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Bian Z, Wang L, Fan R, Sun J, Yu L, Xu M, Timmers PRHJ, Shen X, Wilson JF, Theodoratou E, Wu X, Li X. Genetic predisposition, modifiable lifestyles, and their joint effects on human lifespan: evidence from multiple cohort studies. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024; 29:255-263. [PMID: 38684374 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations across genetic and lifestyle factors with lifespan. DESIGN A longitudinal cohort study. SETTING UK Biobank. PARTICIPANTS 353 742 adults of European ancestry, who were recruited from 2006 to 2010 and were followed up until 2021. EXPOSURES A polygenic risk score for lifespan with long (highest quintile) risk categories and a weighted healthy lifestyle score, including no current smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, healthy body shape, adequate sleep duration, and a healthy diet, categorised into favourable, intermediate, and unfavourable lifestyles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Lifespan defined as the date of death or the censor date minus the date of birth. RESULTS Of the included 353 742 participants of European ancestry with a median follow-up of 12.86 years, 24 239 death cases were identified. Participants were grouped into three genetically determined lifespan categories including long (20.1%), intermediate (60.1%), and short (19.8%), and into three lifestyle score categories including favourable (23.1%), intermediate (55.6%), and unfavourable (21.3%). The hazard ratio (HR) of death for individuals with a genetic predisposition to a short lifespan was 1.21 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.26) compared to those with a genetic predisposition to a long lifespan. The HR of death for individuals in the unfavourable lifestyle category was 1.78 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.85), compared with those in the favourable lifestyle category. Participants with a genetic predisposition to a short lifespan and an unfavourable lifestyle had 2.04 times (95% CI 1.87 to 2.22) higher rates of death compared with those with a genetic predisposition to a long lifespan and a favourable lifestyle. No multiplicative interaction was detected between the polygenic risk score of lifespan and the weighted healthy lifestyle score (p=0.10). The optimal combination of healthy lifestyles, including never smoking, regular physical activity, adequate sleep duration, and a healthy diet, was derived to decrease risk of premature death (death before 75 years). CONCLUSION Genetic and lifestyle factors were independently associated with lifespan. Adherence to healthy lifestyles could largely attenuate the genetic risk of a shorter lifespan or premature death. The optimal combination of healthy lifestyles could convey better benefits for a longer lifespan, regardless of genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Bian
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xia Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and The Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health and Center of Clinical Big Data and Analytics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Hu X, Cai M, Xiao J, Wan X, Wang Z, Zhao H, Yang C. Benchmarking Mendelian randomization methods for causal inference using genome-wide association study summary statistics. Am J Hum Genet 2024:S0002-9297(24)00222-2. [PMID: 39059387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR), which utilizes genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), has gained popularity as a method for causal inference between phenotypes using genetic data. While efforts have been made to relax IV assumptions and develop new methods for causal inference in the presence of invalid IVs due to confounding, the reliability of MR methods in real-world applications remains uncertain. Instead of using simulated datasets, we conducted a benchmark study evaluating 16 two-sample summary-level MR methods using real-world genetic datasets to provide guidelines for the best practices. Our study focused on the following crucial aspects: type I error control in the presence of various confounding scenarios (e.g., population stratification, pleiotropy, and family-level confounders like assortative mating), the accuracy of causal effect estimates, replicability, and power. By comprehensively evaluating the performance of compared methods over one thousand exposure-outcome trait pairs, our study not only provides valuable insights into the performance and limitations of the compared methods but also offers practical guidance for researchers to choose appropriate MR methods for causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Statistical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Mingxuan Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiashun Xiao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China; Big Data Bio-Intelligence Lab, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Rosoff DB, Hamandi AM, Bell AS, Mavromatis LA, Park LM, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Major Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Behaviors, and Longevity. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2820199. [PMID: 38888899 PMCID: PMC11195603 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Importance Observational studies suggest that major psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors reduce longevity, making it difficult to disentangle their relationships with aging-related outcomes. Objective To evaluate the associations between the genetic liabilities for major psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and longevity. Design, Settings, and Participants This 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study assessed associations between psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors, and longevity using single-variable and multivariable models. Multiomics analyses were performed elucidating transcriptomic underpinnings of the MR associations and identifying potential proteomic therapeutic targets. This study sourced summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, gene expression, and proteomic data from cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were performed from May 2022 to November 2023. Exposures Genetic susceptibility for major depression (n = 500 199), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), schizophrenia (n = 127 906), problematic alcohol use (n = 435 563), weekly alcohol consumption (n = 666 978), and lifetime smoking index (n = 462 690). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome encompassed aspects of health span, lifespan, and exceptional longevity. Additional outcomes were epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks. Results Findings from multivariable MR models simultaneously assessing psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviorsm suggest a negative association between smoking and longevity in cohorts of European ancestry (n = 709 709; 431 503 [60.8%] female; β, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.28; P = 4.59 × 10-34) and with increased EAA (n = 34 449; 18 017 [52.3%] female; eg, PhenoAge: β, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.79; P = 8.83 × 10-4). Transcriptomic imputation and colocalization identified 249 genes associated with smoking, including 36 novel genes not captured by the original smoking GWAS. Enriched pathways included chromatin remodeling and telomere assembly and maintenance. The transcriptome-wide signature of smoking was inversely associated with longevity, and estimates of individual smoking-associated genes, eg, XRCC3 and PRMT6, aligned with the smoking-longevity MR analyses, suggesting underlying transcriptomic mediators. Cis-instrument MR prioritized brain proteins associated with smoking behavior, including LY6H (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 2.37 × 10-6) and RIT2 (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 1.05 × 10-5), which had favorable adverse-effect profiles across 367 traits evaluated in phenome-wide MR. Conclusions The findings suggest that the genetic liability of smoking, but not of psychiatric disorders, is associated with longevity. Transcriptomic associations offer insights into smoking-related pathways, and identified proteomic targets may inform therapeutic development for smoking cessation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali M. Hamandi
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew S. Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A. Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren M. Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ye CJ, Liu D, Chen ML, Kong LJ, Dou C, Wang YY, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao ZY, Zheng RZ, Zheng J, Lu JL, Chen YH, Ning G, Wang WQ, Bi YF, Wang TG. Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effect of mental well-being on healthy aging. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9. [PMID: 38886532 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01905-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mental well-being relates to multitudinous lifestyle behaviours and morbidities and underpins healthy aging. Thus far, causal evidence on whether and in what pattern mental well-being impacts healthy aging and the underlying mediating pathways is unknown. Applying genetic instruments of the well-being spectrum and its four dimensions including life satisfaction, positive affect, neuroticism and depressive symptoms (n = 80,852 to 2,370,390), we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses to estimate the causal effect of mental well-being on the genetically independent phenotype of aging (aging-GIP), a robust and representative aging phenotype, and its components including resilience, self-rated health, healthspan, parental lifespan and longevity (n = 36,745 to 1,012,240). Analyses were adjusted for income, education and occupation. All the data were from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European descent. Better mental well-being spectrum (each one Z-score higher) was causally associated with a higher aging-GIP (β [95% confidence interval (CI)] in different models ranging from 1.00 [0.82-1.18] to 1.07 [0.91-1.24] standard deviations (s.d.)) independent of socioeconomic indicators. Similar association patterns were seen for resilience (β [95% CI] ranging from 0.97 [0.82-1.12] to 1.04 [0.91-1.17] s.d.), self-rated health (0.61 [0.43-0.79] to 0.76 [0.59-0.93] points), healthspan (odds ratio [95% CI] ranging from 1.23 [1.02-1.48] to 1.35 [1.11-1.65]) and parental lifespan (1.77 [0.010-3.54] to 2.95 [1.13-4.76] years). Two-step Mendelian randomization mediation analyses identified 33 out of 106 candidates as mediators between the well-being spectrum and the aging-GIP: mainly lifestyles (for example, TV watching and smoking), behaviours (for example, medication use) and diseases (for example, heart failure, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, stroke, coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease), each exhibiting a mediation proportion of >5%. These findings underscore the importance of mental well-being in promoting healthy aging and inform preventive targets for bridging aging disparities attributable to suboptimal mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Li Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian-Ge Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tesi N, van der Lee S, Hulsman M, van Schoor NM, Huisman M, Pijnenburg Y, van der Flier WM, Reinders M, Holstege H. Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3864-3875. [PMID: 38634500 PMCID: PMC11180929 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence increases with age, yet a small fraction of the population reaches ages > 100 years without cognitive decline. We studied the genetic factors associated with such resilience against AD. METHODS Genome-wide association studies identified 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD risk. We estimated SNP frequency in 2281 AD cases, 3165 age-matched controls, and 346 cognitively healthy centenarians. We calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual and investigated the functional properties of SNPs enriched/depleted in centenarians. RESULTS Cognitively healthy centenarians were enriched with the protective alleles of the SNPs associated with AD risk. The protective effect concentrated on the alleles in/near ANKH, GRN, TMEM106B, SORT1, PLCG2, RIN3, and APOE genes. This translated to >5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases (P = 7.69 × 10-71), and 2-fold lower compared to age-matched controls (P = 5.83 × 10-17). DISCUSSION Maintaining cognitive health until extreme ages requires complex genetic protection against AD, which concentrates on the genes associated with the endolysosomal and immune systems. HIGHLIGHTS Cognitively healthy cent enarians are enriched with the protective alleles of genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The protective effect is concentrated on variants involved in the immune and endolysosomal systems. Combining variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) translated to > 5-fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases, and ≈ 2-fold lower compared to middle-aged healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolo’ Tesi
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sven van der Lee
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Hulsman
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Huisman
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Mental Health ProgramAmsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M. van der Flier
