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Lewis CM, Hoffmann A, Helmchen F. Linking brain activity across scales with simultaneous opto- and electrophysiology. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:033403. [PMID: 37662552 PMCID: PMC10472193 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.3.033403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain enables adaptive behavior via the dynamic coordination of diverse neuronal signals across spatial and temporal scales: from fast action potential patterns in microcircuits to slower patterns of distributed activity in brain-wide networks. Understanding principles of multiscale dynamics requires simultaneous monitoring of signals in multiple, distributed network nodes. Combining optical and electrical recordings of brain activity is promising for collecting data across multiple scales and can reveal aspects of coordinated dynamics invisible to standard, single-modality approaches. We review recent progress in combining opto- and electrophysiology, focusing on mouse studies that shed new light on the function of single neurons by embedding their activity in the context of brain-wide activity patterns. Optical and electrical readouts can be tailored to desired scales to tackle specific questions. For example, fast dynamics in single cells or local populations recorded with multi-electrode arrays can be related to simultaneously acquired optical signals that report activity in specified subpopulations of neurons, in non-neuronal cells, or in neuromodulatory pathways. Conversely, two-photon imaging can be used to densely monitor activity in local circuits while sampling electrical activity in distant brain areas at the same time. The refinement of combined approaches will continue to reveal previously inaccessible and under-appreciated aspects of coordinated brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Hoffmann
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- University of Zurich, Brain Research Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Research Priority Program, Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Ge GR, Song W, Giannetto MJ, Rolland JP, Nedergaard M, Parker KJ. Mouse brain elastography changes with sleep/wake cycles, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2024; 295:120662. [PMID: 38823503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological processes in aging and how neurodegenerative disorders affect cognitive function is a high priority for advancing human health. One specific area of recently enabled research is the in vivo biomechanical state of the brain. This study utilized reverberant optical coherence elastography, a high-resolution elasticity imaging method, to investigate stiffness changes during the sleep/wake cycle, aging, and Alzheimer's disease in murine models. Four-dimensional scans of 44 wildtype mice, 13 mice with deletion of aquaporin-4 water channel, and 12 mice with Alzheimer-related pathology (APP/PS1) demonstrated that (1) cortical tissue became softer (on the order of a 10% decrease in shear wave speed) when young wildtype mice transitioned from wake to anesthetized, yet this effect was lost in aging and with mice overexpressing amyloid-β or lacking the water channel AQP4. (2) Cortical stiffness increased with age in all mice lines, but wildtype mice exhibited the most prominent changes as a function of aging. The study provides novel insight into the brain's biomechanics, the constraints of fluid flow, and how the state of brain activity affects basic properties of cortical tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Ge
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Wei Song
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael J Giannetto
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jannick P Rolland
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 204 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 361 Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200-N, Denmark.
| | - Kevin J Parker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, 204 Robert B. Goergen Hall, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, 500 Computer Studies Building, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; Department of Imaging Sciences (Radiology), University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Sharon O, Ben Simon E, Shah VD, Desel T, Walker MP. The new science of sleep: From cells to large-scale societies. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002684. [PMID: 38976664 PMCID: PMC11230563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, more remarkable revelations about sleep and its varied functions have arguably been made than in the previous 200. Building on this swell of recent findings, this essay provides a broad sampling of selected research highlights across genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological systems within the body, networks within the brain, and large-scale social dynamics. Based on this raft of exciting new discoveries, we have come to realize that sleep, in this moment of its evolution, is very much polyfunctional (rather than monofunctional), yet polyfunctional for reasons we had never previously considered. Moreover, these new polyfunctional insights powerfully reaffirm sleep as a critical biological, and thus health-sustaining, requisite. Indeed, perhaps the only thing more impressive than the unanticipated nature of these newly emerging sleep functions is their striking divergence, from operations of molecular mechanisms inside cells to entire group societal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Sharon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eti Ben Simon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Vyoma D. Shah
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tenzin Desel
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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4
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Chen X, Cramer SR, Chan DCY, Han X, Zhang N. Sequential deactivation across the thalamus-hippocampus-mPFC pathway during loss of consciousness. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.20.594986. [PMID: 38826282 PMCID: PMC11142108 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.20.594986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
How consciousness is lost in states such as sleep or anesthesia remains a mystery. To gain insight into this phenomenon, we conducted concurrent recordings of electrophysiology signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in rats exposed to graded propofol, undergoing the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness. Our results reveal that upon the loss of consciousness (LOC), as indicated by the loss of righting reflex, there is a sharp increase in low-frequency power of the electrophysiological signal. Additionally, simultaneously measured fMRI signals exhibit a cascade of deactivation across a pathway including the hippocampus, thalamus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) surrounding the moment of LOC, followed by a broader increase in brain activity across the cortex during sustained unconsciousness. Furthermore, sliding window analysis demonstrates a temporary increase in synchrony of fMRI signals across the hippocampus-thalamus-mPFC pathway preceding LOC. These data suggest that LOC might be triggered by sequential activities in the hippocampus, thalamus and mPFC, while wide-spread activity increases in other cortical regions commonly observed during anesthesia-induced unconsciousness might be a consequence, rather than a cause of LOC. Taken together, our study identifies a cascade of neural events unfolding as the brain transitions into unconsciousness, offering critical insight into the systems-level neural mechanisms underpinning LOC.
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Kozberg MG, Munting LP, Maresco LH, Auger CA, van den Berg ML, Denis de Senneville B, Hirschler L, Warnking JM, Barbier EL, Farrar CT, Greenberg SM, Bacskai BJ, van Veluw SJ. Loss of spontaneous vasomotion precedes impaired cerebrovascular reactivity and microbleeds in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591414. [PMID: 38746419 PMCID: PMC11092483 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebral small vessel disease in which amyloid-β accumulates in vessel walls. CAA is a leading cause of symptomatic lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and an important contributor to age-related cognitive decline. Recent work has suggested that vascular dysfunction may precede symptomatic stages of CAA, and that spontaneous slow oscillations in arteriolar diameter (termed vasomotion), important for amyloid-β clearance, may be impaired in CAA. Methods To systematically study the progression of vascular dysfunction in CAA, we used the APP23 mouse model of amyloidosis, which is known to develop spontaneous cerebral microbleeds mimicking human CAA. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy, we longitudinally imaged unanesthetized APP23 transgenic mice and wildtype littermates from 7 to 14 months of age, tracking amyloid-β accumulation and vasomotion in individual pial arterioles over time. MRI was used in separate groups of 12-, 18-, and 24-month-old APP23 transgenic mice and wildtype littermates to detect microbleeds and to assess cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. Results We observed a significant decline in vasomotion with age in APP23 mice, while vasomotion remained unchanged in wildtype mice with age. This decline corresponded in timing to initial vascular amyloid-β deposition (∼8-10 months of age), although was more strongly correlated with age than with vascular amyloid-β burden in individual arterioles. Declines in vasomotion preceded the development of MRI-visible microbleeds and the loss of smooth muscle actin in arterioles, both of which were observed in APP23 mice by 18 months of age. Additionally, evoked cerebrovascular reactivity was intact in APP23 mice at 12 months of age, but significantly lower in APP23 mice by 24 months of age. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a decline in spontaneous vasomotion is an early, potentially pre-symptomatic, manifestation of CAA and vascular dysfunction, and a possible future treatment target.
