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Peisch V, Rutter TM, Sargent C, Oommen R, Stein MA, Arnett AB. Longitudinal Stability of Neural Correlates of Pediatric Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study of Event Related Potentials and Electroencephalography. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:493-511. [PMID: 38152891 PMCID: PMC10874625 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231214983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stability and developmental effects of electroencephalography (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) correlates of ADHD are understudied. This pilot study examined stability and developmental changes in ERP and EEG metrics of interest. METHODS Thirty-seven 7 to 11-year-old children with ADHD and 15 typically developing (TD) children completed EEG twice, 11 to 36 months apart. A series of mixed effects linear models were run to examine stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP metrics. RESULTS Stability and developmental effects of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD varied considerably across metrics. P3 amplitude was stable over time and showed diverging developmental trajectories across groups. Developmental differences were apparent in error related ERPs and resting aperiodic exponent. Theta-beta ratio was stable over time among all children. CONCLUSIONS Developmental trajectories of EEG and ERP correlates of ADHD are candidate diagnostic markers. Replication with larger samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Peisch
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne B. Arnett
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Wenlock RD, Tausan M, Mann R, Garr W, Preston R, Arnold A, Hoban J, Webb L, Quick C, Beckett A, Loveson K, Glaysher S, Elliott S, Malone C, Cogger B, Easton L, Robson SC, Hassan-Ibrahim MO, Sargent C. Nosocomial or not? A combined epidemiological and genomic investigation to understand hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection on an elderly care ward. Infect Prev Pract 2021; 3:100165. [PMID: 34485893 PMCID: PMC8397489 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2021.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has the potential to cause outbreaks in hospitals. Given the comorbid and elderly cohort of patients hospitalized, hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection is often fatal. Pathogen genome sequencing is becoming increasingly important in infection prevention and control (IPC). Aim To inform the understanding of in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission in order to improve IPC practices and to inform the future development of virological testing for IPC. Methods Patients detected COVID-19 positive by polymerase chain reaction on Ward A in April and May 2020 were included with contact tracing to identify other potential cases. Genome sequencing was undertaken for a subgroup of cases. Epidemiological, genomic, and cluster analyses were performed to describe the epidemiology and to identify factors contributing to the outbreak. Findings Fourteen cases were identified on Ward A. Contact tracing identified 16 further patient cases; in addition, eight healthcare workers (HCWs) were identified as being COVID-19 positive through a round of asymptomatic testing. Genome sequencing of 16 of these cases identified viral genomes differing by two single nucleotide polymorphisms or fewer, with further cluster analysis identifying two groups of infection (a five-person group and a six-person group). Conclusion Despite the temporal relationship of cases, genome sequencing identified that not all cases shared transmission events. However, 11 samples were found to be closely related and these likely represented in-hospital transmission. This included three HCWs, thereby confirming transmission between patients and HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Wenlock
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - M Tausan
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Mann
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - W Garr
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - R Preston
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - A Arnold
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - J Hoban
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - L Webb
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - C Quick
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - A Beckett
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - K Loveson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - S Glaysher
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - S Elliott
- Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - C Malone
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - B Cogger
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - L Easton
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
| | | | - S C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - C Sargent
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK
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Roach G, Dawson D, Eastman C, Sargent C. The timing of daytime sleep, and thus the timing of daytime light exposure, affects the size and direction of the phase shift induced by a week of night shifts. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Roach G, Dawson D, Sargent C. Longer sequences of consecutive night shifts may reduce the likelihood of crashing while driving home from work. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fox J, Scanlan A, Stanton R, O’Grady C, Sargent C. In-game but not training workloads impact sleep in basketball players. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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O’Grady C, Sargent C, Scanlan A, Stanton R, Fox J. The effects of game-related situational variables on sleep in basketball players. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miller DJ, Sargent C, Roach GD, Scanlan AT, Vincent GE, Lastella M. Moderate-intensity exercise performed in the evening does not impair sleep in healthy males. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:80-89. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1611934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Miller
- Central Queensland University, The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - C. Sargent
- Central Queensland University, The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G. D. Roach
