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Pearce B, Nguyên VNB, Cowling C, Pinson JA, Sim J. Australian radiographer roles in the emergency department; evidence of regulatory compliance to improve patient safety - A narrative review. Radiography (Lond) 2024; 30:319-331. [PMID: 38128248 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using a narrative approach, this paper aims to determine the extent of Australian radiographers' regulatory compliance to improve patient safety when performing appendicular X-ray and non-contrast brain computed tomography (CT) in the Emergency Department (ED). KEY FINDINGS A narrative review explored relevant literature and key regulatory policy. Ten documents were identified, three main themes were developed related to the radiographer roles in X-ray request justification, dose optimisation and preliminary image evaluation (PIE). Radiographers were equally aware of justification and optimisation pre and post the introduction of a Medical Code of Practice. The collective PIE accuracy of radiographers remained unaffected by changes in mode of PIE delivery and regulatory factors but varied based on the anatomical region. CONCLUSION While current Australian regulations mandate radiographer request justification, dose optimisation and PIE, the degree of compliance by Australian radiographers remains uncertain. Current literature provides evidence that radiographers can improve patient care and safety through justification, optimisation, and PIE delivery. Change in workplace practice, supported by key stakeholders including radiologists, is essential to integrate radiographers' functions into routine ED clinical practice. Further research is required to audit radiographers' regulatory compliance to improve patient safety. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patient safety in ED can be improved with timely and accurate diagnosis provided by radiographers. Radiographers have a professional obligation to adhere to the capabilities and standards for safe medical radiation practice defined by Australian regulations. Therefore, radiographers must justify the X-ray request, optimise the radiation dose where appropriate and communicate urgent or unexpected findings to the referrer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pearce
- Peninsula Health: Frankston Hospital, Frankston, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Van N B Nguyên
- Monash Nursing & Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - C Cowling
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J-A Pinson
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Sim
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Kruszon-Moran D, Brody D, Pearce B. Association of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara on cognitive function among US adults aged 60 and over, NHANES 2011-2014. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:315-321. [PMID: 36849240 PMCID: PMC10127138 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-219772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara are common parasites that infect humans globally. Our aim was to examine the relationship between T. gondii and Toxocara infection and cognition. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression was used to test the association of T. gondii and Toxocara seropositivity on indices of cognitive function (a word list learning trial with delayed recall from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease, an animal fluency test (AFT) and a digit symbol substitution test (DSST)) among 2643 adults aged 60 years and older in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS Seropositivity to T. gondii or Toxocara were both associated with lower scores in all three cognitive function measures examined in univariate analyses. Except for the DSST, these associations were not significant after adjustment for age, gender, race and Hispanic origin, poverty level, education, US birth status, depression and hypertension. On stratification to account for significant interactions, Toxocara seropositivity was associated with worse scores on the AFT among those born outside the USA, worse scores on the DSST among those aged 60-69 years, female, Hispanic and with a high school diploma or less. Lower DSST scores with Toxocara infection was greater for adults living below compared with at or above the poverty level. CONCLUSIONS Seropositivity to these parasites, particularly to Toxocara, may be associated with diminished cognitive performance in certain subgroups of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna Kruszon-Moran
- National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Debra Brody
- National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Kim YJ, Levantsevych OM, Elon L, Lewis TT, Suglia SF, Bremner JD, Quyyumi AA, Pearce B, Raggi P, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ. Early life stress and autonomic response to acute mental stress in individuals with coronary heart disease. J Trauma Stress 2022; 35:521-532. [PMID: 35032417 PMCID: PMC9109683 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We examined whether ELS was associated with autonomic function and stress reactivity among individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD). We included patients with stable CHD from two parallel studies, the Mental Stress Ischemia Prognosis Study (MIPS) and the Myocardial Infarction and Mental Stress Study 2 (MIMS2), and assessed ELS using the Early Trauma Inventory-Self-Report-Short Form. Participants underwent a laboratory-based mental stress task while undergoing ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. We used multivariate linear regression models to estimate the associations between ELS and heart rate variability (HRV; low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and LF and HF [LH] ratio). The analytic sample included 405 MIPS and 284 MIMS2 participants. Most participants endorsed at least one experience of ELS (92.2%). Although we did not observe associations between ELS and HRV outcomes in the overall sample, ELS was associated with lower LH ratio HRV during recovery in the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) subgroup, ELS x PTSD interaction, p = .041. In the MIMS2 subgroup, ELS was associated with lower resting period LF HRV, B ̂ $ \widehat{B} $ = -0.16 ln ms2 ; 95% CI [-0.31, -0.02]. Exposure to physical trauma was associated with decreased HF HRV overall reactivity only among participants with high to moderate depressive symptoms, B ̂ $ \widehat{B} $ = -0.52 ln ms2 vs. B ̂ $ \widehat{B} $ = 0.01 ln ms2 , p = .013. Overall, heterogeneous associations between ELS and HRV emerged, suggesting the need for additional research regarding longer-term ambulatory HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ji Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lisa Elon
- Department of Biostatistics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tené T. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shakira F. Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J. Douglas Bremner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology and Center for Positron Emission Tomography, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paolo Raggi
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amit J. Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Lau WL, Pearce B, Malakian H, Rodrigo I, Xie D, Gao M, Marsilio F, Chang C, Ruzanov M, Muckelbauer JK, Newitt JA, Lipovšek D, Sheriff S. Using yeast surface display to engineer a soluble and crystallizable construct of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1). Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2021; 77:22-28. [PMID: 33439152 PMCID: PMC7805552 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x20016015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is an intracellular kinase that plays an important role in modulating tumor immune response and thus is an attractive target for drug discovery. Crystallization of the wild-type HPK1 kinase domain has been hampered by poor expression in recombinant systems and poor solubility. In this study, yeast surface display was applied to a library of HPK1 kinase-domain variants in order to select variants with an improved expression level and solubility. The HPK1 variant with the most improved properties contained two mutations, crystallized readily in complex with several small-molecule inhibitors and provided valuable insight to guide structure-based drug design. This work exemplifies the benefit of yeast surface display towards engineering crystallizable proteins and thus enabling structure-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai L. Lau
- Biologics Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
| | - Heather Malakian
- Biologics Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iyoncy Rodrigo
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Dianlin Xie
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Mian Gao
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Frank Marsilio
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Chiehying Chang
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Max Ruzanov
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Jodi K. Muckelbauer
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - John A. Newitt
- Protein Science, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
| | - Daša Lipovšek
- Biologics Discovery, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Steven Sheriff
- Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA
