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Harris A, Butterworth JB, Boshier PR, Mavroveli S, Vadhwana B, Peters CJ, Eom BW, Yeh CC, Mikhail S, Sasako M, Kim YW, Hanna GB. Development of a reliable surgical quality assurance tool for gastrectomy in oncological trials. Gastric Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10120-024-01503-8. [PMID: 38761290 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-024-01503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its recognized importance, there is currently no reliable tool for surgical quality assurance (SQA) of gastrectomy in surgical oncology. The aim of this study was to develop an SQA tool for gastrectomy and to apply this tool within the ADDICT Trial in order to assess the extent and completeness of lymphadenectomy. METHODS The operative steps for D1+ and D2 gastrectomy have been previously described in the literature and ADDICT trial manual. Two researchers also performed fieldwork in the UK and Japan to document key operative steps through photographs and semi-structured interviews with expert surgeons. This provided the steps that were used as the framework for the SQA tool. Sixty-two photographic cases from the ADDICT Trial were rated by three independent surgeons. Generalizability (G) theory determined inter-rater reliability. D-studies examined the effect of varying the number of assessors and photographic series they rated. Chi-square assessed intra-rater reliability, comparing how the individual assessor's responses corresponded to their global rating for extent of lymphadenectomy. RESULTS The tool comprised 20 items, including 19 anatomical landmarks and a global rating score. Overall reliability had G-coefficient of 0.557. Internal consistency was measured with a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.869 and Chi-square confirmed intra-rater reliability for each assessor as < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS A photographic surgical quality assurance tool is presented for gastrectomy. Using this tool, the assessor can reliably determine not only the quality but also the extent of the lymphadenectomy performed based on remaining anatomy rather than the excised specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harris
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J B Butterworth
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - P R Boshier
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - S Mavroveli
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - B Vadhwana
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - C J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - B W Eom
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-C Yeh
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - S Mikhail
- Department of General Surgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Sasako
- Department of Surgery, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y-W Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, 7th Floor Commonwealth Building, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK.
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Peters CJ, Ang Y, Ciccarelli FD, Coles H, Coleman HG, Contino G, Crosby T, Devonshire G, Eldridge M, Freeman A, Grehan N, McCord M, Nutzinger B, Zamani S, Parsons SL, Petty R, Sharrocks AD, Skipworth RJE, Smyth EC, Soomro I, Underwood TJ, Fitzgerald RC. A decade of the Oesophageal Cancer Clinical and Molecular Stratification Consortium. Nat Med 2024; 30:14-16. [PMID: 38114667 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Y Ang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - F D Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - H Coles
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H G Coleman
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - G Contino
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - T Crosby
- Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - G Devonshire
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Freeman
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N Grehan
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M McCord
- Heartburn Cancer UK, Basingstoke, UK
| | - B Nutzinger
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Zamani
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S L Parsons
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Petty
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A D Sharrocks
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - E C Smyth
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - I Soomro
- Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - T J Underwood
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R C Fitzgerald
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Booth ME, Jones CM, Helbrow J, Mansoor W, Peters CJ, Petty RD, Underwood TJ, Smyth EC, Crosby T. The UK National Oesophagogastric Multidisciplinary Team Meeting: An Initiative From the UK & Ireland Oesophagogastric Group. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2023; 35:417-420. [PMID: 37069000 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Booth
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C M Jones
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Helbrow
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - W Mansoor
- The Christie Hospital, The Christie Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C J Peters
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R D Petty
- The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - T J Underwood
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E C Smyth
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Crosby
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiff, UK.
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Case A, Prosser S, Peters CJ, Adams R, Gwynne S. Pressurised intraperitoneal aerosolised chemotherapy (PIPAC) for gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases: A systematic review by the PIPAC UK collaborative. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103846. [PMID: 36257535 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases (GCPM) carries a poor prognosis. Pressurised Intraperitoneal Aerosolised Chemotherapy (PIPAC) offers pharmacokinetic advantages over intravenous therapy, resulting in higher chemotherapy concentrations in peritoneal deposits, and potentially reduced systemic absorption/toxicity. This review evaluates efficacy, tolerability and impact on quality of life (QOL) of PIPAC for GCPM. METHODS Following registration with PROSPERO (CRD42021281500), MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched for PIPAC in patients with peritoneal metastases, in accordance with PRISMA standards RESULTS: Across 18 included reports representing 751 patients with GCPM (4 prospective, 11 retrospective, 3 abstracts, no phase III studies), median overall survival (mOS) was 8 - 19.1 months, 1-year OS 49.8-77.9%, complete response (PRGS1) 0-35% and partial response (PRGS2/3) 0-83.3%. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity was 0.7-25% and 0-4.1% respectively. Three studies assessing QOL reported no significant difference. CONCLUSION PIPAC may offer promising survival benefits, toxicity, and QOL for GCPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Case
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Grove Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - S Prosser
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - C J Peters
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Marys Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - R Adams
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University and Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre Road, Whitchurch CF14 2TL, UK
| | - S Gwynne
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Sketty Lane, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK; Swansea University Medical School, Grove Building, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, UK
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Morrill JC, Peters CJ, Bettinger GE, Palermo PM, Smith DR, Watts DM. Rift Valley fever MP-12 vaccine elicits an early protective immune response in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:7255-7261. [PMID: 36333222 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne pathogen that causes outbreaks of severe disease in people and livestock throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The development of an effective veterinary and human vaccine to protect against Rift Valley fever (RVF) disease remains a high priority. The live attenuated RVFV MP-12 is a promising vaccine candidate for the prevention of RVF in both human and domestic ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the onset of protective immunity elicted in mice by a single dose of this vaccine. Groups of CD-1 mice were vaccinated intraperitoneally with RVFV MP-12 vaccine and challenged on days 2, 5, 6 and 7 post-vaccination (PV) with a lethal dose of virulent RVFV. The mice were observed once daily for terminal morbidity and blood samples were obtained from the retro-orbital sinus complex on days 23 and 28 PV of surviving mice to determine RVFV neutralizing antibody titers. In one test, 2 of 3 mice challenged on day 2 PV survived and all 3 mice challenged at days 5 and 7 PV also survived. A second test of 10 mice per group was performed, and half (5) of those challenged at day 2 PV survived while all (10) survived challenge at day 4 and 6 PV. All surviving animals develop antibody that ranged from 1:80 to 1:1,280 PV. In a separate experiment, RVFV MP-12 vaccinated CD-1 mice, but not challenged developed a low viremia for the first 3 days PV and neutralzing antibody was detected on days 5 through day 28 PV. These findings demonstrated that the RVFV MP-12 vaccine elicited a rapid protective immune response in mice as early as 2 days PV, thus further supporting the effectiveness of this vaccine candidate for preventing RVF among humans and domestic ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Morrill
- Departmentof Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - C J Peters
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - G E Bettinger
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - P M Palermo
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - D R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, United States.
| | - D M Watts
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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Watts DM, Westover JLB, Palermo PM, Bailey KW, Morrill JC, Bettinger GE, Monath TP, Smith DR, Peters CJ, Pittman PR, Orbegozo J, Gowen BB. Estimation of the Minimal Rift Valley Fever Virus Protective Neutralizing Antibody Titer in Human Volunteers Immunized with MP-12 Vaccine Based on Protection in a Mouse Model of Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:1091-1098. [PMID: 36122681 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) MP-12 vaccine is a promising human and veterinary vaccine. Although the vaccine elicited neutralizing antibody (nAb) in human volunteers, the minimal antibody titer that is needed to afford protection is unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the minimal nAb titer elicited by the RVFV MP-12 vaccine in human volunteers that protected mice against lethal RVFV challenge as a surrogate assessment of the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Among volunteers who were vaccinated with the MP-12 vaccine during a phase II trial, sera with antibody titers of 1:20 collected 5 years post-vaccination (PV), 1:40 titer collected 2 years PV, and 1:80 titer collected 1 year PV was passively transferred to groups of BALB/c mice. Blood samples were obtained 1 day after passive transfer to determine the RVFV neutralizing nAb titer before challenge with pathogenic RVFV (strain ZH501). Our results indicated that 1 day after passive transfer of the immune sera, an approximate 4-fold reduction in circulating nAb titers was detected in the mice. The presence of RVFV nAb titers in the range of 1:5 to 1:20 were generally protective (75-100% survival). These results suggested that circulating titers of 1:5 or higher offer a high degree of protection by MP-12-elicited antibody in human volunteers. Also, the findings highlighted the value of using the BALB/c mouse RVFV challenge model as a surrogate for evaluating the protective nAb responses elicited by MP-12 and possible use for evaluating the efficacy of other RVFV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Watts
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Jonna L B Westover
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Pedro M Palermo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Kevin W Bailey
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - John C Morrill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
| | - George E Bettinger
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | | | - Darci R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Texas
| | - Phillip R Pittman
- Department of Clinical Research 2 U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jeanette Orbegozo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas
| | - Brian B Gowen
- Institute for Antiviral Research and Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary 12 Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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7
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Shieh WJ, Demby A, Jones T, Goldsmith CS, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Peters CJ, Zaki SR. Pathology and Pathogenesis of Lassa Fever: Novel Immunohistochemical Findings in Fatal Cases and Clinico-pathologic Correlation. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 74:1821-1830. [PMID: 34463715 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lassa fever is a zoonotic, acute viral illness first identified in Nigeria in 1969. An estimate shows that the "at risk" seronegative population (in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Nigeria) may be as high as 59 million, with an annual incidence of all illnesses of three million, and fatalities up to 67,000, demonstrating the serious impact of the disease on the region and global health. METHODS Histopathologic evaluation, immunohistochemical assay, and electron microscopic examination were performed on postmortem tissue samples from 12 confirmed Lassa fever cases. RESULTS Lassa fever virus antigens and viral particles were observed in multiple organ systems and cells, including cells in the mononuclear phagocytic system and other specialized cells where it had not been described previously. CONCLUSIONS The immunolocalization of Lassa fever virus antigens in fatal cases provides novel insightful information with clinical and pathogenetic implications. The extensive involvement of the mononuclear phagocytic system, including tissue macrophages and endothelial cells suggests participation of inflammatory mediators from this lineage with the resulting vascular dilatation and increasing permeability. Other findings indicate the pathogenesis of LF is multifactorial and additional studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Ju Shieh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Austin Demby
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tara Jones
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Pierre E Rollin
- All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Galveston National Laboratory University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.,All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Clarence J Peters
- All the work described in this manuscript was done at CDC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherif R Zaki