- Central Queensland University, The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A. T. Scanlan
- Human Exercise and Training Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - G. E. Vincent
- Central Queensland University, The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M. Lastella
- Central Queensland University, The Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Adelaide, Australia
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Strandberg S, Bauer E, Cobb E, DebBaruah C, Fricker E, Griffith‐Topps A, Jessick M, Kuehn C, Kulju T, Lois C, Sargent C, Schraufnagel L, Strandberg S, Strother C, Thota A, Urban S, Fleischmann S. The Three Blind Men: How Adhesion Proteins Binding Affects the Retinas of People with Retinoschisis. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.661.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Bauer
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - E. Cobb
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - C. DebBaruah
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - E. Fricker
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | - M. Jessick
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - C. Kuehn
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - T. Kulju
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - C. Lois
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - C. Sargent
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | - C. Strother
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - A. Thota
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
| | - S. Urban
- Divine Savior Holy Angels High SchoolMilwaukeeWI
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Strandberg S, Fleischmann S, Bauer E, Franczak S, Fricker E, Griffith‐Topps A, Jessick M, Kuehn C, Lois C, Sargent C, Schraufnagel L, Strandberg S, Strother C, Strother J, Thota L, Urban S, Peoples R. Yo GABA
A
GABA
A
: How the Structure of Human GABA
A
Receptor Affects the Action of Anesthetics. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.lb204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E. Bauer
- Divine Savior Holy AngelsMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | | | | | - C. Kuehn
- Divine Savior Holy AngelsMilwaukeeWI
| | - C. Lois
- Divine Savior Holy AngelsMilwaukeeWI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. Thota
- Divine Savior Holy AngelsMilwaukeeWI
| | - S. Urban
- Divine Savior Holy AngelsMilwaukeeWI
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Romyn G, Lastella M, Miller D, Versey NG, Roach GD, Sargent C. 0193 SPRINT ABILITY AND REACTION TIME FOLLOWING A 2-HOUR NAP IN SOCCER PLAYERS. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lastella M, Roach GD, Halson SL, Martin DT, West NP, Sargent C. The impact of a simulated grand tour on sleep, mood, and well-being of competitive cyclists. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2015; 55:1555-1564. [PMID: 25286890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Professional cycling is considered one of the most demanding of all endurance sports. The three major professional cycling stages races (i.e. Tour de France, Giro d'Italia and Vuelta a España) require cyclists to compete daily covering between ~150-200 km for three consecutive weeks. Anecdotal evidence indicates that such an event has a significant effect on the sleep, mood, and general well-being of cyclists, particularly during the latter stages of the event. The primary aim of this study was to simulate a grand tour and determine the impact a grand tour has on the sleep, mood, and general well-being of competitive cyclists. METHODS Twenty-one male cyclists (M±SD, age 22.2±2.7 years) were examined for 39 days across three phases (i.e. baseline, simulated grand tour, and recovery). Sleep was assessed using sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors. Mood and general well-being were assessed using the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) and Visual Analogue Scales (VAS). RESULTS The amount and quality of sleep as assessed by the wrist activity monitors declined during the simulated grand tour. In contrast, self-reported sleep quality improved throughout the study. Cyclists' mood and general well-being as indicated by vigour, motivation, physical and mental state declined during the simulated tour. CONCLUSION Future investigations should examine sleep, mood and well-being during an actual grand tour. Such data could prove instrumental toward understanding the sleep and psychological changes that occur during a grand tour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lastella
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, SA, Australia -
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Pitchford N, Robertson S, Sargent C, Bishop D, Bartlett J. A pre-season training camp alters sleep behaviour and quality but not quantity in elite Australian Rules football players. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sargent C, Leggatt G. An adder bite in Sussex. Assoc Med J 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Plastow GS, Carrión D, Gil M, García-Regueiro JA, I Furnols MF, Gispert M, Oliver MA, Velarde A, Guàrdia MD, Hortós M, Rius MA, Sárraga C, Díaz I, Valero A, Sosnicki A, Klont R, Dornan S, Wilkinson JM, Evans G, Sargent C, Davey G, Connolly D, Houeix B, Maltin CM, Hayes HE, Anandavijayan V, Foury A, Geverink N, Cairns M, Tilley RE, Mormède P, Blott SC. Quality pork genes and meat production. Meat Sci 2012; 70:409-21. [PMID: 22063741 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2004] [Revised: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 06/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional genomics, including analysis of the transcriptome and proteome, provides new opportunities for understanding the molecular processes in muscle and how these influence its conversion to meat. The Quality Pork Genes project was established to identify genes associated with variation in different aspects of raw material (muscle) quality and to then develop genetic tools that could be utilized to improve this quality. DNA polymorphisms identified in the porcine PRKAG3 and CAST genes illustrate the impact that such tools can have in improving meat quality. The resources developed in Quality Pork Genes provide the basis for identifying more of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Plastow
- Sygen International, 2 Kingston Business Park, Kingston Bagpuize, Oxfordshire OX13 5FE, UK