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data SciencesAmsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Henne Holstege
- Delft Bioinformatics LabDelft University of TechnologyDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical GeneticsSection Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases and AgingVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyAlzheimer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Moix S, Sadler MC, Kutalik Z, Auwerx C. Breaking down causes, consequences, and mediating effects of telomere length variation on human health. Genome Biol 2024; 25:125. [PMID: 38760657 PMCID: PMC11101352 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres form repeated DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, which shorten with each cell division. Yet, factors modulating telomere attrition and the health consequences thereof are not fully understood. To address this, we leveraged data from 326,363 unrelated UK Biobank participants of European ancestry. RESULTS Using linear regression and bidirectional univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR), we elucidate the relationships between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and 142 complex traits, including diseases, biomarkers, and lifestyle factors. We confirm that telomeres shorten with age and show a stronger decline in males than in females, with these factors contributing to the majority of the 5.4% of LTL variance explained by the phenome. MR reveals 23 traits modulating LTL. Smoking cessation and high educational attainment associate with longer LTL, while weekly alcohol intake, body mass index, urate levels, and female reproductive events, such as childbirth, associate with shorter LTL. We also identify 24 traits affected by LTL, with risk for cardiovascular, pulmonary, and some autoimmune diseases being increased by short LTL, while longer LTL increased risk for other autoimmune conditions and cancers. Through multivariable MR, we show that LTL may partially mediate the impact of educational attainment, body mass index, and female age at childbirth on proxied lifespan. CONCLUSIONS Our study sheds light on the modulators, consequences, and the mediatory role of telomeres, portraying an intricate relationship between LTL, diseases, lifestyle, and socio-economic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Moix
- Department of Computational Biology, UNIL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Marie C Sadler
- Department of Computational Biology, UNIL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Department of Computational Biology, UNIL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Chiara Auwerx
- Department of Computational Biology, UNIL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Center for Integrative Genetics, UNIL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
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Tao X, Zhu Z, Wang L, Li C, Sun L, Wang W, Gong W. Biomarkers of Aging and Relevant Evaluation Techniques: A Comprehensive Review. Aging Dis 2024; 15:977-1005. [PMID: 37611906 PMCID: PMC11081160 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.00808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk of developing chronic illnesses and disabilities is increasing with age. To predict and prevent aging, biomarkers relevant to the aging process must be identified. This paper reviews the known molecular, cellular, and physiological biomarkers of aging. Moreover, we discuss the currently available technologies for identifying these biomarkers, and their applications and potential in aging research. We hope that this review will stimulate further research and innovation in this emerging and fast-growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tao
- Department of Research, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ziman Zhu
- Beijing Rehabilitation Medicine Academy, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunlin Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Weijun Gong
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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8
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Thalén A, Ledberg A. Parental age at death is associated with age at first birth in offspring. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112396. [PMID: 38479685 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People age at different rates and the available evidence suggests that the rate of aging is partly inherited from previous generations. This heterogeneity in aging is evident already in midlife, but to what extent aging is associated with the timing of events earlier in life is not fully known. Here we aim to shed light on this topic by investigating the trade-off between reproduction and aging postulated by evolutionary theories of aging. METHODS Drawing on the inheritance of aging we use parental age at death as a proxy for aging-rates in the offspring, and study how age at first birth depends on this variable. We use data from an almost complete Swedish birth cohort comprising 92,359 individuals. Accelerated failure time models are used to estimate the association between parental age at death and age at first birth while adjusting for parental occupational class, educational attainment, and income. RESULTS Longer parental lifespans were consistently associated with older age at first births, both in men and women. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aging-related processes may be interrelated with the processes underlying the timing of reproduction and are in general agreement with evolutionary theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thalén
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ledberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Gagnon E, Girard A, Bourgault J, Abner E, Gill D, Thériault S, Vohl MC, Tchernof A, Esko T, Mathieu P, Arsenault BJ. Genetic assessment of efficacy and safety profiles of coagulation cascade proteins identifies Factors II and XI as actionable anticoagulant targets. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2024; 4:oeae043. [PMID: 38933427 PMCID: PMC11200102 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aims Anticoagulants are routinely used by millions of patients worldwide to prevent blood clots. Yet, problems with anticoagulant therapy remain, including a persistent and cumulative bleeding risk in patients undergoing prolonged anticoagulation. New safer anticoagulant targets are needed. Methods and results To prioritize anticoagulant targets with the strongest efficacy [venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention] and safety (low bleeding risk) profiles, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization and genetic colocalization. We leveraged three large-scale plasma protein data sets (deCODE as discovery data set and Fenland and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities as replication data sets] and one liver gene expression data set (Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec bariatric biobank) to evaluate evidence for a causal effect of 26 coagulation cascade proteins on VTE from a new genome-wide association meta-analysis of 44 232 VTE cases and 847 152 controls, stroke subtypes, bleeding outcomes, and parental lifespan as an overall measure of efficacy/safety ratio. A 1 SD genetically predicted reduction in F2 blood levels was associated with lower risk of VTE [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38-0.51, P = 2.6e-28] and cardioembolic stroke risk (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.39-0.76, P = 4.2e-04) but not with bleeding (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.93-1.36, P = 2.2e-01). Genetically predicted F11 reduction was associated with lower risk of VTE (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.58-0.64, P = 4.1e-85) and cardioembolic stroke (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.69-0.86, P = 4.1e-06) but not with bleeding (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.95-1.08, P = 7.5e-01). These Mendelian randomization associations were concordant across the three blood protein data sets and the hepatic gene expression data set as well as colocalization analyses. Conclusion These results provide strong genetic evidence that F2 and F11 may represent safe and efficacious therapeutic targets to prevent VTE and cardioembolic strokes without substantially increasing bleeding risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Arnaud Girard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Jérôme Bourgault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Erik Abner
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - André Tchernof
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Y-3106, Pavillon Marguerite D'Youville, 2725 chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec, QC, Canada, G1V 4G5
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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10
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Meloni A, Paribello P, Patrinos GP, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Manchia M, Squassina A. Dissecting the genetic overlap between severe mental disorders and markers of cellular aging: Identification of pleiotropic genes and druggable targets. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1033-1041. [PMID: 38402365 PMCID: PMC11039620 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Patients with severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) show a substantial reduction in life expectancy, increased incidence of comorbid medical conditions commonly observed with advanced age and alterations of aging hallmarks. While severe mental disorders are heritable, the extent to which genetic predisposition might contribute to accelerated cellular aging is not known. We used bivariate causal mixture models to quantify the trait-specific and shared architecture of mental disorders and 2 aging hallmarks (leukocyte telomere length [LTL] and mitochondrial DNA copy number), and the conjunctional false discovery rate method to detect shared genetic loci. We integrated gene expression data from brain regions from GTEx and used different tools to functionally annotate identified loci and investigate their druggability. Aging hallmarks showed low polygenicity compared with severe mental disorders. We observed a significant negative global genetic correlation between MDD and LTL (rg = -0.14, p = 6.5E-10), and no significant results for other severe mental disorders or for mtDNA-cn. However, conditional QQ plots and bivariate causal mixture models pointed to significant pleiotropy among all severe mental disorders and aging hallmarks. We identified genetic variants significantly shared between LTL and BD (n = 17), SCZ (n = 55) or MDD (n = 19), or mtDNA-cn and BD (n = 4), SCZ (n = 12) or MDD (n = 1), with mixed direction of effects. The exonic rs7909129 variant in the SORCS3 gene, encoding a member of the retromer complex involved in protein trafficking and intracellular/intercellular signaling, was associated with shorter LTL and increased predisposition to all severe mental disorders. Genetic variants underlying risk of SCZ or MDD and shorter LTL modulate expression of several druggable genes in different brain regions. Genistein, a phytoestrogen with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, was an upstream regulator of 2 genes modulated by variants associated with risk of MDD and shorter LTL. While our results suggest that shared heritability might play a limited role in contributing to accelerated cellular aging in severe mental disorders, we identified shared genetic determinants and prioritized different druggable targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - George P Patrinos
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al‑Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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11
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Arthur TD, Nguyen JP, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, Jaureguy J, Silva N, Henson B, Panopoulos AD, Belmonte JCI, D'Antonio M, McVicker G, Frazer KA. Multi-omic QTL mapping in early developmental tissues reveals phenotypic and temporal complexity of regulatory variants underlying GWAS loci. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.10.588874. [PMID: 38645112 PMCID: PMC11030419 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.10.588874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Most GWAS loci are presumed to affect gene regulation, however, only ∼43% colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). To address this colocalization gap, we identify eQTLs, chromatin accessibility QTLs (caQTLs), and histone acetylation QTLs (haQTLs) using molecular samples from three early developmental (EDev) tissues. Through colocalization, we annotate 586 GWAS loci for 17 traits by QTL complexity, QTL phenotype, and QTL temporal specificity. We show that GWAS loci are highly enriched for colocalization with complex QTL modules that affect multiple elements (genes and/or peaks). We also demonstrate that caQTLs and haQTLs capture regulatory variations not associated with eQTLs and explain ∼49% of the functionally annotated GWAS loci. Additionally, we show that EDev-unique QTLs are strongly depleted for colocalizing with GWAS loci. By conducting one of the largest multi-omic QTL studies to date, we demonstrate that many GWAS loci exhibit phenotypic complexity and therefore, are missed by traditional eQTL analyses.
