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Frankham LJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Bartik W. Birth related PTSD and its association with the mother-infant relationship: A meta-analysis. Sex Reprod Healthc 2023; 38:100920. [PMID: 37847956 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a growing body of research showing that birth related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may impact the mother-infant relationship. The present study assessed the strength of the association between birth related PTSD symptoms and the mother-infant relationship. METHOD A total of twelve studies (5,572 participants) were included based on database searches using PubMed, EBSCO and ProQuest. RESULTS The findings showed that greater levels of birth related PTSD symptoms were associated with poorer mother-infant relationship, r = -0.36, 95% CI: [-0.43 - -0.28], random effects model. The outcomes appeared to be heterogeneous (Q(11) = 81.63, p <.001, tau2 = 0.0123, I2 = 80.73%), despite all outcomes being in the same direction as the overall outcome. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that birth related PTSD symptoms are negatively associated with the mother-infant relationship. Further investigation into the prevention of birth related trauma is suggested. Improving birthing experiences for mothers is likely to contribute to improved infant mental health, thereby reducing overall social and economic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J Frankham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Warren Bartik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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2
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Janovsky T, Rock AJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Clark GI, Polad V, Cosh S. Assessing the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems using interpersonal scenarios depicting rejection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288543. [PMID: 37874818 PMCID: PMC10597527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been theorised to contribute to reoccurring interpersonal problems. This study developed a novel experimental paradigm that aimed to assess if EMSs moderate the impact of interpersonal situations on interpersonal responses by manipulating the degree of rejection in a series of interpersonal vignettes depicting acceptance, ambiguous rejection and rejection. METHOD In a sample of 158 first-year psychology students (27.2% male; 72.2% female; 0.6% other) participant responses to interpersonal scenarios were measured including degree of perceived rejection, emotional distress, conviction in varying cognitive appraisals consistent with attribution theory and behavioural responses to scenarios. Qualitative data was analysed using inductive content analysis and statistical analyses were conducted using multi-level mixed effect linear and logistic regression models using the software Jamovi. RESULTS People reporting higher EMSs reported increased emotional distress (F(1, 156) = 24.85, p < .001), perceptions of rejection (F(1, 156) = 34.33, p < .001), self-blame (F(1, 156) = 53.25, p < .001), other-blame (F(1, 156) = 13.16, p < .001) and more intentional (F(1, 156) = 9.24, p = .003), stable (F(1, 156) = 25.22, p < .001) and global (F(1, 156) = 19.55, p < .001) attributions but no differences in reported behavioural responses. The results also supported that EMSs moderate the relationship between interpersonal rejection and perceptions of rejection (F(2, 1252) = 18.43, p < .001), emotional distress (F(2, 1252) = 12.64, p < .001) and self-blame (F(2, 1252) = 14.00, p < .001). CONCLUSION Together these findings suggest that people with EMSs experience increased distress and select negative cognitions in situations where there are higher levels of rejection but that distress and negative cognitions are generally higher in people with EMSs irrespective of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Janovsky
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J. Rock
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Polad
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Cosh
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Lazzeri G, Ciardullo S, Spinelli A, Pierannunzio D, Dzielska A, Kelly C, Thorsteinsson EB, Qirjako G, Geraets A, Ojala K, Rouche M, Nardone P. The Correlation between Adolescent Daily Breakfast Consumption and Socio-Demographic: Trends in 23 European Countries Participating in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study (2002-2018). Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112453. [PMID: 37299415 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakfast is often considered the most important meal of the day and can benefit adolescent health in several ways. The aims of the present study were (1) to identify adolescents' socio-demographic (sex, family affluence and family structure) determinants of daily breakfast consumption (DBC) and (2) to describe trends in DBC among adolescents across 23 countries. Cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative samples of adolescents (aged 11, 13, and 15 years) (n = 589,737) participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey from 2002 to 2018 were used. Multilevel logistic regression analyses modeled DBC over time, adjusted for family affluence, family structure and year of survey. Four countries showed an increased trend in DBC (the Netherlands, Macedonia, Slovenia, and England). A significant decrease in DBC was observed in 15 countries (Belgium-Fr, France, Germany, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania and Sweden). In 4 countries no significant change was observed (Czech Republic, Scotland, Ireland and Norway). In most of the countries (n = 19), DBC was higher among the adolescents from high-affluence homes. In all the countries analysed, the adolescents living in two-parent households report higher DBC use than those in single-parent households. More than half of the countries showed a decrease in DBC. There is a need to implement key interventions by developing different strategies (education, incorporating educational curriculum and counselling programmes) to increase DBC. Comparing DBC patterns across HBSC countries is important for understanding regional and global trends, monitoring strategies, and developing health promotion programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Lazzeri
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Pierannunzio
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Dzielska
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Colette Kelly
- Health Promotion Research Centre, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Einar B. Thorsteinsson School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Gentiana Qirjako
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, 8RRM+W7X Tirana, Albania
| | - Anouk Geraets
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kristiina Ojala
- Research Center for Health Promotion, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Manon Rouche
- Research Centre in Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Research, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP598 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
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4
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Frankham LJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Bartik W. The Impact of COVID-19 Related Distress on Antenatal Depression in Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4783. [PMID: 36981691 PMCID: PMC10049555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the impact of COVID-19 on mental health has been significant. Pregnant women are known to be a vulnerable population in relation to mental health. In Australia, there was an unprecedented demand during the pandemic for mental health services, including services for pregnant women. Maternal mental health has unique and enduring features that can significantly shape a child's overall development and poor maternal mental health can have considerable social and economic costs. This cross-sectional study evaluated symptoms of antenatal depression and COVID-19-related distress in a sample of two hundred and sixty-nine pregnant women residing in Australia aged between 20 and 43 (M = 31.79, SD = 4.58), as part of a larger study. Social media advertising was used to recruit participants between September 2020 and November 2021. Prevalence rates for antenatal depression were found to be higher in this study (16.4%) compared with previous Australian prevalence rates (7%). COVID-19 distress in relation to having a baby during a COVID-19 outbreak significantly predicted symptoms of antenatal depression, B = 1.46, p < 0.001. Results from this study suggest that mothers and families may have increased mental health vulnerabilities as a consequence of the pandemic for some time yet.
