide. IDD is a degenerative process characterized by inflammatory responses, and its underlying pathological mechanisms remain complex. Genetic, developmental, biochemical, and biomechanical factors contribute to the development of IDD. There is a pressing need for an effective non-surgical treatment, mainly due to the lack of comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms involved and the effective therapeutic targets for IDD. Recently, interleukin (IL)-1β has been recognized as an essential inflammatory factor and a key mediator of the inflammatory process in IDD. Current studies have found that IL-1β is mainly involved in IDD by affecting the metabolism of the extracellular matrix and regulating cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis (a new form of RCD). Although analysis of clinical samples from different laboratories confirmed how IL-1β is induced in IDD, its specific signal transduction pathway, and the inflammatory role mediated in IDD remains unclear. This review describes the molecules and mechanisms involved in IL-1β-mediated inflammatory responses, and their roles in resolving the inflammatory process in IDD. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in IL-1β may lead to a new class of targets that promote remission for IDD patients. This review aims to provide a framework for the treatment of IDD by analyzing the signaling mechanism and function related to IL-1β, especially in terms of inflammation, matrix metabolism, and cell death regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Changming Xiao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanyue Li
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyu Luo
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kexin Lyu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- School of Physical Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huarui Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Sen Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
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Xu H, Li J, Fei Q, Jiang L. Contribution of immune cells to intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential of immunotherapy. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:413-427. [PMID: 37161923 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2212051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports that chronic low back pain is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is accompanied by decreased cell activity and matrix degradation. The role of immune cells, especially macrophages, in a variety of diseases has been extensively studied; therefore, their role in IDD has naturally attracted widespread scholarly interest. The IVD is considered to be an immunologically-privileged site given the presence of physical and biological barriers that include an avascular microenvironment, a high proteoglycan concentration, high physical pressure, the presence of apoptosis inducers such as Fas ligand, and the presence of notochordal cells. However, during IDD, immune cells with distinct characteristics appear in the IVD. Some of these immune cells release factors that promote the inflammatory response and angiogenesis in the disc and are, therefore, important drivers of IDD. Although some studies have elucidated the role of immune cells, no specific strategies related to systemic immunotherapy have been proposed. Herein, we summarize current knowledge of the presence and role of immune cells in IDD and consider that immunotherapy targeting immune cells may be a novel strategy for alleviating IDD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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Zhang L, Gao J, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang C, Liu J, Dong H, Mei W. Astragaloside IV relieves IL-1β-induced human nucleus pulposus cells degeneration through modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34815. [PMID: 37603510 PMCID: PMC10443759 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial disease that is associated with nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration and inflammation. Astragaloside IV (AS IV) has antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects. This study was to investigate whether AS IV could inhibit IL-1β-mediated apoptosis of HNP cells and its possible signal transduction pathway. METHODS Human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) were stimulated with AS IV or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), followed by exposure to IL-1β for 24 hours. CCK8, TUNEL analysis and flow cytometry, ELISA and Western blotting were used to analyze the effects of AS IV on cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, ECM and PI3K/Akt pathway signaling path-related proteins in IL-1β-induced HNPCs. RESULTS Compared with IL-1β-induced HNPCs, AS IV could improve the proliferation activity and the expressions of Collagen II, Aggrecan and Bcl-2 proteins, inhibit the apoptosis rate, inflammation and Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression, and increase the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway. LY294002 attenuated the protective effect of AS IV against IL-1β-induced HNPCs degeneration. CONCLUSION AS IV can inhibit IL-1β-induced HNPCs apoptosis inflammation and ECM degeneration by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which can be an effective drug to reduce disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junsheng Gao
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhentao Li
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Mei
