1
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Zhang T, Yu W, Cheng X, Yeung J, Ahumada V, Norris PC, Pearson MJ, Yang X, van Deursen W, Halcovich C, Nassar A, Vesely MD, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Ji L, Flies DB, Liu L, Langermann S, LaRochelle WJ, Humphrey R, Zhao D, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Gu R, Schalper KA, Sanmamed MF, Chen L. Up-regulated PLA2G10 in cancer impairs T cell infiltration to dampen immunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadh2334. [PMID: 38669316 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
T cells are often absent from human cancer tissues during both spontaneously induced immunity and therapeutic immunotherapy, even in the presence of a functional T cell-recruiting chemokine system, suggesting the existence of T cell exclusion mechanisms that impair infiltration. Using a genome-wide in vitro screening platform, we identified a role for phospholipase A2 group 10 (PLA2G10) protein in T cell exclusion. PLA2G10 up-regulation is widespread in human cancers and is associated with poor T cell infiltration in tumor tissues. PLA2G10 overexpression in immunogenic mouse tumors excluded T cells from infiltration, resulting in resistance to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. PLA2G10 can hydrolyze phospholipids into small lipid metabolites, thus inhibiting chemokine-mediated T cell mobility. Ablation of PLA2G10's enzymatic activity enhanced T cell infiltration and sensitized PLA2G10-overexpressing tumors to immunotherapies. Our study implicates a role for PLA2G10 in T cell exclusion from tumors and suggests a potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jacky Yeung
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Viviana Ahumada
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Christina Halcovich
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ala Nassar
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mathew D Vesely
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lan Ji
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dejian Zhao
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Runxia Gu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Zhang Z, Singh M, Kindt A, Wegrzyn AB, Pearson MJ, Ali A, Harms AC, Baker P, Hankemeier T. Development of a targeted hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry based lipidomics platform applied to a coronavirus disease severity study. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1708:464342. [PMID: 37696124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The importance of lipids seen in studies of metabolism, cancer, the recent COVID-19 pandemic and other diseases has brought the field of lipidomics to the forefront of clinical research. Quantitative and comprehensive analysis is required to understand biological interactions among lipid species. However, lipidomic analysis is often challenging due to the various compositional structures, diverse physicochemical properties, and wide dynamic range of concentrations of lipids in biological systems. To study the comprehensive lipidome, a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS)-based screening method with 1200 lipid features across 19 (sub)classes, including both nonpolar and polar lipids, has been developed. HILIC-MS/MS was selected due to its class separation property and fatty acyl chain level information. 3D models of class chromatographic retention behavior were established and evaluations of cross-class and within-class interferences were performed to avoid over-reporting these features. This targeted HILIC-MS/MS method was fully validated, with acceptable analytical parameters in terms of linearity, precision, reproducibility, and recovery. The accurate quantitation of 608 lipid species in the SRM 1950 NIST plasma was achieved using multi-internal standards per class and post-hoc correction, extending current databases by providing lipid concentrations resolved at fatty acyl chain level. The overall correlation coefficients (R2) of measured concentrations with values from literature range from 0.64 to 0.84. The applicability of the developed targeted lipidomics method was demonstrated by discovering 520 differential lipid features related to COVID-19 severity. This high coverage and targeted approach will aid in future investigations of the lipidome in various disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Zhang
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alida Kindt
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka B Wegrzyn
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ahmed Ali
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amy C Harms
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and Analytics Centre, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Baffour-Awuah B, Pearson MJ, Dieberg G, Smart NA. Isometric Resistance Training to Manage Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2023; 25:35-49. [PMID: 36853479 PMCID: PMC10014822 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01232-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease and adequate blood pressure control is often elusive. The objective of this work was to conduct a meta-analysis of trial data of isometric resistance training (IRT) studies in people with hypertension, to establish if IRT produced an anti-hypertensive effect. A database search (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and MEDLINE) identified randomised controlled and crossover trials of IRT versus a sedentary or sham control group in adults with hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS We included 12 studies (14 intervention groups) in the meta-analyses, with an aggregate of 415 participants. IRT reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean difference (MD) - 7.47 mmHg (95%CI - 10.10, - 4.84), P < 0.01; diastolic blood pressure (DBP) MD - 3.17 mmHg (95%CI - 5.29, - 1.04), P < 0.01; and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) MD - 7.19 mmHg (95%CI - 9.06, - 5.32), P < 0.0001. Office pulse pressure and resting heart rate was not significantly reduced, neither were 24-h or day-time ambulatory blood pressures (SBP, DBP). Night-time blood pressures, however, were significantly reduced with SBP MD - 4.28 mmHg (95%CI - 7.88, - 0.67), P = 0.02, and DBP MD - 2.22 mmHg (95%CI - 3.55, - 0.88), P < 0.01. IRT does lower SBP, DBP and MAP office and night-time ambulatory SBP and DBP, but not 24-h mean ambulatory blood pressures in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baffour-Awuah
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - M J Pearson
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - G Dieberg
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - N A Smart
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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Romsdahl TB, Cocuron JC, Pearson MJ, Alonso AP, Chapman KD. A lipidomics platform to analyze the fatty acid compositions of non-polar and polar lipid molecular species from plant tissues: Examples from developing seeds and seedlings of pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense). Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1038161. [PMID: 36438089 PMCID: PMC9682148 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1038161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lipidome comprises the total content of molecular species of each lipid class, and is measured using the analytical techniques of lipidomics. Many liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods have previously been described to characterize the lipidome. However, many lipidomic approaches may not fully uncover the subtleties of lipid molecular species, such as the full fatty acid (FA) composition of certain lipid classes. Here, we describe a stepwise targeted lipidomics approach to characterize the polar and non-polar lipid classes using complementary LC-MS methods. Our "polar" method measures 260 molecular species across 12 polar lipid classes, and is performed using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) on a NH2 column to separate lipid classes by their headgroup. Our "non-polar" method measures 254 molecular species across three non-polar lipid classes, separating molecular species on their FA characteristics by reverse phase (RP) chromatography on a C30 column. Five different extraction methods were compared, with an MTBE-based extraction chosen for the final lipidomics workflow. A state-of-the-art strategy to determine and relatively quantify the FA composition of triacylglycerols is also described. This lipidomics workflow was applied to developing, mature, and germinated pennycress seeds/seedlings and found unexpected changes among several lipid molecular species. During development, diacylglycerols predominantly contained long chain length FAs, which contrasted with the very long chain FAs of triacylglycerols in mature seeds. Potential metabolic explanations are discussed. The lack of very long chain fatty acids in diacylglycerols of germinating seeds may indicate very long chain FAs, such as erucic acid, are preferentially channeled into beta-oxidation for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor B. Romsdahl
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Alonso
