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Zhao Y, He B, Li D, Gao L, Ren W. Nanobody and CuS Nanoflower-Au-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay Strip to Enhance the Detection of Aflatoxin B 1. Foods 2024; 13:1845. [PMID: 38928787 PMCID: PMC11203097 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of analysis, the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is frequently utilized due to its capability to be fast and immediate. However, the biggest challenge of the LFIA is its low detection sensitivity and tolerance to matrix interference, making it impossible to enable accurate, qualitative analyses. In this study, we developed a new LFIA with higher affinity and sensitivity, based on a nanobody (G8-DIG) and CuS nanoflowers-Au (CuS NFs-Au), for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in maize. We synthesized the immunoprobe G8-DIG@CuS NFs-Au, stimulated the in situ development of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) on Cu NFs by electrical displacement, and obtained Cu NFs-Au for fixing the G8-DIG. G8-DIG@CuS NFs-Au probe-based LFIAs may, in ideal circumstances, use a strip chromatography reader to accomplish sensitive quantitative detection and qualitative visualization. AFB1 has a detection range of 2.82-89.56 µg/L and a detection limit of 0.87 µg/L. When compared with an LFIA based on CuS NFs, this sensitivity is increased by 2.76 times. The practical application of this method in corn flour demonstrated a recovery rate of 81.7% to 117%. Therefore, CuS NFs-Au show great potential for detecting analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wenjie Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.Z.); (B.H.); (D.L.); (L.G.)
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2
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Pożarska A, Karpiesiuk K, Kozera W, Czarnik U, Dąbrowski M, Zielonka Ł. AFB1 Toxicity in Human Food and Animal Feed Consumption: A Review of Experimental Treatments and Preventive Measures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5305. [PMID: 38791343 PMCID: PMC11121597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The current review aims to outline and summarize the latest research on aflatoxin, with research studies describing natural, herbal and chemical compound applications in animal (pig) models and in vitro cellular studies. Aflatoxin, a carcinogenic toxin metabolite, is produced by Aspergillus flavus in humid environments, posing a threat to human health and crop production. The current treatment involves the prevention of exposure to aflatoxin and counteracting its harmful toxic effects, enabling survival and research studies on an antidote for aflatoxin. OBJECTIVES To summarize current research prospects and to outline the influence of aflatoxin on animal forage in farm production, food and crop processing. The research application of remedies to treat aflatoxin is undergoing development to pinpoint biochemical pathways responsible for aflatoxin effects transmission and actions of treatment. SIGNIFICANCE To underline the environmental stress of aflatoxin on meat and dairy products; to describe clinical syndromes associated with aflatoxicosis on human health that are counteracted with proposed treatment and preventive interventions. To understand how to improve the health of farm animals with feed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pożarska
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Karpiesiuk
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozera
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Gomes AL, Petrus RR, de Sousa RLM, Fernandes AM. Aflatoxins and fumonisins in conventional and organic corn: a comprehensive review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:575-586. [PMID: 38530071 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2330092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This review analyzes the occurrence and co-exposure of aflatoxins and fumonisins in conventional and organic corn, and compares the vulnerability to contamination of both. The risks of fungal contamination in corn are real, mainly by the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium, producers of aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively. Aflatoxins, especially AFB1, are related to a high incidence of liver cancer, and the International Agency Research of Cancer (IARC) classified them in group 1A 'carcinogenic to humans'. The occurrence in conventional corn is reported in many countries, including at higher levels than those established by legislation. IARC classified fumonisins in group 2B 'possibly carcinogenic to humans' due to their link with incidence of esophageal cancer. However, comparing corn and organic and conventional by-products from different regions, different results are observed. The co-occurrence of both mycotoxins is a worldwide problem; nevertheless, there is little data on the comparison of the co-exposure of these mycotoxins in corn and derivatives between both systems. It was found that the agricultural system is not a decisive factor in the final contamination, indicating the necessity of effective strategies to reduce contamination and co-exposure at levels that do not pose health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Gomes
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Petrus
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L M de Sousa
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Brazil
| | - Andrezza M Fernandes
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Brazil
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4
