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Verheul M, Drijfhout JW, Pijls BG, Nibbering PH. Non-contact induction heating and SAAP-148 eliminate persisters within MRSA biofilms mimicking a metal implant infection. Eur Cell Mater 2021; 43:34-42. [PMID: 34260058 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v042a03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Implant-associated infections are the primary cause of complications following orthopaedic surgery. Due to biofilm and persister formation, current treatments, i.e. surgical debridement followed by antibiotics, often fail. There is an urgent need for alternative strategies to combat such infections. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of non-contact induction heating (NCIH), the antimicrobial peptide SAAP-148 and combinations thereof on bacterial counts in 7 d mature biofilms and in persister-enriched biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on titanium-aluminium-niobium (TAN) discs. Enrichment of persisters was achieved by daily exposure of mature biofilms to high doses of rifampicin and ciprofloxacin for 3 consecutive days. To heat up the TAN discs, a miniaturised induction heater was built and successfully validated. Using this apparatus, NCIH resulting in surface temperatures up to 85 °C eradicated all the bacteria in immature biofilms but not in mature biofilms, whereas persisters were already eliminated at surface temperatures ≥ 70 °C. SAAP-148 at concentrations > 25.6 µmol/L reduced the persister counts in antibiotics-exposed, mature biofilms. As surface temperatures > 60 °C can have detrimental effects on the surrounding tissues, the maximum temperature of NCIH used in combination with SAAP-148 on persisters was set to 60 °C. Results revealed that this combination was slightly more effective than the peptide or NCIH alone in eliminating biofilm-embedded persisters. NCIH and SAAP-148 can be applied both invasively and non-invasively in various treatment scenarios. Together, combinations of NCIH and SAAP-148 might be a promising treatment strategy to combat metal-implant-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - P H Nibbering
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases C5-P, 2300 RC Leiden, the
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2
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Kissel T, Reijm S, Slot LM, Cavallari M, Wortel CM, Vergroesen RD, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Kwekkeboom JC, Kampstra A, Levarht E, Drijfhout JW, Bang H, Bonger KM, Janssen G, van Veelen PA, Huizinga T, Scherer HU, Reth M, Toes R. Antibodies and B cells recognising citrullinated proteins display a broad cross-reactivity towards other post-translational modifications. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:472-480. [PMID: 32041746 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies against antigens carrying distinct post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as citrulline, homocitrulline or acetyllysine, are hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The relation between these anti-modified protein antibody (AMPA)-classes is poorly understood as is the ability of different PTM-antigens to activate B-cell receptors (BCRs) directed against citrullinated proteins (CP). Insights into the nature of PTMs able to activate such B cells are pivotal to understand the 'evolution' of the autoimmune response conceivable underlying the disease. Here, we investigated the cross-reactivity of monoclonal AMPA and the ability of different types of PTM-antigens to activate CP-reactive BCRs. METHODS BCR sequences from B cells isolated using citrullinated or acetylated antigens were used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAb) followed by a detailed analysis of their cross-reactivity towards PTM-antigens. Ramos B-cell transfectants expressing CP-reactive IgG BCRs were generated and their activation on stimulation with PTM-antigens investigated. RESULTS Most mAbs were highly cross-reactive towards multiple PTMs, while no reactivity was observed to the unmodified controls. B cells carrying CP-reactive BCRs showed activation on stimulation with various types of PTM-antigens. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that AMPA exhibit a high cross-reactivity towards at least two PTMs indicating that their recognition pattern is not confined to one type of modification. Furthermore, our data show that CP-reactive B cells are not only activated by citrullinated, but also by carbamylated and/or acetylated antigens. These data are vital for the understanding of the breach of B-cell tolerance against PTM-antigens and the possible contribution of these antigens to RA-pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Reijm
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L M Slot
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Cavallari
- Department of Biology III (Molecular Immunology), Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C M Wortel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R D Vergroesen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Stoeken-Rijsbergen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Asb Kampstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewn Levarht
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Bang
- Orgentec Diagnostika, Mainz, Germany
| | - K M Bonger
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry and Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gmc Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Twj Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H U Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Reth
- Department of Biology III (Molecular Immunology), Freiburg University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rem Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Schinkelshoek MS, Fronczek R, Kooy-Winkelaar EMC, Petersen J, Reid HH, van der Heide A, Drijfhout JW, Rossjohn J, Lammers GJ, Koning F. H1N1 hemagglutinin-specific HLA-DQ6-restricted CD4+ T cells can be readily detected in narcolepsy type 1 patients and healthy controls. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:167-175. [PMID: 31048269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, an increased risk of narcolepsy type 1 was observed. Homology between an H1N1 hemagglutinin and two hypocretin sequences has been reported. T cell reactivity to these peptides was assessed in 81 narcolepsy type 1 patients and 19 HLA-DQ6-matched healthy controls. HLA-DQ6-restricted H1N1 hemagglutinin-specific T cell responses were detected in 28.4% of patients and 15.8% of controls. Despite structural homology between HLA-DQ6-hypocretin and -H1N1 peptide complexes, T cell cross-reactivity was not detected. These results indicate that it is unlikely that cross-reactivity between H1N1 hemagglutinin and hypocretin peptides presented by HLA-DQ6 is involved in the development of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schinkelshoek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands.
| | - R Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - E M C Kooy-Winkelaar
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - H H Reid
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - A van der Heide
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J W Drijfhout
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - G J Lammers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Achterweg 5, 2103 SW Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
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4
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Fletcher E, Maren WV, Cordfunke R, Dinkelaar J, Castelli R, Codee J, Marel GVD, Melief CJM, Drijfhout JW, Ossendorp F, Mangsbo S. Abstract PR01: T cell responses to peptide-epitopes of choice can be boosted by immune complexes of circulating anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies. Cancer Immunol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.imm2016-pr01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to boost an antigen-specific immune response is utilized in several cancer immunotherapy strategies including therapeutic vaccination using long peptides. Water-based peptide vaccines are rapidly degraded and oil-based delivery strategies trap immune cells to unwanted sites or have inappropriate adjuvant properties. To enhance the uptake of synthetic long peptides (SLP) and activation of DCs we make use of circulating antibodies to mount cellular responses against tumor antigens of interest by conjugating a B cell epitope to a T cell epitope. The conjugation of the two improves the uptake of peptide/antibody complexes and concomitant activation of the same DC in contrast to SLPs which are not conjugated. Our identified B cell epitope of choice is derived from tetanus toxin (and named MTTE = minimal tetanus toxin epitope) and can be targeted by tetanus-specific antibodies that are present in most vaccinated individuals. SLPs harbor viral or tumor-derived epitopes specific for the disease of interest. We have applied a modified chandler loop model preserving intact cascade systems, to characterize how the vaccine is targeted to human immune cells. The B cell-T cell conjugate ([MTTE]3-SLP) is taken up by human monocytes and blood DCs in an antibody-dependent manner. Rather than FcγRs, the internalization of the antigen appears to be mediated through the classical pathway of the complement system as it is partly reduced by blocking C1q but not when blocking C3. A [MTTE]3-CMV conjugate, containing a T cell epitope from the pp65 protein of cytomegalovirus (CMV), strongly reactivates memory T cells when analyzed in blood from donors with CMV-specific T cells. The CMV-specific T cells rapidly produce IFNγ in response to the conjugate illustrating that the uptake of the conjugate leads to activation of antigen-specific T cells. Uptake as well as T cell activation occurs at low concentrations of the SLP conjugate, superior to a conjugate lacking the tetanus-sequence as well as to SLPs with or without added adjuvant (LPS). Additionally, when the B and T cell epitopes are separate entities but mixed, CMV-specific T cells are not activated, illustrating the requirement of conjugating the two. Our data show that we have a unique delivery system for peptide based vaccines that can aid induction of human T cell responses, and may potentiate immune responses in cancer patients.