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Almuwaqqat Z, Wittbrodt M, Young A, Lima BB, Hammadah M, Garcia M, Elon L, Pearce B, Hu Y, Sullivan S, Mehta PK, Driggers E, Kim YJ, Lewis TT, Suglia SF, Shah AJ, Bremner JD, Quyyumi AA, Vaccarino V. Association of Early-Life Trauma and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Young and Middle-aged Individuals With a History of Myocardial Infarction. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 6:2773087. [PMID: 33185652 PMCID: PMC7666433 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.5749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Compared with older patients, young adults with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) tend to have a higher burden of psychosocial adversity. Exposure to early-life stressors may contribute to the risk of adverse outcomes in this patient population, potentially through inflammatory pathways. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of early-life trauma with adverse events and examine whether inflammation plays a role. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study included patients aged 18 to 60 years with a verified history of MI in the past 8 months from a university-affiliated hospital network. Baseline data were collected from June 2011 to March 2016, and follow-up data were obtained through July 2019. Analysis began September 2019. EXPOSURES Early-life trauma was assessed using the Early Trauma Inventory-Self Report short form (ETI-SR-SF), both as a continuous and as a binary variable at the threshold of a score of 7 or higher. Inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein were obtained at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES A composite end point of recurrent MI, stroke, heart failure hospitalization, and cardiovascular death over a median 3-year follow-up. RESULTS Of 300 patients, the mean (SD) age was 51 (7) years, 198 (66%) were African American, and 150 (50%) were women. Compared with participants with MI with an ETI-SR-SF score less than 7, those with a score of 7 or higher had higher levels of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein at baseline. Compared with participants with an ETI-SR-SF score less than 7, those with a score of 7 or higher were at a greater risk for adverse outcomes, with a hazards ratio of 2.3 (95% CI, 1.3-3.9). Results remained consistent in multivariable analysis. Further adjustment for C-reactive protein rendered the results no longer statistically significant. Early-life trauma displayed a dose-dependent response when analyzed as a continuous variable and by quartiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Early-life trauma is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes in young and middle-aged individuals with a history of MI. Neurobiological mechanisms leading to lifetime activation of systemic inflammatory cascades may be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Almuwaqqat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Wittbrodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - An Young
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bruno B. Lima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Muhammad Hammadah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mariana Garcia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa Elon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yingtian Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samaah Sullivan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Puja K. Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emily Driggers
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tene` T. Lewis
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shakira F. Suglia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Amit J. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Arshed A. Quyyumi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Aston S, Denisova K, Hurlbert A, Olkkonen M, Pearce B, Rudd M, Werner A, Xiao B. Exploring the Determinants of Color Perception Using #Thedress and Its Variants: The Role of Spatio-Chromatic Context, Chromatic Illumination, and Material-Light Interaction. Perception 2020; 49:1235-1251. [PMID: 33183137 PMCID: PMC7672784 DOI: 10.1177/0301006620963808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The colors that people see depend not only on the surface properties of objects but also on how these properties interact with light as well as on how light reflected from objects interacts with an individual's visual system. Because individual visual systems vary, the same visual stimulus may elicit different perceptions from different individuals. #thedress phenomenon drove home this point: different individuals viewed the same image and reported it to be widely different colors: blue and black versus white and gold. This phenomenon inspired a collection of demonstrations presented at the Vision Sciences Society 2015 Meeting which showed how spatial and temporal manipulations of light spectra affect people's perceptions of material colors and illustrated the variability in individual color perception. The demonstrations also explored the effects of temporal alterations in metameric lights, including Maxwell's Spot, an entoptic phenomenon. Crucially, the demonstrations established that #thedress phenomenon occurs not only for images of the dress but also for the real dress under real light sources of different spectral composition and spatial configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Denisova
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States; New York State Psychiatric Institute, United States; Teachers College Columbia University, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Annette Werner
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Germany
| | - Bei Xiao
- American University, United States
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Pearce B, Yadav R, Hegwood E, Ghafoor A, Mundell J, Preston T. VAPING: "A SAFE ALTERNATIVE TO SMOKING". Chest 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Corwin E, Dunlop AL, Fernandes J, Li S, Pearce B, Jones DP. Metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with glucocorticoid resistance in pregnant African-American women. Compr Psychoneuroendocrinol 2020; 1-2. [PMID: 33693436 PMCID: PMC7943062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid resistance (GR) is associated with exposure to chronic stress and an increased risk of metabolic and inflammatory disorders in both animal and human populations. Studies on ethnic disparities highlight the African-American (AA) population as having a high propensity to both GR and chronic stress exposure. Glucocorticoids and inflammation play a very important role in pregnancy outcome and fetal development. To date, however, the metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during pregnancy have not been identified, obscuring the mechanisms by which adverse health consequences arise, and thus impeding targeted therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to perform untargeted high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) profiling on 273 pregnant AA women, to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR during the first trimester of pregnancy and to evaluate their cross-sectional association with birth outcomes and psychosocial variables related to chronic stress exposure. For this study, GR was determined by the concentration of dexamethasone required for 50% inhibition (Dex IC50) of the cytokine tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release in vitro in response to a standard dose of lipopolysaccharide. The results for Metabolome-Wide Association Studies (MWAS) and pathway enrichment analysis for serum metabolic associations with Dex IC50, showed energy (nicotinamide and TCA cycle), amino acid, and glycosphingolipid metabolism as top altered pathways. Bioinformatic analysis showed that GR, as indicated by elevated Dex IC50 in the pregnant women, was associated with increased inflammatory metabolites, oxidative stress related metabolites, increased demand for functional amino acids to support growth and development, and disruption in energy-related metabolites. If confirmed in future studies, targeting these physiologically significant metabolites and metabolic pathways may lead to future assessment and intervention strategies to prevent inflammatory and metabolic complications observed in pregnant populations. GR is associated with chronic stress and is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, especially among African Americans. Metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with GR relate to energy production, amino acid metabolism, and inflammation. Findings provide a foundation for future studies investigating risk factors in this health disparity population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Emory University School of Medicine and School of Nursing, Emory University, United States
| | | | - Shuzhao Li
- School of Medicine, Emory University, United States
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- School of Medicine, Emory University, United States
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Gurel NZ, Huang M, Wittbrodt MT, Jung H, Ladd SL, Shandhi MMH, Ko YA, Shallenberger L, Nye JA, Pearce B, Vaccarino V, Shah AJ, Bremner JD, Inan OT. Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:47-59. [PMID: 31439323 PMCID: PMC8252146 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with activation of the sympathetic nervous system, and can lead to lasting alterations in autonomic function and in extreme cases symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a potentially useful tool as a modulator of autonomic nervous system function, however currently available implantable devices are limited by cost and inconvenience. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of transcutaneous cervical VNS (tcVNS) on autonomic responses to stress. METHODS Using a double-blind approach, we investigated the effects of active or sham tcVNS on peripheral cardiovascular and autonomic responses to stress using wearable sensing devices in 24 healthy human participants with a history of exposure to psychological trauma. Participants were exposed to acute stressors over a three-day period, including personalized scripts of traumatic events, public speech, and mental arithmetic tasks. RESULTS tcVNS relative to sham applied immediately after traumatic stress resulted in a decrease in sympathetic function and modulated parasympathetic/sympathetic autonomic tone as measured by increased pre-ejection period (PEP) of the heart (a marker of cardiac sympathetic function) of 4.2 ms (95% CI 1.6-6.8 ms, p < 0.01), decreased peripheral sympathetic function as measured by increased photoplethysmogram (PPG) amplitude (decreased vasoconstriction) by 47.9% (1.4-94.5%, p < 0.05), a 9% decrease in respiratory rate (-14.3 to -3.7%, p < 0.01). Similar effects were seen when tcVNS was applied after other stressors and in the absence of a stressor. CONCLUSION Wearable sensing modalities are feasible to use in experiments in human participants, and tcVNS modulates cardiovascular and peripheral autonomic responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Z Gurel
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Minxuan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wittbrodt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hewon Jung
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stacy L Ladd
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Md Mobashir H Shandhi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi-An Ko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lucy Shallenberger
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jonathon A Nye
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit J Shah