- Orthopedics, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Huang H, Liu X, Wang J, Suo M, Zhang J, Sun T, Zhang W, Li Z. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1215698. [PMID: 37601097 PMCID: PMC10439242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1215698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is thought to be a major contributor to low back pain, the etiology of which is complex and not yet fully understood. To compensate for the lack of drug and surgical treatment, mesenchymal stem cells have been proposed for regenerative treatment of intervertebral discs in recent years, and encouraging results have been achieved in related trials. Mesenchymal stem cells can be derived from different parts of the body, among which mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the fetal umbilical cord have excellent performance in terms of difficulty of acquisition, differentiation potential, immunogenicity and ethical risk. This makes it possible for umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to replace the most widely used bone marrow-derived and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells as the first choice for regenerating intervertebral discs. However, the survival of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells within the intervertebral disc is a major factor affecting their regenerative capacity. In recent years biomaterial scaffolds in tissue engineering have aided the survival of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by mimicking the natural extracellular matrix. This seems to provide a new idea for the application of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. This article reviews the structure of the intervertebral disc, disc degeneration, and the strengths and weaknesses of common treatment methods. We focus on the cell source, cell characteristics, mechanism of action and related experiments to summarize the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and explore the feasibility of tissue engineering technology of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Samanta A, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Intervertebral disc degeneration-Current therapeutic options and challenges. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1156749. [PMID: 37483952 PMCID: PMC10359191 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1156749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a normal part of aging. Due to the spine's declining function and the development of pain, it may affect one's physical health, mental health, and socioeconomic status. Most of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) therapies today focus on the symptoms of low back pain rather than the underlying etiology or mechanical function of the disc. The deteriorated disc is typically not restored by conservative or surgical therapies that largely focus on correcting symptoms and structural abnormalities. To enhance the clinical outcome and the quality of life of a patient, several therapeutic modalities have been created. In this review, we discuss genetic and environmental causes of IVDD and describe promising modern endogenous and exogenous therapeutic approaches including their applicability and relevance to the degeneration process.
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Zhou D, Song C, Mei Y, Cheng K, Liu F, Cai W, Gao S, Wang Z, Liu Z. A review of Duhuo Jisheng decoction mechanisms in intervertebral disc degeneration in vitro and animal studies. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:436. [PMID: 37322524 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has become a serious public health problem, placing a heavy burden on society and the healthcare system. Its pathogenesis is not completely clear and may be closely related to mechanical damage, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and death of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). The treatment of IVDD mainly includes conservative treatment and surgery. Conservative treatment is based on hormonal and anti-inflammatory drugs and massage techniques, which can relieve the pain symptoms to a certain extent, but cannot solve the problem from the root cause. Surgical treatment is mainly by removing the herniated nucleus pulposus, but it is more traumatic for IVDD patients, expensive and not suitable for all patients. Therefore, it is extremely important to clarify the pathogenesis of IVDD, to find an effective and convenient treatment and to further elaborate its mechanism of action. The effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IVDD has been well demonstrated in clinical medical research. We have been working on the Chinese herbal formula Duhuo Jisheng Decoction, which is a common formula for the treatment of degenerative disc disease. Not only does it have significant clinical effects, but it also has few adverse effects. At present, we found that its mechanism of action mainly involves regulation of inflammatory factors, reduction of apoptosis and pyroptosis of NPCs, inhibition of extracellular matrix degradation, improvement of intestinal flora, etc. However, a few relevant articles have yet comprehensively and systematically summarized the mechanisms by which they exert their effect. Therefore, this paper will comprehensively and systematically explain on it. This is of great clinical significance and social value for elucidating the pathogenesis of IVDD and improving the symptoms of patients, and will provide a theoretical basis and scientific basis for the treatment of IVDD with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongliang Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weiye Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Silong Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
- Luzhou Longmatan District People's Hospital, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China.