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- BioAnalytical Facility, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Kent D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences & BioDiscovery Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Su B, Bettcher LF, Hsieh WY, Hornburg D, Pearson MJ, Blomberg N, Giera M, Snyder MP, Raftery D, Bensinger SJ, Williams KJ. A DMS Shotgun Lipidomics Workflow Application to Facilitate High-Throughput, Comprehensive Lipidomics. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:2655-2663. [PMID: 34637296 PMCID: PMC8985811 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is highly useful for shotgun lipidomic analysis because it overcomes difficulties in measuring isobaric species within a complex lipid sample and allows for acyl tail characterization of phospholipid species. Despite these advantages, the resulting workflow presents technical challenges, including the need to tune the DMS before every batch to update compensative voltages settings within the method. The Sciex Lipidyzer platform uses a Sciex 5500 QTRAP with a DMS (SelexION), an LC system configured for direction infusion experiments, an extensive set of standards designed for quantitative lipidomics, and a software package (Lipidyzer Workflow Manager) that facilitates the workflow and rapidly analyzes the data. Although the Lipidyzer platform remains very useful for DMS-based shotgun lipidomics, the software is no longer updated for current versions of Analyst and Windows. Furthermore, the software is fixed to a single workflow and cannot take advantage of new lipidomics standards or analyze additional lipid species. To address this multitude of issues, we developed Shotgun Lipidomics Assistant (SLA), a Python-based application that facilitates DMS-based lipidomics workflows. SLA provides the user with flexibility in adding and subtracting lipid and standard MRMs. It can report quantitative lipidomics results from raw data in minutes, comparable to the Lipidyzer software. We show that SLA facilitates an expanded lipidomics analysis that measures over 1450 lipid species across 17 (sub)classes. Lastly, we demonstrate that the SLA performs isotope correction, a feature that was absent from the original software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Su
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F. Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Hornburg
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Niek Blomberg
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven J. Bensinger
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Khan MJ, Codreanu SG, Goyal S, Wages PA, Gorti SKK, Pearson MJ, Uribe I, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Porter NA, Robinson RAS. Evaluating a targeted multiple reaction monitoring approach to global untargeted lipidomic analyses of human plasma. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8911. [PMID: 32738001 PMCID: PMC9126483 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Lipidyzer platform was recently updated on a SCIEX QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometer and offers a targeted lipidomics assay including 1150 different lipids. We evaluated this targeted approach using human plasma samples and compared the results against a global untargeted lipidomics method using a high-resolution Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometer. METHODS Lipids from human plasma samples (N = 5) were extracted using a modified Bligh-Dyer approach. A global untargeted analysis was performed using a Thermo Orbitrap Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer, followed by data analysis using Progenesis QI software. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted analysis was performed using a QTRAP 6500+ mass spectrometer, followed by data analysis using SCIEX OS software. The samples were injected on three separate days to assess reproducibility for both approaches. RESULTS Overall, 465 lipids were identified from 11 lipid classes in both approaches, of which 159 were similar between the methods, 168 lipids were unique to the MRM approach, and 138 lipids were unique to the untargeted approach. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine species were the most commonly identified using the untargeted approach, while triacylglycerol species were the most commonly identified using the targeted MRM approach. The targeted MRM approach had more consistent relative abundances across the three days than the untargeted approach. Overall, the coefficient of variation for inter-day comparisons across all lipid classes was ∼ 23% for the untargeted approach and ∼ 9% for the targeted MRM approach. CONCLUSIONS The targeted MRM approach identified similar numbers of lipids to a conventional untargeted approach, but had better representation of 11 lipid classes commonly identified by both approaches. Based on the separation methods employed, the conventional untargeted approach could better detect phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin lipid classes. The targeted MRM approach had lower inter-day variability than the untargeted approach when tested using a small group of plasma samples. These studies highlight the advantages in using targeted MRM approaches for human plasma lipidomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa J Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Phillip A Wages
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | | | | | - Isabel Uribe
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ned A Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
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Sharma AX, Quittner-Strom EB, Lee Y, Johnson JA, Martin SA, Yu X, Li J, Lu J, Cai Z, Chen S, Wang MY, Zhang Y, Pearson MJ, Dorn AC, McDonald JG, Gordillo R, Yan H, Thai D, Wang ZV, Unger RH, Holland WL. Glucagon Receptor Antagonism Improves Glucose Metabolism and Cardiac Function by Promoting AMP-Mediated Protein Kinase in Diabetic Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1760-1773. [PMID: 29444429 PMCID: PMC5978750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic potential of glucagon receptor antagonism presents an opportunity for use in an insulin-centric clinical environment. To investigate the metabolic effects of glucagon receptor antagonism in type 2 diabetes, we treated Leprdb/db and Lepob/ob mice with REMD 2.59, a human monoclonal antibody and competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor. As expected, REMD 2.59 suppresses hepatic glucose production and improves glycemia. Surprisingly, it also enhances insulin action in both liver and skeletal muscle, coinciding with an increase in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated lipid oxidation. Furthermore, weekly REMD 2.59 treatment over a period of months protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy. These functional improvements are not derived simply from correcting the systemic milieu; nondiabetic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of lipoprotein lipase also show improvements in contractile function after REMD 2.59 treatment. These observations suggest that hyperglucagonemia enables lipotoxic conditions, allowing the development of insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction during disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit X Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ezekiel B Quittner-Strom
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Young Lee
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Sarah A Martin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - John Lu
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | | | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Andie C Dorn
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Hai Yan
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Dung Thai
- REMD Biotherapeutics Inc., Camarillo, CA 93012, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Medical Service, Veteran's Administration North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX 75216, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA.
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Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of heart failure. Conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging are widely utilised in clinical research providing a number of indices of diastolic function valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure patients. The aim of this meta-analysis was to quantify the effect of exercise training on diastolic function in patients with heart failure. Exercise training studies that investigate different indices of diastolic function in patients with heart failure have reported that exercise training improves diastolic function in these patients. We sought to add to the current literature by quantifying, where possible, the effect of exercise training on diastolic function. We conducted database searches (PubMed, EBSCO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Trials Register to 31 July 2016) for exercise based rehabilitation trials in heart failure, using the search terms 'exercise training, diastolic function and diastolic dysfunction'. Data from six studies, with a total of 266 heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) participants, 144 in intervention groups and 122 in control groups, indicated a significant reduction in the ratio of early diastolic transmitral velocity (E) to early diastolic tissue velocity (E') (E/E' ratio) with exercise training, exercise vs. control mean difference (MD) of -2.85 (95% CI -3.66 to -2.04, p < 0.00001). Data from five studies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients, with a total of 204 participants, 115 in intervention groups and 89 in control groups, also demonstrated a significant improvement in E/E' in exercise vs. control MD of -2.38 (95% CI -3.47 to -1.28, p < 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pearson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - S F Mungovan
- Westmead Private Physiotherapy Services and The Clinical Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.
