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Mostafa ME, Agongo J, Grady SF, Pyles K, McCommis KS, Arnatt CK, Ford DA, Edwards JL. Double Cyclization Tandem Mass for Identification and Quantification of Phosphatidylcholines Using Isobaric Six-Plex Capillary nLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1403-1412. [PMID: 38870035 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Multiplexing of phosphatidylcholine analysis is hindered by a lack of appropriate derivatization. Presented here is a tagging scheme that uses a quaternary amine tag and targets the hydroxy group of the phosphate, which switches the net charge from neutral to +2. Quantitative yields were achieved from >99% reaction completion derived by dimethoxymethyl morpholinium (DMTMM) activation. Fragmentation of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) releases two trimethylamines and the acyl chains through neutral loss and generates a unique double cyclization constant mass reporter. Selective incorporation of isotopes onto the tag produces a six-plex set of isobaric reagents. For equivalent six-plex-labeled samples, <14% RSD was achieved, followed by a dynamic range of 1:10 without signal compression. Quantification of PCs/LPCs in human hepatic cancer cells was conducted as six-plex using data-dependent analysis tandem MS. We report a six-plex qualitative and quantitative isobaric tagging strategy expanding the limits of analyzing PCs/LPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elhusseiny Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Julius Agongo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Scott F Grady
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Kelly Pyles
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - Christopher K Arnatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - David A Ford
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, United States
| | - James L Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
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Arshad U, Zimpel R, Husnain A, Poindexter MB, Santos JEP. Effect of rumen-protected choline on fat digestibility and lymph metabolome in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:950-964. [PMID: 38379267 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Objectives were to determine the effects of supplementing rumen-protected choline (RPC) from an established source with low (L, 28.8%) or a prototype with less lipid coating protection and high (H, 60.0%) concentrations of choline chloride on digestibility of fat and supra-mammary lymph metabolome in feed-restricted cows. Pregnant, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 33; 11/treatment) at mean (±standard deviation) 231 ± 4.7 days of gestation were blocked by body condition (4.23 ± 0.47) and assigned to receive 0 (CON) or 25.8 g/d of choline ion from L (L25.8) or H (H25.8). Cows were adapted to the diet and then fed-restricted to 42% of the net energy of lactation required for maintenance and pregnancy for 9 days. Intake of metabolizable methionine was maintained at 19 g/d. On Day 9, cows were fed 450 g of saturated fatty acids (SFA), and feces and blood were sampled continuously for 24 h. Supra-mammary lymph was sampled 6 h after feeding SFA and metabolome was characterized. Feeding RPC increased digestibility of fat (CON = 80.4 vs. RPC = 86.0 ± 1.9%) and reduced the concentration of haptoglobin in serum (CON = 174 vs. RPC = 77 ± 14 µg/ml) independent of source of RPC fed. Feeding RPC increased the concentrations of triacylglycerol in serum (CON = 15.1 vs. RPC = 17.8 ± 1.9 mg/dl) in feed-restricted cows after feeding SFA, and the increment tended to be greater for cows fed H25.8 than L25.8. Supplementing RPC tended to increase the concentrations of triacylglycerol (CON = 11.4 vs. RPC = 15.8 ± 3.4 mg/dl) in supra-mammary lymph. Feeding RPC increased the concentration of choline and affected the concentrations of analytes involved in metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis of phospholipids in lymph compared with CON. Feeding RPC, independent of source used, increased fat digestibility with some changes in lymph metabolome in cows under negative nutrient balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Roney Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Ali Husnain
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Michael B Poindexter
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - José E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
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Ryan F, Blex C, Ngo TD, Kopp MA, Michalke B, Venkataramani V, Curran L, Schwab JM, Ruprecht K, Otto C, Jhelum P, Kroner A, David S. Ferroptosis inhibitor improves outcome after early and delayed treatment in mild spinal cord injury. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:106. [PMID: 38907771 PMCID: PMC11193702 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We show that redox active iron can induce a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death and tissue damage called ferroptosis that can contribute to secondary damage and functional loss in the acute and chronic periods after spinal cord injury (SCI) in young, adult, female mice. Phagocytosis of red blood cells at sites of hemorrhage is the main source of iron derived from hemoglobin after SCI. Expression of hemeoxygenase-1 that induces release of iron from heme, is increased in spinal cord macrophages 7 days after injury. While iron is stored safely in ferritin in the injured spinal cord, it can, however, be released by NCOA4-mediated shuttling of ferritin to autophagosomes for degradation (ferritinophagy). This leads to the release of redox active iron that can cause free radical damage. Expression of NCOA4 is increased after SCI, mainly in macrophages. Increase in the ratio of redox active ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) is also detected after SCI by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled mass spectrometry. These changes are accompanied by other hallmarks of ferroptosis, i.e., deficiency in various elements of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. We also detect increases in enzymes that repair membrane lipids (ACSL4 and LPCAT3) and thus promote on-going ferroptosis. These changes are associated with increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a toxic lipid peroxidation product. Mice with mild SCI (30 kdyne force) treated with the ferroptosis inhibitor (UAMC-3203-HCL) either early or delayed times after injury showed improvement in locomotor recovery and secondary damage. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from human SCI cases show evidence of increased iron storage (ferritin), and other iron related molecules, and reduction in GSH. Collectively, these data suggest that ferroptosis contributes to secondary damage after SCI and highlights the possible use of ferroptosis inhibitors to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Christian Blex
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - The Dung Ngo
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kopp
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Curran
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury and Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Otto
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Johnson SM, Bao H, McMahon CE, Chen Y, Burr SD, Anderson AM, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Lindén D, Han X, Liu J. PNPLA3 is a triglyceride lipase that mobilizes polyunsaturated fatty acids to facilitate hepatic secretion of large-sized very low-density lipoprotein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4847. [PMID: 38844467 PMCID: PMC11156938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The I148M variant of PNPLA3 is closely associated with hepatic steatosis. Recent evidence indicates that the I148M mutant functions as an inhibitor of PNPLA2/ATGL-mediated lipolysis, leaving the role of wild-type PNPLA3 undefined. Despite showing a triglyceride hydrolase activity in vitro, PNPLA3 has yet to be established as a lipase in vivo. Here, we show that PNPLA3 preferentially hydrolyzes polyunsaturated triglycerides, mobilizing polyunsaturated fatty acids for phospholipid desaturation and enhancing hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Under lipogenic conditions, mice with liver-specific knockout or acute knockdown of PNPLA3 exhibit aggravated liver steatosis and reduced plasma VLDL-triglyceride levels. Similarly, I148M-knockin mice show decreased hepatic triglyceride secretion during lipogenic stimulation. Our results highlight a specific context whereby the wild-type PNPLA3 facilitates the balance between hepatic triglyceride storage and secretion, and suggest the potential contribution of a loss-of-function by the I148M variant to the development of fatty liver disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cell Biology; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hanmei Bao
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes; University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Cailin E McMahon
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department; Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yongbin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie D Burr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aaron M Anderson
- Department of Developmental Biology; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Katja Madeyski-Bengtson
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences; BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM); BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes; University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition; Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Mesmar F, Muhsen M, Farooq I, Maxey G, Tourigny JP, Tennessen J, Bondesson M. Exposure to the pesticide tefluthrin causes developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.28.596249. [PMID: 38854095 PMCID: PMC11160659 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.28.596249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticide tefluthrin is widely used in agriculture, resulting in widespread pollution. Tefluthrin is a type I pyrethroid characterized by its high persistence in the environment. Understanding the mechanisms of toxicity of tefluthrin will improve its risk assessment. OBJECTIVES We aimed to decipher the molecular modes of action of tefluthrin. METHODS Phenotypic developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing zebrafish embryos and larvae to increasing concentrations of tefluthrin. Tg(mnx:mGFP) line was used to assess neurotoxicity. Multi-omics approaches including transcriptomics and lipidomics were applied to analyze RNA and lipid contents, respectively. Finally, an in-silico ligand-protein docking computational method was used to study a possible interaction between tefluthrin and a protein target. RESULTS Tefluthrin exposure caused severe morphological malformations in zebrafish larvae, including motor neuron abnormalities. The differentially expressed genes were associated with neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption. Lipidomics analysis revealed a disruption in fatty acid, phospholipid, and lysophospholipid recycling. Protein docking modeling suggested that the LPCAT3 enzyme, which recycles lysophospholipids in the Land's cycle, directly interacts with tefluthrin. CONCLUSIONS Tefluthrin exposure causes morphological and neuronal malformations in zebrafish larvae at nanomolar concentrations. Multi-omics results revealed a potential molecular initiating event i.e., inhibition of LPCAT3, and key events i.e., an altered lysophospholipid to phospholipid ratio, leading to the adverse outcomes of neurotoxicity and metabolic disruption.