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Li G, Kang Y, Feng X, Wang G, Yuan Y, Li Z, Du L, Xu B. Dynamic changes of enhancer and super enhancer landscape in degenerated nucleus pulposus cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201854. [PMID: 37012048 PMCID: PMC10070812 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cascade and extracellular matrix remodeling have been identified as pivotal pathological factors in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but the mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of transcription during nucleus pulposus (NP) cell degeneration remain elusive. Super-enhancers (SEs) are large clusters of adjacent lone enhancers, which control expression modes of cellular fate and pathogenic genes. Here, we showed that SEs underwent tremendous remodeling during NP cell degeneration and that SE-related transcripts were most abundant in inflammatory cascade and extracellular matrix remodeling processes. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 7, a transcriptional kinase-mediated transcriptional initiation in trans-acting SE complex, constricted the transcription of inflammatory cascades, and extracellular matrix remodeling-related genes such as IL1β and MMP3 in NP cells, meanwhile, also restrained the transcription of Mmp16, Tnfrsf21, and Il11ra1 to retard IDD in rats. In summary, our findings clarify SEs control the transcription of genes associated with inflammatory cascade and extracellular matrix remodeling during NP cell degeneration and identify inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase 7, required for SE-mediated transcriptional activation, as a therapeutic option for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowang Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxiang Kang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangling Feng
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Sun Z, Wang H, Ning R, Xu L, Zhao Y, Yang K, Xi X, Tian J. MAPK8 and CAPN1 as potential biomarkers of intervertebral disc degeneration overlapping immune infiltration, autophagy, and ceRNA. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188774. [PMID: 37325630 PMCID: PMC10266224 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most common health problems in the elderly and a major causative factor in low back pain (LBP). An increasing number of studies have shown that IDD is closely associated with autophagy and immune dysregulation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify autophagy-related biomarkers and gene regulatory networks in IDD and potential therapeutic targets. Methods We obtained the gene expression profiles of IDD by downloading the datasets GSE176205 and GSE167931 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public database. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, gene ontology (GO), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed to explore the biological functions of DEGs. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DE-ARGs) were then crossed with the autophagy gene database. The hub genes were screened using the DE-ARGs protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The correlation between the hub genes and immune infiltration and the construction of the gene regulatory network of the hub genes were confirmed. Finally, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the correlation of hub genes in a rat IDD model. Results We obtained 636 DEGs enriched in the autophagy pathway. Our analysis revealed 30 DE-ARGs, of which six hub genes (MAPK8, CTSB, PRKCD, SNCA, CAPN1, and EGFR) were identified using the MCODE plugin. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that there was an increased proportion of CD8+ T cells and M0 macrophages in IDD, whereas CD4+ memory T cells, neutrophils, resting dendritic cells, follicular helper T cells, and monocytes were much less abundant. Subsequently, the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using 15 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 21 microRNAs (miRNAs). In quantitative PCR (qPCR) validation, two hub genes, MAPK8 and CAPN1, were shown to be consistent with the bioinformatic analysis results. Conclusion Our study identified MAPK8 and CAPN1 as key biomarkers of IDD. These key hub genes may be potential therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Longyu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Xi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Baht GS, Grol MW. Editorial: The immune system and inflammation in musculoskeletal health, aging, and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1218118. [PMID: 37275852 PMCID: PMC10233133 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1218118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet S. Baht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Matthew W. Grol