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5
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Harris BE, Rice K, Murray CV, Thorsteinsson EB. Validation of the brief Adjustment Disorder New Modules with Australian oncology patients. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:2. [PMID: 36698144 PMCID: PMC9875190 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00259-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that up to 30% of cancer patients may meet the criteria for adjustment disorder. However, no assessment instruments have been validated for use with cancer patients. The Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM)-8 and ADNM-4 are brief screening tools for adjustment disorder mapped directly to the new ICD-11 criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure and validity of both instruments in an Australian sample of adult oncology patients. METHODS: A total of 405 participants with a cancer diagnosis were recruited online from across Australia. Participants reported cancer-specific information, such as time since diagnosis, treatment stage, cancer stage, type of cancer, and the following questionnaires: 8-item Adjustment Disorder New Module (ADNM-8), the World Health Organisation Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and the short form Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The predictiveness of stressors was assessed using multiple regression analysis and the structure of the ADNM-8 and the ADNM-4 was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: Six previously tested models were examined, and the results suggested a 2-factor structure reflecting the two ICD-11 diagnostic criteria clusters of preoccupation with the stressor and failure to adapt was a good fit for both scales. The ADNM-4 outperformed the longer version of the scale on numerous fit indices though the ADNM-8 and ADNM-4 were highly correlated. Correlations of both scales with the psychological distress scale, the stress subscale, and the wellbeing index indicated good construct validity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the ADNM-8 and ADNM-4 are useful screening tools for assessing adjustment disorder symptoms in cancer patients. The prompt screening of cancer patients encourages early intervention for those at risk of adaptation difficulties and informs research and clinical decisions regarding appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette E. Harris
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Kylie Rice
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Clara V. Murray
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- grid.1020.30000 0004 1936 7371School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351 Australia
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6
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Ignatova K, Thorsteinsson EB, Jósteinsson BA, Strandqvist N, Vantaraki C, Kapaklis V, Devishvili A, Pálsson GK, Arnalds UB. Reversible exchange bias in epitaxial V 2O 3/Ni hybrid magnetic heterostructures. J Phys Condens Matter 2022; 34:495001. [PMID: 36220016 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present a temperature and angular dependent study of the structural and magnetic properties in highly crystalline V2O3/Ni/Zr magnetic heterostructure films. Our investigation focuses on the coupling between the ferromagnetic Ni layer and V2O3layer which undergoes an antiferromagnetic/paramagnetic phase transition coupled to the structural phase transition of the material at around 150 K. Structural investigations using x-ray diffraction reveal highly crystalline films of a quality which has previously not been reported in the literature. The Ni layers display an absence of in-plane magnetic anisotropy owing to the highly textured (1 1 1) layering of the Ni films on the underlying V2O3(0 0 0 1) oriented layer. During the transition we observe a strain related enhancement of the coercivity and the onset of a weak exchange bias for cooling under an external magnetic field. Heating the films to above the transition temperature, the exchange bias in the Ni is removed and can be reversed upon subsequent cooling under an inverted external magnetic field. Using temperature dependent polarized neutron reflectometry we investigate the film structure at the interface, capturing the magnetic and nuclear profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ignatova
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - E B Thorsteinsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - B A Jósteinsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - N Strandqvist
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - C Vantaraki
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - V Kapaklis
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - A Devishvili
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
- Institut Laue-Langevin, BP 156, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - G K Pálsson
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - U B Arnalds
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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7
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Loi NM, Thorsteinsson EB, Rice K, Rock AJ. Illicit drug use in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Health 2022; 12:03026. [PMID: 35524775 PMCID: PMC9078152 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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8
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Ellis S, Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB, Pakenham KI, Perrott C. Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence in patients and survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1649-1660. [PMID: 33928815 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1913756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a common haematological cancer that is comprised of approximately 30 subtypes, of which Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare incurable form. It is typically managed using a watch-and-wait strategy that can contribute to illness uncertainty which may result in fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and poor health-related quality of life (QOL). However, few studies have examined the correlates of FCR and QOL in NHL patients, including WM patients. One-hundred males and 92 females with a mean age of 62.7 years who were an average of 6.8 years from diagnosis completed the online questionnaire which asked about demographics, medical history, QOL, FCR, stress, anxiety and depression. Few NHL patients reported significant stress or affective distress, most had moderate-high QOL and 41% experienced recent FCR, relative to published cut-off scores. Poorer QOL was related to depression symptoms, FCR, higher illness burden (i.e. comorbidity) and fewer personal resources (i.e. unemployed), whereas FCR was related to shorter time since diagnosis and more depressive symptoms. Results suggest that FCR and depressive symptoms may adversely impact QOL, whereas a recent cancer diagnosis and depression-related pessimism may contribute to FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ellis
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rhonda F Brown
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | | | - Colin Perrott
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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9
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Thorsteinsson EB, Shayestehaminzadeh S, Ingason AS, Magnus F, Arnalds UB. Controlling metal-insulator transitions in reactively sputtered vanadium sesquioxide thin films through structure and stoichiometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6273. [PMID: 33737525 PMCID: PMC7973816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {V}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$\end{document}V2O3 thin films grown on c-plane \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {Al}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$\end{document}Al2O3 substrates by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering. Our results reveal three distinct types of films displaying different metal–insulator transitions dependent on the growth conditions. We observe a clear temperature window, spanning 200 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^{\circ }$$\end{document}∘C, where highly epitaxial films of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\hbox {V}_{2}\hbox {O}_{3}$$\end{document}V2O3 can be obtained wherein the transition can be tuned by controlling the amount of interstitial oxygen in the films through the deposition conditions. Although small structural variations are observed within this window, large differences are observed in the electrical properties of the films with strong differences in the magnitude and temperature of the metal–insulator transition which we attribute to small changes in the stoichiometry and local strain in the films. Altering the sputtering power we are able to tune the characteristics of the metal–insulator transition suppressing and shifting the transition to lower temperatures as the power is reduced. Combined results for all the films fabricated for the study show a preferential increase in the a lattice parameter and reduction in the c lattice parameter with reduced deposition temperature with the film deviating from a constant volume unit cell to a higher volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fridrik Magnus
