1
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Raab M, Christodoulou E, Krishnankutty R, Gradinaru A, Walker AD, Olaizola P, Younger NT, Lyons AM, Jarman EJ, Gournopanos K, von Kriegsheim A, Waddell SH, Boulter L. Van Gogh-like 2 is essential for the architectural patterning of the mammalian biliary tree. J Hepatol 2024:S0168-8278(24)00149-1. [PMID: 38460794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In the developing liver, bipotent epithelial progenitor cells undergo lineage segregation to form hepatocytes, which constitute the bulk of the liver parenchyma, and biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), which comprise the bile duct (a complex tubular network that is critical for normal liver function). Notch and TGFβ signalling promote the formation of a sheet of biliary epithelial cells, the ductal plate, that organises into discontinuous tubular structures. How these structures elongate and connect to form a continuous duct remains undefined. We aimed to define the mechanisms by which the ductal plate transitions from a simple sheet of epithelial cells into a complex and connected bile duct. METHODS By combining single-cell RNA sequencing of embryonic mouse livers with genetic tools and organoid models we functionally dissected the role of planar cell polarity in duct patterning. RESULTS We show that the planar cell polarity protein VANGL2 is expressed late in intrahepatic bile duct development and patterns the formation of cell-cell contacts between biliary cells. The patterning of these cell contacts regulates the normal polarisation of the actin cytoskeleton within biliary cells and loss of Vangl2 function results in the abnormal distribution of cortical actin remodelling, leading to the failure of bile duct formation. CONCLUSIONS Planar cell polarity is a critical step in the post-specification sculpture of the bile duct and is essential for establishing normal tissue architecture. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Like other branched tissues, such as the lung and kidney, the bile ducts use planar cell polarity signalling to coordinate cell movements; however, how these biochemical signals are linked to ductular patterning remains unclear. Here we show that the core planar cell polarity protein VANGL2 patterns how cell-cell contacts form in the mammalian bile duct and how ductular cells transmit confluent mechanical changes along the length of a duct. This work sheds light on how biological tubes are patterned across mammalian tissues (including within the liver) and will be important in how we promote ductular growth in patients where the duct is mis-patterned or poorly formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Raab
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ersi Christodoulou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Andreea Gradinaru
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | - Paula Olaizola
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - Edward Joseph Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | | | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK; Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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2
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O'Rourke CJ, Salati M, Rae C, Carpino G, Leslie H, Pea A, Prete MG, Bonetti LR, Amato F, Montal R, Upstill-Goddard R, Nixon C, Sanchon-Sanchez P, Kunderfranco P, Sia D, Gaudio E, Overi D, Cascinu S, Hogdall D, Pugh S, Domingo E, Primrose JN, Bridgewater J, Spallanzani A, Gelsomino F, Llovet JM, Calvisi DF, Boulter L, Caputo F, Lleo A, Jamieson NB, Luppi G, Dominici M, Andersen JB, Braconi C. Molecular portraits of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma who diverge as rapid progressors or long survivors on chemotherapy. Gut 2024; 73:496-508. [PMID: 37758326 PMCID: PMC10894814 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cytotoxic agents are the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), despite heterogeneous benefit. We hypothesised that the pretreatment molecular profiles of diagnostic biopsies can predict patient benefit from chemotherapy and define molecular bases of innate chemoresistance. DESIGN We identified a cohort of advanced iCCA patients with comparable baseline characteristics who diverged as extreme outliers on chemotherapy (survival <6 m in rapid progressors, RP; survival >23 m in long survivors, LS). Diagnostic biopsies were characterised by digital pathology, then subjected to whole-transcriptome profiling of bulk and geospatially macrodissected tissue regions. Spatial transcriptomics of tumour-infiltrating myeloid cells was performed using targeted digital spatial profiling (GeoMx). Transcriptome signatures were evaluated in multiple cohorts of resected cancers. Signatures were also characterised using in vitro cell lines, in vivo mouse models and single cell RNA-sequencing data. RESULTS Pretreatment transcriptome profiles differentiated patients who would become RPs or LSs on chemotherapy. Biologically, this signature originated from altered tumour-myeloid dynamics, implicating tumour-induced immune tolerogenicity with poor response to chemotherapy. The central role of the liver microenviroment was confrmed by the association of the RPLS transcriptome signature with clinical outcome in iCCA but not extrahepatic CCA, and in liver metastasis from colorectal cancer, but not in the matched primary bowel tumours. CONCLUSIONS The RPLS signature could be a novel metric of chemotherapy outcome in iCCA. Further development and validation of this transcriptomic signature is warranted to develop precision chemotherapy strategies in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Salati
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Colin Rae
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Holly Leslie
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Antonio Pea
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maria G Prete
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luca R Bonetti
- Division of Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Montal
- Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Cancer Research Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Daniela Sia
- Liver Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, BCLC Group, Liver Unit and Pathology Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Diletta Overi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Dan Hogdall
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sian Pugh
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Gelsomino
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Josep M Llovet
- Translational Research in Hepatic Oncology, Liver Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg Faculty of Medicine, Regensburg, Germany
- Medical, Surgical, and Clinical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC HGU, The University of Edinburgh MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- CRUK Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow-Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francesco Caputo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Ana Lleo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow-Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriele Luppi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Braconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow-Edinburgh, UK
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Jagatia R, Doornebal EJ, Rastovic U, Harris N, Feyide M, Lyons AM, Miquel R, Zen Y, Zamalloa A, Malik F, Prachalias A, Menon K, Boulter L, Eaton S, Heaton N, Phillips S, Chokshi S, Palma E. Patient-derived precision cut tissue slices from primary liver cancer as a potential platform for preclinical drug testing. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104826. [PMID: 37806285 PMCID: PMC10667128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The exploitation of anti-tumour immunity, harnessed through immunomodulatory therapies, has fundamentally changed the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC). However, this has posed significant challenges in preclinical research. Novel immunologically relevant models for PLC are urgently required to improve the translation from bench to bedside and back, explore and predict effective combinatorial therapies, aid novel drug discovery and develop personalised treatment modalities. METHODS We used human precision-cut tissue slices (PCTS) derived from resected tumours to create a patient-specific immunocompetent disease model that captures the multifaceted and intricate heterogeneity of the tumour and the tumour microenvironment. Tissue architecture, tumour viability and treatment response to single agent and combination therapies were assessed longitudinally over 8 days of ex vivo culture by histological analysis, detection of proliferation/cell death markers, ATP content via HPLC. Immune cell infiltrate was assessed using PCR and immunofluorescence. Checkpoint receptor expression was quantified via Quantigene RNA assay. FINDINGS After optimising the culture conditions, PCTS maintained the original tissue architecture, including tumour morphology, stroma and tumour-infiltrated leukocytes. Moreover, PCTS retained the tumour-specific immunophenotype over time, suggesting the utility of PCTS to investigate immunotherapeutic drug efficacy and identify non-responsiveness. INTERPRETATION Here we have characterised the PCTS model and demonstrated its effectiveness as a robust preclinical tool that will significantly support the development of successful (immuno)therapeutic strategies for PLC. FUNDING Foundation for Liver Research, London.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Jagatia
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ewald J Doornebal
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Una Rastovic
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Harris
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Moyosoreoluwa Feyide
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Anabel Martinez Lyons
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh Zen
- Liver Histopathology Laboratory, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Zamalloa
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Farooq Malik
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Prachalias
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; Cancer Research UK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Eaton
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Heaton
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital and King's College London, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Phillips
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Palma
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, 111, Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NT, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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4
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Waddell SH, Yao Y, Olaizola P, Walker A, Jarman EJ, Gournopanos K, Gradinaru A, Christodoulou E, Gautier P, Boerrigter MM, Cadamuro M, Fabris L, Drenth JPH, Kendall TJ, Banales JM, Khamseh A, Mill P, Boulter L. A TGFβ-ECM-integrin signaling axis drives structural reconfiguration of the bile duct to promote polycystic liver disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq5930. [PMID: 37703354 PMCID: PMC7615241 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of multiple cysts in the liver occurs in a number of isolated monogenic diseases or multisystemic syndromes, during which bile ducts develop into fluid-filled biliary cysts. For patients with polycystic liver disease (PCLD), nonsurgical treatments are limited, and managing life-long abdominal swelling, pain, and increasing risk of cyst rupture and infection is common. We demonstrate here that loss of the primary cilium on postnatal biliary epithelial cells (via the deletion of the cilia gene Wdr35) drives ongoing pathological remodeling of the biliary tree, resulting in progressive cyst formation and growth. The development of cystic tissue requires the activation of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling, which promotes the expression of a procystic, fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix and which itself is perceived by a changing profile of integrin receptors on the cystic epithelium. This signaling axis is conserved in liver cysts from patients with either autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease or autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease, indicating that there are common cellular mechanisms for liver cyst growth regardless of the underlying genetic cause. Cyst number and size can be reduced by inhibiting TGFβ signaling or integrin signaling in vivo. We suggest that our findings represent a therapeutic route for patients with polycystic liver disease, most of whom would not be amenable to surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Yuelin Yao
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
- School of Informatics- University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH8 9AB
| | - Paula Olaizola
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain, 20014
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK EH16 4TJ
| | - Alexander Walker
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Edward J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Konstantinos Gournopanos