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Omer T Inan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Coulter Department of Bioengineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pearce B, Hu R, Desmond F, Banyasz D, Jones R, Tan CO. Intraoperative TOE guided management of newly diagnosed severe tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension during orthotopic liver transplantation: a case report demonstrating the importance of reversibility as a favorable prognostic factor. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:128. [PMID: 31301738 PMCID: PMC6626629 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and pulmonary hypertension (PHT) are highly dynamic cardiovascular lesions that may progress rapidly, particularly in the orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) waitlist population. Severe TR and PHT are associated with poor outcomes in these patients, however it is rare for the two to be newly diagnosed intraoperatively at the time of OLT. Without preoperative information on pulmonary vascular and right heart function, the potential for reversibility of severe TR and PHT is unclear, making the decision to proceed to transplant fraught with difficulty. Case presentation We present a case of successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in a 48 year old female with severe (PHT) (mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 55 mmHg) and severe TR diagnosed post induction of anaesthesia. The degree of TR was associated with systemic venous pressures of > 100 mmHg resulting in massive haemorrhage during surgery and difficulty in distinguishing venous from arterial placement of vascular access devices. Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) proved crucial in diagnosing functional TR due to tricuspid annular and right ventricular (RV) dilatation, and dynamically monitoring response to treatment. In response to positioning, judicious volatile anaesthesia administration, pulmonary vasodilator therapy and permissive hypovolemia during surgery we noted substantial improvement of the TR and pulmonary arterial pressures, confirming the reversibility of the TR and associated PHT. Conclusion TR and PHT are co-dependent, dynamic, load sensitive right heart conditions that are interdependent with chronic liver disease, and may progress rapidly in patients waitlisted for OLT. Use of intraoperative TOE and pulmonary artery catheterisation on the day of surgery will detect previously undiagnosed severe TR and PHT, enable rapid assessment of the cause and the potential for reversibility. These dynamic monitors permit real-time assessment of the response to interventions or events affecting right ventricular (RV) preload and afterload, providing critical information for prognosis and management. Furthermore, we suggest that TR and PHT should be specifically sought when waitlisted OLT patients present with hepatic decompensation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-019-0795-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pearce
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, 3084, Australia. .,Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Unit, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | - R Hu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, 3084, Australia.,Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Unit, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - F Desmond
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - D Banyasz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - R Jones
- Department of Surgery, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Liver Transplant Service, Austin Hospital, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, Victoria, 3084, Australia
| | - C O Tan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Austin Health, 145 Studley Rd Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria, 3084, Australia.,Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine Unit, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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11
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Bridwell M, Handzel E, Hynes M, Jean-Louis R, Fitter D, Hogue C, Grand-Pierre R, Pierre H, Pearce B. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and maternal and neonatal outcomes in Haiti: the importance of surveillance and data collection. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:208. [PMID: 31221123 PMCID: PMC6585002 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to determine reported prevalence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with these disorders among women delivering at selected hospitals across Haiti. METHODS A retrospective review of 8822 singleton deliveries between January 2012 and December 2014 was conducted at four hospitals in separate Departments across Haiti. Researchers examined the proportion of women with reported HDP (hypertension, preeclampsia, eclampsia) and the association between women with HDP and three neonatal outcomes: low birth weight, preterm birth, and stillbirths; and two maternal outcomes: placental abruption and maternal death in Hôpital Albert Schweitzer (HAS). Odds ratios for associations between HDP and perinatal outcomes at HAS were assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 8822 singleton births included in the study, 510 (5.8%) had a reported HDP (including 285 (55.9%) preeclampsia, 119 (23.3%) eclampsia, and 106 (20.8%) hypertension). Prevalence of HDP among each hospital was: HAS (13.5%), Hôpital Immaculée Conception des Cayes (HIC) (3.2%), Fort Liberté (4.3%), and Hôpital Sacré Coeur de Milot (HSC) (3.0%). Among women at HAS with HDP, the adjusted odds of having a low birth weight baby was four times that of women without HDP (aOR 4.17, 95% CI 3.19-5.45), more than three times that for stillbirths (aOR 3.51, 95% CI 2.43-5.06), and five times as likely to result in maternal death (aOR 5.13, 95% CI 1.53-17.25). Among the three types of HDP, eclampsia was associated with the greatest odds of adverse events with five times the odds of having a low birth weight baby (aOR 5.00, 95% CI 2.84-8.79), six times the odds for stillbirths (aOR 6.34, 95% CI 3.40-11.82), and more than twelve times as likely to result in maternal death (aOR 12.70, 95% CI 2.33-69.31). CONCLUSIONS A high prevalence of HDP was found among a cohort of Haitian mothers. HDP was associated with higher rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in HAS, which is comparable to studies of HDP conducted in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bridwell
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Endang Handzel
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Hynes
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David Fitter
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carol Hogue
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Bradley Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Huang M, Su S, Goldberg J, Miller AH, Levantsevych OM, Shallenberger L, Pimple P, Pearce B, Bremner JD, Vaccarino V. Longitudinal association of inflammation with depressive symptoms: A 7-year cross-lagged twin difference study. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 75:200-207. [PMID: 30394311 PMCID: PMC6279462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The direction of the association between inflammation and depressive symptoms remains inconsistent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal relationship between inflammation and depressive symptoms, and to assess the role of genetic factors on this association. METHODS In this longitudinal cross-lagged twin difference study, we examined 166 (83 pairs) middle-aged male twins recruited from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry, who were assessed at baseline and after 7 years of follow-up. We assayed plasma levels of two inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and measured depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). To evaluate the direction of the association, we constructed multivariable mixed-effects regression models and calculated standardized beta-coefficients to compare the strength of the within-pair association for both pathways. We then conducted a stratified analysis by zygosity and assessed the associations in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs separately. RESULTS The 166 twins were 95% white and had a mean (SD) age of 54 (3) years at baseline. The cross-lagged analysis showed significant and positive associations from visit 1 IL-6 to visit 2 BDI across all models (beta-coefficients ranging from 0.18 to 0.22). However, the opposite pathway (visit 1 BDI to visit 2 IL-6) was not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. In contrast, visit 1 BDI was significantly associated with visit 2 CRP in all models (beta-coefficients ranging from 0.23 to 0.33), while the opposite pathway (visit 1 CRP to visit 2 BDI) showed no significant association. When stratifying by zygosity, significant associations from IL-6 to depression were only seen in monozygotic twins, but associations from depression to CRP were more robust in dizygotic twins, which implies that genetic factors may play a role in this association. CONCLUSIONS The association between inflammation and depression may be bidirectional. Elevated IL-6 levels are more likely to be a risk factor of depression rather than a consequence, while the opposite may be true for elevated CRP. The biological underpinnings of these bidirectional pathways need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxuan Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Jack Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, Vietnam Era Twin Registry, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew H. Miller
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Lucy Shallenberger
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pratik Pimple
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - J. Douglas Bremner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Corwin EJ, Hogue CJ, Pearce B, Hill CC, Read TD, Mulle J, Dunlop AL. Correction to: Protocol for the Emory University African American Vaginal, oral, and gut microbiome in pregnancy cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:395. [PMID: 29179694 PMCID: PMC5704355 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Corwin
- Emory University School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Carol J Hogue
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cherie C Hill
