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Brinkman S, de Keizer NF, de Lange DW, Dongelmans DA, Termorshuizen F, van Bussel BCT. Strain on Scarce Intensive Care Beds Drives Reduced Patient Volumes, Patient Selection, and Worse Outcome: A National Cohort Study. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:574-585. [PMID: 38095502 PMCID: PMC10930373 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Strain on ICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic required stringent triage at the ICU to distribute resources appropriately. This could have resulted in reduced patient volumes, patient selection, and worse outcome of non-COVID-19 patients, especially during the pandemic peaks when the strain on ICUs was extreme. We analyzed this potential impact on the non-COVID-19 patients. DESIGN A national cohort study. SETTING Data of 71 Dutch ICUs. PARTICIPANTS A total of 120,393 patients in the pandemic non-COVID-19 cohort (from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2022) and 164,737 patients in the prepandemic cohort (from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Volume, patient characteristics, and mortality were compared between the pandemic non-COVID-19 cohort and the prepandemic cohort, focusing on the pandemic period and its peaks, with attention to strata of specific admission types, diagnoses, and severity. The number of admitted non-COVID-19 patients during the pandemic period and its peaks were, respectively, 26.9% and 34.2% lower compared with the prepandemic cohort. The pandemic non-COVID-19 cohort consisted of fewer medical patients (48.1% vs. 50.7%), fewer patients with comorbidities (36.5% vs. 40.6%), and more patients on mechanical ventilation (45.3% vs. 42.4%) and vasoactive medication (44.7% vs. 38.4%) compared with the prepandemic cohort. Case-mix adjusted mortality during the pandemic period and its peaks was higher compared with the prepandemic period, odds ratios were, respectively, 1.08 (95% CI, 1.05-1.11) and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.07-1.13). CONCLUSIONS In non-COVID-19 patients the strain on healthcare has driven lower patient volume, selection of fewer comorbid patients who required more intensive support, and a modest increase in the case-mix adjusted mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Brinkman
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, University of Utrecht, Intensive Care Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette F de Keizer
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, University of Utrecht, Intensive Care Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dylan W de Lange
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, University of Utrecht, Intensive Care Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dave A Dongelmans
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Termorshuizen
- Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Quality of Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center, University of Utrecht, Intensive Care Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas C T van Bussel
- National Intensive Care Evaluation Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre +, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Thomson WR, Puthucheary ZA, Wan YI. Critical care and pandemic preparedness and response. Br J Anaesth 2023; 131:847-860. [PMID: 37689541 PMCID: PMC10636520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical care was established partially in response to a polio epidemic in the 1950s. In the intervening 70 yr, several epidemics and pandemics have placed critical care and allied services under extreme pressure. Pandemics cause wholesale changes to accepted standards of practice, require reallocation and retargeting of resources and goals of care. In addition to clinical acumen, mounting an effective critical care response to a pandemic requires local, national, and international coordination in a diverse array of fields from research collaboration and governance to organisation of critical care networks and applied biomedical ethics in the eventuality of triage situations. This review provides an introduction to an array of topics that pertain to different states of pandemic acuity: interpandemic preparedness, alert, surge activity, recovery and relapse through the literature and experience of recent pandemics including COVID-19, H1N1, Ebola, and SARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Thomson
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Zudin A Puthucheary
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yize I Wan
- Adult Critical Care Unit, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, UK; William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Staub O, Debonneville A, Stifanelli M, Juffre A, Maillard MP, Gumz ML, Al-Qusairi L. Renal tubular SGK1 is required to achieve blood pressure surge and circadian rhythm. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F629-F637. [PMID: 37676758 PMCID: PMC10878722 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00211.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian pattern that rises during the active phase of the day (morning surge) and decreases during the inactive (night dipping) phase of the day. The morning surge coincides with increased circulating glucocorticoids and aldosterone, ligands for glucocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid receptors, respectively. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), a clock-controlled and glucocorticoid receptor- and mineralocorticoid receptor-induced gene, plays a role in BP regulation in human and animal models. However, the role of SGK1 in BP circadian regulation has not yet been demonstrated. Using telemetry, we analyzed BP in the inducible renal tubule-specific Sgk1Pax8/LC1 model under basal K+ diet (1% K+) and high-K+ diet (HKD; 5% K+). Our data revealed that, under basal conditions, renal SGK1 plays a minor role in BP regulation; however, after 1 wk of HKD, Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice exhibited significant defects in diastolic BP (DBP), including a blunted surge, a decreased amplitude, and reduced day/night differences. After prolonged HKD (7 wk), Sgk1Pax8/LC1 mice had lower BP than control mice and exhibited reduced DBP amplitude, together with decreased DBP day/night differences and midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR). Interestingly, renal SGK1 deletion increased pulse pressure, likely secondary to an increase in circulating aldosterone. Taken together, our data suggest that 1) the kidney plays a significant role in setting the BP circadian rhythm; 2) renal tubule SGK1 mediates the BP surge and, thus, the day/night BP difference; 3) long-term renal SGK1 deletion results in lower BP in mutant compared with control mice; and 4) renal SGK1 indirectly regulates pulse pressure due to compensatory alterations in aldosterone levels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Dysregulation of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and kidney diseases. Our study provides experimental evidence demonstrating, for the first time, that renal tubule serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) plays an essential role in inducing the BP surge. Inhibitors and activators of SGK1 signaling are parts of several therapeutic strategies. Our findings highlight the importance of the drug intake timing to be in phase with SGK1 function to avoid dysregulation of BP circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne Debonneville
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Stifanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Marc P Maillard
- Division of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Lama Al-Qusairi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Hughes EB, Gemmiti AE, Debick N, Proper H, Nicholas B, Suryadevara A. The Effects of COVID-19 Surges on Otolaryngology Consults. Cureus 2023; 15:e44794. [PMID: 37809126 PMCID: PMC10558302 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the effects COVID-19 surges had on an otolaryngology service's consultation data. Methods After obtaining Upstate University Hospital institutional review board exemption to perform this research, a retrospective review analyzing otolaryngology consults at a single institution during COVID-19 surges in the years 2020 to 2021 was performed. The total consult volume and emergency department, inpatient, pediatric, adult, weekday, night, and weekend consults were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to compare these findings to the otolaryngology consult volumes and characteristics during the same time frames as the COVID-19 surges in the years 2014 to 2019. Results Based on bivariate analysis, an upward trend in otolaryngology consult volume was found over the study period. Although there was not a significant difference in consult volume during COVID-19 surges compared to historical data (p = 0.718, p = 0.695), both surge periods had significantly lower proportions of emergency department and pediatric consults (p < 0.001 for both). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that despite increasing cases of COVID-19 infection, otolaryngology consult volume remained high during surges. It was found that there has been an increase in otolaryngology consult volume at our academic center from the year 2014 to the present, a finding that was also seen in previous studies from our institution. Interestingly, consult parameters that changed when compared to the historical data included a decreased percentage of emergency department and pediatric consults during COVID-19 surges. The summation of these findings can be used to provide insight into how hospitals and otolaryngology services can prepare for the anticipated fluctuations in COVID-19 cases and associated hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan B Hughes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
