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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Trust for Public Land, San Francisco, California
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
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Rollings KA, Dannenberg AL, Frumkin H, Jackson RJ. Built Environment and Public Health: More Than 20 Years of Progress. Am J Public Health 2024; 114:27-33. [PMID: 38091569 PMCID: PMC10726940 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Rollings
- Kimberly A. Rollings is with the Health & Design Research Fellowship Program, University of Michigan Medical School, the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Andrew L. Dannenberg is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and the Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, and the Land and People Lab, Trust for Public Land, San Francisco, CA. Richard J. Jackson is with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrew L Dannenberg
- Kimberly A. Rollings is with the Health & Design Research Fellowship Program, University of Michigan Medical School, the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Andrew L. Dannenberg is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and the Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, and the Land and People Lab, Trust for Public Land, San Francisco, CA. Richard J. Jackson is with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Kimberly A. Rollings is with the Health & Design Research Fellowship Program, University of Michigan Medical School, the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Andrew L. Dannenberg is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and the Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, and the Land and People Lab, Trust for Public Land, San Francisco, CA. Richard J. Jackson is with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Richard J Jackson
- Kimberly A. Rollings is with the Health & Design Research Fellowship Program, University of Michigan Medical School, the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, and the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Andrew L. Dannenberg is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, and the Department of Urban Design and Planning, College of Built Environments, University of Washington, Seattle. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, and the Land and People Lab, Trust for Public Land, San Francisco, CA. Richard J. Jackson is with the Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Tong S, Samet JM, Steffen W, Kinney PL, Frumkin H. Solidarity for the Anthropocene. Environ Res 2023; 235:116716. [PMID: 37481056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Social solidarity is essential to large-scale collective action, but the need for solidarity has received little attention from scholars of Earth Systems, sustainability and public health. Now, the need for solidarity requires recognition. We have entered a new planetary epoch - the Anthropocene - in which human-induced global changes are occurring at an unprecedented scale. There are multiple health crises facing humanity - widening inequity, climate change, biodiversity loss, diminishing resources, persistent poverty, armed conflict, large-scale migration, and others. These global challenges are so far-reaching, and call for such extensive, large-scale action, that solidarity is a sine qua non for tackling these challenges. However, the heightened need for solidarity has received little attention in the context of the Anthropocene and, in particular, how it can be created and nurtured has been overlooked. In this commentary, we explore the concept of solidarity from inter-species, intra-generational and inter-generational perspectives. We also propose strategies to enhance solidarity in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Tong
- National Institute of Environmental Health, China CDC, Beijing, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | | | - Will Steffen
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA; Trust for Public Land, Seattle, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Giles-Corti B, Moudon AV, Lowe M, Cerin E, Boeing G, Frumkin H, Salvo D, Foster S, Kleeman A, Bekessy S, de Sá TH, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Higgs C, Hinckson E, Adlakha D, Arundel J, Liu S, Oyeyemi AL, Nitvimol K, Sallis JF. What next? Expanding our view of city planning and global health, and implementing and monitoring evidence-informed policy. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e919-e926. [PMID: 35561726 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This Series on urban design, transport, and health aimed to facilitate development of a global system of health-related policy and spatial indicators to assess achievements and deficiencies in urban and transport policies and features. This final paper in the Series summarises key findings, considers what to do next, and outlines urgent key actions. Our study of 25 cities in 19 countries found that, despite many well intentioned policies, few cities had measurable standards and policy targets to achieve healthy and sustainable cities. Available standards and targets were often insufficient to promote health and wellbeing, and health-supportive urban design and transport features were often inadequate or inequitably distributed. City planning decisions affect human and planetary health and amplify city vulnerabilities, as the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted. Hence, we offer an expanded framework of pathways through which city planning affects health, incorporating 11 integrated urban system policies and 11 integrated urban and transport interventions addressing current and emerging issues. Our call to action recommends widespread uptake and further development of our methods and open-source tools to create upstream policy and spatial indicators to benchmark and track progress; unmask spatial inequities; inform interventions and investments; and accelerate transitions to net zero, healthy, and sustainable cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Giles-Corti
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Department of Urban Design and Planning, Urban Form Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie Lowe
- Melbourne Centre for Cities, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Geoff Boeing
- Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Analysis, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Foster
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alexandra Kleeman
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Bekessy
- ICON Science, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thiago Hérick de Sá
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Air Pollution and Urban Environment Programme, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Epidemiology and Public Health Network, CIBERSP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl Higgs
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erica Hinckson
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Natural Learning Initiative, College of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Arundel
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shiqin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Kornsupha Nitvimol