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnar B Arnalds
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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10
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Zochil ML, Thorsteinsson EB. Exploring poor sleep, mental health, and help‐seeking intention in university students. Australian Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina L. Zochil
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia,
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11
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Macdonell GV, Thorsteinsson EB, Bhullar N, Hine DW. Psychological Functioning of Partners of Australian Combat Veterans: Contribution of Veterans' PTSD Symptoms and Partners' Caregiving Distress. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gail V Macdonell
- Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England,
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England,
| | - Navjot Bhullar
- Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England,
| | - Donald W Hine
- Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England,
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12
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McNeil DG, Spittle M, Thorsteinsson EB. Effect of task complexity on ipsilateral motor response programming to physically presented and imagined stimuli. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2020; 74:760-770. [PMID: 33118438 DOI: 10.1177/1747021820973013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether task representation generated in imagery simulates performance demands in reacting to stimuli. This study investigated whether perceptual and motor control processes used to react to unpredictable stimuli and initiate an ipsilateral movement were replicated during imagery. Fifty-nine undergraduate students (Mage = 27.01 years, SD = 8.30) completed 30 simple, two-choice congruent and two-choice incongruent ipsilateral finger-foot movement trials in response to a physically presented or imagined stimulus. The results appear to indicate that participants were reacting to imagined and actual stimuli, as the ipsilateral finger-foot programming rule was maintained and reaction time initially slowed as task difficulty increased. These findings support theoretical similarities between imagery and physical performance of reaction tasks, with imagers generating and reacting to unpredictable stimuli. Slower imagery performance than physical performance on the two-choice incongruent task may indicate that task complexity is limited during imagery. Variation in results between the imagery and physical conditions potentially supports that imagers were able to react to the imagined stimulus. However, exploratory processes used to react to stimuli were not replicated during imagery. The present findings have potentially significant implications for the functional and applied use of imagery for skill acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G McNeil
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Spittle
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Eriksson C, Arnasson AM, Lyyra N, Madsen KR, Torsheim T, Thorsteinsson EB, Välimaa R, Damsgaard MT, Due P. Setting the scene: controversies on trends in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
At present there are different positions regarding trends in adolescent mental health. Can we trust trend data on the mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries? Some question the trustworthiness of adolescent self-reports, which describe ordinary daily hassles as health complaints, which cannot be interpreted as signs of mental disorders. In addition, today there is a more open climate for talking about mental issues, which can lead to an overestimation of the prevalence of mental disorders.
Statistics on mental health services statistics report increased psychopharmaceutic prescriptions as well as consumption of professional care. Such data argues for increased governmental investment in adolescent mental health services. Is this pattern due to increased availability of mental health services and/or increased prevalence of mental health problems in the adolescent population?
A concern is that data availability influences policymaking and allocation of resources. If there is an emphasis on self-reported data from adolescents that may an increased risk of medicalization of young people's dealing with their daily lives. If on the other hand the reported problems among young people is disregarded, this would be against the UN Child Convention.
The survey data has important qualities especially if the data is analysed and reported properly. The validation of survey measure has been done both regarding psychometric quality and content validity. Advanced analysis of the data can draw a more nuanced picture. Moreover, some screening instruments have been developed as a first step towards making diagnosis. Instead the HBSC surveys ask boys and girls about their health and well-being, social environment and health behaviours. HBSC uses findings at national and international levels to gain new insights into young people's health and wellbeing, understand the social determinants of health, and inform policy and practice to improve young people's lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eriksson
- Department of Public Health, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A M Arnasson
- Department of Psychology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - N Lyyra
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - K R Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Torsheim
- Department of Psychosocial Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E B Thorsteinsson
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armisted, Australia
| | - R Välimaa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - M T Damsgaard
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Due
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Janovsky T, Rock AJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Clark GI, Murray CV. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A meta‐analytic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:408-447. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Janovsky
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Rock
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of PsychologyNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Clara V. Murray
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
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15
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Költő A, Cosma A, Moreau N, Young H, Thorsteinsson EB, Gobina I, Godeau E, Saewyc EM, Nic Gabhainn S. Self-Reported Health and Patterns of Romantic Love in Adolescents from Eight European Countries and Regions. LGBT Health 2020; 7:90-100. [PMID: 32053046 PMCID: PMC7138602 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2019.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sexual minority youth (SMY) are at increased risk of poor health, but it remains unclear whether this phenomenon is universal. In this study, nationally representative samples of 15-year olds from eight European countries and regions were investigated to test if adolescents who have been in love with same- or both-gender partners report poorer health than those exclusively in love with opposite-gender partners or who have never been in love. Methods: A subsample of 13,674 adolescents participating in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study was used. We conducted binary logistic regression, adjusted for gender, region, and relative family affluence, to analyze associations between self-reported romantic love, multiple psychosomatic symptoms, and poor self-rated health. Results: Adolescents reporting same-gender love (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.02) and both-gender love (aOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 2.65-4.83) had significantly higher odds for multiple psychosomatic symptoms than those who reported opposite-gender love. Similarly, both SMY groups had higher odds of poor self-rated health (aOR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.64-5.31 and aOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.79-5.31, respectively). Those who reported that they have never been in love had significantly lower odds for multiple symptoms. Adjustment for sociodemographic variables and stratifying by gender did not substantially change the odds ratios. Conclusion: Adolescents in love with same- and both-gender partners reported poorer subjective health outcomes than those in love with opposite-gender partners or who reported never being in love, suggesting that SMY health inequalities are found across various European countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Költő
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alina Cosma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science: Cultural Diversity and Youth, School of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Moreau