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Lázaro Á, Frangiamone M, Maietti A, Cimbalo A, Vila-Donat P, Manyes L. Allium sativum L. var. Voghiera Reduces Aflatoxin B1 Bioaccessibility and Cytotoxicity In Vitro. Foods 2024; 13:487. [PMID: 38338622 PMCID: PMC10855818 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work focuses on the evaluation of AFB1's bioaccessibility and cytotoxicity in vitro using bread (naturally contaminated) enriched or not enriched with fresh Voghiera garlic (2%). Two different experiments were carried out: experiment 1 (E1), with low-AFB1-concentration breads (1.6-1.7 mg/kg); and experiment 2 (E2), with high-AFB1-concentration breads (96.4-102.7 mg/kg). Eight breads were prepared, four for E1 (experiment 1) and another four for E2 (experiment 2), with each experiment having a control group (C), a garlic-enriched group (2%) (G), an AFB1 group (A), and an AFB1 + garlic group (A + G). Simulated digestion was performed on each type of bread, and gastric and intestinal digests were obtained. AFB1 content in flours, baked bread, and gastric and intestinal digests was measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Fluorescence Detection. The results demonstrate dose-dependent AFB1 bioaccessibility and that the presence of garlic contributed to its reduction in both doses (7-8%). Moreover, garlic's presence in AFB1-contaminated bread increased cell viability (9-18%) in differentiated Caco-2 cells and mitigated the arrest of S and G2/M phases provoked by AFB1 on Jurkat T cells and reduced apoptosis/necrosis, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS by 16%, 71%, and 24% respectively. The inclusion of garlic as a functional ingredient helped relieve the presence and effects of AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lázaro
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Massimo Frangiamone
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Annalisa Maietti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Science, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Cimbalo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Pilar Vila-Donat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
| | - Lara Manyes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (Á.L.); (M.F.); (P.V.-D.); (L.M.)
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Cheng S, Wu T, Zhang H, Sun Z, Mwabulili F, Xie Y, Sun S, Ma W, Li Q, Yang Y, Wu X, Jia H. Mining Lactonase Gene from Aflatoxin B 1-Degrading Strain Bacillus megaterium and Degrading Properties of the Recombinant Enzyme. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20762-20771. [PMID: 38103014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites mainly produced by filamentous fungal species that commonly contaminate food and feed. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is extremely toxic and seriously threatens the health of humans and animals. In this work, the Bacillus megaterium HNGD-A6 was obtained and showed a 94.66% removal ability of AFB1 by employing extracellular enzymes as the degrading active substance. The degradation products were P1 (AFD1, C16H14O5) and P2 (C14H16N2O2), and their toxicity was greatly reduced compared to that of AFB1. The AttM gene was mined by BlastP comparison and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. AttM could degrade 86.78% of AFB1 at pH 8.5 and 80 °C, as well as 81.32% of ochratoxin A and 67.82% of zearalenone. The ability of AttM to degrade a wide range of toxins and its resistance to high temperatures offer the possibility of its use in food or feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhong Cheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongke Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fred Mwabulili
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingquan Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ciobanu D, Hosu-Stancioiu O, Melinte G, Ognean F, Simon I, Cristea C. Recent Progress of Electrochemical Aptasensors toward AFB1 Detection (2018-2023). BIOSENSORS 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 38248384 PMCID: PMC10813172 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Food contaminants represent possible threats to humans and animals as severe food safety hazards. Prolonged exposure to contaminated food often leads to chronic diseases such as cancer, kidney or liver failure, immunosuppression, or genotoxicity. Aflatoxins are naturally produced by strains of the fungi species Aspergillus, which is one of the most critical and poisonous food contaminants worldwide. Given the high percentage of contaminated food products, traditional detection methods often prove inadequate. Thus, it becomes imperative to develop fast, accurate, and easy-to-use analytical methods to enable safe food products and good practices policies. Focusing on the recent progress (2018-2023) of electrochemical aptasensors for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection in food and beverage samples, without pretending to be exhaustive, we present an overview of the most important label-free and labeled sensing strategies. Simultaneous and competitive aptamer-based strategies are also discussed. The aptasensors are summarized in tabular format according to the detection mode. Sample treatments performed prior analysis are discussed. Emphasis was placed on the nanomaterials used in the aptasensors' design for aptamer-tailored immobilization and/or signal amplification. The advantages and limitations of AFB1 electrochemical aptasensors for field detection are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Ciobanu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (G.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Oana Hosu-Stancioiu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (G.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Gheorghe Melinte
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (G.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Flavia Ognean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (G.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Ioan Simon
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.C.); (G.M.); (F.O.)
