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Hiya F, Lamour JPM, Khan AA, Wood R, Rodriguez de la Vega PE, Castro G, Ruiz JG, Barengo NC. Parenting Practices Are Associated With Out-of-School Physical Activity in US Adolescents in 2014. J Phys Act Health 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38561000 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lack of physical activity (PA) is associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Parenting practices influence PA in young children. However, there is little evidence available for adolescents. We examined whether parenting practices were associated with out-of-school PA (OSPA) in US adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional 2019 study analyzed data from the 2014 FLASHE study, a web-based, quota-sampled survey of parent-adolescent dyads. Inclusion required survey completion and parents to live with their teen (ages 12-17 y old). Physically limited adolescents were excluded. Dyads were stratified by teen age. Exposures included parental modeling, monitoring, facilitation, restriction, guided choice, and pressure. The outcomes of interest were OSPA Youth Activity Profile scores. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS A total of 1109 dyads were included. Guided choice increased odds of OSPA for 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.17-3.84). Facilitation increased odds of OSPA for 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.13-4.33). Monitoring decreased odds of OSPA for 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20-0.57) and 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.27-0.74). Friend support increased odds of OSPA in 15- to 17-year-olds (OR = 4.03; 95% CI, 2.29-7.08) and 12- to 14-year-olds (OR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.69-5.51). CONCLUSION Future interventions should prioritize (1) shared decision making for older teens, (2) access to PA opportunities for younger adolescents, and (3) promoting peer PA and friend support for everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Hiya
- Department of Translational Medicine, Florida International University Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Paul M Lamour
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anwar A Khan
- Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robert Wood
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pura E Rodriguez de la Vega
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Grettel Castro
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan G Ruiz
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noel C Barengo
- Department of Medical Education, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sørensen SO, Gejl AK, Pedersen J, Rasmussen MG, Olesen LG, Kristensen PL, Grøntved A. Recreational screen media use among Danish children aged 6-11 years: influence of parental screen media habits and attitudes. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:1173-1181. [PMID: 35708326 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221103463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Little is known about the influence of parents' screen media habits and attitudes towards screen media on children's screen use. We investigated associations of parental screen use, their smartphone addiction and screen media attitudes, with children's recreational screen use. METHODS This study was based on a population-based cross-sectional survey sent between May 2019 and November 2020 to a random sample of 6820 Danish parent-child dyads who answered questions regarding their screen media habits. Children were 6-11 years of age and had to reside with the parent. Multivariable adjusted regression analyses were conducted (in October 2021) separately for screen media use on weekdays and weekend days. RESULTS The analyses included 5437 parents (41.0 years, 67.6% girls) and 5437 children (8.9 years, 48.2% girls). The adjusted relative odds of excessive amounts of screen use of children (>3 hours/weekday and >4 hours/weekend day) was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6; 7.3) on weekdays and 7.2 (95% CI 5.9; 8.8) on weekend days comparing the fourth and first quartile of parental screen use. Children of parents in the fourth quartile of parental screen use had 2.1 (95% CI 1.7; 2.5) and 2.5 (95% CI 2.2; 3.0) greater odds of screen use before bedtime on all week and weekend days, respectively. Children of parents who had a positive attitude towards their child's screen use or were at high risk of smartphone addiction had significantly higher screen use and more frequent problematic screen use. CONCLUSIONS Parent's screen media habits and attitudes were strongly associated with their children's recreational screen use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Overgaard Sørensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Kær Gejl
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper Pedersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Gillies Rasmussen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line Grønholt Olesen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Lund Kristensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Song K, Yang J, Lee HS, Oh JS, Kim S, Lee M, Suh J, Kwon A, Kim HS, Chae HW. Parental metabolic syndrome and elevated liver transaminases are risk factors for offspring, even in children and adolescents with a normal body mass index. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1166244. [PMID: 37941769 PMCID: PMC10627857 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1166244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child correlation in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and elevated transaminases is sparsely researched. We assessed the correlation of parental MetS and elevated transaminase status with these conditions in their children. Methods Data of 4,167 youths aged 10-18 years were analyzed in a population-based survey, and the parental characteristics were stratified by the presence or absence of MetS or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation in their children. The prevalence of these conditions in children was analyzed according to their parents' status. Logistic regression analyses were performed with MetS and ALT elevation in youth as the dependent variables. Results The proportions of MetS and ALT elevation were higher in parents of children with MetS and ALT elevation than in those without, even among youths without obesity. In logistic regression analyses, age, body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), and ALT elevation were positively associated with MetS, whereas age, male sex, BMI-SDS, protein intake, and MetS were positively associated with ALT elevation. Higher protein intake was related to ALT elevation, whereas metabolic components and nutritional factors were closely related in parents and their children. Odds ratios (OR) of ALT elevation for MetS was 8.96 even after adjusting nutritional factors in the children. The OR was higher for ALT elevation in the children of parents with MetS and ALT elevation compared to those without. ORs for MetS and ALT elevation in the children of parents with MetS were higher than those of children of parents without MetS, even after adjusting for nutritional intake. ORs for ALT elevation were higher in the children of parents with ALT elevation than those without, even after adjusting for nutritional intake and BMI of parents as well as the nutritional intake, age, sex, and BMI-SDS of the children. Conclusion MetS and elevated liver transaminase statuses in children were associated with those of their parents even after adjusting for nutritional factors, and the relationships were more prominent in the youth without obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungchul Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Yang
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Suk Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongseob Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Herbst FA, Gawinski L, Schneider N, Stiel S. 'She Can't Support Me Because She's so Old': A Mixed-Methods Study of Support Experiences and Needs in Adult Child-Parent Dyads at the End of Life. Omega (Westport) 2023; 86:1371-1387. [PMID: 33853447 PMCID: PMC9902957 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211008748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about support experiences and needs in the dyads of (1) terminally ill adult children and their parent caregivers and (2) terminally ill parents and their adult child caregivers. The current study aimed at investigating the experiences and needs of adult children and parents in end of life situations regarding their provision and receipt of support. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, combining explorative qualitative interviews with the quantitative self-report Berlin Social Support Scales. Sixty-five patients (dyad 1: 19; dyad 2: 46) and 42 family caregivers (dyad 1: 13; dyad 2: 29) participated in the study (02/2018-11/2019). Results show that ill adult children felt less (well) supported than ill parents. Parent caregivers were often limited in the support they could provide, due to their age and health conditions. Hypotheses were deduced from patients' and family caregivers' notions to inform dyad-specific recommendations for support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A. Herbst
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hanover, Germany,Franziska A. Herbst, Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Laura Gawinski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nils Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stiel
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hanover, Germany
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Redmond M, Martin B. All in the (Definition of) Family: Transnational Parent-Child Relationships, Rights to Family Life, and Canadian Immigration Law. J Fam Issues 2023; 44:766-784. [PMID: 36798515 PMCID: PMC9923200 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x211054461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
International human rights conventions, Canadian law and academic research all support the right to family life. Internationally and domestically, multiple definitions of family are recognized, acknowledging that long-term interpersonal commitments can be based on biological relationships as well as co-residential, legal, and emotional ties. Yet, the Canadian immigration system's limited and exclusionary understanding of parent-child relationships complicates migrant family reunification. Drawing on qualitative interview and survey data from separated families and key informants who support them, we analyze national status and class assumptions embedded in Canadian immigration standards. We argue that Canadian immigration policies disproportionately deny the right to family life to transnational Canadians and their children who hail from the Global South and/or who are socio-economically disadvantaged. Immigration policies neither recognize the globally accepted "best interests of the child" welfare standard nor the human right to family life. We offer suggestions for addressing these inequities in practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth Martin