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Andreea Gradinaru
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Ersi Christodoulou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Melissa M Boerrigter
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Center- 6525 GA Nijmegen- Netherlands
| | | | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joost PH Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University, Nijmegen Medical Center- 6525 GA Nijmegen- Netherlands
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK EH16 4TJ
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain, 20014
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, CIBERehd, “Instituto de Salud Carlos III”, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ava Khamseh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
- School of Informatics- University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH8 9AB
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh- Edinburgh- UK, EH4 2XU
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK, EH4 2XU
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5
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. NOTCH signalling - a core regulator of bile duct disease? Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050231. [PMID: 37605966 PMCID: PMC10461466 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, fate determination and maintenance of stem/progenitor cell populations across tissues. Although it was originally identified as a critical regulator of embryonic liver development, NOTCH signalling activation has been associated with the pathogenesis of a number of paediatric and adult liver diseases. It remains unclear, however, what role NOTCH actually plays in these pathophysiological processes and whether NOTCH activity represents the reactivation of a conserved developmental programme that is essential for adult tissue repair. In this Review, we explore the concepts that NOTCH signalling reactivation in the biliary epithelium is a reiterative and essential response to bile duct damage and that, in disease contexts in which biliary epithelial cells need to be regenerated, NOTCH signalling supports ductular regrowth. Furthermore, we evaluate the recent literature on NOTCH signalling as a critical factor in progenitor-mediated hepatocyte regeneration, which indicates that the mitogenic role for NOTCH signalling in biliary epithelial cell proliferation has also been co-opted to support other forms of epithelial regeneration in the adult liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- CRUK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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6
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Farley AM, Chengrui A, Palmer S, Liu D, Kousa AI, Rouse P, Major V, Sweetman J, Morys J, Corsinotti A, Nichols J, Ure J, McLay R, Boulter L, Chapman SJ, Tomlinson SR, Blackburn CC. Thymic epithelial cell fate and potency in early organogenesis assessed by single cell transcriptional and functional analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1202163. [PMID: 37559721 PMCID: PMC10407560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, cortical (c) and medullary (m) thymic epithelial cells (TEC) arise from the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm. Current models suggest that within the thymic primordium most TEC exist in a bipotent/common thymic epithelial progenitor cell (TEPC) state able to generate both cTEC and mTEC, at least until embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) in the mouse. This view, however, is challenged by recent transcriptomics and genetic evidence. We therefore set out to investigate the fate and potency of TEC in the early thymus. Here using single cell (sc) RNAseq we identify a candidate mTEC progenitor population at E12.5, consistent with recent reports. Via lineage-tracing we demonstrate this population as mTEC fate-restricted, validating our bioinformatics prediction. Using potency analyses we also establish that most E11.5 and E12.5 progenitor TEC are cTEC-fated. Finally we show that overnight culture causes most if not all E12.5 cTEC-fated TEPC to acquire functional bipotency, and provide a likely molecular mechanism for this changed differentiation potential. Collectively, our data overturn the widely held view that a common TEPC predominates in the E12.5 thymus, showing instead that sublineage-primed progenitors are present from the earliest stages of thymus organogenesis but that these early fetal TEPC exhibit cell-fate plasticity in response to extrinsic factors. Our data provide a significant advance in the understanding of fetal thymic epithelial development and thus have implications for thymus-related clinical research, in particular research focussed on generating TEC from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Mary Farley
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - An Chengrui
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Palmer
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dong Liu
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia I. Kousa
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Rouse
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoria Major
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Sweetman
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Morys
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Corsinotti
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Ure
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Renee McLay
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - S. Jon Chapman
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Tomlinson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C. Clare Blackburn
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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7
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O'Sullivan ED, Mylonas KJ, Xin C, Baird DP, Carvalho C, Docherty MH, Campbell R, Matchett KP, Waddell SH, Walker AD, Gallagher KM, Jia S, Leung S, Laird A, Wilflingseder J, Willi M, Reck M, Finnie S, Pisco A, Gordon-Keylock S, Medvinsky A, Boulter L, Henderson NC, Kirschner K, Chandra T, Conway BR, Hughes J, Denby L, Bonventre JV, Ferenbach DA. Indian Hedgehog release from TNF-activated renal epithelia drives local and remote organ fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn0736. [PMID: 37256934 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Progressive fibrosis is a feature of aging and chronic tissue injury in multiple organs, including the kidney and heart. Glioma-associated oncogene 1 expressing (Gli1+) cells are a major source of activated fibroblasts in multiple organs, but the links between injury, inflammation, and Gli1+ cell expansion and tissue fibrosis remain incompletely understood. We demonstrated that leukocyte-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoted Gli1+ cell proliferation and cardiorenal fibrosis through induction and release of Indian Hedgehog (IHH) from renal epithelial cells. Using single-cell-resolution transcriptomic analysis, we identified an "inflammatory" proximal tubular epithelial (iPT) population contributing to TNF- and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-induced IHH production in vivo. TNF-induced Ubiquitin D (Ubd) expression was observed in human proximal tubular cells in vitro and during murine and human renal disease and aging. Studies using pharmacological and conditional genetic ablation of TNF-induced IHH signaling revealed that IHH activated canonical Hedgehog signaling in Gli1+ cells, which led to their activation, proliferation, and fibrosis within the injured and aging kidney and heart. These changes were inhibited in mice by Ihh deletion in Pax8-expressing cells or by pharmacological blockade of TNF, NF-κB, or Gli1 signaling. Increased amounts of circulating IHH were associated with loss of renal function and higher rates of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thus, IHH connects leukocyte activation to Gli1+ cell expansion and represents a potential target for therapies to inhibit inflammation-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin D O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cuiyan Xin
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David P Baird
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cyril Carvalho
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marie-Helena Docherty
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Ross Campbell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kylie P Matchett
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Scott H Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander D Walker
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kevin M Gallagher
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Siyang Jia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Steve Leung
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alexander Laird
- Department of Urology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Julia Wilflingseder
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Willi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maximilian Reck
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sarah Finnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Angela Pisco
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kristina Kirschner
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Tamir Chandra
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Bryan R Conway
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hughes
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Boulter L. Living on the edge: how stromal cells restrict liver cancer invasion. Dis Model Mech 2023. [DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XU , UK
- Cancer Research UK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh EH4 2XU , UK
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9
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Calvisi DF, Boulter L, Vaquero J, Saborowski A, Fabris L, Rodrigues PM, Coulouarn C, Castro RE, Segatto O, Raggi C, van der Laan LJW, Carpino G, Goeppert B, Roessler S, Kendall TJ, Evert M, Gonzalez-Sanchez E, Valle JW, Vogel A, Bridgewater J, Borad MJ, Gores GJ, Roberts LR, Marin JJG, Andersen JB, Alvaro D, Forner A, Banales JM, Cardinale V, Macias RIR, Vicent S, Chen X, Braconi C, Verstegen MMA, Fouassier L. Criteria for preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma: scientific and medical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y. [PMID: 36755084 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare malignancy that develops at any point along the biliary tree. CCA has a poor prognosis, its clinical management remains challenging, and effective treatments are lacking. Therefore, preclinical research is of pivotal importance and necessary to acquire a deeper understanding of CCA and improve therapeutic outcomes. Preclinical research involves developing and managing complementary experimental models, from in vitro assays using primary cells or cell lines cultured in 2D or 3D to in vivo models with engrafted material, chemically induced CCA or genetically engineered models. All are valuable tools with well-defined advantages and limitations. The choice of a preclinical model is guided by the question(s) to be addressed; ideally, results should be recapitulated in independent approaches. In this Consensus Statement, a task force of 45 experts in CCA molecular and cellular biology and clinicians, including pathologists, from ten countries provides recommendations on the minimal criteria for preclinical models to provide a uniform approach. These recommendations are based on two rounds of questionnaires completed by 35 (first round) and 45 (second round) experts to reach a consensus with 13 statements. An agreement was defined when at least 90% of the participants voting anonymously agreed with a statement. The ultimate goal was to transfer basic laboratory research to the clinics through increased disease understanding and to develop clinical biomarkers and innovative therapies for patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scottish Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Javier Vaquero
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Saborowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy.,Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes 1, OSS (Oncogenesis Stress Signalling), UMR_S 1242, Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Rui E Castro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Ludwigsburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Kantonsspital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Roessler
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ester Gonzalez-Sanchez
- TGF-β and Cancer Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Liver Unit, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Group, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Biomedical Research Institute on Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silve Vicent
- University of Navarra, Centre for Applied Medical Research, Program in Solid Tumours, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Braconi
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplantation Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.