Citation Format: E. Fletcher, W. van Maren, R. Cordfunke, J. Dinkelaar, R. Castelli, Jdc Codee, G. van der Marel, CJM Melief, JW Drijfhout, F. Ossendorp, Sm Mangsbo. T cell responses to peptide-epitopes of choice can be boosted by immune complexes of circulating anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Fletcher
- 1Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - W. van Maren
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Cordfunke
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. Dinkelaar
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - R. Castelli
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jdc Codee
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G. van der Marel
- 3Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - CJM Melief
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - JW Drijfhout
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - F. Ossendorp
- 2Department of Immunohematology & Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sm Mangsbo
- 1Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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de Breij A, Riool M, Kwakman PHS, de Boer L, Cordfunke RA, Drijfhout JW, Cohen O, Emanuel N, Zaat SAJ, Nibbering PH, Moriarty TF. Prevention of Staphylococcus aureus biomaterial-associated infections using a polymer-lipid coating containing the antimicrobial peptide OP-145. J Control Release 2015; 222:1-8. [PMID: 26658071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity of current antibiotic-based strategies to prevent biomaterial-associated infections (BAI) and their risk of resistance development prompted us to develop a novel antimicrobial implant-coating to prevent Staphylococcus aureus-induced BAI. We incorporated the antimicrobial peptide OP-145 into a Polymer-Lipid Encapsulation MatriX (PLEX)-coating to obtain high peptide levels for prolonged periods at the implant-tissue interphase. We first confirmed that OP-145 was highly effective in killing S. aureus and inhibiting biofilm formation in vitro. OP-145 injected along S. aureus-inoculated implants in mice significantly reduced the number of culture-positive implants. OP-145 was released from the PLEX coating in a controlled zero-order kinetic rate after an initial 55%-burst release and displayed bactericidal activity in vitro. In a rabbit intramedullary nail-related infection model, 67% of rabbits with PLEX-OP-145-coated nails had culture-negative nails after 28days compared to 29% of rabbits with uncoated nails. In rabbits with PLEX-OP-145-coated nails, bone and soft tissue samples were culture-negative in 67% and 80%, respectively, whereas all bone samples and 71% of the soft tissue samples of rabbits with uncoated nails were infected. Together, PLEX-OP-145 coatings, of which both compounds have already been found safe in man, can prevent implant colonization and S. aureus-induced BAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Breij
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, P.O. Box 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - M Riool
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H S Kwakman
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L de Boer
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Cordfunke
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, P.O. Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J W Drijfhout
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, P.O. Box 9600 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - O Cohen
- PolyPid Ltd., 18 Hasivim, St. Petach-Tikva 4959376, Israel
| | - N Emanuel
- PolyPid Ltd., 18 Hasivim, St. Petach-Tikva 4959376, Israel
| | - S A J Zaat
- Dept. of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H Nibbering
- Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, P.O. Box 9600, RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T F Moriarty
- AO Research Institute Davos, AO Foundation, Clavadelerstrasse 8 Davos Platz, CH7270 Davos, Switzerland
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6
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Abreu JRF, Martina S, Verrijn Stuart AA, Fillié YE, Franken KLMC, Drijfhout JW, Roep BO. CD8 T cell autoreactivity to preproinsulin epitopes with very low human leucocyte antigen class I binding affinity. Clin Exp Immunol 2012; 170:57-65. [PMID: 22943201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cells presenting islet epitopes are recognized and destroyed by autoreactive CD8 T cells in type 1 diabetes. These islet-specific T cells are believed to react with epitopes binding with high affinity to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) expressed on beta cells. However, this assumption might be flawed in case of islet autoimmunity. We evaluated T cell recognition of the complete array of preproinsulin (PPI) peptides with regard to HLA binding affinity and T cell recognition. In a comprehensive approach, 203 overlapping 9-10mer PPI peptides were tested for HLA-A2 binding and subjected to binding algorithms. Subsequently, a high-throughput assay was employed to detect PPI-specific T cells in patient blood, in which conditional HLA ligands were destabilized by ultraviolet irradiation and HLA molecules refolded with arrays of PPI peptides, followed by quantum-dot labelling and T cell staining. Analysis of patient blood revealed high frequencies of CD8 T cells recognizing very low HLA binding peptides. Of 28 peptides binding to HLA-A2, a majority was predicted not to bind. Unpredicted peptides bound mainly with low affinities. HLA binding affinity and immunogenicity may not correlate in autoimmunity. Algorithms used to predict high-affinity HLA peptide binders discount the majority of low-affinity HLA binding epitopes. Appreciation that peptides binding HLA with very low affinity can act as targets of autoreactive T cells may help to understand loss of tolerance and disease pathogenesis and possibly point to tissue-specific immune intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R F Abreu
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Rosario M, Koopman G, Mbewe-Mvula A, Knudsen ML, Quakkelaar ED, Borthwick N, Wagner R, Price DA, Liljestrom P, Melief CJ, Drijfhout JW, Colloca S, Nicosia A, Hanke T. Optimizing delivery of HIV-1 conserved region-derived immunogen for induction of T and B cell responses in rhesus macaques. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441779 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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8
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Koopman G, Beenhakker N, Nieuwenhuis I, Doxiadis G, Mooij P, Drijfhout JW, Koestler J, Hanke T, Bontrop RE, Wagner R, Bogers WM, Melief CJ. SIVconsv DNA prime - TLR7/IFNα adjuvanted long peptide boost induces potent CD4+ Ab responses and protects against high dose intrarectal SIV challenge. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441700 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Castro FV, Al-Muftah M, Mulryan K, Jiang HR, Drijfhout JW, Ali S, Rutkowski AJ, Kalaitsidou M, Gilham DE, Stern PL. Regulation of autologous immunity to the mouse 5T4 oncofoetal antigen: implications for immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1005-18. [PMID: 22127365 PMCID: PMC11029011 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-1167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Effective vaccination against tumour-associated antigens (TAA) such as the 5T4 oncofoetal glycoprotein may be limited by the nature of the T cell repertoire and the influence of immunomodulatory factors in particular T regulatory cells (Treg). Here, we identified mouse 5T4-specific T cell epitopes using a 5T4 knock out (5T4KO) mouse and evaluated corresponding wild-type (WT) responses as a model to refine and improve immunogenicity. We have shown that 5T4KO mice vaccinated by replication defective adenovirus encoding mouse 5T4 (Adm5T4) generate potent 5T4-specific IFN-γ CD8 and CD4 T cell responses which mediate significant protection against 5T4 positive tumour challenge. 5T4KO CD8 but not CD4 primed T cells also produced IL-17. By contrast, Adm5T4-immunized WT mice showed no tumour protection consistent with only low avidity CD8 IFN-γ, no IL-17 T cell responses and no detectable CD4 T cell effectors producing IFN-γ or IL-17. Treatment with anti-folate receptor 4 (FR4) antibody significantly reduced the frequency of Tregs in WT mice and enhanced 5T4-specific IFN-γ but reduced IL-10 T cell responses but did not reveal IL-17-producing effectors. This altered balance of effectors by treatment with FR4 antibody after Adm5T4 vaccination provided modest protection against autologous B16m5T4 melanoma challenge. The efficacy of 5T4 and some other TAA vaccines may be limited by the combination of TAA-specific T regs, the deletion and/or alternative differentiation of CD4 T cells as well as the absence of distinct subsets of CD8 T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Immunotherapy, Active/methods
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Receptors, Cell Surface/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda V. Castro
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Mariam Al-Muftah
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy, Medical Oncology, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Healthcare Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Mulryan
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Hui-Rong Jiang
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jan-Wouter Drijfhout
- Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sumia Ali
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Andrzej J. Rutkowski
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Milena Kalaitsidou
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - David E. Gilham
- Clinical and Experimental Immunotherapy, Medical Oncology, School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Healthcare Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter L. Stern
- Immunology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
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Willemze A, Suwannalai P, van Toorn L, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Levarht EWN, Drijfhout JW, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM, Trouw LA. The ACPA IgM fine specificity differs from the ACPA IgG antigen-recognition profile. Ann Rheum Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201234.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Feitsma AL, van der Voort EIH, Franken KLMC, Bannoudi H, Elferink BG, Drijfhout JW, Huizinga TWJ, de Vries RRP, Toes REM, Ioan-Facsinay A. Identification of citrullinated vimentin peptides as T cell epitopes in HLA-DR4 positive RA patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129668x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Verpoort KN, Cheung K, Ioan-Facsinay A, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, Drijfhout JW, de Vries RRP, Breedveld FC, Huizinga TWJ, Pruijn GJM, Toes REM. Fine specificity of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody response is influenced by the shared epitope alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 56:3949-52. [PMID: 18050209 DOI: 10.1002/art.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In classic studies on the genetic background of antibody production, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been shown to act as the most prominent immune response gene that controls the magnitude and the specificity of antibody production. The strongest genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the human MHC HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles, predisposes for antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs). ACPA levels are higher in SE-positive patients with RA than in SE-negative patients with RA. The aim of the present study was to determine whether SE influences not only the magnitude but also the specificity of the ACPA response. METHODS In 2 cohorts of anti-citrullinated peptide 2-positive patients with RA, one from a study of recent-onset arthritis (n = 206) and the other from a treatment strategy study (n = 141), serum antibodies against a citrullinated peptide derived from vimentin (cVim) and antibodies against a citrullinated fibrinogen peptide (cFibr) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HLA-DRB1 genotyping was performed. RESULTS In the first cohort, SE alleles were significantly associated with the presence of antibodies against cVim (odds ratio [OR] 4.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.87-15.3) and were not significantly associated with the presence of antibodies against cFibr (OR 1.71, 95% CI 0.70-4.14). These results were replicated in the second cohort (OR 5.05, 95% CI 1.92-13.6 and OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.30-3.97, respectively). CONCLUSION In 2 cohorts of ACPA-positive patients with RA, SE alleles predisposed for the development of antibodies against cVim but not for the development of antibodies against cFibr. These data indicate that SE alleles act as "classic" immune response genes in the ACPA response, because they influence both the magnitude and the specificity of this RA-specific antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Verpoort
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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13