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Ozden M, Silav ZK. Correlations of Disc Tissue Pathological Changes With Pfirrmann Grade in Patients With Disc Herniation Treated With Microdiscectomy. Cureus 2023; 15:e37913. [PMID: 37220462 PMCID: PMC10200016 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reveal whether pathological disc changes (vascularization, inflammation, disc aging and senescence as assessed with immunohistopathological CD34, CD68, brachyury and P53 staining densities respectively) are associated with the extent of disease (Pfirrmann grade) and lumbar radicular pain in patients with lumbar disc herniation. We selectively included a homogenous group of 32 patients (16 males and 16 females) with single-level sequestered discs who had disease stages between Pfirrmann grades I to IV and excluded patients with the complete collapse of the disc space to determine histopathological correlations of the disease more precisely. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pathological assessments were performed on surgically excised disc specimens stored in a -80°C refrigerator. Preoperative and postoperative pain intensities were determined with visual analog scales (VASs). Pfirrmann disc degeneration grades were determined on routine T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Stainings were especially observed with CD34 and CD68, which positively correlated with each other and Pfirrmann grading but not with VAS scores or patients' age. Weak nuclear staining with brachyury was observed in 50% of patients and did not correlate with disease features. Focal weak staining with P53 was only seen in the disc specimen of two patients. CONCLUSIONS In the pathogenesis of disc disease, inflammation may trigger angiogenesis. The subsequent aberrant increase of oxygen perfusion in the disc cartilage may cause further damage, as the disc tissue is adapted to hypoxia. This vicious cycle of inflammation and angiogenesis may be a future innovative therapeutic target for chronic degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Ozden
- Neurosurgery, Memorial Bahcelievler Hospital, Istanbul, TUR
| | - Zuhal K Silav
- Pathology, Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Bakirkoy, TUR
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Kuhn A, Riegger J, Teixeira GQ, Huber-Lang M, Lambris JD, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Brenner RE. Terminal Complement Activation Is Induced by Factors Released from Endplate Tissue of Disc Degeneration Patients and Stimulates Expression of Catabolic Enzymes in Annulus Fibrosus Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060887. [PMID: 36980228 PMCID: PMC10047197 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal complement complex (TCC) deposition was identified in human degenerated discs. To clarify the role of terminal complement activation in disc degeneration (DD), we investigated respective activating mechanisms and cellular effects in annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. Isolated cells from human AF, nucleus pulposus (NP), and endplate (EP) were stimulated with human serum alone or with zymosan and treated with either the C3 inhibitor Cp40 or the C5 antibody eculizumab. Complement activation was determined via anaphylatoxin generation and TCC deposition detection. Thereby, induced catabolic effects were evaluated in cultured AF cells. Moreover, C5 cleavage under degenerative conditions in the presence of AF cells was assessed. Zymosan-induced anaphylatoxin generation and TCC deposition was significantly suppressed by both complement inhibitors. Zymosan induced gene expression of ADAMTS4, MMP1, and COX2. Whereas the C3 blockade attenuated the expression of ADAMTS4, the C5 blockade reduced the expression of ADAMTS4, MMP1, and COX2. Direct C5 cleavage was significantly enhanced by EP conditioned medium from DD patients and CTSD. These results indicate that terminal complement activation might be functionally involved in the progression of DD. Moreover, we found evidence that soluble factors secreted by degenerated EP tissue can mediate direct C5 cleavage, thereby contributing to complement activation in degenerated discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Kuhn
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)731-500-63280
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Bari E, Perteghella S, Rassu G, Gavini E, Petretto GL, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Torre ML. Sericin/crocetin micro/nanoparticles for nucleus pulposus cells regeneration: An “active” drug delivery system. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1129882. [PMID: 36969863 PMCID: PMC10036567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1129882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Initiation and progression of intervertebral disk degeneration are linked to oxidative stress, with reactive oxygen species being a key factor. Therefore, as a potentially novel approach able to regenerate the damaged intervertebral disk, this work aimed to prepare an “active per sé” drug delivery system by combining sericin and crocetin: both are bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulant and regenerative properties.Methods: In detail, sericin nanoparticles were prepared using crocetin as a cross-linker; then, the nanoparticle dispersions were dried by spray drying as it is (NP), with an excess of sericin (NPS) or crocin/crocetin (NPMix), obtaining three microparticle formulations.Results and Discussion: Before drying, the nanoparticles were nanometric (about 250 nm), with a negative surface charge, and appeared spherical and smooth. Following the drying process, spherical and smooth microparticles were obtained, with a mean diameter of about 1.7–2.30 μm. NPMix was the most active in antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities, likely due to the excess of crocin/crocetin, while NPS had the best anti-elastase activity, likely due to sericin in excess. Furthermore, all the formulations could prevent oxidative stress damage on nucleus pulposus cells, with NPMix being the best. Overall, the intrinsic anti-tyrosinase and anti-elastase activities and the ability to protect from oxidative stress-induced damages justify future investigations of these “active per sé” formulations in treating or preventing intervertebral disk degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanna Rassu,