- Service d'Information Promotion Education Santé (SIPES), Centre de Recherche “Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et recherche clinique,” Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Honor Young
- The Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Inese Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Elizabeth M. Saewyc
- Stigma and Resilience Among Vulnerable Youth Centre, School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Saoirse Nic Gabhainn
- Health Promotion Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Pinniger R, Thorsteinsson EB, Brown RF, McKinley P. Correction to: Tango Dance Can Reduce Distress and Insomnia in People with Self-Referred Affective Symptoms. Am J Dance Ther 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10465-019-09319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Pearlman JR, Thorsteinsson EB. Psychological flexibility and attitudes toward evidence-based interventions by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6527. [PMID: 30828499 PMCID: PMC6396741 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Declining a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) by people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is often contrary to advice provided by health-care-professionals guided by evidence-based principles. This study proposes relational frame theory (RFT) to offer a viable explanation of this phenomenon. DESIGN A total of 35 people (14 female, 21 male) aged between 34 and 73 years, with ALS, participated in this cross-sectional research. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES This research examined the predictive power and interaction effect of psychological flexibility (the fundamental construct of RFT) and psychological well-being on attitudes toward intervention options. RESULTS Participants with high psychological flexibility reported lower depression, anxiety, and stress, and higher quality of life. In addition, psychological flexibility was predictive of a participant's understanding and acceptance of a PEG as an intervention option. Psychological flexibility was not found to be a significant predictor of understanding and acceptance of NIV. CONCLUSION Although the criterion measure had not been piloted or validated outside of the current study and asks about expected rather than actual acceptance, findings suggest that applied RFT may be helpful for clients with ALS.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Penjor
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | | | - Ian Price
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Natasha M. Loi
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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19
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Thorsteinsson EB, Bhullar N, Williams E, Loi NM. Schizophrenia literacy: the effects of an educational intervention on populations with and without prior health education. J Ment Health 2018; 28:229-237. [PMID: 30445875 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1521923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health literacy is an important predictor of appropriate help-seeking behaviour. AIMS This study investigated (a) the effects of an educational intervention on schizophrenia mental health literacy, beliefs about causes, discrimination, treatment, and attitudes that promote recognition, and (b) whether schizophrenia literacy would be higher in people with prior education in a health-related area than people without such education. METHOD A randomised control design tested the effects of an educational intervention on schizophrenia literacy relative to a control group. Participants (N = 260; mean age = 31.18 years, SD = 11.43, female = 78.8%) answered a mental health literacy questionnaire, based on a vignette of a person with schizophrenia, before and after watching either an educational video on schizophrenia or a control video. RESULTS The intervention significantly increased schizophrenia identification and literacy, reduced personal stigma, and increased perceived discrimination in society. The health background group reported significantly greater schizophrenia identification than the no health background group. Participants thought help should be sought from health care professionals and through psychotherapy, close friends and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Targeted education can significantly improve the ability to identify schizophrenia which may have positive implications for reducing the time individuals take to seek help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navjot Bhullar
- a School of Psychology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- a School of Psychology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Natasha M Loi
- a School of Psychology , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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20
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Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM, Farr K. Changes in stigma and help-seeking in relation to postpartum depression: non-clinical parenting intervention sample. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5893. [PMID: 30425892 PMCID: PMC6230434 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental illness affecting women, and less commonly, men in the weeks and months after giving birth. Despite the high incidence of PPD in Australia, rates for help-seeking remain low, with stigma and discrimination frequently cited as the most common deterrents to seeking help from a professional source. The present study sought to investigate PPD stigma in a sample of parents and to examine the effects of an intervention on stigma and help-seeking behaviour. A total of 212 parents aged 18-71 years (M = 36.88, 194 females) completed measures of personal and perceived PPD stigma and attitudes towards seeking mental health services and were randomly assigned to one of four groups: an intervention group (video documentary or factsheet related to PPD) or a control group (video documentary or factsheet not related to PPD). Results showed that there were no effects for type of intervention on either personal or perceived PPD stigma scores. No effect was found for help-seeking propensity. Males had higher personal PPD stigma than females and older age was associated with lower personal PPD stigma. Familiarity with PPD was associated with perceived PPD stigma in others but not personal PPD stigma. More work needs to be conducted to develop interventions to reduce PPD stigma in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha M. Loi
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathryn Farr
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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21
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Park DS, Rees GJ, Wang H, Rata D, Morris AJ, Maznichenko IV, Ostanin S, Bhatnagar A, Choi CJ, Jónsson RDB, Kaufmann K, Kashtiban R, Walker M, Chiang CT, Thorsteinsson EB, Luo Z, Park IS, Hanna JV, Mertig I, Dörr K, Gíslason HP, McConville CF. Electromagnetic Functionalization of Wide-Bandgap Dielectric Oxides by Boron Interstitial Doping. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1802025. [PMID: 30133008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A surge in interest of oxide-based materials is testimony for their potential utility in a wide array of device applications and offers a fascinating landscape for tuning the functional properties through a variety of physical and chemical parameters. In particular, selective electronic/defect doping has been demonstrated to be vital in tailoring novel functionalities, not existing in the bulk host oxides. Here, an extraordinary interstitial doping effect is demonstrated centered around a light element, boron (B). The host matrix is a novel composite system, made from discrete bulk LaAlO3 :LaBO3 compounds. The findings show a spontaneous ordering of the interstitial B cations within the host LaAlO3 lattices, and subsequent spin-polarized charge injection into the neighboring cations. This leads to a series of remarkable cation-dominated electrical switching and high-temperature ferromagnetism. Hence, the induced interstitial doping serves to transform a nonmagnetic insulating bulk oxide into a ferromagnetic ionic-electronic conductor. This unique interstitial B doping effect upon its control is proposed to be as a general route for extracting/modifying multifunctional properties in bulk oxides utilized in energy and spin-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Park
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz SiLi-nano, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Gregory J Rees
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Haiyuan Wang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Rata
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Andrew J Morris
- School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Igor V Maznichenko
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Sergey Ostanin
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Akash Bhatnagar
- Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz SiLi-nano, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Chel-Jong Choi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kai Kaufmann
- Fraunhofer Center for Silicon Photovoltaics CSP, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Reza Kashtiban
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Marc Walker
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Cheng-Tien Chiang
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Zhengdong Luo
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - In-Sung Park
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - John V Hanna
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ingrid Mertig
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Kathrin Dörr
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Chris F McConville
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- College of Science, Engineering & Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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22
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Keeble CJ, Loi NM, Thorsteinsson EB. Empathy and the Public Perception of Stillbirth and Memory Sharing: An Australian Case. Front Psychol 2018; 9:1629. [PMID: 30233465 PMCID: PMC6127839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Stillbirth devastates families and leaves them struggling to grieve the death of their baby in a society that expects grief symptoms to decrease over time. Previous research has suggested that increased memory sharing opportunities can lead to positive mental health outcomes. The aim of the current study was to examine people’s perceptions of stillbirth as well as the perceived appropriateness of affected parents sharing memories of their child. In addition, we examined whether manipulating empathy would have an effect on people’s perceptions of stillbirth. Method: Participants included 200 Australian men and women 18 to 74 years of age (M = 36.76, SD = 12.59) randomly allocated to one of three experimental conditions (i.e., low empathy, high empathy, and control). The high empathy group watched a video about stillbirth and was instructed to imagine how the people portrayed felt; the low empathy group watched the same video but was instructed to remain detached; and the control group watched an unrelated video. Participants were then asked how much money they would be willing to donate to a fictional stillbirth organization, followed by the completion of questionnaires measuring (a) perceptions of stillbirth, (b) empathy, and (c) the appropriateness of parents sharing memories of a stillborn child with different groups of people over time. Results: The empathy manipulation had an effect on empathy and the willingness to help effected parents (high empathy vs. control). However, empathy did not have an effect on participants’ perceptions toward stillbirth nor appropriateness of sharing memories. The appropriateness of sharing memories decreased as time passed and social distance increased. Discussion: Individuals who have experienced stillbirth need to be aware that societal expectations and their own expectations in relation to sharing memories may not correspond to each other and that they may need to educate their social group about their need to share memories. Removing the taboo surrounding stillbirth is vital for both parents and those to whom they would wish to communicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Keeble
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Natasha M Loi
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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23
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Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM. Attributions Toward Injury in a Military Physical Training Environment. Military Psychology 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/mil0000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England
| | - Natasha M. Loi
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England
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24
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Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB, Smithson M, Birmingham CL, Aljarallah H, Nolan C. Can body temperature dysregulation explain the co-occurrence between overweight/obesity, sleep impairment, late-night eating, and a sedentary lifestyle? Eat Weight Disord 2017; 22:599-608. [PMID: 28929462 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-017-0439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance, night eating, and a sedentary lifestyle are common co-occurring problems. There is a tendency for them to co-occur together more often than they occur alone. In some cases, there is clarity as to the time course and evolution of the phenomena. However, specific mechanism(s) that are proposed to explain a single co-occurrence cannot fully explain the more generalized tendency to develop concurrent symptoms and/or disorders after developing one of the phenomena. Nor is there a clinical theory with any utility in explaining the development of co-occurring symptoms, disorders and behaviour and the mechanism(s) by which they occur. Thus, we propose a specific mechanism-dysregulation of core body temperature (CBT) that interferes with sleep onset-to explain the development of the concurrences. METHODS A detailed review of the literature related to CBT and the phenomena that can alter CBT or are altered by CBT is provided. RESULTS Overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance and certain behaviour (e.g. late-night eating, sedentarism) were linked to elevated CBT, especially an elevated nocturnal CBT. A number of existing therapies including drugs (e.g. antidepressants), behavioural therapies (e.g. sleep restriction therapy) and bright light therapy can also reduce CBT. CONCLUSIONS An elevation in nocturnal CBT that interferes with sleep onset can parsimoniously explain the development and perpetuation of common co-occurring symptoms, disorders and behaviour including overweight/obesity, sleep disturbance, late-night eating, and sedentarism. Nonetheless, a significant correlation between CBT and the above symptoms, disorders and behaviour does not necessarily imply causation. Thus, statistical and methodological issues of relevance to this enquiry are discussed including the likely presence of autocorrelation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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25
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Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM, Rayner K. Self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, and social support: the quality of life of maternal caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3961. [PMID: 29085757 PMCID: PMC5657414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine maternal functioning and wellbeing as important aspects of a family's adaptation to chronic paediatric conditions, in particular, children with diabetes. METHOD This cross-sectional study investigated the difference between the perceived quality of life of mothers of children with diabetes (n = 63) and mothers of children without diabetes (n = 114). The study also examined the role of self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, number of social support providers, and satisfaction with social support in predicting quality of life. RESULTS Mothers who had a child with diabetes had lower quality of life measured by general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health than mothers that did not have a child with diabetes. Self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, and social support were significant predictors of quality of life (mental health domain). CONCLUSION In order to enhance their psychological wellbeing, mothers of children with diabetes require adequate psychosocial support. Other implications for research and potential interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha M Loi
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
| | - Kylie Rayner
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia
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Abstract
As Internet use grows, so do the benefits and also the risks. Thus, it is important to identify when individuals' Internet use is problematic. In the present study, 449 participants aged from 16 to 71 years of age were sourced from a wide range of English-speaking Internet forums, including social media and self-help groups. Of these, 68.9% were classified as nonproblematic users, 24.4% as problematic users, and 6.7% as addictive Internet users. High use of discussion forums, high rumination levels, and low levels of self-care were the main contributing factors to Internet addiction (IA) among adolescents. For adults IA was mainly predicted through engagement in online video gaming and sexual activity, low email use, as well as high anxiety and high avoidant coping. Problematic Internet users scored higher on emotion and avoidance coping responses in adults and higher on rumination and lower on self-care in adolescents. Avoidance coping responses mediated the relationship between psychological distress and IA. These findings may assist clinicians with designing interventions to target different factors associated with IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L McNicol
