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Elashnikov R, Khrystonko O, Trelin A, Kuchař M, Švorčík V, Lyutakov O. Label-free SERS-ML detection of cocaine trace in human blood plasma. J Hazard Mater 2024; 472:134525. [PMID: 38743978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The widespread consumption of cocaine poses a significant threat to modern society. The most effective way to combat this problem is to control the distribution of cocaine, based on its accurate and sensitive detection. Here, we proposed the detection of cocaine in human blood plasma using a combination of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and machine learning (SERS-ML). To demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach, cocaine was added into blood plasma at various concentrations and drop-deposited onto a specially prepared disposable SERS substrate. SERS substrates were created by deposition of metal nanoclusters on electrospun polymer nanofibers. Subsequently, SERS spectra were measured and as could be expected, the manual distinguishing of cocaine from the spectra proved unfeasible, as its signal was masked by the background signal from blood plasma molecules. To overcome this issue, a database of SERS spectra of cocaine in blood plasma was collected and used for ML training and validation. After training, the reliability of proposed approach was tested on independently prepared samples, with unknown for SERS-ML cocaine presence or absence. As a result, the possibility of rapid determination of cocaine in blood plasma with a probability above 99.5% for cocaine concentrations up to 10-14 M was confirmed. Therefore, it is evident that the proposed approach has the ability to detect trace amounts of cocaine in bioliquids in an express and simple manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Khrystonko
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Trelin
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Paškan M, Dobšíková K, Kuchař M, Setnička V, Kohout M. Synthesis and absolute configuration of cyclic synthetic cathinones derived from α-tetralone. Chirality 2024; 36:e23646. [PMID: 38353318 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of new synthetic cathinones continues to be a matter of public health concern. In fact, already known products (drugs) are being rapidly replaced by new structurally related alternatives, whereby modifications in the basic cathinone structure are used by manufacturers to circumvent the legislation. On the other hand, some derivatives of synthetic cathinones represent important pharmaceuticals with antidepressant properties. In the search for pharmaceutically relevant analogs, the main goal of the present study was to design and characterize novel cyclic α-tetralone-based derivatives of synthetic cathinones. We synthesized a series of derivatives and verified their chemical structure. Subsequently, chiral separation has been accomplished by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a circular dichroism (CD) detector, which directly provided CD spectra of the enantiomers of the analyzed substances at 252 nm. Using density functional theory calculations, we have obtained stable conformers of selected enantiomers in solution and their relative abundances, which we used to simulate their spectra. The experimental and calculated data have been used to assign the absolute configuration of six as-yet unknown synthetic cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paškan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Dobšíková K, Taušová T, Fagan P, Paškanová N, Kuchař M, Čejka J, Setnička V. Solid-state vibrational circular dichroism: Methodology and application for amphetamine derivatives. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 305:123486. [PMID: 37820493 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Amphetamine derivatives are considered most seized substances worldwide. In this study, solid-state vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) measurements of enantiomerically pure substances were performed for spectroscopic discrimination between (S)- and (R)-enantiomers. First, we have developed a universal experimental approach to obtain reliable and reproducible solid-state VCD spectra. First, the samples were prepared as pellets composed of mixtures of camphor as a model compound and a crystalline matrix powder. In order to obtain the best results without artifacts and with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio, the following experimental conditions were optimized: pellet thickness and diameter and sample rotation speed. The optimized parameters were then used for the analysis of amphetamine and its derivatives (methamphetamine and 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine). Our high-quality spectra and results suggest that solid-state VCD spectroscopy represents a cost-effective and easy-to-use method for the analysis of conformation changes and molecular packing in solid-state with potential applications in pharmaceutical and forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - T Taušová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - P Fagan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - N Paškanová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic; Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - J Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - V Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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Nikolič M, Viktorin V, Zach P, Tylš F, Dudysová D, Janků K, Kopřivová J, Kuchař M, Brunovský M, Horáček J, Páleníček T. Psilocybin intoxication did not affect daytime or sleep-related declarative memory consolidation in a small sample exploratory analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 74:78-88. [PMID: 37336163 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Psilocybin is investigated as a fast-acting antidepressant used in conjunction with psychotherapy. Intact cognitive functions, including memory, are one of the basic conditions of effective psychedelic-assisted therapy. While cognitive and memory processing is attenuated on various domains during psilocybin intoxication, the effect of psilocybin on the consolidation of memories learned outside of acute intoxication is not known. Thus the main aim of the current study was to test the effects of psilocybin on (A) memory consolidation of previously learned material just after the psilocybin session and (B) on overnight memory consolidation the night just after the psilocybin session. 20 healthy volunteers (10 M/10F) were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over design. Effects on declarative memory consolidation in condition (A) The Groton Maze Learning Task and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test were used, and for (B) the Pair Associative Learning Test was used. We did not find psilocybin to improve memory consolidation. At the same time, we did not find psilocybin to negatively affect memory consolidation in any of the tests used. This evidence adds to the safety profile for the use of psilocybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nikolič
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Viktorin
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tylš
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Dudysová
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Janků
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic; 3rd Sleep Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovský
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.