- Beth Martin, Carleton School of Social
Work, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Vanhée T, Dadoun F, Vanden Abbeele A, Bottenberg P, Jacquet W, Loeb I. A Parental Behavior Scale in Pediatric Dentistry: The Development of an Observational Scale. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10020249. [PMID: 36832378 PMCID: PMC9954998 DOI: 10.3390/children10020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Children's treatment means a triangular relationship between the child, practitioner, and parent, with specific interactions influencing the procedure. The objective was to create and validate a hetero-rating scale of parental behavior and verify the correlation between child and parental behavior during pediatric dentistry sessions. Treatment sessions were recorded and evaluated, including 60 children representing three age groups. Two raters interpreted the resulting video clips using the modified Venham scale for children and the new hetero-rating scale for parents. They analyzed the videos twice and attributed scores at different time points of the appointment. The correlation between parental behavior upon entrance and the children's behavioral at the dental office in the treatment stage was significantly positive in both raters (Kendall Tau: 0.20-0.30). Furthermore, a panel of 20 dental practitioners scored a randomized selection of five recordings per age group. The level of agreement between the two experts was higher than that between the 20 clinicians. Venham types of scale involving multiple aspects can be used in research, but their application in dental practice requires further development. The link between parental anxiety and child anxiety is confirmed, but further research is required to incorporate specific aspects of treatment and parental behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vanhée
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Surgical Clinical Sciences CHIR-ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Farah Dadoun
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Vanden Abbeele
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Bottenberg
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Surgical Clinical Sciences CHIR-ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Jacquet
- Department of Surgical Clinical Sciences CHIR-ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Educational Sciences EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Loeb
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Charmaraman L, Kiel E, Richer AM, Gramajo A, Mueller MK. Associations between Pet Care Responsibility, Companion Animal Interactions, and Family Relationships during COVID-19. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36496801 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For families with children during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is crucial to explore how both youth and parents view their roles with regard to the shared caretaking of pets. While most human-animal interaction studies examine adult or early childhood samples, our focus was on adolescent development. We present findings from a U.S. based mixed-method study of adolescent surveys and parent interviews regarding pet care responsibility. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study, we analyzed survey data from 567 pet-owning adolescents and a subset of 356 dog owning adolescents aged 10-17 as well as 31 in-depth interviews with parents of adolescents from the same study. Higher reported pet caretaking responsibilities was significantly associated with a preference for spending time with pets when stressed and improved family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic for both pet owners and dog owners. For dog owners only, increased levels of responsibility for the pet was significantly associated with a higher likelihood of identifying as a pet owner. Qualitative findings showcase the range of parental expectations and adolescent initiative around pet caretaking. Our study highlights the continued importance of pet companionship during the adolescent years as they develop their identities as responsible pet owners.
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Michel Y. Invited discussant comments during the UCL-Penn Global Covid Study webinar 'Family Life: Stress, Relationship Conflict and Child Adjustment'. UCL Open Environ 2022; 4:e001. [PMID: 37228470 PMCID: PMC10208313 DOI: 10.14324/111.444/ucloe.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this article is to comment on the findings presented during the UCL-Penn Global Covid Study webinar, 'Family Life: Stress, Relationship Conflict and Child Adjustment' by Portnoy and colleagues. The study examined the ways in which family stress conflict has been affected by the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic. Informed by the transactional models of parent-child behaviour, the authors are specifically interested in exploring the effect of child adjustment on parental outcomes. The study, currently under consideration for publication, found that child emotional and conduct problems predicted changes in parental depression and stress during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic. Child hyperactivity predicted parental stress, but not depression. None of the child behaviour problems (emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity) predicted parental relational conflict. This article discusses reasons why the study under consideration did not find a significant effect on relational conflict and posts questions that can be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahayra Michel
- School of Criminology and Justice Studies, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Rocha HAL, Correia LL, Leite ÁJM, Rocha SGMO, Albuquerque LDS, Machado MMT, Campos JS, e Silva AC, Sudfeld CR. Positive Parenting Behaviors and Child Development in Ceará, Brazil: A Population-Based Study. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9081246. [PMID: 36010136 PMCID: PMC9406953 DOI: 10.3390/children9081246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parenting practices have been identified as a key determinant of children’s developmental outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of parenting practices with child development in a cross-sectional population-based study in a low-income state in northeastern Brazil. The study included data on 3566 caregiver−child pairs, and the children were aged 0−66 months. Positive parenting behaviors (PPBs) were conceptualized in areas of interactive play, social development, and speech and language interactions. Child development was evaluated using the Brazilian Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the relationships. We found that a greater number of PPBs was associated with better child development domain scores. Among infants < 1 year, each additional PPB was associated with a 0.32 standardized mean difference (SMD) greater communication (95% CI: 0.24−0.41) and 0.38 SMD greater problem-solving scores (95% CI: 0.24−0.52). Among children aged 4−6 years old, each additional PPB was associated with improved communication (SMD: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13−0.32), problem solving (SMD: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.10−0.32) and personal−social domain scores (SMD: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.17−0.36). Our findings indicate that PPB were robustly associated with better outcomes across developmental domains among Brazilian children. Programs and interventions that support PPB can contribute to improvements in development outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermano A. L. Rocha
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-85-3366-8044
| | - Luciano L. Correia
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro J. M. Leite
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Sabrina G. M. O. Rocha
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
- Integração Saúde Ensino Comunidade, University Center Unichristus, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas de S. Albuquerque
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Márcia M. T. Machado
- Department of Community Health, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Jocileide S. Campos
- Integração Saúde Ensino Comunidade, University Center Unichristus, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Anamaria C. e Silva
- Integração Saúde Ensino Comunidade, University Center Unichristus, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil
| | - Christopher R. Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bauer KW, Branch JM, Appugliese DP, Pesch MH, Miller AL, Lumeng JC, Kaciroti N. Emerging Ideas Brief Report. How Do Low-Income Mothers Talk to Children About Weight and Body Shape? Fam Relat 2021; 70:1477-1484. [PMID: 34955577 PMCID: PMC8694111 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify mothers' perceptions of how they talk about weight and body shape with their children and examine how approaches vary by mother and child characteristics. BACKGROUND Youth who report that their parents talk with them about their weight experience poor health. However, very little is known about the content of these conversations. METHOD Mothers and their 6- to 11-year-old children (N = 188 dyads) participated in a mixed-methods study. Themes in mothers' responses to the interview question "How do you talk to your child about weight or body shape?" were identified, and latent class analysis was used to characterize patterns of weight and shape talk. RESULTS Seven themes of weight and shape talk were identified, including talking about "Healthy Habits" (39.9%), "Avoids Weight and Body Talk" (21.8%), and tells "Cautionary Tales" (18.6%). Three patterns emerged from themes: talk to promote health, avoid talking about weight and shape, and talk to build children's self-esteem. Mothers of children with obesity were more likely to talk to promote health versus other patterns. CONCLUSION The content of family conversations about weight and shape is diverse. IMPLICATIONS FOR EMERGING IDEAS Future research is needed to understand the impacts of specific ways parents talk about weight and shape.