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Lambeck A, Leffers N, Hoogeboom BN, Sluiter W, Hamming I, Klip H, ten Hoor K, Esajas M, van Oven M, Drijfhout JW, Platteel I, Offringa R, Hollema H, Melief K, van der Burg S, van der Zee A, Daemen T, Nijman H. P53-specific T cell responses in patients with malignant and benign ovarian tumors: implications for p53 based immunotherapy. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:606-14. [PMID: 17415711 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive treatment, 70% of the ovarian cancer patients will develop recurrent disease, emphasizing the need for new approaches such as immunotherapy. A promising antigenic target for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer is the frequently overexpressed p53 protein. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature and magnitude of the baseline anti-p53 immune response in ovarian cancer patients. P53-specific T cell responses were detected in both half of the ovarian cancer patients as in the group of control subjects, consisting of women with benign ovarian tumors and healthy controls. Importantly, while in the control group p53-specific immunity was detected among the CD45RA(+) naïve subset of T cells only, the p53-specific T-cell responses in ovarian cancer patients were also present in the CD45RO(+) memory T-cell subset, suggesting that in the cancer patients sufficient amounts of cancer-derived p53 was presented to induce the formation of a p53-specific memory T-cell response. Further characterization of the p53-specific memory T-cell responses revealed that in addition to the type 1 cytokine IFN-gamma also the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5, as well as the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 were produced. Notably, p53-specific T cells were not only detected in the peripheral blood, but also among tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and in tumor-draining lymph nodes. In conclusion, the existence of a weak mixed T-helper type 1 and 2 p53-specific T-cell repertoire supports the rationale of using p53 long peptides in vaccination strategies aiming at the induction of p53-specific Th1/CTL immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annechien Lambeck
- Department of Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Unger WWJ, Pinkse GGM, Mulder-van der Kracht S, van der Slik AR, Kester MGD, Ossendorp F, Drijfhout JW, Serreze DV, Roep BO. Human clonal CD8 autoreactivity to an IGRP islet epitope shared between mice and men. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1103:192-5. [PMID: 17376840 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1394.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the infiltration and subsequent destruction of the pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells by autoreactive T cells. CD8(+) T cells play an essential role in this beta cell destruction. However, little is known about the target antigens of CD8(+) T cells in human T1D patients. The aim of this study was to assess whether an epitope derived from the islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), IGRP(265-273,) which has recently been identified as a target in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and is fully homologous to the human epitope, is a target of human diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells. We isolated a human CD8 T cell clone against this epitope, which confirms that this IGRP epitope is shared across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W J Unger
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, LUMC, E3-Q, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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15
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Verpoort KN, Papendrecht-van der Voort EAM, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, Jol-van der Zijde CM, van Tol MJD, Drijfhout JW, Breedveld FC, de Vries RRP, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. Association of smoking with the constitution of the anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide response in the absence of HLA–DRB1 shared epitope alleles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:2913-8. [PMID: 17763436 DOI: 10.1002/art.22845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smoking is a risk factor for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope (SE) alleles. It is unknown whether smoking influences not only the presence of these antibodies, but also other characteristics of the anti-CCP response, such as isotype usage. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of smoking on anti-CCP isotypes in RA patients, and to determine whether this influence is observed in the presence and/or absence of SE alleles. METHODS IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses of anti-CCP antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum obtained at the first visit to the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic from 216 patients with anti-CCP-positive RA whose smoking habits were also assessed. HLA genotyping data were available for 202 of these patients. RESULTS IgA and IgM anti-CCP were more frequent in RA patients who were smokers than in those who were nonsmokers (odds ratio 2.8 and 1.8, respectively). In addition, levels of all isotypes of anti-CCP, except IgG3, were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in smokers. The number of anti-CCP isotypes was higher in smokers compared with nonsmokers, both in SE-negative RA (P = 0.04) and in SE-positive RA (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION Patients with anti-CCP-positive RA who have a current or former tobacco exposure display a more extensive anti-CCP isotype usage in general, and IgA and IgM in particular, compared with patients with anti-CCP-positive RA who have never smoked. In contrast to its influence on the incidence of anti-CCP positivity, the influence of tobacco exposure on the constitution of the anti-CCP response is significant in SE-negative RA. These findings suggest a differential effect of tobacco exposure on the induction as compared with the propagation of the anti-CCP antibody response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Verpoort
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Frater AJ, Edwards CTT, McCarthy N, Fox J, Brown H, Milicic A, Mackie N, Pillay T, Drijfhout JW, Dustan S, Clarke JR, Holmes EC, Zhang HT, Pfafferott K, Goulder PJ, McClure MO, Weber J, Phillips RE, Fidler S. Passive sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants and adaptation in new hosts. J Virol 2006; 80:7226-34. [PMID: 16809328 PMCID: PMC1489048 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02014-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity is a major obstacle for the design of a successful vaccine. Certain viral polymorphisms encode human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune escape, potentially overcoming limited vaccine protection. Although transmission of immune escape variants has been reported, the overall extent to which this phenomenon occurs in populations and the degree to which it contributes to HIV-1 viral evolution are unknown. Selection on the HIV-1 env gene at transmission favors neutralization-sensitive variants, but it is not known to what degree selection acts on the internal HIV-1 proteins to restrict or enhance the transmission of immune escape variants. Studies have suggested that HLA class I may determine susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, but a definitive role for HLA at transmission remains unproven. Comparing populations of acute seroconverters and chronically infected patients, we found no evidence of selection acting to restrict transmission of HIV-1 variants. We found that statistical associations previously reported in chronic infection between viral polymorphisms and HLA class I alleles are not present in acute infection, suggesting that the majority of viral polymorphisms in these patients are the result of transmission rather than de novo adaptation. Using four episodes of HIV-1 transmission in which the donors and recipients were both sampled very close to the time of infection we found that, despite a transmission bottleneck, genetic variants of HIV-1 infection are transmitted in a frequency-dependent manner. As HIV-1 infections are seeded by unique donor-adapted viral variants, each episode is a highly individual antigenic challenge. Host-specific, idiosyncratic HIV-1 antigenic diversity will seriously tax the efficacy of immunization based on consensus sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Frater
- The James Martin 21st Century School, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom
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17
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Kessler JH, Bres-Vloemans SA, van Veelen PA, de Ru A, Huijbers IJG, Camps M, Mulder A, Offringa R, Drijfhout JW, Leeksma OC, Ossendorp F, Melief CJM. BCR-ABL fusion regions as a source of multiple leukemia-specific CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Leukemia 2006; 20:1738-50. [PMID: 16932347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For immunotherapy of residual disease in patients with Philadelphia-positive leukemias, the BCR-ABL fusion regions are attractive disease-specific T-cell targets. We analyzed these regions for the prevalence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes by an advanced reverse immunology procedure. Seventeen novel BCR-ABL fusion peptides were identified to bind efficiently to the human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-A68, HLA-B51, HLA-B61 or HLA-Cw4 HLA class I molecules. Comprehensive enzymatic digestion analysis showed that 10 out of the 28 HLA class I binding fusion peptides were efficiently excised after their C-terminus by the proteasome, which is an essential requirement for efficient cell surface expression. Therefore, these peptides are prime vaccine candidates. The other peptides either completely lacked C-terminal liberation or were only inefficiently excised by the proteasome, rendering them inappropriate or less suitable for inclusion in a vaccine. CTL raised against the properly processed HLA-B61 epitope AEALQRPVA from the BCR-ABL e1a2 fusion region, expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), specifically recognized ALL tumor cells, proving cell surface presentation of this epitope, its applicability for immunotherapy and underlining the accuracy of our epitope identification strategy. Our study provides a reliable basis for the selection of optimal peptides to be included in immunotherapeutic BCR-ABL vaccines against leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitope Mapping/methods
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/immunology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen
- HLA-B Antigens/immunology
- HLA-B Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-B51 Antigen
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- HLA-C Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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18
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19
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Verpoort KN, Jol-van der Zijde CM, Papendrecht-van der Voort EAM, Ioan-Facsinay A, Drijfhout JW, van Tol MJD, Breedveld FC, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. Isotype distribution of ANTI–CYCLIC citrullinated peptide antibodies in undifferentiated arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis reflects an ongoing immune response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:3799-808. [PMID: 17133560 DOI: 10.1002/art.22279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The evolution of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-specific anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody response, as measured by the isotypes of anti-CCP, has not been described. This study was undertaken to determine anti-CCP isotype usage in patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA), patients with recent-onset RA, and patients with RA of long duration. METHODS IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses of anti-CCP were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum samples that were obtained from IgG anti-CCP antibody-positive patients with UA (n = 110) and IgG anti-CCP antibody-positive patients with RA (n = 152) early after the onset of arthritis. Patients with UA in whom RA developed within 1 year (UA-->RA) were compared with patients with UA in whom RA did not develop within 1 year (UA-->UA). In addition, baseline serum samples obtained from a subset of patients with RA (n = 64) were compared with sera obtained from the same patients a median of 7 years later. RESULTS IgM anti-CCP was present in early samples from both patients with UA and patients with RA and in followup samples from patients with RA. Several IgG anti-CCP antibody-positive patients who did not have IgM anti-CCP early after disease onset did display IgM anti-CCP later in the course of the arthritis. A diverse pattern of isotype usage was detected in early samples, with a trend toward lower frequencies of all isotypes of anti-CCP in patients with UA compared with patients with RA and in UA-->UA patients compared with UA-->RA patients. Levels of all isotypes except IgG1 had decreased after 7 years. CONCLUSION These data indicate development of the anti-CCP isotype repertoire into full usage early in the course of arthritis. The sustained presence of IgM anti-CCP indicates ongoing recruitment of new B cells into the anti-CCP response, reflecting a continuous (re)activation of the RA-specific anti-CCP response during the course of anti-CCP-positive arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Verpoort
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Vambutas A, DeVoti J, Nouri M, Drijfhout JW, Lipford GB, Bonagura VR, van der Burg SH, Melief CJM. Therapeutic vaccination with papillomavirus E6 and E7 long peptides results in the control of both established virus-induced lesions and latently infected sites in a pre-clinical cottontail rabbit papillomavirus model. Vaccine 2005; 23:5271-80. [PMID: 16054734 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2004] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to test the therapeutic efficacy of overlapping long E6 and E7 peptides, containing both CD4+ T-helper and CD8+ CTL epitopes, on CRPV-induced lesions, which is an appropriate pre-clinical model for HPV diseases, including recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). Therapeutic peptide vaccination was able to significantly control wart growth (p < 0.01) and abrogate latent CRPV infection (p = 0.0006) compared to controls. Vaccination was associated with a T(H)1 T cell response, as suggested by a strong DTH skin test, antigen-specific proliferation of PBMC and a minimal IgG antibody response. Thus, this study shows promise for treatment of RRP by vaccination with long peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vambutas
- North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.