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7
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Aoyanagi MMDCC, Budiño FEL, Raj J, Vasiljević M, Ali S, Ramalho LNZ, Ramalho FS, Corassin CH, Ghantous GF, de Oliveira CAF. Efficacy of Two Commercially Available Adsorbents to Reduce the Combined Toxic Effects of Dietary Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, and Zearalenone and Their Residues in the Tissues of Weaned Pigs. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:629. [PMID: 37999492 PMCID: PMC10675588 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins present a significant health concern within the animal-feed industry, with profound implications for the pig-farming sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two commercial adsorbents, an organically modified clinoptilolite (OMC) and a multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA), to ameliorate the combined adverse effects of dietary aflatoxins (AFs: sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEN) at levels of nearly 0.5, 1.0, and 1.0 mg/kg, on a cohort of cross-bred female pigs (N = 24). Pigs were randomly allocated into six experimental groups (control, mycotoxins (MTX) alone, MTX + OMC 1.5 kg/ton, MTX + OMC 3.0 kg/ton, MTX + MMDA 1.5 kg/ton, and MTX + MMDA 3.0 kg/ton), each consisting of four individuals, and subjected to a dietary regimen spanning 42 days. The administration of combined AFs, FBs, and ZEN reduced the body-weight gain and increased the relative weight of the liver, while there was no negative influence observed on the serum biochemistry of animals. The supplementation of OMC and MMDA ameliorated the toxic effects, as observed in organ histology, and provided a notable reduction in residual AFs, FBs, and ZEN levels in the liver and kidneys. Moreover, the OMC supplementation was able to reduce the initiation of liver carcinogenesis without any hepatotoxic side effects. These findings demonstrate that the use of OMC and MMDA effectively mitigated the adverse effects of dietary AFs, FBs, and ZEN in piglets. Further studies should explore the long-term protective effects of the studied adsorbent supplementation to optimize mycotoxin management strategies in pig-farming operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micheli Midori de Cerqueira Costa Aoyanagi
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.M.d.C.C.A.); (S.A.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño
- Department of Agriculture and Food Supply of the São Paulo State, Institute of Animal Science and Pastures, Nova Odessa 13460-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jog Raj
- Patent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Marko Vasiljević
- Patent Co., DOO., Vlade Ćetkovića 1A, 24211 Mišićevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.)
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.M.d.C.C.A.); (S.A.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.Z.R.); (F.S.R.)
| | - Fernando Silva Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.N.Z.R.); (F.S.R.)
| | - Carlos Humberto Corassin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.M.d.C.C.A.); (S.A.); (C.H.C.)
| | - Giovana Fumes Ghantous
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil; (M.M.d.C.C.A.); (S.A.); (C.H.C.)