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Oja C, Edbom T, Nager A, Månsson J, Ekblad S. Awareness of parental illness: a grounded theory of upholding family equilibrium in parents on long-term sick-leave in primary health care. Scand J Prim Health Care 2021; 39:268-278. [PMID: 34152244 PMCID: PMC8477794 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2021.1928835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the main concern of chronically ill parents and how they resolve this concern in relation to their children. DESIGN Grounded theory. SETTING Three primary health care clinics in Sweden. SUBJECTS Thirty-two interviewed parents and their children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Processes and typologies of upholding family relationships. RESULTS A concern of chronically ill parents is sustaining family equilibrium, achieved through a process of upholding family relationships. How a parent upholds depends upon his/her comprehension of the illness and of their child's need for parenting. In response to the parent's upholding behaviours, children mirror the effect of the illness to the parent, the child's specific behaviour depending on his/her level of comprehension regarding the parent's illness. Their combined behaviours create an awareness context that may be closed, concealed, suspicious, conflicted, mutual pretence or open.When the parent drives and facilitates the evolution of comprehension, the context quickly evolves from closed to open. When the parent hinders the process by masking and resisting the child responds by probing and proving and they become locked into a suspicious or conflicted awareness context with high relational tension. To create family equilibrium the parent needs to reveal and facilitate the awareness process. CONCLUSION Parents on long-term sick leave in primary health care can need assistance to facilitate the awareness context of themselves and their child.Implications: Clinicians can identify the current awareness context of their patient and help their patient towards increased understanding of their illness; their child's needs and the parental capacities needed to reveal the illness and its impacts.Key PointsChildren are affected when parents are ill; they wish for information on their parent's illness. Effective interventions are available in settings other than primary health care and possibilities seen by GPs and families in Scandinavian primary health care have been previously described. There is a knowledge gap in how parents view themselves and their parenting when ill in primary health care. An analysis grounded in interviews was needed to generate a hypothesis (theory) of parental concerns and behaviours.This theory proposes that an important concern of chronically ill parents is to sustain family equilibrium, which they attempt to do by upholding family relationships.Specific upholding behaviours include masking, resisting, colluding, and revealing. In response, children will engage in mirroring behaviours. Which paired behaviours are enacted will depend upon the respective levels of comprehension of parent and child regarding the illness and on the child's need for parenting. In their interactions, parent and child create one of six awareness contexts.Identifying the current awareness context in the family about chronic parental illness provides clinicians with a conceptual tool to better support those families locked in suspicious or conflicted awareness contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Oja
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- CONTACT Charlotte Oja Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Edbom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nager
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Månsson
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine/Primary Health Care, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Solvig Ekblad
- Academic Primary Health Care Center, Region Stockholm, SLSO, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Cultural Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fijałkowska D, Bielawska-Batorowicz E. Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of the Parental Feelings Inventory. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6003. [PMID: 34204990 PMCID: PMC8199907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports from international literature have emphasized the specific nature of the feelings experienced by parents related to their role, differentiating them from other emotional states. Researchers highlighted the role of parental emotions in parent-child interaction and child development. The aim of the present study was to create the Polish version of the Parental Feelings Inventory (PFI), which is a rating scale designed to determine parental emotions within the parenting role, and to assess its psychometric properties. The participants included 191 parents (102 mothers and 89 fathers) aged 22 to 55 years (M = 37.18, SD = 6.85), both parents of healthy children and those of children with chronic diseases or disabilities. All participants completed the translated PFI questionnaire, Parental Attitude Scale (SPR), SUPIN S20 and SUPIN C20. The results support a three-factor solution (Angry, Happy, and Anxious/Sad) and a structure of 22 items for the PFI. The internal consistency for the complete scale was α = 0.78 for mothers and α = 0.76 for fathers. Cronbach's α coefficients for individual factors for the Polish version were good: all above 0.80. The Polish PFI correlated with measures of parental attitudes and positive/negative affect; in addition, the Polish version confirms the basic psychometric criteria of the original and yields the same results. Therefore, the Polish version of the PFI is a valid and reliable tool for measuring parental feelings and can be successfully used as a measure of emotional experiences in the parenting role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Fijałkowska
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, 91-433 Lodz, Poland;
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Harchegani MT, Dastoorpoor M, Javadnoori M, SHiralinia KH. Factors Contributing to Mother-Daughter Talk about Sexual Health Education in an Iranian Urban Adolescent Population. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2021; 26:223-229. [PMID: 34277373 PMCID: PMC8262534 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_86_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parent–adolescent dialog on sexual issues reduces high-risk sexual behavior in adolescents. However, many adolescents are deprived of such training. Several factors may affect the sexual dialog between parents and adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with mother–adolescent daughter dialog on sexual health matters in Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 363 female adolescents aged 14-18 years in Ahvaz-Iran, between June 2015 and January 2016. Data collection was conducted utilizing multi-stage cluster sampling in high schools using the Parent–adolescent sexual dialog questionnaire and the parent–adolescent general dialogue questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content and face validity and their reliability was confirmed through internal consistency. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent one-sample and two-sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Post-HOC (Duncan) test. Results: The mean score of mother–daughter sexual dialog had a significant relationship with mother's education (F = 4.03, p > 0.003), adolescent's major (F = 4.48, p < 0.004), mother–daughter general communication (p < 0.001), and emotional relationship with parents (F = 6.47, p < 0.002). The more is the mother–daughter general communication, the more will be their sexual communication (p < 0.001). There was no relationship between the score of mother–daughter sexual communication and the age of mother or adolescent, parents' job, parents' marital status, and having sisters (p = 0.86). Conclusions: Some demographic characteristics of parents and adolescents, and the parent–adolescent emotional relationship can affect the communication between them about sexual issues. So efforts to enhance this communication should consider these factors as mediator variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Torki Harchegani
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Menopause Andropause Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Javadnoori
- Reproductive Health Promotion Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - KHadijeh SHiralinia
- Depatment of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Herbst FA, Gawinski L, Schneider N, Stiel S. 'Mums are sacred, and mums don't die': A mixed-methods study of adult child-parent dyadic relationships at the end of life. J Psychosoc Oncol 2021; 40:152-168. [PMID: 33866953 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2021.1902452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to report the specific challenges pertaining to the experiences and needs of (1) terminally ill adult children and their parents and (2) terminally ill parents and their adult children, regarding their relationship and relationship roles. The study sought to identify similar and differing relationship patterns between the two dyadic types. DESIGN This prospective observational study used an exploratory mixed-methods approach. PARTICIPANTS Patients and caregivers were recruited (Feb. 2018 - Nov. 2019) via general and specialist palliative care providers in Germany. METHODS The study combined semi-structured interviews with quantitative questionnaires covering socio-demographic details, attachment style and emotional intimacy. FINDINGS A total of 65 patients and 42 family caregivers participated in the study. Interview data indicate that illness situation and dependencies were perceived in both dyads to represent a relationship role reversal contrary to the 'natural order'. With respect to dyad 1, adult children stressed their need for autonomy, whereas caregiving parents strived for greater intimacy in the relationship. Within dyad 2, terminally ill parents and adult children experienced a new relationship intensity. Questionnaire data showed that emotional intimacy was perceived by patients in both dyads and adult child caregivers as significantly higher in the current illness situation compared to the pre-illness situation. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to contribute to an understanding of the different needs of terminally ill adult children/parents and their parent/adult child caregivers, thus contributing to an understanding of the different needs of these parties, both within and between the dyadic forms. The results suggest that the dyads share similar themes, which should be integrated into general support interventions; however, some themes appear more relevant for one dyad, only. IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL PROVIDERS For both dyads, we recommend psychological counseling to support open communication and understanding between parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Herbst
