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Yll-Pico M, Park Y, Martinez J, Iniguez A, Kha M, Kim T, Medrano L, Nguyen VH, Kaltcheva T, Dempsey S, Chiuppesi F, Wussow F, Diamond DJ. Highly stable and immunogenic CMV T cell vaccine candidate developed using a synthetic MVA platform. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:68. [PMID: 38555379 PMCID: PMC10981716 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of complications post-transplantation, while a CMV vaccine for transplant recipients has yet to be licensed. Triplex, a multiantigen Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored CMV vaccine candidate based on the immunodominant antigens phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) and immediate-early 1 and 2 (IE1/2), is in an advanced stage of clinical development. However, its limited genetic and expression stability restricts its potential for large-scale production. Using a recently developed fully synthetic MVA (sMVA) platform, we developed a new generation Triplex vaccine candidate, T10-F10, with different sequence modifications for enhanced vaccine stability. T10-F10 demonstrated genetic and expression stability during extensive virus passaging. In addition, we show that T10-F10 confers comparable immunogenicity to the original Triplex vaccine to elicit antigen-specific T cell responses in HLA-transgenic mice. These results demonstrate improvements in translational vaccine properties of an sMVA-based CMV vaccine candidate designed as a therapeutic treatment for transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcal Yll-Pico
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Yoonsuh Park
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joy Martinez
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Angelina Iniguez
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Kha
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Leonard Medrano
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vu H Nguyen
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Hematology and Transplant Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Chiuppesi F, Zaia JA, Gutierrez-Franco MA, Ortega-Francisco S, Ly M, Kha M, Kim T, Dempsey S, Kar S, Grifoni A, Sette A, Wussow F, Diamond DJ. Synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara vaccines confer cross-reactive and protective immunity against mpox virus. Commun Med (Lond) 2024; 4:19. [PMID: 38366141 PMCID: PMC10873322 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the mpox global health emergency caused by mpox virus (MPXV) clade IIb.1 has ended, mpox cases are still reported due to low vaccination coverage and waning immunity. COH04S1 is a clinically evaluated, multiantigen COVID-19 vaccine candidate built on a fully synthetic platform of the highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vector, representing the only FDA-approved smallpox/mpox vaccine JYNNEOS. Given the potential threat of MPXV resurgence and need for vaccine alternatives, we aimed to assess the capacity COH04S1 and its synthetic MVA (sMVA) backbone to confer MPXV-specific immunity. METHODS We evaluated orthopoxvirus-specific and MPXV cross-reactive immune responses in samples collected during a Phase 1 clinical trial of COH04S1 and in non-human primates (NHP) vaccinated with COH04S1 or its sMVA backbone. MPXV cross-reactive immune responses in COH04S1-vaccinated healthy adults were compared to responses measured in healthy subjects vaccinated with JYNNEOS. Additionally, we evaluated the protective efficacy of COH04S1 and sMVA against mpox in mpox-susceptible CAST/EiJ mice. RESULTS COH04S1-vaccinated individuals develop robust orthopoxvirus-specific humoral and cellular responses, including cross-reactive antibodies to MPXV-specific virion proteins as well as MPXV cross-neutralizing antibodies in 45% of the subjects. In addition, NHP vaccinated with COH04S1 or sMVA show similar MPXV cross-reactive antibody responses. Moreover, MPXV cross-reactive humoral responses elicited by COH04S1 are comparable to those measured in JYNNEOS-vaccinated subjects. Finally, we show that mice vaccinated with COH04S1 or sMVA are protected from lung infection following challenge with MPXV clade IIb.1. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the capacity of sMVA vaccines to elicit cross-reactive and protective orthopox-specific immunity against MPXV, suggesting that COH04S1 and sMVA could be developed as bivalent or monovalent mpox vaccine alternatives against MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - John A Zaia
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Gutierrez-Franco
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Ortega-Francisco
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Minh Ly
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mindy Kha
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Don J Diamond
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Kos FJ, Frankel P, Cristea M, Eng M, Tinsley R, Dempsey S, Ruel N, Stewart D, Dellinger TH, Diamond DJ. Immunologic Signatures of Peripheral Blood T Cells Reveal the Outcome of p53MVA Vaccine and Pembrolizumab Treatment in Patients with Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:2585-2595. [PMID: 38032111 PMCID: PMC10732002 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous studies indicated that p53-reactive T cells were associated with clinical benefit in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who were treated with p53-expressing modified vaccinia Ankara (p53MVA) vaccine and gemcitabine chemotherapy. To replace chemotherapy with an approach that will enhance vaccine efficacy and antitumor immunity, we treated patients with p53MVA in combination with PD-1 checkpoint blocker, pembrolizumab. We also attempted to further characterize the activation status of T cells prior to vaccination and during treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients received up to three triweekly vaccinations concurrent with pembrolizumab, followed by pembrolizumab monotherapy at 3-week intervals. Correlative studies analyzed peripheral blood T-cell phenotypes and profiles of immune function gene expression. RESULTS We observed 6/28 (21%) patients with a clinical benefit to therapy, including 3 partial responses (PR) and 3 patients with stable disease (SD) for 6+ months. The median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (95% confidence interval: 1.7-3.8) and median overall survival was 15.1 months (9.4-30.4). Two patients remain progression-free at 28 and 33 months. Of the 18 patients evaluable in correlative studies, 6 were immunologic responders of whom 5 had clinical benefit (3 PR, 2 SD). Immunologic non-responders expressed in pretreatment peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples high levels of mRNA for multiple molecules associated with terminally differentiated T cells. CONCLUSIONS p53MVA/pembrolizumab immunotherapy showed promising antitumor activity in patients who demonstrated functionally competent peripheral blood T cells. Detection of markers of terminally differentiated T cells before treatment may identify patients unlikely to respond to p53MVA/pembrolizumab. SIGNIFICANCE The activity of a combination immunotherapy of p53 vaccine and PD-1 checkpoint blockade in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer was evaluated in a phase II trial. Clinical benefit was correlated with the responsive immune status of patients before and during the treatment, defining potential predictive markers for immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdynand J. Kos
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Paul Frankel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Mihaela Cristea
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Melissa Eng
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Raechelle Tinsley
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Nora Ruel
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California
| | - Daphne Stewart