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5
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Tylš F, Vejmola Č, Koudelka V, Piorecká V, Kadeřábek L, Bochin M, Novák T, Kuchař M, Bendová Z, Brunovský M, Horáček J, Pálení ček T. Underlying pharmacological mechanisms of psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection of EEG in rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1152578. [PMID: 37425017 PMCID: PMC10325866 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1152578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin is one of the most extensively studied psychedelic drugs with a broad therapeutic potential. Despite the fact that its psychoactivity is mainly attributed to the agonism at 5-HT2A receptors, it has high binding affinity also to 5-HT2C and 5-HT1A receptors and indirectly modulates the dopaminergic system. Psilocybin and its active metabolite psilocin, as well as other serotonergic psychedelics, induce broadband desynchronization and disconnection in EEG in humans as well as in animals. The contribution of serotonergic and dopaminergic mechanisms underlying these changes is not clear. The present study thus aims to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms underlying psilocin-induced broadband desynchronization and disconnection in an animal model. Methods Selective antagonists of serotonin receptors (5-HT1A WAY100635, 5-HT2A MDL100907, 5-HT2C SB242084) and antipsychotics haloperidol, a D2 antagonist, and clozapine, a mixed D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonist, were used in order to clarify the underlying pharmacology. Results Psilocin-induced broadband decrease in the mean absolute EEG power was normalized by all antagonists and antipsychotics used within the frequency range 1-25 Hz; however, decreases in 25-40 Hz were influenced only by clozapine. Psilocin-induced decrease in global functional connectivity and, specifically, fronto-temporal disconnection were reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonist while other drugs had no effect. Discussion These findings suggest the involvement of all three serotonergic receptors studied as well as the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in power spectra/current density with only the 5-HT2A receptor being effective in both studied metrics. This opens an important discussion on the role of other than 5-HT2A-dependent mechanisms underlying the neurobiology of psychedelics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Tylš
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vlastimil Koudelka
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Václava Piorecká
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czechia
| | - Lukáš Kadeřábek
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Marcel Bochin
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Novák
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Martin Brunovský
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Pálení ček
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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6
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Dobšíková K, Spálovská D, Kuchař M, Paškanová N, Setnička V. Indazole-derived synthetic cannabinoids: Absolute configuration determination and structure characterization by circular dichroism and DFT calculations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 291:122373. [PMID: 36657287 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of products containing synthetic cannabinoids pose a growing crisis to public health worldwide. Recently, a rising number of cases of serious adverse health effects, intoxications, and death cases associated with synthetic cannabinoids were reported. The current study represents the comprehensive structural analysis of three new synthetic cannabinoids (AB-, ADB- and AMB-FUBINACA) in solution investigated by electronic and vibrational circular dichroism together with the conventional methods of infrared and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, all supported by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The best level of theory to reproduce the experimental wavenumbers and wavelengths was found to be the B3PW91 method with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set including the implicit solvent effect simulation. Very good agreement between the experimental and simulated spectra allowed us to determine the absolute configuration and a detailed interpretation of the IR absorption, VCD, ECD and UV spectra of AB-, ADB- and AMB-FUBINACA. In addition, the HOMO and LUMO electronic transitions were calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - D Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - N Paškanová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - V Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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Dobšíková K, Javorská Ž, Paškan M, Spálovská D, Trembulaková P, Herciková J, Kuchař M, Kozmík V, Kohout M, Setnička V. Enantioseparation and a comprehensive spectroscopic analysis of novel synthetic cathinones laterally substituted with a trifluoromethyl group. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 291:122320. [PMID: 36634495 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the number of structural modifications of synthetic cathinones has been growing making them the second largest group of new psychoactive substances in Europe. Although they are abused because of their various psychoactive effects, some compounds from this group also serve as pharmaceuticals. Since synthetic cathinones are chiral molecules with one chiral center, their biological, toxicological, and pharmacological properties may significantly differ according to their absolute configuration and enantiomeric excess. In this study, we have synthesized two substances bearing a pharmacologically interesting trifluoromethyl group and developed a chiral liquid chromatography method using a polysaccharide chiral stationary phase to separate the corresponding enantiomers of both these drugs. Subsequently, we utilized molecular spectroscopic methods including chiroptical (electronic circular dichroism and vibrational circular dichroism) and non-polarizable (infrared and ultraviolet absorption) spectroscopies. In combination with density functional theory calculations, we have obtained stable conformers of selected enantiomers in solution and their relative abundances, which we used to simulate their spectra. The experimental and calculated data have been used to elucidate the 3D structure of the enantiomerically pure compounds and assign the absolute configuration of all prepared compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Ž Javorská
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Paškan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - D Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - P Trembulaková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - J Herciková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic; Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - V Kozmík
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - M Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - V Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
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8
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Dobšíková K, Michal P, Spálovská D, Kuchař M, Paškanová N, Jurok R, Kapitán J, Setnička V. Conformational analysis of amphetamine and methamphetamine: a comprehensive approach by vibrational and chiroptical spectroscopy. Analyst 2023; 148:1337-1348. [PMID: 36857656 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
After cannabis, the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide is amphetamine and its derivatives, such as methamphetamine, with an ever-increasing number of synthetic modifications. Thus, fast and reliable methods are needed to identify them according to their spectral patterns and structures. Here, we have investigated the use of molecular spectroscopy methods to describe the 3D structures of these substances in a solution that models the physiological environment. The substances were analyzed by Raman and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and by chiroptical methods, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and Raman optical activity (ROA). The obtained experimental data were supported by three different computational approaches based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD). Successful interpretation relies on good agreement between experimental and predicted spectra. The determination of the conformer populations of the studied molecules was based on maximizing the similarity overlap of weighted conformer spectra by a global minimization algorithm. Very good agreement was obtained between the experimental spectra and optimized-population weighted spectra from MD, providing a detailed insight into the structure of the molecules and their interaction with the solvent. The relative population of three amphetamine and six methamphetamine conformers was determined and is consistent with a previous NMR study. However, this work shows that only a few isolated conformers are not sufficient for the successful interpretation of the spectra, but the entire conformational space needs to be sampled appropriately and explicit interaction with the solvent needs to be included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Dobšíková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Michal
- Department of Optics, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic.
| | - Dita Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Paškanová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jurok
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kapitán
- Department of Optics, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic.
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9
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Syrová K, Šíchová K, Danda H, Lhotková E, Jorratt P, Pinterová-Leca N, Vejmola Č, Olejníková-Ladislavová L, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Páleníček T. Acute pharmacological profile of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe in male Wistar rats—pharmacokinetics, effects on behaviour and thermoregulation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1120419. [PMID: 36969854 PMCID: PMC10033663 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1120419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction:N-2-methoxy-benzylated (“NBOMe”) analogues of phenethylamine are a group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) with reported strong psychedelic effects in sub-milligram doses linked to a number of severe intoxications, including fatal ones. In our present work, we provide a detailed investigation of pharmacokinetics and acute behavioural effects of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo [1,2-b:4,5-b′]difuran-4-yl)-N-[(2-methoxybenzyl]ethan-1-amine), an analogue of popular psychedelic entactogen 2C-B (4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine).Methods: All experiments were conducted on adult male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (1 mg/kg subcutaneously; s. c.) in blood serum and brain tissue were analysed over 24 h using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). For examination of behavioural parameters in open field test (OFT) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle reaction (ASR), 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe (0.2, 1 and 5 mg/kg s. c.) was administered in two temporal onsets: 15 and 60 min after administration. Thermoregulatory changes were evaluated in individually and group-housed animals over 8 h following the highest dose used in behavioural experiments (5 mg/kg s. c.).Results: Peak drug concentrations were detected 30 and 60 min after the drug application in serum (28 ng/ml) and brain tissue (171 ng/g), respectively. The parental compound was still present in the brain 8 h after administration. Locomotor activity was dose-dependently reduced by the drug in both temporal testing onsets. ASR was also strongly disrupted in both temporal onsets, drug’s effect on PPI was weaker. 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe did not cause any significant thermoregulatory changes.Discussion: Our results suggest that 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe penetrates animal brain tissue in a relatively slow manner, induces significant inhibitory effects on motor performance, and attenuates sensorimotor gating. Its overall profile is similar to closely related analogue 2C-B and other NBOMe substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Olejníková-Ladislavová