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Gawinski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stiel
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for General Practice, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Health impairments in adolescents associated with divorce and loss of parental contact are frequently reported. However, other family factors more likely to promote health are less researched. We examined the impact of several family factors on self-rated health (SRH). METHODS A longitudinal cohort study of 1225 students in high school aged 11 and 13 years in 2011. The students were surveyed at onset and after 2 years with SRH as the outcome measure. We adjusted for sex, age and self-rated socioeconomic status in temporal causal analyses, and adjusted for SRH at onset in residual change analyses, applying an ordinal logistic method. Adjusted analyses with each factor and multivariable models with backward exclusion were performed. We reported the predictive associations with odds ratios and 95% confidence limits. RESULTS The most decisive factors predicting future positive SRH were linked to confidence in communicating with both parents about bothersome issues, and the experience of parental support with school work. Furthermore, the experience of opinions being taken seriously in the family and the absence of excessive parental expectations predicted SRH positively after 2 years. Divorce had a modest impact on SRH and was mediated by the other factors. Only the absence of contact with fathers moderated the effect that divorce experience had on SRH. We ascertained the causal relationships through residual change analyses. CONCLUSIONS As SRH in adolescence has an impact on later health and is amendable, it is important, from a public health perspective, to preserve and improve relationships and confidence between children and both parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Meland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for General Practice, Universitetet i Bergen Det medisinsk-odontologiske fakultet, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans Johan Breidablik
- Department of Research and Development, District General Hospital of Førde, Førde, Norway
| | - Frode Thuen
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Science, Bergen, Norway
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Eeles AL, Gibbs D. Tool to Enhance Relationships Between Staff and Parents in the Neonatal Unit. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2020; 49:593-604. [PMID: 32979323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the experiences of neonatal nurses in the implementation of a tool to enhance relationships between staff and parents in the neonatal unit: the You and Your Baby Nursery Guide. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive design with focus groups. SETTING The study took place in a Level 4, 20-bed neonatal unit in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Purposive sample of seven registered nurses who worked day or afternoon shifts. METHODS We conducted two semistructured focus groups after a 4-week implementation period of the You and Your Baby Nursery Guide. Participants completed a weekly reflective journal throughout the implementation period. We audiotaped and transcribed the focus groups and qualitatively analyzed the interview data with the use of thematic analysis. RESULTS Use of the guide helped transform the relationships between parents and staff. The use of the guide enhanced communication, promoted participants' personal reflection on their clinical skills and style/approach to parent engagement, and directly affected the care participants provided to infants and families. CONCLUSION The You and Your Baby Nursery Guide was a useful resource to facilitate the delivery of family-centered, developmentally supportive care.
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Coleman-Minahan K, Samari G. 'He supported me 100%': Mexican-immigrant fathers, daughters, and adolescent sexual health. Ethn Health 2020; 25:560-579. [PMID: 29455566 PMCID: PMC6136983 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2018.1439897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective: First and second generation Mexican-origin adolescents in the U.S. face social and economic disadvantage and sexual health disparities. Although fathers can support child and adolescent development, the literature has portrayed Mexican-origin immigrant fathers as emotionally distant and sexist. This study aims to treat migration as a social determinant of health to examine father-daughter relationships and adolescent sexual health in Mexican-origin immigrant families.Methods: Integrating qualitative data from life history interviews with 21 Mexican-origin young women in immigrant families with quantitative data on first and second generation Mexican-origin young women in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, this study describes father-daughter relationships, examines the association between father-daughter relationships and daughters' early sexual initiation, and considers the impact of migration on the father-daughter relationship and sexual health among Mexican-origin young women.Results: Qualitative data identify four types of father-daughter relationships: 'good,' hostile, distant, and conflicted. Supporting the qualitative patterns, quantitative data find that positive or 'good' father-daughter relationship quality is significantly associated with reduced risk of early sexual initiation. Importantly, father-daughter separation across borders and economic inequality facing immigrant families is associated with hostile or distant father-daughter relationship quality and increased risk of early sexual initiation.Conclusions: Reports of good father-daughter relationships are common and may protect against early sexual initiation in Mexican-origin immigrant families. Policies that keep families together and reduce economic inequality among immigrants may also reduce sexual health disparities among immigrant adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Goleen Samari
- Advancing Standards in Reproductive Health (ANSIRH), Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1330 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612,
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Lovrić R, Farčić N, Mikšić Š, Gvozdanović Debeljak A. Parental Perception of Changes in Basic Life Needs of Children with Disabilities after Six Months of Therapeutic Horseback Riding: A Qualitative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E1213. [PMID: 32069999 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic horseback riding (THR) has a positive effect on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning of children with disabilities. Parents’ reports of the effects of THR on their children support professionals in individualizing the THR program. With this qualitative study, we aimed to explore parents’ perceptions of changes in the basic life needs of their children with disabilities after six months of THR lessons and to survey parents’ explanations for the causes of these changes. The study involved parents of 13 children with disabilities who were enrolled in a six-month THR program. Parents continuously monitored their children and wrote a report on possible changes in their child’s needs according to Virginia Henderson’s need theory. Qualitative content analysis of parents’ reports indicated only positive changes in 11 children. Most codes were identified in categories “relationships and communication with other people” and “movement and posturing”. Other categories identified codes such as easier breathing, a better quality of sleep, better appetite, better elimination of stool and urine, more independence in clothing and maintaining personal hygiene, and greater interest in play and learning. Parents’ reports are further supported by the assessments of professionals. Most parents think THR is responsible for the noticeable improvements in their children’s quality of life.
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Abstract
Background: Divorce experience (DE) may cause health and self-conceptual problems, but these consequences might also be caused by conflicts and lack of conversational confidence (CC) with one or both parents. We investigated how DE impacted CC and how DE and CC impacted health complaints and self-esteem in a two-year longitudinal cohort study. Methods: The study was performed between 2011 and 2013 among 1225 students in junior high school (aged 11 and 13 years in 2011). We used binary logistic analyses to account for how DE impacted CC, and linear regression analyses to examine how DE and CC impacted on subjective health and self-esteem in 2013. Results: The study revealed that former and recent DEs impacted CC with fathers only. The impact was most evident for the more severe forms of conversational difficulties. DE in itself predicted only self-esteem, and CC with parents mediated this association. CC with both mothers and fathers had strong temporal causal associations with the outcomes two years later. Only CC with fathers impacted changes of the health complaints and self-esteem in full-model residual change analyses. Conclusions: The study proves a sex-specific effect on loss of CC between fathers and children after divorce. The impairment of CC has predictive repercussions on the health and self-conception of adolescents in their middle teenage years. From a public-health perspective, preserving the relation and the confidence between children and their fathers after divorce seems an important task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Meland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for General Practice, Universitetet i Bergen Det medisinsk-odontologiske fakultet, Norway
| | | | - Frode Thuen
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Science, Norway
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Hunter LML, Blake S, Simmons C, Thompson J, Derouin A. Implementing a Parent Education Program in the Special Care Nursery. J Pediatr Health Care 2019; 33:131-137. [PMID: 30146361 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of preterm hospitalized infants, whose lengths of stay can range from a few days to several months, often experience emotional liability. Because the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) or Special Care Nursery (SCN) is a stressful and intimidating environment, prompt attention should be given to reducing parental stress and increasing parental confidence in preparation to care for their child post-discharge. METHODS A quality improvement pilot project was designed to evaluate the parent education and support program, titled HUG Your Baby, in a Level II SCN for its ability to decrease stress and increase confidence for postpartum mothers of preterm infants born at less than 35 weeks gestation during the infant's hospitalization. RESULTS The outcomes demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in maternal stress and a statistically significant increase in maternal confidence. DISCUSSION The HUG Your Baby program is an effective parent education and support program that would benefit NICU and SCN families.