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Thanh H. Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Mora J, Romo R, Dempsey S, Silva B, Nevels D, Leone GW, Stolley M. A U.S. Cancer Center's Interactive Cancer Education Program for Spanish-Speaking Latinos during COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e43-e44. [PMID: 37785404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in U.S. Latino adults, a group with limited access to screening, higher rates of advanced disease, and prone to online misinformation. Our project created a Facebook Live social media video campaign on general cancer prevention, screening, risk, information, and resources, targeting Spanish-monolingual Latinos during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS/METHODS Our project consisted of a hybrid video campaign model released to Facebook social media platform between October and December 2021, where pre-recorded videos or livestream interviews were delivered in Spanish with auto-generated, language-concordant subtitles to increase accessibility for the hearing-impaired. The videos featured fluent and ethnically concordant cancer topic experts. The content of these videos included introductions to the local academic cancer center as a resource, general cancer risk factors, screening, early detection and lifestyle modifications. The livestream interview format consisted of structured questions followed by time allocation for community members to ask questions in real time through Facebook Live comments. At interview conclusion, the recording was promptly uploaded within minutes for future replay. Performance metrics as reported by Facebook media analytics were collected, including total views, people reached, impressions, engagements, and shares. RESULTS A total of 7 videos (4 pre-recorded, 3 livestream interviews) were released onto Facebook social media platform generating 2 hours, 55 minutes, and 32 seconds of playtime, 161 shares, 1000 engagements, 12,000 views, 19,000 people reached, and 34,000 impressions from October 2021 to January 2022. The video with the most views (4,400), people reached (7,100), and impressions (10,000) was the pre-recorded "The importance of a healthy diet in the prevention of cancer." The video with the least views (355), people reached (747), and impressions (904) was the livestream interview, "Cancer and nutrition." The pre-recorded videos accumulated more views (9,607) than the livestream interviews (2,707). The highest performing livestream interview by views, people reached, impressions, shares, and engagements were, "Cancer in the Latino community." CONCLUSION Our project bidirectionally engaged Spanish-monolingual Latino community members and culturally/linguistically concordant cancer experts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Strengths included developing community partnerships and collaborations, providing evidence-based cancer information in a culturally responsive manner to a marginalized group, and presenting an academic cancer center as an accessible resource to its community. Programmatic efforts to improve our project include formalizing evaluation strategies to capture medical engagement via cancer screening and detection rates, delivering focused cancer discussions by disease sites, and further expanding audience base through mixed media formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mora
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Boston, MA
| | - R Romo
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | - B Silva
- Milwaukee Area Technical College, Milwaukee, WI
| | - D Nevels
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - G W Leone
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - M Stolley
- Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI
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Chiuppesi F, Ortega-Francisco S, Gutierrez MA, Li J, Ly M, Faircloth K, Mack-Onyeike J, La Rosa C, Thomas S, Zhou Q, Drake J, Slape C, Fernando P, Rida W, Kaltcheva T, Grifoni A, Sette A, Patterson A, Dempsey S, Ball B, Ali H, Salhotra A, Stein A, Nathwani N, Rosenzweig M, Nikolaenko L, Al Malki MM, Dickter J, Nanayakkara DD, Puing A, Forman SJ, Taplitz RA, Zaia JA, Nakamura R, Wussow F, Diamond DJ, Dadwal SS. Stimulation of Potent Humoral and Cellular Immunity via Synthetic Dual-Antigen MVA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine COH04S1 in Cancer Patients Post Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1492. [PMID: 37766168 PMCID: PMC10538048 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell patients are immunocompromised, remain at high risk following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and are less likely than immunocompetent individuals to respond to vaccination. As part of the safety lead-in portion of a phase 2 clinical trial in patients post HCT/CAR-T for hematological malignancies (HM), we tested the immunogenicity of the synthetic modified vaccinia Ankara-based COVID-19 vaccine COH04S1 co-expressing spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. Thirteen patients were vaccinated 3-12 months post HCT/CAR-T with two to four doses of COH04S1. SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies to ancestral virus and variants of concern (VOC), were measured up to six months post vaccination and compared to immune responses in historical cohorts of naïve healthy volunteers (HV) vaccinated with COH04S1 and naïve healthcare workers (HCW) vaccinated with the FDA-approved mRNA vaccine Comirnaty® (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA). After one or two COH04S1 vaccine doses, HCT/CAR-T recipients showed a significant increase in S- and N-specific binding antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies with potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and VOC, including the highly immune evasive Omicron XBB.1.5 variant. Furthermore, vaccination with COH04S1 resulted in a significant increase in S- and N-specific T cells, predominantly CD4+ T lymphocytes. Elevated S- and N-specific immune responses continued to persist at six months post vaccination. Furthermore, both humoral and cellular immune responses in COH04S1-vaccinated HCT/CAR-T patients were superior or comparable to those measured in COH04S1-vaccinated HV or Comirnaty®-vaccinated HCW. These results demonstrate robust stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 S- and N-specific immune responses including cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies by COH04S1 in HM patients post HCT/CAR-T, supporting further testing of COH04S1 in immunocompromised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Sandra Ortega-Francisco
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Miguel-Angel Gutierrez
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Minh Ly
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Katelyn Faircloth
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Jada Mack-Onyeike
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Corinna La Rosa
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Sandra Thomas
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Jennifer Drake
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.D.); (C.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Cynthia Slape
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.D.); (C.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Paolo Fernando
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (J.D.); (C.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Wasima Rida
- Independent Researcher, Arlington, VA 22205, USA;
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (A.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Patterson
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Brian Ball
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Haris Ali
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Amandeep Salhotra
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Anthony Stein
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Nitya Nathwani
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Michael Rosenzweig
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Liana Nikolaenko
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Monzr M. Al Malki
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Jana Dickter
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Deepa D. Nanayakkara
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Alfredo Puing
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Randy A. Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (R.A.T.); (S.S.D.)
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John A. Zaia
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Hematology and HCT, Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (F.C.); (S.O.-F.); (M.-A.G.); (J.L.); (K.F.); (J.M.-O.); (C.L.R.); (S.T.); (Q.Z.); (T.K.); (A.P.); (S.D.); (B.B.); (H.A.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (N.N.); (M.R.); (L.N.); (M.M.A.M.); (J.D.); (D.D.N.); (S.J.F.); (R.N.); (F.W.)
| | - Sanjeet S. Dadwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (R.A.T.); (S.S.D.)