| | - Amanda E Gemmiti
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
| | - Nadia Debick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
| | - Heidi Proper
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
| | - Brian Nicholas
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
| | - Amar Suryadevara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate, Syracuse, USA
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Abstract
Air pollution may be involved in spreading dengue fever (DF) besides rainfalls and warmer temperatures. While particulate matter (PM), especially those with diameter of 10 μm (PM10) or 2.5 μm or less (PM25), and NO2 increase the risk of coronavirus 2 infection, their roles in triggering DF remain unclear. We explored if air pollution factors predict DF incidence in addition to the classic climate factors. Public databases and DF records of two southern cities in Taiwan were used in regression analyses. Month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days were retained in the enter mode model, and SO2 minimum, O3 maximum, and CO minimum were retained in the stepwise forward mode model in addition to month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days. While PM2.5 minimum showed a negative contribution to the monthly DF incidence, other variables showed the opposite effects. The sustain of month order, PM10 minimum, PM2.5 minimum, and precipitation days in both regression models confirms the role of classic climate factors and illustrates a potential biological role of the air pollutants in the life cycle of mosquito vectors and dengue virus and possibly human immune status. Future DF prevention should concern the contribution of air pollution besides the classic climate factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chun Lu
- Department of Management Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Huei Huang
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Kao
- Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - El-Wui Loh
- Center for Evidence-Based Health Care, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Tapei, Taiwan
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Villar L, Tralik B, Diamond MP, Allon M, Maldonado I, Dozortsev DI. Ovulation and birth after administration of progesterone trigger-two case reports. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1037-1044. [PMID: 36808579 PMCID: PMC10239420 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether using progesterone as a trigger of a gonadotropin surge will induce ovulation and a competent corpus luteum. METHODS Patients were administered 5 or 10 mg of progesterone intramuscularly when the leading follicle reached preovulatory size. RESULTS We demonstrate that progesterone injections result in classical ultrasonographic hallmarks of ovulation about 48 h later and the formation of a corpus luteum competent to support pregnancy. CONCLUSION Our results support further exploration of using progesterone to trigger a gonadotropin surge in assisted human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Villar
- CITMER Medicina Reproductiva, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beata Tralik
- Advanced Fertility Center of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Allon
- Advanced Fertility Center of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Dmitri I Dozortsev
- CITMER Medicina Reproductiva, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Advanced Fertility Center of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
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Villarroel L, Tams E, Smith L, Rigler J, Wilson D, Hu C, Glassberg MK. Arizona Surge Line: An emergent statewide COVID-19 transfer service with equity as an outcome. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1028353. [PMID: 36761321 PMCID: PMC9907843 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Arizona Surge Line was an emergent initiative during the COVID-19 pandemic to facilitate COVID-19 patient transfers and load-level hospitals on a statewide level. It was designed and implemented by the Arizona Department of Health Services in preparation for the first hospital surge due to COVID-19, recognizing the disproportionate impact that hospital surge would have on rural and tribal populations. Methods We analyzed the Arizona Surge Line transfer data for the state's first two COVID-19 surges (4/16/2020-3/6/2021). Transfer data included transfer request characteristics, patient demographics and participating hospital characteristics. When applicable, we compared this data with Arizona census data, COVID-19 case data, and the CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index. The primary outcomes studied were the proportion of COVID-19 patient requests being successfully transferred, the median transfer time, and the proportion of vulnerable populations impacted. Results During the period of study, 160 hospitals in Arizona made 6,732 requests for transfer of COVID-19 patients. The majority of these patients (84%, 95% CI: 83-85%) were placed successfully with a median transfer time of 59 min (inter-quartile range 33-116). Of all transfer requests, 58% originated from rural hospitals, 53% were for patients of American Indian/Alaska Native ethnicity, and 73% of patients originated from highly vulnerable areas. The majority (98%) of receiving facilities were in urban areas. The Arizona Surge Line matched the number of transfers with licensed market shares during the period of study. Conclusions The Arizona Surge Line is an equity-enhancing initiative that disproportionately benefited vulnerable populations. This statewide transfer infrastructure could become a standard public health mechanism to manage hospital surges and enhance access to care during a health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Villarroel
- Division of Public Health Preparedness, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, United States,*Correspondence: Lisa Villarroel ✉
| | - Erin Tams
- Division of Public Health Preparedness, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Luke Smith
- Division of Public Health Preparedness, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jessica Rigler
- Division of Public Health Preparedness, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Dena Wilson
- Phoenix Area Indian Health Service, Indian Health Service, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Marilyn K. Glassberg
- Medicine/Pulmonary, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States,Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Banner-University Medical Center Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States
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Harris GH, Cobb JP, Evans L. Crisis Triage in the Era of COVID-19: Old Tools, New Approaches, and Unanswered Questions. Crit Care Med 2023; 51:148-50. [PMID: 36519991 DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang FW, Meghoo CA, Staats KL, Hayes EP, Metzner M, Sobel J, Hultquist E, Noste EE, Wright CE, Devereaux A, Backer H. Reduction in Hospital Transfers at a US COVID-19 Alternate Care Site: Maintaining Surge Capacity Support in Imperial County, California. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e231. [PMID: 35781121 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The transfer rate for patients from an Alternate Care Site (ACS) back to a hospital may serve as a metric of appropriate patient selection and the ability of an ACS to treat moderate to severely ill patients accepted from overwhelmed health-care systems. During the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, hospitals worldwide experienced acute surges of patients presenting with acute respiratory failure. METHODS An ACS in Imperial County, California was re-established in November 2020 to help decompress 2 local hospitals experiencing surges of COVID-19 cases. The patients treated often had multiple comorbid illnesses and required a median supplemental oxygen of 3 L/min (LPM) on admission. Numerous interventions were initiated during a 2-wk period to improve clinical care delivery. RESULTS The objectives of this retrospective observational study are to evaluate the impact of these clinical and staff interventions at an ACS on the transfer rate and to provide issues to consider for future ACS sites managing COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that continuous, real-time process-improvement interventions helped reduce the transfer rate back to hospitals from 36.7% to 14.5% and that an ACS is a viable option for managing symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients requiring hospital-level care when hospitals are overburdened.