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Appell M, Wegener EC, Sharma BK, Eller FJ, Evans KO, Compton DL. In Vitro Evaluation of the Adsorption Efficacy of Biochar Materials on Aflatoxin B 1, Ochratoxin A, and Zearalenone. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3311. [PMID: 37958067 PMCID: PMC10649945 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin sequestration materials are important tools to reduce mycotoxin illness and enable proper handling of mycotoxin-contaminated commodities. Three food-grade bentonite clays and four generally recognized as safe (GRAS) charcoal/biochar carbon materials that are marketed as feed additives and supplements were evaluated for their ability to sequester the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. The surface area of the clays varied between 32.1 to 51.4 mg2/g, and the surface area of the carbon-based materials varied from 1.7 to 1735 mg2/g. In vitro, gastric fluid studies indicated that certain pine biochar and activated coconut charcoal could sequester high amounts (85+%) of the mycotoxins at 1 ppm levels or below. However, some biochar materials with lower surface area properties lacked binding capacity. The coconut shell charcoal and pine biochar utilize agricultural waste products in a manner that significantly reduces carbon emissions and provides valuable materials to minimize exposure to toxins found in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Appell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Evan C. Wegener
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Brajendra K. Sharma
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Sustainable Biofuels and Co-Products Research, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA;
| | - Fred J. Eller
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Functional Foods Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA;
| | - Kervin O. Evans
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
| | - David L. Compton
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA; (E.C.W.); (K.O.E.); (D.L.C.)
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9
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Olarotimi OJ, Gbore FA, Oloruntola OD, Jimoh OA. Serum inflammation and oxidative DNA damage amelioration in cocks-fed supplemental Vernonia amygdalina and zinc in aflatoxin B 1 contaminated diets. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad113. [PMID: 37786424 PMCID: PMC10541856 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the comparative effects of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal (VALM) and zinc (Zn) on the serum proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as DNA damage of cocks-fed aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated diets. A total of 250 sexually mature Isa White cocks of 24 weeks old were randomly distributed into five groups (treatments) with each containing 50 birds, which was replicated five times with 10 birds per replicate. Cocks in group A were fed basal diet only, group B was fed basal diet contaminated with 1 mg AFB1/kg diet, group C received diet B (basal + 1 mg/kg AFB1) with 50 mg/kg Zn, group D was fed diet B with 2.5 g/kg VALM, and group E received diet B with 5.0 g/kg VALM, respectively. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum with fresh feed added to the feed troughs at 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m., respectively. While serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated among the cocks on diet B, significant (P < 0.05) reductions were recorded among cocks on diets C, D, and E. Conversely, birds in group B had significant (P < 0.05) depression in serum interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) while improvements (P < 0.05) were recorded among cocks in groups C, D, and E, respectively. Therefore, the inclusion of VALM offset the adverse physiological effects of AFB1 observed among group B birds. The effects were comparable with the results presented by the cocksfed diet containing Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumuyiwa J Olarotimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, 342111 Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Francis A Gbore
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, 342111 Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olugbenga D Oloruntola
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, 342111 Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olatunji A Jimoh
- Department of Agricultural Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, 360231 Ekiti State, Nigeria
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10
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Pauletto M, Giantin M, Tolosi R, Bassan I, Bardhi A, Barbarossa A, Montanucci L, Zaghini A, Dacasto M. Discovering the Protective Effects of Quercetin on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Toxicity in Bovine Foetal Hepatocyte-Derived Cells (BFH12). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:555. [PMID: 37755981 PMCID: PMC10534839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induces lipid peroxidation and mortality in bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cells (BFH12), with underlying transcriptional perturbations associated mainly with cancer, cellular damage, inflammation, bioactivation, and detoxification pathways. In this cell line, curcumin and resveratrol have proven to be effective in mitigating AFB1-induced toxicity. In this paper, we preliminarily assessed the potential anti-AFB1 activity of a natural polyphenol, quercetin (QUE), in BFH12 cells. To this end, we primarily measured QUE cytotoxicity using a WST-1 reagent. Then, we pre-treated the cells with QUE and exposed them to AFB1. The protective role of QUE was evaluated by measuring cytotoxicity, transcriptional changes (RNA-sequencing), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde production), and targeted post-transcriptional modifications (NQO1 and CYP3A enzymatic activity). The results demonstrated that QUE, like curcumin and resveratrol, reduced AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation and caused larger transcriptional variations than AFB1 alone. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in lipid homeostasis, inflammatory and immune processes, and carcinogenesis. As for enzymatic activities, QUE significantly reverted CYP3A variations induced by AFB1, but not those of NQO1. This study provides new knowledge about key molecular mechanisms involved in QUE-mediated protection against AFB1 toxicity and encourages in vivo studies to assess QUE's bioavailability and beneficial effects on aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.G.); (R.T.); (I.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.G.); (R.T.); (I.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Roberta Tolosi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.G.); (R.T.); (I.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Irene Bassan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.G.); (R.T.); (I.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Anisa Bardhi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, I-40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrea Barbarossa
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, I-40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ludovica Montanucci
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Anna Zaghini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell’Emilia, I-40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (A.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.G.); (R.T.); (I.B.); (M.D.)