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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La Rosa C, Aldoss I, Park Y, Yang D, Zhou Q, Gendzekhadze K, Kaltcheva T, Rida W, Dempsey S, Arslan S, Artz A, Ball B, Nikolaenko L, Pullarkat VA, Nakamura R, Diamond DJ. Hematopoietic stem cell donor vaccination with cytomegalovirus triplex augments frequencies of functional and durable cytomegalovirus-specific T cells in the recipient: A novel strategy to limit antiviral prophylaxis. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:588-597. [PMID: 36594185 PMCID: PMC10294297 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To enhance protective cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells in immunosuppressed recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), we evaluated post-HCT impact of vaccinating healthy HCT donors with Triplex. Triplex is a viral vectored recombinant vaccine expressing three immunodominant CMV antigens. The vector is modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), an attenuated, non-replicating poxvirus derived from the vaccinia virus strain Ankara. It demonstrated tolerability and immunogenicity in healthy adults and HCT recipients, in whom it also reduced CMV reactivation. Here, we report feasibility, safety, and immunological outcomes of a pilot phase 1 trial (NCT03560752 at ClinicalTrials.gov) including 17 CMV-seropositive recipients who received an HCT from a matched related donor (MRD) vaccinated with 5.1 × 108 pfu/ml of Triplex before cell harvest (median 15, range 11-28 days). Donor and recipient pairs who committed to participation in the trial resulted in exceptional adherence to the protocol. Triplex was well-tolerated with limited adverse events in donors and recipients, who all engrafted with full donor chimerism. On day 28 post-HCT, levels of functional vaccinia- and CMV-specific CD137+ CD8+ T cells were significantly higher (p < .0001 and p = .0174, respectively) in recipients of Triplex vaccinated MRD than unvaccinated MRD (control cohort). Predominantly, central and effector memory CMV-specific T-cell responses continued to steadily expand through 1-year follow-up. CMV viremia requiring antivirals developed in three recipients (18%). In summary, this novel approach represents a promising strategy applicable to different HCT settings for limiting the use of antiviral prophylaxis, which can impair and delay CMV-specific immunity, leading to CMV reactivation requiring treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna La Rosa
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Yoonsuh Park
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ketevan Gendzekhadze
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Shukaib Arslan
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Andrew Artz
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Brian Ball
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Liana Nikolaenko
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Vinod A Pullarkat
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
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Dempsey S, R Alijshi R, Corcoran S, Curley A. A Guide for Clinicians supporting Women and Families navigating Surrogacy. Ir Med J 2023; 116:731. [PMID: 37555787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
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Chiuppesi F, Zaia JA, Faircloth K, Johnson D, Ly M, Karpinski V, La Rosa C, Drake J, Marcia J, Acosta AM, Dempsey S, Taplitz RA, Zhou Q, Park Y, Ortega Francisco S, Kaltcheva T, Frankel PH, Rosen S, Wussow F, Dadwal S, Diamond DJ. Vaccine-induced spike- and nucleocapsid-specific cellular responses maintain potent cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. iScience 2022; 25:104745. [PMID: 35846380 PMCID: PMC9272674 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity may contribute to providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOC). We developed COH04S1, a synthetic multiantigen modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-based COVID-19 vaccine that stimulated potent spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigen-specific humoral and cellular immunity in a phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults. Here, we show that individuals vaccinated with COH04S1 or mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 maintain robust cross-reactive cellular immunity for six or more months post-vaccination. Although neutralizing antibodies induced in COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees showed reduced activity against Delta and Omicron variants compared to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, S-specific T cells elicited in both COH04S1- and BNT162b2-vaccinees and N-specific T cells elicited in COH04S1-vaccinees demonstrated potent and equivalent cross-reactivity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and the major VOC. These results suggest that vaccine-induced T cells to S and N antigens may constitute a critical second line of defense to provide long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Chiuppesi
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John A. Zaia
- Center for Gene Therapy, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Katelyn Faircloth
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daisy Johnson
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Minh Ly
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Veronica Karpinski
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Corinna La Rosa
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jennifer Drake
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Joan Marcia
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ann Marie Acosta
- Clinical Trials Office, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Shannon Dempsey
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Randy A. Taplitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yoonsuh Park
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sandra Ortega Francisco
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Teodora Kaltcheva
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Paul H. Frankel
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Steven Rosen
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Felix Wussow
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjeet Dadwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Don J. Diamond
- Department of Hematology and HCT and Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author
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Dempsey S. SP-0284: The role of the Radiation TherapisT (RTT) in brain tumour support groups. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)40282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Dempsey C, Govindarajulu G, Sridharan S, Dempsey S, Capp A, O'Brien P. The Changing Nature of HDR Brachytherapy for Cervix Cancer: How the Clinical Target Volume Affects the Historical Prescription Dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Giles E, Dempsey S, Chiswell M, Wright C, Bridge P, Charlton N. A survey to evaluate the implementation of a national clinical assessment form. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2051-3909.2012.tb00179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Giles
- School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia
| | - S Dempsey
- School of Health Sciences; University of Newcastle; Callaghan New South Wales 2308 Australia
| | - M Chiswell
- Discipline of Medical Radiations; RMIT University; Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia
| | - C Wright
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - P Bridge
- Medical Radiation Science Discipline; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - N Charlton
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences; University of Sydney; Lidcombe New South Wales 2141 Australia
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Abstract
Cutaneous involvement is often an initial presentation of infection with Fusarium species, which occurs more commonly in immunocompromised hosts and may be either localized or widespread. Skin lesions typically appear as red or grey macules, which may develop central ulceration and black eschar. Secondary dissemination to extracutaneous organs may occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially those with prolonged and severe neutropenia. We describe a case of widespread cutaneous involvement after infection with Fusarium solani in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia that responded successfully to treatment with prolonged liposomal amphotericin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Cooke
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
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Ayres JG, Semple S, MacCalman L, Dempsey S, Hilton S, Hurley JF, Miller BG, Naji A, Petticrew M. Bar workers' health and environmental tobacco smoke exposure (BHETSE): symptomatic improvement in bar staff following smoke-free legislation in Scotland. Occup Environ Med 2009; 66:339-46. [PMID: 19208693 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2008.040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine changes in the health of bar workers after smoke-free legislation was introduced. DESIGN Longitudinal study following bar workers from before legislation introduction, at 2 months after introduction and at 1 year to control for seasonal differences. SETTING Bars across a range of socio-economic settings in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS 371 bar workers recruited from 72 bars. INTERVENTION Introduction of smoke-free legislation prohibiting smoking in enclosed public places, including bars. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Change in prevalence of self-reported respiratory and sensory symptoms. RESULTS Of the 191 (51%) workers seen at 1-year follow-up, the percentage reporting any respiratory symptom fell from 69% to 57% (p = 0.02) and for sensory symptoms from 75% to 64% (p = 0.02) following reductions in exposure, effects being greater at 2 months, probably partly due to seasonal effects. Excluding respondents who reported having a cold at either baseline or 1 year, the reduction in respiratory symptoms was similar although greater for "any" sensory symptom (69% falling to 54%, p = 0.011). For non-smokers (n = 57) the reductions in reported symptoms were significant for phlegm production (32% to 14%, p = 0.011) and red/irritated eyes (44% to 18%, p = 0.001). Wheeze (48% to 31%, p = 0.006) and breathlessness (42% to 29%, p = 0.038) improved significantly in smokers. There was no relationship between change in salivary cotinine levels and change in symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Bar workers in Scotland reported significantly fewer respiratory and sensory symptoms 1 year after their working environment became smoke free. As these improvements, controlled for seasonal variations, were seen in both non-smokers and smokers, smoke-free working environments may have potentially important benefits even for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Ayres
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Liberty Safe Work Research Centre, Aberdeen, UK.