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Lobo SM, Creutzfeldt CJ, Maia IS, Town JA, Amorim E, Kross EK, Çoruh B, Patel PV, Jannotta GE, Lewis A, Greer DM, Curtis JR, Sharma M, Wahlster S. Perceptions of Critical Care Shortages, Resource Use, and Provider Well-being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of 1,985 Health Care Providers in Brazil. Chest 2022; 161:1526-1542. [PMID: 35150658 PMCID: PMC8828383 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brazil has been disproportionately affected by COVID-19, placing a high burden on ICUs. RESEARCH QUESTION Are perceptions of ICU resource availability associated with end-of-life decisions and burnout among health care providers (HCPs) during COVID-19 surges in Brazil? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We electronically administered a survey to multidisciplinary ICU HCPs during two 2-week periods (in June 2020 and March 2021) coinciding with COVID-19 surges. We examined responses across geographical regions and performed multivariate regressions to explore factors associated with reports of: (1) families being allowed less input in decisions about maintaining life-sustaining treatments for patients with COVID-19 and (2) emotional distress and burnout. RESULTS We included 1,985 respondents (57% physicians, 14% nurses, 12% respiratory therapists, 16% other HCPs). More respondents reported shortages during the second surge compared with the first (P < .05 for all comparisons), including lower availability of intensivists (66% vs 42%), ICU nurses (53% vs 36%), ICU beds (68% vs 22%), and ventilators for patients with COVID-19 (80% vs 70%); shortages were highest in the North. One-quarter of HCPs reported that families were allowed less input in decisions about maintaining life-sustaining treatments for patients with COVID-19, which was associated with lack of intensivists (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.37; 95% CI, 1.05-1.80) and ICU beds (aRR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.62) during the first surge and lack of N95 masks (aRR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.10-1.85), noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (aRR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.18-2.07), and oxygen concentrators (aRR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13-2.00) during the second surge. Burnout was higher during the second surge (60% vs 71%; P < .001), associated with witnessing colleagues at one's hospital contract COVID-19 during both surges (aRR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.25-1.93] and 1.31 [95% CI, 1.11-1.55], respectively), as well as worries about finances (aRR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.61) and lack of ICU nurses (aRR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02-1.53) during the first surge. INTERPRETATION During the COVID-19 pandemic, ICU HCPs in Brazil experienced substantial resource shortages, health care disparities between regions, changes in end-of-life care associated with resource shortages, and high proportions of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana M Lobo
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital de Base, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claire J Creutzfeldt
- Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Israel S Maia
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - James A Town
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Edilberto Amorim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Erin K Kross
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Başak Çoruh
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pratik V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gemi E Jannotta
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ariane Lewis
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, New York University, New York, NY
| | - David M Greer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - J Randall Curtis
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Monisha Sharma
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sarah Wahlster
- Department of Neurology, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
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Njoh AA, Mboke E, Ndoula ST, Bachir HB, Nembot R, Chebo C, Aman A, Saidu Y. COVID-19 in a region of Cameroon hit by armed conflict. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:32. [PMID: 35382043 PMCID: PMC8956904 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.32.32587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction the emergence of more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants like Delta and Omicron have triggered the next wave of COVID-19 in many parts of the world. Here we report a surge in COVID-19 cases and deaths in the Northwest (NW) Region of Cameroon, which is plagued with low immunization coverage and armed conflict. Methods a cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021 and data on COVID-19 cases and vaccination were reviewed from the Ministry of Health database from January 1st, 2020 to September 4th, 2021. The security situation of the region was obtained from the districts and regional health managers. Data were analyzed with MS Excel and results presented as trends and proportions. Results since the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increasing prevalence in cases in the NW. Between epidemiological week 34-35 of 2021, there was a surge in COVID-19 cases in the NW. More than 70% of all COVID-19 related deaths reported in the country during epidemiological week-35 were recorded in this region. Despite this high mortality, COVID-19 vaccine uptake remains very low in the region. Indeed, just 0.6% of the 962,036-target population 18-years and above are fully immunized after 6-months of vaccination. Conclusion though the country´s epi-curve does not suggest a third wave currently, the NW is experiencing a steady COVID-19 case surge amid insecurity and the circulation of the Delta variant. There is therefore a need to adopt innovative strategies to improve immunization and strengthen other SARS-CoV-2 preventive measures in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ateke Njoh
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Eric Mboke
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Hassan Ben Bachir
- Department of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Raoul Nembot
- Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Cornelius Chebo
- Regional Delegation of Public Health for the Northwest Region, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Adidja Aman
- Department of Family Health, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Yauba Saidu
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Institute for Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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12
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Christensen K, Metzner M, Lovett-Floom L, Lindsay C, Meghoo CA, Staats K, Devereaux A, Noste E, Backer H. Utilization of Alternate Care Sites During the COVID-19 Surge and Mass Care: California, 2020-2021. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e155. [PMID: 35361309 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused critical hospital bed and staffing shortages in parts of California for most of 2020 and 2021. Alternate Care Sites (ACS) were established in several regions to alleviate the hospital patient surge and to maximize staffed bed capacity. Over 1900 patients were successfully provided medical care (with physician, nursing, respiratory therapy, oxygen, and pharmacy services) in relatively austere settings. This paper examines the challenges faced at these ACS facilities and how adaptations were incorporated according to the changing dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic to successfully manage higher acuity patients. ACS facilities were 1 approach to California's surge of COVID-19 patients, despite limited medical supplies and staffing.
