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Al Zahrani EM. The Role of Healthcare Leaders in Promoting Vaccine Acceptance in Saudi Arabia. J Healthc Leadersh 2024; 16:279-286. [PMID: 39072262 PMCID: PMC11277817 DOI: 10.2147/jhl.s470522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several vaccines have been recommended by the health authorities in recent years and have been opposed by debates, lack of public trust, and variable levels of hesitance that resulted in increased anti-vaccination advocacy and a subsequent reduction in vaccination rates worldwide. Purpose This study aimed to explore the community's perceptions of the role of healthcare leadership in promoting vaccine acceptance. Methods This cross-sectional study used a validated questionnaire designed according to the study's objectives for a heterogeneous purposive sample of individuals over 18 years old in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the questionnaire online via a link provided by multiple social media platforms. Results The study included 7159 participants with various demographical features. On a five-point Likert scale, the average level of agreement on the role of healthcare executives in promoting vaccines was 3.76. The average level of agreement about the role of healthcare leaders in promoting vaccines was 3.76 out of five. Men were more likely than women to agree on healthcare worker's influence, 63.6% and 58.6%, respectively (P < 0.001). The ages of participants showed a favorable correlation with their level of agreement on the role of healthcare leaders in promoting vaccines (P < 0.001). The level of agreement on healthcare leader's role in promoting vaccines was inversely proportional to the education level (P < 0.001). The retired group reported the highest score, followed by the employed ones (P < 0.001). Conclusion Unlike other political and religious leaders, this study indicates that healthcare professionals significantly impact vaccine hesitancy and uptake. Despite rising vaccine hesitancy, healthcare leaders remain more trustworthy providers of guidance and influence over vaccination decisions than others. In addition, the health leader's factual message boosts people's self-esteem and helps them decide to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eidan M Al Zahrani
- Physical Therapy Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Intimayta-Escalante C, Tapia-Sequeiros G, Rojas-Bolivar D. Sociodemographic Inequalities in COVID-19 Booster Dose Vaccination Coverage: a Retrospective Study of 196 Provinces in Peru. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02060-7. [PMID: 38914811 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 vaccination coverage shows variability in booster doses between residency areas or ethnicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate how sociodemographic conditions influence unequal vaccination coverage with booster doses against COVID-19 in Peru. METHODS A retrospective, ecological study with an evaluation of 196 provinces in Peru. The sociodemographic conditions were evaluated as sources of inequality (sex, age group, educational level, residence area, and ethnic group). The inequality measure used was the GINI, an index that show the inequal vaccination coverage with third and fourth booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvians provinces. The index allow determinate a higher inequality when the value is near to 1, and a lower inequality when the value is near to 0. Also, the impact of each sociodemographic condition in the general inequality was evaluate with a decomposition analysis of GINI coefficient into Sk (composition effect), Gk (redistribution effect), Rk (differential effect). RESULTS In provinces evaluated the mean vaccine coverage for the third and fourth booster doses was 57.00% and 22.19%, respectively at twelve months since the beginning of vaccination campaign. The GINI coefficient was 0.33 and 0.31, for the third and fourth booster doses coverage, respectively. In the decomposition analysis, twelve months after the start of the third and fourth dose vaccination campaign, revealed higher Sk values for people living in rural areas (Sk = 0.94 vs. Sk = 2.39, respectively for third and fourth dose), while higher Gk values for Aymara (Gk = 0.92 vs. Gk = 0.92, respectively), Quechua (Gk = 0.53 vs. Gk = 0.53, respectively), and Afro-Peruvians (Gk = 0.61 vs. Gk = 0.61, respectively). Also, higher negative correlation in Rk values for people with elementary education (Rk=-0.43 vs. Rk=-0.33, respectively), aged between 15 and 19 years (Rk=-0.49 vs. Rk=-0.37, respectively), and Aymara (Rk=-0.51 vs. Rk=-0.66, respectively). CONCLUSION The rural residency area, lower education and Quechua, Aymara or Afro-Peruvians ethnicity determinated inequalities in vaccination coverage with booster doses against COVID-19 in Peruvian provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Rojas-Bolivar
- Asociación para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Estudiantil en Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Peru
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Colón W, Oriol-Mathieu V, Hural J, Hattingh L, Adungo F, Lagatie O, Lavreys L, Allen M, Anzala O, Espy N, Fransen K, Garcia PJ, Maciel M, Murtagh M, Peel SA, Peeling RW, Tan LLJ, Warren M, Pau MG, D'Souza PM. HIV Diagnostics and Vaccines: It Takes Two to Tango. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1919-1925. [PMID: 38451247 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Current serologic tests for HIV screening and confirmation of infection present challenges to the adoption of HIV vaccines. The detection of vaccine-induced HIV-1 antibodies in the absence of HIV-1 infection, referred to as vaccine-induced seropositivity/seroreactivity, confounds the interpretation of test results, causing misclassification of HIV-1 status with potential affiliated stigmatization. For HIV vaccines to be widely adopted with high community confidence and uptake, tests are needed that are agnostic to the vaccination status of tested individuals (ie, positive only for true HIV-1 infection). Successful development and deployment of such tests will require HIV vaccine developers to work in concert with diagnostic developers. Such tests will need to match today's high-performance standards (accuracy, cost-effectiveness, simplicity) for use in vaccinated and unvaccinated populations, especially in low- and middle-income countries with high HIV burden. Herein, we discuss the challenges and strategies for developing modified serologic HIV tests for concurrent deployment with HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Colón
- Johnson & Johnson Global Public Health Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Ole Lagatie
- Johnson & Johnson Global Public Health Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ludo Lavreys
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mary Allen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Omu Anzala
- Kenya Aids Vaccine Initiative Institute of Clinical Research, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nicole Espy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katrien Fransen
- HIV/STD Reference Laboratory, Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patricia J Garcia
- Epidemiology, STD, and HIV Unit, School of Public Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Milton Maciel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Sheila A Peel
- Diagnostics and Countermeasures Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Rosanna W Peeling
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Patricia M D'Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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4
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Evans WD, Bingenheimer JB, Long MW, Ndiaye K, Donati D, Rao NM, Akaba S, Agha S. Randomised experimental evaluation of a social media campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria. J Glob Health 2024; 14:05018. [PMID: 38779876 PMCID: PMC11112529 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.05018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged public health and behaviour change programmes, and has led to the development of innovative interventions and research. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, new strategies to promote vaccination, increase pro-vaccination social norms, and reduce vaccine hesitancy have been deployed through social media campaigns and evaluated using digital media platforms. Methods We conducted two randomised experimental evaluations of social media content designed to promote COVID-19 vaccination and to complement research on a nationwide vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022. We conducted two studies in March and August 2022 among Nigerians drawn from 31 states that had not been targeted in the aforementioned nationwide campaign. We randomised the participants to either receive the pro-vaccination social media campaign or not and collected data at pre- and post-test time points to evaluate psychosocial predictors of vaccination and vaccination outcomes following the Theory of Change based on Diffusion of Innovations; the Social Norms Theory, and the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) framework. Data were collected through a novel intervention delivery and data collection platform through social media. Results We found that pro-vaccination social norms and vaccination rates increased, while vaccine hesitancy decreased among participants randomised to the social media intervention study arm. Conclusions Social media campaigns are a promising approach to increasing vaccination at scale in LMICs, while social norms are an important factor in promoting vaccination, which is consistent with the Social Norms Theory. This study demonstrates the capability and potential of new social media-based data collection techniques. We describe implications for future vaccination campaigns and identify future research priorities in this area. Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry: PACTR202310811597445.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Jeffrey B Bingenheimer
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Michael W Long
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Khadidiatou Ndiaye
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Dante Donati
- School of Business, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | | | - Selinam Akaba
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Sohail Agha
- Behavioral Insights Lab, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Mrisho M, Mwangoka G, Ali AM, Mkopi A, Mahende MK, Temu S, Msuya HM, Kazyoba PE, Abdallah G, Mihayo M, Juma O, Hamad A, Jongo S, Lweno O, Tumbo A, Mswata S, Kassim KR, Kishimba R, Haruna H, Kassa H, Kapologwe N, Rashid M, Abdulla S. Pilot deployment of a community health care worker in distributing and offering the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11679. [PMID: 38778088 PMCID: PMC11111661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A pilot implementation of the rapid diagnostic test program was performed to collect evidence of the feasibility, acceptability, and uptake of the COVID-19 AgRDT in Tanzania. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study in the community to provide quantitative details of the pilot implementation of the antigen rapid diagnostic test (AgRDT) in Tanzania. This study was undertaken between March 2022 and September 2022. The pilot was implemented by distributing and offering test kits to people suspected of having COVID-19 in Dar es Salaam through community health workers. A total of 1039 participants consented to participate in the survey. All the participants reported having heard about the disease. The radio was the main source (93.2%) of information on COVID-19. With regard to prevention measures, approximately 930 (89.5%) of the respondents thought that COVID-19 could be prevented. Approximately 1035 (99.6%) participants reported that they were willing to have a COVID-19 AgRDT test and wait for 20 min for the results. With regard to the participants' opinions on the AgRDT device, the majority 907 (87.3%) felt comfortable with the test, and 1,029 (99.0%) were very likely to recommend the AgRDT test to their friends. The majority of participants 848 (83.1%) mentioned that they would be willing to pay for the test if it was not available for free. The results suggest overall good acceptance of the COVID-19 AgRDT test. It is evident that the use of trained community healthcare workers allows easy screening of all possible suspects and helps them receive early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwifadhi Mrisho
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Grace Mwangoka
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali M Ali
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Abdallah Mkopi
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Muhidin K Mahende
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Silas Temu
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hajirani M Msuya
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Paul E Kazyoba
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), P O Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gumi Abdallah
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Michael Mihayo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Juma
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ali Hamad
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Said Jongo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Omar Lweno
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anneth Tumbo
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sarah Mswata
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kamaka R Kassim
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Hussein Haruna
- Ministry of Health (MoH), P. O. Box 743, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Hellen Kassa
- FIND|Campus Biotech, Chemin des Mines 9, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ntuli Kapologwe
- Department of Health, Social Welfare and Nutrition Services, President's Office Regional Administration and Local Government (PORALG), P.O Box 1923, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mohammed Rashid
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Salim Abdulla
- Ifakara Health Institute (IHI), Kiko Avenue, Off Bagamoyo Road, Mikocheni, P O Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Attwell K, Turvey J, Wood L. COVID-19 vaccination of at-risk and marginalised groups: recentering the state in vaccine uptake. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116812. [PMID: 38636209 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have used the World Health Organization's new Behavioural and Social Drivers (BeSD) framework to analyse vaccine uptake. However, this study of COVID-19 vaccination among marginalised population groups highlights the framework's limitations regarding the centrality of the state in shaping people's vaccination intentions in high income countries. We conducted interviews and focus groups with service providers and community members to explore COVID-19 vaccination amongst Western Australians experiencing homelessness and/or from other marginalised populations (such as people with substance use dependence). Analysing this data iteratively to emphasise the state's role and functions, we elaborate how trauma and mistrust of government drive thoughts, feelings, and social interactions regarding vaccination programs, which are mutually reinforcing and which inhibit individuals' willingness to engage. Government systems that leave some populations behind increase those populations' susceptibility to misinformation. Policies may generate new unintended problems: social service providers worried about vaccine advocacy damaging clients' trust, especially in the context of vaccine mandates. Reframing the state's responsibility for designing culturally and socially appropriate services, we outline how end-users and trusted providers can lead this process. We share a new framework, "Recentering the State in Vaccine Uptake," arising from our analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Attwell
- VaxPol Lab, Political Science and International Relations, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Jake Turvey
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
| | - Lisa Wood
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia.