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11
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Stanic B, Milošević N, Sukur N, Samardzija Nenadov D, Fa Nedeljkovic S, Škrbić S, Andric N. An in silico toxicogenomic approach in constructing the aflatoxin B1-mediated regulatory network of hub genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:552-562. [PMID: 36978281 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2196686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through a mutagenic mode of action but can also lead to global changes in gene expression; however, the AFB1 network of molecular pathways involved in HCC is not known. Here, we used toxicogenomic data from human liver cells exposed to AFB1 to infer the network of AFB1-responsive molecular pathways involved in HCC. The following computational tools: STRING, MCODE, cytoHubba, iRegulon, kinase enrichment tool KEA3, and DAVID were used to identify protein-protein interaction network, hub genes, transcription factors (TFs), upstream kinases, and biological processes (BPs). Predicted molecular events were validated with an external dataset, whereas the hub genes in HCC were validated using the UALCAN database. The results revealed an association between AFB1 and the hub genes involved in the cell cycle. We identified TFs that regulate the hub genes and linked them with upstream kinases including cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, and AKT. This approach enabled the construction of the AFB1-mediated regulatory network consisting of upstream kinases, TFs, hub genes, and BPs, thus revealing the signaling hierarchy and information flow that may contribute to AFB1-induced HCC. This could be a useful tool in predicting the molecular mechanisms involved in chemical-induced diseases when available toxicogenomic data exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Stanic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Milošević
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Sukur
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - Srđan Škrbić
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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12
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Huang L, Long Q, Su Q, Zhu X, Long X. Aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts modify the effects of post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization improving hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:780-792. [PMID: 37711588 PMCID: PMC10497403 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim DNA damage involves in the carcinogenesis of some cancer and may act as a target for therapeutic intervention of cancers. However, it is unclear whether aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts (ADAs), an important kind of DNA damage caused by AFB1, affect the efficiency of post-operative adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (po-TACE) treatment improving hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival. Methods A hospital-based retrospective study, including 318 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-C stage HCC from high AFB1 exposure areas, to investigate the potential effects of ADAs in the tissues with HCC on po-TACE treatment. The amount of ADAs in the cancerous tissues was tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA). Results Among these patients with HCC, the average amount of ADAs was 3.00 µmol/mol ± 1.51 µmol/mol DNA in their tissues with cancer. For these patients, increasing amount of ADAs was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) and tumor reoccurrence-free survival (RFS), with corresponding death risk (DR) of 3.69 (2.78-4.91) and tumor recurrence risk (TRR) of 2.95 (2.24-3.88). The po-TACE therapy can efficiently improve their prognosis [DR = 0.59 (0.46-0.76), TRR = 0.63 (0.49-0.82)]. Interestingly, this improving role was more noticeable among these patients with high ADAs [DR = 0.36 (0.24-0.53), TRR = 0.40 (0.28-0.59)], but not among those with low ADAs (P > 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that increasing ADAs in the cancerous tissues may be beneficial for po-TACE in ameliorating the survival of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Huang
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Departement of Pathology, Graduate School of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qinqin Long
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qunying Su
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xidai Long
- Clinicopathological Diagnosis & Research Centre, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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13