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Wu XT, Wan BW, Feng XM, Tao YP, Wang YX, Sun HH. Nucleus Pulposus Cells Induce M2 Polarization of RAW264.7 via CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Pathway and M2 Macrophages Promote Proliferation and Anabolism of Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6400162. [PMID: 37274023 PMCID: PMC10234370 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying M2 macrophage polarization induced by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are unclear. The effects that M2-polarized macrophages have on NP cells are also controversial. Methods Transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the gene change profiles between NP cells from ruptured intervertebral disc (IVD) and normal IVD. The main difference on biological activities between the two cell groups were analyzed by GO analysis and KEGG analysis. Virus transduction, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, western blot, CCK-8, TUNEL staining, and AO/EB staining were performed to explore the interactions between NP cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Statistics were performed using SPSS26. Results 801 upregulated and 276 downregulated genes were identified in NP cells from ruptured IVD in mouse models. According to GO and KEGG analysis, we found that the differentially expressed genes (DEG) were dominantly enriched in inflammatory response, extracellular matrix degradation, blood vessel morphogenesis, immune effector process, ossification, chemokine signaling pathway, macrophage activation, etc. CX3CL1 was one of the top 20% DEG, and we confirmed that both NP tissue and cells expressed remarkably higher level of CX3CL1 in mouse models (p < 0.001∗). Besides, we further revealed that both the recombinant CX3CL1 and NP cells remarkably induced M2 polarization of RAW264.7 (p < 0.001∗), respectively, while this effect was significantly reversed by si-CX3CL1 or JMS-17-2 (p < 0.001∗). Furthermore, we found that M2 macrophages significantly decreased the apoptosis rate (p < 0.001∗) and the catabolic gene levels (p < 0.001∗) of NP cells, while increased the viability, proliferation as well as the anabolic gene levels of NP cells (p < 0.01∗). Conclusions Via regulating CX3CL1/CX3CR1 pathway, NP cells can induce the M2 macrophage polarization. M2 polarized macrophages can further promote NP cell viability, proliferation, and anabolism, while inhibit NP cell apoptosis and catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Wu
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
- Spine Department, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bo-Wen Wan
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tao
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Wang
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Hui-Hui Sun
- Spine Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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Establishment of Ferroptosis-Related Key Gene Signature and Its Validation in Compression-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:9020236. [PMID: 36819777 PMCID: PMC9937767 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell death and functional loss of nucleus pulposus cell play essential roles in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Ferroptosis is a newly identified cell death type, and its role in IDD is still under investigation. Identifying the key genes of ferroptosis in IDD helps to identify the therapeutic targets of IDD. In this study, we downloaded the human IDD mRNA microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and ferroptosis genes from FerrDb, then performed a series of analyses using strict bioinformatics algorithms. In general, we obtained 40 ferroptosis-related differential expression genes (FerrDEGs) and identified six ferroptosis key gene signatures, namely, ATF3, EIF2S1, AR, NQO1, TXNIP, and AKR1C3. In addition, enrichment analysis of the FerrDEGs was conducted, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed, the correlations between ferroptosis key genes and immune infiltrating cells were analyzed, and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed. In particular, ATF3 and EIF2S1 showed the strongest correlation with immune cell function, which might lead to the development of IDD. Finally, the expressions of ferroptosis key genes were verified in the rat compression-induced IDD. In conclusion, this preliminary study analyzed and verified the mechanism of ferroptosis in IDD, laid a foundation for the follow-up study of the mechanism of ferroptosis in IDD, and provided new targets for preventing and delaying IDD.