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10
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Jarman EJ, Horcas‐Lopez M, Waddell SH, MacMaster S, Gournopanos K, Soong DYH, Musialik K, Tsokkou P, Ng M, Cambridge WA, Wilson DH, Kagey MH, Newman W, Pollard JW, Boulter L. DKK1 drives immune suppressive phenotypes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and can be targeted with anti-DKK1 therapeutic DKN-01. Liver Int 2023; 43:208-220. [PMID: 35924447 PMCID: PMC10087034 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is associated with poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here, we show that DKK1 plays an immune regulatory role in vivo and inhibition reduces tumour growth. METHODS Various in vivo GEMM mouse models and patient samples were utilized to assess the effects of tumour specific DKK1 overexpression in iCCA. DKK1-driven changes to the tumour immune microenvironment were characterized by immunostaining and gene expression analysis. DKK1 overexpressing and damage-induced models of iCCA were used to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of DKK1 inhibition in these contexts using the anti-DKK1 therapeutic, DKN-01. RESULTS DKK1 overexpression in mouse models of iCCA drives an increase in chemokine and cytokine signalling, the recruitment of regulatory macrophages, and promotes the formation of a tolerogenic niche with higher numbers of regulatory T cells. We show a similar association of DKK1 with FOXP3 and regulatory T cells in patient tissue and gene expression data, demonstrating these effects are relevant to human iCCA. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of DKK1 with the monoclonal antibody mDKN-01 is effective at reducing tumour burden in two distinct mouse models of the disease. CONCLUSION DKK1 promotes tumour immune evasion in iCCA through the recruitment of immune suppressive macrophages. Targeting DKK1 with a neutralizing antibody is effective at reducing tumour growth in vivo. As such, DKK1 targeted and immune modulatory therapies may be an effective strategy in iCCA patients with high DKK1 tumour expression or tolerogenic immune phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marta Horcas‐Lopez
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Scott H. Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Stephanie MacMaster
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Daniel Y. H. Soong
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Kamila I. Musialik
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Panagiota Tsokkou
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Minn‐E Ng
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - William A. Cambridge
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Department of Clinical SurgeryUniversity of Edinburgh, Little France CrescentEdinburghUK
| | - David H. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Jeffrey W. Pollard
- MRC Centre for Reproductive HealthQueen's Medical Research Institute, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics UnitInstitute of Genetics and Cancer, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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11
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Man TY, Esser H, Aird R, Kilpatrick AM, Rodrigo-Torres D, Younger N, Campana L, Gadd VL, Dwyer B, Aleksieva N, Boulter L, Macmillan MT, Wang Y, Mylonas KJ, Ferenbach DA, Kendall TJ, Lu WY, Acosta JC, Kurian D, O'Neill S, Oniscu GC, Banales JM, Krimpenfort PJ, Forbes SJ. Senolytic treatment preserves biliary regenerative capacity lost through cellular senescence during cold storage. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj4375. [PMID: 36475903 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, nonanastomotic strictures (characterized by the progressive loss of biliary tract architecture) continue to occur after liver transplantation, negatively affecting liver function and frequently leading to graft loss and retransplantation. To study the biological effects of organ preservation before liver transplantation, we generated murine models that recapitulate liver procurement and static cold storage. In these models, we explored the response of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to cold storage, focusing on responses that affect liver regeneration, including DNA damage, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. We show that biliary senescence was induced during organ retrieval and exacerbated during static cold storage, resulting in impaired biliary regeneration. We identified decoy receptor 2 (DCR2)-dependent responses in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes, which differentially affected the outcome of those populations during cold storage. Moreover, CRISPR-mediated DCR2 knockdown in vitro increased cholangiocyte proliferation and decreased cellular senescence but had the opposite effect in hepatocytes. Using the p21KO model to inhibit senescence onset, we showed that biliary tract architecture was better preserved during cold storage. Similar results were achieved by administering senolytic ABT737 to mice before procurement. Last, we perfused senolytics into discarded human donor livers and showed that biliary architecture and regenerative capacities were better preserved. Our results indicate that cholangiocytes are susceptible to senescence and identify the use of senolytics and the combination of senotherapies and machine-perfusion preservation to prevent this phenotype and reduce the incidence of biliary injury after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Hannah Esser
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Centre of Operative Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Rhona Aird
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Daniel Rodrigo-Torres
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Nicholas Younger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin Dwyer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Niya Aleksieva
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark T Macmillan
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Yinmiao Wang
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A Ferenbach
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Centre for Inflammation Research (CIR), University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN, C/ Albert Einstein 22, Santander, 39011, Spain
| | - Dominic Kurian
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Unit, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Stephen O'Neill
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Belfast City Hospital, 51 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7AB, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Block A, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Gabriel C Oniscu
- Edinburgh Transplant Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
- Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian 20014, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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12
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Millar FR, Pennycuick A, Muir M, Quintanilla A, Hari P, Freyer E, Gautier P, Meynert A, Grimes G, Coll CS, Zdral S, Victorelli S, Teixeira VH, Connelly J, Passos JF, Ros MA, Wallace WAH, Frame MC, Sims AH, Boulter L, Janes SM, Wilkinson S, Acosta JC. Toll-like receptor 2 orchestrates a tumor suppressor response in non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111596. [PMID: 36351380 PMCID: PMC10197427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting early-stage lung cancer is vital to improve survival. However, the mechanisms and components of the early tumor suppressor response in lung cancer are not well understood. In this report, we study the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a regulator of oncogene-induced senescence, which is a key tumor suppressor response in premalignancy. Using human lung cancer samples and genetically engineered mouse models, we show that TLR2 is active early in lung tumorigenesis, where it correlates with improved survival and clinical regression. Mechanistically, TLR2 impairs early lung cancer progression via activation of cell intrinsic cell cycle arrest pathways and the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP regulates non-cell autonomous anti-tumor responses, such as immune surveillance of premalignant cells, and we observe impaired myeloid cell recruitment to lung tumors after Tlr2 loss. Last, we show that administration of a TLR2 agonist reduces lung tumor growth, highlighting TLR2 as a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser R Millar
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Adam Pennycuick
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Priya Hari
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Philippe Gautier
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Carla Salomo Coll
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sofia Zdral
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Stella Victorelli
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vitor H Teixeira
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - John Connelly
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Department of Pathology, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - João F Passos
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | | | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Simon Wilkinson
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK; Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnologia de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC, Universidad de Cantabria), C/ Albert Einstein 22, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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13
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Lüdde T, Boulter L. Joining the dots - NEDDylation in cancer cells regulates the tumour environment in cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol 2022; 77:12-14. [PMID: 35490843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Lüdde
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine, University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, United Kingdom.
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14
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Younger NT, Wilson ML, Martinez Lyons A, Jarman EJ, Meynert AM, Grimes GR, Gournopanos K, Waddell SH, Tennant PA, Wilson DH, Guest RV, Wigmore SJ, Acosta JC, Kendall TJ, Taylor MS, Sproul D, Mill P, Boulter L. In Vivo Modeling of Patient Genetic Heterogeneity Identifies New Ways to Target Cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:1548-1559. [PMID: 35074757 PMCID: PMC9359731 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive malignancy of the bile ducts within the liver characterized by high levels of genetic heterogeneity. In the context of such genetic variability, determining which oncogenic mutations drive ICC growth has been difficult, and developing modes of patient stratification and targeted therapies remains challenging. Here we model the interactions between rare mutations with more common driver genes and combine in silico analysis of patient data with highly multiplexed in vivo CRISPR-spCas9 screens to perform a functional in vivo study into the role genetic heterogeneity plays in driving ICC. Novel tumor suppressors were uncovered, which, when lost, cooperate with the RAS oncoprotein to drive ICC growth. Focusing on a set of driver mutations that interact with KRAS to initiate aggressive, sarcomatoid-type ICC revealed that tumor growth relies on Wnt and PI3K signaling. Pharmacologic coinhibition of Wnt and PI3K in vivo impeded ICC growth regardless of mutational profile. Therefore, Wnt and PI3K activity should be considered as a signature by which patients can be stratified for treatment independent of tumor genotype, and inhibitors of these pathways should be levied to treat ICC. SIGNIFICANCE This work shows that, despite significant genetic heterogeneity, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma relies on a limited number of signaling pathways to grow, suggesting common therapeutic vulnerabilities across patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T. Younger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mollie L. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anabel Martinez Lyons
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M. Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme R. Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Gournopanos
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Scott H. Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter A. Tennant
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V. Guest
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wigmore
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Kendall
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin S. Taylor
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Sproul
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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15
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Martinez Lyons A, Boulter L. The developmental origins of Notch-driven intrahepatic bile duct disorders. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048413. [PMID: 34549776 PMCID: PMC8480193 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of cell-cell communication that mediates cellular proliferation, cell fate specification, and maintenance of stem and progenitor cell populations. In the vertebrate liver, an absence of Notch signaling results in failure to form bile ducts, a complex tubular network that radiates throughout the liver, which, in healthy individuals, transports bile from the liver into the bowel. Loss of a functional biliary network through congenital malformations during development results in cholestasis and necessitates liver transplantation. Here, we examine to what extent Notch signaling is necessary throughout embryonic life to initiate the proliferation and specification of biliary cells and concentrate on the animal and human models that have been used to define how perturbations in this signaling pathway result in developmental liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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16
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Boulter L, Ebrahimkhani MR. Build to understand biliary oncogenesis via organoids and FGFR2 fusion proteins. J Hepatol 2021; 75:262-264. [PMID: 34029636 PMCID: PMC8887813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Mo R Ebrahimkhani
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Minnis-Lyons SE, Ferreira-González S, Aleksieva N, Man TY, Gadd VL, Williams MJ, Guest RV, Lu WY, Dwyer BJ, Jamieson T, Nixon C, Van Hul N, Lemaigre FP, McCafferty J, Leclercq IA, Sansom OJ, Boulter L, Forbes SJ. Notch-IGF1 signaling during liver regeneration drives biliary epithelial cell expansion and inhibits hepatocyte differentiation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eaay9185. [PMID: 34158399 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay9185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the adult liver, a population of facultative progenitor cells called biliary epithelial cells (BECs) proliferate and differentiate into cholangiocytes and hepatocytes after injury, thereby restoring liver function. In mammalian models of chronic liver injury, Notch signaling is essential for bile duct formation from these cells. However, the continual proliferation of BECs and differentiation of hepatocytes in these models have limited their use for determining whether Notch signaling is required for BECs to replenish hepatocytes after injury in the mammalian liver. Here, we used a temporally restricted model of hepatic repair in which large-scale hepatocyte injury and regeneration are initiated through the acute loss of Mdm2 in hepatocytes, resulting in the rapid, coordinated proliferation of BECs. We found that transient, early activation of Notch1- and Notch3-mediated signaling and entrance into the cell cycle preceded the phenotypic expansion of BECs into hepatocytes. Notch inhibition reduced BEC proliferation, which resulted in failure of BECs to differentiate into hepatocytes, indicating that Notch-dependent expansion of BECs is essential for hepatocyte regeneration. Notch signaling increased the abundance of the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in BECs, and activating IGFR signaling increased BEC numbers but suppressed BEC differentiation into hepatocytes. These results suggest that different signaling mechanisms control BEC expansion and hepatocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Minnis-Lyons