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9
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Hepler C, Shao M, Xia JY, Ghaben AL, Pearson MJ, Vishvanath L, Sharma AX, Morley TS, Holland WL, Gupta RK. Directing visceral white adipocyte precursors to a thermogenic adipocyte fate improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28722653 PMCID: PMC5552276 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity confers significant risk for developing metabolic disease in obesity whereas preferential expansion of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) appears protective. Unlike subcutaneous WAT, visceral WAT is resistant to adopting a protective thermogenic phenotype characterized by the accumulation of Ucp1+ beige/BRITE adipocytes (termed ‘browning’). In this study, we investigated the physiological consequences of browning murine visceral WAT by selective genetic ablation of Zfp423, a transcriptional suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Zfp423 deletion in fetal visceral adipose precursors (Zfp423loxP/loxP; Wt1-Cre), or adult visceral white adipose precursors (PdgfrbrtTA; TRE-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP), results in the accumulation of beige-like thermogenic adipocytes within multiple visceral adipose depots. Thermogenic visceral WAT improves cold tolerance and prevents and reverses insulin resistance in obesity. These data indicate that beneficial visceral WAT browning can be engineered by directing visceral white adipocyte precursors to a thermogenic adipocyte fate, and suggest a novel strategy to combat insulin resistance in obesity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27669.001 Mammals have different types of fat cells in their bodies. White fat cells store energy for later use, and brown and beige fat cells burn energy to help keep the body warm. Individuals who are obese typically have too many white fat cells in and around their belly. This belly fat, also called visceral fat, accumulates around the organs and is believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Individuals who are obese also have relatively few brown and beige energy-burning fat cells. Boosting the amount of brown and beige fat in individuals who are obese has been proposed as a potential way to reduce their risk of metabolic disease. One way to do this would be to encourage white visceral fat cells to become more like energy-burning beige or brown fat cells. Recent research has shown that white fat cells contain higher amounts of a protein called Zfp423 than brown or beige fat cells. This protein turns off the genes that fat cells use to burn energy and so keeps white fat cells in an energy-storing state. Now, Hepler et al. show that genetically modifying mice to turn off the gene that produces Zfp423 specifically in the precursor cells that become white fat cells causes more energy-burning beige cells to appear in their visceral fat. The genetically modified mice were better able to tolerate cold than normal mice. When placed on a high-fat diet, the modified mice were also less likely to become resistant to the effects of the hormone insulin – a process that can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes and may be linked to heart disease. This suggests that treatments that prevent Zfp423 from working in fat cells could help to treat or prevent diabetes and heart disease in people who are obese. Before such treatments can be developed, further work is needed to investigate how Zfp423 works in more detail, and to confirm that it has the same effects in human fat cells as it does in mice. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27669.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jonathan Y Xia
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ankit X Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Taylor OJ, Thatcher MO, Carr ST, Gibbs JL, Trumbull AM, Harrison ME, Winden DR, Pearson MJ, Tippetts TS, Holland WL, Reynolds PR, Bikman BT. High-Mobility Group Box 1 Disrupts Metabolic Function with Cigarette Smoke Exposure in a Ceramide-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1099. [PMID: 28531105 PMCID: PMC5455007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that cigarette smoke disrupts metabolic function, in part, by increasing muscle ceramide accrual. To further our understanding of this, we sought to determine the role of the cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is increased with smoke exposure, in smoke-induced muscle metabolic perturbations. To test this theory, we determined HMGB1 from lungs of human smokers, as well as from lung cells from mice exposed to cigarette smoke. We also treated cells and mice directly with HMGB1, in the presence or absence of myriocin, an inhibitor of serine palmitoyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in ceramide biosynthesis. Outcomes included assessments of insulin resistance and muscle mitochondrial function. HMGB1 was significantly increased in both human lungs and rodent alveolar macrophages. Further testing revealed that HMGB1 treatment elicited a widespread increase in ceramide species and reduction in myotube mitochondrial respiration, an increase in reactive oxygen species, and reduced insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis with myriocin was protective. In mice, by comparing treatments of HMGB1 injections with or without myriocin, we found that HMGB1 injections resulted in increased muscle ceramides, especially C16 and C24, which were necessary for reduced muscle mitochondrial respiration and compromised insulin and glucose tolerance. In conclusion, HMGB1 may be a necessary intermediate in the ceramide-dependent metabolic consequences of cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Mikayla O Thatcher
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Sheryl T Carr
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jonathan L Gibbs
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Annie M Trumbull
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Mitchell E Harrison
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Duane R Winden
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA.
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; USA.
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Benjamin T Bikman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Holland WL, Xia JY, Johnson JA, Sun K, Pearson MJ, Sharma AX, Quittner-Strom E, Tippetts TS, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. Inducible overexpression of adiponectin receptors highlight the roles of adiponectin-induced ceramidase signaling in lipid and glucose homeostasis. Mol Metab 2017; 6:267-275. [PMID: 28271033 PMCID: PMC5323887 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Adiponectin and the signaling induced by its cognate receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, have garnered attention for their ability to promote insulin sensitivity and oppose steatosis. Activation of these receptors promotes the deacylation of ceramide, a lipid metabolite that appears to play a causal role in impairing insulin signaling. Methods Here, we have developed transgenic mice that overexpress AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 under the inducible control of a tetracycline response element. These represent the first inducible genetic models that acutely manipulate adiponectin receptor signaling in adult mouse tissues, which allows us to directly assess AdipoR signaling on glucose and lipid metabolism. Results Overexpression of either adiponectin receptor isoform in the adipocyte or hepatocyte is sufficient to enhance ceramidase activity, whole body glucose metabolism, and hepatic insulin sensitivity, while opposing hepatic steatosis. Importantly, metabolic improvements fail to occur in an adiponectin knockout background. When challenged with a leptin-deficient genetic model of type 2 diabetes, AdipoR2 expression in adipose or liver is sufficient to reverse hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Conclusion These observations reveal that adiponectin is critical for AdipoR-induced ceramidase activation which enhances hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via rapidly acting “cross-talk” between liver and adipose tissue sphingolipids. Adiponectin receptor signaling in adipose prompts beneficial effects on whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. The small molecule adiponectin receptor antagonist AdipoRon lowers hepatic ceramides. Depletion of ceramides in adipocytes results in diminished hepatic ceramide accumulation. Depletion of ceramides in hepatocytes results in diminished adipose sphingolipid accumulation. Adiponectin is essential for the beneficial effects of adiponectin receptors on glucose, ceramide, and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA.