- Office of the Permanent Secretary for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - James F Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Littman AJ, Bratman GN, Lehavot K, Engel CC, Fortney JC, Peterson A, Jones A, Klassen C, Brandon J, Frumkin H. Nature versus urban hiking for Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomised trial conducted in the Pacific Northwest USA. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051885. [PMID: 34556516 PMCID: PMC8461737 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate feasibility and acceptability of a group-based nature recreation intervention (nature hiking) and control condition (urban hiking) for military Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). DESIGN AND SETTING A pilot randomised controlled trial conducted in the US Pacific Northwest. PARTICIPANTS Veterans with PTSD due to any cause. INTERVENTIONS Twenty-six participants were randomised to a 12-week intervention involving either six nature hikes (n=13) or six urban hikes (n=13). PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Feasibility was assessed based on recruitment, retention and attendance. Questionnaires and postintervention qualitative interviews were conducted to explore intervention acceptability. Questionnaires assessing acceptability and outcomes planned for the future trial (eg, PTSD symptoms) were collected at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks (immediately after the final hike) and 24 weeks follow-up. RESULTS Of 415 people assessed for eligibility/interest, 97 were interested and passed preliminary eligibility screening, and 26 were randomised. Mean completion of all questionnaires was 91% among those in the nature hiking group and 68% in those in the urban hiking group. Over the course of the intervention, participants in the nature and urban groups attended an average of 56% and 58%, respectively, of scheduled hikes. Acceptability of both urban and nature hikes was high; over 70% reported a positive rating (ie, good/excellent) for the study communication, as well as hike locations, distance and pace. Median PTSD symptom scores (PTSD Checklist-5) improved more at 12 weeks and 24 weeks among those in the nature versus urban hiking group. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study largely confirmed the feasibility and acceptability of nature hiking as a potential treatment for Veterans with PTSD. Adaptations will be needed to improve recruitment and increase hike attendance for a future randomised controlled trial to effectively test and isolate the ways in which nature contact, physical activity and social support conferred by the group impact outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03997344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson J Littman
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Keren Lehavot
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles C Engel
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John C Fortney
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Peterson
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Jones
- Outdoors for All, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carolyn Klassen
- Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Frumkin H. Response to "Comment on 'COVID-19, the Built Environment, and Health'". Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:98002. [PMID: 34519537 PMCID: PMC8439287 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Frumkin H. COVID-19, the Built Environment, and Health. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:75001. [PMID: 34288733 PMCID: PMC8294798 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the dawn of cities, the built environment has both affected infectious disease transmission and evolved in response to infectious diseases. COVID-19 illustrates both dynamics. The pandemic presented an opportunity to implement health promotion and disease prevention strategies in numerous elements of the built environment. OBJECTIVES This commentary aims to identify features of the built environment that affect the risk of COVID-19 as well as to identify elements of the pandemic response with implications for the built environment (and, therefore, for long-term public health). DISCUSSION Built environment risk factors for COVID-19 transmission include crowding, poverty, and racism (as they manifest in housing and neighborhood features), poor indoor air circulation, and ambient air pollution. Potential long-term implications of COVID-19 for the built environment include changes in building design, increased teleworking, reconfigured streets, changing modes of travel, provision of parks and greenspace, and population shifts out of urban centers. Although it is too early to predict with confidence which of these responses may persist, identifying and monitoring them can help health professionals, architects, urban planners, and decision makers, as well as members of the public, optimize healthy built environments during and after recovery from the pandemic. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8888.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Remme RP, Frumkin H, Guerry AD, King AC, Mandle L, Sarabu C, Bratman GN, Giles-Corti B, Hamel P, Han B, Hicks JL, James P, Lawler JJ, Lindahl T, Liu H, Lu Y, Oosterbroek B, Paudel B, Sallis JF, Schipperijn J, Sosič R, de Vries S, Wheeler BW, Wood SA, Wu T, Daily GC. An ecosystem service perspective on urban nature, physical activity, and health. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018472118. [PMID: 33990458 PMCID: PMC8179134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018472118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature underpins human well-being in critical ways, especially in health. Nature provides pollination of nutritious crops, purification of drinking water, protection from floods, and climate security, among other well-studied health benefits. A crucial, yet challenging, research frontier is clarifying how nature promotes physical activity for its many mental and physical health benefits, particularly in densely populated cities with scarce and dwindling access to nature. Here we frame this frontier by conceptually developing a spatial decision-support tool that shows where, how, and for whom urban nature promotes physical activity, to inform urban greening efforts and broader health assessments. We synthesize what is known, present a model framework, and detail the model steps and data needs that can yield generalizable spatial models and an effective tool for assessing the urban nature-physical activity relationship. Current knowledge supports an initial model that can distinguish broad trends and enrich urban planning, spatial policy, and public health decisions. New, iterative research and application will reveal the importance of different types of urban nature, the different subpopulations who will benefit from it, and nature's potential contribution to creating more equitable, green, livable cities with active inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy P Remme
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Anne D Guerry
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lisa Mandle
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chethan Sarabu
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Perrine Hamel
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Baolong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jennifer L Hicks
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Joshua J Lawler
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Therese Lindahl
- Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Bram Oosterbroek
- Maastricht Sustainability Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bibek Paudel
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - James F Sallis
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0631
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Rok Sosič
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sjerp de Vries
- Cultural Geography/Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benedict W Wheeler
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Knowledge Spa, Royal Cornwall Hospital, TR1 3HD Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer A Wood
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Gretchen C Daily