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McShane PF, Worthington L, Braunscheidel E, Sargent C, Paleg B. Technology to Support Practice: Dietetic Interns Train Extension Staff in Social Media and Technology Tool Use to Enhance Marketing and Time Management. J Acad Nutr Diet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.06.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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19
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Armstrong J, Sargent C, Singh D. Glucocorticoid sensitivity of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease alveolar macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:74-83. [PMID: 19737233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that alveolar macrophages from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) display glucocorticoid (Gc) resistance. The Gc sensitivity of inflammatory mediators released by COPD macrophages may vary. The objective of this study was to identify Gc-insensitive inflammatory mediators produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages from COPD patients. LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages from 15 COPD patients, nine smokers (S) and nine healthy non-smokers (HNS) were stimulated with LPS with or without dexamethasone (100 and 1000 nM). Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure 23 inflammatory mediators. After LPS stimulation there were lower levels of inflammatory mediators in COPD patients and S compared to HNS. There was no difference between groups for the effects of dexamethasone at either concentration (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6 and growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha displayed the greatest sensitivity to dexamethasone in COPD patients, while IL-8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were the least sensitive. COPD macrophages have a reduced response to LPS. Gc sensitivity was similar in COPD macrophages compared to controls. We identify some Gc-insensitive cytokines, including GM-CSF, G-CSF and IL-8, that may be involved in the progression of airway inflammation in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Armstrong
- University of Manchester, NIHR Translational Research Facility, University Hospital of South Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Jafer O, Zhang S, Sargent C, Mellencamp MA, Evans G, Mileham A, Plastow G, Affara N. Identification of SNPs in porcine genes expressed during porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus infection. Anim Genet 2009; 40:580-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McBride PE, Einerson JA, Grant H, Sargent C, Underbakke G, Vitcenda M, Zeller L, Stein JH. Putting the Diabetes Prevention Program into practice: a program for weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction for patients with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Health Aging 2008; 12:745S-749S. [PMID: 19043651 DOI: 10.1007/bf03028624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have significant implications on health world-wide. Large clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of a comprehensive lifestyle program with a goal of moderate weight loss (5-7%) and regular exercise (150 minutes/week), resulting in a significant decrease in the incidence of type 2 DM and cardiovascular risk. METHODS This study reports on the translation of the multi-center Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) into a cardiac rehabilitation program, utilizing the expertise and experience of a cardiac rehabilitation program staff. The study adapted materials from the DPP to develop a program that fit local needs for diabetes prevention. RESULTS Most participants completed the program (11 months) and their moderate weight loss was maintained for 11-12 months. At 11-12 months, waist circumference was reduced by approximately 2 inches, percent body fat was reduced by 5% (11% relative decrease, p<.05), weight was decreased by 10.1 pounds (p<.05), and blood pressure was reduced 8/3 mm Hg (p<.05). Exercise, nutrition, glucose, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were all were significantly improved at 11-12 months (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve lifestyle and reduce body weight are important to patients at risk of developing diabetes. This program demonstrates that an intensive effort can significantly improve lifestyle and reduce body weight in patients with DM or at risk for DM. A program that simulates cardiac rehabilitation, translated from a successful clinical trial into practice, resulted in significant reduction and improvement in metabolic outcomes and cardiovascular risk. Support for cardiac rehabilitation from insurers to develop similar programs is encouraged and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E McBride
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, and Medicine and Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, H6/349 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Royer JF, Schratl P, Carrillo JJ, Jupp R, Barker J, Weyman-Jones C, Beri R, Sargent C, Schmidt JA, Lang-Loidolt D, Heinemann A. A novel antagonist of prostaglandin D2 blocks the locomotion of eosinophils and basophils. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:663-71. [PMID: 18837743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule of Th2 cells (CRTH2) has been shown to mediate the chemotaxis of eosinophils, basophils and Th2-type T lymphocytes. The major mast cell product prostaglandin (PG) D(2) is considered to be the principal ligand of CRTH2. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a novel CRTH2 antagonist, AZ11665362 [2,5-dimethyl-3-(8-methylquinolin-4-yl)-1H-indole-1-yl]acetic acid, and characterized its efficacy in binding assay in HEK293 cells, eosinophil and basophil shape change assay and migration assay, platelet aggregation and eosinophil release from guinea pig bone marrow. The effects were compared with ramatroban, the sole CRTH2 antagonist clinically available to date. RESULTS AZ11665362 bound with high affinity to human and guinea pig CRTH2 expressed in HEK293 cells and antagonized eosinophil and basophil shape change responses to PGD(2). AZ11665362 was without effect on the PGD(2)-induced inhibition of platelet aggregation. In contrast, AZ11665362 effectively inhibited the in vitro migration of human eosinophils and basophils towards PGD(2). The release of eosinophils from the isolated perfused hind limb of the guinea pig was potently stimulated by PGD(2), and this effect was prevented by AZ11665362. In all assays tested, AZ11665362 was at least 10 times more potent than ramatroban. CONCLUSIONS AZ11665362 is a potent CRTH2 antagonist that is capable of blocking the migration of eosinophils and basophils, and the rapid mobilization of eosinophils from bone marrow. AZ11665362 might hence be useful for the treatment of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Royer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tatevossian