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Niya Aleksieva
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Victoria L Gadd
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael J Williams
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel V Guest
- Clinical Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh and University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin J Dwyer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tam Jamieson
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
| | - Noemi Van Hul
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - John McCafferty
- IONTAS Ltd., Iconix Park, London Road, Pampisford, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Isabelle A Leclercq
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
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18
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Bellanti F, di Bello G, Iannelli G, Pannone G, Pedicillo MC, Boulter L, Lu WY, Tamborra R, Villani R, Vendemiale G, Forbes SJ, Serviddio G. Inhibition of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 promotes hepatic progenitor cell activation and differentiation. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:28. [PMID: 34039998 PMCID: PMC8155039 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The stem cell ability to self-renew and lead regeneration relies on the balance of complex signals in their microenvironment. The identification of modulators of hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) activation is determinant for liver regeneration and may improve cell transplantation for end-stage liver disease. This investigation used different models to point out the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) as a key regulator of the HPC fate. We initially proved that in vivo models of biliary epithelial cells (BECs)/HPC activation show hepatic oxidative stress, which activates primary BECs/HPCs in vitro. NRF2 downregulation and silencing were associated with morphological, phenotypic, and functional modifications distinctive of differentiated cells. Furthermore, NRF2 activation in the biliary tract repressed the ductular reaction in injured liver. To definitely assess the importance of NRF2 in HPC biology, we applied a xenograft model by inhibiting NRF2 in the human derived HepaRG cell line and transplanting into SCID/beige mice administered with anti-Fas antibody to induce hepatocellular apoptosis; this resulted in effective human hepatocyte repopulation with reduced liver injury. To conclude, NRF2 inhibition leads to the activation and differentiation of liver progenitors. This redox-dependent transcription factor represents a potential target to regulate the commitment of undifferentiated hepatic progenitors into specific lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giorgia di Bello
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Iannelli
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pannone
- Anatomical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Pedicillo
- Anatomical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham, UK
| | - Rosanna Tamborra
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosanna Villani
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Vendemiale
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gaetano Serviddio
- Centre for Experimental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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19
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Dwyer BJ, Jarman EJ, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Boulter L, Guest RV, Kendall TJ, Kurian D, Kilpatrick AM, Robson AJ, O'Duibhir E, Man TY, Campana L, Starkey Lewis PJ, Wigmore SJ, Olynyk JK, Ramm GA, Tirnitz-Parker JEE, Forbes SJ. TWEAK/Fn14 signalling promotes cholangiocarcinoma niche formation and progression. J Hepatol 2021; 74:860-872. [PMID: 33221352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer of the hepatic bile ducts that is rarely resectable and is associated with poor prognosis. Tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is known to signal via its receptor fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) and induce cholangiocyte and myofibroblast proliferation in liver injury. We aimed to characterise its role in CCA. METHODS The expression of the TWEAK ligand and Fn14 receptor was assessed immunohistochemically and by bulk RNA and single cell transcriptomics of human liver tissue. Spatiotemporal dynamics of pathway regulation were comprehensively analysed in rat and mouse models of thioacetamide (TAA)-mediated CCA. Flow cytometry, qPCR and proteomic analyses of CCA cell lines and conditioned medium experiments with primary macrophages were performed to evaluate the downstream functions of TWEAK/Fn14. In vivo pathway manipulation was assessed via TWEAK overexpression in NICD/AKT-induced CCA or genetic Fn14 knockout during TAA-mediated carcinogenesis. RESULTS Our data reveal TWEAK and Fn14 overexpression in multiple human CCA cohorts, and Fn14 upregulation in early TAA-induced carcinogenesis. TWEAK regulated the secretion of factors from CC-SW-1 and SNU-1079 CCA cells, inducing polarisation of proinflammatory CD206+ macrophages. Pharmacological blocking of the TWEAK downstream target chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) significantly reduced CCA xenograft growth, while TWEAK overexpression drove cancer-associated fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the tumour niche. Genetic Fn14 ablation significantly reduced inflammatory, fibrogenic and ductular responses during carcinogenic TAA-mediated injury. CONCLUSION These novel data provide evidence for the action of TWEAK/Fn14 on macrophage recruitment and phenotype, and cancer-associated fibroblast proliferation in CCA. Targeting TWEAK/Fn14 and its downstream signals may provide a means to inhibit CCA niche development and tumour growth. LAY SUMMARY Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant liver cancer. Interactions between tumour cells and cells that form a supportive environment for the tumour to grow are a source of this aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy. Herein, we describe interactions between tumour cells and their supportive environment via a chemical messenger, TWEAK and its receptor Fn14. TWEAK/Fn14 alters the recruitment and type of immune cells in tumours, increases the growth of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumour environment, and is a potential target to reduce tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Dwyer
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Edward J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jully Gogoi-Tiwari
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel V Guest
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Robson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
| | - John K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fiona Stanley Fremantle Hospital Group, Murdoch, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janina E E Tirnitz-Parker
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Abstract
Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive primary liver malignancy with abysmal prognosis and increasing global incidence. Individuals afflicted with CCA often remain asymptomatic until late stages of disease, resulting in very limited possibilities for therapeutic intervention. The emergence of numerous preclinical models in vitro and in vivo has expanded the tool kit for CCA researchers; nonetheless, how these tools can be best applied to understand CCA biology and accelerate drug development requires further scrutiny.Areas covered: The paper reviews the literature on animal and organoid models of CCA (available through PubMed between September 2020 and January 2021) and examines their investigational role in CCA therapeutics. Finally, the potential of these systems for screening therapeutics to improve CCA patient outcomes is illuminated.Expert Opinion: The expansion of CCA models has yielded a diverse and interesting tool kit for preclinical research. However, investigators should consider which tools are best suited to answer key preclinical questions for real progress. A combination of advanced in vitro cell systems and in vivo testing will be necessary to accelerate translational medicine in cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Boulter L, Bullock E, Mabruk Z, Brunton VG. The fibrotic and immune microenvironments as targetable drivers of metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:27-36. [PMID: 33239677 PMCID: PMC7782519 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made over the past 40 years in treating patients with cancer, effective therapies for those who are diagnosed with advanced metastatic disease are still few and far between. Cancer cells do not exist in isolation: rather, they exist within a complex microenvironment composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrix. Within this tumour microenvironment exists an interplay between the two main stromal cell subtypes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, that are important in controlling metastasis. A complex network of paracrine signalling pathways between CAFs, immune cells and tumour cells are involved at multiple stages of the metastatic process, from invasion and intravasation at the primary tumour site to extravasation and colonisation in the metastatic site. Heterogeneity and plasticity within stromal cell populations also contribute to the complexity. Although many of these processes are likely to be common to a number of metastatic sites, we will describe in detail the interplay within the liver, a preferred site of metastasis for many tumours. A greater understanding of these networks provides opportunities for the design of new therapeutic approaches for targeting the metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Esme Bullock
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Zeanap Mabruk
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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22
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Banales JM, Marin JJG, Lamarca A, Rodrigues PM, Khan SA, Roberts LR, Cardinale V, Carpino G, Andersen JB, Braconi C, Calvisi DF, Perugorria MJ, Fabris L, Boulter L, Macias RIR, Gaudio E, Alvaro D, Gradilone SA, Strazzabosco M, Marzioni M, Coulouarn C, Fouassier L, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Mertens JC, Moncsek A, Rizvi S, Heimbach J, Koerkamp BG, Bruix J, Forner A, Bridgewater J, Valle JW, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma 2020: the next horizon in mechanisms and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:557-588. [PMID: 32606456 PMCID: PMC7447603 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-0310-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1059] [Impact Index Per Article: 264.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally, currently accounting for ~15% of all primary liver cancers and ~3% of gastrointestinal malignancies. The silent presentation of these tumours combined with their highly aggressive nature and refractoriness to chemotherapy contribute to their alarming mortality, representing ~2% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide yearly. The current diagnosis of CCA by non-invasive approaches is not accurate enough, and histological confirmation is necessary. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity of CCAs at the genomic, epigenetic and molecular levels severely compromises the efficacy of the available therapies. In the past decade, increasing efforts have been made to understand the complexity of these tumours and to develop new diagnostic tools and therapies that might help to improve patient outcomes. In this expert Consensus Statement, which is endorsed by the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma, we aim to summarize and critically discuss the latest advances in CCA, mostly focusing on classification, cells of origin, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, molecular alterations, biomarker discovery and treatments. Furthermore, the horizon of CCA for the next decade from 2020 onwards is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus M Banales
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jose J G Marin
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Pedro M Rodrigues
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Shahid A Khan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cardinale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Perugorria
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute - Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Alvaro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universita Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center of Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano, Bicocca, Italy
| | - Joachim C Mertens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sumera Rizvi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Bruix
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Forner
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, "Instituto de Salud Carlos III"), San Sebastian, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomédica (FCRB), IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Bridgewater
- Department of Medical Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan W Valle
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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Carotenuto P, Hedayat S, Fassan M, Cardinale V, Lampis A, Guzzardo V, Vicentini C, Scarpa A, Cascione L, Costantini D, Carpino G, Alvaro D, Ghidini M, Trevisani F, Te Poele R, Salati M, Ventura S, Vlachogiannis G, Hahne JC, Boulter L, Forbes SJ, Guest RV, Cillo U, Said‐Huntingford I, Begum R, Smyth E, Michalarea V, Cunningham D, Rimassa L, Santoro A, Roncalli M, Kirkin V, Clarke P, Workman P, Valeri N, Braconi C. Modulation of Biliary Cancer Chemo-Resistance Through MicroRNA-Mediated Rewiring of the Expansion of CD133+ Cells. Hepatology 2020; 72:982-996. [PMID: 31879968 PMCID: PMC7590111 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Changes in single microRNA (miRNA) expression have been associated with chemo-resistance in biliary tract cancers (BTCs). However, a global assessment of the dynamic role of the microRNome has never been performed to identify potential therapeutic targets that are functionally relevant in the BTC cell response to chemotherapy. APPROACH AND RESULTS High-throughput screening (HTS) of 997 locked nucleic acid miRNA inhibitors was performed in six cholangiocarcinoma cell lines treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine (CG) seeking changes in cell viability. Validation experiments were performed with mirVana probes. MicroRNA and gene expression was assessed by TaqMan assay, RNA-sequencing, and in situ hybridization in four independent cohorts of human BTCs. Knockout of microRNA was achieved by CRISPR-CAS9 in CCLP cells (MIR1249KO) and tested for effects on chemotherapy sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. HTS revealed that MIR1249 inhibition enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity across all cell lines. MIR1249 expression was increased in 41% of cases in human BTCs. In validation experiments, MIR1249 inhibition did not alter cell viability in untreated or dimethyl sulfoxide-treated cells; however, it did increase the CG effect. MIR1249 expression was increased in CD133+ biliary cancer cells freshly isolated from the stem cell niche of human BTCs as well as in CD133+ chemo-resistant CCLP cells. MIR1249 modulated the chemotherapy-induced enrichment of CD133+ cells by controlling their clonal expansion through the Wnt-regulator FZD8. MIR1249KO cells had impaired expansion of the CD133+ subclone and its enrichment after chemotherapy, reduced expression of cancer stem cell markers, and increased chemosensitivity. MIR1249KO xenograft BTC models showed tumor shrinkage after exposure to weekly CG, whereas wild-type models showed only stable disease over treatment. CONCLUSIONS MIR1249 mediates resistance to CG in BTCs and may be tested as a target for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
