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Garbeloto F, Maia J, Barreira TV, Hedeker D, Chaput JP, Garganta R, Farias C, Santos R, Stodden DF, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Pereira S. Is there an association between proficiency in fundamental movement skills and mderate-to-vigorous physical activity in childhood on weekdays and weekends? The REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24085. [PMID: 38622994 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study probes into the association between children's fundamental movement skills (FMS) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during weekdays and weekends. METHODS This cross-sectional sample included 1014 children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. Physical activity was assessed with accelerometry, and five FMS (stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll) were assessed with the digital platform Meu Educativo®. Three groups were formed based on the frequency of FMS that each child mastered: group 1 (wizard level in four or five FMS); group 2 (wizard level in two or three FMS); and group 3 (wizard level in at most one skill). Multilevel models were used to analyze the data treating children (level-1) nested within schools (level-2). RESULTS Compared to group 1, groups 2 (-12.9 ± 2.3 min day-1) and 3 (-23.9 ± 2.4 min day-1) were less physically active during weekdays and weekends (group 2: -14.7 ± 2.7 min day-1 and group 3: -22.4 ± 2.9 min day-1), independent of age and sex. There was a decline in MVPA during the weekend. Further, on average, boys were more active than girls, and with increasing age, children were less active. CONCLUSION On average, children with higher FMS levels are generally more physically active than their peers with lower FMS levels. Even though MVPA tends to decline on weekends, FMS proficiency is a significant factor in maintaining 60 min of MVPA on weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garbeloto
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
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Maia J, Santos C, Pereira S, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Cruz H, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Katzmarzyk PT. A multivariate multilevel approach to unravel the associations between individual and school factors on children's motor performance in the REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24080. [PMID: 38562064 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to (1) estimate the relationship between physical fitness (PF) and object control fundamental movement skills (FMS), (2) identify child characteristics that relate with PF and FMS, and (3) examine associations between the school environment, PF, and FMS. METHODS The sample included 1014 Portuguese children aged 6-10 years from the REACT project. PF was assessed via running speed, shuttle run, standing long jump, handgrip, and the PACER test. Object control FMS were assessed with stationary dribble, kick, catch, overhand throw, and underhand roll. Test performances were transformed into z-scores, and their sum was expressed as overall PF and FMS. Child-level variables included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, accelerometer-measured sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and socioeconomic status (SES). School size, physical education classes, practice areas, and equipment were also assessed. RESULTS Approximately, 90% of the variance in object control PF and FMS was at the child level, and 10% at the school level. The correlation between PF and object control FMS was .62, which declined to .43 with the inclusion of covariates. Older, more active, and higher SES children had higher object control PF and FMS, and boys outperformed girls. BMI was negatively associated with PF but not with object control FMS. Sedentary time and number of physical education classes were not significant predictors. Most school predictors did not jointly associate with PF and object control FMS. CONCLUSION PF and object control FMS z-scores were moderately related. Not all child characteristics were associated with both PF and object control FMS, and their effect sizes were different. School characteristics only explained 10% of the total variation in PF and object control FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cruz
- Matosinhos City-Hall, Division of Innovation, Education and Pedagogy, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Pereira S, Katzmarzyk PT, Garbeloto F, Chaput JP, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Borges R, Garganta R, Santos C, Farias C, Stodden DF, Tani G, Maia J. Individual and school correlates of body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness in primary school children from the REACT project: A multivariate multilevel analysis. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24065. [PMID: 38476020 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper examines the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) using a multivariate multilevel approach and investigates the links between individual and school-related correlates with children's BMI and CRF. METHODS This cross-sectional sample included 1014 children (6-10 years) from 25 Portuguese primary schools. BMI was calculated, and CRF was assessed with the PACER test. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) included five object control tasks. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep, and sedentary time were assessed with the ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer. Socioeconomic status (SES) and school variables were also obtained. A multivariate multilevel model was used, and alpha was set at 5%. RESULTS BMI and CRF systematically increased with age. Most of the joint variance (94.4%) was explained at the child level, and BMI and CRF were correlated at this level (ρ = -.37). More active children demonstrated higher CRF levels and had lower BMI levels; sedentary and sleep time were not significantly associated with BMI or CRF. FMS were positively associated with CRF but were not significantly associated with BMI. Children at higher SES were more fit and had lower BMI than their peers of lower SES. Finally, school-level variables were not significantly related to BMI and CRF. CONCLUSION BMI and CRF had a low but statistically significant negative correlation in this sample of children. Most of the variation in BMI and CRF was explained by child-level characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Exercise Science Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Renata Borges
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Educational and Developmental Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Daca T, Prista A, Farinatti P, Maia Pacheco M, Drews R, Manyanga T, Damasceno A, Tani G. Biopsychosocial Effects of a Conventional Exercise Program and Culturally Relevant Activities in Older Women From Mozambique. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:51-58. [PMID: 37883628 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM This randomized controlled trial compared the effects of a Conventional Exercise Program (CEP) and Culturally Relevant Activities (CRA) on body mass, cardiovascular risk, functional fitness (strength, flexibility, cardiorespiratory fitness, and agility), self-efficacy, and self-esteem in older women dwelling in Mozambique. METHODS Fifty-seven women (67 [7] y) underwent 60-minute sessions of CEP (n = 28) or CRA (n = 29) performed 3 days per week for 12 weeks. CRA included Mozambican traditional dances and games (intensity corresponding to scores 3-4 of BORG-CR10 scale), and CEP included 20-minute stationary cycling (65%-75% heart rate reserve) and a resistance training circuit (8 exercises, 15-repetition maximum). RESULTS CEP and CRA (P < .05) showed increased percent fat (3.4% and 5.3%), waist circumference (3.3% and 5.8%), and cardiorespiratory fitness (14.4% and 9.4%), and decreased triglycerides (-20.0% and -77.8%). In CEP (P < .05), body mass (2.9%), body mass index (3.2%), and high-density lipoprotein (10.0%) increased, while glycemia (-4.8%) and total cholesterol (-9.8%) decreased. Blood pressure slightly increased in CEP (6.2%, P > .05) and CRA (4.3%, P < .05). Self-efficacy and self-esteem increased to similar levels in both groups (15%, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS CEP and CRA were capable to improve biopsychosocial health-related variables in Mozambican older women. Culturally referenced PA interventions should be considered as an alternative in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timóteo Daca
- Research Group of Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Pedagogical University of Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Antônio Prista
- Research Group of Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Pedagogical University of Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Drews
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Taru Manyanga
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Albertino Damasceno