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Emory University School of Nursing and School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Corwin EJ, Hogue CJ, Pearce B, Hill CC, Read TD, Mulle J, Dunlop AL. Protocol for the Emory University African American Vaginal, Oral, and Gut Microbiome in Pregnancy Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17:161. [PMID: 28571577 PMCID: PMC5455081 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-017-1357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse birth and neonatal outcomes disproportionately affect African American women and infants compared to those of other races/ethnicities. While significant research has sought to identify underlying factors contributing to these disparities, current understanding remains limited, constraining prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. With the development of next generation sequencing techniques, the contribution of the vaginal microbiome to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes has come under consideration. However, most microbiome in pregnancy studies include few African American women, do not consider the potential contribution of non-vaginal microbiome sites, and do not consider the effects of sociodemographic or behavioral factors on the microbiome. Methods We conceived our on-going, 5-year longitudinal study, Biobehavioral Determinants of the Microbiome and Preterm Birth in Black Women, as an intra-race study to enable the investigation of risk and protective factors within the disparate group. We aim to recruit over 500 pregnant African American women, enrolling them into the study at 8–14 weeks of pregnancy. Participants will be asked to complete questionnaires and provide oral, vaginal, and gut microbiome samples at enrollment and again at 24–30 weeks. Chart review will be used to identify pregnancy outcomes, infections, treatments, and complications. DNA will be extracted from the microbiome samples and sequencing of the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene will be conducted. Processing and mapping will be completed with QIIME and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) will be mapped to Greengenes version 13_8. Community state types (CSTs) and diversity measures at each site and time will be identified and considered in light of demographic, psychosocial, clinical, and biobehavioral variables. Discussion This rich data set will allow future consideration of risk and protective factors, between and within groups of women, providing the opportunity to uncover the roots of the persistent health disparity experienced by African American families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Corwin
- Emory University School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Carol J Hogue
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cherie C Hill
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Emory University School of Nursing and School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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15
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Gray H, Pearce B, Thiele A, Rowe C. The use of preferred social stimuli as rewards for rhesus macaques in behavioural neuroscience. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178048. [PMID: 28542356 PMCID: PMC5444662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaques are often motivated to perform in neuroscientific experiments by implementing fluid restriction protocols. Daily access to water is controlled and the monkeys are rewarded with droplets of fluid for performing correct trials in the laboratory. Although these protocols are widely used and highly effective, it is important from a 3Rs perspective to investigate refinements that may help to lessen the severity of the fluid restriction applied. We assessed the use of social stimuli (images of conspecifics) as rewards for four rhesus macaques performing simple cognitive tasks. We found that individual preferences for images of male faces, female perinea and control stimuli could be identified in each monkey. However, using preferred images did not translate into effective motivators on a trial-by-trial basis: animals preferred fluid rewards, even when fluid restriction was relaxed. There was no difference in the monkeys' performance of a task when using greyscale versus colour images. Based on our findings, we cannot recommend the use of social stimuli, in this form, as a refinement to current fluid restriction protocols. We discuss the potential alternatives and possibilities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Gray
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thiele
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Candy Rowe
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Vohra RS, Pasquali S, Kirkham AJ, Marriott P, Johnstone M, Spreadborough P, Alderson D, Griffiths EA, Fenwick S, Elmasry M, Nunes Q, Kennedy D, Basit Khan R, Khan MAS, Magee CJ, Jones SM, Mason D, Parappally CP, Mathur P, Saunders M, Jamel S, Ul Haque S, Zafar S, Shiwani MH, Samuel N, Dar F, Jackson A, Lovett B, Dindyal S, Winter H, Fletcher T, Rahman S, Wheatley K, Nieto T, Ayaani S, Youssef H, Nijjar RS, Watkin H, Naumann D, Emeshi S, Sarmah PB, Lee K, Joji N, Heath J, Teasdale RL, Weerasinghe C, Needham PJ, Welbourn H, Forster L, Finch D, Blazeby JM, Robb W, McNair AGK, Hrycaiczuk A, Charalabopoulos A, Kadirkamanathan S, Tang CB, Jayanthi NVG, Noor N, Dobbins B, Cockbain AJ, Nilsen-Nunn A, Siqueira J, Pellen M, Cowley JB, Ho WM, Miu V, White TJ, Hodgkins KA, Kinghorn A, Tutton MG, Al-Abed YA, Menzies D, Ahmad A, Reed J, Khan S, Monk D, Vitone LJ, Murtaza G, Joel A, Brennan S, Shier D, Zhang C, Yoganathan T, Robinson SJ, McCallum IJD, Jones MJ, Elsayed M, Tuck L, Wayman J, Carney K, Aroori S, Hosie KB, Kimble A, Bunting DM, Fawole AS, Basheer M, Dave RV, Sarveswaran J, Jones E, Kendal C, Tilston MP, Gough M, Wallace T, Singh S, Downing J, Mockford KA, Issa E, Shah N, Chauhan N, Wilson TR, Forouzanfar A, Wild JRL, Nofal E, Bunnell C, Madbak K, Rao STV, Devoto L, Siddiqi N, Khawaja Z, Hewes JC, Gould L, Chambers A, Urriza Rodriguez D, Sen G, Robinson S, Carney K, Bartlett F, Rae DM, Stevenson TEJ, Sarvananthan K, Dwerryhouse SJ, Higgs SM, Old OJ, Hardy TJ, Shah R, Hornby ST, Keogh K, Frank L, Al-Akash M, Upchurch EA, Frame RJ, Hughes M, Jelley C, Weaver S, Roy S, Sillo TO, Galanopoulos G, Cuming T, Cunha P, Tayeh S, Kaptanis S, Heshaishi M, Eisawi A, Abayomi M, Ngu WS, Fleming K, Singh Bajwa D, Chitre V, Aryal K, Ferris P, Silva M, Lammy S, Mohamed S, Khawaja A, Hussain A, Ghazanfar MA, Bellini MI, Ebdewi H, Elshaer M, Gravante G, Drake B, Ogedegbe A, Mukherjee D, Arhi C, Giwa Nusrat Iqbal L, Watson NF, Kumar Aggarwal S, Orchard P, Villatoro E, Willson PD, Wa K, Mok J, Woodman T, Deguara J, Garcea G, Babu BI, Dennison AR, Malde D, Lloyd D, Satheesan S, Al-Taan O, Boddy A, Slavin JP, Jones RP, Ballance L, Gerakopoulos S, Jambulingam P, Mansour S, Sakai N, Acharya V, Sadat MM, Karim L, Larkin D, Amin K, Khan A, Law J, Jamdar S, Smith SR, Sampat K, M O'shea K, Manu M, Asprou FM, Malik NS, Chang J, Johnstone M, Lewis M, Roberts GP, Karavadra B, Photi E, Hewes J, Gould L, Chambers A, Rodriguez D, O'Reilly DA, Rate AJ, Sekhar H, Henderson LT, Starmer BZ, Coe PO, Tolofari S, Barrie J, Bashir G, Sloane J, Madanipour S, Halkias C, Trevatt AEJ, Borowski DW, Hornsby J, Courtney MJ, Virupaksha S, Seymour K, Robinson S, Hawkins H, Bawa S, Gallagher PV, Reid A, Wood P, Finch JG, Parmar J, Stirland E, Gardner-Thorpe J, Al-Muhktar A, Peterson M, Majeed A, Bajwa FM, Martin J, Choy A, Tsang A, Pore N, Andrew DR, Al-Khyatt W, Taylor C, Bhandari S, Chambers A, Subramanium D, Toh SKC, Carter NC, Mercer SJ, Knight B, Tate S, Pearce B, Wainwright D, Vijay V, Alagaratnam S, Sinha S, Khan S, El-Hasani SS, Hussain AA, Bhattacharya V, Kansal N, Fasih T, Jackson C, Siddiqui MN, Chishti IA, Fordham IJ, Siddiqui Z, Bausbacher H, Geogloma I, Gurung K, Tsavellas G, Basynat P, Kiran Shrestha A, Basu S, Chhabra Mohan Harilingam A, Rabie M, Akhtar M, Kumar P, Jafferbhoy SF, Hussain N, Raza S, Haque M, Alam I, Aseem R, Patel S, Asad M, Booth MI, Ball WR, Wood CPJ, Pinho-Gomes AC, Kausar A, Rami Obeidallah M, Varghase J, Lodhia J, Bradley D, Rengifo C, Lindsay D, Gopalswamy S, Finlay I, Wardle S, Bullen N, Iftikhar SY, Awan A, Ahmed J, Leeder P, Fusai G, Bond-Smith G, Psica A, Puri Y, Hou D, Noble F, Szentpali K, Broadhurst J, Date R, Hossack MR, Li Goh Y, Turner P, Shetty V, Riera M, Macano CAW, Sukha A, Preston SR, Hoban JR, Puntis DJ, Williams SV, Krysztopik R, Kynaston J, Batt J, Doe M, Goscimski A, Jones GH, Smith SR, Hall C, Carty N, Ahmed J, Panteleimonitis S, Gunasekera RT, Sheel ARG, Lennon H, Hindley C, Reddy M, Kenny R, Elkheir N, McGlone ER, Rajaganeshan R, Hancorn K, Hargreaves A, Prasad R, Longbotham DA, Vijayanand D, Wijetunga I, Ziprin P, Nicolay CR, Yeldham G, Read E, Gossage JA, Rolph RC, Ebied H, Phull M, Khan MA, Popplewell M, Kyriakidis D, Hussain A, Henley N, Packer JR, Derbyshire L, Porter J, Appleton S, Farouk M, Basra M, Jennings NA, Ali S, Kanakala V, Ali H, Lane R, Dickson-Lowe R, Zarsadias P, Mirza D, Puig S, Al Amari K, Vijayan D, Sutcliffe R, Marudanayagam R, Hamady Z, Prasad AR, Patel A, Durkin D, Kaur P, Bowen L, Byrne JP, Pearson KL, Delisle TG, Davies J, Tomlinson MA, Johnpulle MA, Slawinski C, Macdonald A, Nicholson J, Newton K, Mbuvi J, Farooq A, Sidhartha Mothe B, Zafrani Z, Brett D, Francombe J, Spreadborough P, Barnes J, Cheung M, Al-Bahrani AZ, Preziosi G, Urbonas T, Alberts J, Mallik M, Patel K, Segaran A, Doulias T, Sufi PA, Yao C, Pollock S, Manzelli A, Wajed S, Kourkulos M, Pezzuto R, Wadley M, Hamilton E, Jaunoo S, Padwick R, Sayegh M, Newton RC, Hebbar M, Farag SF, Spearman J, Hamdan MF, D'Costa C, Blane C, Giles M, Peter MB, Hirst NA, Hossain T, Pannu A, El-Dhuwaib Y, Morrison TEM, Taylor GW, Thompson RLE, McCune K, Loughlin P, Lawther R, Byrnes CK, Simpson DJ, Mawhinney A, Warren C, McKay D, McIlmunn C, Martin S, MacArtney M, Diamond T, Davey P, Jones C, Clements JM, Digney R, Chan WM, McCain S, Gull S, Janeczko A, Dorrian E, Harris A, Dawson S, Johnston D, McAree B, Ghareeb E, Thomas G, Connelly M, McKenzie S, Cieplucha K, Spence G, Campbell W, Hooks G, Bradley N, Hill ADK, Cassidy JT, Boland M, Burke P, Nally DM, Hill ADK, Khogali E, Shabo W, Iskandar E, McEntee GP, O'Neill MA, Peirce C, Lyons EM, O'Sullivan AW, Thakkar R, Carroll P, Ivanovski I, Balfe P, Lee M, Winter DC, Kelly ME, Hoti E, Maguire D, Karunakaran P, Geoghegan JG, Martin ST, McDermott F, Cross KS, Cooke F, Zeeshan S, Murphy JO, Mealy K, Mohan HM, Nedujchelyn Y, Fahad Ullah M, Ahmed I, Giovinazzo F, Milburn J, Prince S, Brooke E, Buchan J, Khalil AM, Vaughan EM, Ramage MI, Aldridge RC, Gibson S, Nicholson GA, Vass DG, Grant AJ, Holroyd DJ, Jones MA, Sutton CMLR, O'Dwyer P, Nilsson F, Weber B, Williamson TK, Lalla K, Bryant A, Carter CR, Forrest CR, Hunter DI, Nassar AH, Orizu MN, Knight K, Qandeel H, Suttie S, Belding R, McClarey A, Boyd AT, Guthrie GJK, Lim PJ, Luhmann A, Watson AJM, Richards CH, Nicol L, Madurska M, Harrison E, Boyce KM, Roebuck A, Ferguson G, Pati P, Wilson MSJ, Dalgaty F, Fothergill L, Driscoll PJ, Mozolowski KL, Banwell V, Bennett SP, Rogers PN, Skelly BL, Rutherford CL, Mirza AK, Lazim T, Lim HCC, Duke D, Ahmed T, Beasley WD, Wilkinson MD, Maharaj G, Malcolm C, Brown TH, Shingler GM, Mowbray N, Radwan R, Morcous P, Wood S, Kadhim A, Stewart DJ, Baker AL, Tanner N, Shenoy H, Hafiz S, Marchi JA, Singh-Ranger D, Hisham E, Ainley P, O'Neill S, Terrace J, Napetti S, Hopwood B, Rhys T, Downing J, Kanavati O, Coats M, Aleksandrov D, Kallaway C, Yahya S, Weber B, Templeton A, Trotter M, Lo C, Dhillon A, Heywood N, Aawsaj Y, Hamdan A, Reece-Bolton O, McGuigan A, Shahin Y, Ali A, Luther A, Nicholson JA, Rajendran I, Boal M, Ritchie J. Population-based cohort study of variation in the use of emergency cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases. Br J Surg 2016; 103:1716-1726. [PMID: 27748962 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aims of this prospective population-based cohort study were to identify the patient and hospital characteristics associated with emergency cholecystectomy, and the influences of these in determining variations between hospitals.