- Natural Capital Project, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biological Sciences, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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Astell-Burt T, Hartig T, Eckermann S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, McMunn A, Frumkin H, Feng X. More green, less lonely? A longitudinal cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 51:99-110. [PMID: 34057994 PMCID: PMC8194954 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urban greening may reduce loneliness by offering opportunities for solace, social reconnection and supporting processes such as stress relief. We (i) assessed associations between residential green space and cumulative incidence of, and relief from, loneliness over 4 years; and (ii) explored contingencies by age, sex, disability and cohabitation status. Methods Multilevel logistic regressions of change in loneliness status in 8049 city-dwellers between 2013 (baseline) and 2017 (follow-up) in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia study. Associations with objectively measured discrete green-space buffers (e.g. parks) (<400, <800 and <1600 m) were adjusted for age, sex, disability, cohabitation status, children and socio-economic variables. Results were translated into absolute risk reductions in loneliness per 10% increase in urban greening. Results The absolute risk of loneliness rose from 15.9% to 16.9% over the 4 years; however, a 10% increase in urban greening within 1.6 km was associated with lower cumulative incident loneliness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.927, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.862 to 0.996; absolute risk reduction = 0.66%]. Stronger association was observed for people living alone (OR = 0.828, 95% CI = 0.725 to 0.944). In comparison to people with <10% green space, the ORs for cumulative incident loneliness were 0.833 (95% CI = 0.695 to 0.997), 0.790 (95% CI = 0.624 to 1.000) and 0.736 (95% CI = 0.549 to 0.986) for 10–20%, 20–30% and >30% green space, respectively. Compared with the <10% green-space reference group with 13.78% incident loneliness over 4 years and conservatively assuming no impact on incident loneliness, associations translated into absolute risk reductions of 1.70%, 2.26% and 2.72% within populations with 10–20%, 20–30% and >30% green space, respectively. These associations were stronger again for people living alone, with 10–20% (OR = 0.608, 95% CI = 0.448 to 0.826), 20–30% (OR = 0.649, 95% CI = 0.436 to 0.966) and >30% (OR = 0.480, 95% CI = 0.278 to 0.829) green space within 1600 m. No age, sex or disability-related contingencies, associations with green space within 400 or 800 m or relief from loneliness reported at baseline were observed. Conclusions A lower cumulative incidence of loneliness was observed among people with more green space within 1600 m of home, especially for people living alone. Potential biopsychosocial mechanisms warrant investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,National Institute of Environmental Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Peking Union Medical College and The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simon Eckermann
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne McMunn
- UCL Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, UK
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,National Institute of Environmental Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, China.,School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
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Maibach E, Frumkin H, Ahdoot S. Health Professionals and the Climate Crisis: Trusted Voices, Essential Roles. World Medical & Health Policy 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Barouki R, Kogevinas M, Audouze K, Belesova K, Bergman A, Birnbaum L, Boekhold S, Denys S, Desseille C, Drakvik E, Frumkin H, Garric J, Destoumieux-Garzon D, Haines A, Huss A, Jensen G, Karakitsios S, Klanova J, Koskela IM, Laden F, Marano F, Franziska Matthies-Wiesler E, Morris G, Nowacki J, Paloniemi R, Pearce N, Peters A, Rekola A, Sarigiannis D, Šebková K, Slama R, Staatsen B, Tonne C, Vermeulen R, Vineis P. The COVID-19 pandemic and global environmental change: Emerging research needs. Environ Int 2021; 146:106272. [PMID: 33238229 PMCID: PMC7674147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 raised numerous questions on the interactions between the occurrence of new infections, the environment, climate and health. The European Union requested the H2020 HERA project which aims at setting priorities in research on environment, climate and health, to identify relevant research needs regarding Covid-19. The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 appears to be related to urbanization, habitat destruction, live animal trade, intensive livestock farming and global travel. The contribution of climate and air pollution requires additional studies. Importantly, the severity of COVID-19 depends on the interactions between the viral infection, ageing and chronic diseases such as metabolic, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and obesity which are themselves influenced by environmental stressors. The mechanisms of these interactions deserve additional scrutiny. Both the pandemic and the social response to the disease have elicited an array of behavioural and societal changes that may remain long after the pandemic and that may have long term health effects including on mental health. Recovery plans are currently being discussed or implemented and the environmental and health impacts of those plans are not clearly foreseen. Clearly, COVID-19 will have a long-lasting impact on the environmental health field and will open new research perspectives and policy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Nowacki
- WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Germany
| | | | - Neil Pearce
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, IFREMER, UPVD, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Remy Slama
- INSERM, CNRS, Université de Grenoble-Alpes, IAB, France
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15
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Hess JJ, Ranadive N, Boyer C, Aleksandrowicz L, Anenberg SC, Aunan K, Belesova K, Bell ML, Bickersteth S, Bowen K, Burden M, Campbell-Lendrum D, Carlton E, Cissé G, Cohen F, Dai H, Dangour AD, Dasgupta P, Frumkin H, Gong P, Gould RJ, Haines A, Hales S, Hamilton I, Hasegawa T, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Horton DE, Karambelas A, Kim H, Kim SE, Kinney PL, Kone I, Knowlton K, Lelieveld J, Limaye VS, Liu Q, Madaniyazi L, Martinez ME, Mauzerall DL, Milner J, Neville T, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Pachauri S, Perera F, Pineo H, Remais JV, Saari RK, Sampedro J, Scheelbeek P, Schwartz J, Shindell D, Shyamsundar P, Taylor TJ, Tonne C, Van Vuuren D, Wang C, Watts N, West JJ, Wilkinson P, Wood SA, Woodcock J, Woodward A, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Ebi KL. Guidelines for Modeling and Reporting Health Effects of Climate Change Mitigation Actions. Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:115001. [PMID: 33170741 PMCID: PMC7654632 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modeling suggests that climate change mitigation actions can have substantial human health benefits that accrue quickly and locally. Documenting the benefits can help drive more ambitious and health-protective climate change mitigation actions; however, documenting the adverse health effects can help to avoid them. Estimating the health effects of mitigation (HEM) actions can help policy makers prioritize investments based not only on mitigation potential but also on expected health benefits. To date, however, the wide range of incompatible approaches taken to developing and reporting HEM estimates has limited their comparability and usefulness to policymakers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this effort was to generate guidance for modeling studies on scoping, estimating, and reporting population health effects from climate change mitigation actions. METHODS An expert panel of HEM researchers was recruited to participate in developing guidance for conducting HEM studies. The primary literature and a synthesis of HEM studies were provided to the panel. Panel members then participated in a modified Delphi exercise to identify areas of consensus regarding HEM estimation. Finally, the panel met to review and discuss consensus findings, resolve remaining differences, and generate guidance regarding conducting HEM studies. RESULTS The panel generated a checklist of recommendations regarding stakeholder engagement: HEM modeling, including model structure, scope and scale, demographics, time horizons, counterfactuals, health response functions, and metrics; parameterization and reporting; approaches to uncertainty and sensitivity analysis; accounting for policy uptake; and discounting. DISCUSSION This checklist provides guidance for conducting and reporting HEM estimates to make them more comparable and useful for policymakers. Harmonization of HEM estimates has the potential to lead to advances in and improved synthesis of policy-relevant research that can inform evidence-based decision making and practice. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6745.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J. Hess