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21
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Spaenij-Dekking EHA, Kooy-Winkelaar EMC, Nieuwenhuizen WF, Drijfhout JW, Koning F. A novel and sensitive method for the detection of T cell stimulatory epitopes of alpha/beta- and gamma-gliadin. Gut 2004; 53:1267-73. [PMID: 15306583 PMCID: PMC1774189 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.037952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now generally accepted that coeliac disease (CD) is caused by inflammatory T cell responses to gluten peptides bound to HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 molecules. There is overwhelming evidence that CD patients can mount T cell responses to peptides found in both alpha-gliadin and gamma-gliadin molecules. Assays that would detect the presence or absence of such peptides in food would thus be accurate indicators of safety for consumption by CD patients. AIMS The development of a sensitive method to detect T cell stimulatory epitopes of alpha-gliadin and gamma-gliadin molecules in food products. METHODS Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were raised against peptides encoding the T cell stimulatory epitopes of alpha-gliadin (amino acids (aa) 59-71) and aa gamma-gliadin (aa 142-153 and aa 147-159). These mAb competition assays were developed that quantitatively detect T cell stimulatory epitopes present on both intact proteins and peptides of sizes recognisable by CD4(+) T cells. RESULTS With the mAb based competition assays, T cell epitopes were detected in pepsin/trypsin digests of wheat proteins and ethanol extracts of various food products, with detection levels lower than those reached with gluten specific T cells. Moreover, the presence of T cell stimulatory epitopes was also detected in preparations of barley, rye, and triticale, other cereals known to be toxic for CD patients. CONCLUSIONS A new antibody based method has been developed, detecting the presence of T cell stimulatory gluten peptides. This can be used to further ensure the safety of food consumed by CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H A Spaenij-Dekking
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Posthuma EFM, van Bergen CAM, Kester MGD, de Paus RA, van Veelen PA, de Ru AH, Drijfhout JW, Lurvink EGA, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Proteosomal degradation of BCR/ABL protein can generate an HLA-A*0301-restricted peptide, but high-avidity T cells recognizing this leukemia-specific antigen were not demonstrated. Haematologica 2004; 89:1062-71. [PMID: 15377467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) have been generated in vitro against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-associated BCR/ABL-specific peptides. We analyzed the existence of high-avidity T cells recognizing endogenously processed BCR/ABL-specific proteins. DESIGN AND METHODS We performed binding studies of BCR/ABL-specific peptides, proteosomal digestion of BCR/ABL breakpoint overlapping protein, mass spectrometry of eluates from HLA-*0301-transduced K562 cells, and tried to isolate peptide-specific T-cells using tetramers. RESULTS We confirmed the binding of the BCR/ABL-specific peptides KQSSKALQR to HLA-A*0301 and GFKQSSKAL to HLA-B*0801. Proteasomal digestion showed cleavage sites leading to KQSSKALQR but not to GFKQSSKAL. Using mass spectrometry KQSSKALQR could not be detected in the eluates from HLA-A*0301-transduced K562 cells. We attempted to induce BCR/ABL-specific CTL lines from 4 healthy donors using dendritic cells pulsed with KQSSKALQR and performed single cell sorting to isolate tetramer-positive T cells. None of 31 generated clones showed BCR/ABL-specific cytotoxicity. Isolation of tetramer-positive cells from peripheral blood of relapsed CML patients after allogeneic transplantation treated with donor lymphocyte infusion resulted in 38 T-cell clones which did not show peptide-specific cytotoxicity. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that BCR/ABL protein processing can lead to KQSSKALQR peptide binding to HLA-A*0301. However, KQSSKALQR could not be detected in HLA-A*0301-transduced K562 cells, and KQSSKALQR could not be demonstrated to induce high-avidity BCR/ABL-specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardus F M Posthuma
- Dept. of Hematology, Leiden, University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, The Netherlands.
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23
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Spaenij-Dekking EHA, Van Delft J, Van Der Meijden E, Hiemstra HS, Falkenburg JHF, Koning F, Drijfhout JW, Kluin-Nelemans JC. Synaptojanin 2 is recognized by HLA class II-restricted hairy cell leukemia-specific T cells. Leukemia 2003; 17:2467-73. [PMID: 14562116 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a chronic mature B-cell leukemia characterized by malignant B cells that have typical hairy protrusions. To characterize possible HCL-associated tumor antigens, we generated an HCL-specific and HLA class II (DPw4)-restricted proliferative CD4+ T-cell clone. To identify the target antigen of these T cells, we constructed a synthetic peptide library dedicated to bind HLA DPw4, and identified a mimicry epitope recognized by the T-cell clone. With this epitope, the recognition motif of the T-cell clone was deduced and a peptide of human synaptojanin 2 (Syn 2) was identified that stimulated the HCL-reactive T-cell clone. Both Northern and Western blot analyses showed that Syn 2 expression was increased in HCL samples compared to other B cells. Besides, the Syn 2-expressing cell line AML193, with the introduced restrictive HLA-DPw4 molecules, was recognized by the HCL-specific T-cell clone. These results indicate that Syn 2 is a target of autoreactive HCL-specific T cells. Since Syn 2 is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphatase involved in cell growth and rearrangement of actin filaments, the increased Syn 2 expression may correlate with the disease etiology or the characteristic morphologic alterations caused by the disease.