Methods
Data were collected for consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy in acute UK and Irish hospitals between 1 March and 1 May 2014. Potential explanatory variables influencing the performance of emergency cholecystectomy were analysed by means of multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling using a two-level hierarchical structure with patients (level 1) nested within hospitals (level 2).
Results
Data were collected on 4744 cholecystectomies from 165 hospitals. Increasing age, lower ASA fitness grade, biliary colic, the need for further imaging (magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), endoscopic interventions (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) and admission to a non-biliary centre significantly reduced the likelihood of an emergency cholecystectomy being performed. The multilevel model was used to calculate the probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy for a woman aged 40 years or over with an ASA grade of I or II and a BMI of at least 25·0 kg/m2, who presented with acute cholecystitis with an ultrasound scan showing a thick-walled gallbladder and a normal common bile duct. The mean predicted probability of receiving an emergency cholecystectomy was 0·52 (95 per cent c.i. 0·45 to 0·57). The predicted probabilities ranged from 0·02 to 0·95 across the 165 hospitals, demonstrating significant variation between hospitals.
Conclusion
Patients with similar characteristics presenting to different hospitals with acute gallbladder pathology do not receive comparable care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R S Vohra
- Trent Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Pasquali
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - A J Kirkham
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Marriott
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Johnstone
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Spreadborough
- West Midlands Research Collaborative, Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Alderson
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - E A Griffiths
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Fenwick
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elmasry
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Q Nunes
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Kennedy
- Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - D Mason
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital
| | | | | | | | - S Jamel
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - S Zafar
- Barnet and Chase Farm Hospital
| | | | - N Samuel
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | - F Dar
- Barnsley District General Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wheatley
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - T Nieto
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Ayaani
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - H Youssef
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - H Watkin
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - D Naumann
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - S Emeshi
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | | | - K Lee
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - N Joji
- Heart of England Foundation NHS Trust
| | - J Heath
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R L Teasdale
- Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - P J Needham
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Welbourn
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Forster
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Finch
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W Robb
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B Dobbins
- Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - M Pellen
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | | | - W-M Ho
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - V Miu
- Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust
| | - T J White
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K A Hodgkins
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| | - A Kinghorn
- Chesterfield Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M G Tutton
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| | - Y A Al-Abed
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| | - D Menzies
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| | - A Ahmad
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| | - J Reed
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| | - S Khan
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| | - D Monk
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| | - L J Vitone
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Murtaza
- Countess of Chester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Joel
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| | | | - D Shier
- Croydon Health Services NHS Trust
| | - C Zhang
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| | | | | | | | - M J Jones
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - M Elsayed
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - L Tuck
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | - J Wayman
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| | - K Carney
- North Cumbria University Hospitals Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M P Tilston
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| | - M Gough
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| | - T Wallace
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| | - S Singh
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| | - N Shah
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| | - T R Wilson
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| | - A Forouzanfar
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| | - E Nofal
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| | - C Bunnell
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| | - K Madbak
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| | - S T V Rao
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| | - L Devoto
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| | - N Siddiqi
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| | - Z Khawaja
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D M Rae
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| | | | | | | | | | - O J Old
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| | | | - R Shah
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| | | | - K Keogh
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| | - L Frank
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| | - M Al-Akash
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| | | | - R J Frame
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| | - M Hughes
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jelley
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - T Cuming
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - P Cunha
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Tayeh
- Homerton University Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - A Eisawi
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - W S Ngu
- Tees Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - V Chitre
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Aryal
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Ferris
- Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H Ebdewi
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Elshaer
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Gravante
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Drake
- Kettering General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Ogedegbe
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - D Mukherjee
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - C Arhi
- Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Wa
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Mok
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Woodman
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Deguara
- Kingston Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G Garcea
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - B I Babu
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - D Malde
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - D Lloyd
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | | | - O Al-Taan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - A Boddy
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust
| | - J P Slavin
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R P Jones
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Ballance
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Gerakopoulos
- Leighton Hospital, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Jambulingam
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Mansour
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Sakai
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Acharya
- Luton and Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M M Sadat
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - L Karim
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - D Larkin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - K Amin
- Macclesfield District General Hospital
| | - A Khan
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Law
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Jamdar
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S R Smith
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Sampat
- Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Manu
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - N S Malik
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - J Chang
- Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - M Lewis
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - G P Roberts
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - B Karavadra
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - E Photi
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J Hornsby
- North Tees and Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - K Seymour
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Robinson
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Hawkins
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Bawa
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - A Reid
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Wood
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J G Finch
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
| | - J Parmar
- Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | | | - A Al-Muhktar
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Peterson
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Majeed
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - A Choy
- Peterborough City Hospital
| | | | - N Pore
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - C Taylor
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Tate
- Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - V Vijay
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | - S Sinha
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | - S Khan
- The Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust
| | | | - A A Hussain
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - N Kansal
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Fasih
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Jackson
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - K Gurung
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital NHS Trust
| | - G Tsavellas
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Basynat
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - S Basu
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - M Rabie
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Akhtar
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Kumar
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - N Hussain
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Raza
- Burton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Haque
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - I Alam
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - R Aseem
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - S Patel
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M Asad
- Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan Wrightington and Leigh NHS Trust
| | - M I Booth
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - W R Ball
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust
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- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Lodhia
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Bradley
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Rengifo
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Lindsay
- Royal Bolton Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Awan
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Leeder
- Royal Derby NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - D Hou
- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - F Noble
- Hampshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - R Date
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M R Hossack
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Y Li Goh
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - P Turner
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Shetty
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - S R Preston
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J R Hoban
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D J Puntis
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S V Williams
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - J Batt
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
| | - M Doe
- Royal United Hospital Bath NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - C Hall
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N Carty
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | - J Ahmed
- Salisbury Hospital Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - H Lennon
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - C Hindley
- Southport and Ormskirk Hospital NHS Trust
| | - M Reddy
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - R Kenny
- St George's Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | - K Hancorn
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - A Hargreaves
- St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - P Ziprin
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | - G Yeldham
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - E Read
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | | | | | | | | | - M A Khan
- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - A Hussain
- Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Ali
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
| | - V Kanakala
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
| | - H Ali
- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
| | - R Lane
- Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone NHS Trust
| | | | | | - D Mirza
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Puig
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Al Amari