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogen and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Monath TP, Kortekaas J, Watts DM, Christofferson RC, Desiree LaBeaud A, Gowen B, Peters CJ, Smith DR, Swanepoel R, Morrill JC, Ksiazek TG, Pittman PR, Bird BH, Bettinger G. Theoretical risk of genetic reassortment should not impede development of live, attenuated Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccines commentary on the draft WHO RVF Target Product Profile. Vaccine X 2020; 5:100060. [PMID: 32337506 PMCID: PMC7176985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2020.100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO published draft Target Product Profiles (TPPs) for Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) vaccines. The TPPs contain restrictive requirements aimed at reducing the risk of genetic reassortment. We find no evidence for reassortment despite use of live RVFV vaccines. If genetic reassortment occurred with wild-type RVFV it would be of no consequence. The hypothetical risks of reassortment do not outweigh the benefits of vaccination
In November 2019, The World Health Organization (WHO) issued a draft set of Target Product Profiles (TPPs) describing optimal and minimally acceptable targets for vaccines against Rift Valley fever (RVF), a Phlebovirus with a three segmented genome, in both humans and ruminants. The TPPs contained rigid requirements to protect against genomic reassortment of live, attenuated vaccines (LAVs) with wild-type RVF virus (RVFV), which place undue constraints on development and regulatory approval of LAVs. We review the current LAVs in use and in development, and conclude that there is no evidence that reassortment between LAVs and wild-type RVFV has occurred during field use, that such a reassortment event if it occurred would have no untoward consequence, and that the TPPs should be revised to provide a more balanced assessment of the benefits versus the theoretical risks of reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Monath
- Managing Partner and Chief Scientific Officer, Crozet BioPharma LLC, Devens, MA, USA
| | - Jeroen Kortekaas
- Professor of Veterinary Arbovirology, Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas M Watts
- Executive Director of Vet Services, and Director of Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory and Co-Director of BBRC Infectious Disease and Immunology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca C Christofferson
- Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Angelle Desiree LaBeaud
- Professor of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Stanford University School of Medicine, Senior Fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment and Professor of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology) at the Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Clarence J Peters
- Professor (Emeritus) Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Pathology Director (Emeritus) for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Darci R Smith
- Immunodiagnostics Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - John C Morrill
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas G Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Phillip R Pittman
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brian H Bird
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,University of California, Davis, One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis 956164, CA, USA
| | - George Bettinger
- USAID Rift Valley Fever Vaccine Project at The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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9
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Kuhn JH, Adachi T, Adhikari NKJ, Arribas JR, Bah IE, Bausch DG, Bhadelia N, Borchert M, Brantsæter AB, Brett-Major DM, Burgess TH, Chertow DS, Chute CG, Cieslak TJ, Colebunders R, Crozier I, Davey RT, de Clerck H, Delgado R, Evans L, Fallah M, Fischer WA, Fletcher TE, Fowler RA, Grünewald T, Hall A, Hewlett A, Hoepelman AIM, Houlihan CF, Ippolito G, Jacob ST, Jacobs M, Jakob R, Jacquerioz FA, Kaiser L, Kalil AC, Kamara RF, Kapetshi J, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Kortepeter MG, Kraft CS, Kratz T, Bosa HSK, Lado M, Lamontagne F, Lane HC, Lobel L, Lutwama J, Lyon GM, Massaquoi MBF, Massaquoi TA, Mehta AK, Makuma VM, Murthy S, Musoke TS, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Nakyeyune P, Nanclares C, Nanyunja M, Nsio-Mbeta J, O'Dempsey T, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Piot P, Rapp C, Renaud B, Ribner B, Sabeti PC, Schieffelin JS, Slenczka W, Soka MJ, Sprecher A, Strong J, Swanepoel R, Uyeki TM, van Herp M, Vetter P, Wohl DA, Wolf T, Wolz A, Wurie AH, Yoti Z. New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:261-263. [PMID: 30926957 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Takuya Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toshima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jose R Arribas
- Internal Medicine Department, Infectious Diseases Unit Madrid, Hospital La Paz-Carlos III IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Borchert
- Centre for International Health Protection, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Broch Brantsæter
- Division of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Norwegian National Unit for CBRNE Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M Brett-Major
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Emerging Pathogens Section, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher G Chute
- Schools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodore J Cieslak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Ian Crozier
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research supported by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Richard T Davey
- Clinical Research Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rafael Delgado
- Molecular Microbiology, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Evans
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - William A Fischer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tom E Fletcher
- Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool Institute of Translational Medicine and National Institute for Health Research, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Fowler
- Departments of Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andy Hall
- King's Sierra Leone Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health, King's College London & King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | | | - Andy I M Hoepelman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive "Lazzaro Spallanzani" (National Institute for Infectious diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" - IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Shevin T Jacob
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Jacobs
- Department of Infection, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Frederique A Jacquerioz
- Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Kaiser
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andre C Kalil
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Jimmy Kapetshi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark G Kortepeter
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kratz
- Federal Information Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry S Kyobe Bosa
- College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Marta Lado
- Partners in Health (PIH), Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | | | - H Cliff Lane
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Lobel
- Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Emerging Diseases, Tropical Diseases and AIDS, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Julius Lutwama
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, Arbovirology Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Moses B F Massaquoi
- Sub-Regional Consortium on Ebola Vaccine and Therapeutic Trials, Clinton Health Access Initiative - Liberia, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Murthy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kinshasa Medical School, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Phiona Nakyeyune
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Miriam Nanyunja
- Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Kampala, Kampala District, Uganda
| | - Justus Nsio-Mbeta
- Direction Générale de Lutte contre la Maladie, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Tim O'Dempsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131, Sandringham-Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Rapp
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, Saint-Mande, France
| | - Bertrand Renaud
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Bruce Ribner
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Werner Slenczka
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg an der Lahn, Hesse, Germany
| | - Moses J Soka
- Partnership for Ebola Virus Disease Research in Liberia, Monrovia Medical Units ELWA-2 Hospital, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | - James Strong
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pauline Vetter
- Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timo Wolf
- University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Wolz
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alie H Wurie
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Zabulon Yoti
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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10
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Whitacre DC, Peters CJ, Sureau C, Nio K, Li F, Su L, Jones JE, Isogawa M, Sallberg M, Frelin L, Peterson DL, Milich DR. Designing a therapeutic hepatitis B vaccine to circumvent immune tolerance. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 16:251-268. [PMID: 31809638 PMCID: PMC7062423 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1689745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective prophylactic hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine has long been available but is ineffective for chronic infection. The primary cause of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and greatest impediment for a therapeutic vaccine is the direct and indirect effects of immune tolerance to HBV antigens. The resulting defective CD4+/CD8+ T cell response, poor cytokine production, insufficient neutralizing antibody (nAb) and poor response to HBsAg vaccination characterize CHB infection. The objective of this study was to develop virus-like-particles (VLPs) that elicit nAb to prevent viral spread and prime CD4+/CD8+ T cells to eradicate intracellular HBV. Eight neutralizing B cell epitopes from the envelope PreS1 region were consolidated onto a species-variant of the HBV core protein, the woodchuck hepatitis core antigen (WHcAg). PreS1-specific B cell epitopes were chosen because of preferential expression on HBV virions. Because WHcAg and HBcAg are not crossreactive at the B cell level and only partially cross-reactive at the CD4+/CD8+ T cell level, CD4+ T cells specific for WHcAg-unique T cell sites can provide cognate T-B cell help for anti-PreS1 Ab production that is not curtailed by immune tolerance. Immunization of immune tolerant HBV transgenic (Tg) mice with PreS1-WHc VLPs elicited levels of high titer anti-PreS1 nAbs equivalent to wildtype mice. Passive transfer of PreS1 nAbs into human-liver chimeric mice prevented acute infection and cleared serum HBV from mice previously infected with HBV in a model of CHB. At the T cell level, PreS1-WHc VLPs and hybrid WHcAg/HBcAg DNA immunogens elicited HBcAg-specific CD4+ Th and CD8+ CTL responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Whitacre
- Department of Immunology, VLP Biotech, Inc., JLABS San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C J Peters
- Department of Immunology, VLP Biotech, Inc., JLABS San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - C Sureau
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine (INTS), Paris, France
| | - K Nio
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - F Li
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Su
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E Jones
- Department of Immunology, VLP Biotech, Inc., JLABS San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Sallberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockhold, Sweden
| | - L Frelin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, F68, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockhold, Sweden
| | - D L Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D R Milich
- Department of Immunology, VLP Biotech, Inc., JLABS San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Vaccine Research Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Maes P, Adkins S, Alkhovsky SV, Avšič-Županc T, Ballinger MJ, Bente DA, Beer M, Bergeron É, Blair CD, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Burt FJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg JCS, de la Torre JC, de Lamballerie X, DeRisi JL, Digiaro M, Drebot M, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Ergünay K, Fulhorst CF, Garrison AR, Gāo GF, Gonzalez JPJ, Groschup MH, Günther S, Haenni AL, Hall RA, Hewson R, Hughes HR, Jain RK, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kormelink R, Lambert AJ, Langevin SA, Lukashevich IS, Marklewitz M, Martelli GP, Mielke-Ehret N, Mirazimi A, Mühlbach HP, Naidu R, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Papa A, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Resende RO, Romanowski V, Sall AA, Salvato MS, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Shí X, Shirako Y, Simmonds P, Sironi M, Song JW, Spengler JR, Stenglein MD, Tesh RB, Turina M, Wèi T, Whitfield AE, Yeh SD, Zerbini FM, Zhang YZ, Zhou X, Kuhn JH. Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: second update 2018. Arch Virol 2019; 164:927-941. [PMID: 30663021 PMCID: PMC6581445 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-04127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases unit, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Scott Adkins
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carol D Blair
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Briese
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Felicity J Burt
- Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
- Division of Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Charles H Calisher
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Il Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Mike Drebot
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koray Ergünay
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aura R Garrison
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - George Fú Gāo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Martin H Groschup
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Lise Haenni
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS-Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Roy A Hall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, Salisbury, UK
| | - Holly R Hughes
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Miranda Gilda Jonson
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Boris Klempa
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni P Martelli
- Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rayapati Naidu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
| | | | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National Reference Centre for Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
- Department of Medical Virology, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Alexander Plyusnin
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Renato O Resende
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Barsília, DF, Brazil
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Department of Planning and Coordination, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Xiǎohóng Shí