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13
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Stajuda M, García Cava D, Liśkiewicz G. Comparison of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Singular Spectrum Analysis for Quick and Robust Detection of Aerodynamic Instabilities in Centrifugal Compressors. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:2063. [PMID: 35271209 DOI: 10.3390/s22052063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerodynamic instabilities in centrifugal compressors are dangerous phenomena affecting machine efficiency and in severe cases leading to failure of the compressing system. Quick and robust instability detection during compressor operation is a challenge of utmost importance from an economical and safety point of view. Rapid indication of instabilities can be obtained using a pressure signal from the compressor. Detection of aerodynamic instabilities using pressure signal results in specific challenges, as the signal is often highly contaminated with noise, which can influence the performance of detection methods. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the performance of two non-linear signal processing methods-Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)-for aerodynamic instability detection. Two instabilities of different character, local-inlet recirculation and global-surge, are considered. The comparison focuses on the robustness, sensitivity and pace of detection-crucial parameters for a successful detection method. It is shown that both EMD and SSA perform similarly for the analysed machine, despite different underlying principles of the methods. Both EMD and SSA have great potential for instabilities detection, but tuning of their parameters is important for robust detection.
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14
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Keene AB, Admon AJ, Brenner SK, Gupta S, Lazarous D, Leaf DE, Gershengorn HB. Association of Surge Conditions with Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. J Intensive Care Med 2021; 37:500-509. [PMID: 34939474 PMCID: PMC8926920 DOI: 10.1177/08850666211067509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine whether surge conditions were associated with increased
mortality. Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting U.S. ICUs participating in STOP-COVID. Patients Consecutive adults with COVID-19 admitted to participating ICUs between March
4 and July 1, 2020. Interventions None Measurements and Main Results The main outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality. To assess the association
between admission to an ICU during a surge period and mortality, we used two
different strategies: (1) an inverse probability weighted
difference-in-differences model limited to appropriately matched surge and
non-surge patients and (2) a meta-regression of 50 multivariable
difference-in-differences models (each based on sets of randomly matched
surge- and non-surge hospitals). In the first analysis, we considered a
single surge period for the cohort (March 23 – May 6). In the second, each
surge hospital had its own surge period (which was compared to the same time
periods in matched non-surge hospitals). Our cohort consisted of 4342 ICU patients (average age 60.8 [sd 14.8], 63.5%
men) in 53 U.S. hospitals. Of these, 13 hospitals encountered surge
conditions. In analysis 1, the increase in mortality seen during surge was
not statistically significant (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.30 [0.47-3.58],
p = .6). In analysis 2, surge was associated with an increased odds of death
(odds ratio 1.39 [95% CI, 1.34-1.43], p < .001). Conclusions Admission to an ICU with COVID-19 in a hospital that is experiencing surge
conditions may be associated with an increased odds of death. Given the high
incidence of COVID-19, such increases would translate into substantial
excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Keene
- 2006Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Admon
- 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,20034VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha K Brenner
- 576909Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall, Nutley, NJ, USA.,Heart and Vascular Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Shruti Gupta
- 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David E Leaf
- 1861Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hayley B Gershengorn
- 2006Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,12235University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Dichter JR, Devereaux AV, Sprung CL, Mukherjee V, Persoff J, Baum KD, Ornoff D, Uppal A, Hossain T, Henry KN, Ghazipura M, Bowden KR, Feldman HJ, Hamele MT, Burry LD, Martland AMO, Huffines M, Tosh PK, Downar J, Hick JL, Christian MD, Maves RC. Mass Critical Care Surge Response During COVID-19: Implementation of Contingency Strategies - A Preliminary Report of Findings From the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Chest 2021; 161:429-447. [PMID: 34499878 PMCID: PMC8420082 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the publication of a 2014 consensus statement regarding mass critical care during public health emergencies, much has been learned about surge responses and the care of overwhelming numbers of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaps in prior pandemic planning were identified and require modification in the midst of severe ongoing surges throughout the world. Research Question A subcommittee from The Task Force for Mass Critical Care (TFMCC) investigated the most recent COVID-19 publications coupled with TFMCC members anecdotal experience in order to formulate operational strategies to optimize contingency level care, and prevent crisis care circumstances associated with increased mortality. Study Design and Methods TFMCC adopted a modified version of established rapid guideline methodologies from the World Health Organization and the Guidelines International Network-McMaster Guideline Development Checklist. With a consensus development process incorporating expert opinion to define important questions and extract evidence, the TFMCC developed relevant pandemic surge suggestions in a structured manner, incorporating peer-reviewed literature, “gray” evidence from lay media sources, and anecdotal experiential evidence. Results Ten suggestions were identified regarding staffing, load-balancing, communication, and technology. Staffing models are suggested with resilience strategies to support critical care staff. ICU surge strategies and strain indicators are suggested to enhance ICU prioritization tactics to maintain contingency level care and to avoid crisis triage, with early transfer strategies to further load-balance care. We suggest that intensivists and hospitalists be engaged with the incident command structure to ensure two-way communication, situational awareness, and the use of technology to support critical care delivery and families of patients in ICUs. Interpretation A subcommittee from the TFMCC offers interim evidence-informed operational strategies to assist hospitals and communities to plan for and respond to surge capacity demands resulting from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amit Uppal
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Tanzib Hossain
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Marya Ghazipura
- Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Henry J Feldman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | - Mitchell T Hamele
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John L Hick
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; Hennepin Health Care, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael D Christian
- Research & Clinical Effectiveness Lead/HEMS Doctor, London's Air Ambulance, Bart's NHS Health Trust, London, England
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
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16
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Mishra B, Ranjan J, Purushotham P, Saha S, Payal P, Kar P, Das S, Deshmukh V. High proportion of low cycle threshold value as an early indicator of COVID-19 surge. J Med Virol 2021; 94:240-245. [PMID: 34460115 PMCID: PMC8661879 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many countries in the world are experiencing a recent surge in COVID‐19 cases. This is mainly attributed to the emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Genome sequencing is the only means to detect the evolving virus mutants and emerging variants. Cycle threshold values have an inverse relationship with viral load and lower Ct values are also found to be associated with increased infectivity. In this study, we propose to use Ct values as an early indicator for upcoming COVID‐19 waves. A retrospective cross‐sectional study was carried out to analyze the Ct values of positive samples reported during the first wave and second wave (April 2020–May 2021). Median Ct values of confirmatory genes were taken into consideration for comparison. Ct values below 25, >25–30, and >30 were categorized as high, moderate, and low viral load respectively. Our study found a significantly higher proportion of positive samples with a low Ct value (<25) across age groups and gender during the second wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. A higher proportion of positive samples with a low Ct value (high viral load) may act as an early indicator of an upcoming surge. A surge in COVID‐19 cases is predominantly due to emergence of new SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Cycle threshold values have an inverse relationship with viral load and also associated with infectivity. Our study found a significantly higher proportion of positive samples with low Ct value (<25) across age groups and gender during the second wave of COVID‐19 pandemic. Higher proportion of positive samples with low Ct value (high viral load) may act as an early indicator of an upcoming surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baijayantimala Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jai Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prashanth Purushotham
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swarnatrisha Saha
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Poesy Payal
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Punyatoya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sivasankar Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vaishnavi Deshmukh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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17
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Devereaux AV, Backer H, Salami A, Wright C, Christensen K, Rice K, Jakel-Smith C, Metzner M, Bains JK, Staats K, Branson R, Pierce M, Noste E, Duncan D. Oxygen and Ventilator Logistics During California's COVID-19 Surge: When Oxygen Becomes a Scarce Resource. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e33. [PMID: 34392858 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The state of California, in the United States of America, has a population of nearly 40 million people and is the 5th largest economy in the world. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020-2021, the state experienced a medical surge that stressed its sophisticated health-care and public health system. During this period, ventilators, oxygen, and other equipment necessary for providing ventilatory support became a scarce resource in many health-care settings. When demand overwhelms supply, creative solutions are required at all levels of disaster management and health care. This study describes the disaster response by the state of California to mitigate the emergency demands for oxygen delivery resources.