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chaput JP, Pereira S, Katzmarzyk PT, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Stodden DF, Maia J. Sleep and fundamental movement skills in primary schoolchildren: The REACT project. Am J Hum Biol 2023:e24019. [PMID: 37990287 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether sleep is related to fundamental movement skills (FMS) in the pediatric population is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the association between sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency, regularity) and FMS proficiency levels in school-aged children. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 996 children (mean age: 8.3 ± 1.2 years) from 25 of the 32 primary schools in Matosinhos, northern Portugal. Data collection occurred between January and June 2022. Sleep was assessed using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer worn on the wrist for 7 consecutive days. FMS proficiency levels were assessed in the schools with a new digital platform (Meu Educativo®) that evaluated five object control skills (dribble, kick, catch, throw, and underhand roll), with a total score ranging between 5 and 15. Multilevel ordinal logistic regression was used to test the associations between sleep characteristics and FMS proficiency levels. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index z-score, socioeconomic status, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. RESULTS The results showed that sleep characteristics (duration, efficiency, and regularity) were not related to FMS proficiency. Being a boy, older age, and higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels were all significantly associated with better FMS proficiency levels. There were no significant sex-by-age interactions. CONCLUSION Sleep was not found to be related to FMS performance in children. This finding suggests that sleep is not a good correlate of FMS proficiency levels in school-aged children, and attention should be dedicated to other more important factors such as skill-learning-specific physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education & Athletic Training, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Hedeker D, Pereira S, Garbeloto F, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Tani G, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Maia J, Katzmarzyk PT. Statistical analysis of the longitudinal fundamental movement skills data in the REACT project using the multilevel ordinal logistic model. Am J Hum Biol 2023:e24015. [PMID: 37982324 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this article, our goal is to describe statistical analysis of the longitudinal ordinal motor development data that was obtained from these children using the multilevel ordinal logistic model. METHODS Longitudinal ordinal data are often collected in studies on motor development. For example, children or adolescents might be rated as having poor, good, or excellent performance levels in fundamental movement skills, and such ratings may be obtained yearly over time to assess changes in fundamental movement skills levels of performance. However, such longitudinal ordinal data are often analyzed using either methods for continuous outcomes, or by dichotomizing the ordinal outcome and using methods for binary data. These approaches are not optimal, and so we describe in detail the use of the multilevel ordinal logistic model for analysis of such data from the REACT project. Our intent is to provide an accessible description and application of this model for analysis of ordinal motor development data. DISCUSSION Our analyses show both the between-subjects and within-subjects effects of age on motor development outcomes across three timepoints. The between-subjects effect of age indicate that children that are older have higher motor development ratings, relative to thoese that are younger, whereas the within-subject effect of age indicates higher motor development ratings as a child ages. It is the latter effect that is particularly of interest in longitudinal studies of motor development, and an important advantage of using the multilevel ordinal logistic model relative to more traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Garbeloto F, Pereira S, Tani G, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Garganta R, Hedeker D, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Validity and reliability of Meu Educativo®: A new tool to assess fundamental movement skills in school-aged children. Am J Hum Biol 2023:e24011. [PMID: 37962092 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence showing that children's proficiency in fundamental movement skills (FMS) is positively related to weight status, physical activity, fitness levels, cognitive development, as well as academic performance. Yet, the feasibility of FMS assessment is challenging, especially with relatively large samples of children. This article presents a new tool named Meu Educativo® to assess children's FMS levels, including its validity and reliability. METHODS We relied on the validity evidence approach based on test content to develop the FMS assessment checklist and the rating system with a team of experts. In this article, we used five FMS (stationary dribbling, kick, overhand throw, catch the ball, and underhand roll). Further, we conducted a series of reliability studies and used percent agreement and Cohen's kappa (κ) as statistics. RESULTS Experts agreed highly on the checklist's components in the five FMS. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.63 for stationary dribbling to 0.93 for overhand throw, and the intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.46 to 0.94. CONCLUSION Based on the first results, Meu Educativo® was not only easy to use, but was also a reliable tool for FMS assessments. Notwithstanding the need for future studies, Meu Educativo® is a new tool that can be used by teachers, coaches, and motor development specialists dealing with school-aged children and researchers working with large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Pereira S, Katzmarzyk PT, Hedeker D, Barreira TV, Garganta R, Farias C, Garbeloto F, Tani G, Chaput JP, Stodden DF, Maia J. Background, rationale, and methodological overview of the REACT project-return-to-action on growth, motor development, and health after the COVID-19 pandemic in primary school children. Am J Hum Biol 2023. [PMID: 37489725 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this introductory article, the first of the Journal's special issue dedicated to REACT, our goal was to present the project rationale, its methodology, training and certification of the team, statistical approach, quality control, governance, and study management. METHODS We sampled 1000 children (6-10 years of age) from 25 of the 32 primary schools in Matosinhos, northern Portugal. The protocol included a set of variables clustered around the child (growth, physical fitness, fundamental movement skills, and health behaviors), family (demographics, socioeconomic status, parental support for sports participation and physical activity), school (policies and practices for health behaviors, infrastructure for physical education and sports practices), and neighborhood and home environments (safety, sidewalks, sports facilities, as well as children electronic devices and play equipment at home). A set of standard protocols were implemented in REACT together with a rigorous system of training and certification of all members of the research team. This was complemented with a pilot study to assess, in loco, the quality of data acquisition, data entry, and control. DISCUSSION Results from REACT will provide school administrators and teachers with novel and far-reaching information related to children's growth and motor development as well as health behaviors after the COVID-19 pandemic. It will also provide city-hall education officials with insight regarding children's physical fitness, fundamental movement skills, and sports practices that will be of great importance in devising novel intervention programs to increase health-enhancing physical activity, and combat sedentariness and obesity. Finally, it will offer parents a wealth of information regarding their children's growth, motor development, and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudio Farias
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David F Stodden
- Department of Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Santos C, Maia J, Pereira S, Vasconcelos O, Garganta R, Lightfoot JT, Tani G, Hedeker D, Katzmarzyk PT, Bustamante A. Sibling Resemblance in Physical Activity Levels: The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4210. [PMID: 36901221 PMCID: PMC10001479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with a host of positive health outcomes and is shaped by both genetic and environmental factors. We aim to: (1) estimate sibling resemblance in two physical activity phenotypes [total number of steps∙day-1 and minutes for moderate steps per day (min∙day-1)]; and (2) investigate the joint associations of individual characteristics and shared natural environment with intra-pair sibling similarities in each phenotype. We sampled 247 biological siblings from 110 nuclear families, aged 6-17 years, from three Peruvian regions. Physical activity was measured using pedometers and body mass index was calculated. In general, non-significant variations in the intraclass correlation coefficients were found after adjustment for individual characteristics and geographical area for both phenotypes. Further, no significant differences were found between the three sib-ship types. Sister-sister pairs tended to take fewer steps than brother-brother (β = -2908.75 ± 954.31). Older siblings tended to walk fewer steps (β = -81.26 ± 19.83), whereas body mass index was not associated with physical activity. Siblings living at high-altitude and in the Amazon region had higher steps/day (β = 2508.92 ± 737.94; β = 2213.11 ± 776.63, respectively) compared with their peers living at sea-level. In general, we found no influence of sib-types, body mass index, and/or environment on the two physical activity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Garganta
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - J. Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru
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10