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Chakraborty A, Kamat SS. Lysophosphatidylserine: A Signaling Lipid with Implications in Human Diseases. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5470-5504. [PMID: 38607675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS) has emerged as yet another important signaling lysophospholipid in mammals, and deregulation in its metabolism has been directly linked to an array of human autoimmune and neurological disorders. It has an indispensable role in several biological processes in humans, and therefore, cellular concentrations of lyso-PS are tightly regulated to ensure optimal signaling and functioning in physiological settings. Given its biological importance, the past two decades have seen an explosion in the available literature toward our understanding of diverse aspects of lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and its association with human diseases. In this Review, we aim to comprehensively summarize different aspects of lyso-PS, such as its structure, biodistribution, chemical synthesis, and SAR studies with some synthetic analogs. From a biochemical perspective, we provide an exhaustive coverage of the diverse biological activities modulated by lyso-PSs, such as its metabolism and the receptors that respond to them in humans. We also briefly discuss the human diseases associated with aberrant lyso-PS metabolism and signaling and posit some future directions that may advance our understanding of lyso-PS-mediated mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Chakraborty
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddhesh S Kamat
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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Kudo K, Yanagiya R, Hasegawa M, Carreras J, Miki Y, Nakayama S, Nagashima E, Miyatake Y, Torii K, Ando K, Nakamura N, Miyajima A, Murakami M, Kotani A. Unique lipid composition maintained by extracellular blockade leads to prooncogenicity. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:221. [PMID: 38719806 PMCID: PMC11079073 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid-mediated inflammation is involved in the development and malignancy of cancer. We previously demonstrated the existence of a novel oncogenic mechanism utilizing membrane lipids of extracellular vesicles in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphomas and found that the lipid composition of lymphoma cells is skewed toward ω-3 fatty acids, which are anti-inflammatory lipids, suggesting an alteration in systemic lipid composition. The results showed that arachidonic acid (AA), an inflammatory lipid, was significantly reduced in the infected cells but detected at high levels in the sera of EBV-positive patients lead to the finding of the blockade of extracellular AA influx by downregulating FATP2, a long-chain fatty acid transporter that mainly transports AA in EBV-infected lymphoma cells. Low AA levels in tumor cells induced by downregulation of FATP2 expression confer resistance to ferroptosis and support tumor growth. TCGA data analysis and xenograft models have demonstrated that the axis plays a critical role in several types of cancers, especially poor prognostic cancers, such as glioblastoma and melanoma. Overall, our in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and clinical data suggest that several cancers exert oncogenic activity by maintaining their special lipid composition via extracellular blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kudo
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Yanagiya
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Regulation of Infectious Cancer, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Hasegawa
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nagashima
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyatake
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kan Torii
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Miyajima
- Department of Urology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Kotani
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Laboratory of Regulation of Infectious Cancer, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Bousquet D, Nader E, Connes P, Guillot N. Liver X receptor agonist upregulates LPCAT3 in human aortic endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1388404. [PMID: 38694208 PMCID: PMC11061552 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1388404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Recently, EC lipid metabolism has emerged as a regulator of EC function. The liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and have been identified as a potential target in cardiovascular disease. We aimed to decipher the role of LXRs in the regulation of lipid metabolism in human aortic endothelial cells. Approach and Results Lipid composition analysis of endothelial cells treated with the LXR agonist T0901317 revealed that LXR activation increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and decreased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The LXR agonist decreased the uptake of fatty acids (FAs) by ECs. This effect was abolished by LXRα silencing. LXR activation increased the activity and the expression of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase, LPCAT3, which is involved in the turnover of FAs at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. Transcriptomic analysis also revealed that LXRs increased the expression of key genes involved in the synthesis of PUFAs, including FA desaturase one and 2, FA elongase 5 and fatty acid synthase. Subsequently, the LXR agonist increased PUFA synthesis and enhanced arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid content in the EC phospholipids. Modification of the FA composition of ECs by LXRs led to a decrease of arachidonate and linoleate derived prostaglandins synthesis and release. No change on markers of inflammation induced by plasma from sickle cell patient were observed in presence of LXR agonist. Conclusion These results identify LXR as a key regulator of lipid metabolism in human aortic endothelial cells and a direct effect of LXR agonist on lysophosphatidylacyl transferase (LPCAT3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Bousquet
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Elie Nader
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Connes
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Guillot
- University Lyon, LIBM EA7424, Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell Team, Universite Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Labex GR-Ex, PRES Sorbonne, Paris, France
- INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Wang J, Li J, Fu Y, Zhu Y, Lin L, Li Y. Research progress, challenges and perspectives of phospholipids metabolism in the LXR‑LPCAT3 signaling pathway and its relation to NAFLD (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:32. [PMID: 38362962 PMCID: PMC10903931 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are principle constituents of biofilms, with their fatty acyl chain composition significantly impacting the biophysical properties of membranes, thereby influencing biological processes. Recent studies have elucidated that fatty acyl chains, under the enzymatic action of lyso‑phosphatidyl‑choline acyltransferases (LPCATs), expedite incorporation into the sn‑2 site of phosphatidyl‑choline (PC), profoundly affecting pathophysiology. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in LPCAT activity are implicated in various diseases, including non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C, atherosclerosis and cancer. Specifically, LPCAT3 is instrumental in maintaining systemic lipid homeostasis through its roles in hepatic lipogenesis, intestinal lipid absorption and lipoprotein secretion. The liver X receptor (LXR), pivotal in lipid homeostasis, modulates cholesterol, fatty acid (FA) and PL metabolism. LXR's capacity to modify PL composition in response to cellular sterol fluctuations is a vital mechanism for protecting biofilms against lipid stress. Concurrently, LXR activation enhances LPCAT3 expression on cell membranes and elevates polyunsaturated PL levels. This activation can ameliorate saturated free FA effects in vitro or endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo due to lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. Pharmacological interventions targeting LXR, LPCAT and membrane PL components could offer novel therapeutic directions for NAFLD management. The present review primarily focused on recent advancements in understanding the LPCAT3 signaling pathway's role in lipid metabolism related to NAFLD, aiming to identify new treatment targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Liubing Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, P.R. China
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Tian Y, Jellinek MJ, Mehta K, Seok SM, Kuo SH, Lu W, Shi R, Lee R, Lau GW, Kemper JK, Zhang K, Ford DA, Wang B. Membrane phospholipid remodeling modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Hepatology 2024; 79:882-897. [PMID: 36999536 PMCID: PMC10544743 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, is emerging as a leading etiology of HCC. Lipidomics analyses in the liver have shown that the levels of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) are decreased in patients with NASH, but the roles of membrane PC composition in the pathogenesis of NASH have not been investigated. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid (PL) remodeling enzyme that produces polyunsaturated PLs, is a major determinant of membrane PC content in the liver. APPROACH AND RESULTS The expression of LPCAT3 and the correlation between its expression and NASH severity were analyzed in human patient samples. We examined the effect of Lpcat3 deficiency on NASH progression using Lpcat3 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice. RNA sequencing, lipidomics, and metabolomics were performed in liver samples. Primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines were used for in vitro analyses. We showed that LPCAT3 was dramatically suppressed in human NASH livers, and its expression was inversely correlated with NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage. Loss of Lpcat3 in mouse liver promotes both spontaneous and diet-induced NASH/HCC. Mechanistically, Lpcat3 deficiency enhances reactive oxygen species production due to impaired mitochondrial homeostasis. Loss of Lpcat3 increases inner mitochondrial membrane PL saturation and elevates stress-induced autophagy, resulting in reduced mitochondrial content and increased fragmentation. Furthermore, overexpression of Lpcat3 in the liver ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis of NASH. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that membrane PL composition modulates the progression of NASH and that manipulating LPCAT3 expression could be an effective therapeutic for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sun Mi Seok
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shanny Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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11
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Shimizu K, Ono M, Mikamoto T, Urayama Y, Yoshida S, Hase T, Michinaga S, Nakanishi H, Iwasaki M, Terada T, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H, Shindou H, Tomita K, Nishinaka T. Overexpression of lysophospholipid acyltransferase, LPLAT10/LPCAT4/LPEAT2, in the mouse liver increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23425. [PMID: 38226852 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301594rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early indicator of impaired glucose tolerance that leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Alterations in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids have been implicated in diseases such as T2DM and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 10 (LPLAT10, also called LPCAT4 and LPEAT2) plays a role in remodeling fatty acyl chains of phospholipids; however, its relationship with metabolic diseases has not been fully elucidated. LPLAT10 expression is low in the liver, the main organ that regulates metabolism, under normal conditions. Here, we investigated whether overexpression of LPLAT10 in the liver leads to improved glucose metabolism. For overexpression, we generated an LPLAT10-expressing adenovirus (Ad) vector (Ad-LPLAT10) using an improved Ad vector. Postprandial hyperglycemia was suppressed by the induction of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Ad-LPLAT10-treated mice compared with that in control Ad vector-treated mice. Hepatic and serum levels of phosphatidylcholine 40:7, containing C18:1 and C22:6, were increased in Ad-LPLAT10-treated mice. Serum from Ad-LPLAT10-treated mice showed increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells. These results indicate that changes in hepatic phosphatidylcholine species due to liver-specific LPLAT10 overexpression affect the pancreas and increase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Our findings highlight LPLAT10 as a potential novel therapeutic target for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moe Ono
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takenari Mikamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Urayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sena Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hase
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Michinaga
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Miho Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tomita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Chen J, Fang Z, Luo Q, Wang X, Warda M, Das A, Oldoni F, Luo F. Unlocking the mysteries of VLDL: exploring its production, intracellular trafficking, and metabolism as therapeutic targets. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38216994 PMCID: PMC10785355 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01993-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reducing circulating lipid levels is the centerpiece of strategies for preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Despite many available lipid-lowering medications, a substantial residual cardiovascular risk remains. Current clinical guidelines focus on plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Recent attention has been given to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), the precursor to LDL, and its role in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Preclinical investigations have revealed that interventions targeting VLDL production or promoting VLDL metabolism, independent of the LDL receptor, can potentially decrease cholesterol levels and provide therapeutic benefits. Currently, methods, such as mipomersen, lomitapide, and ANGPTL3 inhibitors, are used to reduce plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels by regulating the lipidation, secretion, and metabolism of VLDL. Targeting VLDL represents an avenue for new lipid-lowering strategies. Interventions aimed at reducing VLDL production or enhancing VLDL metabolism, independent of the LDL receptor, hold promise for lowering cholesterol levels and providing therapeutic benefits beyond LDL in the management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenfei Fang
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mohamad Warda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Avash Das
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA
| | - Federico Oldoni
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fei Luo
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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13