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Chris Boyer
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Susan C. Anenberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michelle L. Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sam Bickersteth
- Rockefeller Foundation Economic Council on Planetary Health, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Marci Burden
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Environment Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Carlton
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Guéladio Cissé
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francois Cohen
- Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment and Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hancheng Dai
- Laboratory of Energy & Environmental Economics and Policy (LEEEP), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alan David Dangour
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Purnamita Dasgupta
- Environmental and Resource Economics Unit, Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi, India
| | | | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert J. Gould
- Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Simon Hales
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daniel E. Horton
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ho Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Patrick L. Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Inza Kone
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
- Université Félix Houphouet-Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Kim Knowlton
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jos Lelieveld
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Dept. of Atmospheric Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Qiyong Liu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Paediatric Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Micaela Elvira Martinez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Denise L. Mauzerall
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen Pineo
- Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Justin V. Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Saari
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jon Sampedro
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Pauline Scheelbeek
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Drew Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Taylor
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, Cornwall, UK
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Detlef Van Vuuren
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicholas Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Jason West
- Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen A. Wood
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alistair Woodward
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristie L. Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maitreyi Bordia Das
- Global Programs (Urban, Resilience, Land), The World Bank, Washington DC, USA
| | - Maya Negev
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Carlos Dora
- Environmental Health Governance, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonalde Desai
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samuel S Myers
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee N Salas
- Harvard Global Health Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Maibach
- Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - David Pencheon
- Medical and Health School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nick Watts
- Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change, London, UK
| | - Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Maibach E, Frumkin H, Roser-Renouf C. Climate Silence on the Web Sites of US Health Departments. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:1121-1122. [PMID: 32639908 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Maibach
- Edward Maibach and Connie Roser-Renouf are with the Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Edward Maibach and Connie Roser-Renouf are with the Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Connie Roser-Renouf
- Edward Maibach and Connie Roser-Renouf are with the Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
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20
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Abstract
Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have the potential to shape urban life and significantly modify travel behaviors. "Autonomous technology" means technology that can drive a vehicle without active physical control or monitoring by a human operator. The first AV fleets are already in service in US cities. AVs offer a variety of automation, vehicle ownership, and vehicle use options. AVs could increase some health risks (such as air pollution, noise, and sedentarism); however, if proper regulated, AVs will likely reduce morbidity and mortality from motor vehicle crashes and may help reshape cities to promote healthy urban environments. Healthy models of AV use include fully electric vehicles in a system of ridesharing and ridesplitting. Public health will benefit if proper policies and regulatory frameworks are implemented before the complete introduction of AVs into the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojas-Rueda
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA; .,ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain;
| | - Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain; .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Haneen Khreis
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona 08003, Spain; .,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Center for Advancing Research in Transportation Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), Texas 77843, USA;
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Landrigan
- From the Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good and the Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill (P.J.L.) and Lundberg Health Advocates, Newton (B.E.L.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Wellcome Trust, London (H.F.)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- From the Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good and the Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill (P.J.L.) and Lundberg Health Advocates, Newton (B.E.L.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Wellcome Trust, London (H.F.)
| | - Brita E Lundberg
- From the Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good and the Global Observatory on Pollution and Health, Boston College, Chestnut Hill (P.J.L.) and Lundberg Health Advocates, Newton (B.E.L.) - both in Massachusetts; and the Wellcome Trust, London (H.F.)