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Dele-Ojo BF, Adesokan A, Fadare JO, Ajayi PO, Raimi TH, Dada SA, Ojo OD, Ogunmodede JA, Ipinnimo TM, Ariyo OE, Godman B. Short-term COVID-19 vaccine adverse effects among adults in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:621-627. [PMID: 38323854 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2316217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of the COVID-19 vaccines has been a topic of concern globally. This issue of safety is associated with vaccine hesitancy due to concerns about the adverse effects of the vaccines. Consequently, this study determined the short-term safety profile of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in Ekiti State, Nigeria. METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted between May and July 2021 among individuals who had received the first dose of the first batch of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A Google form was used to collect data on the adverse effects of the vaccine. RESULTS Out of over 1,000 individuals who were approached, 758 respondents completed the study. A large percentage (57.4%) of those who received the vaccines were healthcare workers. Adverse effects were reported in 70.8% of the participants with most manifesting on the first day of the vaccination. The predominant adverse effects were injection site soreness (28.5%), followed by fatigue (18.7%) and muscle pain (8.6%). There was no report of severe adverse effects such as anaphylactic reactions, thrombosis, myocarditis, transient myelitis, or Guillen-Barre syndrome. CONCLUSION This study found that self-reported adverse effects of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine were mild and short in duration. This outcome has promising implications for improving COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the immediate environment and Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolade Folasade Dele-Ojo
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo Adesokan
- Emergency Medicine Department, Kingsmill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Scotland
| | | | - Paul Oladapo Ajayi
- Department of Community Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Hussean Raimi
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Ayokunle Dada
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Owolabi Dele Ojo
- Department of Surgery, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Olumuyiwa Elijah Ariyo
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Brian Godman
- Department of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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8
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Nkambule E, Mbakaya BC. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Malawians: a scoping review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:77. [PMID: 38419126 PMCID: PMC10900596 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best chance of eradicating the COVID-19 pandemic lies in a successful vaccination campaign against the virus. There is still hesitancy among some of the Malawians over the use of COVID-19 vaccines that are readily available. This review's objective was to currently analyze COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy among Malawians. METHODS This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews. An electronic database search was performed using CINAHL, OVID Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 1, 2020, and July 10, 2023, on the topic of reluctance toward COVID-19 vaccine in Malawi. A review of the journal titles and abstracts was performed to establish a match within the selection criteria. Based on the parameters of interest, this paper included publications that explicitly mentioned COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malawi. RESULTS A total of seven articles were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Some of the eligible Malawian population's poor response to COVID-19 vaccination was due to hesitancy. Misinformation is primarily to blame for COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. COVID-19 vaccines are viewed as dangerous or intended to cause harm such as the myth that the COVID-19 vaccine would cause infertility, severe disability, and even death. The review revealed that some people choose not to receive vaccines due to religious convictions and beliefs. Some individuals also think that getting the COVID-19 vaccine could result in receiving a triple-six (666) mark from the devil. There were also reports that the COVID-19 vaccination is being considered experimental and ineffective. CONCLUSIONS The Malawi government should focus on fear and misinformation regarding COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, using interventions, motivational interviews, and individual sensitization. Traditional, religious, and youth-led organizations should provide practical information on COVID-19 vaccine safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Nkambule
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
| | - Balwani Chingatichifwe Mbakaya
- Department of Public Health, University of Livingstonia, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi
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9
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Makhado TG, Sepeng NV, Makhado L. A systematic review of the effectiveness of epilepsy education programs on knowledge, attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1356920. [PMID: 38476196 PMCID: PMC10927725 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1356920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological condition affecting primary school learners, often leading to misconceptions, stigma, and limited social inclusion. These misconceptions transpire because of a lack of knowledge regarding the condition and may lead to high school dropouts. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of epilepsy education programs on epilepsy-related knowledge and understanding, values and attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and September 2023. Studies that satisfied the eligibility criteria were chosen, and two reviewers conducted data extraction independently. A narrative synthesis approach was utilised to analyse the findings. The review included 10 studies that satisfied the inclusion requirements. The epilepsy education interventions varied in content, duration, and delivery method. Findings indicated that diverse delivery methods, such as classroom-based programs, hospital-based programs, and community-centred interventions, effectively enhanced epilepsy-related knowledge and understanding, values and attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. This systematic review provides evidence that epilepsy education programs can effectively enhance epilepsy-related knowledge, understanding, values, attitudes, and skills among primary school learners. These findings support developing and implementing comprehensive guidelines for teaching epilepsy in primary schools, suggesting various delivery methods and integrating cultural values to promote optimal learning outcomes and social inclusion for learners with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lufuno Makhado
- Office of the Deputy Dean Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
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10
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Chery MJ, Dubique K, Higgins JM, Faure PA, Phillips R, Morris S, Clisbee M, Conserve DF, Ricthwood T, Lefruit RM, Hedt-Gauthier BL. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in three rural communes in Haiti: A cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2204048. [PMID: 37157153 PMCID: PMC10171132 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2204048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective mechanism for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. However, reluctance to accept vaccines has hindered the efforts of health authorities to combat the virus. In Haiti, as of July 2021, less than 1% of the country's population has been fully vaccinated in part due to vaccine hesitancy. Our goal was to assess Haitian attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and investigate the primary reasons for Moderna vaccine hesitancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey across three rural Haitian communities, in September 2021. The research team used electronic tablets to collect quantitative data from 1,071 respondents, selected randomly across the communities. We report descriptive statistics and identify variables associated with vaccine acceptance using logistic regression built using a backward stepwise approach. Among 1,071 respondents, the overall acceptance rate was 27.0% (n = 285). The most common reason for vaccine hesitancy was "concern about side effects" (n = 484, 67.1%) followed by "concern about contracting COVID-19 from the vaccine" (n = 472, 65.4%). Three-quarters of respondents (n = 817) identified their healthcare workers as their most trustworthy source for information related to the vaccine. In the bivariate analysis, male gender (p = .06) and no history of drinking alcohol (p < .001) were significantly associated with being more likely to take the vaccine. In the final reduced model, only those with a history of drinking alcohol were significantly more likely to take the vaccine (aOR = 1.47 (1.23, 1.87) p < .001). The acceptance rate for the COVID-19 vaccine is low, and public health experts should design and strengthen vaccination campaigns to combat misinformation and public distrust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice J Chery
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Kobel Dubique
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Julia M Higgins
- Strategic Information Systems, Partners in Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peterson Abnis Faure
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Roslyn Phillips
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Sarah Morris
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Clisbee
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Donaldson F Conserve
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services: The George Washington University Milken Institute of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tiarney Ricthwood
- Department of Medicine & Community Health and Global Health, Duke Institute of Global Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ralph M Lefruit
- Research Department, Zanmi Lasante/Partners in Health Mirebalais: Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais, Mirebalais, Haiti
| | - Bethany L Hedt-Gauthier
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Cross-Site COVID-19 Cohort Technical Working Group is Composed of the Following Members- Partners In Health/Boston: Jean Claude Mugunga, Donald Fejfar, Stefanie Joseph; Partners In Health/Haiti: Wesler Lambert, Mary Clisbee, Fernet Leandre; Partners In Health/Liberia: Prince F. Varney; Partners In Health/Lesotho: Melino Ndayizigiye, Patrick Nkundanyirazo, Afom Andom; Partners In Health/Malawi: Emilia Connolly, Chiyembekezo Kachimanga, Fabien Munyaneza; Partners In Health/Mexico: Zeus Aranda; Partners In Health/Peru: Jesus Peinado, Marco Tovar; Partners In Health/Rwanda: Vincent Cubaka, Nadine Karema; Partners In Health/Sierra Leone: Foday Boima, Gregory Jerome; Harvard Medical School: Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Isabel Fulcher, Dale Barnhart, Megan Murray
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Makonokaya L, Kapanda L, Woelk GB, Chauma-Mwale A, Kalitera LU, Nkhoma H, Zimba S, Chamanga R, Golowa C, Machekano R, Maphosa T. Safety of Janssen Ad26.COV.S and Astra Zeneca AZD1222 COVID-19 Vaccines among Mobile Phone Users in Malawi: Findings from a National Mobile-Based Syndromic Surveillance Survey, July 2021 to December 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7123. [PMID: 38063553 PMCID: PMC10706488 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The safety profiles of the Ad26.COV2.S and AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccines have not been described in the general population in Malawi. We present self-reported adverse events (AE) following the receipt of these vaccines in Malawi as part of a national syndromic surveillance survey. We conducted phone-based syndromic surveillance surveys among adults (≥18 years) with verbal consent. We used secure tablets through random digit dialing to select mobile phone numbers and collected data electronically. Survey questions included whether the respondent had received the COVID-19 vaccines, whether they had experienced any AE following vaccination, and the severity of the AE. We used multivariable analysis to identify factors associated with self-reported AE post-COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 11,924 (36.0%) out of 33,150 respondents reported receiving at least one dose of either Ad26.COV2.S or AZD1222 between July-December 2021; of those, 65.1% were female. About 49.2% of the vaccine recipients reported at least one AE, 90.6% of which were mild, and 2.6% were severe. Higher education level and concern about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines were associated with AE self-report (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 2.63 [95% CI 1.96-3.53] and 1.44, [95% CI 1.30-1.61], respectively), while male gender and older age were associated with reduced likelihood of AE self-report (AORs 0.81, [95% CI 0.75-0.88], 0.62 [95% CI 0.50-0.77], respectively). Ad26.COV2.S and AZD1222 vaccines are well-tolerated, with primarily mild and few severe AE among adults living in Malawi. Self-reporting of AE following COVID-19 vaccination is associated with gender, age, education, and concern about the safety of the vaccines. Recognizing these associations is key when designing and implementing COVID-19 vaccination communication messages to increase vaccination coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Makonokaya
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Lester Kapanda
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Godfrey B. Woelk
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (G.B.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Annie Chauma-Mwale
- Public Health Institute, Ministry of Health Malawi, Lilongwe P.O. Box 30377, Malawi
| | - Louiser Upile Kalitera
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Harrid Nkhoma
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Suzgo Zimba
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Rachel Chamanga
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Cathy Golowa
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
| | - Rhoderick Machekano
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Washington, DC 20005, USA; (G.B.W.); (R.M.)
| | - Thulani Maphosa
- Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Lilongwe P/Bag 2543, Malawi (R.C.); (C.G.); (T.M.)