| | - Jonathan Y Xia
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ankit X Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ezekiel Quittner-Strom
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Trevor S Tippetts
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA; Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
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Pearson MJ, Smart NA. Effect of exercise training on endothelial function in heart failure patients: A systematic review meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 231:234-243. [PMID: 28089145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and heart failure (HF) and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is widely utilised to assess endothelial function and is improved with exercise training in heart failure patients. The aim of this meta-analysis is to quantify the effect of exercise training in patients with heart failure. BACKGROUND A large number of studies now exist that have examined endothelial function in patients with heart failure. We sought to add to the current literature by quantifying the effect of exercise training on endothelial function. METHODS We conducted database searches (PubMed, EMBASE, PROQUEST and Cochrane Trials Register to June 2016) for exercise based rehabilitation trials in heart failure, using search terms exercise training, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). RESULTS The 16 included studies provided a total of 529 participants, 293 in an intervention and 236 in controls groups. FMD was improved with exercise training in exercise vs. control, SMD of 1.08 (95%CI 0.70 to 1.46, p<0.00001). CONCLUSION Overall exercise training improved endothelial function, assessed via FMD, and endothelial progenitor cells in heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pearson
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - N A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Roger H Unger
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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14
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Xia JY, Holland WL, Kusminski CM, Sun K, Sharma AX, Pearson MJ, Sifuentes AJ, McDonald JG, Gordillo R, Scherer PE. Targeted Induction of Ceramide Degradation Leads to Improved Systemic Metabolism and Reduced Hepatic Steatosis. Cell Metab 2015; 22:266-278. [PMID: 26190650 PMCID: PMC4527941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids have garnered attention for their role in insulin resistance and lipotoxic cell death. We have developed transgenic mice inducibly expressing acid ceramidase that display a reduction in ceramides in adult mouse tissues. Hepatic overexpression of acid ceramidase prevents hepatic steatosis and prompts improvements in insulin action in liver and adipose tissue upon exposure to high-fat diet. Conversely, overexpression of acid ceramidase within adipose tissue also prevents hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance. Induction of ceramidase activity in either tissue promotes a lowering of hepatic ceramides and reduced activation of the ceramide-activated protein kinase C isoform PKCζ, though the induction of ceramidase activity in the adipocyte prompts more rapid resolution of hepatic steatosis than overexpression of the enzyme directly in the liver. Collectively, our observations suggest the existence of a rapidly acting "cross-talk" between liver and adipose tissue sphingolipids, critically regulating glucose metabolism and hepatic lipid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y. Xia
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - William L. Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Christine M. Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Ankit X. Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Mackenzie J. Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Angelika J. Sifuentes
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Jeffrey G. McDonald
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
| | - Philipp E. Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8549
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8549, USA, , Tel: 214-648-8715. Fax: 214-648-8720
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15
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Tonge DP, Pearson MJ, Jones SW. The hallmarks of osteoarthritis and the potential to develop personalised disease-modifying pharmacological therapeutics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:609-21. [PMID: 24632293 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related condition and the leading cause of pain, disability and shortening of adult working life in the UK. The incidence of OA increases with age, with 25% of the over 50s population having OA of the knee. Despite promising preclinical data covering various molecule classes, there is regrettably at present no approved disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). With the advent of next generation sequencing technologies, other therapeutic areas, in particular oncology, have experienced a paradigm shift towards defining disease by its molecular composition. This paradigm shift has enabled high resolution patient stratification and supported the emergence of personalised or precision medicines. In this review we evaluate the potential for the development of OA therapeutics to undergo a similar paradigm shift given that OA is increasingly being recognised as a heterogeneous disease affecting multiple joint tissues. We highlight the evidence for the role of these tissues in OA pathology as different "hallmarks" of OA biology and review the opportunities to identify and develop targeted disease-modifying pharmacological therapeutics. Finally, we consider whether it is feasible to expect the emergence of personalised disease-modifying medicines for patients with OA and how this might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Tonge
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK.
| | - M J Pearson
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK
| | - S W Jones
- MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK.
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Anderson SR, Pearson MJ, Pipe A, Prescott T, Dean P, Porrill J. Adaptive Cancelation of Self-Generated Sensory Signals in a Whisking Robot. IEEE T ROBOT 2010. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2010.2069990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mataka GT, Pearson MJ, Maxwell AJ. Negative predictive value for atypia and malignancy of 14-gauge core biopsy of breast papillomas. Breast Cancer Res 2010. [PMCID: PMC2978837 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Wilmshurst PT, Pearson MJ, Nightingale S, Walsh KP, Morrison WL. Inheritance of persistent foramen ovale and atrial septal defects and the relation to familial migraine with aura. Heart 2004; 90:1315-20. [PMID: 15486131 PMCID: PMC1768524 DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.025700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether smaller atrial shunts (large persistent foramen ovale (PFO) and small atrial septal defect (ASD)) are inherited and whether this has a role in the inheritance of migraine with aura. METHODS Contrast echocardiography was used to detect atrial shunts in 71 relatives of 20 probands with a significantly sized atrial shunt (large PFO or ASD). Four families with three generations, 14 families with two generations, and two sibships were studied. The contrast echocardiograms were performed blind to history of migraine. A consultant neurologist, who was blinded to cardiac findings, categorised migraine symptoms in subjects. RESULTS The occurrence of atrial shunts was consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. Usually shunts were large PFOs, but in some cases they were ASDs. There was also evidence that inheritance of more complex congenital heart disease may be related to the inheritance of PFOs. When the proband had migraine with aura and an atrial shunt, 15 of the 21(71.4%) first degree relatives with a significant right to left shunt also had migraine with aura compared with three of 14 (21.4%) without a significant shunt (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS There is dominant inheritance of atrial shunts. This is linked to inheritance of migraine with aura in some families.