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22
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Frumkin H. Health professionals should promote environmentally sustainable lifestyles. BMJ 2019; 367:l6554. [PMID: 31748236 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Our Planet, Our Health, Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, UK
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23
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Bratman GN, Anderson CB, Berman MG, Cochran B, de Vries S, Flanders J, Folke C, Frumkin H, Gross JJ, Hartig T, Kahn PH, Kuo M, Lawler JJ, Levin PS, Lindahl T, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mitchell R, Ouyang Z, Roe J, Scarlett L, Smith JR, van den Bosch M, Wheeler BW, White MP, Zheng H, Daily GC. Nature and mental health: An ecosystem service perspective. Sci Adv 2019. [PMID: 31355340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0903/suppl_file/aax0903_sm.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence is revealing the value of nature experience for mental health. With rapid urbanization and declines in human contact with nature globally, crucial decisions must be made about how to preserve and enhance opportunities for nature experience. Here, we first provide points of consensus across the natural, social, and health sciences on the impacts of nature experience on cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and other dimensions of mental health. We then show how ecosystem service assessments can be expanded to include mental health, and provide a heuristic, conceptual model for doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christopher B Anderson
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marc G Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Sjerp de Vries
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jon Flanders
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Carl Folke
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James J Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter H Kahn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ming Kuo
- Landscape and Human Health Laboratory, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joshua J Lawler
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Phillip S Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Therese Lindahl
- Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jenny Roe
- Center for Design and Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Smith
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benedict W Wheeler
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mathew P White
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gretchen C Daily
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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24
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Bratman GN, Anderson CB, Berman MG, Cochran B, de Vries S, Flanders J, Folke C, Frumkin H, Gross JJ, Hartig T, Kahn PH, Kuo M, Lawler JJ, Levin PS, Lindahl T, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Mitchell R, Ouyang Z, Roe J, Scarlett L, Smith JR, van den Bosch M, Wheeler BW, White MP, Zheng H, Daily GC. Nature and mental health: An ecosystem service perspective. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax0903. [PMID: 31355340 PMCID: PMC6656547 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of empirical evidence is revealing the value of nature experience for mental health. With rapid urbanization and declines in human contact with nature globally, crucial decisions must be made about how to preserve and enhance opportunities for nature experience. Here, we first provide points of consensus across the natural, social, and health sciences on the impacts of nature experience on cognitive functioning, emotional well-being, and other dimensions of mental health. We then show how ecosystem service assessments can be expanded to include mental health, and provide a heuristic, conceptual model for doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N. Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.N.B.); (G.C.D.)
| | - Christopher B. Anderson
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marc G. Berman
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology, and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Sjerp de Vries
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jon Flanders
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Carl Folke
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter H. Kahn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ming Kuo
- Landscape and Human Health Laboratory, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joshua J. Lawler
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Phillip S. Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Therese Lindahl
- Beijer Institute, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Mitchell
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jenny Roe
- Center for Design and Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Smith
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matilda van den Bosch
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benedict W. Wheeler
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mathew P. White
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gretchen C. Daily
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Woods Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Corresponding author. (G.N.B.); (G.C.D.)
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Koehler K, Latshaw M, Matte T, Kass D, Frumkin H, Fox M, Hobbs BF, Wills-Karp M, Burke TA. Building Healthy Community Environments: A Public Health Approach. Public Health Rep 2019; 133:35S-43S. [PMID: 30426875 DOI: 10.1177/0033354918798809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental quality has a profound effect on health and the burden of disease. In the United States, the environment-related burden of disease is increasingly dominated by chronic diseases. At the local level, public health practitioners realize that many policy decisions affecting environmental quality and health transcend the authorities of traditional health department programs. Healthy decisions about the built environment, including housing, transportation, and energy, require broad collaborative efforts. Environmental health professionals have an opportunity to address the shift in public health burden toward chronic diseases and play an important role in the design of healthy communities by bringing data and tools to decision makers. This article provides a guide for community leaders to consider the public health effects of decisions about the built environment. We present a conceptual framework that represents a shift from compartmentalized solutions toward an inclusive systems approach that encourages partnership across disciplines and sectors. We discuss practical tools to assist with environmental decision making, such as Health Impact Assessments, environmental public health tracking, and cumulative risk assessment. We also identify priorities in research, practice, and education to advance the role of public health in decision making to improve health, such as the Health Impact Assessment, as a core competency for environmental health practitioners. We encourage cross-disciplinary communication, research, and education that bring the fields of planning, transportation, and energy in closer collaboration with public health to jointly advance the systems approach to today's environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Koehler
- 1 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan Latshaw
- 1 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mary Fox
- 4 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin F Hobbs
- 1 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marsha Wills-Karp
- 1 Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Burke
- 4 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Multiple global environmental changes (GECs) now under way, including climate change, biodiversity loss, freshwater depletion, tropical deforestation, overexploitation of fisheries, ocean acidification, and soil degradation, have substantial, but still imperfectly understood, implications for human health. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) make a major contribution to the global burden of disease. Many of the driving forces responsible for GEC also influence NCD risk through a range of mechanisms. This article provides an overview of pathways linking GEC and NCDs, focusing on five pathways: ( a) energy, air pollution, and climate change; ( b) urbanization; ( c) food, nutrition, and agriculture; ( d) the deposition of persistent chemicals in the environment; and ( e) biodiversity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Our Planet, Our Health Program, Wellcome Trust, London NW1 2BE, United Kingdom;