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Miller BG, Colvin AP, Hutchison PA, Tait H, Dempsey S, Lewis D, Soutar CA. A normative study of levels of uranium in the urine of British Forces personnel. Occup Environ Med 2008; 65:398-403. [PMID: 17933886 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2007.033381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) controls a biological monitoring programme that includes testing for uranium in personnel who served in the conflict in Iraq in 2003. To help interpret the results, the MoD commissioned this study to quantify a normative reference distribution of urinary uranium concentrations in military personnel who had not served in that conflict. METHODS The study selected and visited various military establishments to recruit a representative mix of ranks, genders and occupational groups (combat, support and auxiliary). A standardised protocol and recruitment questionnaire were used. The 125 ml spot urine samples collected were analysed for uranium and creatinine concentrations and (where possible) for uranium isotope (238)U/(235)U ratio. RESULTS Samples from 732 eligible subjects were analysed. Adjusted uranium concentrations ranged up to 556 ng.g(-1) creatinine, somewhat higher than reference values quoted for the USA but much lower than recorded in granite areas such as Finland. Isotope ratio measurements were available for 125 samples (17%) with the highest concentrations; these all had a natural isotope signature and no evidence of depleted uranium (DU). On average, urinary uranium concentrations were somewhat lower in officers than in other ranks; they differed also across the services, the Navy being lowest and the Army highest. The levels give no concern regarding health risks in the personnel studied. CONCLUSION Since even the highest values were from natural sources, we assume the differences represent differences in ingestion of natural uranium. Definition of a reference distribution or normal values will depend on the subpopulation of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Miller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Scotland, UK.
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Coggon D, Miller BG, Colvin AP, Hutchison PA, Tait H, Dempsey S, Lewis D, Soutar CA, Sim MR, Kelsall H, McKenzie D, Leder K, Ross J, Ikin J, Forbes A, Baste V, Riise T, Moen BE, Venables KM, Carpenter LM. Military mini-symposium. Occup Environ Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1136/oem.64.12.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Percy MJ, van Wijk R, Haggan S, Savage GA, Boyd K, Dempsey S, Hamilton J, Kettle P, Kyle A, Shepherd CW, van Solinge WW, Lappin TRJ, McMullin MF. Pyruvate kinase deficient hemolytic anemia in the Northern Irish population. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 39:189-94. [PMID: 17574881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A common cause of hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia is pyruvate kinase deficiency, which is associated with lifelong chronic hemolysis. Pyruvate kinase deficiency has a worldwide distribution with a higher prevalence in the Caucasian population, and especially in Europe and North America. It is inherited in an autosomal fashion and over 180 different mutations have been described. Investigation of hemolytic anemia in Northern Ireland has uncovered 4 new cases of pyruvate kinase deficiency. Molecular investigation revealed a total of six different mutations. One mutation (p.Arg495Val) is reported here for the first time in a homozygous patient. Another mutant PKLR allele harbored a nonsense and frameshift mutation in cis: c.[721G>T; 826delG]. Considering the three previously described Irish cases of pyruvate kinase deficiency, this study raises the total number of pyruvate kinase-deficient Irish patients to seven in which a total of nine mutant PKLR alleles were identified. This indicates the absence of a founder pyruvate kinase mutation in the Northern Ireland population. Although pyruvate kinase deficiency is prevalent in the Caucasian population it is not reflected in the number of individuals diagnosed in Northern Ireland. Hence, many cases of pyruvate kinase deficiency may remain undetected possibly due to the resultant anemia being mild.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Percy
- Department of Haematology, Floor C, Tower Block, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland.