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12
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Thalén A, Ledberg A. Consequences of heterogeneity in aging: parental age at death predicts midlife all-cause mortality and hospitalization in a Swedish national birth cohort. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:207. [PMID: 38424528 PMCID: PMC10903026 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes that underlie aging may advance at different rates in different individuals and an advanced biological age, relative to the chronological age, is associated with increased risk of disease and death. Here we set out to quantify the extent to which heterogeneous aging shapes health outcomes in midlife by following a Swedish birth-cohort and using parental age at death as a proxy for biological age in the offspring. METHODS We followed a nationwide Swedish birth cohort (N = 89,688) between the ages of 39 and 66 years with respect to hospitalizations and death. Cox regressions were used to quantify the association, in the offspring, between parental age at death and all-cause mortality, as well as hospitalization for conditions belonging to the 10 most common ICD-10 chapters. RESULTS Longer parental lifespan was consistently associated with reduced risks of hospitalization and all-cause mortality. Differences in risk were mostly evident from before the age of 50 and persisted throughout the follow-up. Each additional decade of parental survival decreased the risk of offspring all-cause mortality by 22% and risks of hospitalizations by 9 to 20% across the 10 diseases categories considered. The number of deaths and hospitalizations attributable to having parents not living until old age were 1500 (22%) and 11,000 (11%) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that increased parental lifespan is consistently associated with health benefits in the offspring across multiple outcomes and suggests that heterogeneous aging processes have clinical implications already in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thalén
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ledberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Martin L, Boutwell BB, Messerlian C, Adams CD. Mendelian randomization reveals apolipoprotein B shortens healthspan and possibly increases risk for Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:230. [PMID: 38402277 PMCID: PMC10894226 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) is a component of fat- and cholesterol-transporting molecules in the bloodstream. It is the main lipoprotein in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and has been implicated in conditions that end healthspan (the interval between birth and onset of chronic disease). However, APOB's direct relationship with healthspan remains uncertain. With Mendelian randomization, we show that higher levels of APOB and LDL shorten healthspan in humans. Multivariable Mendelian randomization of APOB and LDL on healthspan suggests that the predominant trait accounting for the relationship is APOB. In addition, we provide preliminary evidence that APOB increases risk for Alzheimer's disease, a condition that ends healthspan. If these relationships are causal, they suggest that interventions to improve healthspan in aging populations could include strategies targeting APOB. Ultimately, given that more than 44 million people currently suffer from Alzheimer's disease worldwide, such interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian B Boutwell
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Jackson, MS, USA
- John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Carmen Messerlian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charleen D Adams
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Wu Y, Zhang CY, Liu X, Wang L, Li M, Li Y, Xiao X. Shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between sleep behaviors and lifespan. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:108. [PMID: 38388528 PMCID: PMC10883970 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep health is associated with a wide array of increased risk for cardiovascular, metabolic and mental health problems as well as all-cause mortality in observational studies, suggesting potential links between sleep health and lifespan. However, it has yet to be determined whether sleep health is genetically or/and causally associated with lifespan. In this study, we firstly studied the genome-wide genetic association between four sleep behaviors (short sleep duration, long sleep duration, insomnia, and sleep chronotype) and lifespan using GWAS summary statistics, and both sleep duration time and insomnia were negatively correlated with lifespan. Then, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable MR analyses were applied to explore the causal effects between sleep behaviors and lifespan. We found that genetically predicted short sleep duration was causally and negatively associated with lifespan in univariable and multivariable MR analyses, and this effect was partially mediated by coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and depression. In contrast, we found that insomnia had no causal effects on lifespan. Our results further confirmed the negative effects of short sleep duration on lifespan and suggested that extension of sleep may benefit the physical health of individuals with sleep loss. Further attention should be given to such public health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chu-Yi Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Research Center for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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15
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Ying K, Liu H, Tarkhov AE, Sadler MC, Lu AT, Moqri M, Horvath S, Kutalik Z, Shen X, Gladyshev VN. Causality-enriched epigenetic age uncouples damage and adaptation. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:231-246. [PMID: 38243142 PMCID: PMC11070280 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00557-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Machine learning models based on DNA methylation data can predict biological age but often lack causal insights. By harnessing large-scale genetic data through epigenome-wide Mendelian randomization, we identified CpG sites potentially causal for aging-related traits. Neither the existing epigenetic clocks nor age-related differential DNA methylation are enriched in these sites. These CpGs include sites that contribute to aging and protect against it, yet their combined contribution negatively affects age-related traits. We established a new framework to introduce causal information into epigenetic clocks, resulting in DamAge and AdaptAge-clocks that track detrimental and adaptive methylation changes, respectively. DamAge correlates with adverse outcomes, including mortality, while AdaptAge is associated with beneficial adaptations. These causality-enriched clocks exhibit sensitivity to short-term interventions. Our findings provide a detailed landscape of CpG sites with putative causal links to lifespan and healthspan, facilitating the development of aging biomarkers, assessing interventions, and studying reversibility of age-associated changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Ying
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanna Liu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrei E Tarkhov
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie C Sadler
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ake T Lu
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mahdi Moqri
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xia Shen
- Center for Intelligent Medicine Research, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Fudan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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16
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Tseng WHS, Chattopadhyay A, Phan NN, Chuang EY, Lee OK. Utilizing multimodal approach to identify candidate pathways and biomarkers and predicting frailty syndrome in individuals from UK Biobank. GeroScience 2024; 46:1211-1228. [PMID: 37523034 PMCID: PMC10828416 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Frailty, a prevalent clinical syndrome in aging adults, is characterized by poor health outcomes, represented via a standardized frailty-phenotype (FP), and Frailty Index (FI). While the relevance of the syndrome is gaining awareness, much remains unclear about its underlying biology. Further elucidation of the genetic determinants and possible underlying mechanisms may help improve patients' outcomes allowing healthy aging.Genotype, clinical and demographic data of subjects (aged 60-73 years) from UK Biobank were utilized. FP was defined on Fried's criteria. FI was calculated using electronic-health-records. Genome-wide-association-studies (GWAS) were conducted and polygenic-risk-scores (PRS) were calculated for both FP and FI. Functional analysis provided interpretations of underlying biology. Finally, machine-learning (ML) models were trained using clinical, demographic and PRS towards identifying frail from non-frail individuals.Thirty-one loci were significantly associated with FI accounting for 12% heritability. Seventeen of those were known associations for body-mass-index, coronary diseases, cholesterol-levels, and longevity, while the rest were novel. Significant genes CDKN2B and APOE, previously implicated in aging, were reported to be enriched in lipoprotein-particle-remodeling. Linkage-disequilibrium-regression identified specific regulation in limbic-system, associated with long-term memory and cognitive-function. XGboost was established as the best performing ML model with area-under-curve as 85%, sensitivity and specificity as 0.75 and 0.8, respectively.This study provides novel insights into increased vulnerability and risk stratification of frailty syndrome via a multi-modal approach. The findings suggest frailty as a highly polygenic-trait, enriched in cholesterol-remodeling and metabolism and to be genetically associated with cognitive abilities. ML models utilizing FP and FI + PRS were established that identified frailty-syndrome patients with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watson Hua-Sheng Tseng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amrita Chattopadhyay
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Y Chuang
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Centers of Genomic and Precision Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Oscar K Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center for Translational Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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17
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Li H, Wu S, Li J, Xiong Z, Yang K, Ye W, Ren J, Wang Q, Xiong M, Zheng Z, Zhang S, Han Z, Yang P, Jiang B, Ping J, Zuo Y, Lu X, Zhai Q, Yan H, Wang S, Ma S, Zhang B, Ye J, Qu J, Yang YG, Zhang F, Liu GH, Bao Y, Zhang W. HALL: a comprehensive database for human aging and longevity studies. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D909-D918. [PMID: 37870433 PMCID: PMC10767887 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse individuals age at different rates and display variable susceptibilities to tissue aging, functional decline and aging-related diseases. Centenarians, exemplifying extreme longevity, serve as models for healthy aging. The field of human aging and longevity research is rapidly advancing, garnering significant attention and accumulating substantial data in recent years. Omics technologies, encompassing phenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and microbiomics, have provided multidimensional insights and revolutionized cohort-based investigations into human aging and longevity. Accumulated data, covering diverse cells, tissues and cohorts across the lifespan necessitates the establishment of an open and integrated database. Addressing this, we established the Human Aging and Longevity Landscape (HALL), a comprehensive multi-omics repository encompassing a diverse spectrum of human cohorts, spanning from young adults to centenarians. The core objective of HALL is to foster healthy aging by offering an extensive repository of information on biomarkers that gauge the trajectory of human aging. Moreover, the database facilitates the development of diagnostic tools for aging-related conditions and empowers targeted interventions to enhance longevity. HALL is publicly available at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/hall/index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 324000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muzhao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zikai Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zichu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beier Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiale Ping
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuesheng Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haoteng Yan
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinlin Ye
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 324000, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yiming Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- National Genomics Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
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18