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Njororai F, Nyaranga KC, Cholo W, Amulla W, Ndetan H. Correlates of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy in Rural Communities in Western Kenya. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1516. [PMID: 37896920 PMCID: PMC10610933 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global public health concern. This study sought to determine the correlates of acceptance and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccines in rural populations of selected counties in Western Kenya and assess the strategies that can be used to improve COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Kenya. The study used a quantitative research strategy with a sample of 806 individuals in the Kisumu, Vihiga, and Kakamega counties. Descriptive statistics, correlations and regression analyses were used. Of the 806 study participants, 55% were males and 45% females. Vaccine acceptance was significantly associated with being a male (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.24-1.59, p < 0.031), having no formal education (AOR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.16-4.40, p < 0.02), working in the private sector (AOR: 5.78, 95% CI: 3.28-10.88 p < 0.02), and have low income (KES 0-999 (USD 0-9.16)), (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.13-3.47, p < 0.02). Conclusions: The current study suggests that male gender, no formal education, working in the private sector, and low income KES 0-999 (USD 0-9.6) are significant factors influencing awareness of and possible acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fletcher Njororai
- Department of Public Health, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Kogutu Caleb Nyaranga
- Department of Public Health, South Eastern Kenya University (SEKU), Kitui 90200, Kenya
| | - Wilberforce Cholo
- Department of Public Health, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega 50100, Kenya
| | - Walter Amulla
- Department of Public Health, Kisii University, Kisii 40200, Kenya
| | - Harrison Ndetan
- School of Medicine at the Health Science Center, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
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Evans WD, Bingenheimer JB, Long M, Ndiaye K, Donati D, Rao NM, Akaba S, Nsofor I, Agha S. Outcomes of a social media campaign to promote COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290757. [PMID: 37713381 PMCID: PMC10503765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been an historic challenge to public health and behavior change programs. In low -and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as Nigeria, there have been challenges in promoting vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy and social norms related to vaccination may be important factors in promoting or inhibiting not only COVID vaccination, but other routine vaccinations as well. The aim of this study was to conduct a national-level quasi-experimental evaluation of a social media based COVID-19 vaccination promotion campaign in Nigeria run in 2022. We followed a longitudinal cohort of Nigerians (at baseline) drawn from all 37 states in Nigeria over a 10-month period. This was done at 3 time points to evaluate psychosocial predictors of vaccination and vaccination outcomes following a theory of change based on Diffusion of Innovations, Social Norms Theory, and the Motivation, Opportunity, Ability (MOA) Framework. In a quasi-experimental design, participants in 6 Nigerian states where the social media campaign was run (treatment) were compared to participants from non-treatment states. This study highlights new social media-based data collection techniques. The study found that vaccination rates increased in treatment states compared to non-treatment states, and that these effects were strongest between baseline and first follow up (December 2021 to March 2022). We also found that more pro-vaccination social norms at one time point are associated with higher vaccination rates at a later time point. Social media campaigns are a promising approach to increasing vaccination at scale in LMICs, and social norms are an important factor in promoting vaccination, which is consistent with the Social Norms Theory. We describe implications for future vaccination campaigns and identify future research priorities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Bingenheimer
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Michael Long
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Khadidiatou Ndiaye
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Dante Donati
- School of Business, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nandan M. Rao
- Virtual Lab LLC, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Selinam Akaba
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Sohail Agha
- Global Health Visions, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Alakija A. Leveraging lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to strengthen low-income and middle-income country preparedness for future global health threats. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:e310-e317. [PMID: 37290474 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although the global COVID-19 pandemic response was quick to develop medical countermeasures, it failed to fully prevent morbidity and mortality in high-income countries and low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). As new variants and post-COVID-19 condition continue to emerge and affect health systems and economies, the full human and economic cost is yet to be felt. We should now learn from these shortcomings and implement more inclusive and equitable frameworks to prevent and respond to outbreaks. This Series offers specific learnings from COVID-19 vaccination campaigns and non-pharmaceutical interventions, highlighting the need for resilient, inclusive, and equitable health systems. Taking action to rebuild trust and invest in resilient local manufacturing capacity, supply chains, regulatory frameworks, and placing LMIC voices at the centre of decision making will help to ensure preparedness for future threats. It is time to move beyond mere talk of learning and implementing lessons and instead take action towards a more resilient future.
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15
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Chavez-Lindell TL, Cahill KA, Kintziger KW, Odoi A. Perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 in Tennessee, USA: a retrospective study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15473. [PMID: 37456880 PMCID: PMC10340107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite high incidence and mortality risks associated with COVID-19 during the pandemic, stay-at-home orders and vaccination recommendations were met with varying levels of acceptance in Tennessee. Understanding perceptions of individuals regarding the health and economic impacts of COVID-19 is necessary to address public concerns while ensuring appropriate public health response. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (a) investigate differences in opinions among residents of Tennessee regarding the impacts of COVID-19; and (b) identify socioeconomic and demographic predictors/determinants of these opinions. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using survey data collected in nine waves during 2020. Distributions of survey-weighted sociodemographic characteristics and respondent perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 were computed. Weighted logistic models were used to investigate predictors of a number of perceptions: whether the health or economic impact was greater, concern for respondent's health, concern for family's health, and willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Results The study included a total of 9,754 survey respondents. Approximately equal percentages considered COVID-19 to have a greater economic (48.4%) versus health impact (51.6%). Just 40.1% of the respondents reported that they would definitely accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Age group, race, educational attainment, and household composition were significant (p < 0.05) predictors of all investigated perceptions regarding COVID-19. Lack of prior infection was the strongest predictor of the perception of COVID-19 having a greater impact on health (OR = 2.40, p < 0.001), concern for respondent's health (OR = 1.86, p = 0.002), and concern for family members' health (OR = 1.90, p = 0.001). Compared to males, females had higher odds of identifying the health impact of COVID-19 as greater (OR = 1.09, p = 0.041) and reporting concern for family health (OR = 1.14, p = 0.003). However, they had lower odds (OR = 0.63, p < 0.001) of willingness to accept vaccine than males. Conclusion These findings improve our understanding of the drivers of health behaviors, including vaccine hesitancy, and are useful for guiding public health outreach/education programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L. Chavez-Lindell
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
| | - Katie A. Cahill
- Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
| | - Kristina W. Kintziger
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
| | - Agricola Odoi
- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, United States of America
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Makhado TG, Lebese RT, Maputle MS. Development and Validation of Epilepsy Life Skills Guidelines for Primary School Learners and Teachers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1194. [PMID: 37508691 PMCID: PMC10377971 DOI: 10.3390/children10071194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disorder that disturbs nerve cell activity in the brain, resulting in seizures. It was noted that it occurs mostly in children, especially at the primary school level, and could result from a genetic condition. The aim of this study was to develop and validate life skills education guidelines for primary school learners of Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa to educate them about epilepsy with the aim of reducing stigma and discrimination towards people with epilepsy. The guidelines were developed by adapting the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline development guide, which included the formulation of PICOS (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design) questions, conducting a systematic review of the literature, and using GRADE (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) to develop evidence-based recommendations. The recommendations that informed the guideline development were that epilepsy education should be included in the primary school life skills curriculum to improve learners' understanding, attitudes, and skills related to epilepsy. This epilepsy education should be tailored to the needs of primary school learners and cover topics such as seizure recognition, management, medication, and coping strategies. Collaboration between healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers is crucial to developing culturally appropriate and evidence-based epilepsy education guidelines. Teachers and healthcare providers should also receive training on how to support learners living with epilepsy. The resulting guidelines provide clear and concise guidance on epilepsy education in life skills for primary school learners, caregivers, and teachers. The guidelines are expected to improve the quality of epilepsy life skills education and contribute to the overall well-being and inclusion of learners with epilepsy in Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces, South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thendo Gertie Makhado
- Department of Advanced Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Rachel Tsakani Lebese
- The Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
| | - Maria Sonto Maputle
- Department of Advanced Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Venda, P. Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa
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Sileo KM, Luttinen R, Muñoz S, Hill TD. Gender Role Discrepancy Stress and COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors Among Men in the United States. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:766-777. [PMID: 36648009 PMCID: PMC9852979 DOI: 10.1177/08901171231152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations between gender role discrepancy (non-conformity to socially prescribed masculine gender role norms) and discrepancy stress (distress arising from this discrepancy) on COVID-19 prevention behaviors among men, and the potential moderating effects of race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and income on these relationships. DESIGN A national online survey was conducted between May and June 2021. SETTING The United States. SUBJECTS 749 adult men residing in the United States. MEASURES A scale measured gender role discrepancy and discrepancy stress. COVID-19 prevention outcomes were constructed and included self-reported vaccination status/intentions, social distancing, mask-wearing, and hand-sanitizing. ANALYSIS Multivariate generalized linear models were performed in SPSS. RESULTS Gender role discrepancy associated with greater odds of vaccination (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02-1.78, P = .04), while discrepancy stress associated with lower odds of vaccination (AOR = .48, 95% CI = .35-.68, P < 0. 001) and mask-wearing (AOR = .54, 95% CI = .37-.79, P = .001) for men overall. Discrepancy stress's negative effect on specific COVID-19 prevention behaviors was only apparent or was amplified for men in lower income brackets (vaccination, social distancing, mask-wearing), racial/ethnic minority men (vaccination), and sexual minority men (social distancing). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that gender role discrepancy stress negatively affects men's engagement in COVID-19 prevention, particularly for men in marginalized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M. Sileo
- The Department of Public Health, College of Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Luttinen
- The Department of Public Health, College of Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- The Department of Demography, College of Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suyapa Muñoz
- The Department of Public Health, College of Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Terrence D. Hill
- The Department of Sociology, College of Health, Community, and Policy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Orellana D, Mercado A, Roth E. Psychosocial factors associated with the intention to get a COVID-19 booster vaccine: evidence from a low-income country. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37361291 PMCID: PMC10226024 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-023-01937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim To identify psychosocial predictors of the intention to get a booster COVID-19 vaccine in a low-income country, given that increasing booster vaccination rates against COVID-19 remains a global challenge, especially among low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Subject and methods We used an online survey to collect responses from a non-probabilistic sample of 720 Bolivians regarding vaccine uptake, motives, perceived confidence, information sources, attitudes favouring COVID-19 vaccines, biosafety behaviour, and sociodemographic characteristics. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant associations and predictors. Results We found that having already received the third dose, obtaining recommendations from family or friends, recommendation from the government, perceived confidence in the previously received dose, and higher attitudes in favour of COVID-19 vaccines significantly predicted the intention to get a booster dose. The associations were significant even when adjusting the model for sociodemographic variables. Conclusion Including certain psychosocial factors could enhance the promotion of voluntary booster doses among residents of low- and middle-income countries such as Bolivia, where cultural, social, political, and contextual variables may influence health behaviour and increase health-associated risk factors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-023-01937-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Orellana
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (IICC), Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, Av. 14 de Septiembre N° 4807, La Paz, Bolivia
- Experimental Research Unit (UIE), Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Andrea Mercado
- Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Eric Roth
- Experimental Research Unit (UIE), Department of Psychology, Universidad Católica Boliviana “San Pablo”, La Paz, Bolivia
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19
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Rahman IU, Austin A, Nelson N. Willingness to COVID-19 vaccination: Empirical evidence from EU. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15776. [PMID: 37153419 PMCID: PMC10152756 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The unforgettable COVID-19 shock is most likely to be reversed by a viable vaccination strategy. In this paper, we investigate willingness to be vaccinated (WTV) against the COVID-19. Current trends suggest that only around 73% of EU inhabitants (15 and +) were immunized, with more than 104 million people still warranted to be immunized. Vaccine reluctance is a key impediment to conducting immunization programs in the setting of a pandemic. We provide first of its kind empirical evidence on the citizens (N = 11,932) of the EU-27 by employing the recent data from the European Commission. Based on the survey responses, controlling for the correlations in the error terms, we utilize a simulated multivariate probit regression model. Our results show that amongst all the statistically significant drivers of the WTV, the positive perception (vaccination works and has no side effects); R&D information (clarity on how vaccination is developed, tested, authorized) has the largest impact on the WTV. We find that the group of variables on social feedback (Positive perception; social adoption and pressure), and on trustworthy sources of information (R&D info; medical advice) are to be considered for WTV policy. The counteracting policy gaps that act against WTV include vaccination governance dissatisfaction, perception of long-term side effects, growing mistrust in information sources, uncertainty between safety and efficacy, education level, and risky age group. Strategies based on the outcomes of this study are needed to address public acceptance and willingness to vaccinate during a pandemic. This research is novel and offers authorities in-depth insights into the challenges and solutions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic and thus to its end via stimulation of the WTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ur Rahman
- Center for Trans-Himalaya Studies, School of Economics and Management, Leshan Normal University, 778 Binhe Road, Leshan, China
| | - Arslan Austin