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Wilson DH, Jarman EJ, Mellin RP, Wilson ML, Waddell SH, Tsokkou P, Younger NT, Raven A, Bhalla SR, Noll ATR, Olde Damink SW, Schaap FG, Chen P, Bates DO, Banales JM, Dean CH, Henderson DJ, Sansom OJ, Kendall TJ, Boulter L. Non-canonical Wnt signalling regulates scarring in biliary disease via the planar cell polarity receptors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:445. [PMID: 31974352 PMCID: PMC6978415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with chronic bile duct disease is increasing and in most cases these diseases result in chronic ductular scarring, necessitating liver transplantation. The formation of ductular scaring affects liver function; however, scar-generating portal fibroblasts also provide important instructive signals to promote the proliferation and differentiation of biliary epithelial cells. Therefore, understanding whether we can reduce scar formation while maintaining a pro-regenerative microenvironment will be essential in developing treatments for biliary disease. Here, we describe how regenerating biliary epithelial cells express Wnt-Planar Cell Polarity signalling components following bile duct injury and promote the formation of ductular scars by upregulating pro-fibrogenic cytokines and positively regulating collagen-deposition. Inhibiting the production of Wnt-ligands reduces the amount of scar formed around the bile duct, without reducing the development of the pro-regenerative microenvironment required for ductular regeneration, demonstrating that scarring and regeneration can be uncoupled in adult biliary disease and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E J Jarman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R P Mellin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M L Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Tsokkou
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N T Younger
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Raven
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - S R Bhalla
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A T R Noll
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S W Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - F G Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - D O Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Centre for Cancer Science, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
- COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - J M Banales
- Biodonostia HRI, CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - C H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D J Henderson
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - T J Kendall
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetic and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK.
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26
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Kendall TJ, Duff CM, Boulter L, Wilson DH, Freyer E, Aitken S, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP, Hastie ND. Embryonic mesothelial-derived hepatic lineage of quiescent and heterogenous scar-orchestrating cells defined but suppressed by WT1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4688. [PMID: 31615982 PMCID: PMC6794268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) orchestrate scarring during liver injury, with putative quiescent precursor mesodermal derivation. Here we use lineage-tracing from development, through adult homoeostasis, to fibrosis, to define morphologically and transcriptionally discreet subpopulations of aHSCs by expression of WT1, a transcription factor controlling morphological transitions in organogenesis and adult homoeostasis. Two distinct populations of aHSCs express WT1 after injury, and both re-engage a transcriptional signature reflecting embryonic mesothelial origin of their discreet quiescent adult precursor. WT1-deletion enhances fibrogenesis after injury, through upregulated Wnt-signalling and modulation of genes central to matrix persistence in aHSCs, and augmentation of myofibroblastic transition. The mesothelial-derived lineage demonstrates punctuated phenotypic plasticity through bidirectional mesothelial-mesenchymal transitions. Our findings demonstrate functional heterogeneity of adult scar-orchestrating cells that can be whole-life traced back through specific quiescent adult precursors to differential origin in development, and define WT1 as a paradoxical regulator of aHSCs induced by injury but suppressing scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy James Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Catherine Mary Duff
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David H Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Elisabeth Freyer
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart Aitken
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart John Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - John Peter Iredale
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Nicholas Dixon Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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27
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Hari P, Millar FR, Tarrats N, Birch J, Quintanilla A, Rink CJ, Fernández-Duran I, Muir M, Finch AJ, Brunton VG, Passos JF, Morton JP, Boulter L, Acosta JC. The innate immune sensor Toll-like receptor 2 controls the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw0254. [PMID: 31183403 PMCID: PMC6551188 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response program characterized by a robust cell cycle arrest and the induction of a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that is triggered through an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that, during oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and its partner TLR10 are key mediators of senescence in vitro and in murine models. TLR2 promotes cell cycle arrest by regulating the tumor suppressors p53-p21CIP1, p16INK4a, and p15INK4b and regulates the SASP through the induction of the acute-phase serum amyloids A1 and A2 (A-SAAs) that, in turn, function as the damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signaling through TLR2 in OIS. Last, we found evidence that the cGAS-STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway primes TLR2 and A-SAAs expression in OIS. In summary, we report that innate immune sensing of senescence-associated DAMPs by TLR2 controls the SASP and reinforces the cell cycle arrest program in OIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Hari
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Fraser R. Millar
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Nuria Tarrats
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jodie Birch
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Andrea Quintanilla
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Curtis J. Rink
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Irene Fernández-Duran
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Morwenna Muir
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G. Brunton
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - João F. Passos
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemical Engineering Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer P. Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC-Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Ford MJ, Yeyati PL, Mali GR, Keighren MA, Waddell SH, Mjoseng HK, Douglas AT, Hall EA, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Meehan RR, Boulter L, Jackson IJ, Mill P, Mort RL. A Cell/Cilia Cycle Biosensor for Single-Cell Kinetics Reveals Persistence of Cilia after G1/S Transition Is a General Property in Cells and Mice. Dev Cell 2019; 47:509-523.e5. [PMID: 30458140 PMCID: PMC6251972 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The cilia and cell cycles are inextricably linked. Centrioles in the basal body of cilia nucleate the ciliary axoneme and sequester pericentriolar matrix (PCM) at the centrosome to organize the mitotic spindle. Cilia themselves respond to growth signals, prompting cilia resorption and cell cycle re-entry. We describe a fluorescent cilia and cell cycle biosensor allowing live imaging of cell cycle progression and cilia assembly and disassembly kinetics in cells and inducible mice. We define assembly and disassembly in relation to cell cycle stage with single-cell resolution and explore the intercellular heterogeneity in cilia kinetics. In all cells and tissues analyzed, we observed cilia that persist through the G1/S transition and into S/G2/M-phase. We conclude that persistence of cilia after the G1/S transition is a general property. This resource will shed light at an individual cell level on the interplay between the cilia and cell cycles in development, regeneration, and disease. Arl13bCerulean-Fucci2a biosensor labels the cell and cilia cycles Analysis of cells and mice reveals persistence of cilia after the G1/S transition Inducible mouse line allows lineage tracing and ex vivo live imaging Organisms can tolerate artificially lengthened cilia without overt phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Ford
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Patricia L Yeyati
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Girish R Mali
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Margaret A Keighren
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Scott H Waddell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Heidi K Mjoseng
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Adam T Douglas
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emma A Hall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Asako Sakaue-Sawano
- Centre of Brain Science, Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyawaki
- Centre of Brain Science, Laboratory for Cell Function and Dynamics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Richard R Meehan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Ian J Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
| | - Richard L Mort
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Furness Building, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK.
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29
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Bird TG, Müller M, Boulter L, Vincent DF, Ridgway RA, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Lu WY, Jamieson T, Govaere O, Campbell AD, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Cole AM, Hay T, Simpson KJ, Clark W, Hedley A, Clarke M, Gentaz P, Nixon C, Bryce S, Kiourtis C, Sprangers J, Nibbs RJB, Van Rooijen N, Bartholin L, McGreal SR, Apte U, Barry ST, Iredale JP, Clarke AR, Serrano M, Roskams TA, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. TGFβ inhibition restores a regenerative response in acute liver injury by suppressing paracrine senescence. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaan1230. [PMID: 30111642 PMCID: PMC6420144 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury results in rapid regeneration through hepatocyte proliferation and hypertrophy. However, after acute severe injury, such as acetaminophen poisoning, effective regeneration may fail. We investigated how senescence may underlie this regenerative failure. In human acute liver disease, and murine models, p21-dependent hepatocellular senescence was proportionate to disease severity and was associated with impaired regeneration. In an acetaminophen injury mouse model, a transcriptional signature associated with the induction of paracrine senescence was observed within 24 hours and was followed by one of impaired proliferation. In mouse genetic models of hepatocyte injury and senescence, we observed transmission of senescence to local uninjured hepatocytes. Spread of senescence depended on macrophage-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) ligand. In acetaminophen poisoning, inhibition of TGFβ receptor 1 (TGFβR1) improved mouse survival. TGFβR1 inhibition reduced senescence and enhanced liver regeneration even when delivered beyond the therapeutic window for treating acetaminophen poisoning. This mechanism, in which injury-induced senescence impairs liver regeneration, is an attractive therapeutic target for developing treatments for acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Bird
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
| | - Miryam Müller
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | | | | | - Elena Lopez-Guadamillas
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | | | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sofía Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Alicia M Cole
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Trevor Hay
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Kenneth J Simpson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - William Clark
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Ann Hedley
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Mairi Clarke
- Institute for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Pauline Gentaz
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Steven Bryce
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Christos Kiourtis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Joep Sprangers
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Bartholin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon I University UMR S 1052, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Steven R McGreal
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Simon T Barry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - John P Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
- University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Alan R Clarke
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, and Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania A Roskams
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH164TJ, UK
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Raven A, Lu WY, Man TY, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, O'Duibhir E, Dwyer BJ, Thomson JP, Meehan RR, Bogorad R, Koteliansky V, Kotelevtsev Y, Ffrench-Constant C, Boulter L, Forbes SJ. Corrigendum: Cholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration. Nature 2018; 555:402. [PMID: 29542689 DOI: 10.1038/nature25996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/nature23015.