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - D Vijayan
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R Sutcliffe
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | - Z Hamady
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - A R Prasad
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - A Patel
- University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
| | - D Durkin
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - P Kaur
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - L Bowen
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
| | - J P Byrne
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K L Pearson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T G Delisle
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Davies
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - A Macdonald
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Nicholson
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Newton
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Mbuvi
- University Hospital South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Farooq
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | - Z Zafrani
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - D Brett
- Warrington and Halton Hospitals NHS Trust
| | | | | | - J Barnes
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Cheung
- South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Wadley
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - E Hamilton
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - S Jaunoo
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - R Padwick
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - M Sayegh
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R C Newton
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Hebbar
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S F Farag
- Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | - C Blane
- Yeovil District Hospital NHS Trust
| | - M Giles
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M B Peter
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - N A Hirst
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - T Hossain
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - A Pannu
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | - G W Taylor
- York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Diamond
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - P Davey
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - C Jones
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - J M Clements
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - R Digney
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - W M Chan
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S McCain
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S Gull
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - A Janeczko
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - E Dorrian
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - A Harris
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - S Dawson
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - D Johnston
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | - B McAree
- Belfast City Hospital, Mater Infirmorum Hospital Belfast and Royal Victoria Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Burke
- University Hospital Limerick
| | | | - A D K Hill
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Khogali
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - W Shabo
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | - E Iskandar
- Louth County Hospital and Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - P Balfe
- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - M Lee
- St Luke's General Hospital Kilkenny
| | - D C Winter
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - M E Kelly
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - E Hoti
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - D Maguire
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - P Karunakaran
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - J G Geoghegan
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - S T Martin
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | - F McDermott
- St Vincent's University and Private Hospitals, Dublin
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Gibson
- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
| | | | - D G Vass
- Crosshouse Hospital, Ayrshire and Arran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - H C C Lim
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - D Duke
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - T Ahmed
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - W D Beasley
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | | | - G Maharaj
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | - C Malcolm
- Glangwili General and Prince Philip Hospital
| | | | | | | | - R Radwan
- Morriston and Singleton Hospitals
| | | | - S Wood
- Princess of Wales Hospital
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Ding X, Krieger A, Pearce B, Aston S, Hurlbert A, Brainard D, Radonjic A. Illumination discrimination in the absence of a fixed surface reflectance layout. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Hurlbert A, Aston S, Pearce B. Is that really #thedress? Individual variations in colour constancy for real illuminations and objects. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Radonjic A, Pearce B, Aston S, Krieger A, Dubin H, Cottaris NP, Brainard DH, Hurlbert AC. Illumination discrimination in real and simulated scenes. J Vis 2016; 16:2. [PMID: 28558392 PMCID: PMC5024666 DOI: 10.1167/16.11.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing humans' ability to discriminate changes in illumination provides information about the visual system's representation of the distal stimulus. We have previously shown that humans are able to discriminate illumination changes and that sensitivity to such changes depends on their chromatic direction. Probing illumination discrimination further would be facilitated by the use of computer-graphics simulations, which would, in practice, enable a wider range of stimulus manipulations. There is no a priori guarantee, however, that results obtained with simulated scenes generalize to real illuminated scenes. To investigate this question, we measured illumination discrimination in real and simulated scenes that were well-matched in mean chromaticity and scene geometry. Illumination discrimination thresholds were essentially identical for the two stimulus types. As in our previous work, these thresholds varied with illumination change direction. We exploited the flexibility offered by the use of graphics simulations to investigate whether the differences across direction are preserved when the surfaces in the scene are varied. We show that varying the scene's surface ensemble in a manner that also changes mean scene chromaticity modulates the relative sensitivity to illumination changes along different chromatic directions. Thus, any characterization of sensitivity to changes in illumination must be defined relative to the set of surfaces in the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Radonjic
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ://www.sas.upenn.edu/~radonjic/
| | - Bradley Pearce
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne,
| | - Stacey Aston
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, ://staceyaston.com/
| | - Avery Krieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Hilary Dubin
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
| | - Nicolas P Cottaris
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ://color.psych.upenn.edu/people/nicolas-p-cottaris
| | - David H Brainard
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, ://color.psych.upenn.edu/people/brainard
| | - Anya C Hurlbert
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, ://www.ncl.ac.uk/ion/staff/profile/anyahurlbert.html
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Pearce B. Gluteus medius kinesio-taping: the effect on torso-pelvic separation, ball flight distance and accuracy during the golf swing. S Afr j sports med 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/2413-3108/2015/v27i4a1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The kinesio-taping method, which is becoming increasingly popular, may provide support and stability to joints and muscles without inhibiting range of motion. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of kinesio-taping of the gluteus medius muscle on x-factor (torsopelvic separation), ball flight distance and accuracy (smash factor ratio). A specific aim was to determine whether a correlation exists between hip abduction strength and x-factor, ball distance and accuracy. Methods. This study is a one group pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design which took place at a golf facility. Twentynine amateur golfers with handicap of scratch ±2, who were between the ages of 18- and 25-years, participated in this study. Biomechanical outcomes were recorded with and without kinesio-tape applied on the gluteus medius muscle of the trail leg. Biomechanical golf swing analysis with the iClub™ Body Motion System determined the x-factor at the top of the backswing. Ball flight distance and accuracy were measured with FlightScope® and dominant hip abduction strength was measured with the MicroFET Hand-held Dynamometer. Results. Kinesio-tape is effective in improving the relative hip abduction strength (p<0.001), although the effect size was small (Cohen’s d=0.24). With regard to the biomechanical outcome measures, namely x-factor (p=0.28), ball flight distance (p=0.53) and accuracy (p=0.1), there was no significant improvement. Conclusion: Even though the relative hip abduction strength was improved, there was no effect on golf swing biomechanics. This can be explained due to the fact that x-factor, ball flight distance and accuracy are dependent on a combination of body movements to produce the golf swing. Keywords. Golf, X-factor, pelvic stability, taping
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Abdul-Haqq R, Novak Z, Pearce B, Matthews T, Patterson M, Jordan W, Passman M. Is Routine Follow-up Surveillance of Iliac Vein Stents for Iliocaval Venous Obstruction Necessary? J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2015.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Weinberg L, Pearce B, Sullivan R, Siu L, Scurrah N, Tan C, Backstrom M, Nikfarjam M, McNicol L, Story D, Christophi C, Bellomo R. The effects of plasmalyte-148 vs. Hartmann's solution during major liver resection: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81:1288-1297. [PMID: 25407026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acid-base, biochemical and hematological effects of crystalloid solutions have not been comprehensively evaluated in patients with liver resection. DESIGN multicenter, prospective, double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating the biochemical effects of Hartmann's solution (HS) or Plasmalyte-148 (PL) in 60 patients undergoing major liver resection. PRIMARY OUTCOME base excess immediately after surgery. SECONDARY OUTCOMES changes in blood biochemistry and hematology. RESULTS At completion of surgery, patients receiving HS had equivalent mean standard base excess (-1.7±2.2 vs. -0.9±2.3 meq/L; P=0.17) to those treated with PL. However, patients treated with HS were more hyperchloremic (difference 1.7 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.2 to 3.2, P=0.03) and hyperlactatemic (difference 0.8 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3; P=0.01). In contrast, patients receiving PL had higher mean plasma magnesium levels and lower ionized calcium levels. There were no significant differences in pH, bicarbonate, albumin and phosphate levels. Immediately after surgery, mean PT and aPTT were significantly lower in the PL group. Intraoperatively, the median (IQR) blood loss in the PL group was 300 mL (200:413) vs. 500 mL (300:638) in the HS group (P=0.03). Correspondingly, the postoperative hemoglobin was higher in the PL group. Total complications were more frequent in the HS Group (56% vs. 20%, relative risk 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3 to 6.1; P=0.007). CONCLUSION In liver resection patients, HS and PL led to similar base excess values but different post operative plasma biochemistry and hematology values. Understanding of these effects may help clinicians individualize fluid therapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Weinberg
- Department of Anesthesia, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia -
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Cranwell MB, Pearce B, Loveridge C, Hurlbert AC. Performance on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test Is Significantly Related to Nonverbal IQ. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2015; 56:3171-8. [PMID: 26024100 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test (FM100) is a standardized measure of chromatic discrimination, based on colored cap-sorting, which has been widely used in both adults and children. Its dependence on seriation ability raises questions as to its universal suitability and accuracy in assessing purely sensory discrimination. This study investigates how general intellectual ability relates to performance on both the FM100 and a new computer-based chromatic discrimination threshold test, across different age groups in both typical and atypical development. METHODS Participants were divided into two main age groups, children (6-15 years) and young adults (16-25 years), with each group further subdivided into typically developing (TD; three groups; TD 6-7 years, TD 8-9 years, TD Adult) individuals and atypically developing individuals, all but one carrying a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; two groups; atypically developing [ATY] child 7-15 years, ASD Adult). General intelligence was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. All participants completed the FM100. Both child groups also completed a computer-based chromatic discrimination threshold test, which assessed discrimination along cone-opponent ("red-green," "blue-yellow") and luminance cardinal axes using a controlled staircase procedure. RESULTS Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue test performance was better in adults than in children. Furthermore, performance significantly positively correlated with nonverbal intelligence quotient (NVIQ) for all child groups and the young adult ASD group. The slope of this relationship was steeper for the ASD than TD groups. Performance on the chromatic discrimination threshold test was not significantly related to any IQ measure. Regression models reveal that chromatic discrimination threshold, although a significant predictor of FM100 performance when used alone, is a weaker predictor than NVIQ used alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that FM100 performance is not purely a measure of color discrimination but instead also reflects general nonverbal ability. Other measures of chromatic discrimination ability are therefore required for its accurate assessment, particularly in early or atypical development.