- Rhein-Waal University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Communication and Environment, Friedrich-Heinrich-Allee 25, 47475, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Naveed Nelson
- GCP-Service International Ltd. & Co. KG (GCP-Service) Haus 3, Anne-Conway-Straße 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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Oghazian S, Tavanaei Tamanaei T, Haghighi R, Faregh M, Oghazian MB. Side effects of Sputnik V, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and Covaxin and their associations with other variables among healthcare workers of a tertiary hospital in Iran. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109784. [PMID: 36812676 PMCID: PMC9939908 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misinformation about the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines' side effects (SEs) has led to concerns about and mistrust of vaccine safety. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccines' SEs. METHODS In a cross-sectional survey-based study on the healthcare workers (HCWs) of a tertiary hospital in Iran, the SEs of Sputnik V, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and Covaxin were evaluated through a face-to-face interview by a researcher-made questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 368 HCWs received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. The prevalence of people with at least one SE was higher among those who received the Oxford-AstraZeneca (95.8 %) and Sputnik V (92.1 %) vaccines than those who received Covaxin (70.5 %) or Sinopharm (66.7 %). Following the first and second doses, injection site pain (50.3 % and 58.2 %), body/muscle pain (53.5 % and 39.4 %), fever (54.5 % and 32.9 %), headache (41.3 % and 36.5 %), and fatigue (44.4 % and 32.4 %) were the most common SEs. Overall, SEs were often initiated within 12 h and subsided within 72 h of vaccination. The prevalence of SEs after the first dose of Sputnik V was higher among those aged ≤ 31 years (93.3 %) than those aged > 31 years (80.5 %). In the Sputnik V group, the number of SEs experienced after the first dose was higher in women with underlying diseases than those without such diseases. Furthermore, the body mass index of participants with SEs was lower than that of participants without SEs. CONCLUSION Compared to Sinopharm or Covaxin, the Sputnik V and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines were associated with a higher prevalence of SEs, a greater number of SEs per individual, and more severe SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Oghazian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hassan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Taraneh Tavanaei Tamanaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramin Haghighi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hassan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Faregh
- Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Oghazian
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hassan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
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21
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Davidson PD, Muniandy T, Karmegam D. Perception of COVID-19 vaccination among Indian Twitter users: computational approach. JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCE 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37363805 PMCID: PMC10047476 DOI: 10.1007/s42001-023-00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination has been a hot topic in the present COVID-19 context. The government, public health stakeholders and media are all concerned about how to get the people vaccinated. The study was intended to explore the perception and emotions of the Indians citizens toward COVID-19 vaccine from Twitter messages. The tweets were collected for the period of 6 months, from mid-January to June, 2021 using hash-tags and keywords specific to India. Topics and emotions from the tweets were extracted using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method and National Research Council (NRC) Lexicon, respectively. Theme, sentiment and emotion wise engagement and reachability metrics were assessed. Hash-tag frequency of COVID-19 vaccine brands were also identified and evaluated. Information regarding 'Co-WIN app and availability of vaccine' was widely discussed and also received highest engagement and reachability among Twitter users. Among the various emotions, trust was expressed the most, which highlights the acceptance of vaccines among the Indian citizens. The hash-tags frequency of vaccine brands shows that Covishield was popular in the month of March 2021, and Covaxin in April 2021. The results from the study will help stakeholders to efficiently use social media to disseminate COVID-19 vaccine information on popular concerns. This in turn will encourage citizens to be vaccinated and achieve herd immunity. Similar methodology can be adopted in future to understand the perceptions and concerns of people in emergency situations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42001-023-00203-0.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dhivya Karmegam
- School of Public Health, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
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22
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Getachew T, Negash A, Degefa M, Lami M, Balis B, Debela A, Gemechu K, Shiferaw K, Nigussie K, Bekele H, Oljira A, Eyeberu A, Dessie Y, Alemu A, Sertsu A. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model: multicentre cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e070551. [PMID: 36958789 PMCID: PMC10039978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunization is still one of the best ways to reduce viral-related morbidity and mortality . Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. METHOD A multicentred facility-based cross-sectional study design was utilised. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 420 study participants. The characteristics of individuals were described using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency, median and IQR. Mean was used for health belief model components. The association was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and described by the OR along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value<0.05 in the adjusted analysis was used to declare a significant association. OUTCOME MEASURE COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors. RESULT A total of 412 adult clients were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total study participants, 225 (54.6%; 95% CI: 50.0% to -59.7%) were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Age≥46 (adjusted OR, AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.35- to 9.86), college and above level of education (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.30- to 4.81), having health insurance (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.11- to 2.87) and experiencing chronic disease (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- to 3.77) were predictor variables. Also, components of the health belief model were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the adult population was low compared to other study. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were age, college and above level of education, having a chronic disease, having health insurance, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barrier.Improving awareness about COVID-19 among all sections of the population is crucial to improving vaccine acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamirat Getachew
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Negash
- Haramaya University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Meron Degefa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Magarsa Lami
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Balis
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adera Debela
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Gemechu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Kasiye Shiferaw
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Kabtamu Nigussie
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Bekele
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Addis Eyeberu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Alemu
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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23
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Ndejjo R, Chen N, Kabwama SN, Namale A, Wafula ST, Wanyana I, Kizito S, Kiwanuka SN, Sambisa W, Tsai LL, Wanyenze RK. Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adults in Uganda: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067377. [PMID: 36931667 PMCID: PMC10030279 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the most significant public health challenges ever faced globally. Vaccines are key to ending the pandemic as well as minimise its consequences. This study determined the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines and associated factors among adults in Uganda. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a cross-sectional mobile phone survey among adults in Uganda. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE Participants reported their uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. RESULTS Of the participants contacted, 94% (1173) completed the survey. Overall, 49.7% had received COVID-19 vaccines with 19.2% having obtained a full dose and 30.5% an incomplete dose. Among the unvaccinated, 91.0% indicated intention to vaccinate. Major reasons for vaccine uptake were protection of self from COVID-19 (86.8%) and a high perceived risk of getting the virus (19.6%). On the other hand, non-uptake was related to vaccine unavailability (42.4%), lack of time (24.1%) and perceived safety (12.5%) and effectiveness concerns (6.9%). The factors associated with receiving COVID-19 vaccines were older age (≥65 years) (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR)=1.32 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.61)), secondary (APR=1.36 (95% CI: 1.12 to 1.65)) or tertiary education (APR=1.62 (95% CI: 1.31 to 2.00)) and health workers as a source of information on COVID-19 (APR=1.26 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.45)). Also, reporting a medium-income (APR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.52)) and residence in Northern (APR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.18 to 2.02) and Central regions (APR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.89) were associated with vaccine uptake. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines was moderate in this sample and was associated with older age, secondary and tertiary education, medium-income, region of residence and health workers as a source of COVID-19 information. Efforts are needed to increase access to vaccines and should use health workers as champions to enhance uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Nuole Chen
- Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven N Kabwama
- Department of Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Namale
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Solomon Tsebeni Wafula
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene Wanyana
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Susan Kizito
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Suzanne N Kiwanuka
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Lily L Tsai
- Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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24
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Alahmad G. Ethical Challenges Involved in COVID-19 Vaccine Mandates for Children: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030601. [PMID: 36992185 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The new COVID-19 pandemic has affected day-to-day life, creating various ethical dilemmas. COVID-19 vaccination is seen as an effective way to halt the pandemic. Ethical challenges can arise when the vaccines are mandated for all ages, but more so when mandated for children. This systematic review discusses the pros and cons of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate for children. The primary objective of this study is to summarize exclusively the various ethical conflicts, impacts, and requirements that arise as a result of the COVID-19 vaccine mandate laws on children. The secondary objective is to analyze the reasons for parents refusing to allow their children to be given the COVID-19 vaccine sand the effective strategies to increase vaccine uptake among children. The study involved a systematic review, identification of relevant literature and reviews following the PRISMA-ScR recommendations. The keywords ‘COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children’ were used to mine the literature from PubMed and WHO COVID-19 Research Database. Limitations placed on the original searches were: English language, humans, ethics, and children. Out of 529 studies, only 13 satisfied the selection criteria. The sample included studies with a wide, diverse range of methods, settings, research, authors, and journals. COVID-19 vaccine mandates on children need to be scrutinized. Implementing the COVID-19 vaccination drive in a scientific way is acceptable. As children are the fastest-growing population and have the highest life expectancy, it is important to take into account that the vaccines do not disturb their growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghiath Alahmad
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Cordella B, Signore F, Andreassi S, De Dominicis S, Gennaro A, Iuso S, Mannarini T, Kerusauskaite S, Kosic A, Reho M, Rochira A, Rocchi G, Salvatore S. How socio-institutional contexts and cultural worldviews relate to COVID-19 acceptance rates: A representative study in Italy. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115671. [PMID: 36702028 PMCID: PMC9839458 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Despite its importance to counter the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has raised hesitation in large segments of the population. This hesitation makes it important to understand the mechanisms underlying vaccine acceptance. To this end, the study adopts the Semiotic Cultural Psychology Theory, holding that social behaviors - and therefore, vaccination acceptance - depend on the cultural meanings in terms of which people interpret the social world. OBJECTIVE The study aims at estimating the impact a) of the way people interpret the socio-institutional context of the pandemic and b) of the underlying cultural worldviews on vaccine acceptance. More particularly, the study tested the three following hypotheses. a) The meanings grounding the interpretation of the socio-institutional framework - that is, trust in institutions and political values - are an antecedent of vaccination acceptance. b) The impact of these meanings is moderated by the cultural worldviews (operationalized as symbolic universes). And c), the magnitude of the symbolic universes' moderator effect depends on the uncertainty to which the respondent is exposed. The exposure to uncertainty was estimated in terms of socioeconomic status - the lower the status, the high the exposure to uncertainty. METHODS An Italian representative sample (N = 3020) completed a questionnaire, measuring vaccination acceptance, the meanings attributed to the socio-institutional context - that is, political values and trust in institutions - and symbolic universes. RESULTS The findings were consistent with the hypotheses. a) Structural equation modelling proved that vaccine acceptance was predicted by trust in institutions. b) Multigroup analysis revealed that symbolic universes moderated the correlation between trust in institutions and vaccine acceptance. And c), the moderation effect of symbolic universes proved to occur only in the segment of lower socio-economic status (i.e., the group exposed to higher uncertainty). CONCLUSIONS Vaccination acceptance is not only a medical issue; it is also dependent upon the rationalization of the socio-institutional context. Implications for the promotion of vaccination acceptance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cordella
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Signore
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Via di Valesio 24, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Silvia Andreassi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Gennaro
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Iuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via A. Gramsci, N. 89/91, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Terri Mannarini
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Via di Valesio 24, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Skaiste Kerusauskaite
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | - Ankica Kosic
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Reho
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Rochira
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Via di Valesio 24, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giulia Rocchi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, And Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Degli Apuli, 1, 00183, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Salento, Via di Valesio 24, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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26
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Rajkumar E, Romate J, Greeshma R, Lipsa M. A Qualitative Comparative Analysis to explore the predictors of individuals' willingness towards vaccination. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13778. [PMID: 36820092 PMCID: PMC9931422 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 traumatized individuals from all walks of life and while the demand for vaccines increased exponentially, the authorities seem to encounter greater challenges on their road to create herd immunity. Governments initiated numerous campaigns to influence individuals to opt for vaccination and India being a diverse country makes it difficult to understand the motivating factors for getting COVID-19 vaccination. The study aimed to explore the predictors of individuals' willingness to get vaccinated using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). After screening using the vaccine hesitancy scale, a semi-structured interview was conducted among 30 respondents from India. Crisp Set QCA was utilized to analyse the data which lead to nine conditions. A solution combination of seven conditions showed a consistency of 1 and coverage of 0.6. They included knowledge about vaccines, perceived severity of the COVID-19 virus, family and peer influence, media and health department's influence, a sense of social responsibility, trust in the authorities and vaccine efficacy. This study contributes to the relevance of QCA's use in psychological research, especially to identify predictors of willingness to immunize. The findings of this study would help in designing appropriate interventions to enhance willingness to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslavath Rajkumar
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychology, Central University of Karnataka, India.