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Katati B, Kovacs S, Njapau H, Kachapulula PW, Zwaan BJ, van Diepeningen AD, Schoustra SE. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Modulates Aflatoxin-B1 Levels through an Antioxidative Mechanism. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:690. [PMID: 37367626 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are considered to play important functions in species of Aspergillus section Flavi including an antioxidative role, as a deterrent against fungivorous insects, and in antibiosis. Atoxigenic Flavi are known to degrade AF-B1 (B1). To better understand the purpose of AF degradation, we investigated the degradation of B1 and AF-G1 (G1) in an antioxidative role in Flavi. Atoxigenic and toxigenic Flavi were treated with artificial B1 and G1 with or without the antioxidant selenium (Se), which is expected to affect levels of AF. After incubations, AF levels were measured by HPLC. To estimate which population would likely be favoured between toxigenic and atoxigenic Flavi under Se, we investigated the fitness, by spore count, of the Flavi as a result of exposure to 0, 0.40, and 0.86 µg/g Se in 3%-sucrose cornmeal agar (3gCMA). Results showed that levels B1 in medium without Se were reduced in all isolates, while G1 did not significantly change. When the medium was treated with Se, toxigenic Flavi significantly digested less B1, while levels of G1 significantly increased. Se did not affect the digestion of B1 in atoxigenic Flavi, and also did not alter levels of G1. Furthermore, atoxigenic strains were significantly fitter than toxigenic strains at Se 0.86 µg/g 3gCMA. Findings show that while atoxigenic Flavi degraded B1, toxigenic Flavi modulated its levels through an antioxidative mechanism to levels less than they produced. Furthermore, B1 was preferred in the antioxidative role compared to G1 in the toxigenic isolates. The higher fitness of atoxigenic over toxigenic counterparts at a plant non-lethal dose of 0.86 µg/g would be a useful attribute for integration in the broader biocontrol prospects of toxigenic Flavi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya Katati
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Mycotoxicology Laboratory, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lusaka 310158, Zambia
| | - Stan Kovacs
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Njapau
- Mycotoxicology Laboratory, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lusaka 310158, Zambia
| | - Paul W Kachapulula
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen E Schoustra
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
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14
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Demirkapi EN, Ince S, Demirel HH, Arslan-Acaroz D, Acaroz U. Polydatin reduces aflatoxin-B1 induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory cytokine levels in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:70842-70853. [PMID: 37155108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study showed the protective effect of polydatin (PD), which has an antioxidant activity against oxidative stress in mice caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). In this study, 36 male Swiss albino mice were divided equally into 6 groups: 0.2 mL of FTS was administered to the control group, 0.2 mL of olive oil to the second group, and 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 to the third group by intragastric gavage every day for 28 days. The fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were administered 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg PD and 0.75 mg/kg AFB1 intragastrically for 28 days, respectively. AFB1 administration increased plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and malondialdehyde levels in blood and tissue samples but decreased the level of glutathione and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. On the other hand, it was determined that PD applications depending on the increasing doses brought these levels closer to normal. In addition, AFB1 administration increased the amount of ssDNA and liver COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, NFκB, and Cyp3a11 mRNA expression levels; on the other hand, it decreased the IL-2 mRNA expression level. In contrast, increasing doses of PD application regulated the amount of ssDNA and these mRNA expression levels. Additionally, histopathological damage was observed in the liver and kidney tissues of the AFB1 group, while PD applications in a dose-dependent manner improved these damages. As a result, it was determined that PD reduced AFB1-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation and exhibited a protective effect on tissues in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Nur Demirkapi
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Physiology, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Ince