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessica R Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert B Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Torino, Italy
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Anna E Whitfield
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - F Murilo Zerbini
- Departamento de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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12
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Maes P, Alkhovsky SV, Bào Y, Beer M, Birkhead M, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Calisher CH, Charrel RN, Choi IR, Clegg CS, de la Torre JC, Delwart E, DeRisi JL, Di Bello PL, Di Serio F, Digiaro M, Dolja VV, Drosten C, Druciarek TZ, Du J, Ebihara H, Elbeaino T, Gergerich RC, Gillis AN, Gonzalez JPJ, Haenni AL, Hepojoki J, Hetzel U, Hồ T, Hóng N, Jain RK, Jansen van Vuren P, Jin Q, Jonson MG, Junglen S, Keller KE, Kemp A, Kipar A, Kondov NO, Koonin EV, Kormelink R, Korzyukov Y, Krupovic M, Lambert AJ, Laney AG, LeBreton M, Lukashevich IS, Marklewitz M, Markotter W, Martelli GP, Martin RR, Mielke-Ehret N, Mühlbach HP, Navarro B, Ng TFF, Nunes MRT, Palacios G, Pawęska JT, Peters CJ, Plyusnin A, Radoshitzky SR, Romanowski V, Salmenperä P, Salvato MS, Sanfaçon H, Sasaya T, Schmaljohn C, Schneider BS, Shirako Y, Siddell S, Sironen TA, Stenglein MD, Storm N, Sudini H, Tesh RB, Tzanetakis IE, Uppala M, Vapalahti O, Vasilakis N, Walker PJ, Wáng G, Wáng L, Wáng Y, Wèi T, Wiley MR, Wolf YI, Wolfe ND, Wú Z, Xú W, Yang L, Yāng Z, Yeh SD, Zhāng YZ, Zhèng Y, Zhou X, Zhū C, Zirkel F, Kuhn JH. Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: update 2018. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2295-2310. [PMID: 29680923 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, the family Arenaviridae was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 5 novel species. At the same time, the recently established order Bunyavirales was expanded by 3 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piet Maes
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergey V Alkhovsky
- D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, N. F. Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Monica Birkhead
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Thomas Briese
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles H Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Rémi N Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents, Aix-Marseille University, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Il Ryong Choi
- Plant Breeding Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | | | - Juan Carlos de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Delwart
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L DeRisi
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick L Di Bello
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Francesco Di Serio
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Valerian V Dolja
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tobiasz Z Druciarek
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Rose C Gergerich
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Jean-Paul J Gonzalez
- Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Disease, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Anne-Lise Haenni
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland.,Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thiện Hồ
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Ní Hóng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Petrus Jansen van Vuren
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Miranda Gilda Jonson
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Karen E Keller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Alan Kemp
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Anja Kipar
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yegor Korzyukov
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amy J Lambert
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alma G Laney
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marco Marklewitz
- Institute of Virology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wanda Markotter
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Giovanni P Martelli
- Department of Plant, Soil and Food Sciences, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Robert R Martin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | | | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy
| | - Terry Fei Fan Ng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Márcio Roberto Teixeira Nunes
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Pará, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Janusz T Pawęska
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa.,Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Plyusnin
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Víctor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Cientifico Technológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pertteli Salmenperä
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland.,Blueprint Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria S Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC, Canada
| | - Takahide Sasaya
- Department of Planning and Coordination, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Yukio Shirako
- Asian Center for Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stuart Siddell
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tarja A Sironen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Nadia Storm
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Harikishan Sudini
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Mangala Uppala
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Medicum, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Guópíng Wáng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lìpíng Wáng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yànxiăng Wáng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tàiyún Wèi
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Michael R Wiley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA.,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan D Wolfe
- Metabiota, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Global Viral, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhìqiáng Wú
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wénxìng Xú
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Zuòkūn Yāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yǒng-Zhèn Zhāng
- Department of Zoonoses, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Yàzhōu Zhèng
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chénxī Zhū
- State Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Florian Zirkel
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Division of Clinical Research (DCR), Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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13
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Postler TS, Clawson AN, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF, Bavari S, Benkő M, Blasdell KR, Briese T, Buchmeier MJ, Bukreyev A, Calisher CH, Chandran K, Charrel R, Clegg CS, Collins PL, Juan Carlos DLT, Derisi JL, Dietzgen RG, Dolnik O, Dürrwald R, Dye JM, Easton AJ, Emonet S, Formenty P, Fouchier RAM, Ghedin E, Gonzalez JP, Harrach B, Hewson R, Horie M, Jiāng D, Kobinger G, Kondo H, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kurath G, Lamb RA, Leroy EM, Lukashevich IS, Maisner A, Mushegian AR, Netesov SV, Nowotny N, Patterson JL, Payne SL, PaWeska JT, Peters CJ, Radoshitzky SR, Rima BK, Romanowski V, Rubbenstroth D, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Salvato MS, Schwemmle M, Smither SJ, Stenglein MD, Stone DM, Takada A, Tesh RB, Tomonaga K, Tordo N, Towner JS, Vasilakis N, Volchkov VE, Wahl-Jensen V, Walker PJ, Wang LF, Varsani A, Whitfield AE, Zerbini FM, Kuhn JH. Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials. Syst Biol 2017; 66:463-473. [PMID: 27798405 PMCID: PMC5837305 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment. [Arenaviridae; binomials; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Mononegavirales; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. Postler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Anna N. Clawson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Gaya K. Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110 MO, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30303 GA, USA
| | - Sbina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kim R. Blasdell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Briese
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, 10032 NY, USA
| | - Michael J. Buchmeier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA
| | | | - Charles H. Calisher
- Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461 NY, USA
| | - Rémi Charrel
- MR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales” (EPV: Aix-Marseille Université – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 – EHESP), 13284 Marseille, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, APHM Public Hospitals of Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France
| | | | - Peter L. Collins
- Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - De La Torre Juan Carlos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science IMM-6, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, 92037 CA, USA
| | - Joseph L. Derisi
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94158 CA, USA
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - John M. Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Easton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
| | - Sébastian Emonet
- Unité de Virologie, IRBA – Echelon Recherche de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | | | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, 10003 NY, USA
| | | | - Balázs Harrach
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, SP4 0JG Salisbury, UK
| | - Masayuki Horie
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 890-0065 Japan Korimoto Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Dàohóng Jiāng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Húbōi Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huázhōng Agricultural University, Wŭhàn, 430070 China, China
| | - Gary Kobinger
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada, Canada
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046 Japan, Japan
| | - Andrew M. Kropinski
- Departments of Food Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gael Kurath
- US Geological Survey Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, 98115 WA, USA
| | - Robert A. Lamb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208 IL, USA
| | - Eric M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Igor S. Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, 40202 KY, USA
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arcady R. Mushegian
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, National Science Foundation, Arlington, 22230, USA
| | - Sergey V. Netesov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk Oblast, 630090 Russia, Russia
| | - Norbert Nowotny
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jean L. Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, 78230 TX, USA
| | - Susan L. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77845 TX, USA
| | - Janusz T. PaWeska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 2131 Sandringham, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | | | - Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Bertus K. Rima
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victor Romanowski
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Dennis Rubbenstroth
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sead Sabanadzovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, 39762 MS, USA
| | - Hélène Sanfaçon
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, V0H 1Z0 British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maria S. Salvato
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201 MD, USA
| | - Martin Schwemmle
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophie J. Smither
- Chemical, Biological, and Radiological Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JQ Wiltshire, UK
| | - Mark D. Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523 CO, USA
| | - David M. Stone
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Weymouth, DT4 8UB Dorset, UK
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, 001-0020 Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robert B. Tesh
- University of Texas Medical Branch, TX 77555 Galveston, USA
| | - Keizo Tomonaga
- Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 6068507 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noël Tordo
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Stratégies Antivirales, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur de Guinée, Conakry, Guinea
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333 GA, USA
| | | | - Viktor E. Volchkov
- Molecular Basis of Viral Pathogenicity, CIRI, INSERM U1111 – CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69365 Lyon, France
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
| | - Peter J. Walker
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, 3220 Victoria, Australia
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Brisbane, 4000 Queensland, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 1659857 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, The Biodesign Institute and School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287 AZ, USA
| | | | - F. Murilo Zerbini
- Department de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa - MG, 36570-900, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, 21702 MD, USA
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14
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Pittman PR, McClain D, Quinn X, Coonan KM, Mangiafico J, Makuch RS, Morrill J, Peters CJ. Safety and immunogenicity of a mutagenized, live attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccine, MP-12, in a Phase 1 dose escalation and route comparison study in humans. Vaccine 2015; 34:424-429. [PMID: 26718688 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) poses a risk as a potential agent in bioterrorism or agroterrorism. A live attenuated RVF vaccine (RVF MP-12) has been shown to be safe and protective in animals and showed promise in two initial clinical trials. In the present study, healthy adult human volunteers (N=56) received a single injection of (a) RVF MP-12, administered subcutaneously (SQ) at a concentration of 10(4.7) plaque-forming units (pfu) (SQ Group); (b) RVF MP-12, administered intramuscularly (IM) at 10(3.4)pfu (IM Group 1); (c) RVF MP-12, administered IM at 10(4.4)pfu (IM Group 2); or (d) saline (Placebo Group). The vaccine was well tolerated by volunteers in all dose and route groups. Infrequent and minor adverse events were seen among recipients of both placebo and RVF MP-12. One subject had viremia detectable by direct plaque assay, and six subjects from IM Group 2 had transient low-titer viremia detectable only by nucleic acid amplification. Of the 43 vaccine recipients, 40 (93%) achieved neutralizing antibodies (measured as an 80% plaque reduction neutralization titer [PRNT80]) as well as RVF-specific IgM and IgG. The highest peak geometric mean PRNT80 titers were observed in IM Group 2. Of 34 RVF MP-12 recipients available for testing 1 year following inoculation, 28 (82%) remained seropositive (PRNT80≥1:20); this included 20 of 23 vaccinees (87%) from IM Group 2. The live attenuated RVF MP-12 vaccine was safe and immunogenic at the doses and routes studied. Given the need for an effective vaccine against RVF virus, further evaluation in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Pittman
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States.