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Teixeira A, Benckhuijsen WE, de Koning PE, Valentijn ARPM, Drijfhout JW. The use of DODT as a non-malodorous scavenger in Fmoc-based peptide synthesis. Protein Pept Lett 2002; 9:379-85. [PMID: 12370025 DOI: 10.2174/0929866023408481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a random group of peptides and performed cleavages using various cleavage cocktails including 3,6-dioxa-1,8-octanedithiol (DODT). Purity of the peptides was compared to that obtained with standard protocols for cleavage using RP-HPLC and Maldi-Tof mass spectrometry. We show that stinking thiols can be replaced by the almost odourless (DODT) without negatively affecting the purity of the end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Teixeira
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Building 1, E3-Q, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Mommaas B, Kamp J, Drijfhout JW, Beekman N, Ossendorp F, Van Veelen P, Den Haan J, Goulmy E, Mutis T. Identification of a novel HLA-B60-restricted T cell epitope of the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 locus. J Immunol 2002; 169:3131-6. [PMID: 12218130 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.6.3131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic minor histocompatibility Ag HA-1 locus encodes two peptides, HA-1(H) and HA-1(R), with a single amino acid difference. Whereas the immunogenicity of the HA-1(R) allele has not yet been shown, the nonameric HA-1(H) peptide induces HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T cells in vivo and in vitro. It is not known whether the mHag HA-1(H) or HA-1(R) associates with other HLA class I molecules. Therefore, the polymorphic regions of both HA-1 alleles were analyzed to identify HLA class I binding peptides that are properly processed by proteasomal degradation. Peptide binding analyses were performed for all nonameric HA-1(H/R) peptides for binding to nine HLA class I molecules with >10% prevalence in the Caucasian population and for seven nonameric/decameric HA-1(H/R) peptides predicted to bind to HLA-A3, -B14, and -B60. Only the nonameric KECVL(H)/(R)DDL and decameric KECVL(H)/(R)DDLL peptides showed strong and stable binding to HLA-B60. In vitro digestion of 29-aa-long HA-1 peptides by purified 20S proteasomes revealed proper cleavage at the COOH termini of both HLA-B60 binding HA-1(H) and HA-1(R) peptides. In subsequent analyses, dendritic cells pulsed with the nonameric HA-1(R) peptide did not induce CTLs that recognize the natural HLA-B60/HA-1(R) ligand. In contrast, dendritic cells pulsed with the nonameric HA-1(H) peptide induced IFN-gamma-secreting T cells specific for the natural HLA-B60/HA-1(H) ligand in three HLA-B60(+) HA-1(RR) individuals, demonstrating the immunogenicity of the HLA-B60/HA-1(H) ligand. In conclusion, this study shows a novel HLA-B60-restricted T cell epitope of the minor histocompatibility Ag HA-1 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregje Mommaas
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Brahmbhatt S, Hussain R, Zafar S, Dawood G, Ottenhoff THM, Drijfhout JW, Bothamley G, Smith S, Lopez FV, Dockrell HM. Human T cell responses to peptides of the Mycobacterium leprae 45-kD serine-rich antigen. Clin Exp Immunol 2002; 128:140-8. [PMID: 11982601 PMCID: PMC1906361 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to identify T cell epitopes within the Mycobacterium leprae 45-kD serine-rich antigen, we analysed responses to overlapping 17-mer peptides encompassing the whole antigen in non-exposed UK controls, Pakistani leprosy patients and tuberculosis patients in both the United Kingdom and Pakistan. This antigen has been described as M. leprae-specific, although it has a hypothetical homologue in M. tuberculosis. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with peptide for 5 days and IFN-gamma measured in supernatants by ELISA. Some peptides were recognized more frequently by T cells from tuberculoid leprosy patients than those from UK controls, suggesting that such T cell epitopes might have diagnostic potential, while other peptides induced greater responses among UK control subjects. Short-term cell lines confirmed that these assays detected specific T cell recognition of these peptides. However, many tuberculosis patients also recognized these potentially specific peptides suggesting that there could be a true homologue present in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brahmbhatt
- Immunology Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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27
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Roep BO, Hiemstra HS, Schloot NC, De Vries RRP, Chaudhuri A, Behan PO, Drijfhout JW. Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes: immune cross-reactivity between islet autoantigen and human cytomegalovirus but not Coxsackie virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 958:163-5. [PMID: 12021098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Molecular mimicry between viral pathogens and beta cell protein has been a popular theory to explain loss of tolerance in type 1 diabetes. However, functional data in support of this hypothesis have been lacking, presumably because the homologies were defined on the basis of linear similarities in peptide sequences, which ignores the criteria of HLA versus T cell receptor contact residues in peptide epitopes required for T cell recognition. We applied a HLA-binding dedicated peptide microarray analysis using autoreactive T cell clones specific for the autoantigen GAD65 to determine the algorithm of T cell recognition by this given T cell clone. The subsequent database search identified a 100% fit with cytomegalovirus peptide, which was subsequently shown to be recognized by these clonal T cells. However, T cell clones reactive with linear homologies previously described as putative candidates for T cell cross-reactivity between GAD65 and Coxsackie virus peptide were unable to recognize the homologous counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Roep
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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28
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Roos A, Nauta AJ, Broers D, Faber-Krol MC, Trouw LA, Drijfhout JW, Daha MR. Specific inhibition of the classical complement pathway by C1q-binding peptides. J Immunol 2001; 167:7052-9. [PMID: 11739526 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.12.7052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Undesired activation of the complement system is a major pathogenic factor contributing to various immune complex diseases and conditions such as hyperacute xenograft rejection. We aim for prevention of complement-mediated damage by specific inhibition of the classical complement pathway, thus not affecting the antimicrobial functions of the complement system via the alternative pathway and the lectin pathway. Therefore, 42 peptides previously selected from phage-displayed peptide libraries on basis of C1q binding were synthesized and examined for their ability to inhibit the function of C1q. From seven peptides that showed inhibition of C1q hemolytic activity but no inhibition of the alternative complement pathway, one peptide (2J) was selected and further studied. Peptide 2J inhibited the hemolytic activity of C1q from human, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, rat, and mouse origin, all with a similar dose-response relationship (IC(50) 2-6 microM). Binding of C1q to peptide 2J involved the globular head domain of C1q. In line with this interaction, peptide 2J dose-dependently inhibited the binding of C1q to IgG and blocked activation of C4 and C3 and formation of C5b-9 induced via classical pathway activation, as assessed by ELISA. Furthermore, the peptide strongly inhibited the deposition of C4 and C3 on pig cells following their exposure to human xenoreactive Abs and complement. We conclude that peptide 2J is a promising reagent for the development of a therapeutic inhibitor of the earliest step of the classical complement pathway, i.e., the binding of C1q to its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roos
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Charo J, Geluk A, Sundbäck M, Mirzai B, Diehl AD, Malmberg KJ, Achour A, Huriguchi S, van Meijgaarden KE, Drijfhout JW, Beekman N, van Veelen P, Ossendorp F, Ottenhoff TH, Kiessling R. The identification of a common pathogen-specific HLA class I A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T cell epitope encoded within the heat shock protein 65. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3602-11. [PMID: 11745380 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200112)31:12<3602::aid-immu3602>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial antigens recognized by CD8(+) T cells in the context of MHC class I are thought to play a crucial role in protection against pathogenic intracellular bacteria. Here, we demonstrate the induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cell responses against six new high-affinity HLA-A*0201-binding CTL epitopes, encoded within an immunodominant and highly conserved antigen of Mycobacteria, the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65). One of these epitopes, Mhsp65(9(369)), is identical in a large number of pathogenic bacteria, and is recognized in a CD8-independent fashion. Mhsp65(9(369)) could be presented by either mycobacterial hsp65-pulsed target cells or BCG-infected macrophages. Interestingly, T cells specific for this epitope did not recognize the corresponding human hsp65 homologue, probably due to structural differences as revealed by modeling studies. Furthermore, in vitro proteasome digestion analyses show that, whereas the mycobacterial hsp65 epitope is efficiently generated, the human hsp65 homologue is not, thus avoiding the induction of autoreactivity. Collectively, these findings describe high-affinity HLA class I-binding epitopes that are naturally processed and are recognized efficiently by MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells, providing a rational basis for the development of subunit vaccine strategies against tuberculosis and other intracellular infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Charo
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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van der Pluijm G, Sijmons B, Vloedgraven H, van der Bent C, Drijfhout JW, Verheijen J, Quax P, Karperien M, Papapoulos S, Löwik C. Urokinase-receptor/integrin complexes are functionally involved in adhesion and progression of human breast cancer in vivo. Am J Pathol 2001; 159:971-82. [PMID: 11549590 PMCID: PMC1850470 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between specific cell-surface molecules, which include the urokinase receptor (uPAR) and integrins, are crucial to processes of tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we demonstrate that uPAR and beta1-integrins may cluster at distinct sites at the cell surface of metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and form functional complexes. Attachment assays performed in the presence of a synthetic peptide (p25), which interferes with the formation of uPAR-integrin complexes, reveal that uPAR is able to regulate the adhesive function of integrins in breast cancer cells. On dissociation of the uPAR-integrin complexes by p25, tumor cell attachment to the extracellular matrix was either decreased (vitronectin) or increased (fibronectin). Moreover, the tumor cells display remarkable morphological changes when cultured on fibronectin in the continuous presence of p25, leading to increased cell spreading and attachment. In marked contrast to control conditions, increased cellular adhesion to fibronectin after p25 treatment was entirely beta1-integrin-mediated. The role of uPAR-integrin complexes in tumor progression was studied in an in vivo bone xenograft model. Stably transfected MDA-MB-231 cells that overexpress p25 showed a significant reduction in tumor progression in bone (P < or = 0.0001 versus mock-control). In line with these observations, continuous administration of p25 (25 microg/mouse/day, osmotic minipumps) for 28 days resulted in significantly reduced tumor progression of MDA-MB-231 cells in bone (P < or = 0.005) when compared to scrambled control peptide. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that uPAR can act as an adhesion receptor in breast cancer and is capable of regulating integrin function. Our findings strongly suggest that adhesive and proteolytic events are tightly associated in metastatic breast cancer cells and that functional integrin-uPAR complexes are involved in tumor progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G van der Pluijm