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Ruff CF, Juarez Anaya F, Dienel SJ, Rakymzhan A, Altamirano-Espinoza A, Couey JJ, Fukuda M, Watson AM, Su A, Fish KN, Rubio ME, Hooks BM, Ross SE, Vazquez AL. Long-range inhibitory neurons mediate cortical neurovascular coupling. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113970. [PMID: 38512868 PMCID: PMC11168451 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To meet the high energy demands of brain function, cerebral blood flow (CBF) parallels changes in neuronal activity by a mechanism known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). However, which neurons play a role in mediating NVC is not well understood. Here, we identify in mice and humans a specific population of cortical GABAergic neurons that co-express neuronal nitric oxide synthase and tachykinin receptor 1 (Tacr1). Through whole-tissue clearing, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons extend local and long-range projections across functionally connected cortical areas. We show that whisker stimulation elicited Tacr1 neuron activity in the barrel cortex through feedforward excitatory pathways. Additionally, through optogenetic experiments, we demonstrate that Tacr1 neurons are instrumental in mediating CBF through the relaxation of mural cells in a similar fashion to whisker stimulation. Finally, by electron microscopy, we observe that Tacr1 processes contact astrocytic endfeet. These findings suggest that Tacr1 neurons integrate cortical activity to mediate NVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine F Ruff
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Dienel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adiya Rakymzhan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan J Couey
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alan M Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aihua Su
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Fish
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Rubio
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan M Hooks
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah E Ross
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Alberto L Vazquez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Deng S, Hu Y, Chen S, Xue Y, Yao D, Sun Q, Nedergaard M, Wang W, Ding F. Chronic sleep fragmentation impairs brain interstitial clearance in young wildtype mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024:271678X241230188. [PMID: 38639025 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x241230188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that most chronic neurological diseases have a link with sleep disturbances, and that patients with chronically poor sleep undergo an accelerated cognitive decline. Indeed, a single-night of sleep deprivation may increase metabolic waste levels in cerebrospinal fluid. However, it remains unknown how chronic sleep disturbances in isolation from an underlying neurological disease may affect the glymphatic system. Clearance of brain interstitial waste by the glymphatic system occurs primarily during sleep, driven by multiple oscillators including arterial pulsatility, and vasomotion. Herein, we induced sleep fragmentation in young wildtype mice and assessed the effects on glymphatic activity and cognitive functions. Chronic sleep fragmentation reduced glymphatic function and impaired cognitive functions in healthy mice. A mechanistic analysis showed that the chronic sleep fragmentation suppressed slow vasomotion, without altering cardiac-driven pulsations. Taken together, results of this study document that chronic sleep fragmentation suppresses brain metabolite clearance and impairs cognition, even in the absence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyue Deng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yusi Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Yao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, United States
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fengfei Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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8
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Avilez-Avilez JJ, Medina-Flores MF, Gómez-Gonzalez B. Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:77-96. [PMID: 39029977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological process that preserves the integrity of the neuro-immune-endocrine network to maintain homeostasis. Sleep regulates the production and secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, both at the central nervous system (CNS) and at the periphery. Sleep promotes the removal of potentially toxic metabolites out of the brain through specialized systems such as the glymphatic system, as well as the expression of specific transporters in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier maintains CNS homeostasis by selectively transporting metabolic substrates and nutrients into the brain, by regulating the efflux of metabolic waste products, and maintaining bidirectional communication between the periphery and the CNS. All those processes are disrupted during sleep loss. Brain endothelial cells express the blood-brain barrier phenotype, which arises after cell-to-cell interactions with mural cells, like pericytes, and after the release of soluble factors by astroglial endfeet. Astroglia, pericytes and brain endothelial cells respond differently to sleep loss; evidence has shown that sleep loss induces a chronic low-grade inflammatory state at the CNS, which is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In animal models, blood-brain barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier permeability, decreased tight junction protein expression and pericyte detachment from the capillary wall. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction may promote defects in brain clearance of potentially neurotoxic metabolites and byproducts of neural physiology, which may eventually contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter aims to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which sleep loss modifies the function of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico; Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Medina-Flores
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico; Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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White BR, Adepoju TE, Fisher HB, Shinohara RT, Vandekar S. Spatial nonstationarity of image noise in widefield optical imaging and its effects on cluster-based inference for resting-state functional connectivity. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 404:110076. [PMID: 38331258 PMCID: PMC10940215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis with widefield optical imaging (WOI) is a potentially powerful tool to develop imaging biomarkers in mouse models of disease before translating them to human neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The delineation of such biomarkers depends on rigorous statistical analysis. However, statistical understanding of WOI data is limited. In particular, cluster-based analysis of neuroimaging data depends on assumptions of spatial stationarity (i.e., that the distribution of cluster sizes under the null is equal at all brain locations). Whether actual data deviate from this assumption has not previously been examined in WOI. NEW METHOD In this manuscript, we characterize the effects of spatial nonstationarity in WOI RSFC data and adapt a "two-pass" technique from fMRI to correct cluster sizes and mitigate spatial bias, both parametrically and nonparametrically. These methods are tested on multi-institutional data. RESULTS AND COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS We find that spatial nonstationarity has a substantial effect on inference in WOI RSFC data with false positives much more likely at some brain regions than others. This pattern of bias varies between imaging systems, contrasts, and mouse ages, all of which could affect experimental reproducibility if not accounted for. CONCLUSIONS Both parametric and nonparametric corrections for nonstationarity result in significant improvements in spatial bias. The proposed methods are simple to implement and will improve the robustness of inference in optical neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R White
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA.
| | - Temilola E Adepoju
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Hayden B Fisher
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analysis, Department of Radiology, USA; University of Pennsylvania, Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Endeavor, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, USA
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Beinlich FR, Asiminas A, Untiet V, Bojarowska Z, Plá V, Sigurdsson B, Timmel V, Gehrig L, Graber MH, Hirase H, Nedergaard M. Oxygen imaging of hypoxic pockets in the mouse cerebral cortex. Science 2024; 383:1471-1478. [PMID: 38547288 PMCID: PMC11251491 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Consciousness is lost within seconds upon cessation of cerebral blood flow. The brain cannot store oxygen, and interruption of oxidative phosphorylation is fatal within minutes. Yet only rudimentary knowledge exists regarding cortical partial oxygen tension (Po2) dynamics under physiological conditions. Here we introduce Green enhanced Nano-lantern (GeNL), a genetically encoded bioluminescent oxygen indicator for Po2 imaging. In awake behaving mice, we uncover the existence of spontaneous, spatially defined "hypoxic pockets" and demonstrate their linkage to the abrogation of local capillary flow. Exercise reduced the burden of hypoxic pockets by 52% compared with rest. The study provides insight into cortical oxygen dynamics in awake behaving animals and concurrently establishes a tool to delineate the importance of oxygen tension in physiological processes and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R.M. Beinlich
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonios Asiminas
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zuzanna Bojarowska
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Virginia Plá
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Timmel
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Gehrig
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Michael H. Graber
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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11
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Tao MX, Meng L, Xie WY, Li HX, Zhang JR, Yan JH, Cheng XY, Wang F, Mao CJ, Shen Y, Liu CF. Slow-wave sleep and REM sleep without atonia predict motor progression in Parkinson's disease. Sleep Med 2024; 115:155-161. [PMID: 38367357 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports the potential role of sleep in the motor progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia (RWA) are important sleep parameters. The association between SWS and RWA with PD motor progression and their predictive value have not yet been elucidated. METHODS We retro-prospectively analyzed clinical and polysomnographic data of 136 patients with PD. The motor symptoms were assessed using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) at baseline and follow-up to determine its progression. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the cross-sectional associations between slow-wave energy (SWE), RWA and clinical symptoms. Longitudinal analyses were performed using Cox regression and linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS Among 136 PD participants, cross-sectional partial correlation analysis showed SWE decreased with the prolongation of the disease course (P = 0.046), RWA density was positively correlated with Hoehn & Yahr (H-Y) stage (tonic RWA, P < 0.001; phasic RWA, P = 0.002). Cox regression analysis confirmed that low SWE (HR = 1.739, 95% CI = 1.038-2.914; P = 0.036; FDR-P = 0.036) and high tonic RWA (HR = 0.575, 95% CI = 0.343-0.963; P = 0.032; FDR-P = 0.036) were predictors of motor symptom progression. Furthermore, we found that lower SWE predicted faster rate of axial motor progression (P < 0.001; FDR-P < 0.001) while higher tonic RWA density was associated with faster rate of rigidity progression (P = 0.006; FDR-P = 0.024) using linear mixed-effects models. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SWS and RWA might represent markers of different motor subtypes progression in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xing Tao
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital Affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830063, Xinjiang, China; Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Wei-Ye Xie
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Han-Xing Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jia-Hui Yan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital Affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, 830063, Xinjiang, China; Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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12