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Santos C, Pereira S, Vasconcelos O, Tani G, Hedeker D, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J, Bustamante A. Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Peruvian Children Living at High-Altitude. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:3236. [PMID: 36833932 PMCID: PMC9958918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The physical fitness of children is an important marker of health, and monitoring its temporal changes provides important information for developing interventions. We aimed to: (1) describe secular trends in physical fitness across age, within each sex, in Peruvian schoolchildren; and (2) verify if these trends are also present when adjusted for changes in height and weight. We sampled 1590 children (707 in 2009; 883 in 2019), aged 6-11 years. Physical fitness was assessed with four tests from the EUROFIT battery. ANOVA and ANCOVA statistical models were used. Results showed that with increasing age, girls and boys were significantly stronger in all PF tests, except for the case of flexibility in girls. In 2019, girls were stronger (handgrip) and more flexible than in 2009; but lower values were evident in standing long jumps in both sexes. Age-by-year interactions were statistically significant for agility in both sexes, with significant differences occurring at different ages. These trends did not change when adjusted for temporal changes in height and weight. Our research provides important data for local governments to implement public policies and practices to improve physical fitness levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, and Exercise and Health (CIDEFES), Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60007, USA
| | | | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru
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11
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Reyes A, Chaves R, Vasconcelos O, Pereira S, Tani G, Stodden D, Hedeker D, Maia J, Baxter-Jones A. Modeling the Dynamics of Children's Musculoskeletal Fitness. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2938. [PMID: 36833635 PMCID: PMC9958810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study models children's musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) developmental trajectories and identifies individual differences related to effects of time-invariant, as well as time-varying covariates. A total of 348 Portuguese children (177 girls) from six age cohorts were followed for three years. MSF tests (handgrip strength, standing long jump and shuttle run), age, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), gross motor coordination (GMC) and physical activity (PA) were assessed. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. Between 5 and 11 years of age, boys outperformed girls in all three MSF tests (p < 0.05). Birth weight was positively associated with shuttle run performance (β = -0.18 ± 0.09, p < 0.05). BMI was positively associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.35 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and shuttle run performance (β = 0.06 ± 0.01, p < 0.001), but negatively associated with standing long jump performance (β = -0.93 ± 0.23, p < 0.001). GMC was positively associated (p < 0.001) with all three MSF tests, while PA was associated with standing long jump (β = 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.05) and shuttle run (β = -0.003 ± 0.002, p < 0.05) performance only. No school environment effects were found, and SES was not related to any MSF tests. Children's MSF development showed a curvilinear shape with increasing age, with boys outperforming girls. Weight status and physical behavior characteristics predicted MSF development, while environmental variables did not. Examining potential longitudinal predictors of MSF across multiple dimensions is important to gain a more holistic understanding of children's physical development as well as to future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Reyes
- Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes (ISMAT), 8500-724 Portimão, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology of Paraná, Curitiba 80230-901, Brazil
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física, Exercício e Saúde (CIDEFES), Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - David Stodden
- Physical Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - José Maia
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada
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Garbeloto F, Miarka B, Guimarães E, Gomes FRF, Tagusari FI, Tani G. A New Developmental Approach for Judo Focusing on Health, Physical, Motor, and Educational Attributes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2260. [PMID: 36767628 PMCID: PMC9916334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Judo is currently the most practiced combat sport in the world. There is no doubt of its importance for children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. However, due to its inherent complexity, coaches tend to place greater or lesser emphasis only on one of its multiple domains during the judoka formative years. The present study presents a novel developmental approach signaling Judo as an excellent way for physical, motor, educational, and health development across the lifespan. In this study, we consulted 23 Judo coaches, aiming to clarify the relevance and adequacy of the domains (Competitive, Health, Technical-Tactical, and Philosophical-Educational) and phases of the proposed model. Our findings showed that the model contents-physical, motor, educational, and health-are entwined with its four domains, which were considered of utmost importance by experts in the development of judokas. We, therefore, contend that our model is essential to better understand the growth and development of young judokas. Also, it may be a useful tool for Motor Development experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garbeloto
- Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bianca Miarka
- Department of Fights, School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Guimarães
- Centre of Research Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Fernando Ikeda Tagusari
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
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13
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Pereira S, Reyes AC, Chaves R, Santos C, Vasconcelos O, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Baxter-Jones A, Maia J. Correlates of the Physical Activity Decline during Childhood. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:2129-2137. [PMID: 35941524 PMCID: PMC9669110 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe longitudinal trends in children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and to investigate associations with individual, familial, and school characteristics. METHODS A sample of 341 Portuguese children age 5-10 yr (173 girls) from six age cohorts was followed over 3 yr using a mixed-longitudinal design. Physical activity, body mass index (BMI), gross motor coordination, and musculoskeletal fitness were assessed annually. Information on socioeconomic status and school characteristics was collected and analyzed with mixed models. RESULTS MVPA shows a similar declining trend in both sexes, but on average, boys exceeded the World Health Organization recommendations of 60 min·d -1 . The best model showed that boys spend, on average, more time in MVPA than girls. Children with lower BMI are less prone to the decline in MVPA, whereas higher levels of musculoskeletal fitness were associated with lower declines in MVPA. Of all school characteristics, only playground dimension was related to MVPA decreasing trajectories. CONCLUSIONS MVPA systematically declines from 5 to 10 yr of age in both boys and girls, but boys remained more active than girls across the age range. The best predictors of MVPA decline are sex, BMI, musculoskeletal fitness, and school playground dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
- CIDEFES, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, PORTUGAL
| | - Ana Carolina Reyes
- Faculty of Education and Sport, University of Cape Verde, Mindelo, CAPE VERDE
| | - Raquel Chaves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology-Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, BRAZIL
| | - Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, CANADA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, PORTUGAL
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14
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Pacheco MM, Dos Santos FG, Marques MTSP, Maia JAR, Tani G. Transitional Movement Skill Dependence on Fundamental Movement Skills: Testing Seefeldt's Proficiency Barrier. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:718-727. [PMID: 34762550 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1912691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In 1979 Vern Seefeldt postulated that individuals that did not achieve a given level of proficiency in the fundamental movement skills (FMS) would be limited in performance on new and more complex skills during development. This hypothesis, the proficiency barrier, inspired research in motor development but, to the best of our knowledge, was never empirically tested. The present article tested three potential mathematical functions (linear, sigmoidal and piecewise) describing the proficiency barrier relating FMS with a transitional movement skill (TMS, a more complex movement skill). Methods: 87 children aged 7 to 10 years were tested on six skills of the TGMD-2 test battery (running, hopping, leaping, kicking, catching and stationary bouncing) and dribbling (a combination of running and stationary bouncing). Results: The results showed evidence for the proficiency barrier based on a specific sigmoidal relation. We also identified critical movement aspects from FMS that seem to induce this relation. Conclusion: There is some evidence supporting Seefeldt's Proficiency Barrier.