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18
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Azoulay E, Pochard F, Reignier J, Argaud L, Bruneel F, Courbon P, Cariou A, Klouche K, Labbé V, Barbier F, Guitton C, Demoule A, Kouatchet A, Guisset O, Jourdain M, Papazian L, Van Der Meersch G, Reuter D, Souppart V, Resche-Rigon M, Darmon M, Kentish-Barnes N. Symptoms of Mental Health Disorders in Critical Care Physicians Facing the Second COVID-19 Wave: A Cross-Sectional Study. Chest 2021; 160:944-955. [PMID: 34023323 PMCID: PMC8137352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working in the ICU during the first COVID-19 wave was associated with high levels of mental health disorders. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the mental health symptoms in health-care providers (HCPs) facing the second wave? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study (October 30-December 1, 2020) was conducted in 16 ICUs during the second wave in France. HCPs completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (for post-traumatic stress disorder), and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS Of 1,203 HCPs, 845 responded (70%) (66% nursing staff, 32% medical staff, 2% other professionals); 487 (57.6%) had treated more than 10 new patients with COVID-19 in the previous week. Insomnia affected 320 (37.9%), and 7.7% were taking a psychotropic drug daily. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and burnout were reported in 60.0% (95% CI, 56.6%-63.3%), 36.1% (95% CI, 32.9%-39.5%), 28.4% (95% CI, 25.4%-31.6%), and 45.1% (95% CI, 41.7%-48.5%) of respondents, respectively. Independent predictors of such symptoms included respondent characteristics (sex, profession, experience, personality traits), work organization (ability to rest and to care for family), and self-perceptions (fear of becoming infected or of infecting family and friends, feeling pressure related to the surge, intention to leave the ICU, lassitude, working conditions, feeling they had a high-risk profession, and "missing the clapping"). The number of patients with COVID-19 treated in the first wave or over the last week was not associated with symptoms of mental health disorders. INTERPRETATION The prevalence of symptoms of mental health disorders is high in ICU HCPs managing the second COVID-19 surge. The highest tiers of hospital management urgently need to provide psychological support, peer-support groups, and a communication structure that ensure the well-being of HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Frédéric Pochard
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean Reignier
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Center, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Argaud
- Medical Intensive Care Department, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Bruneel
- Intensive Care Unit, André Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Pascale Courbon
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin University Hospital, AP-HP, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kada Klouche
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lapeyronie Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Labbé
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Tenon University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Barbier
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, La Source Hospital, Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Alexandre Demoule
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire AP-HP-Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière site, Service de Pneumologie, Médecine Intensive et Réanimation (Département R3S) and Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Achille Kouatchet
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Angers Teaching Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Guisset
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Saint-André Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mercé Jourdain
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Roger Salengro, INSERM, Lille University, U1190, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Papazian
- Respiratory and Infectious Diseases ICU, AP-HM Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Danielle Reuter
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil, France
| | - Virginie Souppart
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael Darmon
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nancy Kentish-Barnes
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, AP-HP, Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
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19
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Kang KS, Huggins C, Diaz-Fuentes G, Schiller L. COVID-19 preparedness: A Bronx, New York, inner-city hospital's experience with medication management and readiness for a second surge. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:462-466. [PMID: 33483730 PMCID: PMC7929427 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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20
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Berkowitz D, Simpson J, Cohen JS, Kadakia A, Badolato G, Breslin KA. Implementing Paper Documentation During an Influenza Surge in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Emerg Care 2021; 37:126-130. [PMID: 33512892 PMCID: PMC7850558 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that a paper documentation and discharge bundle can expedite patient care during an influenza-related surge. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of low-acuity patients younger than 21 years surging into a pediatric emergency department between January and March 2018 with influenza-like illness. Patient visits documented using a paper bundle were compared with those documented in the electronic medical record on the same date of visit. The primary outcome of interest was time from physician evaluation to discharge for patient visits documented using the paper bundle compared with those documented in the electronic medical record. Secondary outcome was difference in return visits within 72 hours. We identified patient and visit level factors associated with emergency department length of stay. RESULTS A total of 1591 patient visits were included, 1187 documented in the electronic health record and 404 documented using the paper bundle. Patient visits documented using the paper bundle had a 21% shortened median time from physician evaluation to discharge (41 minutes; interquartile range, 27-62.8 minutes) as compared with patient visits documented in the electronic health record (52 minutes; interquartile range, 35-61 minutes; P < 0.001). There was no difference in return visits (odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.2, 2.2). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of paper charting during an influenza-related surge was associated with shorter physician to discharge times when compared with patient visits documented in the electronic health record. A paper bundle may improve patient throughput and decrease emergency department overcrowding during influenza or coronavirus disease-related surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deena Berkowitz
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Joelle Simpson
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Joanna S. Cohen
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Ashaini Kadakia
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Gia Badolato
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System
| | - Kristen A. Breslin
- From the Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Children's National Health System
- The George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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Xu H, Ren N, Wu J, Zhu Z, Guo Q, Sheng K. The Impact of Process Conditions on Surge Current Capability of 1.2 kV SiC JBS and MPS Diodes. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:663. [PMID: 33572683 DOI: 10.3390/ma14030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrated the impact of process conditions on the surge current capability of 1.2 kV SiC junction barrier Schottky diode (JBS) and merged PiN Schottky diode (MPS). The influence of ohmic contact and defect density produced by implantation was studied in the simulation. The device fabricated with high temperature implantation had less defect density in the implant region compared with room temperature implantation, which contributed to higher hole injection in surge current mode and 20% surge capability improvement. In addition, with lower P+ ohmic contact resistance, the device had higher surge capability. When compared to device fabrication with a single Schottky metal layer in the device active area, adding additional P+ ohmic contact on top of the P+ regions in the device active area resulted in the pn junctions sharing a greater portion of surge current, and improved the devices’ surge capability by ~10%.