- Department of Psychology, University of New England , Armidale, Australia
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27
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MacDonell GV, Bhullar N, Thorsteinsson EB. Depression, anxiety, and stress in partners of Australian combat veterans and military personnel: a comparison with Australian population norms. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2373. [PMID: 27635339 PMCID: PMC5012292 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Partners of Australian combat veterans are at an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems. The present study provides a comparative analysis of the mental health of partners of veterans with that of the Australian normative data. To compare different types of groups of partners, the study samples comprised: (a) partners of Australian combat veterans (Sample 1:n= 282, ageM= 60.79,SD= 5.05), (b) a sub-sample of partners of Australian combat veterans from the previous sample (Sample 2:n= 50;M= 60.06,SD= 4.80), (c) partners of Special Air Services Regiment (SASR) personnel (Sample 3:n= 40, ageM= 34.39SD= 7.01), and (d) partners of current serving military (non-SASR) personnel (Sample 4:n= 38, ageM= 32.37,SD= 6.20). Respondents completed measures assessing their reported levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Samples 1 and 2 comprised partners of Australian military veterans who reported significantly greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress than the comparative population norms. The sample of SASR personnel partners (Sample 3) reported significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety, whereas the sample with non-SASR personnel partners (Sample 4) reported a significantly greater stress symptomatology than the comparative norms. Number of deployments was found to be associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in partners of non-SASR veterans (Sample 4). Lessons and protective factors can be learnt from groups within the current military as to what may assist partners and families to maintain a better level of psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail V. MacDonell
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Navjot Bhullar
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- Psychology-School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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28
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Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM, Breadsell D. The effect of weight controllability beliefs on prejudice and self-efficacy. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1764. [PMID: 26966679 PMCID: PMC4782717 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to test for the presence of prejudice towards obesity and whether weight controllability beliefs information reduces this prejudice and impacts on a person’s own healthy eating self-efficacy. The experiment randomly allocated 346 participants (49 males) into one of three conditions: controllable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about personal control about diet and exercise); uncontrollable contributors toward obesity condition (e.g., information about genes, factors in society); and a control condition with no information given. Prejudice was present in 81% of the sample. High prejudice was predicted by low self-efficacy for exercise and weight. Weight controllability beliefs information had no significant effect on prejudice levels or exercise or healthy eating self-efficacy levels. Future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Psychology/School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Natasha M Loi
- Psychology/School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - Dana Breadsell
- Psychology/School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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Abstract
The present study evaluated the level of support and satisfaction among parents of stillborn babies in Australian hospitals. One-hundred and eighty-nine mothers and fathers completed an online survey designed by the researcher based on the guidelines designed by the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand. Support was inconsistent with guidelines implemented on average only 55% of the time. Areas of support regarding creating memories, birth options and autopsy were most problematic. A significant positive correlation was found between support and satisfaction and there is indication that there has been some increase in support and satisfaction over time. There has been a significant increase in both support and satisfaction since the release of the guidelines in 2009. Creating memories was regarded by parents as the most influential to their grief. It is recommended that health professionals review guidelines and seek feedback from parents as to how they can improve the support they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie L. Basile
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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30
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Gibbons RJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM. Beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness: an examination of the sex differences in mental health literacy in a community sample. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1004. [PMID: 26413429 PMCID: PMC4581769 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. The current study investigated mental health literacy in an Australian sample to examine sex differences in the identification of and attitudes towards various aspects of mental illness. Method. An online questionnaire was completed by 373 participants (M = 34.87 years). Participants were randomly assigned either a male or female version of a vignette depicting an individual exhibiting the symptoms of one of three types of mental illness (depression, anxiety, or psychosis) and asked to answer questions relating to aspects of mental health literacy. Results. Males exhibited poorer mental health literacy skills compared to females. Males were less likely to correctly identify the type of mental illness, more likely to rate symptoms as less serious, to perceive the individual as having greater personal control over such symptoms, and less likely to endorse the need for treatment for anxiety or psychosis. Conclusion. Generally, the sample was relatively proficient at correctly identifying mental illness but overall males displayed poorer mental health literacy skills than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Gibbons
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , NSW , Australia
| | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , NSW , Australia
| | - Natasha M Loi
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England , NSW , Australia
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Arnarsson A, Sveinbjornsdottir S, Thorsteinsson EB, Bjarnason T. Suicidal risk and sexual orientation in adolescence: a population-based study in Iceland. Scand J Public Health 2015; 43:497-505. [PMID: 25964125 DOI: 10.1177/1403494815585402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Suicidality is an important public health problem, particularly among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents and young adults. The purpose of the present study is to compare the rate of suicide ideations and attempts among LGB adolescent to that of non-LGB adolescents in a population-based sample, and to identify important protective factors as well as risk factors Method: We used the Icelandic data set from the 2009/2010 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. The sample consisted of 3813 grade 10 Icelandic adolescents; 1876 girls and 1937 boys. The participants were asked about attraction and/or activity, as well as about suicidal ideation and/or attempts. The questionnaire also included various other items regarding health and lifestyle. RESULTS LGB adolescents were five to six times more likely to have had frequent suicidal ideations. Factors that were associated with less suicide ideations and fewer attempts were easy communication and liking school. The LGB girls were six times more likely to have had frequent suicide attempts, whilst the LGB boys were 17 times more likely to have attempted suicide that often. No specific protective or risk factors were identified for suicidality in LGB adolescents other than bullying. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents that had engaged in heterosexual activity and those that had LGB attraction had similarly heightened risk for suicidality, but sexually active LGB adolescents were far more likely to have suicidal ideations or to have attempted suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Einar B Thorsteinsson