| | - David McClain
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - Xiaofei Quinn
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - Kevin M Coonan
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - Joseph Mangiafico
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - Richard S Makuch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - John Morrill
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
| | - Clarence J Peters
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, United States
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15
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Busch CM, Callicott RJ, Peters CJ, Morrill JC, Womack JE. Mapping a Major Gene for Resistance to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Laboratory Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 106:728-33. [PMID: 26546799 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) presents an epidemic and epizootic threat in sub-Saharan Africa, Egypt, and the Arabian Peninsula, and has furthermore recently gained attention as a potential weapon of bioterrorism due to its ability to infect both livestock and humans. Inbred rat strains show similar characteristic responses to the disease as humans and livestock, making them a suitable model species. Previous studies had indicated differences in susceptibility to RVFV hepatic disease among various rat strains, including a higher susceptibility of Wistar-Furth (WF) compared to a more resistant Lewis (LEW) strain. Further study revealed that this resistance trait exhibits the pattern of a major dominant gene inherited in Mendelian fashion. A genome scan of a congenic WF.LEW strain, created from the susceptible WF and resistant LEW strains and itself resistant to infection with RVFV, revealed 2 potential regions for the location of the gene, 1 on chromosome 3 and the other on chromosome 9. Through backcrossing of WF.LEW rats to WF rats, genotyping offspring using SNPs and microsatellites, and viral challenges of 3 N1 litters, we have mapped the gene to the distal end of chromosome 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Busch
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4467 (Busch and Womack); the Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9037 (Callicott); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Peters); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Morrill)
| | - Ralph J Callicott
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4467 (Busch and Womack); the Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9037 (Callicott); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Peters); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Morrill)
| | - Clarence J Peters
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4467 (Busch and Womack); the Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9037 (Callicott); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Peters); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Morrill)
| | - John C Morrill
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4467 (Busch and Womack); the Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9037 (Callicott); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Peters); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Morrill)
| | - James E Womack
- From the Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4467 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4467 (Busch and Womack); the Animal Resource Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9037 (Callicott); the Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Peters); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0609 (Morrill).
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16
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Osterholm MT, Moore KA, Kelley NS, Brosseau LM, Wong G, Murphy FA, Peters CJ, LeDuc JW, Russell PK, Van Herp M, Kapetshi J, Muyembe JJT, Ilunga BK, Strong JE, Grolla A, Wolz A, Kargbo B, Kargbo DK, Sanders DA, Kobinger GP. Transmission of Ebola viruses: what we know and what we do not know. mBio 2015; 6:e00137. [PMID: 25698835 PMCID: PMC4358015 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00137-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Available evidence demonstrates that direct patient contact and contact with infectious body fluids are the primary modes for Ebola virus transmission, but this is based on a limited number of studies. Key areas requiring further study include (i) the role of aerosol transmission (either via large droplets or small particles in the vicinity of source patients), (ii) the role of environmental contamination and fomite transmission, (iii) the degree to which minimally or mildly ill persons transmit infection, (iv) how long clinically relevant infectiousness persists, (v) the role that "superspreading events" may play in driving transmission dynamics, (vi) whether strain differences or repeated serial passage in outbreak settings can impact virus transmission, and (vii) what role sylvatic or domestic animals could play in outbreak propagation, particularly during major epidemics such as the 2013-2015 West Africa situation. In this review, we address what we know and what we do not know about Ebola virus transmission. We also hypothesize that Ebola viruses have the potential to be respiratory pathogens with primary respiratory spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Osterholm
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kristine A Moore
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas S Kelley
- Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa M Brosseau
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gary Wong
- National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Frederick A Murphy
- The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Clarence J Peters
- The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - James W LeDuc
- The Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michel Van Herp
- Medical Department Unit, Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Kapetshi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - James E Strong
- National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Allen Grolla
- National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anja Wolz
- Medical Department Unit, Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brima Kargbo
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - David K Kargbo
- Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - David Avram Sanders
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- National Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
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Abstract
It is well established that the maternal β-cell mass increases during pregnancy in both humans and rodents to compensate insulin resistance and increased metabolic demand, and rapidly returns to normal levels post-partum. However, the mechanisms underlying this adaptation are not well understood. It is established that this process is driven partly by placental signals, but the contribution of non-placental signals is still unclear. This study aimed to differentiate between the role of placental and non-placental signals in regulating the β-cell mass and glucose homeostasis during and after pregnancy. Pseudopregnant, pregnant and lactating mice were used to study the effects of maternal hormones on β-cell function during early pregnancy, mid-to-late pregnancy and post-partum, respectively. Pseudopregnant mice, with circulating hormone levels mirroring those during pregnancy but lacking placental signals, had significantly increased β-cell proliferation compared to non-pregnant controls but no change in glucose homeostasis, suggesting a role for non-placental hormones in increasing β-cell mass. The rate of β-cell proliferation rate dropped immediately after parturition, but lactating mice still had a significantly higher rate of β-cell proliferation compared to non-lactating post-partum mice, suggesting that lactation-related hormones play a role in the controlled involution of β-cell mass post-partum. These results implicate a role for both non-placental and placental signals in regulating β-cell mass during and after pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Drynda
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - C J Peters
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - P M Jones
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - J E Bowe
- Diabetes Research Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College, London, UK
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18
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Kuhn JH, Andersen KG, Bào Y, Bavari S, Becker S, Bennett RS, Bergman NH, Blinkova O, Bradfute S, Brister JR, Bukreyev A, Chandran K, Chepurnov AA, Davey RA, Dietzgen RG, Doggett NA, Dolnik O, Dye JM, Enterlein S, Fenimore PW, Formenty P, Freiberg AN, Garry RF, Garza NL, Gire SK, Gonzalez JP, Griffiths A, Happi CT, Hensley LE, Herbert AS, Hevey MC, Hoenen T, Honko AN, Ignatyev GM, Jahrling PB, Johnson JC, Johnson KM, Kindrachuk J, Klenk HD, Kobinger G, Kochel TJ, Lackemeyer MG, Lackner DF, Leroy EM, Lever MS, Mühlberger E, Netesov SV, Olinger GG, Omilabu SA, Palacios G, Panchal RG, Park DJ, Patterson JL, Paweska JT, Peters CJ, Pettitt J, Pitt L, Radoshitzky SR, Ryabchikova EI, Saphire EO, Sabeti PC, Sealfon R, Shestopalov AM, Smither SJ, Sullivan NJ, Swanepoel R, Takada A, Towner JS, van der Groen G, Volchkov VE, Volchkova VA, Wahl-Jensen V, Warren TK, Warfield KL, Weidmann M, Nichol ST. Filovirus RefSeq entries: evaluation and selection of filovirus type variants, type sequences, and names. Viruses 2014; 6:3663-82. [PMID: 25256396 PMCID: PMC4189044 DOI: 10.3390/v6093663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence determination of complete or coding-complete genomes of viruses is becoming common practice for supporting the work of epidemiologists, ecologists, virologists, and taxonomists. Sequencing duration and costs are rapidly decreasing, sequencing hardware is under modification for use by non-experts, and software is constantly being improved to simplify sequence data management and analysis. Thus, analysis of virus disease outbreaks on the molecular level is now feasible, including characterization of the evolution of individual virus populations in single patients over time. The increasing accumulation of sequencing data creates a management problem for the curators of commonly used sequence databases and an entry retrieval problem for end users. Therefore, utilizing the data to their fullest potential will require setting nomenclature and annotation standards for virus isolates and associated genomic sequences. The National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI’s) RefSeq is a non-redundant, curated database for reference (or type) nucleotide sequence records that supplies source data to numerous other databases. Building on recently proposed templates for filovirus variant naming [<virus name> (<strain>)/<isolation host-suffix>/<country of sampling>/<year of sampling>/<genetic variant designation>-<isolate designation>], we report consensus decisions from a majority of past and currently active filovirus experts on the eight filovirus type variants and isolates to be represented in RefSeq, their final designations, and their associated sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Richard S Bennett
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nicholas H Bergman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Olga Blinkova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | | | - J Rodney Brister
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Alexander A Chepurnov
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Robert A Davey
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Ralf G Dietzgen
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Norman A Doggett
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Olga Dolnik
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sven Enterlein
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Paul W Fenimore
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Pierre Formenty
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Robert F Garry
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Nicole L Garza
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stephen K Gire
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. :
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Christian T Happi
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Michael C Hevey
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Anna N Honko
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Georgy M Ignatyev
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Peter B Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Joshua C Johnson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Karl M Johnson
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Gary Kobinger
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Tadeusz J Kochel
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Matthew G Lackemeyer
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Daniel F Lackner
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Eric M Leroy
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Mark S Lever
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Elke Mühlberger
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Sergey V Netesov
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Gene G Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sunday A Omilabu
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Rekha G Panchal
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Daniel J Park
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Janusz T Paweska
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Department of Pathology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - James Pettitt
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Louise Pitt
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Sheli R Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Elena I Ryabchikova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Rachel Sealfon
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | | | - Sophie J Smither
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Robert Swanepoel
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Ayato Takada
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Towner
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Guido van der Groen
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Viktor E Volchkov
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Valentina A Volchkova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Victoria Wahl-Jensen
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Travis K Warren
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kelly L Warfield
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
| | - Manfred Weidmann
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Stuart T Nichol
- IViral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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19