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22
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Adekanmi AJ, Baiyewu LA, Osobu BE, Atalabi OM. Where COVID-19 testing is challenging: a case series highlighting the role of thoracic imaging in resolving management dilemma posed by unusual presentation. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:284. [PMID: 33654511 PMCID: PMC7896536 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.284.26697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains an evolving disease posing a challenge of incomplete understanding escalated by random atypical clinical presentations. Numerous challenges still exist with accessibility and availability of standard COVID-19 viral testing using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), in low- and middle-income countries, especially in several hospital settings. The clinical information of three select patients at a major health facility in Southwestern Nigeria with unusual COVID-19 clinical presentation and clinical management dilemma related to challenges with COVID-19 viral laboratory testing, were retrospectively reviewed. The medical history in all three cases closely mimicked that of other medical conditions because of assumptions created by red herrings like an acute exacerbation of an underlying non-communicable disease (diaphragmatic eventration) in case 1, re-activation of a previously treated lung condition (tuberculosis) in case 2 and a sequalae of a previously diagnosed but poorly-managed chronic non-communicable disease (decompensated hypertensive heart disease). Also, viral testing was challenging in all cases due to reasons ranging from late turn-around time to inconsistent results. However, thoracic imaging was employed in all cases to heighten suspicion of COVID-19 infection, resolve management dilemma and limit intra-hospital spread. Thoracic imaging can play a major role within hospital settings in low-and middle-income countries in resolving diagnostic challenges of atypical COVID-19 clinical presentations, raising suspicion for early institution of intra-hospital disease containment measures, limiting exposure among hospital staff and guiding clinical case management of COVID-19; especially where challenges with confirmatory viral testing remain persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Joseph Adekanmi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lateef Ayodele Baiyewu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Omolola Mojisola Atalabi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Meyer M, Bindelglas E, Kupferman ME, Eggermont AM. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic will create a disease surge among cancer patients. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:ed105. [PMID: 33082857 PMCID: PMC7532024 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With major parts of the United States in lockdown, parts of Europe and the UK possibly going back on lockdown or expecting a second COVID-19 wave and rapidly rising rates elsewhere other than Asia, many people are forgoing regular cancer screenings and prevention services. More worrisome, some may be experiencing early signs or symptoms, yet they are not seeking evaluation, treatment or surveillance examinations. The long-term impact of this on patients, families and health care providers will be substantial. Not only will this strain sophisticated health systems in developed countries, but it will also overwhelm the health care infrastructure in developing countries. Health-care executives, cancer center directors, oncologists and policy experts should focus now on serving this potential “third wave” of sick patients who have delayed treatment. Stopping COVID-19 is critical. However, it’s also essential to plan for the coming wave of patients who have delayed seeking care or don’t have access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Meyer
- Meyer Consulting, 5665 N Scottsdale Road, Suite 110 Scottsdale, AZ 85250, USA
| | - Ethan Bindelglas
- Meyer Consulting, 5665 N Scottsdale Road, Suite 110 Scottsdale, AZ 85250, USA
| | - Michael E Kupferman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander Mm Eggermont
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Babu N, Kohli P, Mishra C, Sen S, Arthur D, Chhablani D, Baliga G, Ramasamy K. To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on patient care at a tertiary-care ophthalmology institute. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:1540-1544. [PMID: 32709770 PMCID: PMC7640832 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1673_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown on patient care at a tertiary-care ophthalmology institute. Methods: Records of all the patients who presented from March 25th to May 3rd, 2020 were scanned to evaluate the details regarding the presenting complaints, diagnosis, advised treatment and surgical interventions. Results: The number of outpatient department visits, retinal laser procedures, intravitreal injections and cataract surgeries during this lockdown decreased by 96.5%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 99.7% respectively compared from the corresponding time last year. Around 38.8% patients could be triaged as non-emergency cases based on history alone while 59.5% patients could be triaged as non-emergency cases after examination. Only eighty-four patients opted for video-consultation from April 15th to May 3rd, 2020. Nine patients presented with perforated corneal ulcer, but could not undergo penetrating keratoplasty due to the lack to available donor corneal tissue. One of these patients had to undergo evisceration due to disease progression. Two patients with open globe injury presented late after trauma and had to undergo enucleation. Around 9% patients could not undergo the advised urgent procedure due to logistical issues related to the lockdown. Conclusion: A significant number of patients could not get adequate treatment during the lockdown period. Hospitals need to build capacity to cater to the expected patient surge post-COVID-19-era, especially those requiring immediate in-person attention. A large number of patients can be classified as non-emergency cases. These patients need to be encouraged to follow-up via video-consultation to carve adequate in-person time for the high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Babu
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Piyush Kohli
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitaranjan Mishra
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sagnik Sen
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhipak Arthur
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepesh Chhablani
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Girish Baliga
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kim Ramasamy
- Vitreo-Retinal Services, Aravind Eye Hospital and Post Graduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Naganathan S, Meehan-Coussee K, Pasichow S, Rybasack-Smith H, Binder W, Beaudoin F, Musits AN, Sutton E, Petrone G, Levine AC, Suner S. From Concerts to COVID: Transforming the RI Convention Center into an Alternate Hospital Site in under a Month. R I Med J (2013) 2020; 103:8-13. [PMID: 32752556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Field hospitals have long been used to extend health care capabilities in times of crisis. In response to the pandemic and an anticipated surge in patients, Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo announced a plan to create three field hospitals, or "alternate hospital sites" (AHS), totaling 1,000 beds, in order to expand the state's hospital capacity. Following China's Fangcang shelter hospital model, the Lifespan AHS (LAHS) planning group attempted to identify existing public venues that could support rapid conversion to a site for large numbers of patients at a reasonable cost. After discussions with many stakeholders - pharmacy, laboratory, healthcare providers, security, emergency medical services, and infection control - design and equipment recommendations were given to the architects during daily teleconferencing and site visits. Specific patient criteria for the LAHS were established, staffing was prioritized, and clinical protocols were designed to facilitate care. Simulations using 4 different scenarios were practiced in order to assure proper patient care and flow, pharmacy utilization, and staffing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Naganathan