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Park DS, Vasheghani Farahani SK, Walker M, Mudd JJ, Wang H, Krupski A, Thorsteinsson EB, Seghier D, Choi CJ, Youn CJ, McConville CF. Recrystallization of highly-mismatched Be(x)Zn(1-x)O alloys: formation of a degenerate interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:18758-18768. [PMID: 25289707 DOI: 10.1021/am5043388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effect of thermally induced phase transformations on a metastable oxide alloy film, a multiphase Be(x)Zn(1-x)O (BZO), grown on Al2O3(0001) substrate for annealing temperatures in the range of 600-950 °C. A pronounced structural transition is shown together with strain relaxation and atomic redistribution in the annealed films. Increasing annealing temperature initiates out-diffusion and segregation of Be and subsequent nucleation of nanoparticles at the surface, corresponding to a monotonic decrease in the lattice phonon energies and band gap energy of the films. Infrared reflectance simulations identify a highly conductive ZnO interface layer (thicknesses in the range of ≈ 10-29 nm for annealing temperatures ≥ 800 °C). The highly degenerate interface layers with temperature-independent carrier concentration and mobility significantly influence the electronic and optical properties of the BZO films. A parallel conduction model is employed to determine the carrier concentration and conductivity of the bulk and interface regions. The density-of-states-averaged effective mass of the conduction electrons for the interfaces is calculated to be in the range of 0.31 m0 and 0.67 m0. A conductivity as high as 1.4 × 10(3) S · cm(-1) is attained, corresponding to the carrier concentration n(Int) = 2.16 × 10(20) cm(-3) at the interface layers, and comparable to the highest conductivities achieved in highly doped ZnO. The origin of such a nanoscale degenerate interface layer is attributed to the counter-diffusion of Be and Zn, rendering a high accumulation of Zn interstitials and a giant reduction of charge-compensating defects. These observations provide a broad understanding of the thermodynamics and phase transformations in Be(x)Zn(1-x)O alloys for the application of highly conductive and transparent oxide-based devices and fabrication of their alloy nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sung Park
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Thorsteinsson EB, Brown RF, Richards C. The Relationship between Work-Stress, Psychological Stress and Staff Health and Work Outcomes in Office Workers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2014.510141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Thorsteinsson EB, Loi NM, Moulynox AL. Mental Health Literacy of Depression and Postnatal Depression: A Community Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojd.2014.33014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Recent research shows that tango dance is an absorbing and effective strategy to reduce levels of depression, while also increasing well-being. This study investigates the feasibility, acceptability, and adherence to a tango programme for individuals with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Depression is closely intertwined with the ARMD diagnosis, since the loss of central vision has a profoundly negative impact on the person’s quality of life. Seventeen participants were randomised to tango dance (1.5 h, 2 times/week for 4 weeks) or wait-list control condition. Demographic questions and Visual Function Questionnaire were taken at pre-test. Self-rated symptoms of depression, self-esteem, and satisfaction-with-life were assessed at pre-test and post-test. Tango group participants showed significant reductions in depression and significantly increased satisfaction-with-life and self-esteem at post-test relative to the controls, and reported physical improvement, including increased balance. Tango dance was demonstrated to be a feasible and positive activity for this population.
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Croft C, Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB, Noble W. Development of the Tinnitus response scales: factor analyses, subscale reliability and validity analyses. Int Tinnitus J 2013; 18:45-56. [PMID: 24995899 DOI: 10.5935/0946-5448.20130007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients suffering with tinnitus are often advised to accept the noise, but few studies have examined what tinnitus acceptance entails. The present project developed and tested a new instrument to assess the mindfulnessbased constructs of acceptance, control, and defeat, in relation to the experience of chronic tinnitus. METHOD Initial scale development involved an expert panel. Participants were recruited from the general population and tinnitus support organizations and complete the first version of the Tinnitus Response Scales (TRS) and measures of tinnitus coping, severity and distress, general distress, illness cognitions, and tinnitus and health characteristics. RESULTS Three interpretable TRS factors were found: acceptance, control and defeat (an Internet sample, N = 273) and confirmed using another sample (hard-copy sample, N = 278). Factors were shown to have high internal consistency and testretest reliabilities and differed in terms of their related cognitions, behaviour, and emotional responses to tinnitus, and their tinnitus characteristics. CONCLUSION The TRS factors provide an alternative conceptualisation of tinnitus responding. TRS is a brief psychometrically valid measure of tinnitus responding that appears to distinguish between adaptive and non-adaptive responses to tinnitus noise, and should prove useful as a clinical measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Croft
- School of Behavioral, Cognitive and Social Sciences - University of New England - Armidale - Australia.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tinnitus habituation and tinnitus acceptance both describe an apparent lack of responding to tinnitus noise. However, no prior studies have evaluated the possible overlap between tinnitus habituation and acceptance processes in chronic tinnitus sufferers. OBJECTIVES We examined responses to the seven acceptance items from the Tinnitus Response Scales (TRS) along with 19 items that tapped the perceptual/behavioural aspects of tinnitus habituation. MATERIALS AND METHODS A large sample of chronic tinnitus sufferers (n = 273) were recruited via advertisements placed at tinnitus clinics and websites and in the media. They were asked to complete an online survey asking about their tinnitus history and recent experiences of tinnitus habituation, sensitization to tinnitus noise, and tinnitus acceptance, and distress. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis showed that a single factor solution explained 40% of the variance in the scale items. Acceptance and tinnitus habituation (vs. sensitization) subscale scores were highly negatively correlated with each other. CONCLUSION Tinnitus acceptance and tinnitus habituation may describe related cognitive and perceptual/behavioral aspects of tinnitus adaptation. That is in this study, tinnitus-habituation items tapped perceptual awareness and behavioral responses to tinnitus, whereas tinnitus acceptance items tapped cognitive responses to the noise (i.e. lack of need to respond to the noise).
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Thorsteinsson EB, Ryan SM, Sveinbjornsdottir S. The Mediating Effects of Social Support and Coping on the Stress-Depression Relationship in Rural and Urban Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojd.2013.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pinniger R, Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB, McKinley P. Argentine tango dance compared to mindfulness meditation and a waiting-list control: a randomised trial for treating depression. Complement Ther Med 2012; 20:377-84. [PMID: 23131367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether tango dancing is as effective as mindfulness meditation in reducing symptoms of psychological stress, anxiety and depression, and in promoting well-being. DESIGN This study employed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple regression analysis. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-seven people with self-declared depression were randomised into tango dance or mindfulness meditation classes, or to control/waiting-list. SETTING classes were conducted in a venue suitable for both activities in the metropolitan area of Sydney, Australia. INTERVENTIONS Participants completed six-week programmes (1½h/week of tango or meditation). The outcome measures were assessed at pre-test and post-test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; The Self Esteem Scale; Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. RESULTS Sixty-six participants completed the program and were included in the statistical analysis. Depression levels were significantly reduced in the tango (effect size d=0.50, p=.010), and meditation groups (effect size d=0.54, p=.025), relative to waiting-list controls. Stress levels were significantly reduced only in the tango group (effect size d=0.45, p=.022). Attending tango classes was a significant predictor for the increased levels of mindfulness R(2)=.10, adjusted R(2)=.07, F (2,59)=3.42, p=.039. CONCLUSION Mindfulness-meditation and tango dance could be effective complementary adjuncts for the treatment of depression and/or inclusion in stress management programmes. Subsequent trials are called to explore the therapeutic mechanisms involved.