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Green TRF, Carey SD, Mannino G, Craig JA, Rowe RK, Zielinski MR. Sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in rodent models of traumatic brain injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1361014. [PMID: 38426017 PMCID: PMC10903352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1361014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce dysregulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances include hypersomnia and hyposomnia, sleep fragmentation, difficulty falling asleep, and altered electroencephalograms. TBI results in inflammation and altered hemodynamics, such as changes in blood brain barrier permeability and cerebral blood flow. Both inflammation and altered hemodynamics, which are known sleep regulators, contribute to sleep impairments post-TBI. TBIs are heterogenous in cause and biomechanics, which leads to different molecular and symptomatic outcomes. Animal models of TBI have been developed to model the heterogeneity of TBIs observed in the clinic. This review discusses the intricate relationship between sleep, inflammation, and hemodynamics in pre-clinical rodent models of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha R. F. Green
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sean D. Carey
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Grant Mannino
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - John A. Craig
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
| | - Rachel K. Rowe
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States
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13
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Ungurean G, Rattenborg NC. A mammal and bird's-eye-view of the pupil during sleep and wakefulness. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:584-594. [PMID: 37038095 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Besides regulating the amount of light that reaches the retina, fluctuations in pupil size also occur in isoluminant conditions during accommodation, during movement and in relation to cognitive workload, attention and emotion. Recent studies in mammals and birds revealed that the pupils are also highly dynamic in the dark during sleep. However, despite exhibiting similar sleep states (rapid eye movement [REM] and non-REM [NREM] sleep), wake and sleep state-dependent changes in pupil size are opposite between mammals and birds, due in part to differences in the type (striated vs. smooth) and control of the iris muscles. Given the link between pupil dynamics and cognitive processes occurring during wakefulness, sleep-related changes in pupil size might indicate when related processes are occurring during sleep. Moreover, the divergent pupillary behaviour observed between mammals and birds raises the possibility that changes in pupil size in birds are a readout of processes not reflected in the mammalian pupil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ungurean
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
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14
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Wang ZJ, Lee HC, Chuang CH, Hsiao FC, Lee SH, Hsu AL, Wu CW. Traces of EEG-fMRI coupling reveals neurovascular dynamics on sleep inertia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1537. [PMID: 38233587 PMCID: PMC10794702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Upon emergence from sleep, individuals experience temporary hypo-vigilance and grogginess known as sleep inertia. During the transient period of vigilance recovery from prior nocturnal sleep, the neurovascular coupling (NVC) may not be static and constant as assumed by previous neuroimaging studies. Stemming from this viewpoint of sleep inertia, this study aims to probe the NVC changes as awakening time prolongs using simultaneous EEG-fMRI. The time-lagged coupling between EEG features of vigilance and BOLD-fMRI signals, in selected regions of interest, was calculated with one pre-sleep and three consecutive post-awakening resting-state measures. We found marginal changes in EEG theta/beta ratio and spectral slope across post-awakening sessions, demonstrating alterations of vigilance during sleep inertia. Time-varying EEG-fMRI coupling as awakening prolonged was evidenced by the changing time lags of the peak correlation between EEG alpha-vigilance and fMRI-thalamus, as well as EEG spectral slope and fMRI-anterior cingulate cortex. This study provides the first evidence of potential dynamicity of NVC occurred in sleep inertia and opens new avenues for non-invasive neuroimaging investigations into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying brain state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong John Wang
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chien Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Chuang
- Research Center for Education and Mind Sciences, College of Education, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chi Hsiao
- Department of Counseling, Clinical and Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Hua Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 259, Wenhua 1St Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, 5 Floor, 301, Yuantong Rd., Zhonghe Dist, New Taipei, 235040, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Miyakoshi LM, Stæger FF, Li Q, Pan C, Xie L, Kang H, Pavan C, Dang J, Sun Q, Ertürk A, Nedergaard M. The state of brain activity modulates cerebrospinal fluid transport. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 229:102512. [PMID: 37482196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies based on 2-photon imaging have shown that glymphatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport is regulated by the sleep-wake cycle. To examine this association, we used 3DISCO whole-body tissue clearing to map CSF tracer distribution in awake, sleeping and ketamine-xylazine anesthetized mice. The results of our analysis showed that CSF tracers entered the brain to a significantly larger extent in natural sleep or ketamine-xylazine anesthesia than in wakefulness. Furthermore, awake mice showed preferential transport of CSF tracers in the rostro-caudal direction towards the cervical and spinal cord lymphatic vessels, and hence to venous circulation and excretion by the kidneys. The study extends the current literature by showing that CSF dynamics on the whole-body scale is controlled by the state of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Miyakoshi
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Frederik F Stæger
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Qianliang Li
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Chenchen Pan
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lulu Xie
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Hongyi Kang
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Chiara Pavan
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Juliana Dang
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Qian Sun
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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16
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Aframian K, Yousef Yengej D, Nwaobi S, Raman S, Faas GC, Charles A. Effects of chronic caffeine on patterns of brain blood flow and behavior throughout the sleep-wake cycle in freely behaving mice. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad303. [PMID: 37780231 PMCID: PMC10538474 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine has significant effects on neurovascular activity and behavior throughout the sleep-wake cycle. We used a minimally invasive microchip/video system to continuously record effects of caffeine in the drinking water of freely behaving mice. Chronic caffeine shifted both rest and active phases by up to 2 h relative to the light-dark cycle in a dose-dependent fashion. There was a particular delay in the onset of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep as compared with non-REM sleep during the rest phase. Chronic caffeine increased wakefulness during the active phase and consolidated sleep during the rest phase; overall, there was no net change in the amount of time spent in the wake, sleep, or REM sleep states during caffeine administration. Despite these effects on wakefulness and sleep, chronic caffeine decreased mean cerebral blood volume (CBV) during the active phase and increased mean CBV during the rest phase. Chronic caffeine also increased heart rate variability in both the sleep and wake states. These results provide new insight into the effects of caffeine on the biology of the sleep-wake cycle. Increased blood flow during sleep caused by chronic caffeine may have implications for its potential neuroprotective effects through vascular mechanisms of brain waste clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiya Aframian
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri Yousef Yengej
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sinifunanya Nwaobi
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Shrayes Raman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido C Faas
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Charles
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Andersen M, Tsopanidou A, Radovanovic T, Compere VN, Hauglund N, Nedergaard M, Kjaerby C. Using Fiber Photometry in Mice to Estimate Fluorescent Biosensor Levels During Sleep. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4734. [PMID: 37575397 PMCID: PMC10415158 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is not homogenous but contains a highly diverse microstructural composition influenced by neuromodulators. Prior methods used to measure neuromodulator levels in vivo have been limited by low time resolution or technical difficulties in achieving recordings in a freely moving setting, which is essential for natural sleep. In this protocol, we demonstrate the combination of electroencephalographic (EEG)/electromyographic (EMG) recordings with fiber photometric measurements of fluorescent biosensors for neuromodulators in freely moving mice. This allows for real-time assessment of extracellular neuromodulator levels during distinct phases of sleep with a high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Andersen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anastasia Tsopanidou
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tessa Radovanovic
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Viviane Noelani Compere
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Hauglund
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Celia Kjaerby
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Noerre Alle 14, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Gheres KW, Ünsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:738. [PMID: 37460780 PMCID: PMC10352318 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drive vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Gheres
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Hayreddin S Ünsal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qingguang Zhang
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Molecular Cellular and Integrative Bioscience program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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19
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Ungurean G, Behroozi M, Böger L, Helluy X, Libourel PA, Güntürkün O, Rattenborg NC. Wide-spread brain activation and reduced CSF flow during avian REM sleep. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3259. [PMID: 37277328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38669-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sleep has been implicated in maintaining a healthy extracellular environment in the brain. During wakefulness, neuronal activity leads to the accumulation of toxic proteins, which the glymphatic system is thought to clear by flushing cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) through the brain. In mice, this process occurs during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. In humans, ventricular CSF flow has also been shown to increase during NREM sleep, as visualized using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The link between sleep and CSF flow has not been studied in birds before. Using fMRI of naturally sleeping pigeons, we show that REM sleep, a paradoxical state with wake-like brain activity, is accompanied by the activation of brain regions involved in processing visual information, including optic flow during flight. We further demonstrate that ventricular CSF flow increases during NREM sleep, relative to wakefulness, but drops sharply during REM sleep. Consequently, functions linked to brain activation during REM sleep might come at the expense of waste clearance during NREM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Ungurean
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany.
| | - Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Leonard Böger
- Max-Planck Research Group Neural Information Flow, Max Planck Institute for the Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, Bonn, Germany
- Max-Planck Research Group Genetics of Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for the Neurobiology of Behavior - caesar, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul-Antoine Libourel
- CRNL, SLEEP Team, UMR 5292 CNRS/U1028 INSERM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Niels C Rattenborg
- Avian Sleep Group, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen, Germany
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20
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Holstein-Rønsbo S, Gan Y, Giannetto MJ, Rasmussen MK, Sigurdsson B, Beinlich FRM, Rose L, Untiet V, Hablitz LM, Kelley DH, Nedergaard M. Glymphatic influx and clearance are accelerated by neurovascular coupling. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1042-1053. [PMID: 37264158 PMCID: PMC10500159 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Functional hyperemia, also known as neurovascular coupling, is a phenomenon that occurs when neural activity increases local cerebral blood flow. Because all biological activity produces metabolic waste, we here sought to investigate the relationship between functional hyperemia and waste clearance via the glymphatic system. The analysis showed that whisker stimulation increased both glymphatic influx and clearance in the mouse somatosensory cortex with a 1.6-fold increase in periarterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx velocity in the activated hemisphere. Particle tracking velocimetry revealed a direct coupling between arterial dilation/constriction and periarterial CSF flow velocity. Optogenetic manipulation of vascular smooth muscle cells enhanced glymphatic influx in the absence of neural activation. We propose that impedance pumping allows arterial pulsatility to drive CSF in the same direction as blood flow, and we present a simulation that supports this idea. Thus, functional hyperemia boosts not only the supply of metabolites but also the removal of metabolic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiming Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Giannetto
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Laura Rose
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lauren M Hablitz
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas H Kelley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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21
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Han F, Liu X, Yang Y, Liu X. Sex-specific age-related changes in glymphatic function assessed by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.02.535258. [PMID: 37034667 PMCID: PMC10081329 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.02.535258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
The glymphatic system that clears out brain wastes, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow may play an important role in aging and dementias. However, a lack of non-invasive tools to assess the glymphatic function in humans hindered the understanding of the glymphatic changes in healthy aging. The global infra-slow (<0.1 Hz) brain activity measured by the global mean resting-state fMRI signal (gBOLD) was recently found to be coupled by large CSF movements. This coupling has been used to measure the glymphatic process and found to correlate with various pathologies of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including Aβ pathology. Using resting-state fMRI data from a large group of 719 healthy aging participants, we examined the sex-specific changes of the gBOLD-CSF coupling, as a measure of glymphatic function, over a wide age range between 36-100 years old. We found that this coupling index remains stable before around age 55 and then starts to decline afterward, particularly in females. Menopause may contribute to the accelerated decline in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Xufu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
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22
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Yu Y, Qiu Y, Li G, Zhang K, Bo B, Pei M, Ye J, Thompson GJ, Cang J, Fang F, Feng Y, Duan X, Tong C, Liang Z. Sleep fMRI with simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4 T in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1651. [PMID: 36964161 PMCID: PMC10039056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is ubiquitous and essential, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Studies in animals and humans have provided insights of sleep at vastly different spatiotemporal scales. However, challenges remain to integrate local and global information of sleep. Therefore, we developed sleep fMRI based on simultaneous electrophysiology at 9.4 T in male mice. Optimized un-anesthetized mouse fMRI setup allowed manifestation of NREM and REM sleep, and a large sleep fMRI dataset was collected and openly accessible. State dependent global patterns were revealed, and state transitions were found to be global, asymmetrical and sequential, which can be predicted up to 17.8 s using LSTM models. Importantly, sleep fMRI with hippocampal recording revealed potentiated sharp-wave ripple triggered global patterns during NREM than awake state, potentially attributable to co-occurrence of spindle events. To conclude, we established mouse sleep fMRI with simultaneous electrophysiology, and demonstrated its capability by revealing global dynamics of state transitions and neural events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwei Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Binshi Bo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchao Pei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jing Cang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Central Hospital of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiu Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuanjun Tong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhifeng Liang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Zhang Q, Cramer SR, Turner KL, Neuberger T, Drew PJ, Zhang N. High-frequency neuronal signal better explains multi-phase BOLD response. Neuroimage 2023; 268:119887. [PMID: 36681134 PMCID: PMC9962576 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual stimulation-evoked blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) responses can exhibit more complex temporal dynamics than a simple monophasic response. For instance, BOLD responses sometimes include a phase of positive response followed by a phase of post-stimulus undershoot. Whether the BOLD response during these phases reflects the underlying neuronal signal fluctuations or is contributed by non-neuronal physiological factors remains elusive. When presenting blocks of sustained (i.e. DC) light ON-OFF stimulations to unanesthetized rats, we observed that the response following a decrease in illumination (i.e. OFF stimulation-evoked BOLD response) in the visual cortices displayed reproducible multiple phases, including an initial positive BOLD response, followed by an undershoot and then an overshoot before the next ON trial. This multi-phase BOLD response did not result from the entrainment of the periodic stimulation structure. When we measured the neural correlates of these responses, we found that the high-frequency band from the LFP power (300 - 3000 Hz, multi-unit activity (MUA)), but not the power in the gamma band (30 - 100 Hz) exhibited the same multiphasic dynamics as the BOLD signal. This study suggests that the post-stimulus phases of the BOLD response can be better explained by the high-frequency neuronal signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Samuel R Cramer
- The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Thomas Neuberger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neurosurgery, and Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; Center for Neurotechnology in Mental Health Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA; Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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24
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Krishnan B, Tousseyn S, Wang ZI, Murakami H, Wu G, Burgess R, Iasemidis L, Najm I, Alexopoulos AV. Novel noninvasive identification of patient-specific epileptic networks in focal epilepsies: Linking single-photon emission computed tomography perfusion during seizures with resting-state magnetoencephalography dynamics. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1695-1710. [PMID: 36480260 PMCID: PMC9921232 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) during seizures and magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the interictal state are noninvasive modalities employed in the localization of the epileptogenic zone in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy (DRFE). The present study aims to investigate whether there exists a preferentially high MEG functional connectivity (FC) among those regions of the brain that exhibit hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion during seizures. We studied MEG and SPECT data in 30 consecutive DRFE patients who had resective epilepsy surgery. We parcellated each ictal perfusion map into 200 regions of interest (ROIs) and generated ROI time series using source modeling of MEG data. FC between ROIs was quantified using coherence and phase-locking value. We defined a generalized linear model to relate the connectivity of each ROI, ictal perfusion z score, and distance between ROIs. We compared the coefficients relating perfusion z score to FC of each ROI and estimated the connectivity within and between resected and unresected ROIs. We found that perfusion z scores were strongly correlated with the FC of hyper-, and separately, hypoperfused ROIs across patients. High interictal connectivity was observed between hyperperfused brain regions inside and outside the resected area. High connectivity was also observed between regions of ictal hypoperfusion. Importantly, the ictally hypoperfused regions had a low interictal connectivity to regions that became hyperperfused during seizures. We conclude that brain regions exhibiting hyperperfusion during seizures highlight a preferentially connected interictal network, whereas regions of ictal hypoperfusion highlight a separate, discrete and interconnected, interictal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu Krishnan
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Simon Tousseyn
- Academic Center for EpileptologyKempenhaeghe and Maastricht UMC+HeezeThe Netherlands
| | - Zhong Irene Wang
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Hiroatsu Murakami
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Guiyun Wu
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Richard Burgess
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Leonidas Iasemidis
- Department of Translational NeuroscienceBarrow Neurological InstituteScottsdaleArizonaUSA
- Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstituteScottsdaleArizonaUSA
| | - Imad Najm
- Neurological InstituteEpilepsy Center, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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25
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Sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics in male mice and the predicted effects on perivascular cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport. Nat Commun 2023; 14:953. [PMID: 36806170 PMCID: PMC9941497 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular spaces are important highways for fluid and solute transport in the brain enabling efficient waste clearance during sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms augmenting perivascular flow in sleep are unknown. Using two-photon imaging of naturally sleeping male mice we demonstrate sleep cycle-dependent vascular dynamics of pial arteries and penetrating arterioles: slow, large-amplitude oscillations in NREM sleep, a vasodilation in REM sleep, and a vasoconstriction upon awakening at the end of a sleep cycle and microarousals in NREM and intermediate sleep. These vascular dynamics are mirrored by changes in the size of the perivascular spaces of the penetrating arterioles: slow fluctuations in NREM sleep, reduction in REM sleep and an enlargement upon awakening after REM sleep and during microarousals in NREM and intermediate sleep. By biomechanical modeling we demonstrate that these sleep cycle-dependent perivascular dynamics likely enhance fluid flow and solute transport in perivascular spaces to levels comparable to cardiac pulsation-driven oscillations.