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Xiao X, Kennelly JP, Feng AC, Cheng L, Romartinez-Alonso B, Bedard A, Gao Y, Cui L, Young SG, Schwabe JW, Tontonoz P. Aster-B-dependent estradiol synthesis protects female mice from diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173002. [PMID: 38175723 PMCID: PMC10866650 DOI: 10.1172/jci173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aster proteins mediate the nonvesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the importance of nonvesicular sterol movement for physiology and pathophysiology in various tissues is incompletely understood. Here we show that loss of Aster-B leads to diet-induced obesity in female but not in male mice, and that this sex difference is abolished by ovariectomy. We further demonstrate that Aster-B deficiency impairs nonvesicular cholesterol transport from the PM to the ER in ovaries in vivo, leading to hypogonadism and reduced estradiol synthesis. Female Aster-B-deficient mice exhibit reduced locomotor activity and energy expenditure, consistent with established effects of estrogens on systemic metabolism. Administration of exogenous estradiol ameliorates the diet-induced obesity phenotype of Aster-B-deficient female mice. These findings highlight the key role of Aster-B-dependent nonvesicular cholesterol transport in regulating estradiol production and protecting females from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - John P. Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lijing Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Bedard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John W.R. Schwabe
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
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14
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Canavati C, Sherill-Rofe D, Kamal L, Bloch I, Zahdeh F, Sharon E, Terespolsky B, Allan IA, Rabie G, Kawas M, Kassem H, Avraham KB, Renbaum P, Levy-Lahad E, Kanaan M, Tabach Y. Using multi-scale genomics to associate poorly annotated genes with rare diseases. Genome Med 2024; 16:4. [PMID: 38178268 PMCID: PMC10765705 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has significantly transformed the landscape of identifying disease-causing genes associated with genetic disorders. However, a substantial portion of sequenced patients remains undiagnosed. This may be attributed not only to the challenges posed by harder-to-detect variants, such as non-coding and structural variations but also to the existence of variants in genes not previously associated with the patient's clinical phenotype. This study introduces EvORanker, an algorithm that integrates unbiased data from 1,028 eukaryotic genomes to link mutated genes to clinical phenotypes. METHODS EvORanker utilizes clinical data, multi-scale phylogenetic profiling, and other omics data to prioritize disease-associated genes. It was evaluated on solved exomes and simulated genomes, compared with existing methods, and applied to 6260 knockout genes with mouse phenotypes lacking human associations. Additionally, EvORanker was made accessible as a user-friendly web tool. RESULTS In the analyzed exomic cohort, EvORanker accurately identified the "true" disease gene as the top candidate in 69% of cases and within the top 5 candidates in 95% of cases, consistent with results from the simulated dataset. Notably, EvORanker outperformed existing methods, particularly for poorly annotated genes. In the case of the 6260 knockout genes with mouse phenotypes, EvORanker linked 41% of these genes to observed human disease phenotypes. Furthermore, in two unsolved cases, EvORanker successfully identified DLGAP2 and LPCAT3 as disease candidates for previously uncharacterized genetic syndromes. CONCLUSIONS We highlight clade-based phylogenetic profiling as a powerful systematic approach for prioritizing potential disease genes. Our study showcases the efficacy of EvORanker in associating poorly annotated genes to disease phenotypes observed in patients. The EvORanker server is freely available at https://ccanavati.shinyapps.io/EvORanker/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Canavati
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Dana Sherill-Rofe
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Lara Kamal
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Idit Bloch
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Fouad Zahdeh
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Elad Sharon
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Batel Terespolsky
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Islam Abu Allan
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Grace Rabie
- Hereditary Research Laboratory and Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, 72372, Palestine
| | - Mariana Kawas
- Hereditary Research Laboratory and Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, 72372, Palestine
| | - Hanin Kassem
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Karen B Avraham
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Paul Renbaum
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
| | - Ephrat Levy-Lahad
- Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, 91031, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Moien Kanaan
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Istishari Arab Hospital, Ramallah, Palestine
- Hereditary Research Laboratory and Department of Life Sciences, Bethlehem University, Bethlehem, 72372, Palestine
| | - Yuval Tabach
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research - Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel.
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15
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Guo CG, Sun R, Wang X, Yuan Y, Xu Y, Li S, Sun X, Wang J, Hu X, Guo T, Chen XW, Xiao RP, Zhang X. Intestinal SURF4 is essential for apolipoprotein transport and lipoprotein secretion. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101847. [PMID: 38042368 PMCID: PMC10755498 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipoprotein assembly and secretion in the small intestine are critical for dietary fat absorption. Surfeit locus protein 4 (SURF4) serves as a cargo receptor, facilitating the cellular transport of multiple proteins and mediating hepatic lipid secretion in vivo. However, its involvement in intestinal lipid secretion is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of SURF4 in intestinal lipid absorption. METHODS We generated intestine-specific Surf4 knockout mice and characterized the phenotypes. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of SURF4 in intestinal lipid secretion using proteomics and cellular models. RESULTS We unveiled that SURF4 is indispensable for apolipoprotein transport and lipoprotein secretion. Intestine-specific Surf4 knockout mice exhibited ectopic lipid deposition in the small intestine and hypolipidemia. Deletion of SURF4 impeded the transport of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), proline-rich acidic protein 1 (PRAP1), and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) and hindered the assembly and secretion of chylomicrons and high-density lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS SURF4 emerges as a pivotal regulator of intestinal lipid absorption via mediating the secretion of ApoA1, PRAP1 and ApoB48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Guo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shihan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xueting Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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16
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Wang H, Nikain C, Amengual J, La Forest M, Yu Y, Wang MC, Watts R, Lehner R, Qiu Y, Cai M, Kurland IJ, Goldberg IJ, Rajan S, Hussain MM, Brodsky JL, Fisher EA. FITM2 deficiency results in ER lipid accumulation, ER stress, reduced apolipoprotein B lipidation, and VLDL triglyceride secretion in vitro and in mouse liver. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570183. [PMID: 38106013 PMCID: PMC10723279 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Triglyceride (TG) association with apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) serves to form very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the liver. The repertoire of factors that facilitate this association is incompletely defined. FITM2, an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein, was originally discovered as a factor participating in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) in tissues that do not form VLDL. We hypothesized that in the liver, in addition to promoting cytosolic LD formation, FITM2 would also transfer TG from its site of synthesis in the ER membrane to nascent VLDL particles within the ER lumen. Methods Experiments were conducted using a rat hepatic cell line (McArdle-RH7777, or McA cells), an established model of mammalian lipoprotein metabolism, and mice. FITM2 expression was reduced using siRNA in cells and by liver specific cre-recombinase mediated deletion of the Fitm2 gene in mice. Effects of FITM2 deficiency on VLDL assembly and secretion in vitro and in vivo were measured by multiple methods, including density gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatography, mass spectrometry, simulated Raman spectroscopy (SRS) microscopy, sub-cellular fractionation, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Main findings 1) FITM2-deficient hepatic cells in vitro and in vivo secrete TG-depleted VLDL particles, but the number of particles is unchanged compared to controls; 2) FITM2 deficiency in mice on a high fat diet (HFD) results in decreased plasma TG levels. The number of apoB100-containing lipoproteins remains similar, but shift from VLDL to LDL density; 3) Both in vitro and in vivo , when TG synthesis is stimulated and FITM2 is deficient, TG accumulates in the ER, and despite its availability this pool is unable to fully lipidate apoB100 particles; 4) FITM2 deficiency disrupts ER morphology and results in ER stress. Principal conclusions The results suggest that FITM2 contributes to VLDL lipidation, especially when newly synthesized hepatic TG is in abundance. In addition to its fundamental importance in VLDL assembly, the results also suggest that under dysmetabolic conditions, FITM2 may be a limiting factor that ultimately contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH).
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17
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Kvasnička A, Friedecký D, Brumarová R, Pavlíková M, Pavelcová K, Mašínová J, Hasíková L, Závada J, Pavelka K, Ješina P, Stibůrková B. Alterations in lipidome profiles distinguish early-onset hyperuricemia, gout, and the effect of urate-lowering treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:234. [PMID: 38042879 PMCID: PMC10693150 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, it is not possible to predict whether patients with hyperuricemia (HUA) will develop gout and how this progression may be affected by urate-lowering treatment (ULT). Our study aimed to evaluate differences in plasma lipidome between patients with asymptomatic HUA detected ≤ 40 years (HUA ≤ 40) and > 40 years, gout patients with disease onset ≤ 40 years (Gout ≤ 40) and > 40 years, and normouricemic healthy controls (HC). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 94 asymptomatic HUA (77% HUA ≤ 40) subjects, 196 gout patients (59% Gout ≤ 40), and 53 HC. A comprehensive targeted lipidomic analysis was performed to semi-quantify 608 lipids in plasma. Univariate and multivariate statistics and advanced visualizations were applied. RESULTS Both HUA and gout patients showed alterations in lipid profiles with the most significant upregulation of phosphatidylethanolamines and downregulation of lysophosphatidylcholine plasmalogens/plasmanyls. More profound changes were observed in HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 without ULT. Multivariate statistics differentiated HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 groups from HC with an overall accuracy of > 95%. CONCLUSION Alterations in the lipidome of HUA and Gout patients show a significant impact on lipid metabolism. The most significant glycerophospholipid dysregulation was found in HUA ≤ 40 and Gout ≤ 40 patients, together with a correction of this imbalance with ULT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Kvasnička
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Friedecký
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radana Brumarová
- Laboratory for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Pavelcová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mašínová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hasíková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Závada
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ješina
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Stibůrková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Na Slupi 4, 128 50 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Valentine WJ, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases orchestrate the compositional diversity of phospholipids. Biochimie 2023; 215:24-33. [PMID: 37611890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and phospholipase A1/2s, orchestrate the compositional diversity of the fatty chains in membrane phospholipids. Fourteen LPLAT enzymes which come from two distinct families, AGPAT and MBOAT, have been identified, and in this mini-review we provide an overview of their roles in de novo and remodeling pathways of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis. Recently new nomenclature for LPLATs has been introduced (LPLATx, where x is a number 1-14), and we also give an overview of key biological functions that have been discovered for LPLAT1-14, revealed primarily through studies of LPLAT-gene-deficient mice as well as by linkages to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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19
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Yu T, Xu-Monette ZY, Yu L, Li Y, Young KH. Mechanisms of ferroptosis and targeted therapeutic approaches in lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:771. [PMID: 38007476 PMCID: PMC10676406 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Lymphoma is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide. Under the current treatment standards, patients with lymphoma often fail to respond to treatment or relapse early and require further therapy. Hence, novel therapeutic strategies need to be explored and our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of lymphomas should be expanded. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic regulated cell death, is characterized by increased reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation due to metabolic dysfunction. Excessive or lack of ferroptosis has been implicated in tumor development. Current preclinical evidences suggest that ferroptosis participates in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of lymphoma, identifying a potential biomarker and an attractive molecular target. Our review summarizes the core mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis and discusses existing evidences of ferroptosis induction for the treatment of lymphoma, with intent to provide a framework for understanding the role of ferroptosis in lymphomagenesis and a new perspective of lymphoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Yu
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zijun Y Xu-Monette
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of NanChang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ken H Young
- Hematopathology Division and Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.