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15
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Santos C, Bustamante A, Vasconcelos O, Pereira S, Garganta R, Lightfoot JT, Tani G, Hedeker D, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Sibling Resemblances in Physical Fitness in Three Distinct Regions in Peru: The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health. Behav Genet 2022; 52:195-204. [PMID: 35083627 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-022-10099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We estimated sibling resemblance in health-related physical fitness (PF) and examined how individual characteristics and shared natural environment accounted for sibling similarities. The sample comprised 656 sibling pairs and 102 triplets (6-15 years of age), from three geographical areas of Peru. PF components included morphological (waist circumference, sum of skinfolds), muscular (handgrip strength, standing long jump), and motor (shuttle-run). Body mass index (BMI) and somatic maturation were also assessed. In general, sibling intraclass correlations differed significantly across sib-ship types for waist circumference and handgrip strength but were the same for sum of skinfolds, standing long jump, and shuttle-run. Further, in general, both individual characteristics and geographical area of residence significantly influenced the magnitude of sibling resemblance as well as the mean levels of PF. In conclusion, individual characteristics and shared natural environment jointly influenced the expression of PF in Peruvian siblings, revealing the importance of these features when designing individualized programs promoting fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán Y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica, 15472, Peru
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.,CIDEFES, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Garganta
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Pereira S, Santos C, Tani G, Freitas D, Garbeloto F, Guimarães E, Robinson LE, Baxter-Jones A, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Physical fitness spurts in pre-adolescent boys and girls: Timing, intensity and sequencing. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:630-637. [PMID: 34939900 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2009201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We aim to (1) estimate age of attainment of the peak mid-growth spurt in stature (age-at-peak MGS) in pre-adolescent boys and girls; (2) identify the timing, intensity, and sequences of physical fitness (PF) spurts aligned by the age-at-peak MGS; and (3) identify any sex differences in PF spurts aligned by age-at-peak MGS. The sample included 180 Portuguese children (90 girls) aged 6 to 10 years at study entry who were followed annually for 4 years. Height, health-, and performance-related PF were assessed. Age-at-peak MGS and PF spurts were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Boys' and girls' age-at-peak MGS occurred at 7.8 ± 0.47 years and 8.0 ± 0.72 years, respectively. PF spurts' timing aligned by age-at-peak MGS were as follows: (1) before age-at-peak MGS: boys - static strength, aerobic capacity, explosive leg strength, and flexibility; girls - speed, agility, aerobic capacity, and upper body strength; (2) coincident with age-at-peak MGS: girls - explosive leg strength and flexibility; (3) after age-at-peak MGS: boys - abdominal strength, upper body strength, agility, and speed; girls - abdominal strength and static strength. Boys and girls attained their MGS at relatively similar ages. However, the timing and sequences of PF spurts, aligned on age-at-MGS, were different between boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIDEFES, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Lusófona University, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Duarte Freitas
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Leah E Robinson
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Pacheco MM, Moraes R, Lemos TW, Bongers RM, Tani G. Convergence in myoelectric control: Between individual patterns of myoelectric learning. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus M. Pacheco
- School of Physical Education and Sport at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Group KU Leuven
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
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19
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Pereira S, Garbeloto F, Guimarães E, Santos C, Baxter-Jones A, Tani G, Freitas D, Bustamante A, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Physical fitness spurts in childhood: A study in boys. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31 Suppl 1:47-55. [PMID: 33871086 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) estimate age-at-mid-growth spurt (age-at-MGS) in Portuguese boys from two different regions-the Azores islands and Viana do Castelo, and (2) identify spurts in a variety of physical fitness (PF) components aligned by age-at-MGS in the two samples. A total of 176 (Azores, n = 91; Viana do Castelo, n = 85) boys aged 6 years old were followed annually to 10 years of age. Age-at-MGS and spurts in PF components (speed, explosive muscular strength, abdominal muscular strength, agility, and flexibility) were identified for each sample. The timing and intensities of the spurts were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. In Azorean boys, age-at-MGS occurred at 7.8 years (6.99 cm y-1 ), whereas in Viana do Castelo it occurred at 7.9 years (6.20 cm y-1 ). Spurt in speed was attained 12 months after the MGS in both samples (0.53 and 0.35 cm y-1 in Azores and Viana do Castelo, respectively), whereas spurts in explosive muscular strength and flexibility occurred 12 months before the MGS and at the MGS (Azores: 21.59 and 5.52 cm y-1 and Viana do Castelo: 14.12 and 2.5 cm y-1 , respectively). Agility and abdominal muscular strength peaked between 0 and 12 months after the MGS (Viana do Castelo: 0.37 m s-1 y-1 and 6.71 reps y-1 and Azores: 0.28 m s-1 y-1 and 19.36 reps y-1 , respectively). Results indicate that developmental spurts in explosive strength and flexibility occur before, or are coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height, whereas spurts in speed, agility, and abdominal muscular strength occur after, or coincident with, the mid-growth spurt in height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Santos
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adam Baxter-Jones
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Duarte Freitas
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Peru
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Godoi Filho JRDM, Pacheco MM, Santos FG, Bastos FH, Walter C, Basso L, Tani G. The relation between gross motor coordination and health-related physical fitness through raw and standardized measures from the KTK and Fitnessgram tests. Motriz: rev educ fis 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420210017320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matheus Maia Pacheco
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Brasil; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Go Tani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Guimarães E, Baxter-Jones ADG, Pereira S, Garbeloto F, Freitas D, Janeira MA, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Silva S, Bailey DA, Mirwald RL, Maia J. Patterns of physical performance spurts during adolescence: a cross-cultural study of Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:346-354. [PMID: 32996819 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1781928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data relating physical performance to the timing of the adolescent growth spurt are limited. Aim: This study identifies: (i) age-at-peak height velocity (APHV), (ii) physical performance spurt patterns aligned to APHV; and (iii) cross-cultural and time patterns in Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys. Subjects and methods: A total of 512 boys (131 Canadian, 250 Portuguese and 131 Brazilian), 8-17 years of age were followed serially using longitudinal data. APHV was identified and five physical performance measures velocities [trunk extension (TE), trunk flexion (TF), standing long jump (SLJ), curl-ups (CU) and handgrip strength (HG)] were aligned at 6-month intervals, 4 years around the attainment of PHV. Velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Results: APHV was 13.9 ± 1.0, 13.4 ± 1.6 and 13.0 ± 0.8 years for Canadian, Brazilian and Portuguese boys, respectively. Maximal velocity in SLJ was attained between 12 and 6 months prior to PHV. For HG, peaks were attained 12-24 months after PHV. Maximal velocity in TE occurred between 12 and 0 months prior to PHV, while CU peaked between PHV and 6 months after PHV. Conclusion: Patterns of spurts in physical performance have remained relatively the same and do not appear to be influenced by cross-cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Pereira
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Garbeloto
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Simonete Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University Regional of Cariri, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Donald A Bailey
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Robert L Mirwald
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dos Santos CSP, Bustamante A, Hedeker D, Vasconcelos O, Garganta R, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. A multivariate multilevel analysis of youth motor competence. The Peruvian Health and Optimist Growth Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2408-2419. [PMID: 32799360 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We use a multivariate multilevel model to study the links between physical fitness (PF) and gross motor coordination (GMC) and investigate the influence of predictors affecting their levels across age. We sampled 7918 Peruvians, aged 6-15 years, from sea-level, Amazon region and high-altitude. Composite markers of GMC and PF were derived (GMCz and PFz , respectively). BMI, biological maturation, and stunting were assessed. School characteristics were obtained via an objective audit. School contexts explained 35% of the associations between PFz and GMCz , whereas children's characteristics explained 65% of the total variation. On average, with increasing age, there was a greater increase in GMCz (β = 0.79 ± 0.04, P < .001) than in PFz (β = 0.15 ± 0.03, P < .001); boys outperformed girls (PFz , β = 3.25 ± 0.08, P < .001; GMCz , β = 1.58 ± 0.09, P < .001); those with lower BMI and ahead in their maturation had higher PFz (β = -0.13 ± 0.01, P < .001; β = 1.09 ± 0.05, P < .001, respectively) and GMCz (β = -0.18 ± 0.01, P < .001; β = 0.39 ± 0.06, P < .001, respectively) levels. Stunting was negatively related to PFz (β = -0.30 ± 0.07; P < .001) and GMCz (β = -0.30 ± 0.08, P < .001) and high-altitude Peruvians had significantly lower GMCz (β = -0.93 ± 0.33, P < .001), and those living in the Amazon region had significantly higher PFz (β = 1.21 ± 0.58, P < .001) compared to those living at sea level. A higher number of students was negatively related to PFz (β = -0.016 ± 0.006, P < .001) and positively with GMCz (β = 0.005 ± 0.003, P < .001); the duration of physical education classes was positively associated with PFz (β = 0.70 ± 0.32, P < .001) and GMCz (β = 0.46 ± 0.15, P < .001); and the existence of policies for physical activity was only negatively associated with GMCz (β = -1.17 ± 0.34, P < .001). In conclusion, PFz and GMCz were positively correlated and child- and school-level traits predicted their levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sofia Pinho Dos Santos
- Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- School of Physical Education and Sports, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Peru
| | - Donald Hedeker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Garganta
- Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of S. Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - José Maia
- Center for Research, Training, Innovation and Intervention in Sports, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The literature provides that self-efficacy increases if individuals receive more information of their success during practice with a consequent increase in learning outcomes. The objective of this study was to test the effects of different knowledge of results (KR) frequencies on self-efficacy and motor learning. Two groups with different KR frequencies performed an anticipatory timing task on two consecutive days. To measure self-efficacy, a questionnaire on participant's efficacy was applied at different times. Both groups increased self-efficacy during practice, but we found no evidence of the effect of performance on self-efficacy and no group and self-efficacy effect on retention. These findings demonstrate that different KR frequencies do not affect the self-efficacy and learning of an anticipatory timing task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Drews
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Matheus Maia Pacheco
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Pereira S, Reyes A, Moura‐Dos‐Santos MA, Santos C, Gomes TN, Tani G, Vasconcelos O, Barreira TV, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Why are children different in their moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity levels? A multilevel analysis. Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Drews R, Tani G, Lopes Cardozo P, Chiviacowsky S. Positive feedback praising good performance does not alter the learning of an intrinsically motivating task in 10-year-old children. Eur J Hum Mov 2020. [DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2020.45.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have provided evidence for the importance of motivation in motor learning. The present study investigates whether providing positive feedback as statements praising good performance would benefit children’s motor learning when compared to a no-praise condition. Thirty 10-year-old children divided into two groups—positive feedback (PF) and control—learned to ride a pedalo over a seven-meter distance in the shortest time possible. Participants performed 20 practice trials and received feedback on their movement time following each trial. However, only the PF group received feedback acknowledging good performance after each trial block. After 24 hours, both groups performed learning tests without any feedback. Questionnaires (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory) were applied to measure participants’ motivational levels. The results show substantial improvements in performance during practice and high levels of intrinsic motivation, sustained across days, in both groups. Differences between groups in motivation, performance, and learning were not found. These results demonstrate that riding a pedalo in the shortest time possible constitutes an intrinsically motivating task in children, whose learning is not altered by the provision of positive feedback statements acknowledging good performance, possibly by a motivational ceiling effect. The findings indicate that task-inherent motivational characteristics can moderate positive feedback learning effects in children. Future studies could measure other motivational constructs, such as learner’s persistence in practicing the task, or could include post-failure measures that may reveal differences in children’s capacity to cope with errors. Differences between groups would demonstrate potential benefits of providing positive feedback praising performance in children that were not captured in the present experiment, even on the learning of inherently motivating tasks.
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Silva S, Mendes H, Freitas D, Prista A, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Baxter-Jones ADG, Valdivia AB, Maia J. Development of Physical Performance Tasks during Rapid Growth in Brazilian Children: The Cariri Healthy Growth Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16245029. [PMID: 31835601 PMCID: PMC6950178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth and physical performance scores were studied around three years of attainment of peak height velocity (PHV). We aimed to estimate the age at peak velocity, or at peak rate, in physical performance tasks, and sex-differences when aligned by biological age. A total of 131 boys and 123 girls, 8 to 14 years of age were recruited from the Cariri region of Brazil. A mixed longitudinal design was used with four overlapping age cohorts: 8, 10, 12, and 14 years, followed for three years, with measurements performed at 6 month intervals. Height, 12 min run (12mR), handgrip strength (HG), standing long jump (SLJ), and shuttle run (SR) velocities were estimated using a non-smooth mathematical procedure. Age at PHV was 13.4 ± 1.6 years in boys compared with 12.2 ± 2.3 years in girls. Maximal velocity in SLJ was attained 6 and 3 months prior to PHV in boys and girls, respectively. For HG, peaks were attained 9 months after PHV in boys and 15 months after PHV in girls. Maximal velocity in 12mR was attained 6 months before PHV in boys and at PHV in girls, whereas a peak in SR occurred 12 months after PHV in both sexes. In conclusion, dynamic changes in physical performance relative to PHV appear similar in both sexes, although sex differences were evident in some motor tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonete Silva
- Department of Physical Education, University Regional of Cariri, Ceará 63105-000, Brazil; (S.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Hudday Mendes
- Department of Physical Education, University Regional of Cariri, Ceará 63105-000, Brazil; (S.S.); (H.M.)
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal;
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Prista
- Research Group for Physical Activity and Health, FEFD-CIDAF, Pedagogical University, Maputo 1106, Mozambique;
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | | | - Alcibíades Bustamante Valdivia
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Sports, Universidade Nacional de Educación Enrique Guzman y Valle, 60637 La Cantuta, Lurigancho-Chosica 15472, Peru;
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-04-25-200 (ext. 248); Fax: +351-225-500-689
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Reyes AC, Chaves R, Baxter-Jones ADG, Vasconcelos O, Barnett LM, Tani G, Hedeker D, Maia J. Modelling the dynamics of children's gross motor coordination. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:2243-2252. [PMID: 31170881 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1626570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study modelled children's gross motor coordination, investigated sex-differences and identified the effects of fixed and dynamic correlates on motor coordination development. A total of 344 Portuguese children (170 girls), from 6 age cohorts (5 to 9 years of age), were followed consecutively for three years (age range 5 to 11 years) using a mixed-longitudinal cohort design. Birth weight, hand dominance and socioeconomic status (SES) were identified. Gross motor coordination, body mass index, physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA) were assessed annually. A sequence of multilevel hierarchical linear models were developed. Model 1 found that age, age2, sex, sex-by-age and sex-by-age2 were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of gross motor coordination. Boys outperformed girls from 6 years of age onwards. Model 2 found a cohort effect (p < 0.05). Model 3 found that right handers were more coordinated (p < 0.05). When the confounders of body mass index, PF and PA were added to the model (Model 4) it was found that boys and girls had parallel trajectories in their gross motor coordination development. In conclusion children with increasing body mass index were less coordinated, while those who were stronger and more agile had steeper trajectories of gross motor coordination with age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Chaves
- b Academic Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology of Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | | | - Olga Vasconcelos
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- d Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University , Geelong , Australia
| | - Go Tani
- e School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Donald Hedeker
- f Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois , USA
| | - José Maia
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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28
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dos Santos MAM, Baxter‐Jones A, Reyes AC, Freitas D, Henrique RS, Chaves RN, Bustamante A, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. Are there gross motor coordination spurts during mid‐childhood? Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23251. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A. M. dos Santos
- Department of Physical EducationUniversity of Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | | | - Ana C. Reyes
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Duarte Freitas
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- Department of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Madeira Funchal Portugal
| | | | - Raquel N. Chaves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology‐Parana' (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil
| | - Alcibíades Bustamante
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
- National University of Education Enrique Guzmán e Valle Lima Peru
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana
| | - José Maia
- CIFI2D, Kinanthropometry Lab, Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
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29