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Brooks G, Burgess W, Colthurst D, Hinks JD, Hunt E, Pearson MJ, Shea B, Takle AK, Wilson JM, Woodnutt G. Pleuromutilins. Part 1. The identification of novel mutilin 14-carbamates. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1221-31. [PMID: 11377180 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of mutilin 14-carbamates has been discovered as a result of structure-activity studies on the naturally occurring antibiotic pleuromutilin (1). In particular, the 4-methoxybenzoylcarbamate, SB-222734 (15o) displays potent antibacterial activity against a number of bacterial pathogens which are resistant to currently used agents and shows enhanced metabolic stability when compared to earlier pleuromutilin derivatives. Such derivatives therefore have the potential to provide a new class of antibacterial agents for human therapy which address the threat of bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brooks
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Europe, New Frontiers Science Park, Third Avenue, Harlow, Essex CM19 5AW, UK
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20
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Wilmshurst PT, Pearson MJ, Walsh KP, Morrison WL, Bryson P. Relationship between right-to-left shunts and cutaneous decompression illness. Clin Sci (Lond) 2001; 100:539-42. [PMID: 11294694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a large right-to-left shunt is associated with neurological decompression illness after non-provocative dives, as a result of paradoxical gas embolism. A small number of observations suggest that cutaneous decompression illness is also associated with a right-to-left shunt, although an embolic aetiology of a diffuse rash is more difficult to explain. We performed a retrospective case--control comparison of the prevalence and sizes of right-to-left shunts determined by contrast echocardiography performed blind to history in 60 divers and one caisson worker with a history of cutaneous decompression illness, and 123 historical control divers. We found that 47 (77.0%) of the 61 cases with cutaneous decompression illness had a shunt, compared with 34 (27.6%) of 123 control divers (P<0.001). The size of the shunts in the divers with cutaneous decompression illness was significantly greater than in the controls. Thus 30 (49.2%) of the 61 cases with cutaneous decompression illness had a large shunt at rest, compared with six (4.9%) of the 123 controls (P<0.001). During closure procedures in 17 divers who had cutaneous decompression illness, the mean diameter of the foramen ovale was 10.9 mm. Cutaneous decompression illness occurred after dives that were provocative or deep in subjects without shunts, but after shallower and non-provocative dives in those with shunts. The latter individuals are at increased risk of neurological decompression illness. We conclude that cutaneous decompression illness has two pathophysiological mechanisms. It is usually associated with a large right-to-left shunt, when the mechanism is likely to be paradoxical gas embolism with peripheral amplification when bubble emboli invade tissues supersaturated with nitrogen. Cutaneous decompression illness can also occur in individuals without a shunt. In these subjects, the mechanism might be bubble emboli passing through an 'overloaded' lung filter or autochthonous bubble formation.
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Abstract
The role of erythrocyte (red blood cell; RBC) aggregation in affecting leukocyte (white blood cell; WBC) margination in postcapillary venules of the mesentery (rat) was explored by direct intravital microscopy. Optical techniques were refined and applied to relate the light-scattering properties of RBCs to obtain a quantitative index of aggregate size (G), which, under idealized conditions, represents the number of RBCs per aggregate. WBC margination, defined as the radial migration of WBCs to the venular wall and their subsequent rolling along the endothelium, was measured as the percentage of the potentially maximal WBC volumetric flux within the microvessel lumen (F(WBC)(*)). In normal blood, F(WBC)(*) increased exponentially fourfold, and G increased from 1 to 1.15 as wall shear rates () were reduced from a steady-state value of approximately 600 to <100 s(-1) by proximal occlusion with a blunt microprobe. Enhancement of aggregation by infusion (iv) of dextran 500 (428 kDa), to attain a systemic concentration of 3 g/100 ml, resulted in a four- and sevenfold increase in G and F(WBC)(*), respectively, as was reduced below 100 s(-1). Inhibition of RBC aggregation by infusion of dextran 40 (37.5 kDa) caused F(WBC)(*) to fall to one-half of its steady-state level for < 100 s(-1). Thus it appears that the well-known increase of WBC margination with reductions in is strongly dependent on the occurrence of RBC aggregation. Increasing the extent of RBC aggregation during reductions in also increased the firm adhesion of WBCs to the endothelium because of an enhanced probability of contact between leukocytes and the postcapillary venular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pearson
- Bioengineering Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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22
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Pearson MJ. Book Review: Point-of-Care Testing. Ann Clin Biochem 2000. [DOI: 10.1177/000456320003700421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Project EVETSIN investigated the training of clinical biochemists and other professional groups in the UK National Health Service. One of the most significant professional changes (with a training implication) identified was the increasing importance of the clinical role of clinical biochemists. The skills involved and the processes by which trainee clinical biochemists learn them had not been described or analysed to a significant extent. Factors that influence this changing role, the nature of the skills, how they are acquired and maintained, and the associated knowledge base are presented and discussed in the context of the training of clinical biochemists in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pearson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, UK.
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Burton G, Coulton S, Harrington FP, Hinks JD, Holland RK, Hunt E, Pearson MJ. Antibacterial activity of some (C2)-heterobicyclyl carbapenem derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1998; 51:599-601. [PMID: 9711227 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.51.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Branch CL, Burton G, Clarke GJ, Coulton S, Douglas JD, Eglington AJ, Guest AW, Hinks JD, Hird NW, Holland RK, Hunt E, Knott SJ, Moss SF, Naylor A, Pearson MJ, Takle AK. Novel C-2 substituted carbapenem derivatives. Part IV. Synthesis and biological activity of five membered heteroaromatic derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1998; 51:210-20. [PMID: 9544943 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.51.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, antibacterial activity, and stability to human dehydropeptidase-1 (DHP-1) of a novel series of (5R,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-heterocyclylcarbapen-2-em-3-carb oxylates are described. Of the compounds investigated 1,5-disubstituted pyrazol-3-yl and 3-substituted isoxazol-5-yl derivatives have the best combination of antibacterial activity and stability to DHP-1. They are particularly active against community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens and have stabilities to DHP-1 superior to that of meropenem.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Branch
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Betchworth, Surrey, UK
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Clear NJ, Davies JS, Eglington AJ, Fell SC, Hinks JD, Hird NW, Hunt E, Moss SF, Pearson MJ. Novel C-2 substituted carbapenem derivatives. Part III. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-(functionalised ethenyl, oxyiminomethyl and alpha-[hydroxy]benzyl)-carbapenems. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1997; 50:237-45. [PMID: 9127195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, antibacterial activity and stability to human dehydropeptidase-1 (DHP-1) of three small series of carbapenems carrying carbon-linked substituents at C-2 are described. C-2 Ethenyl carbapenems showed moderate antibacterial activity but poor stability to DHP-1, C-2 Oxyiminomethyl carbapenems demonstrated variable activity and stability C-2 alpha-(Hydroxy)benzyl carbapenems were the most promising and showed good potency and DHP-1 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Clear
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Brockham Park, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Burton G, Clear NJ, Eglington AJ, Guest AW, Hunt E, Naylor A, Pearson MJ, Takle AK. Novel C-2 substituted carbapenem derivatives. Part I. Synthesis and biological activity of non-aromatic heterocyclic derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:1258-65. [PMID: 9031672 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A new series of carbapenems, having a saturated or partially unsaturated heterocycle at C-2, has been synthesised. The in vitro antibacterial activity of these compounds and their stability to human dehydropeptidase-1 (DHP-1) are described. The stereochemistry of the C-2 side-chain and the presence of a double bond in the heterocycle were shown to have significant effects on the stabilities of the compounds to DHP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burton