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20
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Tamura R, Sabu Y, Mizuno T, Mizuno S, Nakano S, Suzuki M, Abukawa D, Kaji S, Azuma Y, Inui A, Okamoto T, Shimizu S, Fukuda A, Sakamoto S, Kasahara M, Takahashi S, Kusuhara H, Zen Y, Ando T, Hayashi H. Intestinal Atp8b1 dysfunction causes hepatic choline deficiency and steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6763. [PMID: 37990006 PMCID: PMC10663612 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient, and its deficiency causes steatohepatitis. Dietary phosphatidylcholine (PC) is digested into lysoPC (LPC), glycerophosphocholine, and choline in the intestinal lumen and is the primary source of systemic choline. However, the major PC metabolites absorbed in the intestinal tract remain unidentified. ATP8B1 is a P4-ATPase phospholipid flippase expressed in the apical membrane of the epithelium. Here, we use intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific Atp8b1-knockout (Atp8b1IEC-KO) mice. These mice progress to steatohepatitis by 4 weeks. Metabolomic analysis and cell-based assays show that loss of Atp8b1 in IEC causes LPC malabsorption and thereby hepatic choline deficiency. Feeding choline-supplemented diets to lactating mice achieves complete recovery from steatohepatitis in Atp8b1IEC-KO mice. Analysis of samples from pediatric patients with ATP8B1 deficiency suggests its translational potential. This study indicates that Atp8b1 regulates hepatic choline levels through intestinal LPC absorption, encouraging the evaluation of choline supplementation therapy for steatohepatitis caused by ATP8B1 dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Tamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sabu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-Border Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Abukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kaji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuyama-Chuo Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama City Eastern Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Okamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shimizu
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinari Fukuda
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seisuke Sakamoto
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center and Trans-Border Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital & King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tomohiro Ando
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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21
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Tian Y, Lu W, Shi R, McGuffee R, Lee R, Ford DA, Wang B. Targeting phospholipid remodeling pathway improves insulin resistance in diabetic mouse models. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23251. [PMID: 37823674 PMCID: PMC10575708 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301122rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that membrane phospholipid composition controlled by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) is involved in the development of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting Lpcat3 in the treatment of insulin resistance in diabetic mouse models. Lpcat3 expression was suppressed in the whole body by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) injection or in the liver by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-encoded Cre in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced and genetic ob/ob type 2 diabetic mouse models. Glucose tolerance test (GTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were used to assess insulin sensitivity. Lipid levels in the liver and serum were measured. The expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR. Metabolic rates were measured by indirect calorimetry using the Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System (CLAMS). Our data demonstrate that acute knockout of hepatic Lpcat3 by AAV-Cre improves both hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in HFD-fed mice. Similarly, whole-body ablation of Lpcat3 by ASO administration improves obesity and insulin resistance in both HFD-fed and ob/ob mice. These findings demonstrate that targeting LPCAT3 could be a novel therapy for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Reagan McGuffee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63104
| | | | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA, 63104
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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22
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He M, Li Z, Tung VSK, Pan M, Han X, Evgrafov O, Jiang XC. Inhibiting Phosphatidylcholine Remodeling in Adipose Tissue Increases Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes 2023; 72:1547-1559. [PMID: 37625119 PMCID: PMC10588299 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition is regulated by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT); changes in membrane PC saturation are implicated in metabolic disorders. Here, we identified LPCAT3 as the major isoform of LPCAT in adipose tissue and created adipocyte-specific Lpcat3-knockout mice to study adipose tissue lipid metabolism. Transcriptome sequencing and plasma adipokine profiling were used to investigate how LPCAT3 regulates adipose tissue insulin signaling. LPCAT3 deficiency reduced polyunsaturated PCs in adipocyte plasma membranes, increasing insulin sensitivity. LPCAT3 deficiency influenced membrane lipid rafts, which activated insulin receptors and AKT in adipose tissue, and attenuated diet-induced insulin resistance. Conversely, higher LPCAT3 activity in adipose tissue from ob/ob, db/db, and high-fat diet-fed mice reduced insulin signaling. Adding polyunsaturated PCs to mature human or mouse adipocytes in vitro worsened insulin signaling. We suggest that targeting LPCAT3 in adipose tissue to manipulate membrane phospholipid saturation is a new strategy to treat insulin resistance. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Victoria Sook Keng Tung
- Department of Cell Biology, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Meixia Pan
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Xianlin Han
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Oleg Evgrafov
- Department of Cell Biology, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, The State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY
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23
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Chin CF, Galam DL, Gao L, Tan BC, Wong BH, Chua GL, Loke RY, Lim YC, Wenk MR, Lim MS, Leow WQ, Goh GB, Torta F, Silver DL. Blood-derived lysophospholipid sustains hepatic phospholipids and fat storage necessary for hepatoprotection in overnutrition. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171267. [PMID: 37463052 PMCID: PMC10471173 DOI: 10.1172/jci171267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver has a high demand for phosphatidylcholine (PC), particularly in overnutrition, where reduced phospholipid levels have been implicated in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether other pathways exist in addition to de novo PC synthesis that contribute to hepatic PC pools remains unknown. Here, we identified the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) transporter major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A (Mfsd2a) as critical for maintaining hepatic phospholipid pools. Hepatic Mfsd2a expression was induced in patients having NAFLD and in mice in response to dietary fat via glucocorticoid receptor action. Mfsd2a liver-specific deficiency in mice (L2aKO) led to a robust nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-like (NASH-like) phenotype within just 2 weeks of dietary fat challenge associated with reduced hepatic phospholipids containing linoleic acid. Reducing dietary choline intake in L2aKO mice exacerbated liver pathology and deficiency of liver phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Treating hepatocytes with LPCs containing oleate and linoleate, two abundant blood-derived LPCs, specifically induced lipid droplet biogenesis and contributed to phospholipid pools, while LPC containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promoted lipid droplet formation and suppressed lipogenesis. This study revealed that PUFA-containing LPCs drive hepatic lipid droplet formation, suppress lipogenesis, and sustain hepatic phospholipid pools - processes that are critical for protecting the liver from excess dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheen Fei Chin
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dwight L.A. Galam
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Liang Gao
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan C. Tan
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Bernice H. Wong
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Geok-Lin Chua
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Randy Y.J. Loke
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yen Ching Lim
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Miao-Shan Lim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei-Qiang Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, and
| | - George B.B. Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute and
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme and Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David L. Silver
- Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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24
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Johnson S, Bao H, McMahon C, Chen Y, Burr S, Anderson A, Madeyski-Bengtson K, Lindén D, Han X, Liu J. Substrate-Specific Function of PNPLA3 Facilitates Hepatic VLDL-Triglyceride Secretion During Stimulated Lipogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.553213. [PMID: 37693552 PMCID: PMC10491159 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.553213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The I148M variant of PNPLA3 is strongly linked to hepatic steatosis. Evidence suggests a gain-of-function role for the I148M mutant as an ATGL inhibitor, leaving the physiological relevance of wild-type PNPLA3 undefined. Here we show that PNPLA3 selectively degrades triglycerides (TGs) enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) independently of ATGL in cultured cells and mice. Lipidomics and metabolite tracing analyses demonstrated that PNPLA3 mobilizes PUFAs from intracellular TGs for phospholipid desaturation, supporting hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins. Consequently, mice with liver-specific knockout or acute knockdown of PNPLA3 both exhibited aggravated liver steatosis and concomitant decreases in plasma VLDL-TG, phenotypes that manifest only under lipogenic conditions. I148M-knockin mice similarly displayed impaired hepatic TG secretion during lipogenic stimulation. Our results highlight a specific context whereby PNPLA3 facilitates the balance between hepatic TG storage and secretion and suggest the potential contributions of I148M variant loss-of-function to the development of hepatic steatosis in humans. Summary Statement We define the physiological role of wild type PNPLA3 in maintaining hepatic VLDL-TG secretion.