- Cancer Research, UK London Research Institute, London
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Banks M, Grierson S, Tucker D, Bailey M, Donadeau M, Sargent C, King D, Mellencamp M. Swine and circovirus. Dev Biol (Basel) 2006; 126:107-13; discussion 325-6. [PMID: 17058486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the 1990s Post-weaning, multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) emerged in N. America and Europe as a major disease problem with significant welfare and economic consequences for pig producers. The disease, characterised by wasting, respiratory, enteric and lymphoid system problems in pigs of 4-16 weeks of age, has since spread so that today it has a global distribution. PCV-2 is consistently associated with PMWS, is more abundant in association with PMWS and is considered by many to be the causative agent of the syndrome. However, several lines of evidence indicate that PCV-2 is necessary but not sufficient to cause the full range of clinical signs associated with PMWS, suggesting the involvement of an as yet unidentified factor or factors. The process of identifying unknown agents and their respective roles in the pathogenesis of complex syndromes now has an ever broadening spectrum of analytical techniques available. Immune phenotyping, cytokine responses, micro-array profiling, and proteomics are just some of the techniques available. This paper describes the philosophy and the application of these and classical techniques in an integrated, holistic manner to the problem of PMWS and circoviruses, by examination of samples collected from a prospective, clinical case-control study, and discusses some of the preliminary findings in relation to the efforts to understand the aetiopathogenesis of PMWS.
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Abstract
Of 1,232 patients receiving psychiatric medication in outlying areas of South Africa more than half had diagnoses of schizophrenia. Significantly more men than women had substance-induced psychosis, while significantly more women had depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Pillay
- University of Natal Medical School and Midlands Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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Abstract
Of 214 first-year students in an historically Black university, 17.8% scored in the Severe range on the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Sex and rural or urban background were not significant factors.
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Thwala JD, Pillay AL, Sargent C. The Influence of Urban/Rural Background, Gender, Age & Education on the Perception of and Response to Dreams among Zulu South Africans. South African Journal of Psychology 2000. [DOI: 10.1177/008124630003000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of urban/rural background, gender, education and age on the way Zulu South Africans (N = 140) perceive, understand and respond to dreams. Results showed that the lives of rural subjects were significantly more influenced by dreams than urban subjects, particularly in terms of consulting dream interpreters and acting in response to dreams. Significantly more men than women reported experiencing dreams as communication with ancestors, and regarded these dreams seriously. Subjects with less education were more likely than others to associate dreams with specific events, consult dream interpreters, and report that their lives were influenced by dreams. More older than younger respondents experienced dreams as a direct communication with ancestors, consulted dream interpreters and responded to dreams with prayer and rituals. These results are discussed in terms of traditional cultural beliefs and deculturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Thwala
- University of Natal Medical School and Midlands Hospital, Pietermaritzburg
| | - A. L. Pillay
- University of Natal Medical School and Midlands Hospital, Pietermaritzburg
| | - C. Sargent
- University of Natal Medical School and Midlands Hospital, Pietermaritzburg
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Abstract
Rape survivors who are believed to have mental retardation are subjected to a somewhat different sequence of legal events compared to those without this disability. Their intellectual functioning is questioned, as is their competence to give evidence in the trial of the alleged perpetrator. The authors studied 10 such cases in terms of the contextual aspects of the rape, the survivors' cognitive functioning and their ability to provide accounts of the assaults. The findings indicated that although eight of the subjects were mentally retarded, oply one of them was unable to relate details of the abuse. It is the authors' contention that a non-intimidatory approach, characterized by developmentally sensitive interviewing can substantially increase the individual's level of confidence, enabling them to relate the events in simple terms. Considering the adversarial court procedure, it is advocated that provision be made for the use of an intermediary system in cases involving rape of individuals with mental retardation, irrespective of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Pillay
- Department of Medically Applied Psychology, University of Natal Medical School Midlands Hospital, P.O. Box 370, Pietermaritzburg 3200
| | - C. Sargent
- Department of Medically Applied Psychology, University of Natal Medical School Midlands Hospital, P.O. Box 370, Pietermaritzburg 3200
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Souness JE, Aldous D, Sargent C. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 4 inhibitors. Immunopharmacology 2000; 47:127-62. [PMID: 10878287 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(00)00185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Souness
- Discovery Biology 1 (JA3-1), Aventis Pharma Ltd., Dagenham Research Centre, Rainham Road South, Dagenham, RM10 7XS, Essex, UK.