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Wells L, Thorsteinsson EB, Brown RF. Control cognitions and causal attributions as predictors of fatigue severity in a community sample. J Soc Psychol 2012; 152:185-98. [PMID: 22468420 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2011.586655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Control cognitions and causal attributions of fatigue were examined in relation to Weiner's Causal Attribution theory in a community sample. Participants were 97 females and 43 males, aged 18-83 years. Weiner's dimensions of stability and uncontrollability and physical and psychosocial attributions of fatigue were related to fatigue severity. Escape-avoidance coping mediated between psychosocial causal attributions of fatigue to fatigue; whereas planful problem-solving and exercise moderated between stability cognitions to fatigue and psychosocial attributions of fatigue to fatigue, respectively. This, the cause(s) of fatigue were perceived as stable, uncontrollable, and involving physical and psychosocial factors, participants reported worse fatigue. Taken together, the results suggest that fatigue treatments may be most effective when they are tailored or matched to the belief systems of the individuals with fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Wells
- University of New England, School of Psychology, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Mutkins E, Brown RF, Thorsteinsson EB. Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support staff. J Intellect Disabil Res 2011; 55:500-510. [PMID: 21418365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staff providing support to people with intellectual disabilities are exposed to stressful work environments which may put them at an increased risk of burnout. A small prior literature has examined predictors of burnout in disability support staff, but there is little consensus. In this study, we examined direct and indirect associations between work stressors (i.e. challenging client behaviour), staff emotional response to the behaviour (i.e. perceived stress, anxiety, depression), social and organisational support resources, and staff burnout. METHODS A short survey examined client behaviour, staff psychological stress, anxiety, depression, social support (number, satisfaction), organisational support and burnout in 80 disability support staff in a community setting. RESULTS Burnout levels were similar to or slightly lower than normed values for human services staff. Cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that depression symptoms and organisational support were related to worse emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, whereas less social support was related to less personal accomplishment. Social support satisfaction (but not social support number or organisational support) moderated between high psychological stress to less emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that depression symptoms and low organisational support were frequently concurrent with burnout symptoms. Furthermore, worker's personal and organisational supports may have helped bolster their sense of personal accomplishment, and buffered against the potential for emotional exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mutkins
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and alcohol involvement has been investigated by numerous studies. The present meta-analysis analyzed the findings of these studies. The meta-analysis, based on 16 effect sizes from 11 studies with a total of 2,271 participants, showed that lower EI was significantly related to higher alcohol involvement, r = -.18. Lower EI was significantly associated with both alcohol-related problems, r = -.32 and level of alcohol use, r = -.10, but the association was significantly higher with alcohol-use-related problems. The results suggest that future research would most profitably examine the role of EI in alcohol consumption-related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peterson
- Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Schutte NS, Thorsteinsson EB, Hine DW, Foster R, Cauchi A, Binns C. Experiential and rational processing styles, emotional intelligence and wellbeing. Australian Journal of Psychology 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530903312865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola S. Schutte
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Einar B. Thorsteinsson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donald W. Hine
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roxanne Foster
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avril Cauchi
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Caroline Binns
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Schutte NS, Bhullar N, Rooke SE. The Five-Factor Model of personality and relationship satisfaction of intimate partners: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Coventry WL, Medland SE, Wray NR, Thorsteinsson EB, Heath AC, Byrne B. Phenotypic and discordant-monozygotic analyses of stress and perceived social support as antecedents to or sequelae of risk for depression. Twin Res Hum Genet 2010; 12:469-88. [PMID: 19803775 DOI: 10.1375/twin.12.5.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The associations between social support and depression, and between stress and depression have been the subject of considerable research, and although this has included longitudinal designs, these have rarely controlled for genetic effects that mediate these associations. The sample comprised 7,356 female and 4,882 male participants aged 18-95 from the Australian NHMRC Twin Registry (ATR). Of these, between 100 and 324 female pairs and between 41 and 169 male pairs, depending on the measure, were monozygotic (MZ) pairs discordant for depression. We use the co-twin control design in combination with prospective analyses to explore the association between a composite of predictors (perceived social support, stress, and support x stress) and depression. With familial effects included, both perceived support and stress were antecedents to, and sequelae of, depression, but no stress-buffering occurred. With familial effects controlled, stress was a sequela of a prior depressive episode, and neither lack of support nor stress were antecedents to depression, though their interaction approached significance for males. The male twin who later became depressed had previously reported lower perceived support in the face of multiple stressors compared to his co-twin who did not become depressed. We show that associations commonly observed with prospective designs are partly due to familial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Coventry
- School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.
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Myall BR, Hine DW, Marks AD, Thorsteinsson EB, Brechman-Toussaint M, Samuels CA. Assessing individual differences in perceived vulnerability in older adults. Personality and Individual Differences 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rooke SE, Hine DW, Thorsteinsson EB. Implicit cognition and substance use: a meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2008; 33:1314-28. [PMID: 18640788 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of 89 effect sizes based on the responses of 19,930 participants was conducted to estimate the magnitude of the relationship between substance-related implicit cognitions and the use of legal and illegal substances. The analysis produced a weighted average effect size of r=.31. Moderation analyses revealed significant heterogeneity in effect sizes related to facet of implicit cognition, measurement strategy, sample composition, and substance type. The largest effect sizes were found in studies that assessed implicit semantic associations, employed word association measures, and focused on marijuana use. The findings suggest that implicit cognition is a reliable predictor of substance use, although effect sizes vary as a function of several methodological factors.
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Malouff JM, Thorsteinsson EB, Rooke SE, Bhullar N, Schutte NS. Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: A meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2008; 28:736-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack E. James
- a School of Psychological Science , La Trobe University
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