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom;
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Frumkin H, Watts N. Health, Science, Faith, and Stewardship. Ecohealth 2018; 15:482-484. [PMID: 30242537 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-018-1373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas Watts
- University College London Institute for Global Health, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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28
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Veerabhadran Ramanathan
- Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
| | - Jonathan Patz
- University of Wisconsin Global Health Institute, Madison
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Watts N, Amann M, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Cox PM, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depledge M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ekins P, Flahault A, Frumkin H, Georgeson L, Ghanei M, Grace D, Graham H, Grojsman R, Haines A, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Johnson A, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kniveton D, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Mace G, Odhiambo Sewe M, Maslin M, Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Latifi AM, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Neville T, Nilsson M, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Schütte S, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet 2018; 391:581-630. [PMID: 29096948 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program and Greenhouse Gas Initiative, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Environmental Migration, Social Vulnerability and daptation section (EMSVA), Institute for Environment and Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Timothy Bouley
- Climate Change Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Center for Science and Technology Policy, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter M Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Meaghan Daly
- Center for Science and Technology Policy, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- International Development Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Ekins
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delia Grace
- Food Safety and Zoonoses Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rébecca Grojsman
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Hartinger
- Unidad de Desarrollo Integral, Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Anne Johnson
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilan Kelman
- UCL Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program and Greenhouse Gas Initiative, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lu Liang
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Lowe
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Slava Mikhaylov
- Institute for Analytics and Data Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Grantham Institute-Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Steve Pye
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Joy Shumake-Guillemot
- WHO/WMO Joint Climate and Health Office, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Steinbach
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Biofuel Research Team, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Centre for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Buse CG, Oestreicher JS, Ellis NR, Patrick R, Brisbois B, Jenkins AP, McKellar K, Kingsley J, Gislason M, Galway L, McFarlane RA, Walker J, Frumkin H, Parkes M. Public health guide to field developments linking ecosystems, environments and health in the Anthropocene. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:420-425. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-210082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of global environmental change have precipitated numerous approaches that connect the health of ecosystems, non-human organisms and humans. However, the proliferation of approaches can lead to confusion due to overlaps in terminology, ideas and foci. Recognising the need for clarity, this paper provides a guide to seven field developments in environmental public health research and practice: occupational and environmental health; political ecology of health; environmental justice; ecohealth; One Health; ecological public health; and planetary health. Field developments are defined in terms of their uniqueness from one another, are historically situated, and core texts or journals are highlighted. The paper ends by discussing some of the intersecting features across field developments, and considers opportunities created through such convergence. This field guide will be useful for those seeking to build a next generation of integrative research, policy, education and action that is equipped to respond to current health and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle
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Frumkin H, Bratman GN, Breslow SJ, Cochran B, Kahn PH, Lawler JJ, Levin PS, Tandon PS, Varanasi U, Wolf KL, Wood SA. Nature Contact and Human Health: A Research Agenda. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:075001. [PMID: 28796634 PMCID: PMC5744722 DOI: 10.1289/ehp1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a time of increasing disconnectedness from nature, scientific interest in the potential health benefits of nature contact has grown. Research in recent decades has yielded substantial evidence, but large gaps remain in our understanding. OBJECTIVES We propose a research agenda on nature contact and health, identifying principal domains of research and key questions that, if answered, would provide the basis for evidence-based public health interventions. DISCUSSION We identify research questions in seven domains: a) mechanistic biomedical studies; b) exposure science; c) epidemiology of health benefits; d) diversity and equity considerations; e) technological nature; f) economic and policy studies; and g) implementation science. CONCLUSIONS Nature contact may offer a range of human health benefits. Although much evidence is already available, much remains unknown. A robust research effort, guided by a focus on key unanswered questions, has the potential to yield high-impact, consequential public health insights. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory N Bratman
- Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University , Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sara Jo Breslow
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Peter H Kahn
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joshua J Lawler
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Phillip S Levin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- The Nature Conservancy , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pooja S Tandon
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, Washington, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Usha Varanasi
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen L Wolf
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- Pacific Northwest Research Station , USDA Forest Service , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Spencer A Wood
- Center for Creative Conservation, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- The Natural Capital Project , Stanford University , Stanford, California, USA
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hunter
- From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (D.J.H., A.J.), and the Harvard Institute for Global Health, Cambridge (A.J.) - both in Massachusetts; and the University of Washington, Seattle (H.F.)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (D.J.H., A.J.), and the Harvard Institute for Global Health, Cambridge (A.J.) - both in Massachusetts; and the University of Washington, Seattle (H.F.)
| | - Ashish Jha
- From the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (D.J.H., A.J.), and the Harvard Institute for Global Health, Cambridge (A.J.) - both in Massachusetts; and the University of Washington, Seattle (H.F.)