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27
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Peng X, Wang B, Li Y, Chen Y, Wu X, Fu L, Sun Y, Liu Q, Lin YF, Liang B, Fan Y, Zou H. Perceptions and worries about monkeypox, and attitudes towards monkeypox vaccination among medical workers in China: A cross-sectional survey. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:346-353. [PMID: 36682100 PMCID: PMC9846950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) declared monkeypox a "public health emergency of international concern" on 23 June 2022. However, there is a lack of data on monkeypox perceptions among medical workers. The purposes of this study were to evaluate perceptions, worries about monkeypox, attitudes towards monkeypox vaccination and their correlates among medical workers in China. METHODS Data were collected from medical practitioners using an online survey questionnaire between September 1 and September 30, 2022 in China. All the subjects completed an online questionnaire including general characteristics, perceptions/knowledge/worries about monkeypox, and attitudes towards monkeypox vaccination. Logistic regression was employed to examine the correlates of perceptions, worries about monkeypox, and attitudes toward monkeypox vaccination. RESULTS In total, this study sample included 639 medical workers. The mean age was 37.9 ± 9.4 years old. Approximately 71.8% of individuals reported perceptions of monkeypox, 56.7% worried about monkeypox, and 64.9% supported the promotion of monkeypox vaccination. Medical workers who were older than 50 years (aOR 3.73, 95%CI 1.01-13.85), worked in the Infectious Diseases/Dermatology/Venereal Diseases departments (3.09, 1.61-5.91), and provided correct answer to monkeypox transmission route (10.19, 5.42-19.17) were more likely to know about monkeypox/monkeypox virus before investigation. 30.7% reported that they were more worried about monkeypox than the coronavirus (COVID-19). Participants reported that the key population most in need of monkeypox vaccination were health practitioners (78.2%) and people with immunodeficiency (74.3%), followed by children (65.4%) and older adults (63.2%). CONCLUSION Awareness of monkeypox was high and attitude towards the promotion of monkeypox vaccination was positive among medical staff in China. Further targeted dissemination of monkeypox common knowledge among health care providers might improve their precaution measures and improve the promotion of monkeypox vaccination among key populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyi Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinsheng Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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28
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Ahmed W, Ali S, Waqas H, Asghar M, Erum N. Identifying and Evaluating the Socioeconomic Factors of COVID Vaccine Hesitancy Through an Integrated Multicriteria Decision Analysis Approach. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36846516 PMCID: PMC9944403 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-023-00268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The governments have been facing the challenges to develop tailored strategies to decrease COVID vaccine hesitancy (CVH) and refusal and increase the acceptability and uptake to ensure the protection of public health. In Pakistan, it has been a great challenge for the government to increase the acceptability of the COVID vaccine. CVH has been a great hurdle to achieving this objective. The authors found it imperative to identify and evaluate the factors of CVH in Pakistan. For this purpose, the authors used an integrated multicriteria decision analysis method (MCDM) by combining Delphi and DEMATEL methods. The factors of CVH have been identified and finalized using the Delphi method. The experts' opinions were obtained to evaluate the factors. The DEMATEL method was used to find out the most critical factor(s) of CVH. Moreover, the cause/effect relationship was also developed to have a better understating of factors and their relationships. The analysis revealed "ineffective public awareness strategies" as the most critical factor of CVH followed by "misinformation and disinformation, conspiracy theories", and "acquired knowledge". The study also examined the cause-and-effect relationship between the prioritized factors. The government in Pakistan introduced successful efforts to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, yet the government could do more to increase vaccine acceptance. For this purpose to serve effective scientific and evidence-based public awareness strategies are needed to increase the acquired knowledge and deal with misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracy theories to increase vaccine acceptance. The government could sue the media, especially social media to increase vaccination. The findings of the study provide a detailed understanding of the CVH in Pakistan and develop a comprehensive public health strategy to deal with any health-related potential issues in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Management and Marketing, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Sharafat Ali
- College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211106 China
- Department of Economics, Government Graduate College Kot Sultan, Kot Sultan, 31650 Layyah Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Waqas
- Department of Management and Marketing, Westminster International University in Tashkent, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Economics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Naila Erum
- Department of Political Science, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Accounting Research Institute, University Technology, MARA, Shah Alam, UiTM Malaysia
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Kjos N, Hendrix CL, Thomason ME. Perceived medical care quality during COVID-19 illness links socioeconomic disadvantage to vaccine hesitancy. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:102020. [PMID: 36245805 PMCID: PMC9550282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximizing vaccine uptake is critical for the optimal implementation of COVID-19 immunization programs. Indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) have been associated with variations in COVID-19 vaccine uptake in the United States. The present study investigates COVID-19 vaccination behavior in individuals with history of COVID-19 infection, with the specific goal of understanding whether experiences during illness explain socioeconomic disproportionalities in vaccine uptake. We leveraged a large sample of adults (n = 1584) infected with COVID-19 in NYC to examine this question, investigating whether specific experiences during illness explained the association between socioeconomic status and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Data from this study were collected during February and March 2021. Principal component analysis was used to create three composite variables that measure distinct COVID-19 related experiences: infection-related health impacts, pandemic-related psychosocial disruption, and perceived quality of medical care during COVID-19 illness. Neither infection-related impacts nor psychosocial disruption were related to vaccine hesitancy after adjusting for related sociodemographic covariates. However, perceptions of higher quality care received during COVID-19 illness predicted decreased COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Furthermore, mediation analysis revealed that perceived care quality during COVID-19 illness mediate the relationship between objective socioeconomic risk and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. These findings highlight patient-reported care quality during illness as a novel target that may increase vaccine uptake among socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kjos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Cassandra L. Hendrix
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
| | - Moriah E. Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, United States
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30
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Frew PM, Schamel JT, Randall LA, King AR, Spaulding AC, Wu E, Holloway IW. Vaccine confidence among people who use drugs: A cross-sectional survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2123201. [PMID: 36170655 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult immunization coverage remains low in the US, particularly for people who use drugs (PWUD), a population that experiences a disproportionate burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. The extent of and characteristics associated with vaccine confidence (VC) held by PWUD is poorly understood. As VC strongly correlates with vaccine uptake, this cross-sectional study identifies mutable factors associated with VC and quantifies its relationship to immunization status within a highly vulnerable, underimmunized population of PWUD. Using a community-engaged research strategy with select partner organizations hosting syringe exchange programs in Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Las Vegas, USA, we surveyed participants ages 18-69 years served by these organizations from 2019 to 2020. Survey measures included sociodemographics, health behavior including immunization receipt, and vaccine confidence in adult vaccinations using a modified Emory Vaccine Confidence Index (EVCI). The findings reflect relatively low VC among the 1,127 recruited participants, with 56% expressing low VC (EVCI 0-12), 35% medium (EVCI 13-20) and 10% high (EVCI 21-24). EVCI varied by city, with lowest confidence in Atlanta and highest in Las Vegas. VC was associated with past receipt of specific vaccines, including hepatitis A, MMR, Tdap, and influenza. VC varied by specific sociodemographic correlates such as housing insecurity (reduced confidence) and receipt of public benefits or disability (increased confidence). This study identified correlates associated with VC based on site and sociodemographic characteristics for this priority population, highlighting the need for specific interventions to raise VC among PWUD, especially among those experiencing housing insecurity and without public benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Frew
- Schools of Public Health, Medicine, and Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jay T Schamel
- Schools of Public Health, Medicine, and Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Laura A Randall
- Schools of Public Health, Medicine, and Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Adrian R King
- Schools of Public Health, Medicine, and Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,Population Health & Health Equity Initiative, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Anne C Spaulding
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wu
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Southern California HIV/AIDS Policy Research Center, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy, and Practice, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Southern California HIV/AIDS Policy Research Center, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,UCLA Hub for Health Intervention, Policy, and Practice, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Orr CA, Gordon R. Using Health Behavior Theory to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Communication and Messaging Interventions. THE AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST 2022:00027642221138274. [PMCID: PMC9703017 DOI: 10.1177/00027642221138274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has been among the most vexing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, ultimately leading to maladaptive health behaviors such as vaccine delay and refusal. A variety of approaches have been employed to address this problem, including communication and messaging interventions targeting the underlying determinants of vaccine hesitancy. However, there exists no published evidence synthesis examining how such interventions are using health behavior theory to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of health communication and messaging interventions aimed at addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and to systematically evaluate the use of health behavior theory in the design of these interventions. The review followed a five-step iterative framework proposed by Levac and colleagues. Comprehensive searches using an exhaustive list of keyword combinations were used across three online databases to identify articles to screen for inclusion. A structured, validated coding scheme was then applied to assess the use of health behavior theory. Additional study data were extracted using a separate structured form. A total of 36 articles published between January 2020 and February 2022 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten studies (27.7%) did not mention or use health behavior theory at all. Most studies (n = 26) at least mentioned theory or theory-relevant constructs, with 26 different theories and 52 different theoretical constructs represented in the sample. Although theory and theoretical determinants of vaccination behavior were often mentioned, few studies used theory to specify and target causal pathways of behavior change, and only one study targeted misinformation as a determinant of vaccine hesitancy. The findings from this review provide critical insight into the state of theory-based intervention design and point to significant gaps in the literature to prioritize in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Orr
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ruthanna Gordon
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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El-Ghitany EM, Ashour A, Omran EA, Farghaly AG, Hassaan MA, Azzam NFAEM. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates and predictors among the Egyptian general population and Healthcare workers, the intersectionality of age and other factors. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19832. [PMID: 36400940 PMCID: PMC9672568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of COVID-19 vaccines in ending the pandemic can only be achieved by overcoming the challenge of vaccine refusal. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the trusted advisors of vaccination decisions. Recommendations for vaccinating children against COVID-19 are recently gaining more public health attention due to the role of children in disease transmission and associated morbidities. Vaccination is one of the first medical decisions parents or guardians make on behalf of their children. To investigate the determinants associated with vaccine acceptability among the general population through a direct interview questionnaire and assess guardians' views towards childhood COVID-19 vaccinations. This cross-sectional study included 2919 participants A pre-designed structured questionnaire about COVID-19 vaccination acceptability was completed by trained interviewers and interviewing the participants or their guardians (for those below 18 years old). Nearly two-thirds of participants (66.5%) accepted vaccination, 20.2% were refusing and 13.3% were hesitant. Most participants who were guardians of children below 12 years and from 13 to 17 years reported that they would accept vaccination of their children (72.5% and 70.5%, respectively). The acceptance rate among HCWs was 58.2%. The main reasons beyond vaccine refusal were mistrust of vaccine efficacy (39.5%) and having concerns regarding vaccine safety (38.8%). In a multivariable regression model, being male (OR 1.362, 95% CI 1.082-1.714, p = 0.008) resident in rural area (OR 1.796, 95% CI 1.435-2.247, p = 0.000), and lower education (OR 1.245, 95% CI 1.018-1.523, p = 0.033) were associated with an increased acceptance to be vaccinated. The acceptance rate for vaccinating children reported among their guardians was higher than adults for themselves. Extremes of age showed higher vaccine acceptance compared to young adults. Upper Egypt governorates (Faiyum and Giza) were outpacing Lower Egypt governorates in vaccination acceptance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Ayat Ashour