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26
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Gheres KW, Ãœnsal HS, Han X, Zhang Q, Turner KL, Zhang N, Drew PJ. Arousal state transitions occlude sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling in neonatal mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.18.529057. [PMID: 36824895 PMCID: PMC9949139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.529057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In the adult sensory cortex, increases in neural activity elicited by sensory stimulation usually drives vasodilation mediated by neurovascular coupling. However, whether neurovascular coupling is the same in neonatal animals as adults is controversial, as both canonical and inverted responses have been observed. We investigated the nature of neurovascular coupling in unanesthetized neonatal mice using optical imaging, electrophysiology, and BOLD fMRI. We find in neonatal (postnatal day 15, P15) mice, sensory stimulation induces a small increase in blood volume/BOLD signal, often followed by a large decrease in blood volume. An examination of arousal state of the mice revealed that neonatal mice were asleep a substantial fraction of the time, and that stimulation caused the animal to awaken. As cortical blood volume is much higher during REM and NREM sleep than the awake state, awakening occludes any sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling. When neonatal mice are stimulated during an awake period, they showed relatively normal (but slowed) neurovascular coupling, showing that that the typically observed constriction is due to arousal state changes. These result show that sleep-related vascular changes dominate over any sensory-evoked changes, and hemodynamic measures need to be considered in the context of arousal state changes. Significance Statement In the adult brain, increases in neural activity are often followed by vasodilation, allowing activity to be monitored using optical or magnetic resonance imaging. However, in neonates, sensory stimulation can drive vasoconstriction, whose origin was not understood. We used optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to investigate hemodynamics in neonatal mice. We found that sensory-induced vasoconstriction occurred when the mice were asleep, as sleep is associated with dilation of the vasculature of the brain relative to the awake state. The stimulus awakens the mice, causing a constriction due to the arousal state change. Our study shows the importance of monitoring arousal state, particularly when investigating subjects that may sleep, and the dominance arousal effects on brain hemodynamics.
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27
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Turner KL, Gheres KW, Drew PJ. Relating Pupil Diameter and Blinking to Cortical Activity and Hemodynamics across Arousal States. J Neurosci 2023; 43:949-964. [PMID: 36517240 PMCID: PMC9908322 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1244-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arousal state affects neural activity and vascular dynamics in the cortex, with sleep associated with large changes in the local field potential and increases in cortical blood flow. We investigated the relationship between pupil diameter and blink rate with neural activity and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex in male and female unanesthetized, head-fixed mice. We monitored these variables while the mice were awake, during periods of rapid eye movement (REM), and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Pupil diameter was smaller during sleep than in the awake state. Changes in pupil diameter were coherent with both gamma-band power and blood volume in the somatosensory cortex, but the strength and sign of this relationship varied with arousal state. We observed a strong negative correlation between pupil diameter and both gamma-band power and blood volume during periods of awake rest and NREM sleep, although the correlations between pupil diameter and these signals became positive during periods of alertness, active whisking, and REM. Blinking was associated with increases in arousal and decreases in blood volume when the mouse was asleep. Bilateral coherence in gamma-band power and in blood volume dropped following awake blinking, indicating a reset of neural and vascular activity. Using only eye metrics (pupil diameter and eye motion), we could determine the arousal state of the mouse ('Awake,' 'NREM,' 'REM') with >90% accuracy with a 5 s resolution. There is a strong relationship between pupil diameter and hemodynamics signals in mice, reflecting the pronounced effects of arousal on cerebrovascular dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Determining arousal state is a critical component of any neuroscience experiment. Pupil diameter and blinking are influenced by arousal state, as are hemodynamics signals in the cortex. We investigated the relationship between cortical hemodynamics and pupil diameter and found that pupil diameter was strongly related to the blood volume in the cortex. Mice were more likely to be awake after blinking than before, and blinking resets neural activity. Pupil diameter and eye motion can be used as a reliable, noninvasive indicator of arousal state. As mice transition from wake to sleep and back again over a timescale of seconds, monitoring pupil diameter and eye motion permits the noninvasive detection of sleep events during behavioral or resting-state experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics
- Biology and Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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28
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Matei M, Bergel A, Pezet S, Tanter M. Global dissociation of the posterior amygdala from the rest of the brain during REM sleep. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1306. [PMID: 36443640 PMCID: PMC9705305 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) or paradoxical sleep is associated with intense neuronal activity, fluctuations in autonomic control, body paralysis and brain-wide hyperemia. The mechanisms and functions of these energy-demanding patterns remain elusive and a global picture of brain activation during REMS is currently missing. In the present work, we performed functional ultrasound imaging on rats over multiple coronal and sagittal brain sections during hundreds of spontaneous REMS episodes to provide the spatiotemporal dynamics of vascular activity in 259 brain regions spanning more than 2/3 of the total brain volume. We first demonstrate a dissociation between basal/midbrain and cortical structures, the first ones sustaining tonic activation during REMS while the others are activated in phasic bouts. Second, we isolated the vascular compartment in our recordings and identified arteries in the anterior part of the brain as strongly involved in the blood supply during REMS episodes. Finally, we report a peculiar activation pattern in the posterior amygdala, which is strikingly disconnected from the rest of the brain during most REMS episodes. This last finding suggests that the amygdala undergoes specific processing during REMS and may be linked to the regulation of emotions and the creation of dream content during this very state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matei
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bergel
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tanter
- grid.15736.360000 0001 1882 0021Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, CNRS UMR 8063, Paris Sciences et Lettres research University, Paris, France
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29
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Ge GR, Song W, Nedergaard M, Rolland JP, Parker KJ. Theory of sleep/wake cycles affecting brain elastography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:10.1088/1361-6560/ac9e40. [PMID: 36317278 PMCID: PMC9999375 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac9e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As elastography of the brain finds increasing clinical applications, fundamental questions remain about baseline viscoelastic properties of the brainin vivo. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of how and why elastographic measures can change over time are still not well understood. To study these issues, reverberant shear wave elastography using an optical coherence tomography scanner is implemented on a mouse model, both under awake conditions and in a sleep state where there are known changes in the glymphatic fluid flow system in the brain. We find that shear wave speed, a measure of stiffness, changes by approximately 12% between the two states, sleep versus awake, in the entire cortical brain imaging volume. Our microchannel flow model of biphasic (fluid plus solid) tissue provides a plausible rheological model based on the fractal branching vascular and perivascular system, plus a second parallel system representing the finer scale glymphatic fluid microchannels. By adjusting the glymphatic system fluid volume proportional to the known sleep/wake changes, we are able to approximately predict the measured shear wave speeds and their change with the state of the glymphatic system. The advantages of this model are that its main parameters are derived from anatomical measures and are linked to other major derivations of branching fluid structures including Murray's Law. The implications for clinical studies are that elastography of the brain is strongly influenced by the regulation or dysregulation of the vascular, perivascular, and glymphatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Ge
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Box 270186, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Wei Song
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Jannick P Rolland
- Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, 480 Intercampus Drive, Box 270186, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Parker
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, 724 Computer Studies Building, Box 270231, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America
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30
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Zhao L, Tannenbaum A, Bakker ENTP, Benveniste H. Physiology of Glymphatic Solute Transport and Waste Clearance from the Brain. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35881783 PMCID: PMC9550574 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the physiology of glymphatic solute transport and waste clearance, using evidence from experimental animal models as well as from human studies. Specific topics addressed include the biophysical characteristics of fluid and solute transport in the central nervous system, glymphatic-lymphatic coupling, as well as the role of cerebrospinal fluid movement for brain waste clearance. We also discuss the current understanding of mechanisms underlying increased waste clearance during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allen Tannenbaum
- Departments of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Erik N T P Bakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Benveniste
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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31
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Drew PJ. Neurovascular coupling: motive unknown. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:809-819. [PMID: 35995628 PMCID: PMC9768528 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the brain, increases in neural activity drive changes in local blood flow via neurovascular coupling. The common explanation for increased blood flow (known as functional hyperemia) is that it supplies the metabolic needs of active neurons. However, there is a large body of evidence that is inconsistent with this idea. Baseline blood flow is adequate to supply oxygen needs even with elevated neural activity. Neurovascular coupling is irregular, absent, or inverted in many brain regions, behavioral states, and conditions. Increases in respiration can increase brain oxygenation without flow changes. Simulations show that given the architecture of the brain vasculature, areas of low blood flow are inescapable and cannot be removed by functional hyperemia. As discussed in this article, potential alternative functions of neurovascular coupling include supplying oxygen for neuromodulator synthesis, brain temperature regulation, signaling to neurons, stabilizing and optimizing the cerebral vascular structure, accommodating the non-Newtonian nature of blood, and driving the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Drew
- Center for Neural Engineering, Departments of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Neurosurgery, Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, W-317 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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32
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Mirg S, Turner KL, Chen H, Drew PJ, Kothapalli SR. Photoacoustic imaging for microcirculation. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12776. [PMID: 35793421 PMCID: PMC9870710 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation facilitates the blood-tissue exchange of nutrients and regulates blood perfusion. It is, therefore, essential in maintaining tissue health. Aberrations in microcirculation are potentially indicative of underlying cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Thus, quantitative information about it is of great clinical relevance. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a capable technique that relies on the generation of imaging contrast via the absorption of light and can image at micron-scale resolution. PAI is especially desirable to map microvasculature as hemoglobin strongly absorbs light and can generate a photoacoustic signal. This paper reviews the current state of the art for imaging microvascular networks using photoacoustic imaging. We further describe how quantitative information about blood dynamics such as the total hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and blood flow rate is obtained using PAI. We also discuss its importance in understanding key pathophysiological processes in neurovascular, cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and cancer research fields. We then discuss the current challenges and limitations of PAI and the approaches that can help overcome these limitations. Finally, we provide the reader with an overview of future trends in the field of PAI for imaging microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Mirg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kevin L. Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Haoyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA,Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA,Corresponding author: Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli, 325 CBE Building, State College, PA, 16802, USA,
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33
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Abstract
We review theoretical and numerical models of the glymphatic system, which circulates cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid around the brain, facilitating solute transport. Models enable hypothesis development and predictions of transport, with clinical applications including drug delivery, stroke, cardiac arrest, and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. We sort existing models into broad categories by anatomical function: Perivascular flow, transport in brain parenchyma, interfaces to perivascular spaces, efflux routes, and links to neuronal activity. Needs and opportunities for future work are highlighted wherever possible; new models, expanded models, and novel experiments to inform models could all have tremendous value for advancing the field.