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25
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Jhelum P, Zandee S, Ryan F, Zarruk JG, Michalke B, Venkataramani V, Curran L, Klement W, Prat A, David S. Ferroptosis induces detrimental effects in chronic EAE and its implications for progressive MS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 37491291 PMCID: PMC10369714 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of lipid peroxidation-mediated cell death and damage triggered by excess iron and insufficiency in the glutathione antioxidant pathway. Oxidative stress is thought to play a crucial role in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in which iron deposition occurs. In this study we assessed if ferroptosis plays a role in a chronic form of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CH-EAE), a mouse model used to study MS. Changes were detected in the mRNA levels of several ferroptosis genes in CH-EAE but not in relapsing-remitting EAE. At the protein level, expression of iron importers is increased in the earlier stages of CH-EAE (onset and peak). While expression of hemoxygenase-1, which mobilizes iron from heme, likely from phagocytosed material, is increased in macrophages at the peak and progressive stages. Excess iron in cells is stored safely in ferritin, which increases with disease progression. Harmful, redox active iron is released from ferritin when shuttled to autophagosomes by 'nuclear receptor coactivator 4' (NCOA4). NCOA4 expression increases at the peak and progressive stages of CH-EAE and accompanied by increase in redox active ferrous iron. These changes occur in parallel with reduction in the antioxidant pathway (system xCT, glutathione peroxidase 4 and glutathione), and accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation. Mice treated with a ferroptosis inhibitor for 2 weeks starting at the peak of CH-EAE paralysis, show significant improvements in function and pathology. Autopsy samples of tissue sections of secondary progressive MS (SPMS) showed NCOA4 expression in macrophages and oligodendrocytes along the rim of mixed active/inactive lesions, where ferritin+ and iron containing cells are located. Cells expressing NCOA4 express less ferritin, suggesting ferritin degradation and release of redox active iron, as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation. These data suggest that ferroptosis is likely to contribute to pathogenesis in CH-EAE and SPMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zandee
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Juan G Zarruk
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Curran
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Wendy Klement
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Research Laboratory, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and BRaIN Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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26
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Tian Y, Mehta K, Jellinek MJ, Sun H, Lu W, Shi R, Ingram K, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Kemper JK, Ford DA, Zhang K, Wang B. Hepatic Phospholipid Remodeling Modulates Insulin Sensitivity and Systemic Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300416. [PMID: 37088778 PMCID: PMC10288282 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Aberrant insulin action in the liver is a major driver of selective insulin resistance, in which insulin fails to suppress glucose production but continues to activate lipogenesis in the liver, resulting in hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The underlying mechanisms of selective insulin resistance are not fully understood. Here It is shown that hepatic membrane phospholipid composition controlled by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) regulates insulin signaling and systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding augments hepatic Lpcat3 expression and membrane unsaturation. Loss of Lpcat3 in the liver improves insulin resistance and blunts lipogenesis in both HFD-fed and genetic ob/ob mouse models. Mechanistically, Lpcat3 deficiency directly facilitates insulin receptor endocytosis, signal transduction, and hepatic glucose production suppression and indirectly enhances fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) secretion, energy expenditure, and glucose uptake in adipose tissue. These findings identify hepatic LPCAT3 and membrane phospholipid composition as a novel regulator of insulin sensitivity and provide insights into the pathogenesis of selective insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Matthew J. Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyand Center for Cardiovascular ResearchSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMO63104USA
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
| | - Kevin Ingram
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Randall H. Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Jason K. Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine and Division of EndocrinologyMetabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01655USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biologyand Center for Cardiovascular ResearchSaint Louis UniversitySt. LouisMO63104USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of BiochemistrySchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61802USA
- Cancer Center at IllinoisUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Division of Nutritional SciencesCollege of AgriculturalConsumer and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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27
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Pierce MR, Hougland JL. A rising tide lifts all MBOATs: recent progress in structural and functional understanding of membrane bound O-acyltransferases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1167873. [PMID: 37250116 PMCID: PMC10213974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1167873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylation modifications play a central role in biological and physiological processes. Across a range of biomolecules from phospholipids to triglycerides to proteins, introduction of a hydrophobic acyl chain can dramatically alter the biological function and cellular localization of these substrates. Amongst the enzymes catalyzing these modifications, the membrane bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family occupies an intriguing position as the combined substrate selectivities of the various family members span all three classes of these biomolecules. MBOAT-dependent substrates are linked to a wide range of health conditions including metabolic disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. Like many integral membrane proteins, these enzymes have presented challenges to investigation due to their intractability to solubilization and purification. However, over the last several years new solubilization approaches coupled with computational modeling, crystallography, and cryoelectron microscopy have brought an explosion of structural information for multiple MBOAT family members. These studies enable comparison of MBOAT structure and function across members catalyzing modifications of all three substrate classes, revealing both conserved features amongst all MBOATs and distinct architectural features that correlate with different acylation substrates ranging from lipids to proteins. We discuss the methods that led to this renaissance of MBOAT structural investigations, our new understanding of MBOAT structure and implications for catalytic function, and the potential impact of these studies for development of new therapeutics targeting MBOAT-dependent physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah R. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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28
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Lee HC, Cheng WC, Ma WL, Lin YH, Shin SJ, Lin YH. Association of lipid composition and unsaturated fatty acids of VLDL with atrial remodeling in metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6575. [PMID: 37085694 PMCID: PMC10121655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) commonly have atrial remodeling, which indicates a risk for atrial fibrillation. This study determined MetS-related changes in lipid components in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which has been shown to cause atrial remodeling, the effect of statins on these changes, and the correlation between atrial remodeling and VLDL lipid compositions. Blood samples were collected from 12 non-MetS and 27 sex- and age-matched MetS subjects. Fourteen patients with MetS (MetS-off statin) discontinued statin therapy 14 days before the study, while the remaining 13 remained on it (MetS-on statin). The VLDLs were isolated and processed for mass-based lipid profiling. Lipidomic analyses were performed and associated with atrial remodeling markers measured using standard echocardiography and electrocardiography. Compared with the VLDL components of the non-MetS group, glucosyl/galactosyl ceramide, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides were enriched in the MetS-off statin group. Statin therapy attenuated all abnormally abundant lipid classes in MetS, except for triglycerides. In addition, lyso-phosphatidylcholine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, and triglycerides were significantly correlated with atrial dilatation, and the latter two were also correlated with the PR interval. Enrichment of double bonds, which indicate unsaturated fatty acids, was also significantly correlated with atrial remodeling and P-wave duration. This study suggests that the pathological lipid payload of MetS-VLDL may contribute to atrial remodeling in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute/Center of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Lin
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Hsiung Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tzyou 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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29
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Bond LM, Ibrahim A, Lai ZW, Walzem RL, Bronson RT, Ilkayeva OR, Walther TC, Farese RV. Fitm2 is required for ER homeostasis and normal function of murine liver. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103022. [PMID: 36805337 PMCID: PMC10027564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein fat storage-inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) catalyzes acyl-CoA cleavage in vitro and is required for ER homeostasis and normal lipid storage in cells. The gene encoding FIT2 is essential for the viability of mice and worms. Whether FIT2 acts as an acyl-CoA diphosphatase in vivo and how this activity affects the liver, where the protein was discovered, are unknown. Here, we report that hepatocyte-specific Fitm2 knockout (FIT2-LKO) mice fed a chow diet exhibited elevated acyl-CoA levels, ER stress, and signs of liver injury. These mice also had more triglycerides in their livers than control littermates due, in part, to impaired secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and reduced capacity for fatty acid oxidation. We found that challenging FIT2-LKO mice with a high-fat diet worsened hepatic ER stress and liver injury but unexpectedly reversed the steatosis phenotype, similar to what is observed in FIT2-deficient cells loaded with fatty acids. Our findings support the model that FIT2 acts as an acyl-CoA diphosphatase in vivo and is crucial for normal hepatocyte function and ER homeostasis in the murine liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bond
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayon Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zon W Lai
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Advanced Multi-omics Platform, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosemary L Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science and Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Kleberg Animal & Food Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan Advanced Multi-omics Platform, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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30
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Hirabayashi T, Kawaguchi M, Harada S, Mouri M, Takamiya R, Miki Y, Sato H, Taketomi Y, Yokoyama K, Kobayashi T, Tokuoka SM, Kita Y, Yoda E, Hara S, Mikami K, Nishito Y, Kikuchi N, Nakata R, Kaneko M, Kiyonari H, Kasahara K, Aiba T, Ikeda K, Soga T, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Murakami M. Hepatic phosphatidylcholine catabolism driven by PNPLA7 and PNPLA8 supplies endogenous choline to replenish the methionine cycle with methyl groups. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111940. [PMID: 36719796 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Choline supplies methyl groups for regeneration of methionine and the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine in the liver. Here, we report that the catabolism of membrane phosphatidylcholine (PC) into water-soluble glycerophosphocholine (GPC) by the phospholipase/lysophospholipase PNPLA8-PNPLA7 axis enables endogenous choline stored in hepatic PC to be utilized in methyl metabolism. PNPLA7-deficient mice show marked decreases in hepatic GPC, choline, and several metabolites related to the methionine cycle, accompanied by various signs of methionine insufficiency, including growth retardation, hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, increased energy consumption, reduced adiposity, increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and an altered histone/DNA methylation landscape. Moreover, PNPLA8-deficient mice recapitulate most of these phenotypes. In contrast to wild-type mice fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet, both knockout strains display decreased hepatic triglyceride, likely via reductions of lipogenesis and GPC-derived glycerol flux. Collectively, our findings highlight the biological importance of phospholipid catabolism driven by PNPLA8/PNPLA7 in methyl group flux and triglyceride synthesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hirabayashi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Mai Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sayaka Harada
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Misa Mouri
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Rina Takamiya
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Taketomi
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Suzumi M Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emiko Yoda
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Hara
- Division of Health Chemistry, Department of Healthcare and Regulatory Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Showa University, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Kyohei Mikami
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Norihito Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Rieko Nakata
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kohji Kasahara
- Laboratory of Biomembrane, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiki Aiba
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Lipid Metabolism Project, Department of Advanced Science for Biomolecules, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan.