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Kolokoltsova OA, Grant AM, Huang C, Smith JK, Poussard AL, Tian B, Brasier AR, Peters CJ, Tseng CTK, de la Torre JC, Paessler S. RIG-I enhanced interferon independent apoptosis upon Junin virus infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99610. [PMID: 24918927 PMCID: PMC4053358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Junin virus (JUNV) is the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a human disease with a high case-fatality rate. It is widely accepted that arenaviral infections, including JUNV infections, are generally non-cytopathic. In contrast, here we demonstrated apoptosis induction in human lung epithelial carcinoma (A549), human hepatocarcinoma and Vero cells upon infection with the attenuated Candid#1 strain of, JUNV as determined by phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, Caspase 3 (CASP3) activation, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage and/or chromosomal DNA fragmentation. Moreover, as determined by DNA fragmentation, we found that the pathogenic Romero strain of JUNV was less cytopathic than Candid#1 in human hepatocarcinoma and Vero, but more apoptotic in A549 and Vero E6 cells. Additionally, we found that JUNV-induced apoptosis was enhanced by RIG-I signaling. Consistent with the previously reported role of RIG-I like helicase (RLH) signaling in initiating programmed cell death, we showed that cell death or DNA fragmentation of Candid#1-infected A549 cells was decreased upon siRNA or shRNA silencing of components of RIG-I pathway in spite of increased virus production. Similarly, we observed decreased DNA fragmentation in JUNV-infected human hepatocarcinoma cells deficient for RIG-I when compared with that of RIG-I-competent cells. In addition, DNA fragmentation detected upon Candid#1 infection of type I interferon (IFN)-deficient Vero cells suggested a type I IFN-independent mechanism of apoptosis induction in response to JUNV. Our work demonstrated for the first time apoptosis induction in various cells of mammalian origin in response to JUNV infection and partial mechanism of this cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Kolokoltsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashley M. Grant
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer K. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allison L. Poussard
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bing Tian
- Internal Med-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Internal Med-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clarence J. Peters
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chien-Te Kent Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan C. de la Torre
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Slobodan Paessler
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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20
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Lander HM, Grant AM, Albrecht T, Hill T, Peters CJ. Endothelial cell permeability and adherens junction disruption induced by junín virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 90:993-1002. [PMID: 24710609 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.13-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Junín virus (JUNV) is endemic to the fertile Pampas of Argentina, maintained in nature by the rodent host Calomys musculinus, and the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), which is characterized by vascular dysfunction and fluid distribution abnormalities. Clinical as well as experimental studies implicate involvement of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of AHF, although little is known of its role. JUNV has been shown to result in productive infection of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro with no visible cytopathic effects. In this study, we show that direct JUNV infection of primary human ECs results in increased vascular permeability as measured by electric cell substrate impedance sensing and transwell permeability assays. We also show that EC adherens junctions are disrupted during virus infection, which may provide insight into the role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of AHF and possibly, other viral hemorrhagic fevers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Lander
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ashley M Grant
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Terence Hill
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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21
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Weingartl HM, Nfon CK, Zhang S, Marszal P, Wilson WC, Morrill J, Bettinger GE, Peters CJ. Efficacy of a recombinant Rift Valley fever virus MP-12 with NSm deletion as a vaccine candidate in sheep. Vaccine 2014; 32:2345-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Abstract
AIM Estimated average glucose has been used to transform HbA1c into a glucose measure that might better inform patients of their glycaemic control. The data set used to obtain the estimated average glucose equation was derived in adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, along with normal healthy control subjects, and requires testing in children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 234 children and young people (106 male) with Type 1 diabetes aged 4.0-23.5 years who underwent continuous glucose monitoring over a 5-day period along with a measure of HbA1c . Regression analysis was used to determine estimated average glucose and agreement was assessed with the average glucose estimated from the Nathan equation: Nathan average glucose equation = 1.59 (HbA1c% ) - 2.59. RESULTS Mean HbA1c was 76 mmol/mol (25.1) [9.1 (2.3)%] and mean continuous glucose monitoring tissue glucose was 10.4 (2.6) mmol/l. The relationship between continuous glucose monitoring tissue glucose and HbA1c was described by the paediatric equation: paediatric estimated average glucose = 0.49 (HbA1c %) + 5.95 (r = 0.45; P < 0.001). The mean paediatric estimated average glucose was 10.4 (1.1) mmol/l compared with that from the Nathan average glucose equation of 11.9 (3.7) mmol/l (P < 0.001). Overall, the paediatric estimated average glucose was 2.7 mmol/l lower than the Nathan estimated average glucose, with a 95% limit of agreement of ± 0.5 mmol/l. The agreement was very close with HbA1c values below 80 mmol/mol (9.5%). CONCLUSION These data suggest that the Nathan estimated average glucose could be used in children and young people with Type 1 diabetes. Caution should still be exercised in the estimates derived for average glucose as the data set is skewed in both Nathan and paediatric average glucose estimates in opposite directions because of the differences in average HbA1c .
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Affiliation(s)
- S M P O'Riordan
- Developmental Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical Molecular and Genetics Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Children and Young Persons Diabetes Service, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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23
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Wilson MR, Peters CJ. Diseases of the central nervous system caused by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and other arenaviruses. Handb Clin Neurol 2014; 123:671-81. [PMID: 25015511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-53488-0.00033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wilson
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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24
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Morrill JC, Laughlin RC, Lokugamage N, Wu J, Pugh R, Kanani P, Adams LG, Makino S, Peters CJ. Immunogenicity of a recombinant Rift Valley fever MP-12-NSm deletion vaccine candidate in calves. Vaccine 2013; 31:4988-94. [PMID: 23994375 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of an authentic recombinant (ar) of the live, attenuated MP-12 Rift Valley fever (RVF) vaccine virus with a large deletion of the NSm gene in the pre-Gn region of the M RNA segment (arMP-12ΔNSm21/384) was tested in 4-6 month old Bos taurus calves. Phase I of this study evaluated the neutralizing antibody response, measured by 80% plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT80), and clinical response of calves to doses of 1 × 10(1) through 1 × 10(7) plaque forming units (PFU) administered subcutaneously (s.c.). Phase II evaluated the clinical and neutralizing antibody response of calves inoculated s.c. or intramuscularly (i.m.) with 1 × 10(3), 1 × 10(4) or 1 × 10(5)PFU of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384. No significant adverse clinical events were observed in the animals in these studies. Of all specimens tested, only one vaccine viral isolate was recovered and that virus retained the introduced deletion. In the Phase I study, there was no statistically significant difference in the PRNT80 response between the dosage groups though the difference in IgG response between the 1 × 10(1)PFU group and the 1 × 10(5)PFU group was statistically significant (p<0.05). The PRNT80 response of the respective dosage groups corresponded to dose of vaccine with the 1 × 10(1)PFU dose group showing the least response. The Phase II study also showed no statistically significant difference in PRNT80 response between the dosage groups though the difference in RVFV-specific IgG values was significantly increased (p<0.001) in animals inoculated i.m. with 1 × 10(4) or 1 × 10(5)PFU versus those inoculated s.c. with 1 × 10(3) or 1 × 10(5)PFU. Although the study groups were small, these data suggest that 1 × 10(4) or 1 × 10(5)PFU of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 administered i.m. to calves will consistently stimulate a presumably protective PRNT80 response for at least 91 days post inoculation. Further studies of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 are warranted to explore its suitability as an efficacious livestock vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Morrill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Room 4.142B MRB, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA.
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Newman-Gerhardt S, Muiruri S, Muchiri E, Peters CJ, Morrill J, Lucas AH, King CH, Kazura J, LaBeaud AD. Potential for autoimmune pathogenesis of Rift Valley Fever virus retinitis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:495-7. [PMID: 23918215 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a significant threat to human health because it can progress to retinitis, encephalitis, and hemorrhagic fever. The timing of onset of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) retinitis suggests an autoimmune origin. To determine whether RVFV retinitis is associated with increased levels of IgG against retinal tissue, we measured and compared levels of IgG against healthy human eye tissue by immunohistochemical analysis. We found that serum samples from RVFV-exposed Kenyans with retinitis (n = 8) were slightly more likely to have antibodies against retinal tissue than control populations, but the correlation was not statistically significant. Further investigation into the possible immune pathogenesis of RVFV retinitis could lead to improved therapies to prevent or treat this severe complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Newman-Gerhardt
- National Institutes of Health, Building 29B, Room 2c17, 29 Lincoln Way, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Xu W, Watts DM, Costanzo MC, Tang X, Venegas LA, Jiao F, Sette A, Sidney J, Sewell AK, Wooldridge L, Makino S, Morrill JC, Peters CJ, Kan-Mitchell J. The nucleocapsid protein of Rift Valley fever virus is a potent human CD8+ T cell antigen and elicits memory responses. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59210. [PMID: 23527138 PMCID: PMC3601065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no licensed human vaccine currently available for Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV), a Category A high priority pathogen and a serious zoonotic threat. While neutralizing antibodies targeting the viral glycoproteins are protective, they appear late in the course of infection, and may not be induced in time to prevent a natural or bioterrorism-induced outbreak. Here we examined the immunogenicity of RVFV nucleocapsid (N) protein as a CD8(+) T cell antigen with the potential for inducing rapid protection after vaccination. HLA-A*0201 (A2)-restricted epitopic determinants were identified with N-specific CD8(+) T cells from eight healthy donors that were primed with dendritic cells transduced to express N, and subsequently expanded in vitro by weekly re-stimulations with monocytes pulsed with 59 15mer overlapping peptides (OLPs) across N. Two immunodominant epitopes, VT9 (VLSEWLPVT, N(121-129)) and IL9 (ILDAHSLYL, N165-173), were defined. VT9- and IL9-specific CD8(+) T cells identified by tetramer staining were cytotoxic and polyfunctional, characteristics deemed important for viral control in vivo. These peptides induced specific CD8(+) T cell responses in A2-transgenic mice, and more importantly, potent N-specific CD8(+) T cell reactivities, including VT9- and IL9-specific ones, were mounted by mice after a booster vaccination with the live attenuated RVF MP-12. Our data suggest that the RVFV N protein is a potent human T cell immunogen capable of eliciting broad, immunodominant CD8(+) T cell responses that are potentially protective. Understanding the immune responses to the nucleocapsid is central to the design of an effective RVFV vaccine irrespective of whether this viral protein is effective as a stand-alone immunogen or only in combination with other RVFV antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Xu
- Department of Biological Science and Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Morrill JC, Laughlin RC, Lokugamage N, Pugh R, Sbrana E, Weise WJ, Adams LG, Makino S, Peters CJ. Safety and immunogenicity of recombinant Rift Valley fever MP-12 vaccine candidates in sheep. Vaccine 2012; 31:559-65. [PMID: 23153443 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The safety and immunogenicity of two authentic recombinant (ar) Rift Valley fever (RVF) viruses, one with a deletion in the NSs region of the S RNA segment (arMP-12ΔNSs16/198) and the other with a large deletion of the NSm gene in the pre Gn region of the M RNA segment (arMP-12ΔNSm21/384) of the RVF MP-12 vaccine virus were tested in crossbred ewes at 30-50 days of gestation. First, we evaluated the neutralizing antibody response, measured by plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT(80)), and clinical response of the two viruses in groups of four ewes each. The virus dose was 1×10(5)plaque forming units (PFU). Control groups of four ewes each were also inoculated with a similar dose of RVF MP-12 or the parent recombinant virus (arMP-12). Neutralizing antibody was first detected in 3 of 4 animals inoculated with arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 on Day 5 post inoculation and all four animals had PRNT(80) titers of ≥1:20 on Day 6. Neutralizing antibody was first detected in 2 of 4 ewes inoculated with arMP-12ΔNSs16/198 on Day 7 and all had PRNT(80) titers of ≥1:20 on Day 10. We found the mean PRNT(80) response to arMP-12ΔNSs16/198 to be 16- to 25-fold lower than that of ewes inoculated with arMP-12ΔNSm21/384, arMP-12 or RVF MP-12. No abortions occurred though a single fetal death in each of the arMP-12 and RVF MP-12 groups was found at necropsy. The poor PRNT(80) response to arMP-12ΔNSs16/198 caused us to discontinue further testing of this candidate and focus on arMP-12ΔNSm21/384. A dose escalation study of arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 showed that 1×10(3)plaque forming units (PFU) stimulate a PRNT(80) response comparable to doses of up to 1×10(5)PFU of this virus. With further study, the arMP-12ΔNSm21/384 virus may prove to be a safe and efficacious candidate for a livestock vaccine. The large deletion in the NSm gene may also provide a negative marker that will allow serologic differentiation of naturally infected animals from vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Morrill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA.