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Prague, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Tomáš Páleníček, ; Martin Kuchař,
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10
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Pospíšilová E, Paškanová N, Kuchař M, Shishkanova TV. Potentiometric Determination of Mephedrone in Oral Fluids with Ion‐Selective Membranes. ELECTROANAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pospíšilová
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
| | | | - Martin Kuchař
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague CZECH REPUBLIC
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Paškan M, Rimpelová S, Svobodová Pavlíčková V, Spálovská D, Setnička V, Kuchař M, Kohout M. 4-Isobutylmethcathinone-A Novel Synthetic Cathinone with High In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Strong Receptor Binding Preference of Enantiomers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121495. [PMID: 36558946 PMCID: PMC9780888 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
New psychoactive substances and among them synthetic cathinones represent a significant threat to human health globally. However, within such a large pool of substances derived from a natural compound ((S)-cathinone), substances with important pharmaceutical uses can be identified, as already documented by bupropione. Therefore, this work aimed to find a synthetic pathway for a novel synthetic cathinone, namely 4-isobutylmethcathinone, and describe its spectroscopic properties and biological activity in vitro. Since cathinones comprise a chiral center in their structure, a method for chiral separation of the substance was elaborated using high-performance liquid chromatography on an analytical and preparative scale. Preparative enantioseparation on a polysaccharide column provided a sufficient amount of the drug for the chiroptical studies leading to the determination of the absolute configuration of enantiomers as well as for their subsequent in vitro cytotoxicity study. The cytotoxicity induced by 4-isobutylmethcathinone was determined in human cells derived from the urinary bladder (5637), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), microglia (HMC-3), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2), in which the IC50 values after 72 h reached an 18-65 µM concentration. This is significantly higher cytotoxicity in comparison with other synthetic cathinones. In the receptor binding studies, a significant difference in the agonistic effect on dopamine and adrenergic receptors of individual enantiomers was observed. The lack of binding affinity towards the serotonin receptors then relates 4-isobutylmethcathinone to the family of monoamine drugs, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymathamphetamine (ecstasy, MDMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Paškan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Svobodová Pavlíčková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gotvaldová K, Borovička J, Hájková K, Cihlářová P, Rockefeller A, Kuchař M. Extensive Collection of Psychotropic Mushrooms with Determination of Their Tryptamine Alkaloids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214068. [PMID: 36430546 PMCID: PMC9693126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since not only psilocybin (PSB) but also PSB-containing mushrooms are used for psychedelic therapy and microdosing, it is necessary to know their concentration variability in wild-grown mushrooms. This article aimed to determine the PSB, psilocin (PS), baeocystin (BA), norbaeocystin (NB), and aeruginascin (AE) concentrations in a large sample set of mushrooms belonging to genera previously reported to contain psychotropic tryptamines. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify tryptamine alkaloids in the mushroom samples. Most mushroom collections were documented by fungarium specimens and/or ITS rDNA/LSU/EF1-α sequencing. Concentrations of five tryptamine alkaloids were determined in a large sample set of 226 fruiting bodies of 82 individual collections from seven mushroom genera. For many mushroom species, concentrations of BA, NB, and AE are reported for the first time. The highest PSB/PS concentrations were found in Psilocybe species, but no tryptamines were detected in the P. fuscofulva and P. fimetaria collections. The tryptamine concentrations in mushrooms are extremely variable, representing a problem for mushroom consumers due to the apparent risk of overdose. The varied cocktail of tryptamines in wild mushrooms could influence the medicinal effect compared to therapy with chemically pure PSB, posing a serious problem for data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gotvaldová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Praha 6, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6—Dejvice, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Psychedelic Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220444431
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13
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Šíchová K, Syrová K, Kofroňová E, Pinterova‐Leca N, Vejmola Č, Nykodemová J, Palivec P, Olejníková L, Danda H, Jorratt P, Adam Š, Hiep BQ, Štefková‐Mazochová K, Končická M, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Pharmacokinetics, systemic toxicity, thermoregulation and acute behavioural effects of 25CN‐NBOMe. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13216. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Šíchová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterova‐Leca
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Čestmír Vejmola
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Nykodemová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petr Palivec
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Danda
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Jorratt
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Šafanda Adam
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Bui Quang Hiep
- First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Končická
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Psychedelics Research Centre National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
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14
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Šíma M, Bobek D, Cihlářová P, Ryšánek P, Roušarová J, Beroušek J, Kuchař M, Vymazal T, Slanař O. Factors Affecting the Metabolic Conversion of Ciprofloxacin and Exposure to Its Main Active Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients: Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Desethylene Ciprofloxacin. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081627. [PMID: 36015253 PMCID: PMC9413960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this prospective study was to examine the exposure to the main active metabolites of ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients and to examine the factors (demographic, laboratory and genetic) that could potentially affect the drug metabolic conversion of ciprofloxacin. The secondary aim was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for the metabolite showing the most associations with the abovementioned factors. A total of 29 patients were treated with intravenous infusion of ciprofloxacin and enrolled on this trial. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken at 1, 4, and 11.5 h following the completion of the infusion. Sex, age, body weight, height, serum creatinine and bilirubin levels, and creatinine clearance (CLCR) were recorded, and polymorphisms rs2032582 and rs1045642 in the ABCB1 gene, rs4148977 in the SLCO1A2 gene and rs762551 in the CYP1A2 gene were analyzed. A three-stage parent drug–metabolite population pharmacokinetic model was developed. Median (IQR) metabolite/parent ratios of the desethylene ciprofloxacin, formyl ciprofloxacin and oxociprofloxacin were 5.86 (4.09–9.87)%, 4.08 (3.38–6.92)% and 5.91 (3.42–13.65)%, respectively. The desethylene ciprofloxacin metabolic ratio was positively associated with height (r2 = 0.2277, p = 0.0089) and CLCR (r2 = 0.2023, p = 0.0144) and negatively associated with age (r2 = 0.2227, p = 0.0112). Males had a significantly higher oxociprofloxacin metabolic ratio than females (9.14 vs 3.42%, p = 0.0043). In the desethylene ciprofloxacin population PK model, the volume of distribution decreased with age, the parent drug-metabolite transfer rate constant increased with CLCR, and the metabolite elimination rate constant decreased with age and is increased in CYP1A2 rs762551 variant allele carriers. We therefore hypothesized that the CYP1A2 inhibition by ciprofloxacin is mediated by its metabolite desethylene ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šíma
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Bobek
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Roušarová
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Beroušek
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Vymazal
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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15
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Viktorin V, Griškova-Bulanova I, Voicikas A, Dojčánová D, Zach P, Bravermanová A, Andrashko V, Tylš F, Korčák J, Viktorinová M, Koudelka V, Hájková K, Kuchař M, Horáček J, Brunovský M, Páleníček T. Psilocybin—Mediated Attenuation of Gamma Band Auditory Steady-State Responses (ASSR) Is Driven by the Intensity of Cognitive and Emotional Domains of Psychedelic Experience. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12061004. [PMID: 35743788 PMCID: PMC9225116 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psilocybin is a classical serotoninergic psychedelic that induces cognitive disruptions similar to psychosis. Gamma activity is affected in psychosis and is tightly related to cognitive processing. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are frequently used as indicators to test the ability to generate gamma activity. Based on previous literature, we studied the impact of psilocybin on 40 Hz ASSR in healthy volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with a crossover design. A sample of 20 healthy subjects (10M/10F) received psilocybin orally 0.26 mg/kg or placebo. Participants were measured four times in total, one time before ingestion of psilocybin/placebo and one time after ingestion, during the peak of intoxication. A series of 500 ms click trains were used for stimulation. Psilocybin induced a psychedelic effect and decreased 40 Hz ASSR phase-locking index compared to placebo. The extent of the attenuation was related to Cognition and Affect on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. The current study shows that psilocybin lowers the synchronization level and the amplitude of 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses, which yields further support for the role of gamma oscillations in cognitive processing and its disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Viktorin
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Inga Griškova-Bulanova
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, 7 Saulėtekio Ave, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Dominika Dojčánová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Zach
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Bravermanová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Andrashko
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tylš
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Korčák
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Michaela Viktorinová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Koudelka
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Jiří Horáček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brunovský
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (V.V.); (D.D.); (P.Z.); (A.B.); (V.A.); (F.T.); (J.K.); (M.V.); (V.K.); (J.H.); (M.B.)