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Schloot NC, Willemen SJ, Duinkerken G, Drijfhout JW, de Vries RR, Roep BO. Molecular mimicry in type 1 diabetes mellitus revisited: T-cell clones to GAD65 peptides with sequence homology to Coxsackie or proinsulin peptides do not crossreact with homologous counterpart. Hum Immunol 2001; 62:299-309. [PMID: 11295462 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(01)00223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease in which the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are selectively destroyed. Molecular mimicry and T-cell crossreactivity to beta-cell autoantigens and environmental agents with sequence similarities have been a proposed mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, but actual crossreactivity has not yet been demonstrated. We isolated and investigated T cells reactive to GAD65 peptides and homologous peptides of the Coxsackie virus protein P2C and proinsulin from recent onset type 1 diabetes patients, and tested their fine specificity and cytokine production profile. Six T-cell lines specific for GAD65 peptides (amino acids 491-530) with homology to proinsulin (B20-C14) were isolated from six newly diagnosed patients with type 1 diabetes, but none of the stable T-cell lines crossreacted to the homologous proinsulin peptides. Similarly, none of four T-cell lines reactive to GAD65 peptides (amino acids 247-280) with sequence homology to Coxsackie P2C (amino acids 30-50) crossreacted to the homologous viral peptide. Two T-cell lines corecognized a GAD65 peptide and a Coxsackie P2C peptide. However, the antigen-specific T-cell clones from these T-cell lines were reacting either with the GAD65 peptide or the Coxsackie P2C peptide using different restriction elements without crossreacting to the homologous peptide. Our data demonstrate that homologous peptides previously proposed to serve as targets for crossreactivity indeed are immunogenic. Yet, T-cell clones did not crossreact with linear sequence homologies, despite strong T-cell responses to individual peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Schloot
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Hiemstra HS, Schloot NC, van Veelen PA, Willemen SJ, Franken KL, van Rood JJ, de Vries RR, Chaudhuri A, Behan PO, Drijfhout JW, Roep BO. Cytomegalovirus in autoimmunity: T cell crossreactivity to viral antigen and autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:3988-91. [PMID: 11274421 PMCID: PMC31166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.071050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigens of pathogenic microbes that mimic autoantigens are thought to be responsible for the activation of autoreactive T cells. Viral infections have been associated with the development of the neuroendocrine autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes and stiff-man syndrome, but the mechanism is unknown. These diseases share glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) as a major autoantigen. We screened synthetic peptide libraries dedicated to bind to HLA-DR3, which predisposes to both diseases, using clonal CD4(+) T cells reactive to GAD65 isolated from a prediabetic stiff-man syndrome patient. Here we show that these GAD65-specific T cells crossreact with a peptide of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) major DNA-binding protein. This peptide was identified after database searching with a recognition pattern that had been deduced from the library studies. Furthermore, we showed that hCMV-derived epitope can be naturally processed by dendritic cells and recognized by GAD65 reactive T cells. Thus, hCMV may be involved in the loss of T cell tolerance to autoantigen GAD65 by a mechanism of molecular mimicry leading to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hiemstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, P. O. Box 9600, NL-2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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33
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Heukamp LC, van der Burg SH, Drijfhout JW, Melief CJ, Taylor-Papadimitriou J, Offringa R. Identification of three non-VNTR MUC1-derived HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitopes that induce protective anti-tumor immunity in HLA-A2/K(b)-transgenic mice. Int J Cancer 2001; 91:385-92. [PMID: 11169964 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0215(200002)9999:9999<::aid-ijc1051>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The human epithelial mucin MUC1 is over-expressed in more than 90% of carcinomas of the breast, ovary, and pancreas as well as in some other tumours, making it a potential target for tumour immunotherapy. We have identified several MUC1-derived peptides mapping outside the variable number tandem repeat region that comply with the peptide-binding motif for HLA-A*0201 and that become processed into stable major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes as assessed by in vitro assays. In A2/K(b) transgenic mice, 3 peptides, namely MUC(79-87) (TLAPATEPA), MUC(167-175) (ALGSTAPPV) and MUC(264-272) (FLSFHISNL) elicit peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity, which protects these mice against a challenge with MUC1, A2/K(b)-expressing tumour cells. These peptides therefore represent naturally processed MUC1-derived CTL epitopes that could be used as components in peptide-based vaccines and for the analysis of anti-MUC1 CTL responses in A*0201-positive patients with MUC1-expressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Heukamp
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Breast Cancer Biology Group, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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34
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Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, Franken KL, Drijfhout JW, D'Souza S, Necker A, Huygen K, Ottenhoff TH. Identification of major epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AG85B that are recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cells in HLA-transgenic mice and humans. J Immunol 2000; 165:6463-71. [PMID: 11086086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells are thought to play an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. Although several nonprotein ligands have been identified for CD1-restricted CD8(+) CTLs, epitopes for classical MHC class I-restricted CD8(+) T cells, which most likely represent a majority among CD8(+) T cells, have remained ill defined. HLA-A*0201 is one of the most prevalent class I alleles, with a frequency of over 30% in most populations. HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice were shown to provide a powerful model for studying induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted immune responses in vivo. The Ag85 complex, a major component of secreted Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins, induces strong CD4(+) T cell responses in M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and protection against tuberculosis in Ag85-DNA-immunized animals. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted, CD8(+) T cells against Ag85B of M. tuberculosis in HLA-A2/K(b) transgenic mice and HLA-A*0201(+) humans. Moreover, two immunodominant Ag85 peptide epitopes for HLA-A*0201-restricted, M. tuberculosis-reactive CD8(+) CTLs were identified. These CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and recognized Ag-pulsed or bacillus Calmette-Guérin-infected, HLA-A*0201-positive, but not HLA-A*0201-negative or uninfected human macrophages. This CTL-mediated killing was blocked by anti-CD8 or anti-HLA class I mAb. Using fluorescent peptide/HLA-A*0201 tetramers, Ag85-specific CD8(+) T cells could be visualized in bacillus Calmette-Guérin-responsive, HLA-A*0201(+) individuals. Collectively, our results demonstrate the presence of HLA class I-restricted CD8(+) CTL against a major Ag of M. tuberculosis and identify Ag85B epitopes that are strongly recognized by HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cells in humans and mice. These epitopes thus represent potential subunit components for the design of vaccines against tuberculosis.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Antigens, Bacterial/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/administration & dosage
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- DNA, Bacterial/administration & dosage
- DNA, Bacterial/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- H-2 Antigens/genetics
- H-2 Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen/administration & dosage
- HLA-A2 Antigen/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/isolation & purification
- Immunodominant Epitopes/metabolism
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Mapping
- Plasmids/administration & dosage
- Plasmids/chemical synthesis
- Plasmids/immunology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Geluk
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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35
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Moustakas AK, van de Wal Y, Routsias J, Kooy YM, van Veelen P, Drijfhout JW, Koning F, Papadopoulos GK. Structure of celiac disease-associated HLA-DQ8 and non-associated HLA-DQ9 alleles in complex with two disease-specific epitopes. Int Immunol 2000; 12:1157-66. [PMID: 10917890 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/12.8.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of celiac disease (CD) with HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 is indicative of preferential mucosal T cell recognition of gluten fragments bound to either DQ allele. We have recently identified two gluten-derived, HLA-DQ8-restricted T cell stimulatory peptides, one each from gliadin and glutenin, recognized by specific T cell clones derived from the small intestine of CD patients. We have now performed molecular modeling and examined the fine specificity of these peptides in complex with HLA-DQ8. There is only one binding register for both peptides, with glutamine residues at the p1 and p9 anchor positions. Both T cell clones recognize substituted peptides at p1 and p9, but poorly so at p2-p8, especially the gliadin-specific clone. Contrasting patterns of recognition of p9Gln --> Glu peptide variants (both predicted as better DQ8 binders by modeling) were observed: enhancement of recognition for the gliadin peptide, yet complete absence thereof for the glutenin peptide. The double-substituted gliadin peptide variant p1/9Gln --> Glu, which can also arise by pepsin/acid/transglutaminase treatment, shows a considerable increase in sensitivity of recognition, consistent with better binding of this peptide to DQ8, as predicted by energy minimization. Surprisingly, the two native peptides are also recognized by their respective T cell clones in the context of the related molecule HLA-DQ9 (beta57Asp(+)). The p1/9Gln --> Glu gliadin peptide variant is likewise recognized, albeit with a 10-fold lower sensitivity, the first reported p9Glu binding in a beta57Asp(+) MHC II allele. Our results have important implications for the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and the possible manipulation of aberrant responses thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Moustakas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, 47100 Arta, Greece
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36
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Hawkes CJ, Schloot NC, Marks J, Willemen SJ, Drijfhout JW, Mayer EK, Christie MR, Roep BO. T-cell lines reactive to an immunodominant epitope of the tyrosine phosphatase-like autoantigen IA-2 in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2000; 49:356-66. [PMID: 10868956 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.49.3.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is the result of destruction of the insulin-secreting beta-cells of the pancreas by a process in which T-cells play a central role. A tyrosine phosphatase-like protein, IA-2, is a major target for autoantibodies and T-cells in the disease. In this study, we have further characterized the T-cell response to IA-2 by the generation and characterization of T-cell lines. T-cell lines responsive to IA-2 antigen were generated from 17 of 32 patients and 3 of 10 control subjects. Antigen specificity was confirmed in lines from six diabetic patients and one control individual by demonstration of responses to synthetic IA-2 peptides and epitope mapping. Five lines from diabetic patients responded to one of two peptides representing amino acids 831-850 and 841-860 of IA-2. The overlapping portion may therefore represent an immunodominant region of the molecule. The sixth patient-derived line responded to a peptide representing amino acids 751-770 of IA-2 presented by the DR 4 (DRB1*0401) allele that confers susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Primary T-cell responses to peptides of the immunodominant region were detected in 9 of 19 (47%) type 1 diabetic patients and 16 of 22 (73%) nondiabetic siblings, consistent with this region having immunostimulatory properties. The study reports for the first time T-cell lines reactive to IA-2 from diabetic patients and defines an immunodominant region of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hawkes