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Affiliation(s)
- La Monica L Hunter
- La Monica L. Hunter, Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner, Duke Regional Hospital, Durham, NC.
| | - Stephanie Blake
- Stephanie Blake, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Catherine Simmons
- Catherine Simmons, Neonatal Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Julie Thompson
- Julie Thompson, Statistical Consulting Associate, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Anne Derouin
- Anne Derouin, Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner and Associate Professor, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Stepanikova I, Baker E, Oates G, Acharya S, Uddin J, Thon V, Svancara J, Kukla L. Perinatal Maternal Stress and Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases in Later Childhood: An Early Life Programming Perspective. J Psychol 2018; 153:67-88. [PMID: 30265824 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2018.1483311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence of transmission of stress-related dysregulation from parents to offspring during early developmental stages, leading to adverse health outcomes. This study investigates whether perinatal stress is linked to the risk of infectious diseases in children aged 7-11 years. We hypothesize that stress exposure during pregnancy and the first 6 months after birth independently predict common infectious diseases. Data are obtained from ELSPAC-CZ, a prospective birth cohort. Maternal stress, operationalized as the number of life events, is examined for pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum. Children's diseases include eye infection, ear infection, bronchitis/lung infection, laryngitis, strep throat, cold sores, and flu/flu-like infection. More prenatal and postnatal life events are both independently linked to a higher number of infectious diseases between the ages of 7-11 years. The effect is larger for postnatal vs. prenatal events, and the effect of prenatal events is attenuated after maternal health in pregnancy is controlled. The results suggest that perinatal stress is linked to susceptibility to infectious diseases in school-age children. Interventions to address stress in pregnant and postpartum women may benefit long-term children's health.
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Abstract
Social communicative precursors to autism spectrum disorder may influence how infants who are later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder interact with their social partners and the responses they receive, thus bidirectionally influencing early social experience. This systematic review aimed to identify a developmental timeline for parent-infant interaction in the first 2 years of life in at-risk infants and in emergent autism spectrum disorder, and to examine any parent-infant interaction associations with later social-communicative outcomes. In total, 15 studies were identified investigating parent-infant interaction in infants at familial autism risk (i.e. with an older sibling with autism spectrum disorder). Starting from the latter part of the first year, infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder (and particularly infants with eventual autism spectrum disorder) showed parent-infant interaction differences from those with no eventual autism spectrum disorder, most notably in infant gesture use and dyadic qualities. While parental interactions did not differ by subsequent child autism spectrum disorder outcome, at-risk infants may receive different 'compensatory' socio-communicative inputs, and further work is needed to clarify their effects. Preliminary evidence links aspects of parent-infant interaction with later language outcomes. We discuss the potential role of parent-infant interaction in early parent-mediated intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wai Wan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Green
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jordan Scott
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Thomas RE, Baker P, Thomas BC. Update on Family-Based Interventions to Prevent Children and Adolescents Using Tobacco. Acad Pediatr 2018; 18:483-484. [PMID: 29428412 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger E Thomas
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Philip Baker
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Australia
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Bai J, Harper FWK, Penner LA, Swanson K, Santacroce SJ. Parents' Verbal and Nonverbal Caring Behaviors and Child Distress During Cancer-Related Port Access Procedures: A Time-Window Sequential Analysis. Oncol Nurs Forum 2017; 44:675-687. [PMID: 29052654 DOI: 10.1188/17.onf.675-687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between parental verbal and nonverbal caring behaviors and child distress during cancer-related port access placement using correlational and time-window sequential analyses.
. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational design.
. SETTING Children's Hospital of Michigan and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
. SAMPLE 43 child-parent dyads, each with two or three video recordings of the child undergoing cancer-related port placement.
. METHODS Two trained raters coded parent interaction behaviors and child distress using the Parent Caring Response Scoring System and Karmanos Child Coping and Distress Scale, respectively. Mixed modeling with generalized estimating equations examined the associations between parent interaction behaviors and parent distress, child distress, and child cooperation reported by multiple raters. Time-window sequential analyses were performed to investigate the temporal relationships in parent-child interactions within a five-second window.
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Parent caring behaviors, child distress, and child cooperation.
. FINDINGS Parent caring interaction behaviors were significantly correlated with parent distress, child distress, and child cooperation during repeated cancer port accessing. Sequential analyses showed that children were significantly less likely to display behavioral and verbal distress following parent caring behaviors than at any other time. If a child is already distressed, parent verbal and nonverbal caring behaviors can significantly reduce child behavioral and verbal distress.
. CONCLUSIONS Parent caring behaviors, particularly the rarely studied nonverbal behaviors (e.g., eye contact, distance close to touch, supporting/allowing), can reduce the child's distress during cancer port accessing procedures.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Studying parent-child interactions during painful cancer-related procedures can provide evidence to develop nursing interventions to support parents in caring for their child during painful procedures.