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31
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Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Lu WY, Raven A, Dwyer B, Man TY, O'Duibhir E, Lewis PJS, Campana L, Kendall TJ, Bird TG, Tarrats N, Acosta JC, Boulter L, Forbes SJ. Paracrine cellular senescence exacerbates biliary injury and impairs regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1020. [PMID: 29523787 PMCID: PMC5844882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03299-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a mechanism that provides an irreversible barrier to cell cycle progression to prevent undesired proliferation. However, under pathological circumstances, senescence can adversely affect organ function, viability and regeneration. We have developed a mouse model of biliary senescence, based on the conditional deletion of Mdm2 in bile ducts under the control of the Krt19 promoter, that exhibits features of biliary disease. Here we report that senescent cholangiocytes induce profound alterations in the cellular and signalling microenvironment, with recruitment of myofibroblasts and macrophages causing collagen deposition, TGFβ production and induction of senescence in surrounding cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Finally, we study how inhibition of TGFβ-signalling disrupts the transmission of senescence and restores liver function. We identify cellular senescence as a detrimental mechanism in the development of biliary injury. Our results identify TGFβ as a potential therapeutic target to limit senescence-dependent aggravation in human cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Alexander Raven
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Benjamin Dwyer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tak Yung Man
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Lara Campana
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Tim J Kendall
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Thomas G Bird
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Nuria Tarrats
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Juan-Carlos Acosta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, The Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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32
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Campana L, Starkey Lewis PJ, Pellicoro A, Aucott RL, Man J, O'Duibhir E, Mok SE, Ferreira-Gonzalez S, Livingstone E, Greenhalgh SN, Hull KL, Kendall TJ, Vernimmen D, Henderson NC, Boulter L, Gregory CD, Feng Y, Anderton SM, Forbes SJ, Iredale JP. The STAT3-IL-10-IL-6 Pathway Is a Novel Regulator of Macrophage Efferocytosis and Phenotypic Conversion in Sterile Liver Injury. J Immunol 2018; 200:1169-1187. [PMID: 29263216 PMCID: PMC5784823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is crucial to effective inflammation resolution. Our ability to improve the disposal of apoptotic bodies by professional phagocytes is impaired by a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the engulfment and digestion of the efferocytic cargo. Macrophages are professional phagocytes necessary for liver inflammation, fibrosis, and resolution, switching their phenotype from proinflammatory to restorative. Using sterile liver injury models, we show that the STAT3-IL-10-IL-6 axis is a positive regulator of macrophage efferocytosis, survival, and phenotypic conversion, directly linking debris engulfment to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Campana
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom;
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Antonella Pellicoro
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca L Aucott
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Man
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Eoghan O'Duibhir
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Mok
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Eilidh Livingstone
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen N Greenhalgh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine L Hull
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Division of Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Vernimmen
- Developmental Biology Division, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; and
| | - Christopher D Gregory
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Feng
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Anderton
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - John P Iredale
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- Senate House, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
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33
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Carotenuto P, Fassan M, Pandolfo R, Lampis A, Vicentini C, Cascione L, Paulus-Hock V, Boulter L, Guest R, Quagliata L, Hahne JC, Ridgway R, Jamieson T, Athineos D, Veronese A, Visone R, Murgia C, Ferrari G, Guzzardo V, Evans TRJ, MacLeod M, Feng GJ, Dale T, Negrini M, Forbes SJ, Terracciano L, Scarpa A, Patel T, Valeri N, Workman P, Sansom O, Braconi C. Wnt signalling modulates transcribed-ultraconserved regions in hepatobiliary cancers. Gut 2017; 66:1268-1277. [PMID: 27618837 PMCID: PMC5530482 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcribed-ultraconserved regions (T-UCR) are long non-coding RNAs which are conserved across species and are involved in carcinogenesis. We studied T-UCRs downstream of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver cancer. DESIGN Hypomorphic Apc mice (Apcfl/fl) and thiocetamide (TAA)-treated rats developed Wnt/β-catenin dependent hepatocarcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), respectively. T-UCR expression was assessed by microarray, real-time PCR and in situ hybridisation. RESULTS Overexpression of the T-UCR uc.158- could differentiate Wnt/β-catenin dependent HCC from normal liver and from β-catenin negative diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC. uc.158- was overexpressed in human HepG2 versus Huh7 cells in line with activation of the Wnt pathway. In vitro modulation of β-catenin altered uc.158- expression in human malignant hepatocytes. uc.158- expression was increased in CTNNB1-mutated human HCCs compared with non-mutated human HCCs, and in human HCC with nuclear localisation of β-catenin. uc.158- was increased in TAA rat CCA and reduced after treatment with Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors. uc.158- expression was negative in human normal liver and biliary epithelia, while it was increased in human CCA in two different cohorts. Locked nucleic acid-mediated inhibition of uc.158- reduced anchorage cell growth, 3D-spheroid formation and spheroid-based cell migration, and increased apoptosis in HepG2 and SW1 cells. miR-193b was predicted to have binding sites within the uc.158- sequence. Modulation of uc.158- changed miR-193b expression in human malignant hepatocytes. Co-transfection of uc.158- inhibitor and anti-miR-193b rescued the effect of uc.158- inhibition on cell viability. CONCLUSIONS We showed that uc.158- is activated by the Wnt pathway in liver cancers and drives their growth. Thus, it may represent a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Guest
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luca Quagliata
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Rachel Ridgway
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tam Jamieson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dimitris Athineos
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Angelo Veronese
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Visone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Murgia
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Martin MacLeod
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gui Ji Feng
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Trevor Dale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luigi Terracciano
- Molecular Pathology Division, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Valeri
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
| | | | - Owen Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London and Surrey, UK
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34
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Guest RV, Boulter L, Dwyer BJ, Forbes SJ. Understanding liver regeneration to bring new insights to the mechanisms driving cholangiocarcinoma. NPJ Regen Med 2017; 2:13. [PMID: 29302349 PMCID: PMC5677951 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-017-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer frequently arises in epithelial tissues subjected to repeated cycles of injury and repair. Improving our understanding of tissue regeneration is, therefore, likely to reveal novel processes with inherent potential for aberration that can lead to carcinoma. These highly conserved regenerative mechanisms are increasingly understood and in the liver are associated with special characteristics that underlie the organ's legendary capacity for restoration of size and function following even severe or chronic injury. The nature of the injury can determine the cellular source of epithelial regeneration and the signalling mechanisms brought to play. These observations are shaping how we understand and experimentally investigate primary liver cancer, in particular cholangiocarcinoma; a highly invasive malignancy of the bile ducts, resistant to chemotherapy and whose pathogenesis has hitherto been poorly understood. Interestingly, signals that drive liver development become activated in the formation of cholangiocarcinoma, such as Notch and Wnt and may be potential future therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarise the work which has led to the current understanding of the cellular source of cholangiocarcinoma, how the tumour recruits, sustains and is educated by its supporting stromal environment, and the tumour-derived signals that drive the progression and invasion of the cancer. With few current treatments of any true efficacy, advances that will improve our understanding of the mechanisms driving this aggressive malignancy are welcome and may help drive therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. V. Guest
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, , Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - L. Boulter
- Institute for Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, , Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
| | - B. J. Dwyer
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, , Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
| | - S. J. Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, , Edinburgh, EH16 4UU UK
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35
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Planas-Paz L, Orsini V, Boulter L, Calabrese D, Pikiolek M, Nigsch F, Xie Y, Roma G, Donovan A, Marti P, Beckmann N, Dill MT, Carbone W, Bergling S, Isken A, Mueller M, Kinzel B, Yang Y, Mao X, Nicholson TB, Zamponi R, Capodieci P, Valdez R, Rivera D, Loew A, Ukomadu C, Terracciano LM, Bouwmeester T, Cong F, Heim MH, Forbes SJ, Ruffner H, Tchorz JS. Corrigendum: The RSPO-LGR4/5-ZNRF3/RNF43 module controls liver zonation and size. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:1260. [PMID: 27784900 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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36
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Guest RV, Boulter L, Dwyer BJ, Kendall TJ, Man TY, Minnis-Lyons SE, Lu WY, Robson AJ, Gonzalez SF, Raven A, Wojtacha D, Morton JP, Komuta M, Roskams T, Wigmore SJ, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. Notch3 drives development and progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:12250-12255. [PMID: 27791012 PMCID: PMC5086988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600067113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is dismal. Notch has been identified as a potential driver; forced exogenous overexpression of Notch1 in hepatocytes results in the formation of biliary tumors. In human disease, however, it is unknown which components of the endogenously signaling pathway are required for tumorigenesis, how these orchestrate cancer, and how they can be targeted for therapy. Here we characterize Notch in human-resected CC, a toxin-driven model in rats, and a transgenic mouse model in which p53 deletion is targeted to biliary epithelia and CC induced using the hepatocarcinogen thioacetamide. We find that across species, the atypical receptor NOTCH3 is differentially overexpressed; it is progressively up-regulated with disease development and promotes tumor cell survival via activation of PI3k-Akt. We use genetic KO studies to show that tumor growth significantly attenuates after Notch3 deletion and demonstrate signaling occurs via a noncanonical pathway independent of the mediator of classical Notch, Recombinant Signal Binding Protein for Immunoglobulin Kappa J Region (RBPJ). These data present an opportunity in this aggressive cancer to selectively target Notch, bypassing toxicities known to be RBPJ dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Guest
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom;
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Dwyer