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Family Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Eman A. Omran
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Hassaan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Fawzy Abd El-Moez Azzam
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526 Egypt
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Abdulhamid I, Usmael N, Shaweno T. Willingness to Accept COVID-19 Vaccine and Associated Factors Among Adult Household Members in Dire Dawa City Administration, East Ethiopia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:2977-2988. [PMID: 36345291 PMCID: PMC9636885 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s380393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine is a vital strategy to prevent and control this pandemic. This will depend principally on people's acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine. We aimed to determine the willingness to accept COVID vaccine among adult household members of Dire Dawa city administration. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 634 adult household members in the Dire Dawa city administration during January 16-31/2022. Data were collected using face-to-face interview. Extent of willingness was estimated using participants' self-report. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted, and statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine was 28.4% (95% CI 25.1, 31.5) in the study setting. The odds of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine was higher for household members living without at least one chronic disease (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.10, 2.70), who had good knowledge score (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.31, 2.18) and positive attitude score (AOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.1, 14.5) compared to their counterparts, respectively. The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine among household members with good knowledge score was 47.4 (95% CI 42.1, 52.7) and 15.5 (95% CI 8.7, 22.2) among those with poor knowledge. Nearly, 90% of the study participants had limited knowledge about COVID 19 vaccine. Conclusion The estimated willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine in the study setting is very low and far from the set target to be reached by the end of 2022. Being free from chronic disease, and having good knowledge and positive attitude about COVID-19 vaccine were the main drivers for willingness. Public awareness directed to increase knowledge about COVID-19 vaccine and attitude change strategies should be scaled up to increase the COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Moreover, those individuals with chronic diseases need special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nejib Usmael
- Dire Dawa Administration Regional Health Bureau, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Shaweno
- Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khare MM, Zimmermann K, Kazungu FK, Pluta D, Ng A, Mercadante AR, Law AV. COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes and Barriers among Unvaccinated Residents in Rural Northern/Central Illinois. Ethn Dis 2022; 32:305-314. [PMID: 36388860 PMCID: PMC9590596 DOI: 10.18865/ed.32.4.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rural communities have lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake and poorer health outcomes compared to non-rural communities, including in rural, northern/central Illinois. Understanding community perceptions about vaccination is critical for developing targeted responses to improve vaccine uptake in rural communities and meet global vaccination targets. Purpose This study examines COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and barriers as well as the impact of COVID-19 on specific health behaviors of residents in rural northern/central Illinois to inform efforts to increase vaccine uptake. Methods In collaboration with community partners and local health departments, we conducted a 54-item, English-language, online questionnaire from Feb 11 to March 22, 2021; the questionnaire included the COVID behavioral questionnaire scale (CoBQ), as well as questions on intention to vaccinate, vaccination attitudes, and barriers to vaccine access. Descriptive and bivariate analyses assessed participant differences based on intention to vaccinate. Results Most unvaccinated survey respondents (n = 121) were White (89.3%) and female (78.5%), with an average age of 52.3±14.1 years. Lack of intention to vaccinate was negatively associated with trust in the science behind vaccine development (P = .040), belief in the safety of the vaccine (P = .005) and belief that the vaccine was needed (P=.050). CoBQ scores of respondents who intended to get vaccinated differed significantly from those who did not (P<.001), showing a greater negative impact of COVID-19 on engaging in health behaviors for vaccine-hesitant participants. Conclusion Study findings show mistrust of science and lack of confidence in vaccine safety are barriers to vaccination in rural northern Illinois residents. Similar results have been reported in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama M. Khare
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL, Address correspondence to Manorama M. Khare, PhD, MS; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL;
| | - Kristine Zimmermann
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL,Community Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Francis K. Kazungu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL
| | - David Pluta
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford, Rockford, IL
| | - Alexia Ng
- Center for Research on Women and Gender, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Anandi V. Law
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
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35
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Ojewale LY, Afolabi RF, Ogunniyi A. COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude and Its Predictors Among People Living With Chronic Health Conditions in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604811. [PMID: 36312316 PMCID: PMC9613940 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess vaccination attitude and its associated factors among people with chronic health conditions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were 423 patients with chronic medical conditions. Data were collected on socio-demographic and COVID-19-related characteristics, via Open Data Kit software. A Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) Scale was adopted. The main outcome was vaccine attitude status defined as positive if a VAX sum score was above the median value; otherwise, non-positive. Data were analysed using Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses, at 5% level of significance. Results: Overall proportion of patients with a positive attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination uptake was 46.6%. The most influential factor towards positive attitude was rating the government high in handling the pandemic. Other factors were education, income, COVID-19 knowledge and living room arrangement (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Less than half of people living with a chronic medical condition had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine. The attitudes are strongly mediated by confidence in the government. The government could promote a positive vaccine attitude by improving the clarity of health instructions that shows government transparency and effective communication. These are critical tools for maintaining public trust and confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Yetunde Ojewale
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Lucia Yetunde Ojewale,
| | - Rotimi Felix Afolabi
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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36
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Pattanshetty S, Pardesi M, Gudi N. A Comparative Analysis on the Social Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in Fragile and Conflict Affected Settings and Non-fragile and Conflict Affected Settings. Int J Health Policy Manag 2022; 12:6830. [PMID: 36300252 PMCID: PMC10125044 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2022.6830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has coerced various resources of all the countries. While the high-income nations redirected financial and human resources to understand specific determinants of vaccination coverage, fragile and conflict-affected setting (FCS) nations were waiting for global bodies to cater to their ever-growing need for vaccines and other lifesaving drugs. This study aimed to determine various factors influencing vaccine coverage in the FCS context. METHODS World Bank's classification of FCS states was the primary source for country classification. The study utilized data from various other open sources. The study models cross-country inequities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage and we have employed multi-variate log-linear regressions to understand the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine coverage and cross-country macro-level determinants. The analysis was conducted on two samples, non-FCS Countries and the FCS countries. RESULTS Socio-economic determinants such as gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, socioeconomic resilience; health system determinants such as density of human resources, government spending on health expenditure; and political determinants such as effective government, more power to regional governments, political stability and absence of violence play a pivotal role in vaccine coverage. We also found that FCS countries with a higher share of people strongly believing in the vaccine effectiveness have a positive association with COVID-19 vaccine coverage. CONCLUSION The study confirmed that political factors, government effectiveness and political stability are also important determinants of vaccine coverage. The result further draws attention to few policy implications such as promoting future research to explore the linkages between the perceived equality before the law and individual liberty and its effect on vaccination coverage in the FCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pattanshetty
- Department of Global Health Governance, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mantej Pardesi
- Department of Microeconomics and Public Economics, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nachiket Gudi
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Department of Health Information, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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37
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McElfish PA, Rowland B, Hall S, CarlLee S, Reece S, Macechko MD, Shah SK, Rojo MO, Riklon S, Richard-Davis G, Marin LP, Laelan M, Maddison BK, Alik E, Selig JP. Comparing community-driven COVID-19 vaccine distribution methods: Faith-based organizations vs. outpatient clinics. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:6081-6086. [PMID: 36618221 PMCID: PMC9810872 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_327_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Minority and low socioeconomic communities may face practical barriers to vaccination, including decreased access to health care and less trust in healthcare organizations; however, few studies have focused on these barriers as the cause of differential vaccine uptake. We worked with community partners to implement and evaluate two community-driven approaches to COVID-19 vaccination distribution-through faith-based organizations (FBOs) and outpatient clinics-with a focus on understanding the differences between the populations who accessed each distribution method. Methodology Participants who came to the vaccination locations were approached and asked to complete a survey during their 15 min post-vaccination observation period. Differences between distribution locations were examined using Chi-square tests. Results The survey rendered 1,476 valid responses, with a total of 927 participants recruited at clinical locations and 519 at FBOs during vaccination events. There were significant differences by race/ethnicity, with distribution methods at FBOs reaching a higher proportion of Hispanic/Latino and Marshallese participants. The proportion of uninsured participants who had lower health literacy and had lower educational attainment was higher with the FBO distribution method. FBO participants were more likely to report "completely" trusting the COVID-19 vaccine. There was no significant difference between FBO and clinic participants with regard to the level of vaccine hesitancy. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to access. Conclusion A higher proportion of Hispanic/Latino and Marshallese participants utilized FBOs for vaccination, suggesting collaborations with FBOs can potentially increase vaccination uptake among minority communities and help mitigate vaccination disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl A. McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pearl A. McElfish, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA. E-mail:
| | - Brett Rowland
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Spencer Hall
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sheena CarlLee
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sharon Reece
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael D. Macechko
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sumit K. Shah
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Martha O. Rojo
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sheldon Riklon
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Gloria Richard-Davis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Luis Paganelli Marin
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Melisa Laelan
- Arkansas Coalition of Marshallese, Springdale, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Eldon Alik
- Republic of the Marshall Islands Consulate, Springdale, Arkansas, USA
| | - James P. Selig
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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Teh HS, Woon YL, Leong CT, Hing NYL, Mien TYS, Roope LS, Clarke PM, Lim LL, Buckell J. Malaysian public preferences and decision making for COVID-19 vaccination: A discrete choice experiment. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 27:100534. [PMID: 35966625 PMCID: PMC9359905 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low vaccine uptake has the potential to seriously undermine COVID-19 vaccination programs, as very high coverage levels are likely to be needed for virus suppression to return life to normal. We aimed to determine the influence of vaccine attributes (including access costs) on COVID-19 vaccination preferences among the Malaysian public to improve national uptake. METHODS An online Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was conducted on a representative sample of 2028 Malaysians. Respondents were asked to make vaccination decisions in a series of hypothetical scenarios. A nested, mixed logit model was used to estimate the preferences for vaccination over vaccine refusal and for how those preferences varied between different sub-populations. The attributes were the risk of developing severe side effects of the vaccine, vaccine effectiveness, vaccine content, vaccination schedule, and distance from home to vaccination centre. FINDINGS Reported public uptake of COVID-19 vaccination was primarily influenced by the risk of developing severe side effects (b = -1·747, 95% CI = -2·269, -1·225), vaccine effectiveness (b = 3·061, 95% CI = 2·628, 3·494) and its Halal status (b = 3·722, 95% CI = 3·152, 4·292). Other factors such as appointment timing and travel distance to the vaccination centre also had an effect on vaccine uptake. There was substantial heterogeneity in preferences between different populations, particularly for age groups, ethnicity, regions, and underlying health conditions. INTERPRETATION Perceived effectiveness and side effects are likely to affect COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Malaysia. Halal content is critical to Malays' vaccination choices. Reducing the physical distance to vaccination centres, particularly in rural areas where uptake is lower, is likely to improve uptake. FUNDING Ministry of Health Research Grant from the Malaysian government [NIH/800-3/2/1 Jld.7(46), grant reference no: 57377 and warrant no: 91000776].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Shien Teh