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34
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Li G, Cao Y, Tang X, Huang J, Cai L, Zhou L. The meningeal lymphatic vessels and the glymphatic system: Potential therapeutic targets in neurological disorders. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1364-1382. [PMID: 35484910 PMCID: PMC9274866 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221098145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) and glymphatic pathways has challenged the long-lasting dogma that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks a lymphatic system and therefore does not interact with peripheral immunity. This discovery has reshaped our understanding of mechanisms underlying CNS drainage. Under normal conditions, a close connection between mLVs and the glymphatic system enables metabolic waste removal, immune cell trafficking, and CNS immune surveillance. Dysfunction of the glymphatic-mLV system can lead to toxic protein accumulation in the brain, and it contributes to the development of a series of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The identification of precise cerebral transport routes is based mainly on indirect, invasive imaging of animals, and the results cannot always be applied to humans. Here we review the functions of the glymphatic-mLV system and evidence for its involvement in some CNS diseases. We focus on emerging noninvasive imaging techniques to evaluate the human glymphatic-mLV system and their potential for preclinical diagnosis and prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Potential strategies that target the glymphatic-mLV system in order to treat and prevent neurological disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjun Cai
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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35
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Chen H, Agrawal S, Osman M, Minotto J, Mirg S, Liu J, Dangi A, Tran Q, Jackson T, Kothapalli SR. A Transparent Ultrasound Array for Real-Time Optical, Ultrasound, and Photoacoustic Imaging. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9871098. [PMID: 37850172 PMCID: PMC10521654 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9871098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and Impact Statement. Simultaneous imaging of ultrasound and optical contrasts can help map structural, functional, and molecular biomarkers inside living subjects with high spatial resolution. There is a need to develop a platform to facilitate this multimodal imaging capability to improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Introduction. Currently, combining ultrasound, photoacoustic, and optical imaging modalities is challenging because conventional ultrasound transducer arrays are optically opaque. As a result, complex geometries are used to coalign both optical and ultrasound waves in the same field of view. Methods. One elegant solution is to make the ultrasound transducer transparent to light. Here, we demonstrate a novel transparent ultrasound transducer (TUT) linear array fabricated using a transparent lithium niobate piezoelectric material for real-time multimodal imaging. Results. The TUT-array consists of 64 elements and centered at ~6 MHz frequency. We demonstrate a quad-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, photoacoustic, and fluorescence imaging in real-time using the TUT-array directly coupled to the tissue mimicking phantoms. Conclusion. The TUT-array successfully showed a multimodal imaging capability and has potential applications in diagnosing cancer, neurological, and vascular diseases, including image-guided endoscopy and wearable imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Josiah Minotto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shubham Mirg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ajay Dangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Quyen Tran
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas Jackson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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36
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Nunez-Elizalde AO, Krumin M, Reddy CB, Montaldo G, Urban A, Harris KD, Carandini M. Neural correlates of blood flow measured by ultrasound. Neuron 2022; 110:1631-1640.e4. [PMID: 35278361 PMCID: PMC9235295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is an appealing method for measuring blood flow and thus infer brain activity, but it relies on the physiology of neurovascular coupling and requires extensive signal processing. To establish to what degree fUSI trial-by-trial signals reflect neural activity, we performed simultaneous fUSI and neural recordings with Neuropixels probes in awake mice. fUSI signals strongly correlated with the slow (<0.3 Hz) fluctuations in the local firing rate and were closely predicted by the smoothed firing rate of local neurons, particularly putative inhibitory neurons. The optimal smoothing filter had a width of ∼3 s, matched the hemodynamic response function of awake mice, was invariant across mice and stimulus conditions, and was similar in the cortex and hippocampus. fUSI signals also matched neural firing spatially: firing rates were as highly correlated across hemispheres as fUSI signals. Thus, blood flow measured by ultrasound bears a simple and accurate relationship to neuronal firing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Krumin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6AE, UK
| | - Charu Bai Reddy
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6AE, UK
| | - Gabriel Montaldo
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; imec, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alan Urban
- Neuro-Electronics Research Flanders, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 3000 Leuven, Belgium; imec, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kenneth D Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1E 6AE, UK
| | - Matteo Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London WC1E 6AE, UK.