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Yang G, Mason AM, Wood AM, Schooling CM, Burgess S. Dose-Response Associations of Lipid Traits With Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2352572. [PMID: 38241044 PMCID: PMC10799266 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.52572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Apolipoprotein B (apoB), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, trial evidence for the association of intensive LDL-C lowering and TG lowering with mortality is less definitive. Objectives To investigate the associations of apoB, LDL-C, and TG with CAD and mortality, both overall and by sex and age, and to characterize the shapes of these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study used linear and nonlinear mendelian randomization (MR) to analyze a population-based cohort of individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank, which recruited participants from 2006 to 2010 with follow-up information updated until September 2021. Data analysis occurred from December 2022 to November 2023. Exposures Genetically predicted apoB, LDL-C, and TG. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were CAD, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality. Genetic associations with CAD were calculated using logistic regression, associations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, and associations with cause-specific mortality using cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression with censoring for other causes of mortality. Results This study included 347 797 participants (mean [SD] age, 57.2 [8.0] years; 188 330 female [54.1%]). There were 23 818 people who developed CAD and 23 848 people who died. Genetically predicted apoB was positively associated with risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.65 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.57-1.73), all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.06-1.16), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.24-1.50), with some evidence for larger associations in male participants than female participants. Findings were similar for LDL-C. Genetically predicted TG was positively associated with CAD (OR, 1.60; 95% CI 1.52-1.69), all-cause mortality (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09-1.34); however, sensitivity analyses suggested evidence of pleiotropy. The association of genetically predicted TG with CAD persisted but it was no longer associated with mortality outcomes after controlling for apoB. Nonlinear MR suggested that all these associations were monotonically increasing across the whole observed distribution of each lipid trait, with no diminution at low lipid levels. Such patterns were observed irrespective of sex or age. Conclusions and relevance In this genetic association study, apoB (or, equivalently, LDL-C) was associated with increased CAD risk, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality, all in a dose-dependent way. TG may increase CAD risk independent of apoB, although the possible presence of pleiotropy is a limitation. These insights highlight the importance of apoB (or, equivalently, LDL-C) lowering for reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality across its whole distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M. Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Wood
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Cohen NM, Lifshitz A, Jaschek R, Rinott E, Balicer R, Shlush LI, Barbash GI, Tanay A. Longitudinal machine learning uncouples healthy aging factors from chronic disease risks. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:129-144. [PMID: 38062254 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
To understand human longevity, inherent aging processes must be distinguished from known etiologies leading to age-related chronic diseases. Such deconvolution is difficult to achieve because it requires tracking patients throughout their entire lives. Here, we used machine learning to infer health trajectories over the entire adulthood age range using extrapolation from electronic medical records with partial longitudinal coverage. Using this approach, our model tracked the state of patients who were healthy and free from known chronic disease risk and distinguished individuals with higher or lower longevity potential using a multivariate score. We showed that the model and the markers it uses performed consistently on data from Israeli, British and US populations. For example, mildly low neutrophil counts and alkaline phosphatase levels serve as early indicators of healthy aging that are independent of risk for major chronic diseases. We characterize the heritability and genetic associations of our longevity score and demonstrate at least 1 year of extended lifespan for parents of high-scoring patients compared to matched controls. Longitudinal modeling of healthy individuals is thereby established as a tool for understanding healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Mendelson Cohen
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviezer Lifshitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rami Jaschek
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ran Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liran I Shlush
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriel I Barbash
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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20
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Schooling CM, Kwok MK, Zhao JV. The relationship of fatty acids to ischaemic heart disease and lifespan in men and women using Mendelian randomization. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1845-1852. [PMID: 37536998 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observationally, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have health benefits compared with saturated fatty acids (SFAs); randomized controlled trials suggest fewer benefits. We used uni- and multi-variable Mendelian randomization to assess the association of major fatty acids and their sub-species with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) overall and sex-specifically and with lifespan sex-specifically, given differing lifespan by sex. METHODS We obtained strong (P <5x10-8), independent (r2<0.001) genetic predictors of fatty acids from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a random subset of 114 999 UK Biobank participants. We applied these genetic predictors to the Cardiogram IHD GWAS (cases = 60 801, controls = 123 504) and to the Finngen consortium GWAS (cases = 31 640, controls = 187 152) for replication and to the UK Biobank for sex-specific IHD and for lifespan based on parental attained age (fathers = 415 311, mothers = 412 937). We used sensitivity analysis and assessed sex differences where applicable. RESULTS PUFAs were associated with IHD [odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05 to 1.44] and lifespan in men (-0.76 years, 95% CI -1.34 to -0.17) but not women (0.20, 95% CI -0.32 to 0.70). Findings were similar for omega-6 fatty acids and linoleic acid. Independent associations of SFAs, mono-unsaturated fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids with IHD overall or lifespan in men and women were limited. CONCLUSIONS PUFAs, via specific subspecies, may contribute to disparities in lifespan by sex. Sex-specific dietary advice might be a start towards personalized public health and addressing inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of New York, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Man Ki Kwok
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chen H, Tang X, Su W, Li S, Yang R, Cheng H, Zhang G, Zhou X. Causal effects of lipid-lowering therapies on aging-related outcomes and risk of cancers: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:15228-15242. [PMID: 38127052 PMCID: PMC10781452 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the widespread use of statins, newer lipid-lowering drugs have been emerging. It remains unclear how the long-term use of novel lipid-lowering drugs affects the occurrence of cancers and age-related diseases. METHODS A drug-target Mendelian randomization study was performed. Genetic variants of nine lipid-lowering drug-target genes (HMGCR, PCKS9, NPC1L1, LDLR, APOB, CETP, LPL, APOC3, and ANGPTL3) were extracted as exposures from the summary data of Global Lipids Genetics Consortium Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). GWAS summary data of cancers and noncancerous diseases were used as outcomes. The inverse-variance weighted method was applied as the main statistical approach. Sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the robustness, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity of the results. RESULTS In addition to marked effects on decreased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, genetically proxied lipid-lowering variants of PCKS9, CETP, LPL, LDLR, and APOC3 were associated with longer human lifespans (q<0.05). Lipid-lowering variants of ANGPTL3 and LDLR were associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer, and ANGPTL3 was also associated with lower risks of gastric cancer (q<0.05). Lipid-lowering LPL variants were associated with decreased risks of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and bladder cancer (q<0.05). Lipid-lowering variants of PCKS9 and HMGCR were associated with decreased risks of osteoporosis (q<0.05). Lipid-lowering APOB variants were associated with a decreased risk of thyroid cancer (q<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides genetic evidence that newer nonstatin lipid-lowering agents have causal effects on decreased risks of several common cancers and cardiometabolic diseases. These data provide genetic insights into the potential benefits of newer nonstatin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Kwok MK, Schooling CM. Unraveling Potential Sex-Specific Effects of Cardiovascular Medications on Longevity Using Mendelian Randomization. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030943. [PMID: 38108247 PMCID: PMC10863757 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Establishing the sex-specific efficacy of cardiovascular medications is pivotal to evidence-based clinical practice, potentially closing the gender gap in longevity. Trials large enough to establish sex differences are unavailable. This study evaluated sex-specific effects of commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications on lifespan. METHODS AND RESULTS In a two-sample Mendelian randomization study, established genetic variants mimicking effects of lipid-lowering drugs, antihypertensives, and diabetes drugs were applied to genetic associations with lifespan proxied by UK Biobank maternal (n=412 937) and paternal (n=415 311) attained age. Estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting, with sensitivity analyses where possible. For lipid-lowering drugs, genetically mimicked PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitors were associated with longer lifespan, particularly in men (2.39 years per SD low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction [95% CI, 0.42-4.36], P for interaction=0.14). Genetically mimicked treatments targeting APOC3, LPL, or possibly LDLR were associated with longer lifespan in both sexes. For antihypertensives, genetically mimicked β-blockers and calcium channel blockers were associated with longer lifespan, particularly in men (P for interaction=0.17 for β-blockers and 0.31 for calcium channel blockers). For diabetes drugs, genetically mimicked metformin was associated with longer lifespan in both sexes. No associations were found for genetically mimicked statins, ezetimibe, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9 inhibitors, β-blockers, and calcium channel blockers may prolong lifespan in the general population, particularly men. Treatments targeting APOC3, LPL, or LDLR and metformin may be relevant to both sexes. Whether other null findings are attributable to lack of efficacy requires investigation. Further investigation of repurposing should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Ki Kwok
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityHong KongChina
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - C. Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- City University of New York Graduate School of Public Health and Health PolicyNew YorkNY
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Chen H, Zhou X, Hu J, Li S, Wang Z, Zhu T, Cheng H, Zhang G. Genetic insights into the association of statin and newer nonstatin drug target genes with human longevity: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:220. [PMID: 38082436 PMCID: PMC10714481 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains controversial whether the long-term use of statins or newer nonstatin drugs has a positive effect on human longevity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the genetic associations between different lipid-lowering therapeutic gene targets and human longevity. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted. The exposures comprised genetic variants that proxy nine drug target genes mimicking lipid-lowering effects (LDLR, HMGCR, PCKS9, NPC1L1, APOB, CETP, LPL, APOC3, and ANGPTL3). Two large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary datasets of human lifespan, including up to 500,193 European individuals, were used as outcomes. The inverse-variance weighting method was applied as the main approach. Sensitivity tests were conducted to evaluate the robustness, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy of the results. Causal effects were further validated using expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data. RESULTS Genetically proxied LDLR variants, which mimic the effects of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were associated with extended lifespan. This association was replicated in the validation set and was further confirmed in the eQTL summary data of blood and liver tissues. Mediation analysis revealed that the genetic mimicry of LDLR enhancement extended lifespan by reducing the risk of major coronary heart disease, accounting for 22.8% of the mediation effect. The genetically proxied CETP and APOC3 inhibitions also showed causal effects on increased life expectancy in both outcome datasets. The lipid-lowering variants of HMGCR, PCKS9, LPL, and APOB were associated with longer lifespans but did not causally increase extreme longevity. No statistical evidence was detected to support an association between NPC1L1 and lifespan. CONCLUSION This study suggests that LDLR is a promising genetic target for human longevity. Lipid-related gene targets, such as PCSK9, CETP, and APOC3, might potentially regulate human lifespan, thus offering promising prospects for developing newer nonstatin therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- Branch of Health Promotion and Education, Jiangsu Anti-aging Association, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300# Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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Schooling CM, Fei K, Zhao JV. Selection bias as an explanation for the observed protective association of childhood adiposity with breast cancer. J Clin Epidemiol 2023; 164:104-111. [PMID: 37783402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recalled childhood adiposity is inversely associated with breast cancer observationally, including in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. Breast cancer studies recruited in adulthood only include survivors of childhood adiposity and breast cancer or a competing risk. We assessed recalled childhood adiposity on participant reported sibling and maternal breast cancer to ensure ascertainment of nonsurvivors. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We obtained independent strong genetic predictors of recalled childhood adiposity for women and their associations with participant reported own, sibling and maternal breast cancer from UK Biobank genome wide association studies. RESULTS Recalled childhood adiposity in women was inversely associated with own breast cancer using Mendelian randomization inverse variance weighting (odds ratio (OR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-0.84) but less clearly related to participant reported sibling (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.69-1.14) or maternal breast cancer (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67-1.05). CONCLUSION Weaker inverse associations of recalled childhood adiposity with breast cancer with more comprehensive ascertainment of cases before recruitment suggests the inverse association of recalled childhood adiposity with breast cancer could be partly selection bias from preferential selection of survivors. Greater consideration of survival bias in public health relevant causal inferences would be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mary Schooling
- Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY School of Public Health, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY 10027, USA; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kezhen Fei
- Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY School of Public Health, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jie V Zhao
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Sánchez-Valle J, Valencia A. Molecular bases of comorbidities: present and future perspectives. Trends Genet 2023; 39:773-786. [PMID: 37482451 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-occurrence of diseases decreases patient quality of life, complicates treatment choices, and increases mortality. Analyses of electronic health records present a complex scenario of comorbidity relationships that vary by age, sex, and cohort under study. The study of similarities between diseases using 'omics data, such as genes altered in diseases, gene expression, proteome, and microbiome, are fundamental to uncovering the origin of, and potential treatment for, comorbidities. Recent studies have produced a first generation of genetic interpretations for as much as 46% of the comorbidities described in large cohorts. Integrating different sources of molecular information and using artificial intelligence (AI) methods are promising approaches for the study of comorbidities. They may help to improve the treatment of comorbidities, including the potential repositioning of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Sánchez-Valle
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, 08034, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, 08034, Spain; ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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Gellert-Kristensen H, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Ghouse J, Fuchs A, Kühl JT, Sigvardsen PE, Kofoed KF, Stender S. Genetic risk of fatty liver disease and mortality in the general population: A Mendelian randomization study. Liver Int 2023; 43:1955-1965. [PMID: 37269170 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty liver disease has been associated with higher all-cause as well as liver-related, ischemic heart disease (IHD)-related and extrahepatic cancer-related mortality in observational epidemiological studies. We tested the hypothesis that fatty liver disease is a causal risk factor for higher mortality. METHODS We genotyped seven genetic variants known to be associated with fatty liver disease (in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, HSD17B13, MTARC1, MBOAT7, GCKR, and GPAM) in 110 913 individuals from the Danish general population. Hepatic steatosis was measured by hepatic computed tomography in n = 6965. Using a Mendelian randomization framework, we tested whether genetically proxied hepatic steatosis and/or elevated plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was associated with liver-related mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 16 119 individuals died. In observational analyses, baseline elevated plasma ALT was associated with higher all-cause (1.26-fold), liver-related (9-fold), and extrahepatic cancer-related (1.25-fold) mortality. In genetic analyses, the risk alleles in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and HSD17B13 were individually associated with higher liver-related mortality. The largest effects were seen for the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 risk alleles, for which homozygous carriers had 3-fold and 6-fold, respectively, higher liver-related mortality than non-carriers. None of the risk alleles, individually or combined into risk scores, were robustly associated with all-cause, IHD-related, or extrahepatic cancer-related mortality. In instrumental variable analyses, genetically proxied hepatic steatosis and higher plasma ALT were associated with liver-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS Human genetic data support that fatty liver disease is a causal driver of liver-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Gellert-Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ghouse
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen T Kühl
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per E Sigvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus F Kofoed
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen C, Wang J, Pan D, Wang X, Xu Y, Yan J, Wang L, Yang X, Yang M, Liu G. Applications of multi-omics analysis in human diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e315. [PMID: 37533767 PMCID: PMC10390758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics usually refers to the crossover application of multiple high-throughput screening technologies represented by genomics, transcriptomics, single-cell transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, spatial transcriptomics, and so on, which play a great role in promoting the study of human diseases. Most of the current reviews focus on describing the development of multi-omics technologies, data integration, and application to a particular disease; however, few of them provide a comprehensive and systematic introduction of multi-omics. This review outlines the existing technical categories of multi-omics, cautions for experimental design, focuses on the integrated analysis methods of multi-omics, especially the approach of machine learning and deep learning in multi-omics data integration and the corresponding tools, and the application of multi-omics in medical researches (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and drug target discovery) as well as the corresponding open-source analysis tools and databases, and finally, discusses the challenges and future directions of multi-omics integration and application in precision medicine. With the development of high-throughput technologies and data integration algorithms, as important directions of multi-omics for future disease research, single-cell multi-omics and spatial multi-omics also provided a detailed introduction. This review will provide important guidance for researchers, especially who are just entering into multi-omics medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
- Co‐innovation Center of NeurodegenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyShenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024)Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Donghui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Yuping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Junjie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Xifei Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyShenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology (2020–2024)Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and PreventionShenzhenChina
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear MedicineMinistry of HealthJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiChina
| | - Gong‐Ping Liu
- Co‐innovation Center of NeurodegenerationNantong UniversityNantongChina
- Department of PathophysiologySchool of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China and Hubei Province for Neurological DisordersTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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28
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Chen Z, Chen Z, Jin X. Mendelian randomization supports causality between overweight status and accelerated aging. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13899. [PMID: 37277933 PMCID: PMC10410004 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is reported that overweight may lead to accelerated aging. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the causal effect of overweight and aging. We collected genetic variants associated with overweight, age proxy indicators (telomere length, frailty index and facial aging), etc., from genome-wide association studies datasets. Then we performed MR analyses to explore associations between overweight and age proxy indicators. MR analyses were primarily conducted using the inverse variance weighted method, followed by various sensitivity and validation analyses. MR analyses indicated that there were significant associations of overweight on telomere length, frailty index, and facial aging (β = -0.018, 95% CI = -0.033 to -0.003, p = 0.0162; β = 0.055, 95% CI = 0.030-0.079, p < 0.0001; β = 0.029, 95% CI = 0.013-0.046, p = 0.0005 respectively). Overweight also had a significant negative causality with longevity expectancy (90th survival percentile, β = -0.220, 95% CI = -0.323 to -0.118, p < 0.0001; 99th survival percentile, β = -0.389, 95% CI = -0.652 to -0.126, p = 0.0038). Moreover, the findings tend to favor causal links between body fat mass/body fat percentage on aging proxy indicators, but not body fat-free mass. This study provides evidence of the causality between overweight and accelerated aging (telomere length decreased, frailty index increased, facial aging increased) and lower longevity expectancy. Accordingly, the potential significance of weight control and treatment of overweight in combating accelerated aging need to be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Chen
- 16th Department, Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyou Chen
- 8th Department, Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- 16th Department, Plastic Surgery HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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29
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Rosoff DB, Mavromatis LA, Bell AS, Wagner J, Jung J, Marioni RE, Davey Smith G, Horvath S, Lohoff FW. Multivariate genome-wide analysis of aging-related traits identifies novel loci and new drug targets for healthy aging. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1020-1035. [PMID: 37550455 PMCID: PMC10432278 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The concept of aging is complex, including many related phenotypes such as healthspan, lifespan, extreme longevity, frailty and epigenetic aging, suggesting shared biological underpinnings; however, aging-related endpoints have been primarily assessed individually. Using data from these traits and multivariate genome-wide association study methods, we modeled their underlying genetic factor ('mvAge'). mvAge (effective n = ~1.9 million participants of European ancestry) identified 52 independent variants in 38 genomic loci. Twenty variants were novel (not reported in input genome-wide association studies). Transcriptomic imputation identified age-relevant genes, including VEGFA and PHB1. Drug-target Mendelian randomization with metformin target genes showed a beneficial impact on mvAge (P value = 8.41 × 10-5). Similarly, genetically proxied thiazolidinediones (P value = 3.50 × 10-10), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 inhibition (P value = 1.62 × 10-6), angiopoietin-like protein 4, beta blockers and calcium channel blockers also had beneficial Mendelian randomization estimates. Extending the drug-target Mendelian randomization framework to 3,947 protein-coding genes prioritized 122 targets. Together, these findings will inform future studies aimed at improving healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- San Diego Institute of Science, Alto Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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30