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 2411, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (I.G.-B.); (T.P.)
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16
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Kretschmer J, David T, Dračínský M, Socha O, Jirak D, Vít M, Jurok R, Kuchař M, Císařová I, Polasek M. Paramagnetic encoding of molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3179. [PMID: 35676253 PMCID: PMC9177614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30811-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContactless digital tags are increasingly penetrating into many areas of human activities. Digitalization of our environment requires an ever growing number of objects to be identified and tracked with machine-readable labels. Molecules offer immense potential to serve for this purpose, but our ability to write, read, and communicate molecular code with current technology remains limited. Here we show that magnetic patterns can be synthetically encoded into stable molecular scaffolds with paramagnetic lanthanide ions to write digital code into molecules and their mixtures. Owing to the directional character of magnetic susceptibility tensors, each sequence of lanthanides built into one molecule produces a unique magnetic outcome. Multiplexing of the encoded molecules provides a high number of codes that grows double-exponentially with the number of available paramagnetic ions. The codes are readable by nuclear magnetic resonance in the radiofrequency (RF) spectrum, analogously to the macroscopic technology of RF identification. A prototype molecular system capable of 16-bit (65,535 codes) encoding is presented. Future optimized systems can conceivably provide 64-bit (~10^19 codes) or higher encoding to cover the labelling needs in drug discovery, anti-counterfeiting and other areas.
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17
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Jurásek B, Rimpelová S, Babor M, Čejka J, Bartůněk V, Kuchař M. Intriguing Cytotoxicity of the Street Dissociative Anesthetic Methoxphenidine: Unexpected Impurities Spotted. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042083. [PMID: 35216198 PMCID: PMC8879332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The black market for new psychoactive substances has been constantly evolving and the substances that appear on this market cause a considerable number of issues, in extreme cases leading to human deaths. While monitoring the drug black market, we detected a sample of a dissociative anesthetic methoxphenidine, the salt of which contained an unusual anion in the form of bromo- and chloro-zincate complex. Concerning the unknown and potentially hazardous properties of this sample, we performed an in vitro cytotoxicity screening in cell lines of various origins (e.g., kidney, liver, bladder) which was compared with the toxicity results of the methoxphenidine standard prepared for this purpose. The street methoxphenidine sample exhibited markedly higher toxicity than the standard, which was probably caused by the anion impurity. Since it is not usual to analyze anions in salts of novel psychoactive substances, but such samples may be commonly available at the drug black market, we have developed a method for their identification with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), which also enabled us to distinguish between different polymorphs/solvates of methoxphenidine that were crystallized in the laboratory. XRPD offers additional data about samples, which may not be discovered by routine techniques, and in some cases, they may help to find out essential information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Babor
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.Č.)
| | - Vilém Bartůněk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.)
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18
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Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Nemeškalová A, Kučera R, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Najmanová V, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Kuchař M, Sýkora D. Advanced microextraction techniques for the analysis of amphetamines in human breast milk and their comparison with conventional methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 210:114549. [PMID: 34998075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk analysis provides useful information about acute newborn exposure to harmful substances, such as psychoactive drugs abused by a nursing mother. Since breast milk represents a complex matrix with large amounts of interfering compounds, a comprehensive sample pre-treatment is necessary. This work focuses on determination of amphetamines and synthetic cathinones in human breast milk by microextraction techniques (liquid-phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction), and their comparison to more conventional treatment methods (protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction). The aim of this work was to optimize and validate all the extraction procedures and thoroughly assess their advantages and disadvantages with special regard to their routine clinical use. The applicability of the extractions was further verified by the analysis of six real samples collected from breastfeeding mothers suspected of amphetamine abuse. The membrane microextraction techniques turned out to be the most advantageous as they required low amounts of organic solvents but still provided efficient sample clean-up, excellent quantification limit (0.5 ng mL-1), and good recovery (81-91% and 40-89% for electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction, respectively). The traditional liquid-liquid extraction as well as the salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction showed comparable recoveries (41-85% and 63-88%, respectively), but higher quantification limits (2.5 ng mL-1 and 5 ng mL-1, respectively). Moreover, these methods required multiple operating steps and were time consuming. Protein precipitation was fast and simple, but it demonstrated poor sample clean-up, low recovery (56-58%) and high quantification limit (5 ng mL-1). Based on the overall results, microextraction methods can be considered promising candidates, even for routine laboratory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Nemeškalová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kučera
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Věra Najmanová
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Danda H, Pinterová-Leca N, Šíchová K, Štefková-Mazochová K, Syrová K, Olejníková L, Končická M, Mazoch V, Lhotková E, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Effects of synthetic cathinone naphyrone in the conditioned place preference test - evidence of its addictive potential. Behav Brain Res 2021; 421:113713. [PMID: 34906607 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Naphyrone, also known as NRG-1, is a novel psychoactive substance (NPS), a cathinone with stimulatory properties available on the grey/illicit drug market for almost a decade. It is structurally related to infamously known powerful stimulants with the pyrovalerone structure, such as alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP) or methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) that are labeled as a cheap replacement for cocaine and other stimulants. Despite the known addictive potential of α-PVP and MDPV, there are no studies directly evaluating naphyrone's addictive potential e.g., in conditioned place preference (CPP) test or using self-administration. Therefore, our study was designed to evaluate the addictive potential in a CPP test in male Wistar rats and compare its effect to another powerful stimulant with a high addictive potential - methamphetamine. Naphyrone increased time spent in the drug-paired compartment with 5 and 20mg/kg s.c. being significant and 10mg/kg s.c. reaching the threshold (p = 0.07); the effect was comparable to that of methamphetamine 1.5mg/kg s.c. The lowest dose, naphyrone 1mg/kg s.c., had no effect on CPP. Interestingly, no dose response effect was detected. Based on these data, we are able to conclude that naphyrone has an addictive potential and may possess a significant risk to users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková-Mazochová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Syrová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Olejníková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Končická
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Mazoch
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, Klecany, 250 67, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, Prague 10, 100 00, Czech Republic.