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Uccula A, Nuvoli G. Parent-Child Discrepancy on Children's Body Weight Perception: The Role of Attachment Security. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1500. [PMID: 28936187 PMCID: PMC5594095 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discrepancies between parents and their children on the description of the behavior and representations of their children have been shown in various studies. Other researchers have reported the parents' difficulty in correctly identifying the weight status of their children. The purpose of our study was to investigate the parent's attributional accuracy on their children's body weight perception in relation to the children attachment security. It was hypothesized that insecure children's parents have a greater discrepancy with their children compared to secure children with their parents. The research participants were 217 children, aged between 5 and 11 years of both genders, and their parents. The attachment pattern was measured by the SAT of Klagsbrun and Bowlby, with the Italian version of Attili. The children were also shown a set of figure body-drawings with which to measure the perception of their weight status. Parents answered a questionnaire to find out the parental attribution of their children's perception. The results show that the body weight perception of insecure children's parents have a greater discrepancy with their children's body weight perception compared with parentally secure children. In particular, parents of insecure children tend to underestimate the perception of their children. This result is most evident in disorganized children. In addition, the perception of insecure children's parents show a greater correlation with children's actual weight rather than with their children's perception. These results suggest that the discrepancies on the perception of children's body weight between parents and children may be influenced by the poor parental attunement to their children's internal states, which characterizes the insecure parent-child attachment relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcangelo Uccula
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of SassariSassari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Nuvoli
- Department of History, Human Sciences and Education, University of SassariSassari, Italy
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Mehus CJ, Watson RJ, Eisenberg ME, Corliss HL, Porta CM. Living as an LGBTQ Adolescent and a Parent's Child: Overlapping or Separate Experiences. J Fam Nurs 2017; 23:175-200. [PMID: 28795897 PMCID: PMC5553294 DOI: 10.1177/1074840717696924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that parental and community-based support are each related to healthy development in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth, but little research has explored the ways these contexts interact and overlap. Through go-along interviews (a method in which participants guide the interviewer around the community) with 66 youth in British Columbia, Massachusetts, and Minnesota, adolescents (aged 14-19 years) reported varying extent of overlap between their LGBTQ experiences and their parent-youth experiences; parents and youth each contributed to the extent of overlap. Youth who reported high overlap reported little need for resources outside their families but found resources easy to access if wanted. Youth who reported little overlap found it difficult to access resources. Findings suggest that in both research and practice, considering the extent to which youth feel they can express their authentic identity in multiple contexts may be more useful than simply evaluating parental acceptance or access to resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heather L Corliss
- 3 San Diego State University Graduate School of Public Health, CA, USA
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Mais LA, Warkentin S, Latorre MDRDDO, Carnell S, Taddei JAADC. Parental Feeding Practices among Brazilian School-Aged Children: Associations with Parent and Child Characteristics. Front Nutr 2017; 4:6. [PMID: 28377921 PMCID: PMC5359473 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's eating behavior, food intake, and weight status are highly influenced by parents, who shape their food environment via parental feeding practices. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between sociodemographic, anthropometric, and behavioral/attitudinal characteristics of parents and their 5- to 9-year-old children and a range of positive ("healthy eating guidance," "monitoring") and potentially negative ("restriction for weight control," "restriction for health," "emotion regulation/food as reward," and "pressure") parental feeding practices. METHODS Parents completed a questionnaire assessing parental and child characteristics. Parental feeding practices were measured using a Brazilian adaptation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. To test associations between parent and child characteristics and parental feeding practices, we ran bivariate logistic regression models with parent and child characteristics as independent variables and high (above median) scores on individual parental feeding practices as outcome variables. We then conducted multivariate logistic regression models containing all parent and child characteristics, controlling for child age and maternal education. RESULTS Lower parental perceived responsibility for child feeding, higher child use of screen devices, and higher child ultra-processed food intake were associated with lower scores on "healthy eating guidance" and "monitoring." Higher parental perceived responsibility for child feeding and concern about child overweight were associated with higher scores on "restriction for weight control" and "restriction for health." Parental perceptions of low weight and concern about child underweight, and higher perceived responsibility for child feeding, were associated with higher scores on "pressure." Greater intake of ultra-processed foods and lower maternal age were associated with higher scores on "emotion regulation/food as reward." CONCLUSION Parental concerns and perceptions relating to child weight were predictive of potentially negative feeding practices. Higher scores on potentially negative feeding practices, and lower scores on positive parent feeding practices, were associated with poorer child diet and higher use of screen devices. Parental engagement in the feeding interaction predicted greater adoption of both potentially negative and positive feeding practices. These results support the need for policies and programs to educate parents about child feeding and help motivated parents to promote healthy lifestyles in their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amaral Mais
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Hansson LM, Heitmann BL, Larsson C, Tynelius P, Willmer M, Rasmussen F. Associations Between Swedish Mothers' and 3- and 5-Year-Old Children's Food Intake. J Nutr Educ Behav 2016; 48:520-529.e1. [PMID: 27422494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between mothers' and children's food intake. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Background variables collected through self-reports and from the register of the total population. Mothers recorded their own and their children's food intake in a diary during 2 4-day periods. SETTING Eight counties in mid Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Three- and 5-year-old children and their mothers were randomly selected from the register of the total population. A total of 2,045 families were invited, 355 of whom accepted. Mothers who accepted were older and to a larger extent born in Sweden. The final sample of mother-child pairs with complete food records was 189. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mothers' and children's food intake (16 food items). ANALYSIS Spearman rank-order correlation with 95% confidence intervals (2-sided). Moderation was investigated using generalized estimation equations with robust variance. RESULTS The strongest correlations between mothers' and children's food intake were found for pizza and oily fish (r = .70-.80). The weakest correlations were found for sugared drinks and fruit and berries (r = .24-.26). Children's age moderated the relationship between mothers' and children's intake of savoury snacks, as did place of residence for pizza intake. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There were substantial correlations between children's and mothers' intake of various foods. Modeling of mothers' intake might be more effective in influencing young children's intake of certain foods, whereas other strategies, such as encouraging parents to influence food availability (eg, gatekeeping), might be more useful for some foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena M Hansson
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Berit L Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Tynelius
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Willmer
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Finn Rasmussen
- Child and Adolescent Public Health Epidemiology Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Suitor JJ, Gilligan M, Peng S, Con G, Rurka M, Pillemer K. My Pride and Joy? Predicting Favoritism and Disfavoritism in Mother-Adult Child Relations. J Marriage Fam 2016; 78:908-925. [PMID: 27616785 PMCID: PMC5015766 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we compare predictors of mothers' differentiation among their adult children regarding emotional closeness, pride, conflict, and disappointment. We distinguish between predictors of relational (closeness, conflict) and evaluative (pride, disappointment) dimensions of favoritism and disfavoritism. Multilevel modeling using data collected from 381 older mothers regarding their relationships with 1,421 adult children indicated that adult children's similarity of values played the most prominent role in predicting mothers' favoritism and disfavoritism, followed by children's gender. Children's deviant behaviors in adulthood predicted both pride and disappointment but neither relational dimension. Contrary to expectations, the quantitative analysis indicated that children's normative adult achievements were poor predictors of both relational and evaluative dimensions of mothers' differentiation. Qualitative data shed additional light on mothers' evaluations by revealing that disappointment was shaped by children's achievements relative to their mothers' values and expectations, rather than by the achievement of specific societal, educational, career, and marital milestones.