- Global Emergency Medicine Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Kelly Meehan-Coussee
- Emergency Medical Services Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Scott Pasichow
- Emergency Medical Services Fellow, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Heather Rybasack-Smith
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - William Binder
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Francesca Beaudoin
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Andrew N Musits
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Elizabeth Sutton
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Gianna Petrone
- Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Adam C Levine
- Associate Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
| | - Selim Suner
- Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
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Meneghini RM. Resource Reallocation during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Suburban Hospital System: Implications for Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2020; 35:S15-S18. [PMID: 32376170 PMCID: PMC7175890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID pandemic of 2020 has emerged as a global threat to patients, health care providers, and to the global economy. Owing to this particular novel and highly infectious strain of coronavirus, the rapid community spread and clinical severity of the subsequent respiratory syndrome created a substantial strain on hospitals and health care systems around the world. The rapid surge of patients presenting over a small period for emergent clinical care, admission to the hospital, and intensive care units with many requiring mechanically assisted ventilators for respiratory support demonstrated the potential to overwhelm health care workers, hospitals, and health care systems. The purpose of this article is to describe an effective system for redeployment of health care supplies, resources, and personnel to hospitals within a suburban academic hospital system to optimize the care of COVID patients, while treating orthopedic patients in an equally ideal setting to maximize their surgical and clinical care. This article will provide a particular focus on the current and future role of a specialty hip and knee hospital and its partnering ambulatory surgery center in the context of an outpatient arthroplasty program.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Michael Meneghini
- Reprint requests: R. Michael Meneghini, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University Health Hip & Knee Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 13100 East 136th Street, Suite 2000, Fishers, IN 46037
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Liu Y, Ma K, He H, Gao K. Obtaining Information about Operation of Centrifugal Compressor from Pressure by Combining EEMD and IMFE. Entropy (Basel) 2020; 22:E424. [PMID: 33286198 DOI: 10.3390/e22040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on entropy characteristics, some complex nonlinear dynamics of the dynamic pressure at the outlet of a centrifugal compressor are analyzed, as the centrifugal compressor operates in a stable and unstable state. First, the 800-kW centrifugal compressor is tested to gather the time sequence of dynamic pressure at the outlet by controlling the opening of the anti-surge valve at the outlet, and both the stable and unstable states are tested. Then, multi-scale fuzzy entropy and an improved method are introduced to analyze the gathered time sequence of dynamic pressure. Furthermore, the decomposed signals of dynamic pressure are obtained using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and are decomposed into six intrinsic mode functions and one residual signal, and the intrinsic mode functions with large correlation coefficients in the frequency domain are used to calculate the improved multi-scale fuzzy entropy (IMFE). Finally, the statistical reliability of the method is studied by modifying the original data. After analysis of the relationships between the dynamic pressure and entropy characteristics, some important intrinsic dynamics are captured. The entropy becomes the largest in the stable state, but decreases rapidly with the deepening of the unstable state, and it becomes the smallest in the surge. Compared with multi-scale fuzzy entropy, the curve of the improved method is smoother and could show the change of entropy exactly under different scale factors. For the decomposed signals, the unstable state is captured clearly for higher order intrinsic mode functions and residual signals, while the unstable state is not apparent for lower order intrinsic mode functions. In conclusion, it can be observed that the proposed method can be used to accurately identify the unstable states of a centrifugal compressor in real-time fault diagnosis.
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Krauss KW, Osland MJ. Tropical cyclones and the organization of mangrove forests: a review. Ann Bot 2020; 125:213-234. [PMID: 31603463 PMCID: PMC7442392 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many mangrove ecosystems are periodically exposed to high velocity winds and surge from tropical cyclones, and often recover with time and continue to provide numerous societal benefits in the wake of storm events. SCOPE This review focuses on the drivers and disturbance mechanisms (visible and functional) that tropical cyclones of various intensities have on mangrove ecosystem properties around the world, as well as the potential ecosystem services role offered by mangroves along storm-ravaged coastlines. When viewed together, studies describe repeatable types of impact and a variety of responses of mangroves that make them ecologically resilient to high velocity winds, and which have served to advance the notion that mangroves are disturbance-adapted ecosystems. CONCLUSIONS Studies have documented massive tree mortality and forest structural shifts as well as high variability of spatial effects associated with proximity and direction of the tropical cyclone trajectory that influence biogeochemical processes, recovery of individual trees, and forest regeneration and succession. Mangroves provide coastal protection through surge and wind suppression during tropical cyclones, and yet are able to overcome wind effects and often recover unless some alternative environmental stress is at play (e.g. hydrological alteration or sedimentation). Structural elements of mangroves are influenced by the legacies imposed by past tropical cyclone injury, which affect their current appearance, and presumably their function, at any point in time. However, much is yet to be discovered about the importance of the effects of tropical cyclones on these fascinating botanical ecosystems, including the role of storm-based sediment subsidies, and much more effort will be needed to predict future recovery patterns as the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones potentially change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken W Krauss
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, USA
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Michael J Osland
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, USA