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Brockham Park, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Burton G, Clarke GJ, Douglas JD, Eglington AJ, Frydrych CH, Hinks JD, Hird NW, Hunt E, Moss SF, Naylor A, Nicholson NH, Pearson MJ. Novel C-2 substituted carbapenem derivatives. Part II. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of isoxazolin-2-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl and 2-pyrazolin-2-yl carbapenems generated using 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition chemistry. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1996; 49:1266-74. [PMID: 9031673 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.49.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbapenems containing novel C-2 semisaturated heterocyclic substituents were synthesised by 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrile oxides, nitrile imines and a nitrone to 2-vinylcarbapenem. The isoxazoline and isoxazolidine compounds showed potent antibacterial activity but moderate stability to human dehydropeptidase 1 (DHP-1). Stability to DHP-1 was improved by methyl substitution in the isoxazoline ring, but at the expense of antibacterial activity. The pyrazolines exhibited excellent stability to DHP-1, but reduced potency against Gram-negative organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burton
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Brockham Park, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Kessopoulou E, Powers HJ, Sharma KK, Pearson MJ, Russell JM, Cooke ID, Barratt CL. A double-blind randomized placebo cross-over controlled trial using the antioxidant vitamin E to treat reactive oxygen species associated male infertility. Fertil Steril 1995; 64:825-31. [PMID: 7672157 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of the in vivo administration of vitamin E as treatment for reactive oxygen species-associated male infertility. SETTING University-based center for reproductive medicine. DESIGN Double-blind randomized placebo cross-over controlled trial. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS Thirty healthy men with high levels of reactive oxygen species generation in semen and a normal female partner. INTERVENTIONS Patients were allocated to two groups according to the blinded randomization. Each patient received either 600 mg/d of vitamin E (Ephynal, 300 mg tablets; F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basle, Switzerland) (order A) or identical placebo tablets (order B) for 3 months. Then after a 1-month wash-out period the patients were crossed-over to the other treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Improvement in the in vitro function of the spermatozoa measured by conventional semen analysis, computerized motility assessment, determination of reactive oxygen species generation, binding to the zona pellucida of the unfertilized human oocyte in a competitive zona binding assay, development of hyperactivated motility (both spontaneous and in the presence of 20% of the natural agonist, human follicular fluid) and pregnancy. RESULTS Rise in the blood serum vitamin E levels after treatment accompanied by improvement in one of the sperm function tests: the zona binding assay. The zona binding ratio for order A improved from 0.2 (range 0 to 0.5) before treatment to 0.5 (range 0.1 to 1.0) after treatment, the corresponding values for order B were 0.2 (range 0 to 1.0) before treatment and 0.3 (range 0.1 to 0.7) after treatment. CONCLUSION Oral administration of vitamin E significantly improves the in vitro function of human spermatozoa as assessed by the zona binding test.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kessopoulou
- Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Adams RG, Brain EG, Branch CL, Guest AW, Harrington FP, Mizen L, Neale JE, Pearson MJ, Simpson IN, Smulders H. Structure-activity relationships within a series of C(7)-substitutedoxyiminocephalosporins containing the C(3)-methylaminopyridiniumthiomethyl substituent. Synthesis and biological properties of BRL 57342 and some close analogues. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:417-24. [PMID: 7797444 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(6R,7R)-7-[2-(2-Amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-[(Z)-[(S)-carboxy(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxyimino]acetamido]-3-(1-methylaminopyri dinium-4-thiomethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate sodium salt (BRL 57342, 1f) combines excellent in vitro antibacterial potency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp., with excellent stability to extended spectrum beta-lactamases. This potency is reflected in in vivo efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Adams
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Research Division, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Sharma KK, Barratt CL, Pearson MJ, Cooke ID. Oral steroid therapy for subfertile males with antisperm antibodies in the semen: prediction of the responders. Hum Reprod 1995; 10:103-9. [PMID: 7745035 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/10.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to examine the effectiveness of steroid therapy in subfertile men with antisperm antibodies and infertility lasting > 1 year, to predict those who would respond positively, and to evaluate the effect of the therapy on semen parameters and antisperm antibodies. The patients included 48 subfertile couples in whom the male partner had > or = 20% motile spermatozoa with bound antibodies of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA or a combination of both, and were treated with prednisolone, 40 mg a day, for the first 10 days, then 5 mg on days 11 and 12 of the partner's cycle for 9 months. Twelve couples became pregnant; a cumulative conception rate of 30.2% was achieved at 9 months. The pregnant group started with significantly higher concentrations of IgG (tail) and grade I motility (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02 respectively). Multi-covariate discrete logistic regression analysis on the initial screening semen samples predicted a higher chance of conception for those with high levels of IgG (tail) (P = 0.006, sensitivity = 33%, specificity = 93%, correct = 75%, false positive = 33% and false negative = 24%). In the pregnant group, prednisolone caused a significant increase in grade I motility (P = 0.03). In the non-pregnant group, there was a significant increase in grade I motility (P = 0.0002), amplitude of lateral head displacement (P = 0.03), curvilinear velocity (P = 0.02) and decrease in grade IV motility (P = 0.03) following prednisolone treatment. In both groups there was suppression of the total antisperm antibody concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sharma
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, UK
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Branch CL, Adams RG, Brain EG, Guest AW, Harrington FP, Knott SJ, Pearson MJ, Zomaya II. Synthesis and biological properties of some 3-[(N-substituted-amino)pyridinium-4-thiomethyl]-7-[2-(2-amino-thiazol- 4-yl)-2-(Z)-(methoxyimino)acetamido]ceph-3-em-4-carboxylates. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:1289-99. [PMID: 8407591 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antibacterial activity of a series of beta-lactamase stable, broad spectrum 7-[2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(Z)-(methoxyimino)acetamido]-cephalo sporins, characterised by a C-3-[N-(substituted-amino)pyridinium-4-thiomethyl] group, is described. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strains were most susceptible to the N-amino- and N-methylamino derivatives (3a) and (3b); with the exception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (3b) was more active in vitro and in vivo than cefpirome or ceftazidime.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Branch
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Guest AW, Adams RG, Basker MJ, Brain EG, Branch CL, Harrington FP, Neale JE, Pearson MJ, Zomaya II. Synthesis and biological activity of 3-(N-substituted pyridinium-4-thiomethyl)-7 alpha-formamido cephalosporins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1993; 46:1279-88. [PMID: 8407590 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.46.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antibacterial activity of a series of 3-(1-substituted pyridinium-4-thiomethyl)-7 alpha-formamido cephalosporins is described. All the derivatives showed good potency and stability to bacterial beta-lactamases. The antibacterial efficacy seen with the N-alkyl pyridinium substituents was enhanced by the introduction of a catecholic side chain at C-7 and by preparation of N-(substituted amino)pyridinium derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Guest
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Betchworth, Surrey, U.K
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Pearson MJ, Barratt CL. Corticosteroids and male infertility with an immunological basis. BMJ 1992; 304:844. [PMID: 1392731 PMCID: PMC1881629 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.304.6830.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abstract
Before receiving psychodynamic group psychotherapy at the Uffculme Clinic four groups of out-patients were assessed on the Claybury Selection Battery and the SCL 90, and therapists were asked to predict their progress. Outcome was assessed at about three months and one year by patients' self-reports of symptom change on the SCL 90 and therapists' ratings of progress. Only one of the three Claybury questionnaires, the TEQ, which measures attitudes to treatment, was significantly correlated with outcome, along with therapists' predictions. This result is different to that of a previous study which also found that outcome correlated with direction of interest (DIQ) and conservatism (C). The C and DIQ scales may provide useful predictive information only in a small proportion of cases.