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Guo TZ, Shi X, Li WW, Wei T, Sahbaie P, Clark JD, Kingery WS. Pronociceptive autoantibodies in the spinal cord mediate nociceptive sensitization, loss of function, and spontaneous pain in the lumbar disk puncture model of chronic back pain. Pain 2023; 164:421-434. [PMID: 35976729 PMCID: PMC9823152 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Previously, we observed that B cells and autoantibodies mediated chronic nociceptive sensitization in the mouse tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome and that complex regional pain syndrome patient antibodies were pronociceptive in fracture mice lacking mature B cells and antibodies (muMT). The current study used a lumbar spinal disk puncture (DP) model of low back pain in wild-type (WT) and muMT mice to evaluate pronociceptive adaptive immune responses. Spinal disks and cords were collected 3 weeks after DP for polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. Wild-type DP mice developed 24 weeks of hindpaw mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, grip weakness, and a conditioned place preference response indicative of spontaneous pain, but pain responses were attenuated or absent in muMT DP mice. Spinal cord expression of inflammatory cytokines, immune cell markers, and complement components were increased in WT DP mice and in muMT DP mice. Dorsal horn immunostaining in WT DP mice demonstrated glial activation and increased complement 5a receptor expressionin spinal neurons. Serum collected from WT DP mice and injected into muMT DP mice caused nociceptive sensitization, as did intrathecal injection of IgM collected from WT DP mice, and IgM immune complexes were observed in lumbar spinal disks and cord of WT DP mice. Serum from WT tibia fracture mice was not pronociceptive in muMT DP mice and vice versa, evidence that each type of tissue trauma chronically generates its own unique antibodies and targeted antigens. These data further support the pronociceptive autoimmunity hypothesis for the transition from tissue injury to chronic musculoskeletal pain state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-zhi Guo
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoyou Shi
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wen-wu Li
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tzuping Wei
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Peyman Sahbaie
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - J. David Clark
- Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System Palo Alto, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Wade S. Kingery
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
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Li X, Luo S, Fan W, Jiang C, Wang W, Chen J, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Qiu Z, Tan D, Huang C, Wang M, Bai X. Influence of macrophage polarization in herniated nucleus pulposus tissue on clinical efficacy after lumbar discectomy. JOR Spine 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Chuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Shao‐Jian Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Wu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Wei Wang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Jiong‐Hui Chen
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Yong‐Long Chen
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Zhen‐Wu Zhang
- Graduate School of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Guangdong China
| | - Zhen‐Hua Qiu
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Dan‐Qin Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Chun‐Ming Huang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Mao‐Sheng Wang
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
| | - Xiao‐Chun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base of Gaozhou People's Hospital Maoming Guangdong China
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Xia Y, Wang H, Yang R, Hou Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Fu C. Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair degenerated intervertebral discs by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1051606. [PMID: 36756124 PMCID: PMC9900107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of lower back pain. Although IVDD cannot directly cause death, it can cause pain, psychological burdens, and economic burdens to patients. Current conservative treatments for IVDD can relieve pain but cannot reverse the disease. Patients who cannot tolerate pain usually resort to a strategy of surgical resection of the degenerated disc. However, the surgical removal of IVDD can affect the stability of adjacent discs. Furthermore, the probability of the reherniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) after surgery is as high as 21.2%. Strategies based on tissue engineering to deliver stem cells for the regeneration of nucleus purposes (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) have been extensively studied. The developed biomaterials not only locally withstand the pressure of the IVD but also lay the foundation for the survival of stem cells. However, the structure of IVDs does not provide sufficient nutrients for delivered stem cells. The role of immune mechanisms in IVDD has recently become clear. In IVDD, the IVD that was originally in immune privilege prevents the attack of immune cells (mainly effector T cells and macrophages) and aggravates the disease. Immune regulatory and inflammatory factors released by effector T cells, macrophages, and the IVD further aggravate IVDD. Reversing IVDD by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment is a potential approach for the treatment of the disease. However, the biological factors modulating the inflammatory microenvironment easily degrade in vivo. It makes it possible for different biomaterials to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD. In this review, we have discussed the structures of IVDs and the immune mechanisms underlying IVDD. We have described the immune