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Barbosa JPDAS, Basso L, Bartholomeu T, Rezende JAS, de Oliveira JA, Prista A, Tani G, Maia JAR, Forjaz CLDM. Familial aggregation and heritability of markers of metabolic risk, physical activity, and physical fitness in nuclear families from Muzambinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Arch Endocrinol Metab 2019; 63:215-221. [PMID: 31066762 PMCID: PMC10522208 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the familial aggregation and heritability of markers of metabolic risk, physical activity, and physical fitness in nuclear families from Muzambinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included members of 139 families, comprising 97 fathers (aged 40 ± 7 years), 129 mothers (35 ± 6 years), 136 sons (12 ± 4 years), and 121 daughters (12 ± 5 years). Evaluated markers included (A) body mass index, waist circumference, glycemia, and cholesterolemia, as metabolic risk markers; (B) total weekly volume of physical activity, as a physical activity marker; and (C) relative muscle strength, as a physical fitness marker. Correlations between family members and heritability (h2) were estimated using the software S.A.G.E. RESULTS Significant familial correlations were obtained between parents-offspring for glycemia and cholesterolemia (both ρ = 0.21, p < 0.05) and relative muscle strength (ρ = 0.23, p < 0.05), and between siblings for waist circumference, glycemia, total weekly volume of physical activity, and relative muscle strength (ρ variation 0.25 to 0.36, p < 0.05). Heritability values were significant for almost all variables (h2 variations: 20% to 57% for metabolic risk markers, 22% for the total weekly volume of physical activity, and 50% for relative muscle strength), except for waist circumference (h2 = 15%, p = 0.059). CONCLUSION The presence of significant correlations between family members and/or significant heritability strengthens the possible genetic and/or common familial environment influence on metabolic risk markers, total weekly volume of physical activity, and relative muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo dos Anjos Souza Barbosa
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade MotoraEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade Motora, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Basso
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Comportamento MotorEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Comportamento Motor, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Teresa Bartholomeu
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade MotoraEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade Motora, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Januária Andrea Souza Rezende
- Instituto Federal do Sul de Minas GeraisInstituto Federal do Sul de MinasMuzambinhoMGBrasilInstituto Federal do Sul de Minas – Campus Muzambinho, Muzambinho, MG, Brasil
| | - Jorge Alberto de Oliveira
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Comportamento MotorEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Comportamento Motor, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - António Prista
- Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento do Desporto e Actividade FísicaFaculdade de Educação Física e DesportoUniversidade PedagógicaMaputoMoçambique Núcleo de Investigação em Actividade Física e Saúde, Centro de Investigação e Desenvolvimento do Desporto e Actividade Física (CIDAF), Faculdade de Educação Física e Desporto (FEFD), Universidade Pedagógica, Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Go Tani
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Comportamento MotorEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Comportamento Motor, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - José António Ribeiro Maia
- Universidade do PortoCentro de Investigação, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em DesportoFaculdade de DesportoUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal Laboratório de Cineantropometria e Gabinete de Estatística Aplicada, Centro de Investigação, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em Desporto (CIFI2D), Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lúcia de Moraes Forjaz
- Universidade de São PauloLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade MotoraEscola de Educação Física e EsporteUniversidade de São PauloSPBrasilLaboratório de Hemodinâmica da Atividade Motora, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Valdívia AB, Henrique RS, Pereira S, Chaves RN, Tani G, Freitas D, Prista A, Stodden DF, Katzmarzyk PT, Hedeker D, Maia J. Familial resemblance in gross motor coordination. The Peruvian Sibling Study on Growth and Health. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 45:463-469. [PMID: 30646775 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1568549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of gross motor coordination (GMC) is governed by biological and environmental factors whose effect sizes are still unclear. AIM To investigate sibling resemblance in GMC, as well as biological and environmental correlates of GMC among Peruvian children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised 1256 biological siblings (6-15 years old), from three geographical areas of Peru. GMC was assessed using the Korperkoordinationtest für Kinder (KTK) test battery. Anthropometry, biological maturation and physical fitness (PF) were also measured. Multilevel modelling was performed using Stata 14 software. RESULTS In general, sister-sister pairs (SS) showed the highest resemblance in GMC (ρ = 0.24) compared to brother-sister (BS) (ρ = 0.10) and brother-brother (BB) pairs (ρ = 0.07). On average, BB pairs had higher GMC than SS pairs and older siblings had higher GMC than younger siblings. Further, those with lower body mass index (BMI) and higher PF had higher GMC. There was also a significant interaction between age and PF with GMC. Siblings from the rainforest region demonstrated higher GMC than those from sea level and high-altitude siblings demonstrated lower GMC than their sea-level peers. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate statistically significant sibling resemblance in GMC. Age, BMI, PF and geographical area were significant correlates of GMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael S Henrique
- b Higher School of Physical Education , University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil
| | - Sara Pereira
- c CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Raquel N Chaves
- d Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Technology of Parana . Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- e School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Duarte Freitas
- f Department of Physical Education and Sport , University of Madeira Funchal , Portugal
| | - Antonio Prista
- g Faculty of Physical Education and Sports , Pedagogical University. Maputo , Mozambique
| | - David F Stodden
- h Department of Physical Education , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- i Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University. Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - Donald Hedeker
- j Department of Public Health Sciences , University of Chicago. Chicago , IL , USA
| | - José Maia
- c CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Garbeloto dos Santos F, Côrrea UC, Drews R, Tani G, Bastos FH. Effects of maintaining different body positions on attentional allocation of obese and non-obese women. KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26582/k.51.2.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that obese individuals may require more attentional resources to perform postural control compared to non-obese individuals. However, it is unclear if this difference in the allocation of attention can only be observed in body positions that lead to a higher level of instability. The objective of this study was to investigate if obesity affects the allocation of attention for maintaining body postures with different levels of balance demand. Ten obese women (BMI=41.7±8.5) and ten non-obese women (BMI=21.8±1.3) volunteers were assigned into two groups (M age=39.7±7.6): obese and eutrophic. The visual reaction time simultaneous with the maintenance of the body positions with different levels of balance demand (sitting, standing and unipedal stance) was used to infer the allocation of attentional resources. A longer reaction time was observed in the unipedal stance, compared to the other positions, for both groups. However, no difference was observed between the obese and eutrophic groups, for any of the body positions. The results diverge from the existing literature, showing that obesity does not affect the allocation of attention for postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Cesar Côrrea
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Drews
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santos C, Carolina Reyes A, Moura-Dos-Santos MA, Pereira S, Natacha Gomes T, Tani G, Vasconcelos O, Chaves RN, Garganta R, Barreira TV, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia J. A multi-level analysis of individual- and school-level correlates of physical fitness in children. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:470-477. [PMID: 30513218 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1549684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's physical fitness is potentially influenced by biological, behavioural and environmental factors. AIM To investigate the importance of individual-level and school-level characteristics in explaining variation in children's physical fitness. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The sample comprised 354 Portuguese children, aged 5-10 years. Physical fitness [(handgrip (HG) strength, standing long jump (SLJ), shuttle-run (SR), total physical fitness score (PFz)], gross motor coordination (GMC) and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively monitored; birth weight and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained by questionnaire. School contexts were assessed via an objective audit. Multilevel models using the Bayesian approach were used. RESULTS Age was positively associated with HG, SLJ and PFz (p < 0.05); BMI was positively associated with HG (p < 0.05) and GMC with all physical fitness components (p < 0.05); MVPA was only associated with PFz (p < 0.05); children with level A SES outperformed those with level C SES in HG (p < 0.05), but those with level B SES outperformed their level A SES peers in SR (p < 0.05). Within the school context, no equipment for physical education was negatively associated with HG (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the primary school years, individual-level characteristics were more important than the school context in explaining variations in physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Santos
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | | | | | - Sara Pereira
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Sergipe , São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Go Tani
- d Escola de Educação Física e Esporte , Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Olga Vasconcelos
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Raquel N Chaves
- e Academic Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Technology Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
| | - Rui Garganta
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- f School of Education , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- g Pennington Biomedical Research Center , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , LA , USA
| | - José Maia