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17
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O'Donovan A, O'Shea E, O'Loughlin M, Hogan M, Mullaney L, Dempsey S, Moriarty M, McKenzie K. 85 A randomised trial of the impact of an educational support group for prostate cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(05)81063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Horscroft N, Bellows D, Ansari I, Lai VCH, Dempsey S, Liang D, Donis R, Zhong W, Hong Z. Establishment of a subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus in Huh-7 cells and modulation of interferon-regulated factor 3-mediated antiviral response. J Virol 2005; 79:2788-96. [PMID: 15708997 PMCID: PMC548457 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.5.2788-2796.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of a selectable, bi-cistronic subgenomic replicon for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in Huh-7 cells, similar to that established for hepatitis C virus (HCV). The selection marker and reporter (Luc-Ubi-Neo) in the BVDV replicon was fused with the amino-terminal protease N(pro), and expression of the nonstructural proteins (NS3 to NS5B) was driven by an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. This BVDV replicon allows us to compare RNA replication of these two related viruses in a similar cellular background and to identify antiviral molecules specific for HCV RNA replication. The BVDV replicon showed similar sensitivity as the HCV replicon to interferons (alpha, beta, and gamma) and 2'-beta-C-methyl ribonucleoside inhibitors. Known nonnucleoside inhibitor molecules specific for either HCV or BVDV can be easily distinguished by using the parallel replicon systems. The HCV replicon has been shown to block, via the NS3/4A serine protease, Sendai virus-induced activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a key antiviral signaling molecule. Similar suppression of IRF-3-mediated responses was also observed with the Huh-7-BVDV replicon but was independent of NS3/4A protease activity. Instead, the amino-terminal cysteine protease N(pro) of BVDV appears to be, at least partly, responsible for suppressing IRF-3 activation induced by Sendai virus infection. This result suggests that different viruses, including those closely related, may have developed unique mechanisms for evading host antiviral responses. The parallel BVDV and HCV replicon systems provide robust counterscreens to distinguish viral specificity of small-molecule inhibitors of viral replication and to study the interactions of the viral replication machinery with the host cell innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Horscroft
- Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, 3300 Hyland Ave., Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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19
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Lai VCH, Dempsey S, Lau JYN, Hong Z, Zhong W. In vitro RNA replication directed by replicase complexes isolated from the subgenomic replicon cells of hepatitis C virus. J Virol 2003; 77:2295-300. [PMID: 12525668 PMCID: PMC140981 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.3.2295-2300.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in virus-infected cells is believed to be catalyzed by viral replicase complexes (RCs), which may consist of various virally encoded nonstructural proteins and host factors. In this study, we characterized the RC activity of a crude membrane fraction isolated from HCV subgenomic replicon cells. The RC preparation was able to use endogenous replicon RNA as a template to synthesize both single-stranded (ss) and double-stranded (ds) RNA products. Divalent cations (Mg2+ and Mn2+) showed different effects on RNA synthesis. Mg2+ ions stimulated the synthesis of ss RNA but had little effect on the synthesis of ds RNA. In contrast, Mn2+ ions enhanced primarily the synthesis of ds RNA. Interestingly, ss RNA could be synthesized under certain conditions in the absence of ds RNA, and vice versa, suggesting that the ss and ds RNA were derived either from different forms of replicative intermediates or from different RCs. Pulse-chase analysis showed that radioactivity incorporated into the ss RNA was chased into the ds RNA and other larger RNA species. This observation indicated that the newly synthesized ss RNA could serve as a template for a further round of RNA synthesis. Finally, 3' deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were able to inhibit RNA synthesis in this cell-free system, presumably through chain termination, with 3' dGTP having the highest potency. Establishment of the replicase assay will facilitate the identification and evaluation of potential inhibitors that would act against the entire RC of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky C H Lai
- Department of Drug Discovery, Research and Development, Ribapharm, Inc., Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA.
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20
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Cheney IW, Lai VCH, Zhong W, Brodhag T, Dempsey S, Lim C, Hong Z, Lau JYN, Tam RC. Comparative analysis of anti-hepatitis C virus activity and gene expression mediated by alpha, beta, and gamma interferons. J Virol 2002; 76:11148-54. [PMID: 12368359 PMCID: PMC136623 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.21.11148-11154.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct comparison of the inhibitory effects of alpha, beta, and gamma interferons (IFNs) on replication of a hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon in a hepatoma cell line revealed similarities in antiviral potency. However, alternate IFN-induced antiviral mechanisms were suggested following observations of striking differences between IFN-gamma and IFN-alpha/beta with respect to strength and durability of the antiviral response and the magnitude and pattern of IFN-mediated gene expression.
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21
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Tighe PJ, Stevens SE, Dempsey S, Le Deist F, Rieux-Laucat F, Edgar JDM. Inactivation of the Fas gene by Alu insertion: retrotransposition in an intron causing splicing variation and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome. Genes Immun 2002; 3 Suppl 1:S66-70. [PMID: 12215906 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2001] [Revised: 02/01/2002] [Accepted: 02/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the Fas (apo-1, CD95) gene result in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS). These mutations are dominated by small deletions and point mutations that result in splicing errors or missense changes. We report here a novel mutation caused by retrotransposon insertion, which results in loss of exon 8 and ALPS. A father and son suffering from recurrent lymphadenopathy were examined for resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. A functional defect was detected and RT-PCR analysis revealed two different copies of Fas mRNA, one normal and a second shorter version lacking exon 8. DNA analysis of the genomic region between exons seven and nine in the longer copy revealed two PCR products, one being 331 base pairs (bp) longer than expected. Sequencing revealed that intron 7 had undergone an insertion event with an Alu element (99.31% homology with Alu-Sb1) of 331 bp. This element included a 34-bp Poly A tract that was flanked on each side by a perfect 17 bp direct duplication of the target site. Both patients were heterozygous for the mutated allele that produced Fas mRNA lacking exon 8, although not due to loss of a splice junction. The structure of the insertion suggests that the Alu element may have integrated by retrotransposition, and represents the first report of a retrotransposon causing ALPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Tighe
- Division of Molecular Immunology, University Hospital, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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22