mechanisms elicited by different biological factors, including tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, transforming growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, and reactive oxygen species in IVDs. Finally, we have discussed the biomaterials used to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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Velnar T, Gradisnik L. Endplate role in the degenerative disc disease: A brief review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:17-29. [PMID: 36687189 PMCID: PMC9846967 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The degenerative disease of the intervertebral disc is nowadays an important health problem, which has still not been understood and solved adequately. The vertebral endplate is regarded as one of the vital elements in the structure of the intervertebral disc. Its constituent cells, the chondrocytes in the endplate, may also be involved in the process of the intervertebral disc degeneration and their role is central both under physiological and pathological conditions. They main functions include a role in homeostasis of the extracellular environment of the intervertebral disc, metabolic support and nutrition of the discal nucleus and annulus beneath and the preservation of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, it is understandable that the cells in the endplate have been in the centre of research from several viewpoints, such as development, degeneration and growth, reparation and remodelling, as well as treatment strategies. In this article, we briefly review the importance of vertebral endplate, which are often overlooked, in the intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Velnar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
| | - Lidija Gradisnik
- Alma Mater Europaea Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Maribor, University of Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia
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Feng P, Che Y, Gao C, Zhu L, Gao J, Vo NV. Immune exposure: how macrophages interact with the nucleus pulposus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155746. [PMID: 37122738 PMCID: PMC10140429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a primary contributor to low back pain. Immune cells play an extremely important role in modulating the progression of IDD by interacting with disc nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Encased within the annulus fibrosus, healthy NP is an avascular and immune-privileged tissue that does not normally interact with macrophages. However, under pathological conditions in which neovascularization is established in the damaged disc, NP establishes extensive crosstalk with macrophages, leading to different outcomes depending on the different microenvironmental stimuli. M1 macrophages are a class of immune cells that are predominantly pro-inflammatory and promote inflammation and ECM degradation in the NP, creating a vicious cycle of matrix catabolism that drives IDD. In contrast, NP cells interacting with M2 macrophages promote disc tissue ECM remodeling and repair as M2 macrophages are primarily involved in anti-inflammatory cellular responses. Hence, depending on the crosstalk between NP and the type of immune cells (M1 vs. M2), the overall effects on IDD could be detrimental or regenerative. Drug or surgical treatment of IDD can modulate this crosstalk and hence the different treatment outcomes. This review comprehensively summarizes the interaction between macrophages and NP, aiming to highlight the important role of immunology in disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Feng
- School of Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Che
- School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bone Setting Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Gao
- Department of Spine, Wangjing Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jinghua Gao, ; Nam V. Vo,
| | - Nam V. Vo
- Ferguson Laboratory for Orthopedic and Spine Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jinghua Gao, ; Nam V. Vo,
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Li W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, He Z, Zhang L, Yuan B, Li C, Luo Z, Gao B, Yan M. Deciphering the sequential changes of monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD with longitudinal approach using single-cell transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090637. [PMID: 36817437 PMCID: PMC9929188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with intricate connections between immune infiltration and oxidative stress (OS). Complex cell niches exist in degenerative intervertebral disk (IVD) and interact with each other and regulate the disk homeostasis together. However, few studies have used longitudinal approach to describe the immune response of IDD progression. Here, we conducted conjoint analysis of bulk-RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing, together with a series of techniques like weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), immune infiltration analysis, and differential analysis, to systematically decipher the difference in OS-related functions of different cell populations within degenerative IVD tissues, and further depicted the longitudinal alterations of immune cells, especially monocytes/macrophages in the progression of IDD. The OS-related genes CYP1A1, MMP1, CCND1, and NQO1 are highly expressed and might be diagnostic biomarkers for the progression of IDD. Further landscape of IVD microenvironment showed distinct changes in cell proportions and characteristics at late degeneration compared to early degeneration of IDD. Monocytes/macrophages were classified into five distinct subpopulations with different roles. The trajectory lineage analysis revealed transcriptome alterations from effector monocytes/macrophages and regulatory macrophages to other subtypes during the evolution process and identified monocytes/macrophage subpopulations that had rapidly experienced the activation of inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. This study further proposed that personalized therapeutic strategies are needed to be formulated based on specific monocyte/macrophage subtypes and degenerative stages of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingjing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongchun Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijian He