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Tseng CT, Sbrana E, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Newman PC, Garron T, Atmar RL, Peters CJ, Couch RB. Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35421. [PMID: 22536382 PMCID: PMC3335060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035421 10.1371/annotation/2965cfae-b77d-4014-8b7b-236e01a35492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China in 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. Because of a concern for reemergence or a deliberate release of the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. Evaluations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine in ferrets and nonhuman primates and a virus-like-particle vaccine in mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited an immunopathologic-type lung disease. DESIGN Four candidate vaccines for humans with or without alum adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model of SARS, a VLP vaccine, the vaccine given to ferrets and NHP, another whole virus vaccine and an rDNA-produced S protein. Balb/c or C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated i.m. on day 0 and 28 and sacrificed for serum antibody measurements or challenged with live virus on day 56. On day 58, challenged mice were sacrificed and lungs obtained for virus and histopathology. RESULTS All vaccines induced serum neutralizing antibody with increasing dosages and/or alum significantly increasing responses. Significant reductions of SARS-CoV two days after challenge was seen for all vaccines and prior live SARS-CoV. All mice exhibited histopathologic changes in lungs two days after challenge including all animals vaccinated (Balb/C and C57BL/6) or given live virus, influenza vaccine, or PBS suggesting infection occurred in all. Histopathology seen in animals given one of the SARS-CoV vaccines was uniformly a Th2-type immunopathology with prominent eosinophil infiltration, confirmed with special eosinophil stains. The pathologic changes seen in all control groups lacked the eosinophil prominence. CONCLUSIONS These SARS-CoV vaccines all induced antibody and protection against infection with SARS-CoV. However, challenge of mice given any of the vaccines led to occurrence of Th2-type immunopathology suggesting hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV components was induced. Caution in proceeding to application of a SARS-CoV vaccine in humans is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elena Sbrana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Newman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tania Garron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Atmar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clarence J. Peters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Couch
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Tseng CT, Sbrana E, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Newman PC, Garron T, Atmar RL, Peters CJ, Couch RB. Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35421. [PMID: 22536382 PMCID: PMC3335060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) emerged in China in 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. Because of a concern for reemergence or a deliberate release of the SARS coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. Evaluations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine in ferrets and nonhuman primates and a virus-like-particle vaccine in mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited an immunopathologic-type lung disease. DESIGN Four candidate vaccines for humans with or without alum adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model of SARS, a VLP vaccine, the vaccine given to ferrets and NHP, another whole virus vaccine and an rDNA-produced S protein. Balb/c or C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated i.m. on day 0 and 28 and sacrificed for serum antibody measurements or challenged with live virus on day 56. On day 58, challenged mice were sacrificed and lungs obtained for virus and histopathology. RESULTS All vaccines induced serum neutralizing antibody with increasing dosages and/or alum significantly increasing responses. Significant reductions of SARS-CoV two days after challenge was seen for all vaccines and prior live SARS-CoV. All mice exhibited histopathologic changes in lungs two days after challenge including all animals vaccinated (Balb/C and C57BL/6) or given live virus, influenza vaccine, or PBS suggesting infection occurred in all. Histopathology seen in animals given one of the SARS-CoV vaccines was uniformly a Th2-type immunopathology with prominent eosinophil infiltration, confirmed with special eosinophil stains. The pathologic changes seen in all control groups lacked the eosinophil prominence. CONCLUSIONS These SARS-CoV vaccines all induced antibody and protection against infection with SARS-CoV. However, challenge of mice given any of the vaccines led to occurrence of Th2-type immunopathology suggesting hypersensitivity to SARS-CoV components was induced. Caution in proceeding to application of a SARS-CoV vaccine in humans is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elena Sbrana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Newman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tania Garron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Atmar
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Clarence J. Peters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert B. Couch
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Günther S, Feldmann H, Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Ströher U, Artsob H, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG, Becker S, ter Meulen J, Olschläger S, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Sudeck H, Burchard GD, Schmiedel S. Management of accidental exposure to Ebola virus in the biosafety level 4 laboratory, Hamburg, Germany. J Infect Dis 2011; 204 Suppl 3:S785-90. [PMID: 21987751 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A needlestick injury occurred during an animal experiment in the biosafety level 4 laboratory in Hamburg, Germany, in March 2009. The syringe contained Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) mixed with Freund's adjuvant. Neither an approved treatment nor a postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) exists for Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Following a risk-benefit assessment, it was recommended the exposed person take an experimental vaccine that had shown PEP efficacy in ZEBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) [12]. The vaccine, which had not been used previously in humans, was a live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (recVSV) expressing the glycoprotein of ZEBOV. A single dose of 5 × 10(7) plaque-forming units was injected 48 hours after the accident. The vaccinee developed fever 12 hours later and recVSV viremia was detectable by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 2 days. Otherwise, the person remained healthy, and ZEBOV RNA, except for the glycoprotein gene expressed in the vaccine, was never detected in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the 3-week observation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Günther
- Department of Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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Abstract
Rhesus macaques given 5 × 10(4) or 1 × 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) of Rift Valley fever (RVF) MP-12 vaccine by oral, intranasal drops, or small particle aerosol showed no adverse effects up to 56 days after administration. All monkeys given the vaccine by aerosol or intranasal drops developed 80% plaque reduction neutralization titers of ≥ 1:40 by day 21 after inoculation. Only 2 of 4 monkeys given the vaccine by oral instillation developed detectable neutralizing antibodies. All monkeys vaccinated by mucosal routes that developed detectable neutralizing antibodies were protected against viremia when challenged with 1 × 10(5) pfu of virulent RVF virus delivered by a small particle aerosol at 56 days after vaccination. A single inoculation of the RVF MP-12 live attenuated vaccine by the aerosol or intranasal route may provide an alternative route of protective immunization to RVFV in addition to conventional intramuscular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Morrill
- Applied Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA.
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LaBeaud AD, Muiruri S, Sutherland LJ, Dahir S, Gildengorin G, Morrill J, Muchiri EM, Peters CJ, King CH. Postepidemic analysis of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in northeastern kenya: a village cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1265. [PMID: 21858236 PMCID: PMC3156691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In endemic areas, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a significant threat to both human and animal health. Goals of this study were to measure human anti-RVFV seroprevalence in a high-risk area following the 2006-2007 Kenyan Rift Valley Fever (RVF) epidemic, to identify risk factors for interval seroconversion, and to monitor individuals previously exposed to RVFV in order to document the persistence of their anti-RVFV antibodies. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS We conducted a village cohort study in Ijara District, Northeastern Province, Kenya. One hundred two individuals tested for RVFV exposure before the 2006-2007 RVF outbreak were restudied to determine interval anti-RVFV seroconversion and persistence of humoral immunity since 2006. Ninety-two additional subjects were enrolled from randomly selected households to help identify risk factors for current seropositivity. Overall, 44/194 or 23% (CI(95%):17%-29%) of local residents were RVFV seropositive. 1/85 at-risk individuals restudied in the follow-up cohort had seroconverted since early 2006. 27/92 (29%, CI(95%): 20%-39%) of newly tested individuals were seropositive. All 13 individuals with positive titers (by plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT₈₀) in 2006 remained positive in 2009. After adjustment in multivariable logistic models, age, village, and drinking raw milk were significantly associated with RVFV seropositivity. Visual impairment (defined as ≤ 20/80) was much more likely in the RVFV-seropositive group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight significant variability in RVFV exposure in two neighboring villages having very similar climate, terrain, and insect density. Among those with previous exposure, RVFV titers remained at > 1∶40 for more than 3 years. In concordance with previous studies, residents of the more rural village were more likely to be seropositive and RVFV seropositivity was associated with poor visual acuity. Raw milk consumption was strongly associated with RVFV exposure, which may represent an important new focus for public health education during future RVF outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Desirée LaBeaud
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America.