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Ye CJ, Kong LJ, Wang YY, Dou C, Zheng J, Xu M, Xu Y, Li M, Zhao ZY, Lu JL, Chen YH, Ning G, Wang WQ, Bi YF, Wang TG. Mendelian randomization evidence for the causal effects of socio-economic inequality on human longevity among Europeans. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:1357-1370. [PMID: 37386110 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Human longevity correlates with socio-economic status, and there is evidence that educational attainment increases human lifespan. However, to inform meaningful health policies, we need fine-grained causal evidence on which dimensions of socio-economic status affect longevity and the mediating roles of modifiable factors such as lifestyle and disease. Here we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses applying genetic instruments of education, income and occupation (n = 248,847 to 1,131,881) to estimate their causal effects and consequences on parental lifespan and self-longevity (n = 28,967 to 1,012,240) from the largest available genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry. Each 4.20 years of additional educational attainment were causally associated with a 3.23-year-longer parental lifespan independently of income and occupation and were causally associated with 30-59% higher odds of self-longevity, suggesting that education was the primary determinant. By contrast, each one-standard-deviation-higher income and one-point-higher occupation was causally associated with 3.06-year-longer and 1.29-year-longer parental lifespans, respectively, but not independently of the other socio-economic indicators. We found no evidence for causal effects of income or occupation on self-longevity. Mediation analyses conducted in predominantly European-descent individuals through two-step Mendelian randomization suggested that among 59 candidates, cigarettes per day, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, type 2 diabetes, heart failure and lung cancer individually played substantial mediating roles (proportion mediated, >10%) in the effect of education on specific longevity outcomes. These findings inform interventions for remediating longevity disparities attributable to socio-economic inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Dou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie-Li Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tian-Ge Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yang G, Schooling CM. Genetically mimicked effects of ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and health outcomes: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study and a phenome-wide association study. BMC Med 2023; 21:235. [PMID: 37400795 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02903-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) is emerging as a potential drug target to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, we investigated genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and any possible adverse effects. METHODS We conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomization study to assess genetically mimicked effects of ASGR1 inhibitors on all-cause mortality and 25 a priori outcomes relevant to lipid traits, CAD, and possible adverse effects, i.e. liver function, cholelithiasis, adiposity and type 2 diabetes. We also performed a phenome-wide association study of 1951 health-related phenotypes to identify any novel effects. Associations found were compared with those for currently used lipid modifiers, assessed using colocalization, and replicated where possible. RESULTS Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were associated with a longer lifespan (3.31 years per standard deviation reduction in LDL-cholesterol, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 5.62). Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were inversely associated with apolipoprotein B (apoB), triglycerides (TG) and CAD risk. Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were positively associated with alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, erythrocyte traits, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP), but were inversely associated with albumin and calcium. Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors were not associated with cholelithiasis, adiposity or type 2 diabetes. Associations with apoB and TG were stronger for ASGR1 inhibitors compared with currently used lipid modifiers, and most non-lipid effects were specific to ASGR1 inhibitors. The probabilities for colocalization were > 0.80 for most of these associations, but were 0.42 for lifespan and 0.30 for CAD. These associations were replicated using alternative genetic instruments and other publicly available genetic summary statistics. CONCLUSIONS Genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors reduced all-cause mortality. Beyond lipid-lowering, genetically mimicked ASGR1 inhibitors increased liver enzymes, erythrocyte traits, IGF-1 and CRP, but decreased albumin and calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
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32
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Ng JCM, Schooling CM. Effect of basal metabolic rate on lifespan: a sex-specific Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7761. [PMID: 37173352 PMCID: PMC10182013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Observationally, the association of basal metabolic rate (BMR) with mortality is mixed, although some ageing theories suggest that higher BMR should reduce lifespan. It remains unclear whether a causal association exists. In this one-sample Mendelian randomization study, we aimed to estimate the casual effect of BMR on parental attained age, a proxy for lifespan, using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods. We obtained genetic variants strongly (p-value < 5 × 10-8) and independently (r2 < 0.001) predicting BMR from the UK Biobank and applied them to a genome-wide association study of parental attained age based on the UK Biobank. We meta-analyzed genetic variant-specific Wald ratios using inverse-variance weighting with multiplicative random effects by sex, supplemented by sensitivity analysis. A total of 178 and 180 genetic variants predicting BMR in men and women were available for father's and mother's attained age, respectively. Genetically predicted BMR was inversely associated with father's and mother's attained age (years of life lost per unit increase in effect size of genetically predicted BMR, 0.46 and 1.36; 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.85 and 0.89-1.82), with a stronger association in women than men. In conclusion, higher BMR might reduce lifespan. The underlying pathways linking to major causes of death and relevant interventions warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C M Ng
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, 55 West 125th St, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Mavromatis LA, Rosoff DB, Bell AS, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Multi-omic underpinnings of epigenetic aging and human longevity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2236. [PMID: 37076473 PMCID: PMC10115892 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is accompanied by increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs; however, its molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we use multi-omic methods to integrate genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data and identify biological associations with four measures of epigenetic age acceleration and a human longevity phenotype comprising healthspan, lifespan, and exceptional longevity (multivariate longevity). Using transcriptomic imputation, fine-mapping, and conditional analysis, we identify 22 high confidence associations with epigenetic age acceleration and seven with multivariate longevity. FLOT1, KPNA4, and TMX2 are novel, high confidence genes associated with epigenetic age acceleration. In parallel, cis-instrument Mendelian randomization of the druggable genome associates TPMT and NHLRC1 with epigenetic aging, supporting transcriptomic imputation findings. Metabolomics Mendelian randomization identifies a negative effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and associated lipoproteins on multivariate longevity, but not epigenetic age acceleration. Finally, cell-type enrichment analysis implicates immune cells and precursors in epigenetic age acceleration and, more modestly, multivariate longevity. Follow-up Mendelian randomization of immune cell traits suggests lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphocytic surface molecules affect multivariate longevity and epigenetic age acceleration. Our results highlight druggable targets and biological pathways involved in aging and facilitate multi-omic comparisons of epigenetic clocks and human longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel B Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew S Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Shared genetic architecture between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifespan. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:981-990. [PMID: 36906694 PMCID: PMC10209393 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence linking ADHD to a reduced life expectancy. The mortality rate in individuals with ADHD is twice that of the general population and it is associated with several factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, social adversity, and mental health problems that may in turn increase mortality rates. Since ADHD and lifespan are heritable, we used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD and parental lifespan, as proxy of individual lifespan, to estimate their genetic correlation, identify genetic loci jointly associated with both phenotypes and assess causality. We confirmed a negative genetic correlation between ADHD and parental lifespan (rg = -0.36, P = 1.41e-16). Nineteen independent loci were jointly associated with both ADHD and parental lifespan, with most of the alleles that increased the risk for ADHD being associated with shorter lifespan. Fifteen loci were novel for ADHD and two were already present in the original GWAS on parental lifespan. Mendelian randomization analyses pointed towards a negative causal effect of ADHD liability on lifespan (P = 1.54e-06; Beta = -0.07), although these results were not confirmed by all sensitivity analyses performed, and further evidence is required. The present study provides the first evidence of a common genetic background between ADHD and lifespan, which may play a role in the reported effect of ADHD on premature mortality risk. These results are consistent with previous epidemiological data describing reduced lifespan in mental disorders and support that ADHD is an important health condition that could negatively affect future life outcomes.
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Lasick KA, Jose E, Samayoa AM, Shanks L, Pond KW, Thorne CA, Paek AL. FOXO nuclear shuttling dynamics are stimulus-dependent and correspond with cell fate. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar21. [PMID: 36735481 PMCID: PMC10011729 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors are regulators of cellular homeostasis linked to increased lifespan and tumor suppression. FOXOs are activated by diverse cell stresses including serum starvation and oxidative stress. FOXO activity is regulated through posttranslational modifications that control shuttling of FOXO proteins to the nucleus. In the nucleus, FOXOs up-regulate genes in multiple, often conflicting pathways, including cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. How cells control FOXO activity to ensure the proper response for a given stress is an open question. Using quantitative immunofluorescence and live-cell imaging, we found that the dynamics of FOXO nuclear shuttling is stimulus-dependent and corresponds with cell fate. H2O2 treatment leads to an all-or-none response where some cells show no nuclear FOXO accumulation, while other cells show a strong nuclear FOXO signal. The time that FOXO remains in the nucleus increases with the dose and is linked with cell death. In contrast, serum starvation causes low-amplitude pulses of nuclear FOXO and predominantly results in cell-cycle arrest. The accumulation of FOXO in the nucleus is linked with low AKT activity for both H2O2 and serum starvation. Our findings suggest the dynamics of FOXO nuclear shuttling is one way in which the FOXO pathway dictates different cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Lasick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Elizabeth Jose
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Allison M. Samayoa
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719
| | - Lisa Shanks
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Kelvin W. Pond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Curtis A. Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Andrew L. Paek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724
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36
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Daghlas I, Gill D. Mendelian randomization as a tool to inform drug development using human genetics. CAMBRIDGE PRISMS. PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 1:e16. [PMID: 38550933 PMCID: PMC10953771 DOI: 10.1017/pcm.2023.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Drug development is essential to the advancement of human health, however, the process is slow, costly, and at high risk of failure at all stages. A promising strategy for expediting and improving the probability of success in the drug development process is the use of naturally randomized human genetic variation for drug target identification and validation. These data can be harnessed using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analytic paradigm to proxy the lifelong consequences of genetic perturbations of drug targets. In this review, we discuss the myriad applications of the MR paradigm for human drug target identification and validation. We review the methodology and applications of MR, key limitations of MR, and potential future opportunities for research. Throughout the review, we refer to illustrative examples of MR analyses investigating the consequences of genetic inhibition of interleukin 6 signaling which, in some cases, have anticipated results from randomized controlled trials. As human genetic data become more widely available, we predict that MR will serve as a key pillar of support for drug development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyas Daghlas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Chief Scientific Advisor Office, Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Takahashi A, Ishigaki K, Hirata M, Matsuda K, Momozawa Y, Okada Y, Ninomiya T, Terao C, Murakami Y, Kubo M, Kamatani Y. Genome-wide association study reveals BET1L associated with survival time in the 137,693 Japanese individuals. Commun Biol 2023; 6:143. [PMID: 36737517 PMCID: PMC9898503 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human lifespan is reported to be heritable. Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several loci, a limited number of studies have assessed the genetic associations with the real survival information on the participants. We conducted a GWAS to identify loci associated with survival time in the Japanese individuals participated in the BioBank Japan Project by carrying out sex-stratified GWASs involving 78,029 males and 59,664 females. Of them, 31,324 (22.7%) died during the mean follow-up period of 7.44 years. We found a novel locus associated with survival (BET1L; P = 5.89 × 10-9). By integrating with eQTL data, we detected a significant overlap with eQTL of BET1L in skeletal muscle. A gene-set enrichment analysis showed that genes related to the BCAR1 protein-protein interaction subnetwork influence survival time (P = 1.54 × 10-7). These findings offer the candidate genes and biological mechanisms associated with human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Akiyama