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Aelion CM, Airhihenbuwa CO, Alemagno S, Amler RW, Arnett DK, Balas A, Bertozzi S, Blakely CH, Boerwinkle E, Brandt-Rauf P, Buekens PM, Chandler GT, Chang RW, Clark JE, Cleary PD, Curran JW, Curry SJ, Diez Roux AV, Dittus R, Ellerbeck EF, El-Mohandes A, Eriksen MP, Erwin PC, Evans G, Finnegan JR, Fried LP, Frumkin H, Galea S, Goff DC, Goldman LR, Guilarte TR, Rivera-Gutiérrez R, Halverson PK, Hand GA, Harris CM, Healton CG, Hennig N, Heymann J, Hunter D, Hwang W, Jones RM, Klag MJ, Klesges LM, Lahey T, Lawlor EF, Maddock J, Martin WJ, Mazzaschi AJ, Michael M, Mohammed SD, Nasca PC, Nash D, Ogunseitan OA, Perez RA, Perri M, Petersen DJ, Peterson DV, Philbert M, Pinto-Martin J, Raczynski JM, Raskob GE, Rimer BK, Rohrbach LA, Rudkin LL, Siminoff L, Szapocznik J, Thombs D, Torabi MR, Weiler RM, Wetle TF, Williams PL, Wykoff R, Ying J. The US Cancer Moonshot initiative. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:e178-80. [PMID: 27301041 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Marjorie Aelion
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - Sonia Alemagno
- Kent State University College of Public Health, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Robert W Amler
- School of Health Sciences and Practice and Institute of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew Balas
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stefano Bertozzi
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Craig H Blakely
- University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul Brandt-Rauf
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pierre M Buekens
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - G Thomas Chandler
- University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Rowland W Chang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane E Clark
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - James W Curran
- Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan J Curry
- University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Dittus
- Vanderbilt University Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul C Erwin
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Gregory Evans
- Georgia Southern University Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - John R Finnegan
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Linda P Fried
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Goff
- Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lynn R Goldman
- Milken Institute School of Public Health at the George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomas R Guilarte
- Florida International University Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Paul K Halverson
- Indiana University Richard M Fairbanks School of Public Health - Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gregory A Hand
- West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Cynthia M Harris
- Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Cheryl G Healton
- New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nils Hennig
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jody Heymann
- UCLA Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Hunter
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenke Hwang
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Resa M Jones
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael J Klag
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Klesges
- University of Memphis School of Public Health, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Tim Lahey
- Dartmouth-Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Edward F Lawlor
- Washington University in St Louis Brown School Public Health Programs, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay Maddock
- Texas A&M School of Public Health, College Station, TX, USA
| | - William J Martin
- The Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Max Michael
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shan D Mohammed
- MPH Program in Urban Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip C Nasca
- University at Albany SUNY School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Nash
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oladele A Ogunseitan
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ronald A Perez
- Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael Perri
- University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainsville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Philbert
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - James M Raczynski
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Fay W Boozman College of Public Health, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gary E Raskob
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center College of Public Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Barbara K Rimer
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Laura L Rudkin
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston Graduate Program in Public Health, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Siminoff
- Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - José Szapocznik
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dennis Thombs
- University of North Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad R Torabi
- Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Robert M Weiler
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Randy Wykoff
- East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Jun Ying
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Whitmee S, Haines A, Beyrer C, Boltz F, Capon AG, de Souza Dias BF, Ezeh A, Frumkin H, Gong P, Head P, Horton R, Mace GM, Marten R, Myers SS, Nishtar S, Osofsky SA, Pattanayak SK, Pongsiri MJ, Romanelli C, Soucat A, Vega J, Yach D. Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health. Lancet 2015; 386:1973-2028. [PMID: 26188744 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 956] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whitmee
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Andy Haines
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Anthony G Capon
- International Institute for Global Health, United Nations University, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Alex Ezeh
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peng Gong
- Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Head
- The Ecological Sequestration Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Georgina M Mace
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Marten
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; The Rockefeller Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel S Myers
- Center for the Environment, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Subhrendu K Pattanayak
- Sanford School of Public Policy and Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeanette Vega
- The National Chilean Public Health Insurance Agency, Santiago, Chile
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Andrew Haines