- Department of Medicine, Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' School of Medicine, London, UK
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37
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Franken KL, Hiemstra HS, van Meijgaarden KE, Subronto Y, den Hartigh J, Ottenhoff TH, Drijfhout JW. Purification of his-tagged proteins by immobilized chelate affinity chromatography: the benefits from the use of organic solvent. Protein Expr Purif 2000; 18:95-9. [PMID: 10648174 DOI: 10.1006/prep.1999.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant proteins overexpressed in and purified from Escherichia coli contain impurities that are toxic in biological assays. The application of affinity purification procedures is often not sufficient to remove these toxic components. We here describe a simple and fast, one-step protocol to remove these impurities highly efficiently. Four recombinant proteins were overexpressed in E. coli as His-tagged fusion proteins and purified by immobilized metal chelate affinity chromatography on Ni-NTA beads. Depending on the protein, the composition of the lysis buffer, and the washing protocol, various impurities appeared to be present in the purified protein preparations. Here we show how the use of 60% isopropanol during washing steps removed most of these contaminants from the end products. In addition to the removal of proteins that aspecifically adhere to the beads or to the tagged protein, this procedure was particularly useful in removing endotoxins. Moreover, we show that detergents such as NP-40, that are necessarily employed during lysis, are also efficiently removed. Finally, we show that proteins are able to refold correctly after isopropanol treatment. Thus, the resulting end products contain significantly less contaminating E. coli proteins, endotoxins, and detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Franken
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2300 RC, The Netherlands
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38
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Abstract
The screening of compound arrays in in vitro bioassays has developed into a powerful tool for the identification of biologically active substances. In the past decade, this technology has increasingly been applied to immunology. As the specificity of the immune system is determined by antigen detection via receptors on B and T cells, targeting the specificity of these immune receptors with random arrays is unique in its ability to generate general and quantitative information on cellular (cross-)reactivity. Synthetic array studies have been useful for identification of epitopes and antigens from databases by defining recognition patterns, isolation of synthetic peptides capable of modulating T cell responsiveness, characterisation of TCR promiscuity, and identification of functionally cross-reacting peptides that are potentially involved in molecular mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hiemstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, RC Leiden, 2300, The Netherlands
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39
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Abstract
The activation of MHC class II-restricted helper T cells is paramount to adaptive immune responses. Vaccine development could therefore benefit from improved ways of targeting antigens into MHC class II molecules. In recent years, the natural pathways of MHC class II antigen presentation have been exploited to achieve this goal. First, antigenic proteins and peptides have been modified to facilitate receptor-mediated uptake by professional antigen-presenting cells. Second, DNA constructs containing specific targeting sequences have been used to direct endogenously synthesized antigens to the MHC class II compartments. Both strategies proved to be highly effective. We review these data and describe how this knowledge is currently applied to the design of vaccines that activate helper T cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J van Bergen
- Dept of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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40
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Abstract
Gluten ingestion causes coeliac disease in susceptible individuals. Gluten is a heterogeneous mixture of glutenin and gliadin, the latter of which is considered responsible for disease induction. By combining high-performance liquid chromatography purification steps of gluten with a T cell bioassay and mass spectral analyses, we have identified a glutenin peptide (glt04 707-742) that activates T cells from the small intestine of a coeliac disease patient and results in the secretion of large amounts of IFN-gamma. The minimal T cell stimulatory core of the peptide (residues 724-734) is repetitively present in glutenin molecules. Moreover, it was observed that a large number of naturally occurring variants of this peptide are recognized by the T cells. These data suggest that the large heterogeneity of glutenin proteins dramatically increases the number of available T cell epitopes. Together, the results provide new insight into the nature of the gluten antigens that lead to coeliac disease and suggest that glutenin, next to gliadin-derived antigens, may be involved in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y van de Wal
- Department of Immunohaematology and Bloodbank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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41
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Hiemstra HS, van Veelen PA, Geluk A, Schloot NC, de Vries RR, Ottenhoff TH, Roep BO, Drijfhout JW. Limitations of homology searching for identification of T-cell antigens with library derived mimicry epitopes. Vaccine 1999; 18:204-8. [PMID: 10506643 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00328-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mimicry epitopes that are recognized by T-cells can be identified through screening of synthetic peptide libraries. We have shown that these mimicry epitopes share sequence similarity with the corresponding natural epitopes and that mimicry sequences can be used for the definition of protein derived T-cell epitopes from databases. This can be done by either homology searching or pattern searching. Here we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of homology searching as an alternative for the generally applicable recognition pattern approach. We show that only for part of the library derived mimicry epitopes, the degree of similarity to the natural epitope may be high enough for successful homology searching in small databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hiemstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, Netherlands
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42
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Hiemstra HS, van Veelen PA, Willemen SJ, Benckhuijsen WE, Geluk A, de Vries RR, Roep BO, Drijfhout JW. Quantitative determination of TCR cross-reactivity using peptide libraries and protein databases. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:2385-91. [PMID: 10458750 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199908)29:08<2385::aid-immu2385>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A single T cell clone can be activated by many different peptides in the context of a particular HLA molecule. To quantify the number of peptides that can be recognized by a CD4(+) T cell clone, we screened a one-bead-one-peptide synthetic peptide library and a protein database for peptides that stimulate an HLA-DR3-restricted, human glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65)-reactive CD4(+) T cell clone. Both the library screening and the database analysis indicated that this T cell clone is able to recognize approximately 10(6) 11-mer peptides at low nanomolar concentration. Furthermore, we determined that the frequency of cross-reactivity increased only 1.5-3 times when the peptide concentration increased 10 times, in the range of 0.01 - 1 microM. These data imply that there is a considerable potential for T cell cross-reactivity and are useful for studies on the role of molecular mimicry in the etiology of T cell-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hiemstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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43
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Abstract
Elevated MMP activities are implicated in tissue degradation in, e.g., arthritis and cancer. The present study was designed to measure MMP enzyme activity in plasma. Free active MMP is unlikely to be present in plasma: upon entering the circulation, active MMP is expected to be captured by the proteinase inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). Reconstituted MMP-13/alpha 2M complex was unable to degrade collagen (MW 300,000) in contrast to the low-molecular-weight fluorogenic substrate (MW < 1500). Limited access of high-MW substrates to the active site of MMPs captured by alpha 2M presents the most likely explanation. Consistently, the high-MW inhibitor TIMP (MW approximately 28,000) was unable to inhibit MMP/alpha 2M enzyme activity, whereas the low-MW inhibitor BB94 (MW approximately 500) effectively suppressed enzyme activity. By using fluorogenic substrates with Dabcyl/Fluorescein as quencher/fluorophore combin-ation, sensitive MMP-activity assays in plasma were achieved. Spiking of active MMP-13 and MMP-13/alpha 2M complex, and inhibitor studies with TIMP-1 and BB94, indicated that active MMPs are efficiently captured by alpha 2M in plasma. MMP activity was even detected in control plasma, and was significantly increased in plasma from rheumatoid arthritis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Beekman
- Gaubius Laboratory, TNO Prevention and Health, Leiden, The Netherlands
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44
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Ressing ME, de Jong JH, Brandt RM, Drijfhout JW, Benckhuijsen WE, Schreuder GM, Offringa R, Kast WM, Melief CJ. Differential binding of viral peptides to HLA-A2 alleles. Implications for human papillomavirus type 16 E7 peptide-based vaccination against cervical carcinoma. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:1292-303. [PMID: 10229097 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1292::aid-immu1292>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several cancer immune intervention protocols aim at inducing T cell immunity against antigens presented by HLA-A2, the most common human MHC class I molecule. In the context of HLA-A*0201, we previously identified two cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes (E7(11-20) and E7(86-93)) encoded by the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 (HPV16 E7) oncoprotein, which is a tumor-specific antigen for cervical carcinoma. This study reports that the two HPV16 epitopes and a control hepatitis B virus epitope bind equally well to five HLA-A2 alleles (A*0201, A*0202, A*0203, A*0204, and A*0209). These HLA-A2 variants display comparable binding characteristics in accordance with the A2 supertype (M. F. Del Guercio et al., J. Immunol. 1995. 154: 685-693). Cervical carcinoma patients expressing these alleles may benefit from vaccination with the two HPV16 E7 peptides. In contrast, none of the peptides tested bound to A*0207 or A*0208, whereas heterogeneous binding was observed for A*0205 and A*0206. Therefore, the amino acid substitutions that discriminate these HLA-A2 variants from A*0201 affect antigen presentation. Taken together, our findings have implications for application of the A2 supertype concept and for vaccination with A*0201-binding peptides, in particular HPV16 E7 peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ressing