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31
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Astles PC, Brown TJ, Halley F, Handscombe CM, Harris NV, Majid TN, McCarthy C, McLay IM, Morley A, Porter B, Roach AG, Sargent C, Smith C, Walsh RJ. Selective ET(A) antagonists. 5. Discovery and structure-activity relationships of phenoxyphenylacetic acid derivatives. J Med Chem 2000; 43:900-10. [PMID: 10715156 DOI: 10.1021/jm990378b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fifth paper in this series describes the culmination of our investigations into the development of a potent and selective ET(A) receptor antagonist for the treatment of diseases mediated by ET-1. Receptor site mapping of several ET(A) antagonists prepared previously identified a common cationic binding site which prompted synthesis of phenoxyphenylacetic acid derivative 13a, which showed good in vitro activity (IC(50) 59 nM, rat aortic ET(A)). Optimization of 13a led to the identification of 27b, which exhibited an IC(50) of 4 nM. Although this did not translate into the expected in vivo potency, a compound of comparable in vitro activity, 27a (RPR118031A), showed a far better pharmacokinetic profile and in vivo potency (75 micromol/kg) and was duly proposed and accepted as a development candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Astles
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Dagenham Research Centre, Rainham Road South, Dagenham, Essex, RM10 7XS U.K
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32
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Ysart G, Miller P, Crews H, Robb P, Baxter M, De L'Argy C, Lofthouse S, Sargent C, Harrison N. Dietary exposure estimates of 30 elements from the UK Total Diet Study. Food Addit Contam 1999; 16:391-403. [PMID: 10755130 DOI: 10.1080/026520399283876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary exposures of consumers to 30 elements (aluminium, antimony, arsenic, barium, bismuth, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, germanium, gold, iridium, iron, lead, lithium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, selenium, strontium, thallium, tin and zinc) estimated from the UK 1994 Total Diet Study are reported, and compared with those from previous UK Total Diet Studies and those from other countries. Dietary exposure estimates were generally low and, where comparisons are possible, similar to those from other countries and below the relevant Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes and Provisional Maximum Tolerable Daily Intakes. For most of those elements included in previous UK Total Diet Studies, dietary exposures have declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ysart
- Joint Food Safety and Standards Group, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, UK.
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33
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Sargent C. Close encounters. Medical considerations for confined space operations. JEMS 1999; 24:44-8, 52, 54-5. [PMID: 10538558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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34
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Roberts L, Ahmed I, Hall S, Sargent C, Adams C. Intercessory Prayer for ill Health: A Systematic Review. Forsch Komplementarmed 1999; 5 Suppl S1:82-86. [PMID: 9892835 DOI: 10.1159/000057115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To review the effectiveness of prayer as an additional intervention for those with health problems already receiving standard medical care. SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic Searches of Biological Abstracts, CINAHL, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EM-BASE, MEDLINE, PsycLIT, and Sociofile were undertaken. All references of articles selected were searched for further relevant trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials of personal, focused, committed and organised intercessory prayer on behalf of anyone with a health problem were considered. Outcomes such as achievement of desired goals, death, illness, quality of life and well-being for the recipients of prayer, those praying and the caregivers were sought. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were reliably selected and assessed for methodological quality. Data were extracted by 4 reviewers working independently. Dichotomous data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis, and continuous data with over 50% completion rate are presented. MAIN RESULTS: There was no evidence that prayer affected the numbers of people dying from leukaemia or heart disease (OR 0.64, CI 0.32-1.27), or that it decreased coronary care complications (OR 1.05, CI 0.49-2.26) or the time participants stayed in hospital. There were significantly fewer 'intermediat//poor outcomes' for those with heart disease in the prayed-for group (OR 0.49, CI 0.30-0.80), and this finding was robust to some changes in definition. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides no guidance for those wishing to uphold or refute the effect of intercessory prayer on the outcomes studied in the available trials. Therefore, in the light of the best available data, there are no grounds to change current practices. There are very few completed trials of the value of intercessory prayer. The evidence presented so far is interesting enough to justify further study. If prayer is seen as a human endeavour it may or may not be beneficial, and further trials could uncover this. It could be the case that any effects are due to elements beyond present scientific understanding that will, in time, be understood. If any benefit derives from God's response to prayer it may be beyond any such trials to prove or disprove.