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31
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Li X, Liu Q, Pan Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Hu Y. New insights into the role of dietary triglyceride absorption in obesity and metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097835. [PMID: 36817150 PMCID: PMC9932209 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and associated metabolic diseases is increasing globally, adversely affecting human health. Dietary fats, especially triglycerides, are an important source of energy for the body, and the intestine absorbs lipids through a series of orderly and complex steps. A long-term high-fat diet leads to intestinal dysfunction, inducing obesity and metabolic disorders. Therefore, regulating dietary triglycerides absorption is a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we will discuss diverse aspects of the dietary triglycerides hydrolysis, fatty acid uptake, triglycerides resynthesis, chylomicron assembly, trafficking, and secretion processes in intestinal epithelial cells, as well as potential targets in this process that may influence dietary fat-induced obesity and metabolic diseases. We also mention the possible shortcomings and deficiencies in modulating dietary lipid absorption targets to provide a better understanding of their administrability as drugs in obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaohong Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
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32
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van Wouw SAE, van den Berg M, El Ouraoui M, Meurs A, Kingma J, Ottenhoff R, Loix M, Hoeksema MA, Prange K, Pasterkamp G, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ, van Klinken JB, Vaz FM, Jongejan A, de Winther MPJ, Zelcer N. Sterol-regulated transmembrane protein TMEM86a couples LXR signaling to regulation of lysoplasmalogens in macrophages. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100325. [PMID: 36592658 PMCID: PMC9926310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysoplasmalogens are a class of vinyl ether bioactive lipids that have a central role in plasmalogen metabolism and membrane fluidity. The liver X receptor (LXR) transcription factors are important determinants of cellular lipid homeostasis owing to their ability to regulate cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. However, their role in governing the composition of lipid species such as lysoplasmalogens in cellular membranes is less well studied. Here, we mapped the lipidome of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) following LXR activation. We found a marked reduction in the levels of lysoplasmalogen species in the absence of changes in the levels of plasmalogens themselves. Transcriptional profiling of LXR-activated macrophages identified the gene encoding transmembrane protein 86a (TMEM86a), an integral endoplasmic reticulum protein, as a previously uncharacterized sterol-regulated gene. We demonstrate that TMEM86a is a direct transcriptional target of LXR in macrophages and microglia and that it is highly expressed in TREM2+/lipid-associated macrophages in human atherosclerotic plaques, where its expression positively correlates with other LXR-regulated genes. We further show that both murine and human TMEM86a display active lysoplasmalogenase activity that can be abrogated by inactivating mutations in the predicted catalytic site. Consequently, we demonstrate that overexpression of Tmem86a in BMDM markedly reduces lysoplasmalogen abundance and membrane fluidity, while reciprocally, silencing of Tmem86a increases basal lysoplasmalogen levels and abrogates the LXR-dependent reduction of this lipid species. Collectively, our findings implicate TMEM86a as a sterol-regulated lysoplasmalogenase in macrophages that contributes to sterol-dependent membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A E van Wouw
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlene van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maroua El Ouraoui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber Meurs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jenina Kingma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roelof Ottenhoff
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Prange
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Utrecht UMC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome J A Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen F J Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic M Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Bioinformatics Laboratory, of Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noam Zelcer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences, Infection and Immunity, and Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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33
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Gu J, Kong A, Guo C, Liu J, Li K, Ren Z, Zhou Y, Tang M, Shi H. Cadmium perturbed lipid profile and induced liver dysfunction in mice through phosphatidylcholine remodeling and promoting arachidonic acid synthesis and metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114254. [PMID: 36334344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium ion (Cd2+) exposure has been reported to associate with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, and contribute to the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, Cd2+ exposure perturbed specific metabolic pathways and underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, through lipidomics analyses of differential metabolites in serum between the Cd2+-exposed mice and the control group, 179 differential metabolites were identified, among which phosphatidylcholines (PCs) accounted for 49 % metabolites. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment assay indicates that PCs participate in the metabolic pathways, including the Arachidonic Acid (AA) metabolism, which also could be potential NAFLD biomarkers. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro results suggested that Cd2+ exposure induced PC synthesis and remodeling, and increased AA level by promoting fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) to catalyze synthesis process instead of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) mediated release pathway. Inhibition of FADS1 by T3364366 could reverse Cd-induced AA, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and triglyceride (TAG) levels, and it also reduce cisplatin resistance in HepG2 cells. This study provides new evidence of Cd2+-induced dyslipidemia and reveals underlying molecular mechanism involved in liver dysfunction of Cd2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Anqi Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Chuanzhi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Kongdong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Zhen Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China.
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34
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Moore A, Busch MP, Dziewulska K, Francis RO, Hod EA, Zimring JC, D’Alessandro A, Page GP. Genome-wide metabolite quantitative trait loci analysis (mQTL) in red blood cells from volunteer blood donors. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102706. [PMID: 36395887 PMCID: PMC9763692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC)-Omics study, part of the larger NHLBI-funded Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS-III), aims to understand the genetic contribution to blood donor RBC characteristics. Previous work identified donor demographic, behavioral, genetic, and metabolic underpinnings to blood donation, storage, and (to a lesser extent) transfusion outcomes, but none have yet linked the genetic and metabolic bodies of work. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) analysis using RBC-Omics study participants with generated untargeted metabolomics data to identify metabolite quantitative trait loci in RBCs. We performed GWA analyses of 382 metabolites in 243 individuals imputed using the 1000 Genomes Project phase 3 all-ancestry reference panel. Analyses were conducted using ProbABEL and adjusted for sex, age, donation center, number of whole blood donations in the past 2 years, and first 10 principal components of ancestry. Our results identified 423 independent genetic loci associated with 132 metabolites (p < 5×10-8). Potentially novel locus-metabolite associations were identified for the region encoding heme transporter FLVCR1 and choline and for lysophosphatidylcholine acetyltransferase LPCAT3 and lysophosphatidylserine 16.0, 18.0, 18.1, and 18.2; these associations are supported by published rare disease and mouse studies. We also confirmed previous metabolite GWA results for associations, including N(6)-methyl-L-lysine and protein PYROXD2 and various carnitines and transporter SLC22A16. Association between pyruvate levels and G6PD polymorphisms was validated in an independent cohort and novel murine models of G6PD deficiency (African and Mediterranean variants). We demonstrate that it is possible to perform metabolomics-scale GWA analyses with a modest, trans-ancestry sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Moore
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Karolina Dziewulska
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Richard O. Francis
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eldad A. Hod
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James C. Zimring
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver – Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA,For correspondence: Grier P. Page; Angelo D’Alessandro
| | - Grier P. Page
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,For correspondence: Grier P. Page; Angelo D’Alessandro
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Elkin RG, El-Zenary AS, Bomberger R, Haile AB, Weaver EA, Ramachandran R, Harvatine KJ. Feeding laying hens docosa hexaenoic acid-rich microalgae oil at 40 g/kg diet causes hypotriglyceridemia, depresses egg production, and attenuates expression of key genes affecting hepatic triglyceride synthesis and secretion, but is rescued by dietary co-supplementation of high-oleic sunflower oil. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102318. [PMID: 36525748 PMCID: PMC9758496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding White Leghorn hens graded levels of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich microalgae oil (MAO) on productive performance and enrichment of eggs with very long-chain (VLC) omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Forty-nine-week-old hens (8 per diet) were fed the following diets for 28 d: 1) A corn-soybean meal-based diet with no supplemental oil (CON); 2) CON + 10 g/kg MAO; 3) CON + 20 g/kg MAO; 4) CON + 30 g/kg MAO; 5) CON + 40 g/kg MAO; 6) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 20 g/kg high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO); and 7) CON + 40 g/kg MAO + 40 g/kg HOSO. Diets 6 and 7 were included because we previously reported that co-feeding high-oleic acid oils with n-3 PUFA-containing oils attenuated egg yolk n-3 PUFA contents vs. feeding hens the n-3 oils alone. All data were collected on an individual hen basis. Egg VLC n-3 PUFA enrichment plateaued, in terms of statistical significance, at the 30 g/kg MAO level (266 mg/yolk). Hens fed 40 g/kg MAO had greatly attenuated measures of hen performance, marked liver enlargement, an altered ovarian follicle hierarchy, greatly lowered circulating triglyceride levels, and depressed hepatic expression of key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and secretion. As compared to hens fed 40 g/kg MAO alone, feeding hens 40 g/kg MAO co-supplemented with HOSO (Diets 6 and 7) restored egg production, ovarian morphology, and all other measures of hen productive performance to CON levels, elevated plasma triglyceride levels, prevented liver enlargement, and increased the hepatic expression of key genes involved in triglyceride synthesis and secretion. In conclusion, MAO can greatly enrich hens' eggs with VLC n-3 PUFA, but its recommended dietary inclusion should not exceed 20 g/kg. This would allow for near-maximal yolk VLC n-3 PUFA enrichment without impairing hen productive performance, altering the ovarian follicle hierarchy or, based on the work of others, presumably imparting off-flavors in the egg.