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Kendall
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tak-Yung Man
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Minnis-Lyons
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Robson
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Ferreira Gonzalez
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Raven
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Davina Wojtacha
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Mina Komuta
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell & Tissue Research Unit, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Wigmore
- Department of Surgery, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom; Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, United Kingdom; The Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
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Long K, Moss L, Laursen L, Boulter L, Ffrench-Constant C. Integrin signalling regulates the expansion of neuroepithelial progenitors and neurogenesis via Wnt7a and Decorin. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10354. [PMID: 26838601 PMCID: PMC4742793 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the cerebral cortex requires regulation of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and a diverse range of progenitors. Recent work suggests a role for extracellular matrix (ECM) and the major family of ECM receptors, the integrins. Here we show that enhancing integrin beta-1 signalling, by expressing a constitutively active integrin beta-1 (CA*β1) in the embryonic chick mesencephalon, enhances neurogenesis and increases the number of mitotic cells dividing away from the ventricular surface, analogous to sub-apical progenitors in mouse. Only non-integrin-expressing neighbouring cells (lacking CA*β1) contributed to the increased neurogenesis. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of Wnt7a within the CA*β1 cells and upregulation of the ECM protein Decorin in the neighbouring non-expressing cells. Experiments using inhibitors in explant models and genetic knock-downs in vivo reveal an integrin-Wnt7a-Decorin pathway that promotes proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells, and identify Decorin as a novel neurogenic factor in the central nervous system. The extracellular matrix is suggested to play a role in neurogenesis, but it is unclear what role integrin signalling may play in the developing neuroepithelium. Here, in chick, Long et al. show that expression of constitutively active integrin beta-1 enhances neurogenesis via a novel Wnt7 and decorin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Long
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - L Moss
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - L Laursen
- Department of Molecular biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - L Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - C Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
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38
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Lu WY, Bird TG, Boulter L, Tsuchiya A, Cole AM, Hay T, Guest RV, Wojtacha D, Man TY, Mackinnon A, Ridgway RA, Kendall T, Williams MJ, Jamieson T, Raven A, Hay DC, Iredale JP, Clarke AR, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. Hepatic progenitor cells of biliary origin with liver repopulation capacity. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:971-983. [PMID: 26192438 PMCID: PMC4612439 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes self-renew following liver injury. Following severe injury hepatocytes are increasingly senescent, but whether hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) then contribute to liver regeneration is unclear. Here, we describe a mouse model where the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mdm2 is inducibly deleted in more than 98% of hepatocytes, causing apoptosis, necrosis and senescence with nearly all hepatocytes expressing p21. This results in florid HPC activation, which is necessary for survival, followed by complete, functional liver reconstitution. HPCs isolated from genetically normal mice, using cell surface markers, were highly expandable and phenotypically stable in vitro. These HPCs were transplanted into adult mouse livers where hepatocyte Mdm2 was repeatedly deleted, creating a non-competitive repopulation assay. Transplanted HPCs contributed significantly to restoration of liver parenchyma, regenerating hepatocytes and biliary epithelia, highlighting their in vivo lineage potency. HPCs are therefore a potential future alternative to hepatocyte or liver transplantation for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Lu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Thomas G Bird
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Alicia M Cole
- The CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Trevor Hay
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, CF24 4HQ
| | - Rachel V Guest
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Davina Wojtacha
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Tak Yung Man
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Alison Mackinnon
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Rachel A Ridgway
- The CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Timothy Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU
| | - Michael J Williams
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - Thomas Jamieson
- The CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Alex Raven
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
| | - John P Iredale
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan R Clarke
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff School of Biosciences, CF24 4HQ
| | - Owen J Sansom
- The CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU
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Dollé L, Boulter L, Leclercq IA, van Grunsven LA. Next generation of ALDH substrates and their potential to study maturational lineage biology in stem and progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G573-8. [PMID: 25656041 PMCID: PMC4385895 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00420.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
High aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a feature of stem cells from normal and cancerous tissues and a reliable universal marker used to isolate them. There are numerous ALDH isoforms with preferred substrate specificity variably expressed depending on tissue, cell type, and organelle and cell status. On the other hand, a given substrate may be metabolized by several enzyme isoforms. Currently ALDH activity is evidenced by using Aldefluor, a fluorescent substrate likely to be metabolized by numerous ALDH isoforms. Therefore, isolation techniques based on ALDH activity detection select a heterogeneous population of stem or progenitor cells. Despite active research in the field, the precise role(s) of different ALDH isoforms in stem cells remains enigmatic. Understanding the metabolic role of different ALDH isoform in the control of stem cell phenotype and cell fate during development, tissue homeostasis, or repair, as well as carcinogenesis, should open perspectives to significant discoveries in tissue biology. In this perspective, novel ALDH substrates are being developed. Here we describe how new substrates could be instrumental for better isolation of cell population with stemness potential and for defining hierarchy of cell populations in tissue. Finally, we speculate on other potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dollé
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Luke Boulter
- 2MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; and
| | - Isabelle A. Leclercq
- 3Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A. van Grunsven
- 1Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium;
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Boulter L, Guest RV, Kendall TJ, Wilson DH, Wojtacha D, Robson AJ, Ridgway RA, Samuel K, Van Rooijen N, Barry ST, Wigmore SJ, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. WNT signaling drives cholangiocarcinoma growth and can be pharmacologically inhibited. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1269-85. [PMID: 25689248 PMCID: PMC4362247 DOI: 10.1172/jci76452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage and is refractory to surgical intervention and chemotherapy. Despite a global increase in the incidence of CC, little progress has been made toward the development of treatments for this cancer. Here we utilized human tissue; CC cell xenografts; a p53-deficient transgenic mouse model; and a non-transgenic, chemically induced rat model of CC that accurately reflects both the inflammatory and regenerative background associated with human CC pathology. Using these systems, we determined that the WNT pathway is highly activated in CCs and that inflammatory macrophages are required to establish this WNT-high state in vivo. Moreover, depletion of macrophages or inhibition of WNT signaling with one of two small molecule WNT inhibitors in mouse and rat CC models markedly reduced CC proliferation and increased apoptosis, resulting in tumor regression. Together, these results demonstrate that enhanced WNT signaling is a characteristic of CC and suggest that targeting WNT signaling pathways has potential as a therapeutic strategy for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V. Guest
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Kendall
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David H. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital Campus, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Davina Wojtacha
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Robson
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A. Ridgway
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Samuel
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon T. Barry
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Wigmore
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is frequently and highly expressed on carcinomas, tumor-initiating cells, selected tissue progenitors, and embryonic and adult stem cells. During liver development, EpCAM demonstrates a dynamic expression, since it can be detected in fetal liver, including cells of the parenchyma, whereas mature hepatocytes are devoid of EpCAM. Liver regeneration is associated with a population of EpCAM-positive cells within ductular reactions, which gradually lose the expression of EpCAM along with maturation into hepatocytes. EpCAM can be switched on and off through a wide panel of strategies to fine-tune EpCAM-dependent functional and differentiative traits. EpCAM-associated functions relate to cell-cell adhesion, proliferation, maintenance of a pluripotent state, regulation of differentiation, migration, and invasion. These functions can be conferred by the full-length protein and/or EpCAM-derived fragments, which are generated upon regulated intramembrane proteolysis. Control by EpCAM therefore not only depends on the presence of full-length EpCAM at cellular membranes but also on varying rates of the formation of EpCAM-derived fragments that have their own regulatory properties and on changes in the association of EpCAM with interaction partners. Thus spatiotemporal localization of EpCAM in immature liver progenitors, transit-amplifying cells, and mature liver cells will decisively impact the regulation of EpCAM functions and might be one of the triggers that contributes to the adaptive processes in stem/progenitor cell lineages. This review will summarize EpCAM-related molecular events and how they relate to hepatobiliary differentiation and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dollé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Neil D. Theise
- 2Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York;
| | - Eva Schmelzer
- 3McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Luke Boulter
- 4Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland; and
| | - Olivier Gires
- 5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo A. van Grunsven
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;
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Hsieh WC, Mackinnon AC, Lu WY, Jung J, Boulter L, Henderson NC, Simpson KJ, Schotanus B, Wojtacha D, Bird TG, Medine CN, Hay DC, Sethi T, Iredale JP, Forbes SJ. Galectin-3 regulates hepatic progenitor cell expansion during liver injury. Gut 2015; 64:312-21. [PMID: 24837171 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Following chronic liver injury or when hepatocyte proliferation is impaired, ductular reactions containing hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) appear in the periportal regions and can regenerate the liver parenchyma. HPCs exist in a niche composed of myofibroblasts, macrophages and laminin matrix. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that binds to laminin and is expressed in injured liver in mice and humans. DESIGN We examined the role of Gal-3 in HPC activation. HPC activation was studied following dietary induced hepatocellular (choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet) and biliary (3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine supplemented diet) injury in wild type and Gal-3(-/-) mice. RESULTS HPC proliferation was significantly reduced in Gal-3(-/-) mice. Gal-3(-/-) mice failed to form a HPC niche, with reduced laminin formation. HPCs isolated from wild type mice secrete Gal-3 which enhanced adhesion and proliferation of HPCs on laminin in an undifferentiated form. These effects were attenuated in Gal3(-/-) HPCs and in wild type HPCs treated with the Gal-3 inhibitor lactose. Gal-3(-/-) HPCs in vitro showed increased hepatocyte function and prematurely upregulated both biliary and hepatocyte differentiation markers and regulated cell cycle genes leading to arrest in G0/G1. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that Gal-3 is required for the undifferentiated expansion of HPCs in their niche in injured liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Hsieh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison C Mackinnon