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Cheney IW, Naim S, Lai VCH, Dempsey S, Bellows D, Walker MP, Shim JH, Horscroft N, Hong Z, Zhong W. Mutations in NS5B polymerase of hepatitis C virus: impacts on in vitro enzymatic activity and viral RNA replication in the subgenomic replicon cell culture. Virology 2002; 297:298-306. [PMID: 12083828 DOI: 10.1006/viro.2002.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) essential for virus replication. Several consensus sequence motifs have been identified in NS5B, some of which have been shown to be critical for its enzymatic activity. A unique beta-hairpin structure located between amino acids 443 and 454 in the thumb subdomain has also been shown to play an important role in ensuring terminal initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro. However, the importance of these sequence and structural elements in viral RNA replication in infected cells has not been established, mainly due to the lack of a reliable cell culture system for HCV. In this study, we investigated the effect of several single amino acid substitutions and beta-hairpin truncations in NS5B on viral RNA replication by using the subgenomic replicon cell culture system. A strong correlation between in vitro polymerase activity and viral RNA replication was observed with most of the substitutions. Interestingly, truncations of the beta-hairpin (by four and eight amino acid residues, respectively), which did not reduce the in vitro enzymatic activity, completely abolished the ability of the replicon RNA to replicate in Huh-7 cells, demonstrating its essential role in viral RNA replication. Furthermore, a conservative substitution in motif D, from an arginine residue (AMTR(345)), which is conserved among all HCV isolates, to a lysine residue, resulted in significant improvements in both transient RNA replication and colony formation efficiencies. This result also correlates with a previous observation that the enzymatic activity of NS5B increased by about 50% when the same NS5B substitution was introduced (V. Lohmann, F. Korner, U. Herian, and R. Bartenschlager, J. Virol. 1997, 71, 8416-8428).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wayne Cheney
- Drug Discovery, Ribapharm, Inc., 3300 Hyland Avenue, Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA
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23
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Murray L, McCarron P, Bailie K, Middleton R, Davey Smith G, Dempsey S, McCarthy A, Gavin A. Association of early life factors and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood: historical cohort study. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:356-61. [PMID: 11875699 PMCID: PMC2375228 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2001] [Revised: 10/02/2001] [Accepted: 10/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a historical cohort study of all singleton live births in Northern Ireland from 1971-86 (n=434,933) associations between early life factors and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were investigated. Multivariable analyses showed a positive association between high paternal age (> or =35 years) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (relative risk=1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.96--2.31) but no association with maternal age. High birth weight (> or =3500 g) was positively associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (relative risk=1.66; 95% CI=1.18--2.33). Children of mothers with a previous miscarriage or increased gestation (> or =40 weeks) had reduced risks of ALL (respective relative risks=0.49; 95% CI=0.29--0.80, and 0.67; 95% CI=0.48--0.94). Children born into more crowded households (> or =1 person per room) had substantially lower risks than children born into less crowded homes with also some evidence of a lower risk for children born into homes with three adults (relative risks=0.56; 95% CI=0.35-0.91 and 0.58; 95% CI=0.21-1.61 respectively). These findings indicate that several early life factors, including living conditions in childhood and maternal miscarriage history, influence risk of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Murray
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The Queens University, Belfast, Riddel Hall, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5EE, UK.
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24
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Edgar JD, Smyth AE, Pritchard J, Lammas D, Jouanguy E, Hague R, Novelli V, Dempsey S, Sweeney L, Taggart AJ, O'hara D, Casanova JL, Kumararatne DS. Interferon-gamma receptor deficiency mimicking Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. J Pediatr 2001; 139:600-3. [PMID: 11598613 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.117068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two patients who were initially given a diagnosis of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis on the basis of the clinical, radiologic, and biopsy findings had mycobacterial infection subsequently identified. The correct diagnosis of dominant partial interferon-gamma receptor deficiency was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Edgar
- Regional Immunology Service, The Royal Hospitals, Belfast, N Ireland, United Kingdom
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25
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Gilmore RC, Baker J, Dempsey S, Marchan R, Corprew RN, Byrd G, Maeda N, Smithies O, Bukoski RD, Harewood KR, Chatterjee PK. Using PAC nested deletions to order contigs and microsatellite markers at the high repetitive sequence containing Npr3 gene locus. Gene 2001; 275:65-72. [PMID: 11574153 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly polymorphic di- and tetranucleotide repeats in and around Npr3, a potential candidate gene for hypertension, have been identified using a novel approach. Because this chromosomal site is rich in repetitive DNA and difficult to sequence, P1 artificial chromosomes were retrofitted with a loxP transposon to map the gene sequence within a clone using a series of nested deletions. Sequences from ends of deletions 1-3 kb apart identified a (CA)(20) and a (TA)(18)-(CA)(8) repeat 8 kb upstream and within an intron of Npr3, respectively. DNA from 17 individuals was analyzed for length polymorphisms in these and eight additional repeats identified in 200 kb of working draft sequence from this region in GenBank. The sequence contigs and microsatellite repeats from GenBank were ordered using the P1-derived artificial chromosome deletion series. Several of these repeats were found to vary considerably in length in the set of genomic DNA tested. Since this site in chromosome 5p has recently been implicated in disease in studies with genetically hypertensive rats, the microsatellite markers reported here will be useful for genetic analysis and may even be implicated in the disease process in humans. We discuss how these types of data are useful for interpreting draft DNA sequence coming out of the genome projects, and the utility of deletion clones as a resource for ordering contigs and gap filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Gilmore
- Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville Street, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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26
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Herrera GA, Russell WJ, Isaac J, Turbat-Herrera EA, Tagouri YM, Sanders PW, Picken MM, Dempsey S. Glomerulopathic light chain-mesangial cell interactions modulate in vitro extracellular matrix remodeling and reproduce mesangiopathic findings documented in vivo. Ultrastruct Pathol 1999; 23:107-26. [PMID: 10369104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Glomerulopathic light chains (LCs) are associated with two distinct mesangiopathies: AL (light-chain-related) amyloidosis and light-chain deposition disease (LCDD) with immunomorphologic features that are well documented in the literature. Even though both conditions are caused by monoclonal LCs, these entities differ dramatically in their morphologic expressions. In AL amyloidosis the mesangial matrix is replaced by amyloid fibrils, while in LCDD the matrix increases as a consequence of deposition of excess extracellular matrix (ECM). The immunomorphologic mesangial alterations observed in biopsy material are closely reproduced in vitro when mesangial cells grown on an artificial matrix are incubated with monoclonal light chains obtained from the urine of patients with either condition. This article summarizes previously reported data, reports new findings, and focuses on integrating all the available information on the subject. When mesangial cells are incubated with LCDD-LCs, production of ECM proteins (collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, and tenascin) is increased, with maximum effect at 72 hours post LC treatment. A concomitant decrease in collagenase IV activity further accentuates the accumulation of mesangial matrix. These effects are mediated through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) activation. In contrast, when mesangial cells are incubated with Am-LCs, a decrease in ECM protein production and a stimulatory effect on collagenase IV is observed, which results in matrix degradation and facilitates amyloid deposition. The decreased TGF-beta documented in the literature in this setting precludes adequate matrix repair. These findings substantiate the morphologic alterations observed in renal biopsy specimens and in the in vitro model. Using this in vitro model, it is then possible to delineate the LC interactions with putative receptors at the mesangial cell surface that regulate mesangial cell pathobiologic responses and mesangial matrix homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Herrera