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Liang Woon
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Tho Leong
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas Yee Liang Hing
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teresa Yong Sui Mien
- Institute for Health Behavioral Research, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Persiaran Setia Murni, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Laurence S.J. Roope
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Philip M. Clarke
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Buckell
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
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Marzo RR, Shrestha R, Sapkota B, Acharya S, Shrestha N, Pokharel M, Ahmad A, Patalinghug ME, Rahman F, Salim ZR, Bicer BK, Lotfizadeh M, Wegdan B, de Moura Villela EF, Jermsittiparsert K, Hamza NA, Saleeb MR, Respati T, Fitriyana S, Bhattacharya S, Heidler P, Qalati SA, Aung Y, Abid K, Abeje TA, Pokhrel A, Roien R, King I, Su TT. Perception towards vaccine effectiveness in controlling COVID-19 spread in rural and urban communities: A global survey. Front Public Health 2022; 10:958668. [PMID: 36225763 PMCID: PMC9548880 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.958668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several studies exhibited varying reports of perception toward vaccine effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines. As this fluctuated with evidence generation, this study explored the perception toward vaccine effectiveness in rural and urban communities among various countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted online from April to August 2021 using convenience sampling among people from different countries approved by the Asia Metropolitan University Medical Research and Ethics. We adapted the questionnaire from the World Health Organization's (WHO) survey tool and guidance on COVID-19. The logistic regression models were performed to show perception toward vaccine effectiveness. Results A total of 5,673 participants responded to the online survey. Overall, 64% of participants agreed that the vaccine effectively controlled viral spread, and 23% agreed that there was no need for vaccination if others were vaccinated. Males had 14% higher odds of believing that there was no need for vaccination. Less social media users had 39% higher odds of developing the belief that there is no need for vaccination than all other people vaccinated. Conclusion People's perceptions toward vaccine acceptance have fluctuated with the information flow in various social media and the severity of COVID-19 cases. Therefore, it is important that the current scenario of peoples' perception toward vaccine acceptance and determinants affecting the acceptance are explored to promote the vaccination approach against COVID-19 prevention and transmission effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R. Marzo
- Department of Community Medicine, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia,Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Asia Metropolitan University, Masai, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Roy R. Marzo
| | - Rajeev Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacy, District Hospital Lamjung, Besisahar, Nepal,Rajeev Shrestha
| | - Binaya Sapkota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nobel College, Affiliated to Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Swosti Acharya
- Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nita Shrestha
- Nepal Health Research and Innovation Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Absar Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Jamshedpur, India
| | - Mark E. Patalinghug
- School of Criminal Justice Education, J.H. Cerilles State College, Zamboanga, Philippines
| | - Farzana Rahman
- Administration and Research, Bangladesh National Nutrition Council, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zahir R. Salim
- College of Business Administration, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Burcu K. Bicer
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Masoud Lotfizadeh
- Department of Community Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
| | - Baniissa Wegdan
- College of Health Sciences/Nursing Department, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Edlaine F. de Moura Villela
- Public Policies, Education and Communication, Disease Control Coordination, São Paulo State Health Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kittisak Jermsittiparsert
- Faculty of Administrative, Economic and Social Sciences, University of City Island, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Nouran A. Hamza
- Medical Agency for Research and Statistics, Giza, Egypt,Clinical Research Key, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Marina R. Saleeb
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Agency for Research and Statistics, Giza, Egypt
| | - Titik Respati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Susan Fitriyana
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Petra Heidler
- Department for Economy and Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University for Continuing Education Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria,Department of Health Sciences, St. Pölten University of Applied Sciences, St. Pölten, Austria,Department of International Business and Export Management, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria,Petra Heidler
| | | | - Yadanar Aung
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Myanmar
| | - Khadijah Abid
- Department of Public Health, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tayachew A. Abeje
- Department of Biology MSc. in Genetics, Mizan Tepi University, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Ashmita Pokhrel
- Department of Nursing, Lumbini Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Tansen, Nepal
| | - Rohullah Roien
- Medical Research Center, Kateb University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Isabel King
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Global Public Health, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia,South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Monash University Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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Gilmore B, Gerlach N, Abreu Lopes C, Diallo AA, Bhattacharyya S, de Claro V, Ndejjo R, Nyamupachitu Mago E, Tchetchia A. Community engagement to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake: a living systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063057. [PMID: 36127122 PMCID: PMC9490295 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Widespread vaccination against COVID-19 is one of the most effective ways to control, and ideally, end the global COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy and vaccine rates vary widely across countries and populations and are influenced by complex sociocultural, political, economic and psychological factors. Community engagement is an integral strategy within immunisation campaigns and has been shown to improve vaccine acceptance. As evidence on community engagement to support COVID-19 vaccine uptake is emerging and constantly changing, research that lessens the knowledge-to-practice gap by providing regular and up-to-date evidence on current best-practice is essential. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A living systematic review will be conducted which includes an initial systematic review and bimonthly review updates. Searching and screening for the review and subsequent updates will be done in four streams: a systematic search of six databases, grey literature review, preprint review and citizen sourcing. The screening will be done by a minimum of two reviewers at title/abstract and full-text in Covidence, a systematic review management software. Data will be extracted across predefined fields in an excel spreadsheet that includes information about article characteristics, context and population, community engagement approaches, and outcomes. Synthesis will occur using the convergent integrated approach. We will explore the potential to quantitatively synthesise primary outcomes depending on heterogeneity of the studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The initial review and subsequent bimonthly searches and their results will be disseminated transparently via open-access methods. Quarterly briefs will be shared on the reviews' social media platforms and across other interested networks and repositories. A dedicated web link will be created on the Community Health-Community of Practice site for sharing findings and obtaining feedback. A mailing list will be developed and interested parties can subscribe for updates. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022301996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynne Gilmore
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nina Gerlach
- UCD Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Education and Innovation in Health Systems (UCD IRIS), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Abreu Lopes
- International Institute for Global Health United Nations University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alpha A Diallo
- READ-GROUP, Conakry, Guinea
- Health Research Ethics Committee, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Sanghita Bhattacharyya
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Community Health-Community of Practice Collectivity, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Vergil de Claro
- RTI International, Pasig City, Philippines
- Evidence for Health, Pasig City, Philippines
| | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Adalbert Tchetchia
- Community Health-Community of Practice Collectivity, United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters, New York City, New York, USA
- Expanded Programme on Immunization, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Kafadar AH, Tekeli GG, Jones KA, Stephan B, Dening T. Determinants for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the general population: a systematic review of reviews. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GESUNDHEITSWISSENSCHAFTEN = JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 31:1-17. [PMID: 36160668 PMCID: PMC9483252 DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim Although multiple COVID-19 vaccines are approved for global use, vaccine hesitancy poses a substantial risk for global health. Therefore, the aim of this umbrella review is to identify those factors that influence COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the general population. This is necessary to improve the effectiveness of future vaccination programmes. Methods PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, and PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) were searched on December 21, 2021. This review included reviews which investigated factors of intention, willingness, or hesitancy with regard to the COVID-19 vaccination in adult populations, with no restrictions on setting. Content-based structure was used to synthesise the extracted data. The findings were presented based on the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) Working Group Model for vaccine hesitancy. Results A total of 3,392 studies were identified, of which 31 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently documented factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy included contextual factors, such as sex, age, and social inequalities; individual and group factors, such as trust in the healthcare system, public health authorities, and governments, and history of vaccination; vaccine-specific factors, such as concern for vaccine safety, perceived vaccine barriers, perceived effectiveness of vaccines, and concern about the rapid development of the vaccine; and disease-specific factors, such as fear of being infected with COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and knowledge of COVID-19. Conclusion There are multiple factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Our findings lay the foundation to further understand COVID-19 vaccination uptake and provide possible targets for intervention programmes. However, there are gaps in research concerning certain populations, including vaccination in people with mental disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01753-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Humeyra Kafadar
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU UK
| | - Gamze Gizem Tekeli
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Katy A. Jones
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Blossom Stephan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tom Dening
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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The connection between COVID-19 vaccine abundance, vaccination coverage, and public trust in government across the globe. Vaccine 2022; 40:6211-6217. [PMID: 36123260 PMCID: PMC9477190 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates that how the
number of COVID-19 vaccines secured correlates with the vaccination
coverage (full and booster) depending on whether there is trust in
national government or not across 47 countries. The data are based on
global figures as of Nov. 2021 and Feb. 2022 while measures for
confidence in government is according to Gallup World Poll, Oct. 2021.
The model includes an interaction term of the two key variables, also
controls for a range of socio-economic factors and country specific
variables. The results indicate a non-linear and mixed relationship
between the numbers secured, the public trust, and the vaccination rate.
In Feb. 2022, with confidence in government, securing number of vaccines
to cover 200% of the population (or more) increased the full vaccination
rate by 12.26% (95% CI: 11.70 - 12.81); where number secured was 300% (or
more), the coverage increased by 7.46% (95% CI: 6.95 - 7.97). Under
similar scenarios, rate of booster shots increased by 13.16% (95% CI:
12.62 - 13.70; p < 0.01) and 14.36% (95% CI:
13.86 - 14.85; p < 0.01), respectively. Where
the number secured fell below 200%, confidence in government had a revers
relationship with the rate of full vaccination (-2.65; 95% CI: -3.32 -
-1.99), yet positive with the rate of booster shots (1.65; 95% CI: 1.18 -
2.12). These results indicate that better success can be achieved by a
combination of factors including securing sufficient number of vaccines
and also ensuring the public trust. Vaccine abundance, however, cannot be
translated into greater success in vaccination coverage. This study
highlights the importance of efficiency in acquiring vaccine resources
and need for improvement in public belief in immunization programmes
rather than stock piling.