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Jiang X, Fulte S, Deng F, Chen S, Xie Y, Chao X, He XC, Zhang Y, Li T, Li F, McCoin C, Morris EM, Thyfault J, Liu W, Li L, Davidson NO, Ding WX, Ni HM. Lack of VMP1 impairs hepatic lipoprotein secretion and promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2022; 77:619-631. [PMID: 35452693 PMCID: PMC9449865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that regulates the formation of autophagosomes and lipid droplets. Recent evidence suggests that VMP1 plays a critical role in lipoprotein secretion in zebra fish and cultured cells. However, the pathophysiological roles and mechanisms by which VMP1 regulates lipoprotein secretion and lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are unknown. METHODS Liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific Vmp1 knockout mice as well as Vmp1 knock-in mice were generated by crossing Vmp1flox or Vmp1KI mice with albumin-Cre mice or by injecting AAV8-TBG-cre, respectively. Lipid and energy metabolism in these mice were characterized by metabolomic and transcriptome analyses. Mice with hepatic overexpression of VMP1 who were fed a NASH diet were also characterized. RESULTS Hepatocyte-specific deletion of Vmp1 severely impaired VLDL secretion resulting in massive hepatic steatosis, hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis, which are hallmarks of NASH. Mechanistically, loss of Vmp1 led to decreased hepatic levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine as well as to changes in phospholipid composition. Deletion of Vmp1 in mouse liver also led to the accumulation of neutral lipids in the ER bilayer and impaired mitochondrial beta-oxidation. Overexpression of VMP1 ameliorated steatosis in diet-induced NASH by improving VLDL secretion. Importantly, we also showed that decreased liver VMP1 is associated with NAFLD/NASH in humans. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel insights on the role of VMP1 in regulating hepatic phospholipid synthesis and lipoprotein secretion in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH. LAY SUMMARY Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its more severe form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, are associated with a build-up of fat in the liver (steatosis). However, the exact mechanisms that underly steatosis in patients are not completely understood. Herein, the authors identified that the lack of a protein called VMP1 impairs the secretion and metabolism of fats in the liver and could therefore contribute to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sam Fulte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Fengyan Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Xi C He
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Physiology, Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Colin McCoin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - E Matthew Morris
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - John Thyfault
- Department of Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Wanqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Linheng Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hong-Min Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Kawana H, Ozawa M, Shibata T, Ohnishi H, Sato Y, Kano K, Shindou H, Shimizu T, Kono N, Aoki J. Identification and characterization of LPLAT7 as an sn-1-specific lysophospholipid acyltransferase. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100271. [PMID: 36049524 PMCID: PMC9587406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The main fatty acids at the sn-1 position of phospholipids (PLs) are saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and oleic acid (C18:1), and are constantly replaced, like unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-2 position. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying the replacement of fatty acids at the sn-1 position, i.e., the sn-1 remodeling. Previously, we established a method to evaluate the incorporation of fatty acids into the sn-1 position of lysophospholipids (lyso-PLs). Here, we used this method to identify the enzymes capable of incorporating fatty acids into the sn-1 position of lyso-PLs (sn-1 lysophospholipid acyltransferase (LPLAT)). Screenings using siRNA knockdown and recombinant proteins for 14 LPLATs identified LPLAT7/ lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (LPGAT1) as a candidate. In vitro, we found LPLAT7 mainly incorporated several fatty acids into the sn-1 position of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), with weak activities toward other lyso-PLs. Interestingly, however, only C18:0-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were specifically reduced in the LPLAT7 mutant cells and tissues from knockout mice, with a concomitant increase in the level of C16:0- and C18:1-containing PC and PE. Consistent with this, the incorporation of deuterium-labeled C18:0 into PLs dramatically decreased in the mutant cells, while deuterium-labeled C16:0 and C18:1 showed the opposite dynamic. Identifying LPLAT7 as an sn-1 LPLAT facilitates understanding the biological significance of sn-1 fatty acid remodeling of PLs. We also propose to use the new nomenclature, LPLAT7, for LPGAT1 since the newly assigned enzymatic activities are quite different from the LPGAT1s previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaya Ozawa
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takeaki Shibata
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukitaka Sato
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Bartolacci C, Andreani C, Vale G, Berto S, Melegari M, Crouch AC, Baluya DL, Kemble G, Hodges K, Starrett J, Politi K, Starnes SL, Lorenzini D, Raso MG, Solis Soto LM, Behrens C, Kadara H, Gao B, Wistuba II, Minna JD, McDonald JG, Scaglioni PP. Targeting de novo lipogenesis and the Lands cycle induces ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4327. [PMID: 35882862 PMCID: PMC9325712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant KRAS (KM), the most common oncogene in lung cancer (LC), regulates fatty acid (FA) metabolism. However, the role of FA in LC tumorigenesis is still not sufficiently characterized. Here, we show that KMLC has a specific lipid profile, with high triacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholines (PC). We demonstrate that FASN, the rate-limiting enzyme in FA synthesis, while being dispensable in EGFR-mutant or wild-type KRAS LC, is required for the viability of KMLC cells. Integrating lipidomic, transcriptomic and functional analyses, we demonstrate that FASN provides saturated and monounsaturated FA to the Lands cycle, the process remodeling oxidized phospholipids, such as PC. Accordingly, blocking either FASN or the Lands cycle in KMLC, promotes ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and iron-dependent cell death, characterized by the intracellular accumulation of oxidation-prone PC. Our work indicates that KM dictates a dependency on newly synthesized FA to escape ferroptosis, establishing a targetable vulnerability in KMLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Bartolacci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Cristina Andreani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Gonçalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Stefano Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Margherita Melegari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Anna Colleen Crouch
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dodge L Baluya
- Tissue Imaging and Proteomics Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | | | - Kurt Hodges
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | | | - Katerina Politi
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sandra L Starnes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA
| | - Daniele Lorenzini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luisa M Solis Soto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Thoracic H&N Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA.
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Elshareif N, Gavini CK, Mansuy-Aubert V. LXR agonist modifies neuronal lipid homeostasis and decreases PGD2 in the dorsal root ganglia in western diet-fed mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10754. [PMID: 35750708 PMCID: PMC9232502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy is high in diabetic and overweight populations. Chronic neuropathic pain, a symptom of peripheral neuropathy, is a major disabling symptom that leads to a poor quality of life. Glucose management for diabetic and prediabetic individuals often fail to reduce or improve pain symptoms, therefore, exploring other mechanisms is necessary to identify effective treatments. A large body of evidence suggest that lipid signaling may be a viable target for management of peripheral neuropathy in obese individuals. The nuclear transcription factors, Liver X Receptors (LXR), are known regulators of lipid homeostasis, phospholipid remodeling, and inflammation. Notably, the activation of LXR using the synthetic agonist GW3965, delayed western diet (WD)-induced allodynia in rodents. To further understand the neurobiology underlying the effect of LXR, we used translating ribosome affinity purification and evaluated translatomic changes in the sensory neurons of WD-fed mice treated with the LXR agonist GW3965. We also observed that GW3965 decreased prostaglandin levels and decreased free fatty acid content, while increasing lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol ester species in the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). These data suggest novel downstream interplaying mechanisms that modifies DRG neuronal lipid following GW3965 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Elshareif
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Chaitanya K Gavini
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Virginie Mansuy-Aubert
- Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
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40
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Reed A, Ichu TA, Milosevich N, Melillo B, Schafroth MA, Otsuka Y, Scampavia L, Spicer TP, Cravatt BF. LPCAT3 Inhibitors Remodel the Polyunsaturated Phospholipid Content of Human Cells and Protect from Ferroptosis. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1607-1618. [PMID: 35658397 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
LPCAT3 is an integral membrane acyltransferase in the Lands cycle responsible for generating C20:4 phospholipids and has been implicated in key biological processes such as intestinal lipid absorption, lipoprotein assembly, and ferroptosis. Small-molecule inhibitors of LPCAT3 have not yet been described and would offer complementary tools to genetic models of LPCAT3 loss, which causes neonatal lethality in mice. Here, we report the discovery by high-throughput screening of a class of potent, selective, and cell-active inhibitors of LPCAT3. We provide evidence that these compounds inhibit LPCAT3 in a biphasic manner, possibly reflecting differential activity at each subunit of the LPCAT3 homodimer. LPCAT3 inhibitors cause rapid rewiring of polyunsaturated phospholipids in human cells that mirrors the changes observed in LPCAT3-null cells. Notably, these changes include not only the suppression of C20:4 phospholipids but also corresponding increases in C22:4 phospholipids, providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the partial but incomplete protection from ferroptosis observed in cells with pharmacological or genetic disruption of LPCAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Reed
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Taka-Aki Ichu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Natalia Milosevich
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Bruno Melillo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael A Schafroth
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Yuka Otsuka
- UF Scripps HTS Facility, UF Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Louis Scampavia
- UF Scripps HTS Facility, UF Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Timothy P Spicer
- UF Scripps HTS Facility, UF Scripps, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
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Lagrost L, Masson D. The expanding role of lyso-phosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid remodeling enzyme, in health and disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:193-198. [PMID: 35165232 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The turnover of fatty acids (FAs) at the sn-2 position of phospholipids is mediated by the reciprocal actions of phospholipases A2 and lyso-PL acyltransferases (LPLAT). LPCAT3, a major LPLAT isoform, exhibits a strong specificity for polyunsaturated FAs s (PUFAs). Although the enzyme was originally studied in the context of cardiometabolism, recent investigations have shed light on the role of LPCAT3 in other tissues such as skeletal muscle and in unexpected biological processes such as cell death and oncogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS The three-dimensional structure of LPCAT3 has been elucidated allowing further understanding of the mechanism of the acylation reaction as well as the substrate specificity of the enzyme. In skeletal muscle, LPCAT3-mediated phospholipid remodeling modulates membrane domain clustering and insulin signalingLPCAT3 plays an important role in the process of ferroptosis by modulating the PUFA content of phospholipids and possibly of plasmalogens.In tumor-associated macrophages, LPCAT3 can prevent ER stress induced by the tumor microenvironment and may equally modulate antitumor immunity. SUMMARY LPCAT3 is an attractive therapeutic target in the cardiometabolic disorders. Nevertheless, the involvement of LPCAT3 in processes such as cell death and oncogenesis demands caution with respect to the potential deleterious effects of enzyme modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Lagrost
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx
| | - David Masson
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- INSERM, LNC UMR1231
- FCS Bourgogne-Franche Comté, LipSTIC LabEx
- CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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42