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Health is inextricably linked to climate change. It is important for clinicians to understand this relationship in order to discuss associated health risks with their patients and to inform public policy. OBJECTIVES To provide new US-based temperature projections from downscaled climate modeling and to review recent studies on health risks related to climate change and the cobenefits of efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION, AND DATA SYNTHESIS We searched PubMed and Google Scholar from 2009 to 2014 for articles related to climate change and health, focused on governmental reports, predictive models, and empirical epidemiological studies. Of the more than 250 abstracts reviewed, 56 articles were selected. In addition, we analyzed climate data averaged over 13 climate models and based future projections on downscaled probability distributions of the daily maximum temperature for 2046-2065. We also compared maximum daily 8-hour average ozone with air temperature data taken from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Climate Data Center. RESULTS By 2050, many US cities may experience more frequent extreme heat days. For example, New York and Milwaukee may have 3 times their current average number of days hotter than 32°C (90°F). High temperatures are also strongly associated with ozone exceedance days, for example, in Chicago, Illinois. The adverse health aspects related to climate change may include heat-related disorders, such as heat stress and economic consequences of reduced work capacity; respiratory disorders, including those exacerbated by air pollution and aeroallergens, such as asthma; infectious diseases, including vectorborne diseases and waterborne diseases, such as childhood gastrointestinal diseases; food insecurity, including reduced crop yields and an increase in plant diseases; and mental health disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, that are associated with natural disasters. Substantial health and economic cobenefits could be associated with reductions in fossil fuel combustion. For example, greenhouse gas emission policies may yield net economic benefit, with health benefits from air quality improvements potentially offsetting the cost of US and international carbon policies. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Evidence over the past 20 years indicates that climate change can be associated with adverse health outcomes. Health care professionals have an important role in understanding and communicating the related potential health concerns and the cobenefits from policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Patz
- Global Health Institute, Madison, Wisconsin2Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 3Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tracey Holloway
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 5Department of Atmospheric/Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Daniel J Vimont
- Department of Atmospheric/Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison6Nelson Institute, Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Andrew Haines
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England8Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England
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Graedel TE, Swackhamer D, Anex R, Carroll WF, Daigger GT, Ferrão P, Frumkin H, Katzen S, Palmisano A, Polasky S, Scarlett L, Stephens R, Zeise L. Sustainability for the nation: resource connections and governance linkages. Environ Sci Technol 2014. [PMID: 24910888 DOI: 10.17226/13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T E Graedel
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Graedel TE, Swackhamer D, Anex R, Carroll WF, Daigger GT, Ferrão P, Frumkin H, Katzen S, Palmisano A, Polasky S, Scarlett L, Stephens R, Zeise L. Sustainability for the nation: resource connections and governance linkages. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:7197-7199. [PMID: 24910888 DOI: 10.1021/es502328v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T E Graedel
- Center for Industrial Ecology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne Miller
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
Urbanization, resource exploitation, and lifestyle changes have diminished possibilities for human contact with nature in urbanized societies. Concern about the loss has helped motivate research on the health benefits of contact with nature. Reviewing that research here, we focus on nature as represented by aspects of the physical environment relevant to planning, design, and policy measures that serve broad segments of urbanized societies. We discuss difficulties in defining "nature" and reasons for the current expansion of the research field, and we assess available reviews. We then consider research on pathways between nature and health involving air quality, physical activity, social cohesion, and stress reduction. Finally, we discuss methodological issues and priorities for future research. The extant research does describe an array of benefits of contact with nature, and evidence regarding some benefits is strong; however, some findings indicate caution is needed in applying beliefs about those benefits, and substantial gaps in knowledge remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Hartig
- Institute for Housing and Urban Research, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Frumkin H, Hernández-Avila M, Torres FE. Maquiladoras: A Case Study of Free Trade Zones. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/oeh.1995.1.2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Dannenberg AL, Wu P, Frumkin H. The role of physicians in promoting healthier built environments. Am J Prev Med 2013; 44:e67-9. [PMID: 23683992 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Dannenberg
- Healthy Community Design Initiative, National Center for Environmental Health, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Smith KR, Frumkin H, Balakrishnan K, Butler CD, Chafe ZA, Fairlie I, Kinney P, Kjellstrom T, Mauzerall DL, McKone TE, McMichael AJ, Schneider M. Energy and Human Health. Annu Rev Public Health 2013; 34:159-88. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195;
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai-600116, India;
| | - Colin D. Butler
- Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Zoë A. Chafe
- School of Public Health,
- Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-7360; ,
| | - Ian Fairlie
- Independent Consultant on Radioactivity in the Environment, United Kingdom;
| | - Patrick Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Center for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden; and National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 Australia;
| | - Denise L. Mauzerall
- Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544;
| | - Thomas E. McKone
- School of Public Health,
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Anthony J. McMichael
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia;
| | - Mycle Schneider
- Independent Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy, Paris, France;
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Abstract
Climate change is a complex, long-term public health challenge. Older people are especially susceptible to certain climate change impacts, such as heat waves. We suggest that older people may be a resource for addressing climate change because of their concern for legacy--for leaving behind values, attitudes, and an intact world to their children and grandchildren. We review the theoretical basis for "legacy thinking" among older people. We offer suggestions for research on this phenomenon, and for action to strengthen the sense of legacy. At a time when older populations are growing, understanding and promoting legacy thinking may offer an important strategy for addressing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Frumkin H, Helfand I. A prescription for survival: prevention of nuclear war. Am J Prev Med 2012; 42:329-31. [PMID: 22341172 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard Frumkin
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
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Richardson EA, Mitchell R, Hartig T, de Vries S, Astell-Burt T, Frumkin H. Green cities and health: a question of scale? J Epidemiol Community Health 2011; 66:160-5. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.137240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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