- Department of Sports Teaching and Research, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengfei Li
- Department of Aerospace Medical Training, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojing Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Guo W, Mu K, Li WS, Gao SX, Wang LF, Li XM, Zhao JY. Identification of mitochondria-related key gene and association with immune cells infiltration in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Genet 2023; 14:1135767. [PMID: 36968589 PMCID: PMC10030706 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1135767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration and its inflammatory microenvironment can result in discogenic pain, which has been shown to stem from the nucleus pulposus (NP). Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial related genes are strictly connected to cell functionality and, importantly, it can regulate cell immune activity in response to damaged associated signals. Therefore, identification of mitochondria related genes might offer new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for IVD degeneration. In this study, we identified key genes involved in NP tissue immune cell infiltration during IVD degeneration by bioinformatic analysis. The key modules were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WCGNA). Characteristic genes were identified by random forest analysis. Then gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the signaling pathways associated with the signature genes. Subsequently, CIBERSORT was used to classify the infiltration of immune cells. Function of the hub gene was confirmed by PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. Finally, we identified MFN2 as a crucial molecule in the process of NP cell pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We speculate that the increased MFN2 expression in NP tissue along with the infiltration of CD8+ T cells, NK cell and neutrophils play important roles in the pathogenesis of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
| | - Kun Mu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Shuai Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shun-Xing Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Feng Wang, ; Xiao-Ming Li,
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Feng Wang, ; Xiao-Ming Li,
| | - Jian-Yong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine, Cangzhou, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Osteoarthrosis Research, Cangzhou, China
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Zhang F, Cui D, Wang K, Cheng H, Zhai Y, Jiao W, Wang Z, Cui X, Yu H. Identifification and validation of ferroptosis signatures and immune infifiltration characteristics associated with intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Genet 2023; 14:1133615. [PMID: 36911415 PMCID: PMC9992550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1133615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis and immune infiltration play an important role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, there is still a lack of comprehensive analysis on the interaction between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and immune microenvironment in IDD patients. Therefore, this study aims to explore the correlation between FRGs characteristics and immune infiltration in the progression of IDD. The expression profiles (GSE56081 and GSE70362) and FRGs were downloaded from the comprehensive gene expression omnibus (GEO) and FerrDb database, respectively, and the differences were analyzed using R. The intersection of IDD related differential genes (DEGs) and FRGs was taken as differentially expressed FRGs (DE-FRGs) and GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was conducted. Then, we used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to screen feature genes and draw ROC curve judge the diagnostic value of key DE-FRGs. Then CIBERSORT algorithm is used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells and analyze the correlation between key DE-FRGs and immune infiltration. Based on the analysis results, we conducted single gene GSEA analysis on key DE-FRGs. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry further verified the clinical value of the results of biochemical analysis and screening. Seven key DE-FRGs were screened, including the upregulated genes NOX4 and PIR, and the downregulated genes TIMM9, ATF3, ENPP2, FADS2 and TFAP2A. Single gene GSEA analysis further elucidates the role of DE-FRGs in IDD associated with ferroptosis. Correlation analysis showed that seven key DE-FRGs were closely related to immune infiltration in the development of IDD. Finally, RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that NOX4, ENPP2, FADS2 and TFAP2A were statistically significant differences. In this study, we explored the connection between ferroptosis related characteristics and immune infiltration in IDD, and confirmed that NOX4, ENPP2, FADS2, and TFAP2A may become biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Di Cui
- Medical School of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Kangkang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- Medical School of Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yunlei Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Zhaodong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China.,Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Fuyang People's Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Fuyang, Anhui, China.,Clinical Research Center for Spinal Deformity of Anhui Province, Fuyang, Anhui, China
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