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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45
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de Koster HS, Vermeulen CJ, Hiemstra HS, Amons R, Drijfhout JW, Koning F. Definition of agonists and design of antagonists for alloreactive T cell clones using synthetic peptide libraries. Int Immunol 1999; 11:585-91. [PMID: 10323212 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.4.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloreactive T cells form an important barrier for organ transplantation. To reduce the risk of rejection patients are given immunosuppressive drugs, which increase the chance of infection and the incidence of malignancies. It has been shown that a large proportion of alloreactive T cells specifically recognize peptides present in the groove of the allogeneic MHC molecule. This implies that it might be possible to modulate the alloresponse by peptides with antagonistic properties, thus preventing rejection without the side effects of general immunosuppression. Peptide antagonists can be designed on the basis of the original agonist, yet for alloreactive T cells these agonists are usually unknown. In this study we have used a dedicated synthetic peptide library to identify agonists for HLA-DR3-specific alloreactive T cell clones. Based on these agonists, altered peptide ligands (APL) were designed. Three APL could antagonize an alloreactive T cell clone in its response against the library-derived agonist as well as in its response against the original allodeterminant, HLA-DR3. This demonstrates that peptide libraries can be used to design antagonists for alloreactive T cells without knowledge about the nature of the actual allostimulatory peptide. Since the most potent agonists are selected, this strategy permits detection of potent antagonists. The results, however, also suggest that the degree of peptide dependency of alloreactive T cell clones may dictate whether a peptide antagonist can be found for such clones. Whether peptide antagonists will be valuable in the development of donor-patient-specific immunosuppression may therefore depend on the specificity of the in vivo-generated alloreactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S de Koster
- Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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46
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van der Burg SH, Kwappenberg KM, Geluk A, van der Kruk M, Pontesilli O, Hovenkamp E, Franken KL, van Meijgaarden KE, Drijfhout JW, Ottenhoff TH, Melief CJ, Offringa R. Identification of a conserved universal Th epitope in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase that is processed and presented to HIV-specific CD4+ T cells by at least four unrelated HLA-DR molecules. J Immunol 1999; 162:152-60. [PMID: 9886381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ Th cells play an important role in the induction and maintenance of specific T cell immunity. Indications for a protective role of CD4+ T cells against HIV-1 infection were found in subjects who were able to control HIV-1 viremia as well as in highly HIV-1-exposed, yet seronegative, individuals. This study describes the identification of an HIV-1-specific Th epitope that exhibits high affinity binding as well as high immunogenicity in the context of at least four different HLA-DR molecules that together cover 50-60% of the Caucasian, Oriental, and Negroid populations. This HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-derived peptide (RT171-190) is highly conserved among different HIV-1 isolates. Importantly, stimulation of PBL cultures from HIV-1 seronegative donors with this peptide resulted in Thl-type lymphocytes capable of efficient recognition of HIV-1-pulsed APCs. Taken together, these data indicate that peptide RT171-190 constitutes an attractive component of vaccines aiming at induction or enhancement of HIV-1-specific T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H van der Burg
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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47
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van der Burg SH, Kwappenberg KMC, Geluk A, van der Kruk M, Pontesilli O, Hovenkamp E, Franken KLMC, van Meijgaarden KE, Drijfhout JW, Ottenhoff THM, Melief CJM, Offringa R. Identification of a Conserved Universal Th Epitope in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase That Is Processed and Presented to HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cells by at Least Four Unrelated HLA-DR Molecules. The Journal of Immunology 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.1.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD4+ Th cells play an important role in the induction and maintenance of specific T cell immunity. Indications for a protective role of CD4+ T cells against HIV-1 infection were found in subjects who were able to control HIV-1 viremia as well as in highly HIV-1-exposed, yet seronegative, individuals. This study describes the identification of an HIV-1-specific Th epitope that exhibits high affinity binding as well as high immunogenicity in the context of at least four different HLA-DR molecules that together cover 50–60% of the Caucasian, Oriental, and Negroid populations. This HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-derived peptide (RT171–190) is highly conserved among different HIV-1 isolates. Importantly, stimulation of PBL cultures from HIV-1 seronegative donors with this peptide resulted in Th1-type lymphocytes capable of efficient recognition of HIV-1-pulsed APCs. Taken together, these data indicate that peptide RT171–190 constitutes an attractive component of vaccines aiming at induction or enhancement of HIV-1-specific T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd H. van der Burg
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Kitty M. C. Kwappenberg
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Marjolein van der Kruk
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Oscar Pontesilli
- †CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academical Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert Hovenkamp
- †CLB, Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation, Department of Clinical Viro-Immunology, Laboratory for Experimental and Clinical Immunology, Academical Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees L. M. C. Franken
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Krista E. van Meijgaarden
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Jan-Wouter Drijfhout
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tom H. M. Ottenhoff
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Cornelis J. M. Melief
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Rienk Offringa
- *Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
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48
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Vierboom MP, Feltkamp MC, Neisig A, Drijfhout JW, ter Schegget J, Neefjes JJ, Melief CJ, Kast WM. Peptide vaccination with an anchor-replaced CTL epitope protects against human papillomavirus type 16-induced tumors expressing the wild-type epitope. J Immunother 1998; 21:399-408. [PMID: 9807734 DOI: 10.1097/00002371-199811000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anchor residues in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope-bearing peptides are buried deep in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen-presenting groove and are essential for binding to MHC class I molecules. We investigated whether anchor residue replacement affects the ability of a CTL epitope to be bound and transported by MHC class I molecules and transporter associated with antigen (TAP), respectively, and affects its functionality in vivo. Therefore, both anchor residues, at positions 5 and 9, of the H-2Db-restricted CTL epitope HPV16 E7 49-57 RAHYNIVTF were systematically exchanged for one of the 19 other naturally occurring amino acid (AA). Only replacement at anchor position 9 with residues V, I, L, or M, which are documented Db motif-anchor residues at that position, allowed binding to the MHC class I H-2Db molecule as well as transport by TAP with the same efficiency as the wild-type epitope. In B6 mice (H-2b), these anchor-modified peptide epitopes efficiently induced CTL that specifically recognized the wild-type epitope. Conversely, wild-type epitope-induced CTL recognized the V9-, I9-, L9-, and M9-replaced epitopes, respectively. In terms of tumor protection against a challenge with HPV16-transformed cells, the V9-replaced epitope was as efficient as the wild-type epitope E7 49-57. Taken together, our data demonstrate that specific CTL epitope anchor replacements are allowed with respect to MHC class I binding and TAP transport, as well as with respect to antigenicity and immunogenicity in vivo. The results presented are relevant to CTL epitope-based peptide vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Vierboom
- Department of Immunohematology & Blood Bank, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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ten Dam M, Van De Wal Y, Mearin ML, Kooy Y, Peña S, Drijfhout JW, Koning F, Van Tol M. Anti-alpha-gliadin antibodies (AGA) in the serum of coeliac children and controls recognize an identical collection of linear epitopes of alpha-gliadin. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 114:189-95. [PMID: 9822275 PMCID: PMC1905116 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-gliadin antibodies can be found in the serum of patients with overt and subclinical coeliac disease, but also in that of some controls. The aim of the present study was to identify the linear epitopes of the alpha-gliadin molecule to which the humoral response is directed. Therefore, the IgG and IgA antibody reactivity against an overlapping set of synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of alpha-gliadin was measured in the sera from patients with coeliac disease, from controls with elevated titres of anti-gliadin antibodies and from healthy children using an ELISA technique. The antibodies mainly recognize peptides derived from the N-terminal region of alpha-gliadin, containing the motif QPFXXQXPY. Reactivity was also detected against two other synthetic peptides, which do not contain this motif and represent a sequence encoded further to the C-terminal region of alpha-gliadin. Anti-gliadin antibodies in sera from patients with coeliac disease and from controls recognize the same linear epitopes. Thus, serological investigation of the specificity of these antibodies using a peptide ELISA does not allow discrimination between patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- M ten Dam
- Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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50
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Hiemstra HS, van Veelen PA, Schloot NC, Geluk A, van Meijgaarden KE, Willemen SJ, Leunissen JA, Benckhuijsen WE, Amons R, de Vries RR, Roep BO, Ottenhoff TH, Drijfhout JW. Definition of natural T cell antigens with mimicry epitopes obtained from dedicated synthetic peptide libraries. J Immunol 1998; 161:4078-82. [PMID: 9780178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Progress has recently been made in the use of synthetic peptide libraries for the identification of T cell-stimulating ligands. T cell epitopes identified from synthetic libraries are mimics of natural epitopes. Here we show how the mimicry epitopes obtained from synthetic peptide libraries enable unambiguous identification of natural T cell Ags. Synthetic peptide libraries were screened with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-reactive and -autoreactive T cell clones. In two cases, database homology searches with mimicry epitopes isolated from a dedicated synthetic peptide library allowed immediate identification of the natural antigenic protein. In two other cases, an amino acid pattern that reflected the epitope requirements of the T cell was determined by substitution and omission mixture analysis. Subsequently, the natural Ag was identified from databases using this refined pattern. This approach opens new perspectives for rapid and reliable Ag definition, representing a feasible alternative to the biochemical and genetic approaches described thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Hiemstra
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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