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Kuhn JH, Becker S, Ebihara H, Geisbert TW, Johnson KM, Kawaoka Y, Lipkin WI, Negredo AI, Netesov SV, Nichol ST, Palacios G, Peters CJ, Tenorio A, Volchkov VE, Jahrling PB. Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations. Arch Virol 2010; 155:2083-103. [PMID: 21046175 PMCID: PMC3074192 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The taxonomy of the family Filoviridae (marburgviruses and ebolaviruses) has changed several times since the discovery of its members, resulting in a plethora of species and virus names and abbreviations. The current taxonomy has only been partially accepted by most laboratory virologists. Confusion likely arose for several reasons: species names that consist of several words or which (should) contain diacritical marks, the current orthographic identity of species and virus names, and the similar pronunciation of several virus abbreviations in the absence of guidance for the correct use of vernacular names. To rectify this problem, we suggest (1) to retain the current species names Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, and Zaire ebolavirus, but to replace the name Cote d'Ivoire ebolavirus [sic] with Taï Forest ebolavirus and Lake Victoria marburgvirus with Marburg marburgvirus; (2) to revert the virus names of the type marburgviruses and ebolaviruses to those used for decades in the field (Marburg virus instead of Lake Victoria marburgvirus and Ebola virus instead of Zaire ebolavirus); (3) to introduce names for the remaining viruses reminiscent of jargon used by laboratory virologists but nevertheless different from species names (Reston virus, Sudan virus, Taï Forest virus), and (4) to introduce distinct abbreviations for the individual viruses (RESTV for Reston virus, SUDV for Sudan virus, and TAFV for Taï Forest virus), while retaining that for Marburg virus (MARV) and reintroducing that used over decades for Ebola virus (EBOV). Paying tribute to developments in the field, we propose (a) to create a new ebolavirus species (Bundibugyo ebolavirus) for one member virus (Bundibugyo virus, BDBV); (b) to assign a second virus to the species Marburg marburgvirus (Ravn virus, RAVV) for better reflection of now available high-resolution phylogeny; and (c) to create a new tentative genus (Cuevavirus) with one tentative species (Lloviu cuevavirus) for the recently discovered Lloviu virus (LLOV). Furthermore, we explain the etymological derivation of individual names, their pronunciation, and their correct use, and we elaborate on demarcation criteria for each taxon and virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, National Interagency Biodefense Campus, B-8200 Research Plaza, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Kahlon SS, Peters CJ, Leduc J, Muchiri EM, Muiruri S, Njenga MK, Breiman RF, White AC, King CH. Severe Rift Valley fever may present with a characteristic clinical syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:371-5. [PMID: 20207858 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus is an emerging pathogen that is transmitted in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa, parts of Egypt, and the Arabian peninsula. Outbreaks of RVF, like other diseases caused by hemorrhagic fever viruses, typically present in locations with very limited health resources, where initial diagnosis must be based only on history and physical examination. Although general signs and symptoms of human RVF have been documented, a specific clinical syndrome has not been described. In 2007, a Kenyan outbreak of RVF provided opportunity to assess acutely ill RVF patients and better delineate its presentation and clinical course. Our data reveal an identifiable clinical syndrome suggestive of severe RVF, characterized by fever, large-joint arthralgia, and gastrointestinal complaints and later followed by jaundice, right upper-quadrant pain, and delirium, often coinciding with hemorrhagic manifestations. Further characterization of a distinct RVF clinical syndrome will aid earlier detection of RVF outbreaks and should allow more rapid implementation of control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summerpal S Kahlon
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, and Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Ikegami T, Narayanan K, Won S, Kamitani W, Peters CJ, Makino S. Dual functions of Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein: inhibition of host mRNA transcription and post-transcriptional downregulation of protein kinase PKR. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1171 Suppl 1:E75-85. [PMID: 19751406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae, is a negative-stranded RNA virus carrying a single-stranded, tripartite RNA genome. RVFV is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted by mosquitoes and causes large outbreaks among ruminants and humans in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Human patients develop an acute febrile illness, followed by a fatal hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, or ocular diseases. A viral nonstructural protein, NSs, is a major viral virulence factor. Past studies showed that NSs suppresses the transcription of host mRNAs, including interferon-beta mRNAs. Here we demonstrated that the NSs protein induced post-transcriptional downregulation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), to prevent phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and promoted viral translation in infected cells. These two biological activities of the NSs most probably have a synergistic effect in suppressing host innate immune functions and facilitate efficient viral replication in infected mammalian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-0438, USA.
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Peters CJ, Hardwick RH, Vowler SL, Fitzgerald RC. Generation and validation of a revised classification for oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2009; 96:724-33. [PMID: 19526624 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is the commonest oesophageal malignancy in the West, but is staged using a system designed for squamous cell carcinoma. The aim was to develop and validate a staging system for oesophageal and junctional adenocarcinoma. METHODS Patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (Siewert types I and II) undergoing oesophagectomy with curative intent were randomly assigned to generation (313 patients) and validation (131) data sets. Outcome in the generation data set was associated with histopathological features; a revised node (N) classification was derived using recursive partitioning and tested on the validation data set. RESULTS A revised N classification based on number of involved lymph nodes (N0, none; N1, one to five; N2, six or more) was prognostically significant (P < 0.001). Patients with involved nodes on both sides of the diaphragm, regardless of number, had the same outcome as the N2 group. When applied to the validation data set, the revised classification (including nodal number and location) provided greater discrimination between node-positive patients than the existing system (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION A revised N classification based on number and location of involved lymph nodes provides improved prognostic power and incorporates features that may be useful before surgery in clinical management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Calisher CH, Peters CJ, Douglass RJ, Kuenzi AJ. Hantaviral infections of rodents: possible scenarios. Arch Virol 2009; 154:1195-7. [PMID: 19568690 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Calisher
- Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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LaBeaud AD, Muchiri EM, Ndzovu M, Mwanje MT, Muiruri S, Peters CJ, King CH. Interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity, northeastern Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14:1240-6. [PMID: 18680647 PMCID: PMC2600406 DOI: 10.3201/eid1408.080082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF) occur in remote locations after floods. To determine environmental risk factors and long-term sequelae of human RVF, we examined rates of previous Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) exposure by age and location during an interepidemic period in 2006. In a randomized household cluster survey in 2 areas of Ijara District, Kenya, we examined 248 residents of 2 sublocations, Gumarey (village) and Sogan-Godud (town). Overall, the RVFV seropositivity rate was 13% according to immunoglobulin G ELISA; evidence of interepidemic RVFV transmission was detected. Increased seropositivity was found among older persons, those who were male, those who lived in the rural village (Gumarey), and those who had disposed of animal abortus. Rural Gumarey reported more mosquito and animal exposure than Sogan-Godud. Seropositive persons were more likely to have visual impairment and retinal lesions; other physical findings did not differ.
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Watts DM, Peters CJ, Newman P, Wang N, Yoshikawa N, Tseng CK, Wyde PR. Evaluation of cotton rats as a model for severe acute respiratory syndrome. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8:339-44. [PMID: 18447621 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2007.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate two species of cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus and Sigmodon fulviventer, as a model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Blood and turbinate wash samples, and lung tissue were collected from each animal at different time points after SARS coronavirus (CoV) infection for determining the growth curve of virus, if any, by the standard infectivity assay in Vero E6 cells. In addition, sections of the lung, liver, spleen, and kidney were taken and used for histology analysis. All animals were observed daily for signs of illness, and in some experiments, animals were weighed on the day when they were sacrificed. The results indicated that the cotton rat species, S. hispidus and S. fulviventer, were not a useful model for either SARS-CoV infection or disease. This observation was supported by the absence of any signs of illness, the failure to consistently demonstrate virus in the blood and tissues, and the absent of any notable histopathology. However, infected animals were capable of producing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV, suggesting the seroconversion did occur. Further studies are warranted to consider other animal species in efforts to find better animal models for the evaluation of SARS-CoV vaccines and antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Watts
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA.