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35
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Astles PC, Brealey C, Brown TJ, Facchini V, Handscombe C, Harris NV, McCarthy C, McLay IM, Porter B, Roach AG, Sargent C, Smith C, Walsh RJ. Selective endothelin A receptor antagonists. 3. Discovery and structure-activity relationships of a series of 4-phenoxybutanoic acid derivatives. J Med Chem 1998; 41:2732-44. [PMID: 9667964 DOI: 10.1021/jm9707131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The third in this series of papers describes our further progress into the discovery of a potent and selective endothelin A (ETA) receptor antagonist for the potential treatment of diseases in which a pathophysiological role for endothelin has been implicated. These include hypertension, ischemic diseases, and atherosclerosis. In earlier publications we have outlined the discovery and structure-activity relations of two moderately potent series of nonpeptide ETA receptor antagonists. In this paper, we describe how a pharmacophore model for ETA receptor binding was developed which enabled these two series of compounds to be merged into a single class of 4-phenoxybutanoic acid derivatives. The subsequent optimization of in vitro activity against the ETA receptor led to the discovery of (R)-4-[2-cyano-5-(3-pyridylmethoxy)phenoxy]-4-(2-methylphenyl)b utanoi c acid (12m). This compound exhibits low-nanomolar binding to the ETA receptor and a greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the ETB receptor. Data are presented to demonstrate that 12m is orally bioavailable in the rat and is a functional antagonist in vitro and in vivo of ET-1-induced vasoconstriction.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cerebellum/drug effects
- Cerebellum/metabolism
- Decerebrate State
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Injections, Intravenous
- Male
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Conformation
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Phenylbutyrates/chemical synthesis
- Phenylbutyrates/chemistry
- Phenylbutyrates/pharmacokinetics
- Phenylbutyrates/pharmacology
- Pyridines/chemical synthesis
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Pyridines/pharmacokinetics
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Endothelin A
- Receptor, Endothelin B
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Astles
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Dagenham Research Centre, Rainham Road South, Dagenham, Essex RM10 7XS, UK
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36
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Meyer A, Chrétien P, Massicotte G, Sargent C, Chrétien M, Marcinkiewicz M. Kainic acid increases the expression of the prohormone convertases furin and PC1 in the mouse hippocampus. Brain Res 1996; 732:121-32. [PMID: 8891276 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Prohormone convertases (PCs) belong to the mammalian family of subtilisin/kexin-like enzymes which have been implicated in the posttranslational processing of precursor proteins. Several PCs are produced in the central and peripheral nervous system, and only a few specific precursor-substrates have been identified in vivo. In the nervous system, PCs may be involved in intracellular processing of precursors for neuropeptides, hormones and neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). To study the interrelationships between the convertases furin, PC1 and PC2, and the neurotrophins NGF, BDNF and NT-3, we compared their mRNA distribution in different tissues. We also examined their expression in the hippocampus of mice undergoing kainic acid-induced seizures. In this experiment, in situ hybridization (ISH) demonstrated that the levels of mRNA for furin, PC1 and BDNF increased maximally at 3 h after kainic acid administration, followed by a decline to normal levels by 96 h. NGF showed small changes, while NT-3 was downregulated with minimal expression levels between 3 to 12 h. Double ISH with radioactively-labeled riboprobes and digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes demonstrated colocalization of furin with NGF and BDNF in the mouse submaxillary gland, and of furin and PC1 with BDNF in the trigeminal ganglion. Based on colocalization studies and evidence of coordinate expression with NGF and BDNF, we suggest the involvement of furin in processing of proNGF, and of both furin and PC1 in processing of proBDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Meyer
- J.A. DeSève Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- R Davis-Floyd
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas-Austin, USA
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38
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Abstract
This article examines the concept of authoritative knowledge elaborated by Brigitte Jordan, using examples of birthing systems in Mexico, Texas, and Jamaica. We explore the linkages between the distribution of knowledge about birth and the use of technology; the valuation of biomedical and alternative "ways of knowing" about birth; the production of authoritative knowledge through interaction; and the relationship between authoritative knowledge and social status. In the Maya low-technology, collaborative birthing system in Mexico, the midwife and other adult women share knowledge about birth. In contrast, Spanish-speaking women undergoing cesarean delivery in a high-technology public hospital in Texas are, due to their limited English, only minimally able to interact with hospital staff. While they acknowledge the authoritative position of biomedical personnel and value technology, they protest their inability to communicate during their hospitalization. Jamaican women deliver in a formerly high-technology hospital system that is now experiencing economic austerity measures that render it increasingly dysfunctional. While use of technology is infrequent in the Jamaican case, authoritative knowledge remains vested in biomedicine. By means of three examples we respond to Jordan's call for a rethinking of authoritative knowledge in high- and low-technology settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sargent
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, USA
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39