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Sethy G, Chisema M, Sharma L, Joshi K, Singhal S, Omar Nicks P, Macheso S, Damte T, Eleonore Ba A, Mitambo C, Thomas M, Laher B, Phuka J. COVID-19 vaccine express strategy in Malawi: An effort to reach the un-reach. Vaccine 2022; 40:5089-5094. [PMID: 35871867 PMCID: PMC9291406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To establish the impact of “Covid-19 Vaccination express” (CVE) on vaccine uptake in Malawi Design Retrospective cross-sectional study to compare the daily vaccine administration rate in CVE and routine covid vaccination (RCV). RCV data was collected from March 2021 to October 2021. The data regarding CVE was collected from 5 November 2021 to 31 December 2021. Data was collected regarding (1) the total number and type of vaccine doses administered and (2) Demographic details like age, gender, occupation, presence of comorbidities, the first dose, or the second dose of the people who received a vaccine. Results From March-December 2021, a total of 1,866,623 COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered, out of which 1,290,145 doses were administered at a mean daily vaccination rate of 1854 (95% CI: 1292-2415) doses as a part of RCV, and 576,478 doses were administered at a mean daily vaccination rate of 3312 (95% CI: 2377-4248) doses as a part of CVE. Comparing the mean daily doses (Astra Zeneca, AZ doses 1 & 2) administered in the CVE and RCV showed that the mean daily doses of AZ vaccine administered were significantly higher in the CVE (p<0.05). Conclusion CVE successfully increased the uptake of the Covid-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Krupal Joshi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science -Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
| | - Sanjay Singhal
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science -Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | | | - Tedla Damte
- UNICEF Country Office, Malawi; LIKA UFPE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mavuto Thomas
- Health Education Services, Ministry of Health, Malawi
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Reilev M, Olesen M, Kildegaard H, Støvring H, Andersen JH, Hallas J, Lund LC, Ladebo L, Ernst MT, Damkier P, Jensen PB, Pottegård A, Rasmussen L. Changing characteristics over time of individuals receiving COVID-19 vaccines in Denmark: A population-based descriptive study of vaccine uptake. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:686-692. [PMID: 35799465 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221108246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The Danish authorities implemented a differential rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines where individuals at high risk of COVID-19 were prioritized. We describe the temporal uptake and characteristics of COVID-19 vaccine recipients in Denmark. METHODS Using nationwide healthcare registries, we identified all Danish residents ⩾5 years of age who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine from 27 December 2020-29 January 2022. We charted the daily number of newly vaccinated individuals and the cumulative vaccine coverage over time, stratified by vaccine type, age groups and vaccination priority groups, and described characteristics of vaccine recipients during two-month-intervals and in vaccination priority groups. RESULTS By 29 January 2022, 88%, 86% and 64% of Danish residents ⩾5 years (n=5,562,008) had received a first, second and third dose, respectively, of a COVID-19 vaccine, most commonly the BNT162b2 vaccine (84%). Uptake ranged from 48% in 5-11-year-olds to 98% in 65-74-year-olds. Individuals vaccinated before June 2021 were older (median age 61-70 years vs 10-35 years in later periods) and had more comorbidities such as hypertension (22-28% vs 0.77-2.8% in later periods), chronic lung disease (9.4-15% vs 3.7-4.6% in later periods) and diabetes (9.3-12% vs 0.91-2.4% in later periods). CONCLUSIONS We document substantial changes over time in, for example, age, sex and medical history of COVID-19 vaccine recipients. Though these results are related to the differential vaccine rollout in Denmark, similar findings are probable in other countries and should be considered when designing and interpreting studies on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Reilev
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Morten Olesen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Helene Kildegaard
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Henrik Støvring
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Jacob H Andersen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hallas
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Lund
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Louise Ladebo
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Martin T Ernst
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Per Damkier
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Peter B Jensen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Anton Pottegård
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Lotte Rasmussen
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
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Yehualashet DE, Seboka BT, Tesfa GA, Mamo TT, Yawo MN, Hailegebreal S. Prevalence and Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among the Ethiopian Population: A Systematic Review. Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1433-1445. [PMID: 35937966 PMCID: PMC9346414 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s368057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although vaccination is the most effective way to end the COVID-19 pandemic, there are growing concerns that vaccine hesitancy may undermine its effectiveness. In Ethiopia, vaccine hesitancy forms a major challenge to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This systematic review examined the prevalence and determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the Ethiopian population. Methods A systematic search of articles was conducted in PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar. Studies that evaluated the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Ethiopia were included. The identified determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were analyzed based on the frequency of occurrence in the included studies. Results The overall COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy level in the Ethiopian population ranged from 14.1% to 68.7%. The high COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy rate observed in this study was due to contextual factors, individual factors, and vaccine-specific factors. Young age, female sex, living in rural areas, lack of adequate information, and lower education are the most common contextual determinants of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Lack of awareness about the COVID-19 vaccine, low risk of COVID-19, poor adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies, and negative attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine are the most frequently reported personal factors. Common vaccine-specific determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitation are the side effects of the vaccine and doubts about its effectiveness of the vaccine. Conclusion Our review showed that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains highly prevalent and varied across regions of Ethiopia, with a wide variety of factors associated with it. Potential interventions on the benefits of vaccination and the adverse effects of vaccine rejection are crucial to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake among the Ethiopian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet
- School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Delelegn Emwodew Yehualashet, School of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia, Tel +251 976061907, Email
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Peters MD. Addressing vaccine hesitancy and resistance for COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 131:104241. [PMID: 35489108 PMCID: PMC8972969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccine rollout has had various degrees of success in different countries. Achieving high levels of vaccine coverage is key to responding to and mitigating the impact of the pandemic on health and aged care systems and the community. In many countries, vaccine hesitancy, resistance, and refusal are emerging as significant barriers to immunisation uptake and the relaxation of policies that limit everyday life. Vaccine hesitancy/ resistance/ refusal is complex and multi-faceted. Individuals and groups have diverse and often multiple reasons for delaying or refusing vaccination. These reasons include: social determinants of health, convenience, ease of availability and access, health literacy understandability and clarity of information, judgements around risk versus benefit, notions of collective versus individual responsibility, trust or mistrust of authority or healthcare, and personal or group beliefs, customs, or ideologies. Published evidence suggests that targeting and adapting interventions to particular population groups, contexts, and specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy/ resistance may enhance the effectiveness of interventions. While evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to address vaccine hesitancy and improve uptake is limited and generally unable to underpin any specific strategy, multi-pronged interventions are promising. In many settings, mandating vaccination, particularly for those working in health or high risk/ transmission industries, has been implemented or debated by Governments, decision-makers, and health authorities. While mandatory vaccination is effective for seasonal influenza uptake amongst healthcare workers, this evidence may not be appropriately transferred to the context of COVID-19. Financial or other incentives for addressing vaccine hesitancy may have limited effectiveness with much evidence for benefit appearing to have been translated across from other public/preventive health issues such as smoking cessation. Multicomponent, dialogue-based (i.e., communication) interventions are effective in addressing vaccine hesitancy/resistance. Multicomponent interventions that encompasses the following might be effective: (i) targeting specific groups such as unvaccinated/under-vaccinated groups or healthcare workers, (ii) increasing vaccine knowledge and awareness, (iii) enhanced access and convenience of vaccination, (iv) mandating vaccination or implementing sanctions against non-vaccination, (v) engaging religious and community leaders, (vi) embedding new vaccine knowledge and evidence in routine health practices and procedures, and (vii) addressing mistrust and improving trust in healthcare providers and institutions via genuine engagement and dialogue. It is universally important that healthcare professionals and representative groups, as often highly trusted sources of health guidance, should be closely involved in policymaker and health authority decisions regarding the establishment and implementation of vaccine recommendations and interventions to address vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah D.J. Peters
- University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, City East Campus
- Centenary Building P4-32 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide Nursing School, Adelaide, SA, Australia,The Centre for Evidence-based Practice South Australia (CEPSA): A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Australia,Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (ANMF) Federal Office, Australia,Correspondence to: University of South Australia, Clinical and Health Sciences, Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, City East Campus
- Centenary Building P4-32 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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De-Los-Rios-Pinto A, Fernandez-Guzman D, Soriano-Moreno DR, Sangster-Carrasco L, Morocho-Alburqueque N, Pinedo-Soria A, Murrieta-Ruiz V, Diaz-Corrales A, Alave J, Nieto-Gutierrez W, Gonzales-Zamora J. Factors associated with the intention to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials: A cross-sectional study in Peru. Vaccine 2022; 40:3566-3572. [PMID: 35589452 PMCID: PMC8986477 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the factors associated with the intention to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials in the Peruvian population. METHODS Cross-sectional study and secondary analysis of a database that involved Peruvian population during September 2020. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the associated factors. RESULTS Data from 3231 individuals were analyzed, 44.1% of whom intended to participate in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Factors associated with the outcome were being male (RPa: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.15-1.35), being from the highlands region (RPa: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09-1.28) or jungle (RPa: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.15-1.47), having a relative that is a healthcare professional (PRa: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06-1.28), using a medical source of information (PRa: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17-1.41), and trusting in the possible effectiveness of vaccines (PRa: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.29-1.51). The main reason for not participating in the trial was the possibility of developing side effects (69.80%). CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to generate a perception of safety in COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, to increase the population's intention to participate in these studies, and to provide evidence-based information about the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham De-Los-Rios-Pinto
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Guzman
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru,Grupo Peruano de Investigación Epidemiológica, Unidad para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Perú
| | - David R. Soriano-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Antony Pinedo-Soria
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Tarapoto, Peru
| | - Valentina Murrieta-Ruiz
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Facultad de Medicina Humana Rafael Donayre Rojas, Iquitos, Loreto, Perú
| | - Angelica Diaz-Corrales
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Chiclayo, Lambayeque, Peru
| | - Jorge Alave
- Universidad Peruana Union, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Lima, Peru,Deparment of Medicine, Clinica Good Hope, Lima, Peru
| | - Wendy Nieto-Gutierrez
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación de Síntesis de Evidencia en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru,Corresponding author
| | - Jose Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA,Peruvian American Medical Society, USA
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Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake in a Transborder Population at the Mexico–Guatemala Border, September–November 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116919. [PMID: 35682502 PMCID: PMC9179951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Assessing COVID-19 vaccination uptake of transborder populations is critical for informing public health policies. We conducted a probability (time-venue) survey of adults crossing from Mexico into Guatemala from September to November 2021, with the objective of describing COVID-19 vaccination status, willingness to get vaccinated, and associated factors. The main outcomes were receipt of ≥1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, being fully vaccinated, and willingness to get vaccinated. We assessed the association of outcomes with sociodemographic characteristics using logistic regressions. Of 6518 participants, 50.6% (95%CI 48.3,53.0) were vaccinated (at least one dose); 23.3% (95%CI 21.4,25.2) were unvaccinated but willing to get vaccinated, and 26.1% (95%CI 24.1,28.3) were unvaccinated and unwilling to get vaccinated. Those living in Mexico, independent of country of birth, had the highest proportion vaccinated. The main reason for unwillingness was fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccines (47.7%, 95%CI 43.6,51.9). Education level was positively associated with the odds of partial and full vaccination as well as willingness to get vaccinated. People identified as Catholic had higher odds of getting vaccinated and being fully vaccinated than members of other religious groups or the non-religious. Further studies should explore barriers to vaccination among those willing to get vaccinated and the motives of the unwilling.
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Luo W, Song S. Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Chinese COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Young Adults in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:825874. [PMID: 35719675 PMCID: PMC9203884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.825874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Survey-based research has provided us with breadth regarding perceived benefits and barriers to COVID-19 vaccination among Chinese people. Most such research has been conducted within hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine contexts, and few studies are specific to young adults aged 18–40, a pivotal target population for COVID-19 vaccination. Now that the Sinopharm and Sinovac COVID-19 vaccines have been conditionally approved in China, qualitative investigation of young adults' perceptions of benefits and barriers to taking them is warranted. Such research may suggest potential candidate themes in the COVID-19 vaccination promotional messages targeting this population. Through in-depth interviews with 55 Chinese young adults and thematic analysis guided by the health belief model, social benefits and worry reduction emerged as significant positive factors in young adults' intention to vaccinate. Several novel barriers emerged as well, including perceptions that the vaccines' advantages are weak relative to non-medical preventions and beliefs regarding Ti Zhi (the individual human constitution), which confused some participants about their suitability for vaccination. The study also identified two modifying factors, trust in the government and perceived vaccine information insufficiency, both of which appeared to be indirectly associated with vaccination intention by augmenting the perceived barriers. The results suggest that more attention could be paid to young adults' cultural background when developing relevant health communications.
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Ao Q, Egolet RO, Yin H, Cui F. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines among Adults in Lilongwe, Malawi: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Health Belief Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050760. [PMID: 35632516 PMCID: PMC9144805 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant economic and social impact on Malawi. Promoting vaccination is a key protection measure against COVID-19. Employing the health beliefs model (HBM), this study explores various factors that influence COVID-19 vaccination acceptance (intentions and behavior) among adult residents of Malawi. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A field-based survey was conducted among adult residents in Lilongwe, Malawi. Descriptive statistics, linear regression, the Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation statistics were used for data analysis. A total of 758 questionnaires were involved. Respondents aged 18–24 (OR = 5.079, 95% CI 2.303–11.202), 25–34 (OR = 2.723, 95% CI 1.363–5.438), urban residents (OR = 1.915, 95% CI 1.151–3.187), graduates/professionals (OR = 1.193, 95% CI 0.857–1.651), health workers (OR = 4.080, 95% CI 1.387–12.000), perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.787, 95% CI 1.226–2.605), perceived benefit (OR = 2.992, 95% CI 1.851–4.834), and action cues (OR = 2.001, 95% CI 1.285–3.115) were predictors for “acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine”. The health belief model structure can be used as a good predictor of vaccine acceptance, especially “perceived susceptibility,” “perceived benefit,” and “action cues”. Strengthening COVID-19 vaccine education in these areas will be an important future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ao
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Robert Okia Egolet
- Global Health Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Health Sciences, Peking University, P.O. Box 166, Lilongwe 265, Malawi;
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.A.); (F.C.)
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Fuqiang Cui
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Q.A.); (F.C.)
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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