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37
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Kedarasetti RT, Drew PJ, Costanzo F. Arterial vasodilation drives convective fluid flow in the brain: a poroelastic model. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:34. [PMID: 35570287 PMCID: PMC9107702 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The movement of fluid into, through, and out of the brain plays an important role in clearing metabolic waste. However, there is controversy regarding the mechanisms driving fluid movement in the fluid-filled paravascular spaces (PVS), and whether the movement of metabolic waste in the brain extracellular space (ECS) is primarily driven by diffusion or convection. The dilation of penetrating arterioles in the brain in response to increases in neural activity (neurovascular coupling) is an attractive candidate for driving fluid circulation, as it drives deformation of the brain tissue and of the PVS around arteries, resulting in fluid movement. We simulated the effects of vasodilation on fluid movement into and out of the brain ECS using a novel poroelastic model of brain tissue. We found that arteriolar dilations could drive convective flow through the ECS radially outward from the arteriole, and that this flow is sensitive to the dynamics of the dilation. Simulations of sleep-like conditions, with larger vasodilations and increased extracellular volume in the brain showed enhanced movement of fluid from the PVS into the ECS. Our simulations suggest that both sensory-evoked and sleep-related arteriolar dilations can drive convective flow of cerebrospinal fluid not just in the PVS, but also into the ECS through the PVS around arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Teja Kedarasetti
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
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38
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Si X, Guo T, Wang Z, Fang Y, Gu L, Cao L, Yang W, Gao T, Song Z, Tian J, Yin X, Guan X, Zhou C, Wu J, Bai X, Liu X, Zhao G, Zhang M, Pu J, Zhang B. Neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in possible REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:54. [PMID: 35487930 PMCID: PMC9055043 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathy is postulated to be central to both idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Growing evidence suggests an association between the diminished clearance of α-synuclein and glymphatic system dysfunction. However, evidence accumulating primarily based on clinical data to support glymphatic system dysfunction in patients with iRBD and PD is currently insufficient. This study aimed to use diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) to evaluate glymphatic system activity and its relationship to clinical scores of disease severity in patients with possible iRBD (piRBDs) and those with PD. Further, we validated the correlation between the ALPS index and the prognosis of PD longitudinally. Overall, 168 patients with PD, 119 piRBDs, and 129 healthy controls were enroled. Among them, 50 patients with PD had been longitudinally reexamined. Patients with PD exhibited a lower ALPS index than those with piRBDs (P = 0.036), and both patient groups showed a lower ALPS index than healthy controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001). The ALPS index and elevated disease severity were negatively correlated in the piRBD and PD subgroups. Moreover, the ALPS index was correlated with cognitive decline in patients with PD in the longitudinal analyses. In conclusion, DTI-ALPS provided neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in piRBDs and patients with PD; however, the potential of assessing the pathological progress of α-synucleinopathies as an indicator is worth verifying. Further development of imaging methods for glymphatic system function is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luyan Gu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanxiao Cao
- Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Song
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinzhen Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Bai
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Neurology, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, N1 Avenue, 322000, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiali Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310009, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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39
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Abstract
The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while homeostatic functions predominate during sleep. The blood-brain barrier establishes a stable environment that is optimal for neuronal function, yet the barrier imposes a physiological problem; transcapillary filtration that forms extracellular fluid in other organs is reduced to a minimum in brain. Consequently, the brain depends on a special fluid [the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] that is flushed into brain along the unique perivascular spaces created by astrocytic vascular endfeet. We describe this pathway, coined the term glymphatic system, based on its dependency on astrocytic vascular endfeet and their adluminal expression of aquaporin-4 water channels facing toward CSF-filled perivascular spaces. Glymphatic clearance of potentially harmful metabolic or protein waste products, such as amyloid-β, is primarily active during sleep, when its physiological drivers, the cardiac cycle, respiration, and slow vasomotion, together efficiently propel CSF inflow along periarterial spaces. The brain's extracellular space contains an abundance of proteoglycans and hyaluronan, which provide a low-resistance hydraulic conduit that rapidly can expand and shrink during the sleep-wake cycle. We describe this unique fluid system of the brain, which meets the brain's requisites to maintain homeostasis similar to peripheral organs, considering the blood-brain-barrier and the paths for formation and egress of the CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaag Rasmussen
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Humberto Mestre
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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40
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Zhang Q, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Hossain MS, Drew PJ. Behavioral and physiological monitoring for awake neurovascular coupling experiments: a how-to guide. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:021905. [PMID: 35639834 PMCID: PMC8802326 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.021905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional brain imaging in awake animal models is a popular and powerful technique that allows the investigation of neurovascular coupling (NVC) under physiological conditions. However, ubiquitous facial and body motions (fidgeting) are prime drivers of spontaneous fluctuations in neural and hemodynamic signals. During periods without movement, animals can rapidly transition into sleep, and the hemodynamic signals tied to arousal state changes can be several times larger than sensory-evoked responses. Given the outsized influence of facial and body motions and arousal signals in neural and hemodynamic signals, it is imperative to detect and monitor these events in experiments with un-anesthetized animals. Aim: To cover the importance of monitoring behavioral state in imaging experiments using un-anesthetized rodents, and describe how to incorporate detailed behavioral and physiological measurements in imaging experiments. Approach: We review the effects of movements and sleep-related signals (heart rate, respiration rate, electromyography, intracranial pressure, whisking, and other body movements) on brain hemodynamics and electrophysiological signals, with a focus on head-fixed experimental setup. We summarize the measurement methods currently used in animal models for detection of those behaviors and arousal changes. We then provide a guide on how to incorporate this measurements with functional brain imaging and electrophysiology measurements. Results: We provide a how-to guide on monitoring and interpreting a variety of physiological signals and their applications to NVC experiments in awake behaving mice. Conclusion: This guide facilitates the application of neuroimaging in awake animal models and provides neuroscientists with a standard approach for monitoring behavior and other associated physiological parameters in head-fixed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguang Zhang
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin L. Turner
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kyle W. Gheres
- The Pennsylvania State University, Graduate Program in Molecular Cellular and Integrative Biosciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Patrick J. Drew
- The Pennsylvania State University, Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Neurosurgery, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
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41
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Zielinski MR, Gibbons AJ. Neuroinflammation, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:853096. [PMID: 35392608 PMCID: PMC8981587 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.853096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa. Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and pathogens. Pathologies that alter inflammatory molecules, such as traumatic brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke often are associated with disturbed sleep and electroencephalogram power spectra. Moreover, sleep disorders, such as insomnia and sleep disordered breathing, are associated with increased dysregulation of inflammatory processes. Inflammatory molecules in both the central nervous system and periphery can alter sleep. Inflammation can also modulate cerebral vascular hemodynamics which is associated with alterations in electroencephalogram power spectra. However, further research is needed to determine the interactions of sleep regulatory inflammatory molecules and circadian clocks. The purpose of this review is to: 1) describe the role of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein-3 inflammasomes in sleep regulation, 2) to discuss the relationship between the vagus nerve in translating inflammatory signals between the periphery and central nervous system to alter sleep, and 3) to present information about the relationship between cerebral vascular hemodynamics and the electroencephalogram during sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Zielinski
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States,Harvard Medical School, West Roxbury, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Mark R. Zielinski,
| | - Allison J. Gibbons
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, MA, United States
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42
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Mirg S, Chen H, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Liu J, Gluckman BJ, Drew PJ, Kothapalli SR. Awake mouse brain photoacoustic and optical imaging through a transparent ultrasound cranial window. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1121-1124. [PMID: 35230306 DOI: 10.1364/ol.450648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) can map the cerebral vasculature at capillary-level resolution. However, the OR-PAM setup's bulky imaging head makes awake mouse brain imaging challenging and inhibits its integration with other optical neuroimaging modalities. Moreover, the glass cranial windows used for optical microscopy are unsuitable for OR-PAM due to the acoustic impedance mismatch between the glass plate and the tissue. To overcome these challenges, we propose a lithium niobate based transparent ultrasound transducer (TUT) as a cranial window on a thinned mouse skull. The TUT cranial window simplifies the imaging head considerably due to its dual functionality as an optical window and ultrasound transducer. The window remains stable for six weeks, with no noticeable inflammation and minimal bone regrowth. The TUT window's potential is demonstrated by imaging the awake mouse cerebral vasculature using OR-PAM, intrinsic optical signal imaging, and two-photon microscopy. The TUT cranial window can potentially also be used for ultrasound stimulation and simultaneous multimodal imaging of the awake mouse brain.