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | | | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- Veterinary Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Afyon Kocatepe University, Veterinary Faculty, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Tian Y, Che H, Yang J, Jin Y, Yu H, Wang C, Fu Y, Li N, Zhang J. Astaxanthin Alleviates Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030232. [PMID: 36977123 PMCID: PMC10057844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a typical fungal toxin found in feed, is highly carcinogenic. Oxidative stress is one of the main ways it exerts its toxicity; therefore, finding a suitable antioxidant is the key to reducing its toxicity. Astaxanthin (AST) is a carotenoid with strong antioxidant properties. The aim of the present research was to determine whether AST eases the AFB1-induced impairment in IPEC-J2 cells, and its specific mechanism of action. AFB1 and AST were applied to IPEC-J2 cells in different concentrations for 24 h. The AST (80 µM) significantly prevented the reduction in the IPEC-J2 cell viability that was induced by AFB1 (10 μM). The results showed that treatment with AST attenuated the AFB1-induced ROS, and cytochrome C, the Bax/Bcl2 ratio, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, which were all activated by AFB1, were among the pro-apoptotic proteins which were diminished by AST. AST activates the Nrf2 signaling pathway and ameliorates antioxidant ability. This was further evidenced by the expression of the HO-1, NQO1, SOD2, and HSP70 genes were all upregulated. Taken together, the findings show that the impairment of oxidative stress and apoptosis, caused by the AFB1 in the IPEC-J2 cells, can be attenuated by AST triggering the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tian
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haoyu Che
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinsheng Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yongcheng Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yurong Fu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Na Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Feed and Feeding in the Northeastern Frigid Area, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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Yun C, Kim SH, Jung YS. Current Research Trends in the Application of In Vitro Three-Dimensional Models of Liver Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010054. [PMID: 36678683 PMCID: PMC9866911 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver produces and stores various nutrients that are necessary for the body and serves as a chemical plant, metabolizing carbohydrates, fats, hormones, vitamins, and minerals. It is also a vital organ for detoxifying drugs and exogenous harmful substances. Culturing liver cells in vitro under three-dimensional (3D) conditions is considered a primary mechanism for liver tissue engineering. The 3D cell culture system is designed to allow cells to interact in an artificially created environment and has the advantage of mimicking the physiological characteristics of cells in vivo. This system facilitates contact between the cells and the extracellular matrix. Several technically different approaches have been proposed, including bioreactors, chips, and plate-based systems in fluid or static media composed of chemically diverse materials. Compared to conventional two-dimensional monolayer culture in vitro models, the ability to predict the function of the tissues, including the drug metabolism and chemical toxicity, has been enhanced by developing three-dimensional liver culture models. This review discussed the methodology of 3D cell cultures and summarized the advantages of an in vitro liver platform using 3D culture technology.
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Aflatoxins in Feed: Types, Metabolism, Health Consequences in Swine and Mitigation Strategies. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120853. [PMID: 36548750 PMCID: PMC9783261 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding farm animals with aflatoxin-contaminated feed can cause various severe toxic effects, leading to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased mortality, weight loss, poor performance and reduced reproductive capability. Following ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs, aflatoxins are metabolized and biotransformed differently in animals. Swine metabolism is not effective in detoxifying and excreting aflatoxins, meaning the risk of aflatoxicosis is increased. Thus, it is of great importance to elucidate the metabolism and all metabolic pathways associated with this mycotoxin. The damage induced by AFB1 in cells and tissues consists of inhibition of cell proliferation, carcinogenicity, immunosuppression, mutagenicity, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, leading to pathological lesions in the liver, spleen, lymph node, kidney, uterus, heart, and lungs of swine. At present, it is a challenging task and of serious concern to completely remove aflatoxins and their metabolites from feedstuff; thus, the aim of this study was a literature review on the deleterious effects of aflatoxins on swine metabolism, as well as alternatives that contribute to the detoxification or amelioration of aflatoxin-induced effects in farm animal feed.
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