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20
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Maryška M, Svobodová L, Dehaen W, Hrabinová M, Rumlová M, Soukup O, Kuchař M. Heterocyclic Cathinones as Inhibitors of Kynurenine Aminotransferase II-Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121291. [PMID: 34959692 PMCID: PMC8708382 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid is a neuroprotective metabolite of tryptophan formed by kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) catalyzed transformation of kynurenine. However, its high brain levels are associated with cognitive deficit and with the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Although several classes of KAT inhibitors have been published, the search for new inhibitor chemotypes is crucial for the process of finding suitable clinical candidates. Therefore, we used pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking, which predicted derivatives of heterocyclic amino ketones as new potential irreversible inhibitors of kynurenine aminotransferase II. Thiazole and triazole-based amino ketones were synthesized within a SAR study and their inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro. The observed activities confirmed our computational model and, moreover, the best compounds showed sub-micromolar inhibitory activity with 2-alaninoyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole having IC50 = 0.097 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Maryška
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (L.S.)
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Svobodová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martina Hrabinová
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defense, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Rumlová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondřej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (O.S.)
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, University of Defense, Třebešská 1575, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (L.S.)
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220-444-431
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21
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Fagan P, Spálovská D, Kuchař M, Černohorský T, Komorousová L, Kocourková L, Setnička V. Ecstasy tablets: Rapid identification and determination of enantiomeric excess of MDMA. Forensic Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2021.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Kochergin YS, Villa K, Nemeškalová A, Kuchař M, Pumera M. Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Visible-Light-Driven Microrobots Based on Donor-Acceptor Organic Polymer for Degradation of Toxic Psychoactive Substances. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18458-18468. [PMID: 34730953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven microrobots based on organic semiconductors have received tremendous attention in the past few years due to their unique properties, such as ease of reactivity tunability, band-gap modulation, and low cost. However, their fabrication with defined morphologies is a very challenging task that results in amorphous microrobots with poor motion efficiencies. Herein, we present hybrid inorganic-organic photoactive microrobots with a tubular shape and based on the combination of a mesoporous silica template with an active polymer containing thiophene and triazine units (named as Tz-Th microrobots). Owing to their well-defined tubular structure, such Tz-Th microrobots showed efficient directional motion under fuel-free conditions. Depending on the accumulation of the polymer coating, these microdevices also exhibited stand-up and rotation motion. As a proof-of-concept, we use these hybrid microrobots for the capture and degradation of toxic psychoactive drugs commonly found in wastewater effluents such as methamphetamine derivatives. We found that the microrobots were able to decompose the drug into small organic fragments after 20 min of visible light irradiation, reaching total intermediates removal after 2 h. Therefore, this approach represents a versatile and low-cost strategy to fabricate structured organic microrobots with efficient directional motion by using inorganic materials as the robot chassis, thereby maintaining the superior photocatalytic performance usually associated with such organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav S Kochergin
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katherine Villa
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Nemeškalová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pumera
- Centre for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Future Energy and Innovation Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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23
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Nykodemová J, Šuláková A, Palivec P, Češková H, Rimpelová S, Šíchová K, Leonhardt T, Jurásek B, Hájková K, Páleníček T, Kuchař M. 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe Metabolites in Rat Urine, Human Liver Microsomes and C. elegans: Confirmation with Synthesized Analytical Standards. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110775. [PMID: 34822433 PMCID: PMC8624686 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds from the N-benzylphenethylamine (NBPEA) class of novel psychoactive substances are being increasingly utilized in neurobiological and clinical research, as diagnostic tools, or for recreational purposes. To understand the pharmacology, safety, or potential toxicity of these substances, elucidating their metabolic fate is therefore of the utmost interest. Several studies on NBPEA metabolism have emerged, but scarce information about substances with a tetrahydrobenzodifuran ("Fly") moiety is available. Here, we investigated the metabolism of 2-(8-bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethan-1-amine (2C-B-Fly-NBOMe) in three different systems: isolated human liver microsomes, Cunninghamella elegans mycelium, and in rats in vivo. Phase I and II metabolites of 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe were first detected in an untargeted screening and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Several hypothesized metabolites were then synthesized as reference standards; knowledge of their fragmentation patterns was utilized for confirmation or tentative identification of isomers. Altogether, thirty-five phase I and nine phase II 2C-B-Fly-NBOMe metabolites were detected. Major detected metabolic pathways were mono- and poly-hydroxylation, O-demethylation, oxidative debromination, and to a lesser extent also N-demethoxybenzylation, followed by glucuronidation and/or N-acetylation. Differences were observed for the three used media. The highest number of metabolites and at highest concentration were found in human liver microsomes. In vivo metabolites detected from rat urine included two poly-hydroxylated metabolites found only in this media. Mycelium matrix contained several dehydrogenated, N-oxygenated, and dibrominated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Nykodemová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Anna Šuláková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Petr Palivec
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Hedvika Češková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +420-220-444-431 (M.K.)
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Tereza Leonhardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.N.); (P.P.); (H.Č.); (B.J.); (K.H.)
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; (A.Š.); (K.Š.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (M.K.); Tel.: +420-220-444-431 (M.K.)