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA
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27
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Harwell TS, Casten RJ, Armstrong KA, Dempsey S, Coons HL, Davis M. Results of a domestic violence training program offered to the staff of urban community health centers. Evaluation Committee of the Philadelphia Family Violence Working Group. Am J Prev Med 1998; 15:235-42. [PMID: 9791642 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Domestic violence (DV) against women often goes unrecognized by health care providers due to multiple barriers. In an effort to increase screening, identification, and referral for services, the RADAR Training Project was created for the health care staff of 12 federally qualified community health centers (CHCs). METHODS A two-phase evaluation was conducted to assess the intervention. Phase one evaluated the health care providers' perceived knowledge and comfort pre-training, post-training, and at 3 months follow-up. The second phase included a medical chart review of 4 CHCs to assess the rates of screening, documentation of abuse, assessment of safety, and referrals for help at baseline (6 months pre-training) as compared to the intervention period (6 months post-training). RESULTS The health care providers' perceived level of knowledge and comfort increased significantly post-training and then later decreased at 3 months follow-up. The rate of screening for DV (25% vs. 5%), suspicion of DV (6% vs. 2%), completion of safety assessments (17% vs. 5%), and referrals (4% vs. 0%) increased significantly between the intervention and baseline periods. However, the rates of documentation of abuse did not change. CONCLUSIONS This intervention was successful in increasing provider perceived knowledge and comfort; however, comfort decreased at follow-up. Additionally, the rates of screening and referrals increased 6 months post-training. Health care provider training and support and integrated quality assurance mechanisms may be necessary to increase the overall rate of these activities, and to sustain this effort over time. Further study is needed to identify effective methods to increase provider comfort regarding DV screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Harwell
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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28
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Bartunek J, Dempsey S, Weinberg EO, Ito N, Tajima M, Rohrbach S, Lorell BH. Chronic L-arginine treatment increases cardiac cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate in rats with aortic stenosis: effects on left ventricular mass and beta-adrenergic contractile reserve. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32:528-35. [PMID: 9708487 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) signaling is deficient in pressure overload hypertrophy due to ascending aortic stenosis, and that long-term L-arginine treatment will increase cardiac cyclic GMP production and modify left ventricular (LV) pressure overload hypertrophy and beta-adrenergic contractile response. BACKGROUND Nitric oxide cyclic GMP signaling is postulated to depress vascular growth, but its effects on cardiac hypertrophic growth are controversial. METHODS Forty control rats and 40 rats with aortic stenosis left ventricular hypertrophy ([LVH] group) were randomized to receive either L-arginine (0.40 g/kg/day) or no drug for 6 weeks. RESULTS The dose of L-arginine did not alter systemic blood pressure. Animals with LVH had similar LV constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) mRNA and protein levels, and LV cyclic GMP levels as compared with age-matched controls. In rats with LVH L-arginine treatment led to a 35% increase in cNOS protein levels (p = 0.09 vs untreated animals with LVH) and a 1.7-fold increase in LV cyclic GMP levels (p < 0.05 vs untreated animals with LVH). However, L-arginine treatment did not suppress LVH in the animals with aortic stenosis. In contrast, in vivo LV systolic pressure was depressed in L-arginine treated versus untreated rats with LVH (163 +/- 16 vs 198 +/- 10 mm Hg, p < 0.05). In addition, the contractile response to isoproterenol was blunted in both isolated intact hearts and isolated myocytes from L-arginine treated rats with LVH compared with untreated rats with LVH. This effect was mediated by a blunted increase in peak systolic intracellular calcium in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Left ventricular hypertrophy due to chronic mechanical systolic pressure overload is not characterized by a deficiency of LV cNOS and cyclic GMP levels. In rats with aortic stenosis, L-arginine treatment increased cardiac levels of cyclic GMP, but it did not modify cardiac mass in rats with aortic stenosis. However, long-term stimulation of NO-cyclic GMP signaling depressed in vivo LV systolic function in LVH rats and markedly blunted the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bartunek
- Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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29
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Abstract
Lithium is a monovalent cation that influences calcium metabolism in various tissues including the brain, kidney, heart, and parathyroid gland. Mr. A received treatment with lithium for 19 years because this medication proved to be effective in the management of his bipolar illness. However, he developed hypercalcemia, hypertension, and episodes of severe bradyarrhythmia (one of them requiring admission to the medical intensive care unit), with lithium levels within the therapeutic range. An extended endocrine workup showed hyperparathyroidism, with elevated serum parathyroid hormone levels, hypercalcemia, hypocalciuria, and normal serum phosphate levels. These biochemical findings are different from those of primary hyperparathyroidism and are attributed to direct actions of the lithium in the kidney. Discontinuation of the lithium did not result in reversal of the abnormal findings. The patient had surgery, and hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland was found. After parathyroidectomy, the bradyarrhythmia subsided and the patient showed improvement both in his psychiatric condition and hypertension. Preliminary observations in nine other lithium-induced hypercalcemic patients show a high frequency of arrhythmias with bradycardia and conduction defects. These findings suggest that hypercalcemia with lithium increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmia and emphasize the need for regular laboratory and electrocardiographic monitoring of patients on maintenance lithium therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Wolf
- Mental Health Services, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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30
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Abstract
The maize NCS6 mitochondrial mutation is a partial deletion of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) that survives heteroplasmically in the plant. Mutant mitochondria segregate from normal mitochondria during somatic development giving rise to defective sectors on the plants, including areas of kernel abortion on the ears. Embryos from NCS6 kernels can be rescued by tissue culture. Slowly growing Type II callus derived from one of these embryos has been shown by PCR analysis to be homoplasmic for the mutation, carrying only the defective mitochondrial cox2 gene. Most of the rescued embryos were heteroplasmic for normal and mutant genes and heteroplasmy was maintained in the callus cultures. However, when suspension cultures were initiated from heteroplasmic calli, normal cells were shown to have a selective advantage. When the homoplasmic cox2 mutant callus cultures were placed on regeneration medium, plantlets did not regenerate. Heteroplasmic calli were capable of regeneration under the same conditions. These studies suggest that the functioning of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is not essential for growth as callus, but is required for the differentiation and development of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