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Yun NE, Linde NS, Dziuba N, Zacks MA, Smith JN, Smith JK, Aronson JF, Chumakova OV, Lander HM, Peters CJ, Paessler S. Pathogenesis of XJ and Romero strains of Junin virus in two strains of guinea pigs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008; 79:275-282. [PMID: 18689636 PMCID: PMC2700623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a systemic infectious disease caused by infection with Junin virus, affects several organs, and patients can show hematologic, cardiovascular, renal, or neurologic symptoms. We compared the virulence of two Junin virus strains in inbred and outbred guinea pigs with the aim of characterizing this animal model better for future vaccine/antiviral efficacy studies. Our data indicate that this passage of the XJ strain is attenuated in guinea pigs. In contrast, the Romero strain is highly virulent in Strain 13 as well as in Hartley guinea pigs, resulting in systemic infection, thrombocytopenia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase levels, and ultimately, uniformly lethal disease. We detected viral antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Thus, both guinea pig strains are useful animal models for lethal Junin virus (Romero strain) infection and potentially can be used for preclinical trials in vaccine or antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Slobodan Paessler
- Address correspondence to Slobodan Paessler, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. E-mail:
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Yun NE, Chumakova OV, Peters CJ, Paessler S, Smith JN, Smith JK, Lander HM, Dziuba N, Zacks MA, Aronson JF, Linde NS. Pathogenesis of XJ and Romero Strains of Junin Virus in Two Strains of Guinea Pigs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2008. [DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2008.79.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lokugamage KG, Yoshikawa-Iwata N, Ito N, Watts DM, Wyde PR, Wang N, Newman P, Kent Tseng CT, Peters CJ, Makino S. Chimeric coronavirus-like particles carrying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S protein protect mice against challenge with SCoV. Vaccine 2007; 26:797-808. [PMID: 18191004 PMCID: PMC2267761 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We tested the efficacy of coronavirus-like particles (VLPs) for protecting mice against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) infection. Coexpression of SCoV S protein and E, M and N proteins of mouse hepatitis virus in 293T or CHO cells resulted in the efficient production of chimeric VLPs carrying SCoV S protein. Balb/c mice inoculated with a mixture of chimeric VLPs and alum twice at an interval of four weeks were protected from SCoV challenge, as indicated by the absence of infectious virus in the lungs. The same groups of mice had high levels of SCoV-specific neutralizing antibodies, while mice in the negative control groups, which were not immunized with chimeric VLPs, failed to manifest neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that SCoV-specific neutralizing antibodies are important for the suppression of viral replication within the lungs. Despite some differences in the cellular composition of inflammatory infiltrates, we did not observe any overt lung pathology in the chimeric-VLP-treated mice, when compared to the negative control mice. Our results show that chimeric VLP can be an effective vaccine strategy against SCoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari G Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a member of the genus Phlebovirus within the family Bunyaviridae. It can cause severe epidemics among ruminants and fever, myalgia, a hemorrhagic syndrome, and/or encephalitis in humans. The RVFV M segment encodes the NSm and 78-kDa proteins and two major envelope proteins, Gn and Gc. The biological functions of the NSm and 78-kDa proteins are unknown; both proteins are dispensable for viral replication in cell cultures. To determine the biological functions of the NSm and 78-kDa proteins, we generated the mutant virus arMP-12-del21/384, carrying a large deletion in the pre-Gn region of the M segment. Neither NSm nor the 78-kDa protein was synthesized in arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells. Although arMP-12-del21/384 and its parental virus, arMP-12, showed similar growth kinetics and viral RNA and protein accumulation in infected cells, arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells induced extensive cell death and produced larger plaques than did arMP-12-infected cells. arMP-12-del21/384 replication triggered apoptosis, including the cleavage of caspase-3, the cleavage of its downstream substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and activation of the initiator caspases, caspase-8 and -9, earlier in infection than arMP-12. NSm expression in arMP-12-del21/384-infected cells suppressed the severity of caspase-3 activation. Further, NSm protein expression inhibited the staurosporine-induced activation of caspase-8 and -9, demonstrating that other viral proteins were dispensable for NSm's function in inhibiting apoptosis. RVFV NSm protein is the first identified Phlebovirus protein that has an antiapoptotic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong Won
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
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Abstract
Genome synthesis in paramyxoviruses, including Nipah virus (NiV), is controlled by sequence elements that reside in the non-coding nucleotides at the 5'-trailer (3'-antigenomic) end that make up the antigenomic promoter (AGP). Using a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase-based plasmid-driven minigenome system, the terminal 96 nt of NiV AGP were first mutagenized in blocks of three hexamers to enable broad mapping of the minigenome functional regions. This was followed by further dissection of these functional regions to define the cis-acting elements contained therein. Results based on RNA analysis and reporter gene activity identified a bipartite promoter structure similar to that seen in related viruses, but with some distinct differences: in NiV, each of the two discrete replication control elements was bimodal, characterized by a critical conserved region (nt 1-12 and 79-91) and a contiguous non-conserved region (nt 13-36 and 73-78), which appeared less important. The regulatory role of these less critical regions was underscored by the use of a two-step mutation strategy, which revealed the additive detrimental effect of substitutions in this part of the terminal element. The structure and sequence characteristics of the internal control element was also different: it involved four contiguous hexamers, and the region encompassing three of these (nt 79-96, corresponding to hexamers 14, 15 and 16), although analogous in position to the equivalent element in the Sendai virus AGP, was characterized by the distinct 5'-(GNNNUG)(14-15)(GNNNNN)(16) motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Walpita
- Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Clarence J Peters
- Departments of Pathology, and Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Neonatal emergencies are uncommon, but may lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not recognised and managed promptly. Disorders of sex development, hypoglycaemia, thyrotoxicosis and calcium balance are discussed, with emphasis on the clinical assessment, investigations and management of these disorders in the acute setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- London Centre of Paediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London, UK
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Devaraj SG, Wang N, Chen Z, Chen Z, Tseng M, Barretto N, Lin R, Peters CJ, Tseng CTK, Baker SC, Li K. Regulation of IRF-3-dependent innate immunity by the papain-like protease domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:32208-21. [PMID: 17761676 PMCID: PMC2756044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m704870200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes a highly contagious respiratory disease, SARS, with significant mortality. Although factors contributing to the highly pathogenic nature of SARS-CoV remain poorly understood, it has been reported that SARS-CoV infection does not induce type I interferons (IFNs) in cell culture. However, it is uncertain whether SARS-CoV evades host detection or has evolved mechanisms to counteract innate host defenses. We show here that infection of SARS-CoV triggers a weak IFN response in cultured human lung/bronchial epithelial cells without inducing the phosphorylation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a latent cellular transcription factor that is pivotal for type I IFN synthesis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV infection blocked the induction of IFN antiviral activity and the up-regulation of protein expression of a subset of IFN-stimulated genes triggered by double-stranded RNA or an unrelated paramyxovirus. In searching for a SARS-CoV protein capable of counteracting innate immunity, we identified the papain-like protease (PLpro) domain as a potent IFN antagonist. The inhibition of the IFN response does not require the protease activity of PLpro. Rather, PLpro interacts with IRF-3 and inhibits the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF-3, thereby disrupting the activation of type I IFN responses through either Toll-like receptor 3 or retinoic acid-inducible gene I/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 pathways. Our data suggest that regulation of IRF-3-dependent innate antiviral defenses by PLpro may contribute to the establishment of SARS-CoV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana G Devaraj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA
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Llovell F, Florusse LJ, Peters CJ, Vega LF. Vapor−Liquid and Critical Behavior of Binary Systems of Hydrogen Chloride and n-Alkanes: Experimental Data and Soft-SAFT Modeling. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:10180-8. [PMID: 17676888 DOI: 10.1021/jp071029t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to check the capability of the crossover soft-SAFT equation of state to predict the phase behavior of hydrogen chloride/n-alkane mixtures based on experimental data. The hydrogen chloride parameters were optimized using the experimental information, while the parameters for the n-alkanes were obtained from published correlations to the molecular weight of the compounds. We have found that a unique binary parameter with a constant value for the whole family provides an excellent description of the behavior of hydrogen chloride + propane and hydrogen chloride + dodecane mixtures in a broad range of temperatures and pressures, as well as the critical line of the mixture. The model confirms that HCl + propane exhibits type-I critical behavior, while HCl + dodecane shows a type-II critical behavior. Taking advantage of the transferability of the parameters, the critical transition from type-II to type-III has been investigated with the equation in a predictive manner. Although results are very sensitive to the binary parameter value, there are indications to assert that type-III is achieved close to the HCl + heneicosane binary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Llovell
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Fulhorst CF, Milazzo ML, Armstrong LR, Childs JE, Rollin PE, Khabbaz R, Peters CJ, Ksiazek TG. Hantavirus and arenavirus antibodies in persons with occupational rodent exposure. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13:532-8. [PMID: 17553266 PMCID: PMC2725987 DOI: 10.3201/eid1304.061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk for infection was low among those who handled neotomine or sigmodontine rodents on the job. Rodents are the principal hosts of Sin Nombre virus, 4 other hantaviruses known to cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in North America, and the 3 North American arenaviruses. Serum samples from 757 persons who had worked with rodents in North America and handled neotomine or sigmodontine rodents were tested for antibodies against Sin Nombre virus, Whitewater Arroyo virus, Guanarito virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Antibodies against Sin Nombre virus were found in 4 persons, against Whitewater Arroyo virus or Guanarito virus in 2 persons, and against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in none. These results suggest that risk for infection with hantaviruses or arenaviruses usually is low in persons whose occupations entail close physical contact with neotomine or sigmodontine rodents in North America.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal adenocarcinoma is an increasingly common cancer with a poor prognosis. It develops in a stepwise progression from Barrett's metaplasia to dysplasia, and then adenocarcinoma followed by metastasis. AIM To outline the key molecular changes in oesophageal adenocarcinoma and to summarize the chemopreventative and therapeutic strategies proposed. METHODS A literature search was performed to identify appropriate research papers in the field. Search terms included: Barrett's (o)esophagus, intestinal metaplasia, (o)esophageal adenocarcinoma, molecular changes, genetic changes, pathogenesis, chemoprevention, therapeutic strategies and treatment. The search was restricted to English language articles. RESULTS A large number of molecular changes have been identified in the progression from Barrett's oesophagus to oesophageal adenocarcinoma although there does not appear to be an obligate order of events. Potential chemoprevention strategies include acid suppression, anti-inflammatory agents and antioxidants. In established adenocarcinoma, targeted treatments under evaluation include receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which may benefit a subgroup of patients. CONCLUSIONS Advances in molecular methodology have led to a greater understanding of the oesophageal adenocarcinoma pathways, which provides opportunities for chemoprevention and therapeutic strategies with a mechanistic basis. More work is required to assess both the safety and efficacy of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Peters
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) has a tripartite negative-strand genome and causes a mosquito-borne disease among humans and livestock in sub-Saharan African and Arabian Peninsula countries. Phlebovirus L, M, and N mRNAs are synthesized from the virus-sense RNA segments, while NSs mRNA is transcribed from the anti-virus-sense S segment. The present study determined the 3' termini of all RVFV mRNAs. The 3' termini of N and NSs mRNAs were mapped within the S-segment intergenic region and were complementary to each other by 30 to 60 nucleotides. The termini of M and L mRNAs were mapped within 122 to 107 nucleotides and 16 to 41 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5' ends of their templates. Viral RNA elements that control phlebovirus transcriptional terminations are largely unknown. Our studies suggested the importance of a pentanucleotide sequence, CGUCG, for N, NSs, and M mRNA transcription terminations. Homopolymeric tracts of C sequences, which were located upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence, promoted N and M mRNA terminations. Likewise, the homopolymeric tracts of G sequences that are found upstream of the pentanucleotide sequence promoted NSs mRNA termination. The L-segment 5'-untranslated region (L-5' UTR) had neither the pentanucleotide sequence nor homopolymeric sequences, yet replacement of the S-segment intergenic region with the L-5' UTR exerted N mRNA termination in an infectious virus. The L-5' UTR contained two 13-nucleotide-long complete complementary sequences, and their sequence complementarities were important for L mRNA termination. A computer-mediated RNA secondary structure analysis further suggested that RNA secondary structures formed by the sections of the two 13-nucleotide-long sequences and by the sequence between them may have a role in L mRNA termination. Our data demonstrated that viral RNA elements that govern L mRNA termination differed from those that regulate mRNA terminations in the M and S segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ikegami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1019, USA.
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