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24
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Štefková-Mazochová K, Danda H, Dehaen W, Jurásek B, Šíchová K, Pinterová-Leca N, Mazoch V, Krausová BH, Kysilov B, Smejkalová T, Vyklický L, Kohout M, Hájková K, Svozil D, Horsley RR, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and behavioural studies of deschloroketamine in Wistar rats. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:65-83. [PMID: 34519023 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Deschloroketamine (DCK), a structural analogue of ketamine, has recently emerged on the illicit drug market as a recreational drug with a modestly long duration of action. Despite it being widely used by recreational users, no systematic research on its effects has been performed to date. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Pharmacokinetics, acute effects, and addictive potential in a series of behavioural tests in Wistar rats were performed following subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of DCK (5, 10, and 30 mg·kg-1 ) and its enantiomers S-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ) and R-DCK (10 mg·kg-1 ). Additionally, activity at human N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was also evaluated. KEY RESULTS DCK rapidly crossed the blood brain barrier, with maximum brain levels achieved at 30 min and remaining high at 2 h after administration. Its antagonist activity at NMDA receptors is comparable to that of ketamine with S-DCK being more potent. DCK had stimulatory effects on locomotion, induced place preference, and robustly disrupted PPI. Locomotor stimulant effects tended to disappear more quickly than disruptive effects on PPI. S-DCK had more pronounced stimulatory properties than its R-enantiomer. However, the potency in disrupting PPI was comparable in both enantiomers. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DCK showed similar behavioural and addictive profiles and pharmacodynamics to ketamine, with S-DCK being in general more active. It has a slightly slower pharmacokinetic profile than ketamine, which is consistent with its reported longer duration of action. These findings have implications and significance for understanding the risks associated with illicit use of DCK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Pinterová-Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Mazoch
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hrčka Krausová
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohdan Kysilov
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Smejkalová
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Vyklický
- Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Svozil
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CAS, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel R Horsley
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
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25
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Šíma M, Michaličková D, Ryšánek P, Cihlářová P, Kuchař M, Lžičařová D, Beroušek J, Hartinger JM, Vymazal T, Slanař O. No Time Dependence of Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics in Critically Ill Adults: Comparison of Individual and Population Analyses. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081156. [PMID: 34452118 PMCID: PMC8402031 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective PK study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin dosed within the first 36 h (early phase) and after 3 days of treatment (delayed phase) using individual and population PK analysis. The secondary aim of the study was to evaluate possible dosing implications of the observed PK differences between early and delayed phases to achieve a PK/PD target for ciprofloxacin of AUC24/MIC ≥ 125. Blood concentrations of ciprofloxacin (1 and 4 h after dose and trough) were monitored in critically ill adults in the early and delayed phases of the treatment. Individual and population PK analyses were performed. Complete concentration-time profiles in the early phase, delayed phase, and both phases were obtained from 29, 15, and 14 patients, respectively. No systematic changes in ciprofloxacin PK parameters between the early and delayed phases were observed, although variability was higher at the early phase. Both individual and population analyses provided similar results. Simulations showed that after standard dosing, it is practically impossible to reach the recommended ciprofloxacin PK/PD target (AUC/MIC ≥ 125) for pathogens with MIC ≥ 0.5 mg/L. A dosing nomogram utilizing patients’ creatinine clearance and MIC values was constructed. Both individual and population analyses provided similar results. Therapeutic drug monitoring should be implemented to safeguard the optimal ciprofloxacin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Šíma
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (J.M.H.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (P.R.)
| | - Danica Michaličková
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (J.M.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (J.M.H.); (O.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.Š.); (P.R.)
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (P.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Daniela Lžičařová
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Beroušek
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Jan Miroslav Hartinger
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (J.M.H.); (O.S.)
| | - Tomáš Vymazal
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICM, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (T.V.)
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.M.); (J.M.H.); (O.S.)
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Fíková A, Kuchař M, Kalfeřt D, Dostálová L, Balko J, Zábrodský M, Plzák J. Experience with follow-up strategy in selected patients with Warthin tumour diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 279:2049-2055. [PMID: 34212241 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Warthin tumour (WT) management options comprise surgery or follow-up. The purpose of this study was to asses our experience with the follow-up strategy in selected patients with an ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) showing WT. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with WT using FNAB between 1.1.2006 and 31.12.2019. Patients were divided into three groups according to the therapeutic approach-immediate surgery, follow-up or surgery and follow-up. RESULTS 323 patients were diagnosed with WT and met the study's inclusion criteria (154 women, 47.7% and 169 men, 52.3%). 192 patients were operated right after the diagnosis, 109 patients were observed with their first detected tumour and 22 patients had parotid WT surgery and were in the wait-and-scan protocol with a contralateral tumour, recurrence or both. The growth rate (GR) of observed WT was highly variable (mean GR 1.0 mm/year (5%), median GR 0.8 mm (9%), range - 19.7 to +20.0 mm/year). From 131 patients in the follow-up group, 19 patients underwent surgery and definitive histology revealed 17 WTs and 2 adenocarcinomas. However, these 2 patients had changes in sonographic findings at their next control. The mean observation time was 44.7 months (range 12-138 months) in patients followed exclusively at our institution and 50.9 months (range 12-110 months) in patients observed in cooperation with an otorhinolaryngologist at the patients' place of residence. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided FNAB is an accurate and simple method in WT diagnosis and based on its result a follow-up strategy can be chosen for selected patients with WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžběta Fíková
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kalfeřt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Dostálová
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Balko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, V Úvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zábrodský
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plzák
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Faculty Hospital Motol, Postgraduate Medical School, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kosović E, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Stability Study of Cannabidiol in the Form of Solid Powder and Sunflower Oil Solution. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030412. [PMID: 33808893 PMCID: PMC8003596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability studies represent an essential component of pharmaceutical development, enabling critical evaluation of the therapeutic potential of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) or a final pharmaceutical product under the influence of various environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical stability of cannabidiol (CBD) in the form of a solid powder (hereinafter referred to as CBD powder) and also dissolved in sunflower oil. We performed stress studies in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, where 5 mg of marketed CBD in the form of a solid powder and in form of oil solution were exposed for 7 and 14, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, and 365 days to precisely defined temperature and humidity conditions, 25 °C ± 2 °C/60% RH ± 5% and 40 °C ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5% in both open and closed vials in the dark. CBD powder was significantly more stable than CBD in oil solution. Such finding is important because CBD is often administered dissolved in oil matrix in practice due to very good bioavailability. Thus, the knowledge on admissible shelf time is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Kosović
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of CAS v.v.i., Rozvojová 135, 16502 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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28