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Liu Y, Ding D, Ma K, Gao K. Descriptions of Entropy with Fractal Dynamics and Their Applications to the Flow Pressure of Centrifugal Compressor. Entropy (Basel) 2019; 21:E266. [PMID: 33266981 DOI: 10.3390/e21030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, some important intrinsic dynamics have been captured after analyzing the relationships between the dynamic pressure at an outlet of centrifugal compressor and fractal characteristics, which is one of powerful descriptions in entropy to measure the disorder or complexity in the nonlinear dynamic system. In particular, the fractal dynamics of dynamic pressure of the flow is studied, as the centrifugal compressor is in surge state, resulting in the dynamic pressure of flow and becoming a serious disorder and complex. First, the dynamic pressure at outlet of a centrifugal compressor with 800 kW is tested and then obtained by controlling the opening of the anti-surge valve at the outlet, and both the stable state and surge are initially tested and analyzed. Subsequently, the fractal dynamics is introduced to study the intrinsic dynamics of dynamic pressure under various working conditions, in order to identify surge, which is one typical flow instability in centrifugal compressor. Following fractal dynamics, the Hurst exponent, autocorrelation functions, and variance in measure theories of entropy are studied to obtain the mono-fractal characteristics of the centrifugal compressor. Further, the multi-fractal spectrums are investigated in some detail, and their physical meanings are consequently explained. At last, the statistical reliability of multi-fractal spectrum by modifying the original data has been studied. The results show that a distinct relationship between the dynamic pressure and fractal characteristics exists, including mono-fractal and multi-fractal, and such fractal dynamics are intrinsic. As the centrifugal compressor is working under normal condition, its autocorrelation function curve demonstrates apparent stochastic characteristics, and its Hurst exponent and variance are lower. However, its autocorrelation function curve demonstrates an apparent heavy tail distribution, and its Hurst exponent and variance are higher, as it is working in an unstable condition, namely, surge. In addition, the results show that the multi-fractal spectrum parameters are closely related to the dynamic pressure. With the state of centrifugal compressor being changed from stable to unstable states, some multi-fractal spectrum parameters Δα, Δf(α), αmax, and f(αmin) become larger, but αmin in the multi-fractal spectrum show the opposite trend, and consistent properties are graphically shown for the randomly shuffled data. As a conclusion, the proposed method, as one measure method for entropy, can be used to feasibly identify the incipient surge of a centrifugal compressor and design its surge controller.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To optimize fluid dynamics through measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in a venturi phacoemulsification machine in dogs. PROCEDURES In step I, flow and IOP of the test chamber were measured using a pressure transducer with the bottle height (BH) set at 50, 70, 100, and 120 cm and the vacuum from 30 to 450 mmHg. A 19-gauge phaco and a 0.3-mm irrigation/aspiration (I/A) handpiece were used. In step II, flow and IOP were measured in an enucleated canine eye with a 3.0- and a 3.2-mm clear corneal incision (CCI), respectively. IOP was measured using the pressure transducer at a 30-mmHg vacuum to allow corneal deformation, to define the fluidic parameters for preventing surge. RESULTS Flow was directly proportional to the BH and vacuum, whereas IOP was directly proportional to the BH and inversely to the vacuum. Flow with an I/A handpiece was significantly less than with a phaco handpiece, explaining why IOP with an I/A handpiece was significantly higher than with a phaco handpiece. With the I/A handpiece, vacuum parameters less than 450 mmHg did not result in corneal deformation. IOP with a 3.2-mm CCI was significantly lower than with a 3.0-mm CCI, with the 3.2-mm flow being greater than the 3.0-mm flow. CONCLUSIONS BH during the I/A stage could be reduced to avoid unnecessary stress on the canine eye when using a venturi system. Although phacoemulsification with a 3.2-mm CCI could induce lower IOP, a 3.0-mm CCI might lessen the irrigation flow stress on the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Sangwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Noh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
Needs are not directly assessed, but rather, the identification of needs is the result of a complex process that requires integration and synthesis of many factors, including the results from numerous assessments. The assessments synthesised into needs include: (1) the pre-event levels of function; (2) the amount and types of damage sustained initially and existing at the current time; current (3) levels of function and the levels of function detected by the last assessment; (4) the presence of a surge; (5) the demands of the population affected; (6) the culture in which the event occurred; (7) the climate in the affected area; (8) the geography and access to the affected area; and (9) politics. The process consumes resources (costs). The transformation process (synthesis) of these many factors requires that those charged with synthesis have knowledge, field experience, insight, and experience using the process.
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Hardie K, Kitchen T. Operation crash and surge: lessons learned from a region-wide exercise. J Bus Contin Emer Plan 2014; 7:302-311. [PMID: 24854731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) provides base guidance for planning all levels of public safety exercises, from simple seminars to complex full-scale exercises. However, the recent emphasis placed on the Federal Emergency Response Agency Whole Community approach to emergency management involves broadening the spectrum of participants to include multiple community partners. The magnitude and complexity of these exercises necessitates the incorporation of additional planning strategies beyond HSEEP guidance. The objective of this paper is to offer insight on effectively planning, running and learning from a region-wide multi-agency, multi-discipline, full-scale exercise. This will be achieved by utilising a case study to outline the planning process and lessons learned from managing the interaction of components, with an emphasis on achieving common goals without compromising individual needs. Additionally, this article complements 'Plane down in the city: Operation Crash and Surge', written by Duane F. Kann and Thomas W. Draper, and published in Volume 7 Number 3 of this journal.
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Charney RL, Rebmann T, Esguerra CR, Lai CW, Dalawari P. Public perceptions of hospital responsibilities to those presenting without medical injury or illness during a disaster. J Emerg Med 2013; 45:578-84. [PMID: 23845529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background During natural and manmade disasters, the hospital is perceived as a central rallying and care site for the public, for both those with and without emergency medical needs. The expectations of the public may outstrip hospital plans and abilities to provide nonmedical assistance. Objective Our objective was to determine the public expectations of the hospital during disasters regarding resource provision. Methods A survey was distributed to adult patients or family members at three emergency departments (EDs). Respondents were asked to evaluate hospital responsibility to provide nine resources to those without emergency medical needs, including vaccination, medication refill or replacement, food and water, grief/stress counseling, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) access assistance, short/long-term shelter, family reunification, and hospital. Additionally, respondents answered questions regarding prior disaster experience and demographics. Results There were 961 respondents (66.9% were female, 47.5% were white, and 44.6% were black). Respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the hospital should provide the following services: event-specific vaccination (84%), medication refill/replacement (76.5%), food and water (61%), grief or stress counseling (53%), FEMA access assistance (52%), short-term shelter (51%), family reunification (50%), long-term shelter (38%), and hospital transportation (29%). Those 36–45 years of age were less likely to expect services (p < 0.05) and non-whites and those with a family member with a medical condition requiring electricity were more likely to expect services (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). There were no differences based on frequency of ED use, sex, income, or prior disaster experience. Conclusion There is a high public expectation that hospitals will provide significant nonmedical disaster relief. Understanding these expectations is essential to appropriate community disaster planning.
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