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Reyes AC, Chaves R, Baxter-Jones ADG, Vasconcelos O, Tani G, Maia J. A mixed-longitudinal study of children's growth, motor development and cognition. Design, methods and baseline results on sex-differences. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:376-385. [PMID: 30328738 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1511828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a renewed interest in longitudinal studies which link children's growth, motor and cognition development. This is important for both educational outcomes and identification of children who are at risk. AIM To identify cross-sectional sex-differences. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 1166 Portuguese children, aged 4-11 years, were recruited into the Growth, Motor Development and Cognition Study (GMDC-Vouzela study). Measures included: anthropometry, gestational development, motor coordination, cognitive performance, laterality, physical fitness, metabolic syndrome risk, lifestyle characteristics and environmental exposures. Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes between boys and girls, adjusting for chronological age. RESULTS Most variables did not show significant differences between the sexes (p > 0.05). However, girls had more body fat mass than boys (p < 0.05) and boys were significantly heavier at birth (p < 0.05); furthermore, boys outperformed girls in a hopping high coordination test (p < 0.001) and were more physically fit (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Baseline results from the GMDC-Vouzela study indicate the dynamic relationships between children's biological and environmental characteristics. They also highlight lifestyle traits that will most likely effect subsequent growth, motor and cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Chaves
- b Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Technology of Paraná , Curitiba , Brazil
| | | | - Olga Vasconcelos
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- d School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - José Maia
- a CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Bastos FH, Tani G, Drews R, Riek S, Marinovic W. Do we know what we need? Preference for feedback about accurate performances does not benefit sensorimotor learning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 44:1294-1302. [DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Barbosa JPDAS, Basso L, Bartholomeu T, Prista A, Rezende JAS, Oliveira JA, Tani G, Maia JAR, Forjaz CLDM. RELAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA, APTIDÃO FÍSICA E RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR: ESTUDO EM MUZAMBINHO, MINAS GERAIS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220182401177615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Introdução: A relação negativa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular está bem estabelecida em populações com baixos níveis de atividade física. Objetivo: O presente estudo investigou essa relação em adultos de Muzambinho, Minas Gerais, uma população com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos. Métodos: Participaram 237 indivíduos (132 mulheres), na maioria jovens (44,3% entre 20 e 39 anos). Foram avaliados indicadores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, glicemia de jejum, colesterolemia de jejum e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica), atividade física (volume semanal de atividade física total) e aptidão física (aptidão aeróbica e força manual relativa). Resultados: Mais de 90% dos indivíduos foram classificados como ativos (praticavam atividade física por mais de 150 min/semana). A regressão linear identificou associação negativa da força manual relativa e da aptidão aeróbica ao índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura, bem como associação positiva da força manual relativa à pressão arterial diastólica. Os indicadores de atividade física e aptidão física não se associaram ao risco cardiovascular global. Conclusão: Nessa população, a relação inversa entre atividade física, aptidão física e risco cardiovascular limitou-se aos indicadores de aptidão física e aos de obesidade, sugerindo que em populações com alta taxa de indivíduos fisicamente ativos, o aumento da aptidão física, mas não da atividade física, pode ajudar a reduzir a obesidade. Nível de Evidência II; ECRC de menor qualidade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Go Tani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Barros JADC, Tani G, Corrêa UC. Effects of practice schedule and task specificity on the adaptive process of motor learning. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 55:196-210. [PMID: 28841538 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of practice schedule and task specificity based on the perspective of adaptive process of motor learning. For this purpose, tasks with temporal and force control learning requirements were manipulated in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Specifically, the task consisted of touching with the dominant hand the three sequential targets with specific movement time or force for each touch. Participants were children (N=120), both boys and girls, with an average age of 11.2years (SD=1.0). The design in both experiments involved four practice groups (constant, random, constant-random, and random-constant) and two phases (stabilisation and adaptation). The dependent variables included measures related to the task goal (accuracy and variability of error of the overall movement and force patterns) and movement pattern (macro- and microstructures). Results revealed a similar error of the overall patterns for all groups in both experiments and that they adapted themselves differently in terms of the macro- and microstructures of movement patterns. The study concludes that the effects of practice schedules on the adaptive process of motor learning were both general and specific to the task. That is, they were general to the task goal performance and specific regarding the movement pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Go Tani
- Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Travassos
- Sport Sciences Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- CIDESD - Centre of Investigation in Sports, Health and Human Development, CreativeLab, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Umberto Cesar Corrêa
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S. Henrique
- Higher School of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Alcibíades V. Bustamante
- Academic Department of Applied Sciences for Physical Education and Sport, National University of Education Enrique Guzmán y Valle, Lima, Peru
| | - Duarte L. Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - José A. Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, Kinanthropometry Lab, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The contextual interference effect (random practice yields better transfer and retention compared to blocked practice) detected in a study of 24 boys and 33 girls randomly selected ( M age = 10.5 yr., SD = .6) performing a linear positioning motor task seemed to dissipate in extended transfer trials.
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate why futsal players decide to dribble. For this purpose, we analysed 396 trials comprising the dribbles (n = 132), passes (n = 131) or shots (n = 133), performed by 70 male futsal players. Passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance, including their rates of change (velocity and variability), were regarded as measures of interpersonal coordination tendency and a comparison was made among dribbling, passing and shooting situations. In addition, the variables identified as constraints on deciding to dribble were analysed in relation to age categories, dribbling outcomes and futsal court zone. Results revealed that passing and shooting angles, and interpersonal distance showed higher variability in dribbling than in passing and shooting situations. The findings allowed us to conclude that decision-making on dribbling was influenced by the variabilities of passing angles as well as shooting and interpersonal distance, and that success in dribbling was affected by the variability of interpersonal distance. Such variabilities were interpreted concerning their meaning of risk and/or uncertainty in the execution of motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Cesar Corrêa
- a School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Go Tani
- a School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Dos Santos FG, Pacheco MM, Basso L, Tani G. A comparative study of the mastery of fundamental movement skills between different cultures. motricidade 2016. [DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.8873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
<p>It has been suggested that guidance, encouragement and opportunity are crucial factors for children’s motor development. They are especially important to promote the mastery of fundamental movement skills. The present study investigated the association between two elements related to those factors – proposed curriculum of physical education and the most popular sport in a given country – and the incidence of mastery in the FMS in children from 4 to 10 years of age. In order to carry out a cross-cultural comparison, three studies from different countries (Portugal, China and USA) that used TGMD-II were selected. The results indicated association between proposed curriculum and the number of children mastering FMS. This association increases in older age groups of children from USA, the most structured curriculum related to FMS, presenting the highest average percentage of mastery. Additionally, we did not find association of the most popular sports in a given country with the mastery of the related skill. These results are interpreted as evidence for the importance of guidance on the mastery of FMS.</p><p class="Summary"><span lang="EN-US"><br /></span></p>
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de Chaves RN, Bustamante Valdívia A, Nevill A, Freitas D, Tani G, Katzmarzyk PT, Maia JAR. Developmental and physical-fitness associations with gross motor coordination problems in Peruvian children. Res Dev Disabil 2016; 53-54:107-114. [PMID: 26871464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this cross-sectional study were to examine the developmental characteristics (biological maturation and body size) associated with gross motor coordination problems in 5193 Peruvian children (2787 girls) aged 6-14 years from different geographical locations, and to investigate how the probability that children suffer with gross motor coordination problems varies with physical fitness. Children with gross motor coordination problems were more likely to have lower flexibility and explosive strength levels, having adjusted for age, sex, maturation and study site. Older children were more likely to suffer from gross motor coordination problems, as were those with greater body mass index. However, more mature children were less likely to have gross motor coordination problems, although children who live at sea level or at high altitude were more likely to suffer from gross motor coordination problems than children living in the jungle. Our results provide evidence that children and adolescents with lower physical fitness are more likely to have gross motor coordination difficulties. The identification of youths with gross motor coordination problems and providing them with effective intervention programs is an important priority in order to overcome such developmental problems, and help to improve their general health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Nichele de Chaves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Technology - Parana, Av. Sete de Setembro, 3165, 80230901 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | | | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, WS1 3BD, United Kingdom.