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Krieger A, Dubin H, Pearce B, Aston S, Hurlbert A, Brainard D, Radonjic A. Illumination discrimination depends on scene surface ensemble. J Vis 2015. [DOI: 10.1167/15.12.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pearce B, Olivier B, Mtshali S, Becker PJ. Gluteus medius kinesio-taping: The effect on torso-pelvic separation, ball flight distance and accuracy during the golf swing. S Afr j sports med 2015. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2015/v27i4a422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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26
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Pearce B, Radonji A, Dubin H, Cottaris NP, Mackiewicz M, Finlayson G, Brainard DH, Hurlbert A. Illumination Discrimination Reveals "Blue" Bias of Colour Constancy in Real and Simulated Scenes. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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27
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Hurlbert A, Pearce B, Mackiewicz M, Finlayson G. Colour Constancy in Immersive Viewing. J Vis 2014. [DOI: 10.1167/14.10.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Wright S, Pearce B, Snowden C, Anderson H, Wallis J. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after blood transfusion: a prospective clinical study. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:91-6. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Finlayson G, Mackiewicz M, Hurlbert A, Pearce B, Crichton S. On calculating metamer sets for spectrally tunable LED illuminators. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2014; 31:1577-1587. [PMID: 25121446 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Solid state lighting is becoming a popular light source for color vision experiments. One of the advantages of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is the possibility to shape the target light spectrum according to the experimenter's needs. In this paper, we present a method for creating metameric lights with an LED-based spectrally tunable illuminator. The equipment we use consists of six Gamma Scientific RS-5B lamps, each containing nine different LEDs and a 1 m integrating sphere. We provide a method for describing the (almost) entire set of illuminant metamers. It will be shown that the main difficulty in describing this set arises as the result of the intensity dependent peak-wavelength shift, which is manifested by the majority of the LEDs used by the illuminators of this type. We define the normalized metamer set describing all illuminator spectra that colorimetrically match a given chromaticity. Finally, we describe a method for choosing the smoothest or least smooth metamer from the entire set.
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Pearce B, Crichton S, Mackiewicz M, Finlayson GD, Hurlbert A. Chromatic illumination discrimination ability reveals that human colour constancy is optimised for blue daylight illuminations. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87989. [PMID: 24586299 PMCID: PMC3929610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of colour constancy in human visual perception keeps surface colours constant, despite changes in their reflected light due to changing illumination. Although colour constancy has evolved under a constrained subset of illuminations, it is unknown whether its underlying mechanisms, thought to involve multiple components from retina to cortex, are optimised for particular environmental variations. Here we demonstrate a new method for investigating colour constancy using illumination matching in real scenes which, unlike previous methods using surface matching and simulated scenes, allows testing of multiple, real illuminations. We use real scenes consisting of solid familiar or unfamiliar objects against uniform or variegated backgrounds and compare discrimination performance for typical illuminations from the daylight chromaticity locus (approximately blue-yellow) and atypical spectra from an orthogonal locus (approximately red-green, at correlated colour temperature 6700 K), all produced in real time by a 10-channel LED illuminator. We find that discrimination of illumination changes is poorer along the daylight locus than the atypical locus, and is poorest particularly for bluer illumination changes, demonstrating conversely that surface colour constancy is best for blue daylight illuminations. Illumination discrimination is also enhanced, and therefore colour constancy diminished, for uniform backgrounds, irrespective of the object type. These results are not explained by statistical properties of the scene signal changes at the retinal level. We conclude that high-level mechanisms of colour constancy are biased for the blue daylight illuminations and variegated backgrounds to which the human visual system has typically been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Pearce
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Crichton
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, England, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Mackiewicz
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, United Kingdom
| | - Graham D. Finlayson
- School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, United Kingdom
| | - Anya Hurlbert
- Institute of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, England, United Kingdom
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Abstract
A number of recent investigators have hypothesised a link between autism, left-handedness, and brain laterality. Their findings have varied widely, in part because these studies have relied on different methodologies and definitions. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the literature, with the hypothesis that there would be an association between autism and laterality that would be moderated by handedness, sex, age, brain region studied, and level of autism. From a broad search resulting in 259 papers, 54 were identified for inclusion in the literature review. This list was narrowed further to include only studies reporting results in the inferior frontal gyrus for meta-analysis, resulting in four papers. The meta-analysis found a moderate but non-significant effect size of group on lateralisation, suggesting a decrease in strength of lateralisation in the autistic group, a trend supported by the literature review. A subgroup analysis of sex and a meta-regression of handedness showed that these moderating variables did not have a significant effect on this relationship. Although the results are not conclusive, there appears to be a trend towards a relationship between autism and lateralisation. However, more rigorous studies with better controls and clearer reporting of definitions and results are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Preslar
- a Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology , Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
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32
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Yeung KS, Qiu Z, Yin Z, Trehan A, Fang H, Pearce B, Yang Z, Zadjura L, D’Arienzo CJ, Riccardi K, Shi PY, Spicer TP, Gong YF, Browning MR, Hansel S, Santone K, Barker J, Coulter T, Lin PF, Meanwell NA, Kadow JF. Inhibitors of HIV-1 attachment. Part 8: The effect of C7-heteroaryl substitution on the potency, and in vitro and in vivo profiles of indole-based inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pearce B, Crichton S, Mackiewicz M, Finlayson G, Hurlbert A. Colour Constancy by Illumination Matching in Real World Scenes. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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34
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Crichton S, Pearce B, Mackiewicz M, Finlayson G, Hurlbert A. The illumination correction bias of the human visual system. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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35
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Abstract
The gut contents of 90 individuals of common dragonet Callionymus lyra were analysed, of which 76 contained prey, along with 100 corresponding benthic grab samples in order to assess the diet of C. lyra in relation to the availability of its prey in the environment. Forty-five prey taxa were identified in the diet from 350 potential prey taxa identified in the environment. Calculation of the index of relative importance (I(RI)) found the main food components were crustaceans (%I(RI) = 86·3), mostly the porcelain crab Pisidia longicornis (%I(RI) = 43) and other decapods (%I(RI) = 18). Polychaetes played only a supplementary role in the overall diet (%I(RI) = 12·5). This study demonstrated that C. lyra is predominantly an opportunistic feeder that can modify its feeding behaviour to exploit alternative, more abundant prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Griffin
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pearce
- University Hospital North, Durham, UK E-mail:
| | - A Holtham
- University Hospital North, Durham, UK E-mail:
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37
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Abstract
Establishing an acceptable safety and efficacy profile for hemoglobin based oxygen carriers, HBOCs, is essential. Understanding the data that describes an HBOC "safety profile" requires consideration beyond counting "events" typically associated with intent to treat analysis. The imputation of causation from numerical counts alone, without clinical context, is an incomplete description of a complex situation. Clinical contextualization provides a greater understanding of the clinico-pathological processes involved. Generating alternative hypotheses for the origin of the events, apart from the drug, patient co-morbidities, situational and disease demands, could include protocol design, failure to provide mitigation strategies, patient management issues, or inadequate education of investigators. How clinical contextualization can provide insight for the interpretation of significant safety profile events is discussed in the context of a large phase III clinical trial where an appreciation of factors underlying the differences between intent to treat analysis and other approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Greenburg
- Biopure Corporation, 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, MA 02141, U.S.A.
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38
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Abstract
Clinically significant liver damage in patients taking therapeutic doses of paracetamol is very rare. We report two cases of fulminant hepatic failure caused by therapeutic (4 g x day(-1)) paracetamol administration on our Intensive Care Unit. Both patients had a muscular dystrophy and presented with a chest infection on a background of endstage neuromuscular respiratory failure. We also noted one further similar case in the literature and suggest a relationship between muscular dystrophy and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. In this report we discuss in detail possible mechanisms that may account for this apparent association, which include altered pharmacokinetics, reduced glutathione stores, malnutrition and hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pearce
- Cumberland Infirmary, Newtown Road, Carlisle, CA2 7HY, UK.