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31
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Mauceri HJ, Unterman T, Dempsey S, Lee WH, Conway S. Effect of ethanol exposure on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I and II, and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in fetal rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993; 17:1201-6. [PMID: 7509575 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Maternal ethanol (ETOH) exposure is associated with impaired fetal growth. Because insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to be important in the regulation of fetal somatic growth, we examined the influence of maternal ETOH exposure on fetal growth and plasma levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the rat model. Control (A) dams were fed a standard rat chow ad libitum. ETOH (E) consuming dams were fed a 36% ETOH diet, and pair-fed (P) dams were fed isocaloric amounts of a control liquid diet. All animals were killed on day 20 of gestation. Plasma concentrations of IGF-I and -II were determined by radioimmunoassay after formic acid-acetone extraction and heat inactivation of IGFBPs. Levels of IGFBPs in fetal plasma were estimated by Western ligand blotting after protein separation by SDS-PAGE and electrotransfer to nitrocellulose. Membranes were probed with [125I]IGF-I, and IGFBPs were identified by autoradiography, quantified by scanning densitometry and results expressed relative to corresponding IGFBPs in control fetal plasma. Maternal weight gain from conception to 20 days of pregnancy was reduced for E compared to P and A dams (p < 0.05 E vs. P or A). The same pattern was reflected in fetal weight that tended to be lower in P compared with A pups, and was significantly reduced in E pups compared with both groups (p < 0.0001 E vs. P or A). Thus, fetal growth was more retarded in E animals despite equal caloric and protein intake by E and P dams.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Mauceri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb 60115
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Dempsey S, Fuchs D. "Flat" versus "weighted" reimbursement formulas: a longitudinal analysis of statewide special education funding practices. Except Child 1993; 59:433-443. [PMID: 8440300 DOI: 10.1177/001440299305900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tennessee data were analyzed longitudinally from 1979-80 to 1987-88 in terms of numbers of children placed in a variety of service options. In 1983-84, the Tennessee funding formula was changed from a "flat" rate to a "weighted" formula. The weighted formula was associated with a statistically significant decrease in less restrictive placements and a reliable increase in more restrictive placements. A statewide survey of district special education directors suggested that service needs may have been more likely than monetary incentives to explain the observed changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dempsey
- Department of Special Education, George Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Craven CM, Dempsey S, Carey JC, Kochenour NK. Evaluation of a perinatal autopsy protocol: influence of the Prenatal Diagnosis Conference Team. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 76:684-8. [PMID: 2216205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate changes in the perinatal autopsy following the adoption of a new autopsy protocol. The University of Utah Medical Center has a Prenatal Diagnosis Conference Team composed of obstetricians, pediatricians, geneticists, and other health care professionals. These individuals are involved in the care of patients whose pregnancies are at risk for congenital malformations. An autopsy protocol was designed to increase the interaction of the pathologist with the Prenatal Diagnosis Conference Team in the evaluation of perinatal death. Two years, 1982 and 1987, before and after the protocol was implemented, were selected for retrospective review. The autopsies in 1987 made more specific diagnoses compared with those in 1982. Additional congenital anomalies were diagnosed, and increased numbers of patients were found to have well-described congenital disorders. The number of attempted postnatal autopsy chromosome studies increased and more chromosomal abnormalities were detected. The final autopsy diagnoses made in 1987 have provided more information to the physician for genetic or other patient counseling. After the protocol was adopted, increased numbers of cases were referred to the Medical Center for evaluation at autopsy. More of those who came to autopsy had been evaluated during life by members of the Prenatal Diagnosis Conference Team. Premortem sonograms had been done at an earlier gestational age and a greater number of anomalies were detected. Fewer of the fetuses had intrauterine death and more had pregnancy terminated by induction of labor. The gestational age at delivery declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Craven
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
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Warlow RS, Dempsey S, Carroll R, Gibson S, Bernard CC. Improved detection of the histamine receptor on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by crosslinking using tritiated as compared with radioiodinated histamine. Electrophoresis 1990; 11:495-9. [PMID: 2394213 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150110611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to detect histamine receptors on the surface of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the cells were incubated in the presence of radiolabelled histamine and then the bifunctional crosslinker disuccimidyl suberate was added in various concentrations. They were then solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulphate, boiled, reduced and the lysate separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both 3H and 125I-radiolabelled ligands bound to a 16 kDa band, to be defined although a much clearer and obviously unequivocal signal was obtained with 3H-labelled histamine. This molecule migrated with the same mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a 16 kDa subunit which had been purified on a histamine affinity column from Triton X-100 solubilized mononuclear cells, indicating it to be the ligand-binding subunit for the histamine receptor on these cells. For 3H, fluorography with Entensify was required to obtain an autoradiographic signal. Although 3H took much longer to give a signal than 125I, the considerable background, artefacts and heavy lane trailing seen with [125I] histamine were completely abrogated when [3H]histamine was used. In addition, the distinction between specific and nonspecific binding was more clearly seen using [3H]histamine. The modifications reported here which improve signal detection for 3H should encourage the use of tritiated ligands in radioreceptor crosslinking, particularly those of low molecular weight which might otherwise undergo steric modification due to iodination, this having the potential for interfering with receptor ligand binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Warlow
- Department of Immunology, Concord Repatriation Hospital, N.S.W., Australia
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Abstract
Early ischemic colitis was induced in rats to evaluate the roles of FRs and intraluminal content. After 30 minutes of ischemia, biopsies for histology, conjugated dienes (CD) and malonaldehyde (M), presumptive marker of lipid peroxidation, were obtained at 0, 30, and 60 minutes reperfusion. Histology was unchanged. CD and M were elevated in ischemic and saline controls, and rose progressively during reperfusion; CD and M were essentially the same as non-ischemic controls during reperfusion with intraluminal corticosteroid (c) and Alcide (A). These agents may be beneficial in early ischemic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Douglas
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06032
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Brandenburg NP, Dempsey S, Dijkstra BW, Lijk LJ, Hol WGJ. An interactive graphics system for comparing the model building of macromolecules. J Appl Crystallogr 1981. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889881009357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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