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Pinterova‐Leca N, Horsley RR, Danda H, Žídková M, Lhotková E, Šíchová K, Štefková K, Balíková M, Kuchař M, Páleníček T. Naphyrone (naphthylpyrovalerone): Pharmacokinetics, behavioural effects and thermoregulation in Wistar rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12906. [PMID: 32378298 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Naphthylpyrovalerone (naphyrone) is a pyrovalerone cathinone that potently inhibits monoamine transporters and provides stimulatory-entactogenic effects. Little is known about the safety of naphyrone or its effects in vivo, and more research is needed to acquire knowledge about its fundamental effects on physiology and behaviour. Our objective was to investigate naphyrone's pharmacokinetics, acute toxicity, hyperthermic potential and stimulatory and psychotomimetic properties in vivo in male Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetics after 1 mg/kg subcutaneous (sc.) naphyrone were measured over 6 h in serum, the brain, liver and lungs. Rectal temperature (degree Celsius) was measured over 10 h in group-versus individually housed rats after 20 mg/kg sc. In the behavioural experiments, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg of naphyrone was administered 15 or 60 min prior to testing. Stimulation was assessed in the open field, and sensorimotor processing in a prepulse inhibition (PPI) task. Peak concentrations of naphyrone in serum and tissue were reached at 30 min, with a long-lasting elevation in the brain/serum ratio, consistent with observations of lasting hyperlocomotion in the open field and modest increases in body temperature. Administration of 20 mg/kg transiently enhanced PPI. Naphyrone crosses the blood-brain barrier rapidly and is eliminated slowly, and its long-lasting effects correspond to its pharmacokinetics. No specific signs of acute toxicity were observed; therefore, clinical care and harm-reduction guidance should be in line with that available for other stimulants and cathinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Pinterova‐Leca
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Rachel R. Horsley
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Danda
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Monika Žídková
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eva Lhotková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
| | - Marie Balíková
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague Prague Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology National Institute of Mental Health Klecany Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic
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Shishkanova TV, Štěpánková N, Tlustý M, Tobrman T, Jurásek B, Kuchař M, Trchová M, Fitl P, Vrňata M. Electrochemically oxidized 15-crown-5 substituted thiophene and host-guest interaction with new psychoactive substances. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Spálovská D, Paškan M, Jurásek B, Kuchař M, Kohout M, Setnička V. Structural spectroscopic study of enantiomerically pure synthetic cathinones and their major metabolites. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a chiral semipreparative methodology and a comprehensive spectroscopic structural study of three synthetic cathinones and their expected desmethyl metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dita Spálovská
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Paškan
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kohout
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
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31
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Švec P, Nový Z, Kučka J, Petřík M, Sedláček O, Kuchař M, Lišková B, Medvedíková M, Kolouchová K, Groborz O, Loukotová L, Konefał RŁ, Hajdúch M, Hrubý M. Iodinated Choline Transport-Targeted Tracers. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15960-15978. [PMID: 33271015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel series of radioiodinated tracers and potential theranostics for diseases accompanied by pathological function of proteins involved in choline transport. Unlike choline analogues labeled with 11C or 18F that are currently used in the clinic, the iodinated compounds described herein are applicable in positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, and potentially in therapy, depending on the iodine isotope selection. Moreover, favorable half-lives of iodine isotopes result in much less challenging synthesis by isotope exchange reaction. Six of the described compounds were nanomolar ligands, and the best compound possessed an affinity 100-fold greater than that of choline. Biodistribution data of 125I-labeled ligands in human prostate carcinoma bearing (PC-3) mice revealed two compounds with a biodistribution profile superior to that of [18F]fluorocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Švec
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Nový
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kučka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Petřík
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 1905/5, Prague 160 00, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Kolouchová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Groborz
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Loukotová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Ł Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, CAS, Heyrovského sq. 2, Prague 6 162 06, Czech Republic
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Gotvaldová K, Hájková K, Borovička J, Jurok R, Cihlářová P, Kuchař M. Stability of psilocybin and its four analogs in the biomass of the psychotropic mushroom Psilocybe cubensis. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:439-446. [PMID: 33119971 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, and aeruginascin are tryptamines structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Psilocybin and its pharmacologically active metabolite psilocin in particular are known for their psychoactive effects. These substances typically occur in most species of the genus Psilocybe (Fungi, Strophariaceae). Even the sclerotia of some of these fungi known as "magic truffles" are of growing interest in microdosing due to them improving cognitive function studies. In addition to microdosing studies, psilocybin has also been applied in clinical studies, but only its pure form has been administrated so far. Moreover, the determination of tryptamine alkaloids is used in forensic analysis. In this study, freshly cultivated fruit bodies of Psilocybe cubensis were used for monitoring stability (including storage and processing conditions of fruiting bodies). Furthermore, mycelium and the individual parts of the fruiting bodies (caps, stipes, and basidiospores) were also examined. The concentration of tryptamines in final extracts was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. No tryptamines were detected in the basidiospores, and only psilocin was present at 0.47 wt.% in the mycelium. The stipes contained approximately half the amount of tryptamine alkaloids (0.52 wt.%) than the caps (1.03 wt.%); however, these results were not statistically significant, as the concentration of tryptamines in individual fruiting bodies is highly variable. The storage conditions showed that the highest degradation of tryptamines was seen in fresh mushrooms stored at -80°C, and the lowest decay was seen in dried biomass stored in the dark at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gotvaldová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Borovička
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jurok
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cihlářová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6-Dejvice, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Nemeškalová A, Hájková K, Mikulů L, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Combination of UV and MS/MS detection for the LC analysis of cannabidiol-rich products. Talanta 2020; 219:121250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Edita Kofroňová
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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35
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Jurásek B, Čmelo I, Svoboda J, Čejka J, Svozil D, Kuchař M. New psychoactive substances on dark web markets: From deal solicitation to forensic analysis of purchased substances. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:156-168. [PMID: 32678972 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The dark web scene has been drawing the attention of law enforcement agencies and researchers alike. To date, most of the published works on the dark web are based on data gained by passive observation. To gain a more contextualized perspective, a study was conducted in which three vendors were selected on the "Dream Market" dark web marketplace, from whom subsequently several new psychoactive substances (NPS) were ordered. All transactions were documented from the initial drug deal solicitation to the final qualitative analysis of all received samples. From the selected vendors, a total of nine NPS samples was obtained, all of which were analyzed by NMR, HRMS, LC-UV, and two also by x-ray diffraction. According to our analyses, four of the five substances offered under already known NPS names contained a different NPS. The selected vendors therefore either did not know about their product, or deliberately deceived the buyers. Furthermore, two of three obtained samples of purportedly novel NPS were identified as already documented substances sold under a different name. However, the third characterized substance sold as "MPF-47700" was a novel, yet uncharacterized, NPS. Finally, we received a single undeclared substance, later identified as 5F-ADB. In addition to chemical analysis of the nine obtained NPS samples, the methodology used also yielded contextual information about the accessibility of NPS on the dark web, the associated purchase process, and the modus operandi of three NPS vendors. Direct participation in dark web marketplaces seems to provide additional layers of information useful for forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Čmelo
- CZ-OPENSCREEN:National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Svozil
- CZ-OPENSCREEN:National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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Řezanka P, Macková D, Jurok R, Himl M, Kuchař M. Enantioseparation and Determination of Mephedrone and Its Metabolites by Capillary Electrophoresis Using Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122879. [PMID: 32585814 PMCID: PMC7355680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mephedrone, a psychoactive compound derived from cathinone, is widely used as a designer drug. The determination of mephedrone and its metabolites is important for understanding its possible use in medicine. In this work, a method of capillary electrophoresis for the chiral separation of mephedrone and its metabolites was developed. Carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin was selected as the most effective chiral selector from seven tested cyclodextrin derivates. Based on the simplex method, the optimal composition of the background electrolyte was determined: at pH 2.75 and 7.5 mmol·L-1 carboxymethylated β-cyclodextrin the highest total resolution of a mixture of analytes was achieved. For mephedrone and its metabolites, calibration curves were constructed in a calibration range from 0.2 to 5 mmol·L-1; limits of detection, limits of quantification, precision, and repeatability were calculated, and according to Mandel's fitting test, the linear calibration ranges were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence:
| | - Denisa Macková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Radek Jurok
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.J.); (M.K.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Himl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (R.J.); (M.K.)