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Jung
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luke Boulter
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- MRC/Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Baukje Schotanus
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Davina Wojtacha
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom G Bird
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire N Medine
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David C Hay
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tariq Sethi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Kings College Denmark Hill Campus, London, UK
| | - John P Iredale
- Department of Hepatology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Tsuchiya A, Lu WY, Weinhold B, Boulter L, Stutchfield BM, Williams MJ, Guest RV, Minnis-Lyons SE, MacKinnon AC, Schwarzer D, Ichida T, Nomoto M, Aoyagi Y, Gerardy-Schahn R, Forbes SJ. Polysialic acid/neural cell adhesion molecule modulates the formation of ductular reactions in liver injury. Hepatology 2014; 60:1727-40. [PMID: 24585441 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In severe liver injury, ductular reactions (DRs) containing bipotential hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) branch from the portal tract. Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) marks bile ducts and DRs, but not mature hepatocytes. NCAM mediates interactions between cells and surrounding matrix; however, its role in liver development and regeneration is undefined. Polysialic acid (polySia), a unique posttranslational modifier of NCAM, is produced by the enzymes, ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV, and weakens NCAM interactions. The role of polySia with NCAM synthesizing enzymes ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV were examined in HPCs in vivo using the choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet models of liver injury and regeneration, in vitro using models of proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and by use of mouse models with gene defects in the polysialyltransferases (St8sia 2+/-4+/-, and St8sia2-/-4-/-). We show that, during liver development, polySia is required for the correct formation of bile ducts because gene defects in both the polysialyltransferases (St8sia2+/-4+/- and St8sia2-/-4-/- mice) caused abnormal bile duct development. In normal liver, there is minimal polySia production and few ductular NCAM+ cells. Subsequent to injury, NCAM+ cells expand and polySia is produced by DRs/HPCs through ST8SiaIV. PolySia weakens cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, facilitating HGF-induced migration. Differentiation of HPCs to hepatocytes in vitro results in both transcriptional down-regulation of polySia and cleavage of polySia-NCAM. Cleavage of polySia by endosialidase (endoN) during liver regeneration reduces migration of DRs into parenchyma. CONCLUSION PolySia modification of NCAM+ ductules weakens cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, allowing DRs/HPCs to migrate for normal development and regeneration. Modulation of polySia levels may provide a therapeutic option in liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Medical Research Council Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Guest RV, Boulter L, Kendall TJ, Minnis-Lyons SE, Walker R, Wigmore SJ, Sansom OJ, Forbes SJ. Cell lineage tracing reveals a biliary origin of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1005-10. [PMID: 24310400 PMCID: PMC3929349 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a treatment refractory malignancy with a high mortality and an increasing incidence worldwide. Recent studies have observed that activation of Notch and AKT signaling within mature hepatocytes is able to induce the formation of tumors displaying biliary lineage markers, thereby raising the suggestion that it is hepatocytes, rather than cholangiocytes or hepatic progenitor cells that represent the cell of origin of this tumor. Here, we use a cholangiocyte-lineage tracing system to target p53 loss to biliary epithelia and observe the appearance of labeled biliary lineage tumors in response to chronic injury. Consequent to this, upregulation of native functional Notch signaling is observed to occur spontaneously within cholangiocytes and hepatocytes in this model as well as in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These data prove that in the context of chronic inflammation and p53 loss, frequent occurrences in human disease, biliary epithelia are a target of transformation and an origin of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Guest
- Authors' Affiliations: MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine; Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh; Department of Surgery and Transplantation Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; and Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The liver is a complex organ that requires multiple rounds of cell fate decision for development and homeostasis throughout the lifetime. During the earliest phases of organogenesis, the liver acquires a separate lineage from the pancreas and the intestine, and subsequently, the liver bud must appropriately differentiate to form metabolic hepatocytes and cholangiocytes for proper hepatic physiology. In addition, throughout life, the liver is bombarded with chemical and pathological insults, which require the activation and correct differentiation of adult progenitor cells. This Review seeks to provide an overview of the complex signaling relationships that allow these tightly regulated processes to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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46
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Bird TG, Lu WY, Boulter L, Gordon-Keylock S, Ridgway RA, Williams MJ, Taube J, Thomas JA, Wojtacha D, Gambardella A, Sansom OJ, Iredale JP, Forbes SJ. Bone marrow injection stimulates hepatic ductular reactions in the absence of injury via macrophage-mediated TWEAK signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:6542-7. [PMID: 23576749 PMCID: PMC3631632 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1302168110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue progenitor cells are an attractive target for regenerative therapy. In various organs, bone marrow cell (BMC) therapy has shown promising preliminary results, but to date no definite mechanism has been demonstrated to account for the observed benefit in organ regeneration. Tissue injury and regeneration is invariably accompanied by macrophage infiltration, but their influence upon the progenitor cells is incompletely understood, and direct signaling pathways may be obscured by the multiple roles of macrophages during organ injury. We therefore examined a model without injury; a single i.v. injection of unfractionated BMCs in healthy mice. This induced ductular reactions (DRs) in healthy mice. We demonstrate that macrophages within the unfractionated BMCs are responsible for the production of DRs, engrafting in the recipient liver and localizing to the DRs. Engrafted macrophages produce the cytokine TWEAK (TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis) in situ. We go on to show that recombinant TWEAK activates DRs and that BMC mediated DRs are TWEAK dependent. DRs are accompanied by liver growth, occur in the absence of liver tissue injury and hepatic progenitor cells can be isolated from the livers of mice with DRs. Overall these results reveal a hitherto undescribed mechanism linking macrophage infiltration to DRs in the liver and highlight a rationale for macrophage derived cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. Bird
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Wei-Yu Lu
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Sabrina Gordon-Keylock
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A. Ridgway
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Williams
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jessica Taube
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - James A. Thomas
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Davina Wojtacha
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Adriana Gambardella
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
| | - Owen J. Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Iredale
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- Medical Research Council (MRC), Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; and
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Boulter L, Govaere O, Bird TG, Radulescu S, Ramachandran P, Pellicoro A, Ridgway RA, Seo SS, Spee B, Van Rooijen N, Sansom OJ, Iredale JP, Lowell S, Roskams T, Forbes SJ. Macrophage-derived Wnt opposes Notch signaling to specify hepatic progenitor cell fate in chronic liver disease. Nat Med 2012; 18:572-9. [PMID: 22388089 PMCID: PMC3364717 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During chronic injury a population of bipotent hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) become activated to regenerate both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Here we show in human diseased liver and mouse models of the ductular reaction that Notch and Wnt signaling direct specification of HPCs via their interactions with activated myofibroblasts or macrophages. In particular, we found that during biliary regeneration, expression of Jagged 1 (a Notch ligand) by myofibroblasts promoted Notch signaling in HPCs and thus their biliary specification to cholangiocytes. Alternatively, during hepatocyte regeneration, macrophage engulfment of hepatocyte debris induced Wnt3a expression. This resulted in canonical Wnt signaling in nearby HPCs, thus maintaining expression of Numb (a cell fate determinant) within these cells and the promotion of their specification to hepatocytes. By these two pathways adult parenchymal regeneration during chronic liver injury is promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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48
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Lorenzini S, Bird TG, Boulter L, Bellamy C, Samuel K, Aucott R, Clayton E, Andreone P, Bernardi M, Golding M, Alison MR, Iredale JP, Forbes SJ. Characterisation of a stereotypical cellular and extracellular adult liver progenitor cell niche in rodents and diseased human liver. Gut 2010; 59:645-54. [PMID: 20427399 PMCID: PMC3034133 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.182345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem/progenitor cell niches in tissues regulate stem/progenitor cell differentiation and proliferation through local signalling. OBJECTIVE To examine the composition and formation of stem progenitor cell niches. METHODS The composition of the hepatic progenitor cell niche in independent models of liver injury and hepatic progenitor cell activation in rodents and humans was studied. To identify the origin of the progenitor and niche cells, sex-mismatched bone marrow transplants in mice, who had received the choline-ethionine-deficient-diet to induce liver injury and progenitor cell activation, were used. The matrix surrounding the progenitor cells was described by immunohistochemical staining and its functional role controlling progenitor cell behaviour was studied in cell culture experiments using different matrix layers. RESULTS The progenitor cell response in liver injury is intimately surrounded by myofibroblasts and macrophages, and to a lesser extent by endothelial cells. Hepatic progenitor cells are not of bone marrow origin; however, bone marrow-derived cells associate intimately with these cells and are macrophages. Laminin always surrounds the progenitor cells. In vitro studies showed that laminin aids maintenance of progenitor and biliary cell phenotype and promotes their gene expression (Dlk1, Aquaporin 1, gammaGT) while inhibiting hepatocyte differentiation and gene expression (CEPB/alpha). CONCLUSIONS During liver damage in rodents and humans a stereotypical cellular and laminin niche forms around hepatic progenitor cells. Laminin helps maintenance of undifferentiated progenitor cells. The niche links the intrahepatic progenitor cells with bone marrow-derived cells and links tissue damage with progenitor cell-mediated tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Lorenzini
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
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