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Abstract
This study examines how parental investments on children affect elderly support, and how this effect is contingent on emotional closeness or parental authority. Data collected from 770 elderly parents residing in rural China were analyzed. We gathered dichotomous data for (a) whether parents invested on their children via financial or instrumental means (i.e., parental investments) and (b) whether parents reported closeness to their children (i.e., emotional closeness) and whether children respected them (i.e., parental authority). We examined the relation between these variables and children's elderly support (financial, instrumental, and emotional). We tested models in two ways, one examining the direct effect of investments, and another testing the interactions between investments and closeness or authority. We first found that investments were not directly associated with elderly support, although the closeness and authority were. Additionally, the association between investments and support was found within parents who reported authority or closeness with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Sociology, Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, USA
| | - Xiaomei Pei
- Department of Sociology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal stress in humans influences behavior of children and can be assessed using biological markers. Mothers and their one-month-old infants were recruited from an existing study to examine baseline maternal serum oxytocin and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to infant blood heel stick stress as measured by salivary cortisol in the dyads. Objectives were to explore (1) relationships between mother and infant cortisol levels, (2) gender differences in infant biologic cortisol response, and (3) the association of cortisol levels in the dyads and maternal oxytocin levels METHODS Forty-two mother-infant dyads provided biologic samples and self-report data. Maternal oxytocin samples were obtained. Initial salivary cortisol was assessed in both the mother and infant, followed by a heel stick blood draw. Twenty minutes later, salivary cortisol was collected again from dyads. RESULTS Self-report measures were negative for depression and risk for childhood neglect. Although oxytocin and baseline cortisol in the infants was higher in mothers that did some breast-feeding, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.2 and p = 0.1, respectively). Analyses showed (a) higher baseline cortisol in mothers was related to higher baseline cortisol in infants (p ≤ 0.0001), (b) following the stressor, female infants had a larger positive change in cortisol, after adjusting for baseline cortisol (p = 0.045), and (c) there was no relationship between dyad cortisol levels and maternal oxytocin. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and infant biologic stress measures are related. Female infants have a larger hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to a blood draw stressor as measured by salivary cortisol than male infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve G. Spratt
- Division of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | - Courtney Marsh
- School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | - Amy E. Wahlquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | - Carrie E. Papa
- Division of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | - Paul J Nietert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | - Kathleen T. Brady
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
| | | | - Carol Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, SC
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Mais LA, Warkentin S, Latorre MDRDDO, Carnell S, Taddei JADAC. Validation of the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire among Brazilian Families of School-Aged Children. Front Nutr 2015; 2:35. [PMID: 26579525 PMCID: PMC4630658 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Children’s eating behaviors are influenced by parents, who are the first nutritional educators. The comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire (CFPQ) was developed to measure feeding practices among parents, but has not yet been validated in Brazil, where child obesity rates are steeply increasing. The aim of the study was to test the validity of the CFPQ among Brazilian parents of school-aged children and propose a new version of the instrument. Methods Transcultural adaptation included translation into Portuguese, back translation, content validity, testing for semantic equivalence, and piloting. Questionnaire data were obtained for 659 parents of 5- to 9-year olds. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses and psychometric analyses (tests for internal consistency, factor correlations, item-discriminant and convergent validity, and test–retest reliability) were conducted. Results Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a poor fit of the data to the original 12-factor model. Exploratory factor analysis generated a 6-factor model composed of 42 items: healthy eating guidance, monitoring, restriction for weight control, restriction for health, emotion regulation/food as reward, and pressure. This factor solution was supported by internal consistency tests (α = 0.71–0.91) and factor correlations (ρ = −0.16 to 0.32). Item-discriminant and convergent validity tests showed that parents who used coercive practices had more overweight children and were more concerned about their child’s weight (ρ = 0.09–0.40). Test–retest reliability was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.45–0.77). Conclusion Since parental practices are highly culturally and age group sensitive, it is essential to conduct careful evaluations of questionnaires when introduced into specific age groups within new cultural settings. This modified six-factor model of the CFPQ is valid to measure parental feeding behaviors of school-aged children in urban Brazilian settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amaral Mais
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Discipline of Nutrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Susan Carnell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Nordqvist P. "I've Redeemed Myself by Being a 1950s 'Housewife' ": Parent-Grandparent Relationships in the Context of Lesbian Childbirth. J Fam Issues 2015; 36:480-500. [PMID: 26089581 PMCID: PMC4452625 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x14563798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between grandparents and lesbian daughters in the context of childbirth, looking specifically at the role that pregnancy plays in shaping kinship affinities. Gender, sex, and heterosexuality are fundamental to Euro-American kinship discourse and practice; lesbian couples' parenthood through donor conception represents a significant departure from prevailing tropes of kinship. Thus, questions arise about how lesbians experience becoming and being parents, and about how their own parents may respond to becoming a genetic or nongenetic grandparent. This article draws on original data from interviews conducted in the United Kingdom with lesbians who became parents by donor conception, and grandparents with lesbian daughters in those situations where the older generation was not originally supportive of their daughters. It explores the negotiated meaning of pregnancy and how relationships with grandparents may be shaped by whether or not it is the daughter of the family who gave birth.
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Stokes JE. Surviving Parents' Influence on Adult Children's Depressive Symptoms Following the Death of a First Parent. J Appl Gerontol 2014; 35:1015-35. [PMID: 25428592 DOI: 10.1177/0733464814558876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents and children are linked across the life course, and they share common experiences. This article focuses on the bereavement experience of adult children's loss of a first parent during adulthood and examines the downward influence of emotional closeness with a surviving parent on adult children's depressive symptoms following loss. Analyses are based on adult children who experienced the death of a first parent (N = 227), drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Generations, a study of three-and four-generation families from Southern California. Multilevel lagged dependent variable models indicate that an emotionally close relationship with a surviving parent is related with fewer post-bereavement depressive symptoms when a mother survives a father, but not vice versa. This analysis extends the theory of linked lives and highlights the mutual influence parents and children exert, as well as the complex role of gender in shaping family relationships.
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Arsenault LN, Xu K, Taveras EM, Hacker KA. Parents' obesity-related behavior and confidence to support behavioral change in their obese child: data from the STAR study. Acad Pediatr 2014; 14:456-62. [PMID: 24816426 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Successful childhood obesity interventions frequently focus on behavioral modification and involve parents or family members. Parental confidence in supporting behavior change may be an element of successful family-based prevention efforts. We aimed to determine whether parents' own obesity-related behaviors were related to their confidence in supporting their child's achievement of obesity-related behavioral goals. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses of data collected at baseline of a randomized control trial testing a treatment intervention for obese children (n = 787) in primary care settings (n = 14). Five obesity-related behaviors (physical activity, screen time, sugar-sweetened beverage, sleep duration, fast food) were self-reported by parents for themselves and their child. Behaviors were dichotomized on the basis of achievement of behavioral goals. Five confidence questions asked how confident the parent was in helping their child achieve each goal. Logistic regression modeling high confidence was conducted with goal achievement and demographics as independent variables. RESULTS Parents achieving physical activity or sleep duration goals were significantly more likely to be highly confident in supporting their child's achievement of those goals (physical activity, odds ratio 1.76; 95% confidence interval 1.19-2.60; sleep, odds ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 1.09-2.79) independent of sociodemographic variables and child's current behavior. Parental achievements of TV watching and fast food goals were also associated with confidence, but significance was attenuated after child's behavior was included in models. CONCLUSIONS Parents' own obesity-related behaviors are factors that may affect their confidence to support their child's behavior change. Providers seeking to prevent childhood obesity should address parent/family behaviors as part of their obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Arsenault
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health, Cambridge, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Kathleen Xu
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Elsie M Taveras
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Mass; Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Karen A Hacker
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health, Cambridge, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Allegheny County Public Health Department, Pittsburgh, Pa
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Gao J, Li Y, Cai Y, Chen J, Shen Y, Ni S, Wei Y, Qiu Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Lu C, Chen C, Niu Q, Tang C, Yang Y, Wang Q, Cui W, Xia J, Liu T, Zhang J, Zhao B, Guo Z, Pan J, Chen H, Luo Y, Sun L, Xiao X, Chen Q, Zhao X, He F, Lv L, Guo L, Liu L, Li H, Shi S, Flint J, Kendler KS, Tao M. Perceived parenting and risk for major depression in Chinese women. Psychol Med 2012; 42:921-930. [PMID: 21943491 PMCID: PMC3315781 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Western countries, a history of major depression (MD) is associated with reports of received parenting that is low in warmth and caring and high in control and authoritarianism. Does a similar pattern exist in women in China? METHOD Received parenting was assessed by a shortened version of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) in two groups of Han Chinese women: 1970 clinically ascertained cases with recurrent MD and 2597 matched controls. MD was assessed at personal interview. RESULTS Factor analysis of the PBI revealed three factors for both mothers and fathers: warmth, protectiveness, and authoritarianism. Lower warmth and protectiveness and higher authoritarianism from both mother and father were significantly associated with risk for recurrent MD. Parental warmth was positively correlated with parental protectiveness and negatively correlated with parental authoritarianism. When examined together, paternal warmth was more strongly associated with lowered risk for MD than maternal warmth. Furthermore, paternal protectiveness was negatively and maternal protectiveness positively associated with risk for MD. CONCLUSIONS Although the structure of received parenting is very similar in China and Western countries, the association with MD is not. High parental protectiveness is generally pathogenic in Western countries but protective in China, especially when received from the father. Our results suggest that cultural factors impact on patterns of parenting and their association with MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gao