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Xu M, Guo YY, Li D, Cen XF, Qiu HL, Ma YL, Huang SH, Tang QZ. Screening of Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Diagnostic Signature for Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:853468. [PMID: 35433888 PMCID: PMC9010535 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.853468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by enlarged ventricular dimensions and systolic dysfunction and poor prognosis. Myocardial lipid metabolism appears abnormal in DCM. However, the mechanism of lipid metabolism disorders in DCM remains unclear. Methods A gene set variation analysis (GSVA) were performed to estimate pathway activity related to DCM progression. Three datasets and clinical data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including dilated cardiomyopathy and donor hearts, were integrated to obtain gene expression profiles and identify differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism. GO enrichment analyses of differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (DELs) were performed. The clinical information used in this study were obtained from GSE21610 dataset. Data from the EGAS00001003263 were used for external validation and our hospital samples were also tested the expression levels of these genes through RT-PCR. Subsequently, logistic regression model with the LASSO method for DCM prediction was established basing on the 7 DELs. Results GSVA analysis showed that the fatty acid metabolism was closely related to DCM progression. The integrated dataset identified 19 DELs, including 8 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated genes. A total of 7 DELs were identified by further external validation of the data from the EGAS00001003263 and verified by RT-PCR. By using the LASSO model, 6 genes, including CYP2J2, FGF1, ETNPPL, PLIN2, LPCAT3, and DGKG, were identified to construct a logistic regression model. The area under curve (AUC) values over 0.8 suggested the good performance of the model. Conclusion Integrated bioinformatic analysis of gene expression in DCM and the effective logistic regression model construct in our study may contribute to the early diagnosis and prevention of DCM in people with high risk of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-feng Cen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-liang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-lan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi-zhu Tang,
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Doerfler AM, Han J, Jarrett KE, Tang L, Jain A, Saltzman A, De Giorgi M, Chuecos M, Hurley AE, Li A, Morand P, Ayala C, Goodlett DR, Malovannaya A, Martin JF, de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Shroyer N, Lagor WR. Intestinal Deletion of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A Reductase Promotes Expansion of the Resident Stem Cell Compartment. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:381-394. [PMID: 35172604 PMCID: PMC8957608 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestine occupies the critical interface between cholesterol absorption and excretion. Surprisingly little is known about the role of de novo cholesterol synthesis in this organ, and its relationship to whole body cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we investigate the physiological importance of this pathway through genetic deletion of the rate-limiting enzyme. METHODS Mice lacking 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr) in intestinal villus and crypt epithelial cells were generated using a Villin-Cre transgene. Plasma lipids, intestinal morphology, mevalonate pathway metabolites, and gene expression were analyzed. RESULTS Mice with intestine-specific loss of Hmgcr were markedly smaller at birth, but gain weight at a rate similar to wild-type littermates, and are viable and fertile into adulthood. Intestine lengths and weights were greater relative to body weight in both male and female Hmgcr intestinal knockout mice. Male intestinal knockout had decreased plasma cholesterol levels, whereas fasting triglycerides were lower in both sexes. Lipidomics revealed substantial reductions in numerous nonsterol isoprenoids and sterol intermediates within the epithelial layer, but cholesterol levels were preserved. Hmgcr intestinal knockout mice also showed robust activation of SREBP-2 (sterol-regulatory element binding protein-2) target genes in the epithelium, including the LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor). At the cellular level, loss of Hmgcr is compensated for quickly after birth through a dramatic expansion of the stem cell compartment, which persists into adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Hmgcr in the intestine is compatible with life through compensatory increases in intestinal absorptive surface area, LDLR expression, and expansion of the resident stem cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Doerfler
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelsey E. Jarrett
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander Saltzman
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcel Chuecos
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ayrea E. Hurley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pauline Morand
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Claudia Ayala
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David R. Goodlett
- University of Victoria - Genome British Columbia Proteomics Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
| | - Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.,Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Noah Shroyer
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William R. Lagor
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
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Lu Y, Shao M, Xiang H, Wang J, Ji G, Wu T. Qinggan Huoxue Recipe Alleviates Alcoholic Liver Injury by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Through LXR-LPCAT3. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:824185. [PMID: 35431945 PMCID: PMC9009225 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.824185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) plays a key role in alcohol liver injury (ALI). Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3) is a potential modifier of ERS. It was examined whether the protective effect of Qinggan Huoxue Recipe (QGHXR) against ALI was associated with LPCAT3 by suppressing ERS from in vivo and in vitro experiment. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10, each) and treated for 8 weeks as follows: the control diet-fed group (pair-fed), ethanol diet-fed group (EtOH-fed), QGHXR group (EtOH-fed + QGHXR), Qinggan recipe group (EtOH-fed + QGR), and Huoxue recipe group (EtOH-fed + HXR). QGHXR, QGR, and HXR groups attenuated liver injury mainly manifested in reducing serum ALT, AST, and liver TG and reducing the severity of liver cell necrosis and steatosis in ALI mouse models. QGHXR mainly inhibited the mRNA levels of Lxrα, Perk, Eif2α, and Atf4 and activated the mRNA levels of Lpcat3 and Ire1α, while inhibiting the protein levels of LPCAT3, eIF2α, IRE1α, and XBP1u and activating the protein levels of GRP78 to improve ALI. QGR was more inclined to improve ALI by inhibiting the mRNA levels of Lxrα, Perk, Eif2α, Atif4, and Chop and activating the mRNA levels of Lpcat3 and Ire1α while inhibiting the protein levels of LPCAT3, PERK, eIF2α, IRE1α, and XBP1u. HXR was more inclined to improve ALI by inhibiting the mRNA levels of Perk, Eif2α, Atf4, and Chop mRNA while inhibiting the protein levels of LPCAT3, PERK, eIF2α, IRE1α, and XBP1u and activating the protein levels of GRP78. Ethanol (100 mM) was used to intervene HepG2 and AML12 to establish an ALI cell model and treated by QGHXR-, QGR-, and HXR-medicated serum (100 mg/L). QGHXR, QGR, and HXR groups mainly reduced the serum TG level and the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the liver induced by ethanol. In AML12 cells, QGHXR and its disassembly mainly activated Grp78 mRNA expression together with inhibiting Lxrα, Lpcat3, Eif2α, Atf4, and Xbp1 mRNA expression. The protein expression of eIF2α and XBP1u was inhibited, and the expression of PERK and GRP78 was activated to alleviate ALI. In HepG2 cells, QGHXR mainly alleviated ALI by inhibiting the mRNA expression of LPCAT3, CHOP, IRE1α, XBP1, eIF2α, CHOP, and IRE1α protein. QGR was more inclined to inhibit the protein expression of PERK, and HXR was more likely to inhibit the protein expression of ATF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Teaching Department, Baoshan District Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiao Xiang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; Tao Wu,
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Ji, ; Tao Wu,
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45
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Muta K, Saito K, Kemmochi Y, Masuyama T, Kobayashi A, Saito Y, Sugai S. Phosphatidylcholine (18:0/20:4), a potential biomarker to predict ethionamide-induced hepatic steatosis in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1533-1547. [PMID: 35315511 PMCID: PMC9546090 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ethionamide (ETH), a second-line drug for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, is known to cause hepatic steatosis in rats and humans. To investigate predictive biomarkers for ETH-induced steatosis, we performed lipidomics analysis using plasma and liver samples collected from rats treated orally with ETH at 30 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The ETH-treated rats developed hepatic steatosis with Oil Red O staining-positive vacuolation in the centrilobular hepatocytes accompanied by increased hepatic contents of triglycerides (TG) and decreased plasma TG and total cholesterol levels. A multivariate analysis for lipid profiles revealed differences in each of the 35 lipid species in the plasma and liver between the control and the ETH-treated rats. Of those lipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) (18:0/20:4) decreased dose-dependently in both the plasma and liver. Moreover, serum TG-rich very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, especially the large particle fraction of VLDL composed of PC containing arachidonic acid (20:4) involved in hepatic secretion of TG, were decreased dose-dependently. In conclusion, the decreased PC (18:0/20:4) in the liver, possibly leading to suppression of hepatic TG secretion, was considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ETH-induced hepatic steatosis. Therefore, plasma PC (18:0/20:4) levels are proposed as mechanism-related biomarkers for ETH-induced hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyotaka Muta
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kemmochi
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Masuyama
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Sugai
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, JAPAN TOBACCO INC., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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46
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Stone SJ. Mechanisms of intestinal triacylglycerol synthesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159151. [PMID: 35296424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols are a major source of stored energy that are obtained either from the diet or can be synthesized to some extent by most tissues. Alterations in pathways of triacylglycerol metabolism can result in their excessive accumulation leading to obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Most tissues in mammals synthesize triacylglycerols via the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway. However, in the small intestine the monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathway is the predominant pathway for triacylglycerol biosynthesis where it participates in the absorption of dietary triacylglycerol. In this review, the enzymes that are part of both the glycerol 3-phosphate and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase pathways and their contributions to intestinal triacylglycerol metabolism are reviewed. The potential of some of the enzymes involved in triacylglycerol synthesis in the small intestine as possible therapeutic targets for treating metabolic disorders associated with elevated triacylglycerol is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
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47
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Pressly JD, Gurumani MZ, Varona Santos JT, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Al-Ali H. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C468-C481. [PMID: 35108119 PMCID: PMC8917915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lipid droplet biology in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Pressly
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Z. Gurumani
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier T. Varona Santos
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,4The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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48
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Luo F, Oldoni F, Das A. TM6SF2: A Novel Genetic Player in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and Cardiovascular Disease. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:448-460. [PMID: 34532996 PMCID: PMC8870032 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) is located on chromosome 19 (19p12) and encodes for a protein of undetermined function. Genetic studies have reported the association between a nonsynonymous variant in TM6SF2 (E167K, rs58542926) with hepatic triglyceride content and its impact on the cardiovascular system. Clinical and epidemiological studies have confirmed the role of TM6SF2 in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, TM6SF2 was also shown to play an important role in promoting hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular cancer in mouse models. This review aims to capture the physiological role of TM6SF2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism and its involvement in cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Federico Oldoni
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Avash Das
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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49
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O'Donnell VB. New appreciation for an old pathway: the Lands Cycle moves into new arenas in health and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1-11. [PMID: 35225335 PMCID: PMC9022965 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Lands Pathway is a fundamental biochemical process named for its discovery by William EM Lands and revealed in a series of seminal papers published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry between 1958-65. It describes the selective placement in phospholipids of acyl chains, by phospholipid acyltransferases. This pathway has formed a core component of our knowledge of phospholipid and also diglyceride metabolism in mammalian tissues for over 60 years now. Our understanding of how the Lands pathways are enzymatically mediated via large families of related gene products that display both substrate and tissue specificity has grown exponentially since. Recent studies building on this are starting to reveal key roles for the Lands pathway in specific scenarios, in particular inflammation, immunity and inflammation. This review will cover the Lands cycle from historical perspectives first, then present new information on how this important cycle forms a central regulatory node connecting fatty acyl and phospholipid metabolism and how its altered regulation may present new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B. O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4SN, U.K
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50
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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