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Abstract
1. To determine whether stimulation of atrial receptors reflexly results in a consistent change in plasma renin activity experiments were performed in dogs anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Either a large balloon in the lumen of the left atrium or small balloons positioned at the upper and middle pulmonary vein-atrial junctions and atrial appendage were distended. Plasma samples obtained from these dogs during control periods and during periods of stimulation were assayed for plasma renin activity. 2. In the first series of experiments, stimulation of left atrial receptors by either large or small balloon distension was shown to result in an increase in urine flow and a decrease in plasma renin activity. 3. In a second series of experiments, cooling of the cervical vagosympathetic nerve trunks abolished the response of an increase to balloon distension in urine flow and decrease in plasma renin activity. 4. It was shown that a decrease in plasma renin activity resulted in response to stimulation of atrial receptors, and that this decrease is reflex in nature and is likely to involve only atrial receptors discharging into myelinated vagal fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Drinkhill
- Department of Cardiovascular Studies, University of Leeds
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Branch CL, Basker MJ, Finch SC, Guest AW, Harrington FP, Kaura AC, Knott SJ, Milner PH, Pearson MJ. Studies on semi-synthetic 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins. III. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 7 beta-[D-2-(aryl)-2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carbonyl amino] acetamido]-7 alpha-formamidoceph-3-em-4-carboxylate derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1987; 40:646-51. [PMID: 3610823 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.40.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[D-2-(aryl)-2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl) carbonylamino] acetamido]-7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins with various substituents at the C-3 position of the cephalosporin nucleus is described. Inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including beta-lactamase producing strains was observed with phenyl as the aryl residue. The 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group further enhanced the activity against Gram-negative organisms; in this series, the 3-[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl] and 3-[(1-carboxymethyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl] analogues (2 and 12b) exhibited exceptional activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Branch CL, Basker MJ, Pearson MJ. Studies on semi-synthetic 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins. II. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some 7 alpha-formamidoceph-3-em-1-oxide and 7 alpha-formamido-1-oxadethiaceph-3-em derivatives. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986; 39:1792-5. [PMID: 3818455 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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40
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Basker MJ, Branch CL, Finch SC, Guest AW, Milner PH, Pearson MJ, Ponsford RJ, Smale TC. Studies on semi-synthetic 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins. I. Structure-activity relationships in some semi-synthetic 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1986; 39:1788-91. [PMID: 3818454 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.39.1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Pearson MJ, Pither JM. Abolition of atrial receptor diuresis and of release of humoral agent by cooling the vagal nerves. Q J Exp Physiol 1983; 68:179-88. [PMID: 6856748 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of atrial receptors in anaesthetized dogs results in a reflex increase in urine flow mediated by vagal myelinated fibres and, in part, by a humoral agent of unknown identity. The humoral agent has been detected by an in vitro preparation of the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the present extract of plasma purporting to contain the humoral agent is also related to the reflex diuresis. In nine chloralose anaesthetized dogs atrial receptors were stimulated by distension of a balloon in the left atrium. Plasma samples collected before and during distension of the balloon, respectively, were precipitated with acetone, acid-treated and fractionated on Bio-Gel P-2. The purified samples were tested for the activity of the humoral agent on the Malpighian tubule preparation. In each dog, distensions of the balloon were performed with the cervical vagal nerves at 9 and 37 degrees C. Cooling the vagal nerves to 9 degrees C abolished the reflex diuresis and abolished the activity of the humoral agent recovered from a Bio-Gel P-2 fraction (molecular weight range 100-1800) which elutes between the void volume and the salt fraction. It was concluded that the substance recovered from Bio-Gel P-2 is associated with the diuresis in response to stimulation of atrial receptors; it is suggested that its presence is dependent on the integrity of the afferent limb of the atrial receptor reflex.
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Pither JM, Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Pearson MJ. Diuresis from stimulation of left atrial receptors in dogs: further purification of the causative agent from plasma. Q J Exp Physiol 1983; 68:167-77. [PMID: 6856747 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of atrial receptors by distension of a balloon in the left atrium of anaesthetized dogs results in a reflex diuresis mediated by an unknown humoral agent. This paper reports the further purification from plasma of acetone extracts of the humoral agent which may mediate the diuretic response. Activity of the humoral agent was detected using the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. Gel filtration of the acetone extracts on Sephadex G-25 and G-100, followed by dialysis of the fraction from Sephadex G-100 that contained the humoral agent, showed that the activity of the agent was associated with a high molecular weight fraction (greater than 30000). Acetone extracts of the humoral agent were also shown to be stable to treatment with HCl for 1 h at 25 degrees C. After this acid treatment, gel filtration on Sephadex gels and Bio-Gel P-2 showed that the agent was of low molecular weight (less than 1800). It is concluded that the activity of the humoral agent, as detected by the Malpighian tubule preparation, is associated with a molecule of low molecular weight which may be bound to a larger molecule from which it can be dissociated by acid treatment.