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.410796.d0000 0004 0378 8307Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XLaboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate school of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | | | - Chikashi Terao
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan ,grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- grid.509459.40000 0004 0472 0267RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. .,Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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38
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Revelas M, Thalamuthu A, Zettergren A, Oldmeadow C, Najar J, Seidu NM, Armstrong NJ, Riveros C, Kwok JB, Schofield PR, Trollor JN, Waern M, Wright MJ, Zetterberg H, Ames D, Belnnow K, Brodaty H, Scott RJ, Skoog I, Attia JR, Sachdev PS, Mather KA. High polygenic risk score for exceptional longevity is associated with a healthy metabolic profile. GeroScience 2023; 45:399-413. [PMID: 35972662 PMCID: PMC9886704 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy metabolic measures in humans are associated with longevity. Dysregulation leads to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and negative health outcomes. Recent exceptional longevity (EL) genome wide association studies have facilitated estimation of an individual's polygenic risk score (PRS) for EL. We tested the hypothesis that individuals with high ELPRS have a low prevalence of MetS. Participants were from five cohorts of middle-aged to older adults. The primary analyses were performed in the UK Biobank (UKBB) (n = 407,800, 40-69 years). Replication analyses were undertaken using three Australian studies: Hunter Community Study (n = 2122, 55-85 years), Older Australian Twins Study (n = 539, 65-90 years) and Sydney Memory and Ageing Study (n = 925, 70-90 years), as well as the Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (n = 2273, 70-93 years). MetS was defined using established criteria. Regressions and meta-analyses were performed with the ELPRS and MetS and its components. Generally, MetS prevalence (22-30%) was higher in the older cohorts. In the UKBB, high EL polygenic risk was associated with lower MetS prevalence (OR = 0.94, p = 1.84 × 10-42) and its components (p < 2.30 × 10-8). Meta-analyses of the replication cohorts showed nominal associations with MetS (p = 0.028) and 3 MetS components (p < 0.05). This work suggests individuals with a high polygenic risk for EL have a healthy metabolic profile promoting longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Revelas
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jenna Najar
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nazib M Seidu
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicola J Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Margda Waern
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychosis Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Hong Kong Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Ames
- University of Melbourne Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, Kew, VIC, Australia
- National Ageing Research Institute, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaj Belnnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Valge M, Meitern R, Hõrak P. Mothers of small-bodied children and fathers of vigorous sons live longer. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1057146. [PMID: 36761140 PMCID: PMC9905732 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1057146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Life-history traits (traits directly related to survival and reproduction) co-evolve and materialize through physiology and behavior. Accordingly, lifespan can be hypothesized as a potentially informative marker of life-history speed that subsumes the impact of diverse morphometric and behavioral traits. We examined associations between parental longevity and various anthropometric traits in a sample of 4,000-11,000 Estonian children in the middle of the 20th century. The offspring phenotype was used as a proxy measure of parental genotype, so that covariation between offspring traits and parental longevity (defined as belonging to the 90th percentile of lifespan) could be used to characterize the aggregation between longevity and anthropometric traits. We predicted that larger linear dimensions of offspring associate with increased parental longevity and that testosterone-dependent traits associate with reduced paternal longevity. Twelve of 16 offspring traits were associated with mothers' longevity, while three traits (rate of sexual maturation of daughters and grip strength and lung capacity of sons) robustly predicted fathers' longevity. Contrary to predictions, mothers of children with small bodily dimensions lived longer, and paternal longevity was not linearly associated with their children's body size (or testosterone-related traits). Our study thus failed to find evidence that high somatic investment into brain and body growth clusters with a long lifespan across generations, and/or that such associations can be detected on the basis of inter-generational phenotypic correlations.
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40
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Fang H, Chen W, Jin A, Wang M, Yan H, Xiang X, Pan Y. Effects of genetically determined mineral status on life expectancy: a Mendelian randomization study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:242-244. [PMID: 36808119 PMCID: PMC10106140 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Weiqi Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Aoming Jin
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xianglong Xiang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
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Kunizheva SS, Volobaev VP, Plotnikova MY, Kupriyanova DA, Kuznetsova IL, Tyazhelova TV, Rogaev EI. Current Trends and Approaches to the Search for Genetic Determinants of Aging and Longevity. RUSS J GENET+ 2022; 58:1427-1443. [PMID: 36590179 PMCID: PMC9794410 DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process of extinction of the body and the main aspect that determines the life expectancy for individuals who have survived to the post-reproductive period. The process of aging is accompanied by certain physiological, immune, and metabolic changes in the body, as well as the development of age-related diseases. The contribution of genetic factors to human life expectancy is estimated at about 25-30%. Despite the success in identifying genes and metabolic pathways that may be involved in the life extension process in model organisms, the key question remains to what extent these data can be extrapolated to humans, for example, because of the complexity of its biological and sociocultural systems, as well as possible species differences in life expectancy and causes of mortality. New molecular genetic methods have significantly expanded the possibilities for searching for genetic factors of human life expectancy and identifying metabolic pathways of aging, the interaction of genes and transcription factors, the regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription, and epigenetic modifications. The review presents the latest research and current strategies for studying the genetic basis of human aging and longevity: the study of individual candidate genes in genetic population studies, variations identified by the GWAS method, immunogenetic differences in aging, and genomic studies to identify factors of "healthy aging." Understanding the mechanisms of the interaction between factors affecting the life expectancy and the possibility of their regulation can become the basis for developing comprehensive measures to achieve healthy longevity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1134/S1022795422120067.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Kunizheva
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V. P. Volobaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - M. Yu. Plotnikova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - D. A. Kupriyanova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - I. L. Kuznetsova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T. V. Tyazhelova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. I. Rogaev
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, 01545 Shrewsbury, MA United States
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Bae H, Gurinovich A, Karagiannis TT, Song Z, Leshchyk A, Li M, Andersen SL, Arbeev K, Yashin A, Zmuda J, An P, Feitosa M, Giuliani C, Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Mengel-From J, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Puca A, Schork NJ, Perls TT, Sebastiani P. A Genome-Wide Association Study of 2304 Extreme Longevity Cases Identifies Novel Longevity Variants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010116. [PMID: 36613555 PMCID: PMC9820206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of human extreme longevity (EL), defined as surviving past the 99th survival percentile, by aggregating data from four centenarian studies. The combined data included 2304 EL cases and 5879 controls. The analysis identified a locus in CDKN2B-AS1 (rs6475609, p = 7.13 × 10-8) that almost reached genome-wide significance and four additional loci that were suggestively significant. Among these, a novel rare variant (rs145265196) on chromosome 11 had much higher longevity allele frequencies in cases of Ashkenazi Jewish and Southern Italian ancestry compared to cases of other European ancestries. We also correlated EL-associated SNPs with serum proteins to link our findings to potential biological mechanisms that may be related to EL and are under genetic regulation. The findings from the proteomic analyses suggested that longevity-promoting alleles of significant genetic variants either provided EL cases with more youthful molecular profiles compared to controls or provided some form of protection from other illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, and disease progressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Bae
- Biostatistics Program, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Anastasia Gurinovich
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tanya T. Karagiannis
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Zeyuan Song
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anastasia Leshchyk
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mengze Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stacy L. Andersen
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantin Arbeev
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Zmuda
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ping An
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary Feitosa
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cristina Giuliani
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Aging, Lobachevsky University, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Genetics and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10451, USA
| | - Annibale Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20099 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Thomas T. Perls
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Center for Quantitative Methods and Data Science, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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43
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He D, Liu L, Zhang Z, Yang X, Jia Y, Wen Y, Cheng S, Meng P, Li C, Zhang H, Pan C, Zhang F. Association between gut microbiota and longevity: a genetic correlation and mendelian randomization study. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:302. [PMID: 36510142 PMCID: PMC9746102 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longevity is one of the most complex phenotypes, and its genetic basis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the genetic correlation and potential causal association between gut microbiota and longevity. RESULTS Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression analysis and a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis were performed to analyze gut microbiota and longevity-related traits. LDSC analysis detected four candidate genetic correlations, including Veillonella (genetic correlation = 0.5578, P = 4.67 × 10- 2) and Roseburia (genetic correlation = 0.4491, P = 2.67 × 10- 2) for longevity, Collinsella (genetic correlation = 0.3144, P = 4.07 × 10- 2) for parental lifespan and Sporobacter (genetic correlation = 0.2092, P = 3.53 × 10- 2) for healthspan. Further MR analysis observed suggestive causation between Collinsella and parental longevity (father's age at death) (weighted median: b = 1.79 × 10- 3, P = 3.52 × 10- 2). Reverse MR analysis also detected several causal effects of longevity-related traits on gut microbiota, such as longevity and Sporobacter (IVW: b = 7.02 × 10- 1, P = 4.21 × 10- 25). Statistical insignificance of the heterogeneity test and pleiotropy test supported the validity of the MR study. CONCLUSION Our study found evidence that gut microbiota is causally associated with longevity, or vice versa, providing novel clues for understanding the roles of gut microbiota in aging development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Li Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuena Yang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Wen
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilin Meng
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chun’e Li
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chuyu Pan