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McCubbin MM, Milavetz G, Grandgeorge S, Weinberger M, Ahrens R, Sargent C, Vaughan LM. A bioassay for topical and systemic effect of three inhaled corticosteroids. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1995; 57:455-60. [PMID: 7712675 DOI: 10.1016/0009-9236(95)90216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons of relative potency for the three inhaled corticosteroids in the United States are limited to assessment of skin blanching. OBJECTIVE Development of a method for comparing relative potencies of inhaled corticosteroids for topical effect on human airway and systemic effect. METHODS With use of partial suppression of immediate response to inhaled allergen and 24-hour urinary free cortisol output, three-point dose-response curves were constructed for beclomethasone dipropionate (50 micrograms/puff), triamcinolone acetonide (100 micrograms/puff), and flunisolide (250 micrograms/puff). A randomized, parallel, single-blind study design was used. Dosing began with one puff four times a day for flunisolide and two puffs four times a day for the others. Doses were doubled after 1 week and again after a second week. RESULTS Twenty-five patients completed the study. Dose-response relationships were shown for each inhaled corticosteroid for both topical and systemic effect. Dose-response curves for the three preparations were similar when response was plotted against delivered dose in micrograms. CONCLUSION Within the limits of the assays, relative potencies of the three preparations appeared to be approximately equivalent for both topical and systemic effect when dose was expressed in micrograms. Relative potency per puff is therefore approximately proportional to the dose delivered. This method has potential for evaluation of relative potency of newer inhaled corticosteroids and the relative advantage of alternative delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M McCubbin
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonary Division, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, USA
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40
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Affara NA, Lau YF, Briggs H, Davey P, Jones MH, Khwaja O, Mitchell M, Sargent C. Report and abstracts of the First International Workshop on Y Chromosome Mapping 1994. Cambridge, England, April 2-5, 1994. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1994; 67:359-402. [PMID: 7924456 DOI: 10.1159/000133871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Weselcouch EO, Sargent C, Wilde MW, Smith MA. ATP-sensitive potassium channels and skeletal muscle function in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267:410-6. [PMID: 8229769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Compounds that act at ATP-modulated potassium channels (KATP) were tested in an in vitro model of skeletal muscle ischemia. The extensor digitorum longus muscles were removed from anesthetized rats and placed in tissue baths, and contractions were elicited by electrical field stimulation at 0.2 Hz. During normoxia, the force of contraction gradually decayed to about 55% of the peak over 85 min. None of the KATP openers tested, cromakalim (300 microM), P-1075 (10 microM) and pinacidil (100 microM), affected twitch force during normoxia. However, when the muscles were made anoxic, all three compounds greatly accelerated the loss of function in a concentration-related manner. For example, the cromakalim/vehicle ratios of the area under the force-time curve during anoxia were 0.98 +/- 0.03, 0.77* +/- 0.03 and 0.72* +/- 0.04 for cromakalim at 30, 100 and 300 microM, respectively (*P < .05). Upon reoxygenation, muscles treated with the KATP openers recovered twitch force to a greater extent than those treated with vehicle. Glyburide (1 or 10 microM) had no effect on its own, but it was able to prevent fully the effects of KATP openers during both anoxia and reoxygenation, indicating that the effects of the KATP openers were mediated by KATP. These results suggest that KATP openers would not be beneficial in the treatment of skeletal muscle ischemia in vivo but that they may be useful in preserving skeletal muscle function in cases of ischemia followed by reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Weselcouch
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey
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42
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Abstract
Analysis of the current organization and delivery of maternity care in Jamaica profits not only from an assessment of recent health issues but from consideration of the development of maternity services over the past century. Historical analysis indicates that a critical element in public health policy has been the effort to encourage use of biomedical obstetrical care and to eliminate the lay midwife. However, while women increasingly patronize hospitals, the delivery of services has deteriorated, resulting in widespread client dissatisfaction. Economic contingencies have contributed to the decline in maternity services, but health personnel manifest the ideology prevalent throughout the colonial era equating social irresponsibility with health complications. The cultural construction of illegitimacy and maternity is shown to be a dimension of class relations having an impact on health policy throughout Jamaica's history.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sargent
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0336
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43
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Grant A, Sargent C, Weller IV, Scaravilli F, Michaels L, Miller RF. Disseminated cytomegalovirus infection. Genitourin Med 1992; 68:75-9. [PMID: 1316308 PMCID: PMC1194816 DOI: 10.1136/sti.68.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Grant
- Department of Medicine, UCMSM, Middlesex Hospital, London, UK
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44