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Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Pearson MJ, Pither JM, Whitaker EM. Diuresis from stimulation of left atrial receptors: initial purification steps from plasma of the causative agent. Q J Exp Physiol 1981; 66:439-45. [PMID: 6914678 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1981.sp002586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the initial purification steps of a humoral agent which may mediate the diuresis resulting from stimulation of left atrial receptors in anaesthetized dogs. The agent was shown to be stabilized in plasma by acidification to pH 3.2. Acid acetone precipitation was found to be a convenient method as a first stage in the purification of the humoral agent in plasma. Heat stability studies showed that the agent was stable in acidified plasma for up to 20 min of heating in a boiling water bath. Precipitation of plasma proteins under these conditions made this another possible first stage in the purification of the agent in plasma. Some general conclusions about the possible nature of the humoral agent are discussed.
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Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Pearson MJ. Diuresis from stimulation of left atrial receptors: ADH and the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. Q J Exp Physiol 1981; 66:333-8. [PMID: 6910734 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1981.sp002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of left atrial receptors causes a diuresis partly through a blood borne agent. Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus can detect a blood borne agent during the diuresis. It has been suggested that the agent is ADH but this is in dispute. In the present investigation, vasopressin (1-300 mu i.u. cm-3) was found to have no effect on Malpighian tubule secretion when added to plasma, Rhodnius Ringer and Rhodnius Ringer + 5-HT. In addition, it was shown that incubation with sodium thioglycollate of plasma samples obtained from anaesthetized dogs, before and during stimulation of atrial receptors by distension of a balloon in the lumen of the left atrium, did not abolish the differences between test and control plasma samples detected by the Malpighian tubules. It is concluded that differences in plasma detected by the Malpighian tubules and related to the diuresis which results from left atrial stimulation are not attributable to changes in concentration of ADH.
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Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Mary DA, Pearson MJ. Role of angiotensin II and bradykinin in the diuresis caused by stimulation of atrial receptors. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci 1980; 65:335-47. [PMID: 7005924 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.1980.sp002521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The diuretic response to stimulation of left atrial receptors, by distending balloons located either at the pulmonary vein-left atrial junctions or in the body of the left atrium, was studied during blockade of the generation of angiotensin II using a continuous infusion of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 14,225, in anaesthetized dogs. Despite blockade of angiotensin conversion, known also to potentiate the activity of bradykinin, a diuretic response was obtained in each dog; the response was similar to that observed in dogs without blockade of angiotensin conversion. Angiotensin II and bradykinin did not significantly influence the rate of secretion of Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus, which have been shown capable of detecting the blood-borne agent known to mediate the diuretic response. It is concluded that neither angiotensin II nor bradykinin is likely to be the blood-borne agent released by stimulation of atrial receptors.
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Kappagoda CT, Knapp MF, Linden RJ, Pearson MJ, Whitaker EM. Diuresis from left atrial receptors: effect of plasma on the secretion of the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. J Physiol 1979; 291:381-91. [PMID: 383951 PMCID: PMC1280908 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Stimulation of left atrial receptors by distension of a balloon in the lumen of the left atrium of anaesthetized dogs was shown to result in an increase in urine flow. Plasma samples obtained from these dogs during control periods and during periods of stimulation were applied to the Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus. 2. It was found that the tubules suspended in test plasma secreted at a significantly lower rate than those suspended in control plasma. 3. These differences were also evident in extracts of plasma prepared using the solvent n-butanol. 4. Cutting or cooling the cervical vagi abolished these differences along with the increase in urine flow. It is argued that this preparation of the Malpighian tubule of Rhodnius prolixus could be used as a means of detecting the diuretic agent responsible for the increase in urine flow.
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Abstract
Abdominal histoblasts in Calliphora (Diptera) are situated within the larval epidermis, and secrete larval cuticle throughout the 3 larval instars. An optical and electron-microscopic study of histoblasts and epidermal sensilla suggests that the latter have been previously confused with histoblast Anlagen in the first instar. A steady rate of division until the mid-third instar leads to Anlagen growth, which is not seen in larval Drosophila. After a relatively quiescent period, division begins again, at a higher rate, at the time of pupariation (at the time when division first begins in Drosophila). During prepuparial larval life, the ventral, dorsal, and postero-dorsal Anlagen increase from approximately 6, 8 and 4 cells to about 350, 500 and 150 cells respectively. At the time of the second (puparial) mitotic phase there is also extensive reorganization of cellular fine structure in which large secondary lysosomes play an important part. The endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi subsequently present a different profile. At the same time numerous chromatic droplets appear in the rapidly dividing histoblast Anlagen. This division and the appearance of chromatic droplets are shown (and the subcellular reorganization is suggested) to depend upon the hormonal factors which are responsible for pupariation.
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49
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Brain EG, Eglington AJ, Nayler JH, Osborne NF, Pearson MJ, Smale TC, Southgate R, Tolliday P, Basker MJ, Sutherland R. Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 1. 7beta-Acylamino derivatives of 3-benzyl- and 3-(3-pyridylmethyl)ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acids. J Med Chem 1977; 20:1082-5. [PMID: 894679 DOI: 10.1021/jm00218a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
tert-Butyl 7beta-aminoceph-3-em-4-carboxylates carrying either benzyl or 3-pyridylmethyl substituents at position 3 have been prepared by a multistep modification of the penicillin nucleus. Acylation of either amine, followed by deprotection, gave a range of new cephalosporins. The relationship between structure and antibacterial activity is discussed. D-Phenylglycine proved to be a preferred side chain in both series.
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50
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Brain EG, Eglington AJ, James BG, Nayler JH, Osborne NF, Pearson MJ, Smale TC, Southgate R, Tolliday P, Basker MJ, Mizen LW, Sutherland R. Structure--activity relationships in cephalosporins prepared from penicillins. 2. Analogues of cephalexin substituted in the 3-methyl group. J Med Chem 1977; 20:1086-90. [PMID: 894680 DOI: 10.1021/jm00218a019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A previously outlined general procedure for preparing various 3-substituted cephalosporins from the penicillin nucleus has been used, with modifications where required, to prepare a series of analogues of cephalexin with various substituents in the 3-methyl group. The 3-substituents most conducive to broad-spectrum antibacterial activity were 3-pyridylmethyl and m- or p-carboxybenzyl. The compounds were only poorly absorbed by the oral route in mice, but the 3-(carboxybenzyl) compounds gave more prolonged useful serum levels than the usual cephalosporins.
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