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Y. Li
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Y. Cai
- Fudan University affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - J. Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Y. Shen
- Shanghai Tongji University affiliated Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - S. Ni
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y. Wei
- No. 4 Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Y. Qiu
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, P.R. China
| | - X. Zhu
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Y. Liu
- Tianjin Anding Hospital, Hexi District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - C. Lu
- Shandong Mental Health Center, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - C. Chen
- No. 1 Hospital of Medical College of Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Q. Niu
- No. 1 Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - C. Tang
- No. 1 Mental Health Center Affiliated Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Y. Yang
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Wu Hou District, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Q. Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - W. Cui
- Hebei Mental Health Center, Baoding, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - J. Xia
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - T. Liu
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Luo Hu, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - J. Zhang
- No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - B. Zhao
- No. 1 Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Z. Guo
- Mental Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - J. Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Tian He District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - H. Chen
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Y. Luo
- No. 3 Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Beian, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - L. Sun
- Jilin Brain Hospital, Siping, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - X. Xiao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, He Ping District, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Q. Chen
- Dalian No. 7 People's Hospital and Dalian Mental Health Center, Gan Jing Zi District, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - X. Zhao
- The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - F. He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, P.R. China
| | - L. Lv
- Psychiatric Hospital of Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - L. Guo
- The Fourth Military Medical University affiliated Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - L. Liu
- No. 4 People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - H. Li
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital/Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Fang Cun Da Dao, Li Wan District, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - S. Shi
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. Flint
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - K. S. Kendler
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M. Tao
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang, P.R. China
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Abstract
Variation in the μ-opioid receptor gene has been associated with early social behavior in mice and rhesus macaques. The current study tested whether the functional OPRM1 A118G predicted various indices of social relations in children. The sample included 226 subjects of self-reported European ancestry (44% female; mean age 13.6, SD=2.2) who were part of a larger representative study of children aged 9-17 years in rural North Carolina. Multiple aspects of recent (past 3 months) parent-child relationship were assessed using the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment. Parent problems were coded based upon a lifetime history of mental health problems, substance abuse, or criminality. Child genotype interacted with parent behavior such that there were no genotype differences for those with low levels of parent problems; however, when a history of parent problems was reported, the G allele carriers had more enjoyment of parent-child interactions (mean ratio (MR)=3.5, 95% CI=1.6, 8.0) and fewer arguments (MR=3.1, 95% CI=1.1, 8.9). These findings suggest a role for the OPRM1 gene in the genetic architecture of social relations in humans. In summary, a variant in the μ-opioid receptor gene (118G) was associated with improved parent-child relations, but only in the context of a significant disruption in parental functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Epidemiology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Hui Sun
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIH/NIAAA/LNG, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Epidemiology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Adrian Angold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Developmental Epidemiology Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Markus A Heilig
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIH/NIAAA/LNG, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christina S Barr
- Section of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIH/NIAAA/LNG, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Borelli JL, Luthar SS, Suchman NE. Discrepancies in perceptions of maternal aggression: implications for children of methadone-maintained mothers. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2010; 80:412-21. [PMID: 20636946 PMCID: PMC3308352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite a long history of documenting discrepancies in parent and child reports of parental care and child psychopathology, it has only been in recent years that researchers have begun to consider these discrepancies as meaningful indicators of parent-child relationship quality and as predictors of long-term child adjustment. Discrepancies in perceptions of parenting may be particularly important for the children of mothers with a history of substance abuse who may be less aware of the impact of their behavior on their child and of their child's internalizing symptoms. This study examined associations between (a) mother-child discrepancies in reports of maternal aggression, and (b) mother and child reports of child internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Data collected from 99 mother-child dyads (with children 4-16 years of age) during the baseline phase of a randomized clinical trial testing a parenting intervention were used in this study. Measures included parent and child versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire and the Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children. Findings indicated that as children viewed their mothers as increasingly more aggressive than mothers viewed themselves, children reported more internalizing and externalizing symptoms but mothers only reported more child externalizing symptoms. Mother-child discrepancies in reports of parenting behavior have potentially meaningful implications for child emotional and behavioral problems.
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Riesch SK, Anderson LS, Pridham KA, Lutz KF, Becker PT. Furthering the understanding of parent-child relationships: a nursing scholarship review series. Part 5: parent-adolescent and teen parent-child relationships. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2010; 15:182-201. [PMID: 20618633 PMCID: PMC2904639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6155.2009.00228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to examine nursing's contribution to understanding the parent-adolescent and the teen parent-child relationships. CONCLUSION Relationships between parents and adolescents may reflect turmoil and affect adolescents' health and development. The social and developmental contexts for teen parenting are powerful and may need strengthening. Several interventions to help teen mothers interact sensitively with their infants have been developed and tested. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Nurse researchers have begun to provide evidence for practitioners to use in caring for families of adolescents and teen parents to acquire interaction skills that, in turn, may promote optimal health and development of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan K Riesch
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the parent-child relationship is fundamental to nursing of children and families. The purpose of this integrative review is to explore nursing scholarship published from 1980-2008 concerning parent-child relationships. Study approaches are examined, critiqued, and future directions for research identified. CONCLUSIONS A historical review of nursing research is presented and methods described as an introduction to a review series of the parent-child relationship. IMPLICATIONS Definition and explication of the parent-child relationship is a first-step in understanding factors amenable to nursing intervention. A clear definition of the concept of parent-child relationship will support further study using appropriate theoretical frameworks, and enable development and testing of supportive nursing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin F Lutz
- Oregon Health & Science University School of Nursing, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Nishigaki M, Kobayashi K, Kato N, Seki N, Yokomura T, Yokoyama M, Kazuma K. Preventive advice given by patients with type 2 diabetes to their offspring. Br J Gen Pract 2009; 59:37-42. [PMID: 19105914 PMCID: PMC2605529 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp09x394842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' advice-giving behaviour could be a useful preventive strategy for type 2 diabetes. AIM To investigate the conditions under which patients offer advice to their offspring and to assess the factors that facilitate advice giving. DESIGN OF STUDY Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING A general hospital with a diabetes clinic in a metropolitan suburb in Japan. METHOD Parents with type 2 diabetes (n = 221) who had offspring aged 20-49 years inclusive without diabetes completed a self-administered questionnaire containing items relating to advice-giving behaviour, demographic characteristics, risk perception, and their disease status. RESULTS A total of 184 (83.3%) patients responded that parental advice-giving behaviour is needed for their offspring, while 138 (62.4%) actually advised their offspring. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients who were female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03 to 3.65, P = 0.041), living with their offspring (OR =1.92, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.57, P = 0.038), had complications (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.25 to 6.00, P = 0.029), or perceived that their offspring had a high risk of developing diabetes (OR =1.45, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.93, P = 0.011) were most likely to advise their offspring. CONCLUSION Patients with type 2 diabetes recognised the need to give advice about preventive behaviour to their offspring but were not necessarily engaging in advice-giving behaviour. Advice-giving behaviour was affected by the parents' own disease status, their perception of their offspring's risk of developing diabetes, and the relationship between the patients and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Nishigaki
- Department of Adult Nursing/Palliative Care Nursing, School of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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