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39
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Pearce B, Drummond GB. Diagnosing and quantifying incomplete expiration in patients with lung disease. Br J Anaesth 2007; 99:596-7. [PMID: 17827189 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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40
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Naikar N, Moylan A, Pearce B. Analysing activity in complex systems with cognitive work analysis: concepts, guidelines and case study for control task analysis. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220500098821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Zaoutis T, Naftel D, Chrisant M, Kaufman B, Pearce B, Spicer R, Harris T, Webber S. 125. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.11.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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42
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Cianci C, Yu KL, Combrink K, Sin N, Pearce B, Wang A, Civiello R, Voss S, Luo G, Kadow K, Genovesi EV, Venables B, Gulgeze H, Trehan A, James J, Lamb L, Medina I, Roach J, Yang Z, Zadjura L, Colonno R, Clark J, Meanwell N, Krystal M. Orally active fusion inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:413-22. [PMID: 14742189 PMCID: PMC321540 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.2.413-422.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 10/09/2003] [Accepted: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BMS-433771 was found to be a potent inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication in vitro. It exhibited excellent potency against multiple laboratory and clinical isolates of both group A and B viruses, with an average 50% effective concentration of 20 nM. Mechanism-of-action studies demonstrated that BMS-433771 inhibits the fusion of lipid membranes during both the early virus entry stage and late-stage syncytium formation. After isolation of resistant viruses, resistance was mapped to a series of single amino acid mutations in the F1 subunit of the fusion protein. Upon oral administration, BMS-433771 was able to reduce viral titers in the lungs of mice infected with RSV. This new class of orally active RSV fusion inhibitors offers potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cianci
- The Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, USA
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Segieth J, Pearce B, Fowler L, Whitton PS. Regulatory role of nitric oxide over hippocampal 5-HT release in vivo. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2001; 363:302-6. [PMID: 11284445 DOI: 10.1007/s002100000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation decreases 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release in the hippocampus of freely moving rats. Given the association between NMDA receptor function and nitric oxide (NO) production with the regulation of 5-HT release in other brain regions, we have studied this in rat hippocampus. NMDA (100 microM) decreased hippocampal 5-HT release by approximately 70% and this was reversed by the NMDA receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5; 10 microM). The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) had an inverse concentration-dependent effect on 5-HT release. At 500 microM, SNAP elevated dialysate 5-HT by 55% over basal, while at 5 mM a 70% decrease was seen. The non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) at 1 mM increased extracellular 5-HT, although a return to basal levels occurred despite the continued presence of the drug. At 1 mM L-NAME prevented the decrease in 5-HT elicited by NMDA (100 microM) infusion. 7-Nitroindazole (7-NI), a relatively selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor, decreased extracellular 5-HT at 100 microM and 1 mM. When 100 microM 7-NI was infused for 60 min prior to NMDA, 5-HT levels were transiently increased above basal before returning to control levels. Following combined application of the two drugs, no decrease in dialysate 5-HT was seen. Our data support a role for NO in modulating both basal and NMDA-evoked changes in 5-HT release in the hippocampus, however, the association appears to be complex. It may be that the recorded changes in 5-HT release are secondary to changes in the release of amino acid transmitters which we have previously found to be dependent on the prevailing extracellular NO concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Segieth
- Department of Pharmacology, The School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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44
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Abstract
Infusion of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the hippocampus of freely moving rats produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the extracellular levels of dopamine, an effect which was reversed by D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (D-AP5). To determine the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in this response, two nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), were examined for their ability to modify both basal and NMDA-inhibited dopamine release. When infused alone both NOS inhibitors elicited an increase in extracellular dopamine concentration, moreover, when administered prior to the application of NMDA, the agonist failed to elicit a decrease in dopamine levels. Infusion of the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) over a 30 min period caused either an increase or a decrease in dopamine release depending upon the concentration used. At the lower concentration (0.5 mM) SNAP promoted dopamine release whilst at the higher concentration (5 mM), the donor elicited a long lasting reduction in basal dopamine levels. The effect of the lower concentration of SNAP was reversed by the prior application of D-AP5, but that of the higher concentration was unaffected by the antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Segieth
- Pharmacology Department, The School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein, which gives rise to the A beta polypeptide found in senile plaques in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease, is a member of a family of proteins which includes amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2). To date, little is known of the involvement of this protein in Alzheimer's disease or any other neurodegenerative condition. The present study set out to determine whether APLP2 expression could be modified in cultured rat cortical neurones exposed to an excitotoxic insult. Treatment of cultures with glutamate (500 microM) for 30 min resulted in increased lactate dehydrogenase liberation into the bathing medium 24 h after removal of the insult indicating neuronal damage. This was accompanied by a decrease in APLP2 recovery in the medium but no change in its intracellular level. Both the increase in LDH release and APLP2 recovery were prevented by pretreatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801. These data show that neuronal APLP2 metabolism is altered in response to an excitotoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Webster
- Dementia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Centre, GKT School of Biomedical Science, King's College London, UK
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To restructure asthma care as the pilot program in hospital-wide redesign aimed at providing better and more standardized care. We chose asthma care to begin our reorganization because it is the highest-volume diagnosis at our hospital and it involves a broad spectrum of services. DESIGN Key elements of our restructuring included the following: (1) establishing a pulmonary unit with expanded bed capacity from 8 to 22 beds for asthma patients; (2) standardized treatment protocols; (3) availability of direct admission by primary care physicians who maintained management of their patients with the option of consultation with a specialist; and (4) use of case managers who helped patients and their families overcome obstacles to optimum care. SETTING A hospital serving a high proportion of Medicaid patients. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Children with asthma and their families. INTERVENTIONS Standardized care for asthma; use of case managers to facilitate adherence to treatment. RESULTS With the restructured asthma care program, parent satisfaction with treatment was sustained; the average length of stay and use of the emergency department (ED) were reduced; observation unit use increased; and there were fewer readmissions to both the inpatient unit and the ED. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that an inner-city hospital can provide optimum care for asthma patients by standardizing treatment, aggregating asthma patients in one location, and providing education and follow-up through the use of case managers. The protocol shifts some costs from expensive services such as the pediatric ICU and the ED to less costly case management and outreach personnel. In the long run, this allocation of resources should help to lower costs as well as improve quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Evans
- Division of Allergy, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
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Yu KL, Ruediger E, Luo G, Cianci C, Danetz S, Tiley L, Trehan AK, Monkovic I, Pearce B, Martel A, Krystal M, Meanwell NA. Novel quinolizidine salicylamide influenza fusion inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2177-80. [PMID: 10465540 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of quinolizidine salicylamides was synthesized as specific inhibitors of the H1 subtype of influenza A viruses. These inhibitors inhibit the pH-induced fusion process, thereby blocking viral entry into host cells. Compound 16 was the most active inhibitor in this series with an EC50 of 0.25 microg/mL in plaque reduction assay. The synthesis and the SAR of these compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Yu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Department of Chemistry, Wallingford, CT 06492, USA
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48
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Abstract
1. Uridine triphosphate (UTP), uridine diphosphate (UDP), cytidine triphosphate (CTP), and deoxythymidine triphosphate (TTP) caused concentration-dependent increases in the release of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) from cultured glia prepared from the newborn rat cerebral cortex. Although each of the pyrimidine nucleotides displayed similar potencies, CTP and TTP were considerably less effective than either UTP or UDP. The purine nucleotide ATP was equally as potent as the pyrimidine nucleotides but was marginally less effective than either UTP or UDP. 2. The ability of UTP, UDP, TTP, and CTP to promote TXA2 release from cultured glia was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by suramin and was markedly reduced when incubations were performed either in Ca(2+)-free medium or on cultures which had been maintained in serum-free growth medium for 4 days prior to experimentation. 3. Challenges with UTP and UDP in combination were found to elicit a response which was no different from the effects of these nucleotides alone; in addition, their effects were reversed by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor ONO-RS-082. A slight reduction in UTP- and UDP-stimulated TXA2 release was observed in cultures grown in the presence of leucine methyl ester, a treatment reported to limit microglial survival. 4. These results suggest that glia are targets for extracellular pyrimidine nucleotides and that their ability to release eicosanoids from these cells may be important in the brain's response to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Langley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Cox
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, University of London, UK
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50
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Abstract
The exposure of cultured astrocytes to peroxynitrite (ONOO-) for 40 min resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase from the cells into the bathing medium over the following 24 h. Control experiments showed that the breakdown products of ONOO- contribute, to some extent, to its ability to cause cell death but that the drug vehicle (0.3 M NaOH), which increased the pH of the bathing medium to 9.4, had little effect. The cytotoxic action of ONOO- was mimicked by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) which liberates both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide but not by S-nitrosoglutathione which liberates only NO. SIN-1-induced cytotoxicity was reversed in a concentration-dependent manner by superoxide dismutase and attenuated by haemoglobin suggesting that the effect of SIN-1 is due, at least in part, to the formation of ONOO-.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Amin
- Pharmacology Department, The School of Pharmacy, London, UK
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