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Madeira, Praça do Município, 9000-082 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Go Tani
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Melo Morais, 65, Cidade Universitária, 05508-030 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - José António Ribeiro Maia
- CIFI(2)D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
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Gomes FRF, Bastos FH, Meira CDM, Neiva JFDO, Tani G. Effects of distinct practice conditions on the learning of the o soto gari throwing technique of judo. J Sports Sci 2016; 35:572-578. [PMID: 27157357 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1180418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of practice on learning the o soto gari, focusing on the kuzushi (unbalancing the opponent). A total of 64 children (mean age 9.19 ± 1.41 years) were assigned to one of four groups: (1) static traditional practice, i.e., uchikomi - repetition of the moving pattern that characterises the technique up to the point of throwing; (2) in motion traditional practice - uchikomi with the tori (player executing the technique) moving/walking; (3) whole practice with pre-kuzushi - full technique with a preparatory component for kuzushi; (4) progressive parts practice with pre-kuzushi - progressively introducing kuzushi, tsukuri (set-up to execute the technique) and kake (final part of the technique; projection) with pre-kuzushi. Pre-test, acquisition, post-test and retention test were carried out. Movements were video recorded and analysed regarding three aspects: global technique of the tori, occurrence of a movement pattern performed by the tori to unbalance the uke (player receiving the "attack"), and occurrence of actual unbalance (kuzushi). Results showed no significant differences between-groups. However, different within-groups improvements suggest that using a uchikomi with pre-kuzushi can help learners deal with the motor actions of pulling and pushing in order to unbalance the opponent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Rodrigo Ferreira Gomes
- a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique Bastos
- a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cássio de Miranda Meira
- b Motor Ability and Skills Research Group, Arts, Sciences and Humanities School , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Go Tani
- a Motor Behavior Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Barbosa JPDAS, Basso L, Seabra A, Prista A, Tani G, Maia JAR, Forjaz CLDM. Relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and multiple metabolic risk in youths from Muzambinho's study. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 16:618-23. [PMID: 26452452 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1088576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Negative associations between physical activity (PA), physical fitness and multiple metabolic risk factors (MMRF) in youths from populations with low PA are reported. The persistence of this association in moderately-to highly active populations is not, however, well established. The aim of the present study was to investigate this association in a Brazilian city with high frequency of active youths. We assessed 122 subjects (9.9 ± 1.3 years) from Muzambinho city. Body mass index, waist circumference, glycaemia, cholesterolaemia, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured. Maximal handgrip strength and one-mile walk/run test were used. Leisure time PA was assessed by interview. Poisson regression was used in the analysis. The model explained 11% of the total variance. Only relative muscular strength and one-mile walk/run were statistically significant (p < .05). Those who needed more time to cover the one-mile walk/run test had an increased in metabolic risk of 11%, and those with greater strength reduced the risk by about 82%. In conclusion, children and youths from an active population who need less time to cover the one-mile walk/run test or who had greater muscular strength showed a reduced metabolic risk. These results suggest that even in children and youths with high leisure time PA, a greater aerobic fitness and strength might help to further reduce their MMRF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luciano Basso
- b Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | - André Seabra
- c Centre of Research in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure Activity, Faculty of Sports , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Antonio Prista
- d Faculty of Physical Education and Sports , Pedagogical University , Maputo , Mozambique
| | - Go Tani
- b Motor Control Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Lúcia De Moraes Forjaz
- a Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport , University of São Paulo , São Paulo - SP , Brazil
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Corrêa UC, Benda RN, de Oliveira DL, Ugrinowitsch H, Freudenheim AM, Tani G. Different Faces of Variability in the Adaptive Process of Motor Skill Learning. Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci 2015; 19:465-487. [PMID: 26375936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the variability by considering an action programme as hierarchically organized, which reconciles invariant and variant features of motor skills at the macro- and microstructural level of analysis. It was assumed that invariant aspects of skilled actions express the macrostructure and therefore measures of sequencing, relative size, relative timing, relative force and relative pause time. The microstructure was related to the variant aspects so that total size, total movement time, total force, and total pause time were selected as its measures. These propositions were tested in an experimental design comprised by three learning phases: a stabilisation phase that entailed a given number of trials to achieve the functional stabilization on a graphic task, followed by transfer and retention phases. In the transfer phase, the graphic task was modified to yield different demands upon skill reorganization. Two such modifications demanded parametric changes (i.e. microstructure changes), in which graphic size and drawing speed were altered. Another modification demanded structural alterations (i.e. macrostructure change), in which drawing was changed. Overall, results supported the main predictions by showing that parametric changes in the task affected the microstructure, but did not affect the macrostructure consistently. Furthermore, a structural change affected both macro- and microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Go Tani
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Corrêa UC, Walter C, Torriani-Pasin C, Barros J, Tani G. Efeitos da quantidade e do regime de prática variada após a prática constante sobre o processo adaptativo de aprendizagem motora. Motricidade 2014. [DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.10(4).2905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Priscila PG, Walter C, Tani G, Corrêa UC. O efeito do auto-estabelecimento de metas na aquisição de uma habilidade motora. Motricidade 2014. [DOI: 10.6063/motricidade.10(4).2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Kaefer A, Chiviacowsky S, Meira CDM, Tani G. Self-controlled practice enhances motor learning in introverts and extroverts. Res Q Exerc Sport 2014; 85:226-233. [PMID: 25098018 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2014.893051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of self-controlled feedback on the learning of a sequential-timing motor task in introverts and extroverts. METHOD Fifty-six university students were selected by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. They practiced a motor task consisting of pressing computer keyboard keys in a specific spatial and temporal pattern. The experiment consisted of practice, retention, and transfer phases. The participants were distributed into 4 groups, formed by the combination of personality trait (extraversion/introversion) and type of feedback frequency (self-controlled/yoked). RESULTS The results showed superior learning for the groups that practiced in a self-controlled schedule, in relation to groups who practiced in an externally controlled schedule, F(1, 52) = 4.13, p < .05, eta2 = .07, regardless of personality trait. CONCLUSION We conclude that self-controlled practice enhances motor learning in introverts and extroverts.
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Gentili A, Carfagnini F, Mondardini MC, Tani G, Cazzato S, Baroncini S. Pneumorrachis in child with pectus excavatum during acute status asthmaticus. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:508-509. [PMID: 24257151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gentili
- Department of Pediatric Anesthesia and Intensive Care, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy -
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