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Association of autoimmune diseases with Alzheimer's disease: A mendelian randomization study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:550-558. [PMID: 36198219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease may have an autoimmune component, but the association is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study was to evaluate the association of liability to autoimmune diseases with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A systematic search was done using PubMed to identify autoimmune diseases that have been suggested as associated with Alzheimer's disease. Genetic predictors of these autoimmune diseases were obtained from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic associations with clinically-diagnosed Alzheimer's disease were obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project GWAS (21982 cases; 41944 controls); and with parental and sibling history of Alzheimer's disease from the UK Biobank GWAS (27696 maternal, 14338 paternal and 2171 sibling cases). MR estimates were obtained using inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger and weighted median. To address possible selection bias due to inevitably recruiting only survivors, the analysis was repeated in younger people, i.e., UK Biobank siblings and adjusting for competing risk of Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS Of the 7 autoimmune diseases considered, liability to psoriasis and sarcoidosis were not associated with Alzheimer's disease. Some evidence was found for liability to multiple sclerosis being associated with higher risk and liability to Sjogren's syndrome with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. Associations found for liability to giant cell arteritis, type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis were inconsistent in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Liability to multiple sclerosis and Sjogren's syndrome could be associated with Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanisms, such as the role of myelin and neuroinflammation, should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ho Ching Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, USA
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45
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Quinlan RA, Clark JI. Insights into the biochemical and biophysical mechanisms mediating the longevity of the transparent optics of the eye lens. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102537. [PMID: 36174677 PMCID: PMC9638808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human eye, a transparent cornea and lens combine to form the "refracton" to focus images on the retina. This requires the refracton to have a high refractive index "n," mediated largely by extracellular collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma and the highly concentrated crystallin proteins in the cytoplasm of the lens fiber cells. Transparency is a result of short-range order in the spatial arrangement of corneal collagen fibrils and lens crystallins, generated in part by post-translational modifications (PTMs). However, while corneal collagen is remodeled continuously and replaced, lens crystallins are very long-lived and are not replaced and so accumulate PTMs over a lifetime. Eventually, a tipping point is reached when protein aggregation results in increased light scatter, inevitably leading to the iconic protein condensation-based disease, age-related cataract (ARC). Cataracts account for 50% of vision impairment worldwide, affecting far more people than other well-known protein aggregation-based diseases. However, because accumulation of crystallin PTMs begins before birth and long before ARC presents, we postulate that the lens protein PTMs contribute to a "cataractogenic load" that not only increases with age but also has protective effects on optical function by stabilizing lens crystallins until a tipping point is reached. In this review, we highlight decades of experimental findings that support the potential for PTMs to be protective during normal development. We hypothesize that ARC is preventable by protecting the biochemical and biophysical properties of lens proteins needed to maintain transparency, refraction, and optical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - John I Clark
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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46
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Yang G, Au Yeung SL, Schooling CM. Sex differences in the association of fasting glucose with HbA1c, and their consequences for mortality: A Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2022; 84:104259. [PMID: 36179552 PMCID: PMC9520189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used for diabetes diagnosis and management. HbA1c also represents iron-related erythrocyte properties which differ by sex. We investigated erythrocyte properties on HbA1c and glucose, and whether corresponding consequences for mortality differed by sex. METHODS In this two-sample Mendelian randomization study using the largest publicly available European descent summary statistics, we assessed sex-specific associations of iron (n=163,511) and hemoglobin (188,076 women/162,398 men) with HbA1c (185,022 women/159,160 men) and fasting glucose (73,089 women/67,506 men), of fasting glucose with HbA1c and diabetes (cases=6,589 women/10,686 men, controls=187,137 women/155,780 men), and of fasting glucose (n=140,595), HbA1c (n=146,806) and liability to diabetes (74,124 cases/824,006 controls) with parental attained age (412,937 mothers/415,311 fathers). FINDINGS Iron and hemoglobin were inversely associated with HbA1c but not fasting glucose. Fasting glucose was more strongly associated with HbA1c and diabetes in women (1.65 standard deviation (SD) per mmol/L [95% confidence interval 1.58, 1.72]; odds ratio (OR) 7.36 per mmol/L [4.12, 10.98]) than men (0.89 [0.81, 0.98]; OR 2.79 [1.96, 4.98]). The inverse associations of HbA1c and liability to diabetes with lifespan were possibly stronger in men (-1.80 years per percentage [-2.77, -0.42]; -0.93 years per logOR [-1.23, -0.59]) than women (-0.80 [-2.69, 0.66]; -0.44 [-0.62, -0.26]). INTERPRETATION HbA1c underestimates fasting glucose in men compared with women, possibly due to erythrocyte properties. Whether HbA1c and liability to diabetes reduce lifespan more in men than women because diagnostic and management criteria involving HbA1c mean that glycemia in men is under-treated compared to women needs urgent investigation. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Catherine Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, United States.
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Sleiman MB, Roy S, Gao AW, Sadler MC, von Alvensleben GVG, Li H, Sen S, Harrison DE, Nelson JF, Strong R, Miller RA, Kutalik Z, Williams RW, Auwerx J. Sex- and age-dependent genetics of longevity in a heterogeneous mouse population. Science 2022; 377:eabo3191. [PMID: 36173858 PMCID: PMC9905652 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA variants that modulate life span provide insight into determinants of health, disease, and aging. Through analyses in the UM-HET3 mice of the Interventions Testing Program (ITP), we detected a sex-independent quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 and identified sex-specific QTLs, some of which we detected only in older mice. Similar relations between life history and longevity were uncovered in mice and humans, underscoring the importance of early access to nutrients and early growth. We identified common age- and sex-specific genetic effects on gene expression that we integrated with model organism and human data to create a hypothesis-building interactive resource of prioritized longevity and body weight genes. Finally, we validated Hipk1, Ddost, Hspg2, Fgd6, and Pdk1 as conserved longevity genes using Caenorhabditis elegans life-span experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arwen W. Gao
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marie C. Sadler
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo V. G. von Alvensleben
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - James F. Nelson
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Center for Longevity Studies at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Zoltán Kutalik
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health (Unisante), University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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48
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Torres GG, Dose J, Hasenbein TP, Nygaard M, Krause-Kyora B, Mengel-From J, Christensen K, Andersen-Ranberg K, Kolbe D, Lieb W, Laudes M, Görg S, Schreiber S, Franke A, Caliebe A, Kuhlenbäumer G, Nebel A. Long-Lived Individuals Show a Lower Burden of Variants Predisposing to Age-Related Diseases and a Higher Polygenic Longevity Score. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10949. [PMID: 36142858 PMCID: PMC9504529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity is a complex phenotype influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The genetic contribution is estimated at about 25%. Despite extensive research efforts, only a few longevity genes have been validated across populations. Long-lived individuals (LLI) reach extreme ages with a relative low prevalence of chronic disability and major age-related diseases (ARDs). We tested whether the protection from ARDs in LLI can partly be attributed to genetic factors by calculating polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for seven common late-life diseases (Alzheimer's disease (AD), atrial fibrillation (AF), coronary artery disease (CAD), colorectal cancer (CRC), ischemic stroke (ISS), Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D)). The examined sample comprised 1351 German LLI (≥94 years, including 643 centenarians) and 4680 German younger controls. For all ARD-PRSs tested, the LLI had significantly lower scores than the younger control individuals (areas under the curve (AUCs): ISS = 0.59, p = 2.84 × 10-35; AD = 0.59, p = 3.16 × 10-25; AF = 0.57, p = 1.07 × 10-16; CAD = 0.56, p = 1.88 × 10-12; CRC = 0.52, p = 5.85 × 10-3; PD = 0.52, p = 1.91 × 10-3; T2D = 0.51, p = 2.61 × 10-3). We combined the individual ARD-PRSs into a meta-PRS (AUC = 0.64, p = 6.45 × 10-15). We also generated two genome-wide polygenic scores for longevity, one with and one without the TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 gene region (AUC (incl. TOMM40/APOE/APOC1) = 0.56, p = 1.45 × 10-5, seven variants; AUC (excl. TOMM40/APOE/APOC1) = 0.55, p = 9.85 × 10-3, 10,361 variants). Furthermore, the inclusion of nine markers from the excluded region (not in LD with each other) plus the APOE haplotype into the model raised the AUC from 0.55 to 0.61. Thus, our results highlight the importance of TOMM40/APOE/APOC1 as a longevity hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo G. Torres
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim P. Hasenbein
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technical University Munich, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern, Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Mengel-From
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern, Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern, Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsloews Vej 4, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 47, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Andersen-Ranberg
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, University of Southern, Denmark, J.B. Winsloews Vej 9B, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Kolbe
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology and Biobank Popgen, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Siegfried Görg
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Str. 10, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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49
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Genetic risk factors have a substantial impact on healthy life years. Nat Med 2022; 28:1893-1901. [PMID: 36097220 PMCID: PMC9499866 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The impact of genetic variation on overall disease burden has not been comprehensively evaluated. We introduce an approach to estimate the effect of genetic risk factors on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; 'lost healthy life years'). We use genetic information from 735,748 individuals and consider 80 diseases. Rare variants had the highest effect on DALYs at the individual level. Among common variants, rs3798220 (LPA) had the strongest individual-level effect, with 1.18 DALYs from carrying 1 versus 0 copies. Being in the top 10% versus the bottom 90% of a polygenic score for multisite chronic pain had an effect of 3.63 DALYs. Some common variants had a population-level effect comparable to modifiable risk factors such as high sodium intake and low physical activity. Attributable DALYs vary between males and females for some genetic exposures. Genetic risk factors can explain a sizable number of healthy life years lost both at the individual and population level.
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50
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Timmers PRHJ, Wilson JF. Limited Effect of Y Chromosome Variation on Coronary Artery Disease and Mortality in UK Biobank-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1198-1206. [PMID: 35861954 PMCID: PMC9394501 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of genetic variation in the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) on coronary artery disease and cardiovascular risk factors has been disputed. In this study, we systematically assessed the association of MSY genetic variation on these traits using a kin-cohort analysis of family disease history in the largest sample to date. METHODS We tested 90 MSY haplogroups against coronary artery disease, hypertension, blood pressure, classical lipid levels, and all-cause mortality in up to 152 186 unrelated, genomically British individuals from UK Biobank. Unlike previous studies, we did not adjust for heritable lifestyle factors (to avoid collider bias) and instead adjusted for geographic variables and socioeconomic deprivation, given the link between MSY haplogroups and geography. For family history traits, subject MSY haplogroups were tested against father and mother disease as validation and negative control, respectively. RESULTS Our models find little evidence for an effect of any MSY haplogroup on cardiovascular risk in participants. Parental models confirm these findings. CONCLUSIONS Kin-cohort analysis of the Y chromosome uniquely allows for discoveries in subjects to be validated using family history data. Despite our large sample size, improved models, and parental validation, there is little evidence to suggest cardiovascular risk in UK Biobank is influenced by genetic variation in MSY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute (P.R.H.J.T., J.F.W.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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