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43
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Zhang Q, Cramer SR, Ma Z, Turner KL, Gheres KW, Liu Y, Drew PJ, Zhang N. Brain-wide ongoing activity is responsible for significant cross-trial BOLD variability. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:5311-5329. [PMID: 35179203 PMCID: PMC9712744 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A notorious issue of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is its large cross-trial variability. To quantitatively characterize this variability, the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal can be modeled as a linear summation of a stimulation-relevant and an ongoing (i.e. stimulation-irrelevant) component. However, systematic investigation on the spatiotemporal features of the ongoing BOLD component and how these features affect the BOLD response is still lacking. Here we measured fMRI responses to light onsets and light offsets in awake rats. The neuronal response was simultaneously recorded with calcium-based fiber photometry. We established that between-region BOLD signals were highly correlated brain-wide at zero time lag, including regions that did not respond to visual stimulation, suggesting that the ongoing activity co-fluctuates across the brain. Removing this ongoing activity reduced cross-trial variability of the BOLD response by ~30% and increased its coherence with the Ca2+ signal. Additionally, the negative ongoing BOLD activity sometimes dominated over the stimulation-driven response and contributed to the post-stimulation BOLD undershoot. These results suggest that brain-wide ongoing activity is responsible for significant cross-trial BOLD variability, and this component can be reliably quantified and removed to improve the reliability of fMRI response. Importantly, this method can be generalized to virtually all fMRI experiments without changing stimulation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Samuel R Cramer
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Zilu Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Kevin L Turner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Kyle W Gheres
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Yikang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,The Neuroscience Graduate Program, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Biosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States,Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Corresponding author: Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering, Lloyd & Dorothy Foehr Huck Chair in Brain Imaging, The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, W-341 Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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44
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Morawska MM, Moreira CG, Ginde VR, Valko PO, Weiss T, Büchele F, Imbach LL, Masneuf S, Kollarik S, Prymaczok N, Gerez JA, Riek R, Baumann CR, Noain D. Slow-wave sleep affects synucleinopathy and regulates proteostatic processes in mouse models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe7099. [PMID: 34878820 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Morawska
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Carlos G Moreira
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Varun R Ginde
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Philipp O Valko
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Büchele
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Lukas L Imbach
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Masneuf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Sedef Kollarik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Prymaczok
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Juan A Gerez
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Baumann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.,Center of Competence Sleep and Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Noain
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.,University of Zurich (UZH), Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.,Center of Competence Sleep and Health Zurich, University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
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45
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Abstract
The spontaneous dynamics of the brain modulate its function from moment to moment, shaping neural computation and cognition. Functional MRI (fMRI), while classically used as a tool for spatial localization, is increasingly being used to identify the temporal dynamics of brain activity. fMRI analyses focused on the temporal domain have revealed important new information about the dynamics underlying states such as arousal, attention, and sleep. Dense temporal sampling – either by using fast fMRI acquisition, or multiple repeated scan sessions within individuals – can further enrich the information present in these studies. This review focuses on recent developments in using fMRI to identify dynamics across brain states, particularly vigilance and sleep states, and the potential for highly temporally sampled fMRI to answer these questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinong Yang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA, United States
| | - Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston MA, United States.,Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston MA, United States
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46
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Abstract
Sleep is essential for brain function in a surprisingly diverse set of ways. In the short term, lack of sleep leads to impaired memory and attention; in the longer term, it produces neurological dysfunction or even death. I discuss recent advances in understanding how sleep maintains the physiological health of the brain through interconnected systems of neuronal activity and fluid flow. The neural dynamics that appear during sleep are intrinsically coupled to its consequences for blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid dynamics, and waste clearance. Recognizing these linked causes and consequences of sleep has shed new light on why sleep is important for such disparate aspects of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA, and Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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47
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Chen C, She Z, Tang P, Qin Z, He J, Qu JY. Study of neurovascular coupling by using mesoscopic and microscopic imaging. iScience 2021; 24:103176. [PMID: 34693226 PMCID: PMC8511898 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activation is often accompanied by the regulation of cerebral hemodynamics via a process known as neurovascular coupling (NVC) which is essential for proper brain function and has been observed to be disrupted in a variety of neuropathologies. A comprehensive understanding of NVC requires imaging capabilities with high spatiotemporal resolution and a field-of-view that spans different orders of magnitude. Here, we present an approach for concurrent multi-contrast mesoscopic and two-photon microscopic imaging of neurovascular dynamics in the cortices of live mice. We investigated the spatiotemporal correlation between sensory-evoked neuronal and vascular responses in the auditory cortices of living mice using four imaging modalities. Our findings unravel drastic differences in the NVC at the regional and microvascular levels and the distinctive effects of different brain states on NVC. We further investigated the brain-state-dependent changes of NVC in large cortical networks and revealed that anesthesia and sedation caused spatiotemporal disruption of NVC. Concurrent mesoscopic and microscopic imaging of neurovascular dynamics Spatiotemporal characteristics of neurovascular responses across multiple scales Distinct effects of anesthesia and sedation on neurovascular coupling Cortex-wide correlation of neuronal activity and cerebral hemodynamics
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Affiliation(s)
- Congping Chen
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Zhentao She
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Neuroscience (NS), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhongya Qin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Jufang He
- Department of Neuroscience (NS), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Y Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.,Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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48
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Voltage-Sensitive Dye versus Intrinsic Signal Optical Imaging: Comparison of Tactile Responses in Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Cortices of Rats. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101294. [PMID: 34679359 PMCID: PMC8533871 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging assume that hemodynamic responses have roughly linear relationships with underlying neural activity. However, to accurately investigate the neurovascular transfer function and compare its variability across brain regions, it is necessary to obtain full-field imaging of both electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses under various stimulus conditions with superior spatiotemporal resolution. Optical imaging combined with voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) and intrinsic signals (IS) is a powerful tool to address this issue. We performed VSD and IS imaging in the primary (S1) and secondary (S2) somatosensory cortices of rats to obtain optical maps of whisker-evoked responses. There were characteristic differences in sensory responses between the S1 and S2 cortices: VSD imaging revealed more localized excitatory and stronger inhibitory neural activity in S1 than in S2. IS imaging revealed stronger metabolic responses in S1 than in S2. We calculated the degree of response to compare the sensory responses between cortical regions and found that the ratio of the degree of response of S2 to S1 was similar, irrespective of whether the ratio was determined by VSD or IS imaging. These results suggest that neurovascular coupling does not vary between the S1 and S2 cortices.
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Yousef Yengej DN, Ferando I, Kechechyan G, Nwaobi SE, Raman S, Charles A, Faas GC. Continuous long-term recording and triggering of brain neurovascular activity and behaviour in freely moving rodents. J Physiol 2021; 599:4545-4559. [PMID: 34438476 DOI: 10.1113/jp281514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A minimally invasive, microchip-based approach enables continuous long-term recording of brain neurovascular activity, heart rate, and head movement in freely behaving rodents. This approach can also be used for transcranial optical triggering of cortical activity in mice expressing channelrhodopsin. The system uses optical intrinsic signal recording to measure cerebral blood volume, which under baseline conditions is correlated with spontaneous neuronal activity. The arterial pulse and breathing can be quantified as a component of the optical intrinsic signal. Multi-directional head movement is measured simultaneously with a movement sensor. A separate movement tracking element through a camera enables precise mapping of overall movement within an enclosure. Data is processed by a dedicated single board computer, and streamed from multiple enclosures to a central server, enabling simultaneous remote monitoring and triggering in many subjects. One application of this system described here is the characterization of changes in of cerebral blood volume, heart rate and behaviour that occur with the sleep-wake cycle over weeks. Another application is optical triggering and recording of cortical spreading depression (CSD), the slowly propagated wave of neurovascular activity that occurs in the setting of brain injury and migraine aura. The neurovascular features of CSD are remarkably different in the awake vs. anaesthetized state in the same mouse. With its capacity to continuously and synchronously record multiple types of physiological and behavioural data over extended time periods in combination with intermittent triggering of brain activity, this inexpensive method has the potential for widespread practical application in rodent research. KEY POINTS: Recording and triggering of brain activity in mice and rats has typically required breaching the skull, and experiments are often performed under anaesthesia A minimally invasive microchip system enables continuous recording and triggering of neurovascular activity, and analysis of heart rate and behaviour in freely behaving rodents over weeks This system can be used to characterize physiological and behavioural changes associated with the sleep-wake cycle over extended time periods This approach can also be used with mice expressing channelrhodopsin to trigger and record cortical spreading depression (CSD) in freely behaving subjects. The neurovascular responses to CSD are remarkably different under anaesthesia compared with the awake state. The method is inexpensive and straightforward to employ at a relatively large scale. It enables translational investigation of a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions in rodent models of neurological and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri N Yousef Yengej
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA
| | - Isabella Ferando
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA.,Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami, 1150 NW 14th street, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gayane Kechechyan
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA.,University of California, San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0657, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0657, USA
| | - Sinifunanya E Nwaobi
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA
| | - Shrayes Raman
- School of Letters and Sciences, UCLA, 1309 Murphy Hall Box 951413, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1413, USA
| | - Andrew Charles
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA
| | - Guido C Faas
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 635 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-733522, USA
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50
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Wafford KA. Aberrant waste disposal in neurodegeneration: why improved sleep could be the solution. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 2:100025. [PMID: 36324713 PMCID: PMC9616228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2021.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep takes up a large percentage of our lives and the full functions of this state are still not understood. However, over the last 10 years a new and important function has emerged as a mediator of brain clearance. Removal of toxic metabolites and proteins from the brain parenchyma generated during waking activity and high levels of synaptic processing is critical to normal brain function and only enabled during deep sleep. Understanding of this process is revealing how impaired sleep contributes an important and likely causative role in the accumulation and aggregation of aberrant proteins such as β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau, as well as inflammation and neuronal damage. We are also beginning to understand how brain slow-wave activity interacts with vascular function allowing the flow of CSF and interstitial fluid to drain into the body's lymphatic system. New methodology is enabling visualization of this process in both animals and humans and is revealing how these processes break down during ageing and disease. With this understanding we can begin to envisage novel therapeutic approaches to the treatment of neurodegeneration, and how reversing sleep impairment in the correct manner may provide a way to slow these processes and improve brain function.
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Key Words
- AQP4, aquaporin-4
- Alzheimer's disease
- Amyloid
- Aquaporin-4
- Astrocyte
- Aβ, beta amyloid
- BOLD, blood-oxygen level dependent imaging
- CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid
- Clearance
- EEG, electroencephalography
- EMG, electromyography
- Glymphatic
- ISF, interstitial fluid
- MCI, mild cognitive impairment
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- NREM, non-rapid eye movement
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- PET, positron emission tomography
- REM, rapid-eye movement
- SWA, slow wave activity
- SWS, slow-wave sleep
- Slow-wave sleep
- iNPH, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
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