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Schmid C, Sargent C, Isaacson PG. L and H cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease show immunoglobulin light-chain restriction. Am J Pathol 1991; 139:1281-9. [PMID: 1721489 PMCID: PMC1886478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The nodular form of lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD) is widely accepted to be a B-cell-derived neoplasm. Despite this consensus, previous studies have not shown monotypic immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain expression by the putatively malignant L & H cells. We have studied paraffin-embedded tissue from 19 cases of NLPHD for the presence of Ig light and heavy chains and J chain. In addition, frozen tissue, available from one case, was examined with antibodies to light chains. In paraffin material, in each case L & H cells in individual nodules were examined for the presence of Ig light chain restriction. Kappa-light-chain restriction was detected in all L & H cells in all nodules in 5/19 cases (26.5%) and this was confirmed in frozen sections available from one case. Of the remaining 14 cases, 13 (68.5%) showed kappa-light-chain restriction in a proportion of nodules and in 1 case light-chain restriction was not observed. Of 14 cases stained with antibodies to Ig heavy chains 13 contained IgG, and in 1 case no heavy chains were demonstrable. Most L & H cells in 15 cases examined contained J chain. Our finding of monotypic L & H cells in NLPHD in 95% of our investigated cases provides strong evidence for the neoplastic nature of L & H cells and supports the hypothesis that NLPHD is a malignant nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schmid
- Department of Histopathology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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45
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North M, Sargent C, O'Brien J, Taylor K, Wolfe J, Affara NA, Ferguson-Smith MA. Comparison of ZFY and ZFX gene structure and analysis of alternative 3' untranslated regions of ZFY. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:2579-86. [PMID: 2041734 PMCID: PMC328173 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.10.2579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced transcripts from the X- and Y-linked zinc-finger genes ZFX and ZFY respectively and discuss a possible mechanism of post-transcriptional control by which these genes can be widely expressed but translated in only specific tissues. We report the identification of a novel 3'UTR (untranslated region) present in ZFY which is highly conserved among primates and contains a series of motifs implicated as mRNA instability determinants. These sequences can be substantially removed by polyadenylation directed from consensus (AATAAA) and non-consensus (AATATAAA) sequences in adult testis. The DNA-binding domains of the ZFY and ZFX proteins are compared using present models for zinc-finger/DNA interactions. Additionally, the genomic organisation of the ZFY coding sequence is presented as compared to that of ZFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- M North
- University of Cambridge Department of Pathology, London, UK
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46
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Dow K, Dytman S, Beck D, Bernstein A, Blomqvist I, Caplan H, Day D, Deady M, Demos P, Dodge W, Dodson G, Farkhondeh M, Flanz J, Giovanetti K, Goloskie R, Hallin E, Knill E, Kowalski S, Lightbody J, Lindgren R, Maruyama X, McCarthy J, Quinn B, Retzlaff G, Sapp W, Sargent C, Skopik D, The I, Tieger D, Turchinetz W, Ueng T, Videla N, Whitney R, Williamson C. Longitudinal response functions and sum rules for quasielastic electron scattering from 3H and 3He. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 61:1706-1709. [PMID: 10038875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.61.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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47
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Abstract
A patient-completed questionnaire has been shown to be equivalent to an observer-administered format in discriminating between subjects with and without keratoconjunctivitis sicca. As well as saving time it can screen patients for the presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca without the need for more specialized and/or invasive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sargent
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA
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48
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Beck D, Bernstein A, Blomqvist I, Caplan H, Day D, Demos P, Dodge W, Dodson G, Dow K, Dytman S, Farkhondeh M, Flanz J, Giovanetti K, Goloskie R, Hallin E, Knill E, Kowalski S, Lightbody J, Lindgren R, Maruyama X, McCarthy J, Quinn B, Retzlaff G, Sapp W, Sargent C, Skopik D, The I, Tieger D, Turchinetz W, Ueng T, Videla N, Whitney R, Williamson C. Isoscalar and isovector form factors of 3H and 3He for Q below 2.9 fm-1 from electron-scattering measurements. Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:1537-1540. [PMID: 10035262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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49
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Abstract
Cesarean delivery, although classified by medical practitioners as major surgery, is simultaneously defined as childbirth by both specialists and laypeople. Women experiencing cesarean delivery, therefore, confront a contradiction which affects postpartum treatment by nursing staff and expectations by family and the postcesarean patient regarding appropriate responses to delivery. Elicitation of the explanatory models of cesarean patients in a private Dallas hospital indicates the ambiguity in the definition of the cesarean reflecting more general trends in American obstetrics. Further, the data demonstrate the limited influence of the natural childbirth movement and the acceptance of technological intervention at birth in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sargent
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275
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50
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Sargent C, McKinney C, Wetherington RK. Socioeconomic status and the incidence of low birthweight among the Bariba of Benin. East Afr Med J 1986; 63:91-8. [PMID: 3720610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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