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Jurásek B, Bartůněk V, Huber Š, Fagan P, Setnička V, Králík F, Dehaen W, Svozil D, Kuchař M. Can X-Ray Powder Diffraction Be a Suitable Forensic Method for Illicit Drug Identification? Front Chem 2020; 8:499. [PMID: 32656182 PMCID: PMC7325198 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPSs) are associated with a significant number of intoxications. With the number of readily available forms of these drugs rising every year, there are even risks for the general public. Consequently, there is a high demand for methods sufficiently sensitive to detect NPSs in samples found at the crime scene. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies are commonly used for such detection, but they have limitations; for example, fluorescence in Raman can overlay the signal and when the sample is a mixture sometimes neither Raman nor IR is able to identify the compounds. Here, we investigate the potential of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) to analyse samples seized on the black market. A series of psychoactive substances (heroin, cocaine, mephedrone, ephylone, butylone, JWH-073, and naphyrone) was measured. Comparison of their diffraction patterns with those of the respective standards showed that XRPD was able to identify each of the substances. The same samples were analyzed using IR and Raman, which in both cases were not able to detect the compounds in all of the samples. These results suggest that XRPD could be a valuable addition to the range of forensic tools used to detect these compounds in illicit drug samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vilém Bartůněk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Štěpán Huber
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Fagan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Králík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Wim Dehaen
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Svozil
- CZ-OPENSCREEN: National Infrastructure for Chemical Biology, Department of Informatics and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Madsen MK, Fisher PM, Stenbæk DS, Kristiansen S, Burmester D, Lehel S, Páleníček T, Kuchař M, Svarer C, Ozenne B, Knudsen GM. A single psilocybin dose is associated with long-term increased mindfulness, preceded by a proportional change in neocortical 5-HT2A receptor binding. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:71-80. [PMID: 32146028 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A single dose of the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist psilocybin can have long-lasting beneficial effects on mood, personality, and potentially on mindfulness, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we for the first time conduct a study that assesses psilocybin effects on cerebral 5-HT2AR binding with [11C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and on personality and mindfulness. Ten healthy and psychedelic-naïve volunteers underwent PET neuroimaging of 5-HT2AR at baseline (BL) and one week (1W) after a single oral dose of psilocybin (0.2-0.3 mg/kg). Personality (NEO PI-R) and mindfulness (MAAS) questionnaires were completed at BL and at three-months follow-up (3M). Paired t-tests revealed statistically significant increases in personality Openness (puncorrected = 0.04, mean change [95%CI]: 4.2[0.4;∞]), which was hypothesized a priori to increase, and mindfulness (pFWER = 0.02, mean change [95%CI]: 0.5 [0.2;0.7]). Although 5-HT2AR binding at 1W versus BL was similar across individuals (puncorrected = 0.8, mean change [95%CI]: 0.007 [-0.04;0.06]), a post hoc linear regression analysis showed that change in mindfulness and 5-HT2AR correlated negatively (β [95%CI] = -5.0 [-9.0; -0.9], pFWER= 0.046). In conclusion, we confirm that psilocybin intake is associated with long-term increases in Openness and - as a novel finding - mindfulness, which may be a key element of psilocybin therapy. Cerebral 5-HT2AR binding did not change across individuals but the negative association between changes in 5-HT2AR binding and mindfulness suggests that individual change in 5-HT2AR levels after psilocybin is variable and represents a potential mechanism influencing long-term effects of psilocybin on mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Korsbak Madsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick MacDonald Fisher
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dea Siggaard Stenbæk
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Kristiansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Burmester
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- PET and Cyclotron Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claus Svarer
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brice Ozenne
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Huml L, Havlová D, Longin O, Staňková E, Holubová B, Kuchař M, Prokudina E, Rottnerová Z, Zimmermann T, Drašar P, Lapčík O, Jurášek M. Stanazolol derived ELISA as a sensitive forensic tool for the detection of multiple 17α-methylated anabolics. Steroids 2020; 155:108550. [PMID: 31812623 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two valuable forensic tools based on enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs) for the analysis of 17α-methylated steroids were developed using haptens of stanazolol and its conjugates with biotin. Haptens containing terminal carboxylic group were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit serum albumin (RSA) or ovalbumin (OVA). Eight batches of antisera (RAbs) obtained by immunization of rabbits were tested in an indirect competitive ELISA system using immobilization of RSA conjugate (RSA/hapten) and competitor immobilization of the biotinylated conjugate (AB-ELISA) to avidin (avidin/hapten). The best results were achieved with the RAb 212 antibodies in RSA/ST-3 and avidin/ST-10 assembled variants. For the RSA/ST-3 system, an IC50 of 0.3 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.02 ng/mL were measured. In case of avidin/ST-10 variant, IC50 was of 3.9 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.57 ng/mL were obtained. The effect of solvent was tested as well as the stability of coated microtiter plates over four-month period. The cross-reactivity of the developed assays with other anabolic steroids was tested and high sensitivity towards 17α-methylated steroids was observed. RSA/ST-3 assay showed significant cross-reactivity with 17α-methyltestosterone (81.2%), oxymetholone (30.4%), methandienone (10.0%) and methyl dihydrotestosterone (7.7%). Similarly, in the avidin/ST-10 assay, 17α-methyltestosterone (34.5%), mestanolone (32.1%), oxymetholone (22.7%), methandienone (14.2%), 9-dehydromethyltestosterone (12.5%) and oxandrolone (1.2%) exhibited high cross-reactivity. The functionality of the developed systems was verified by the successful identification of a series of 17α-methylated anabolic steroids in a set of real samples including pharmaceutical preparations seized by the Police of the Czech Republic on the black market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Huml
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Havlová
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Longin
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Staňková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Prokudina
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Rottnerová
- Central Laboratory of Mass Spectroscopy, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jurášek
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, CZ-166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Králík F, Fagan P, Kuchař M, Setnička V. Structure of heroin in a solution revealed by chiroptical spectroscopy. Chirality 2020; 32:854-865. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- František Králík
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Fagan
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances and Department of Chemistry of Natural CompoundsUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague Czech Republic
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Hájková K, Jurásek B, Čejka J, Štefková K, Páleníček T, Sýkora D, Kuchař M. Synthesis and identification of deschloroketamine metabolites in rats' urine and a quantification method for deschloroketamine and metabolites in rats' serum and brain tissue using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:343-360. [PMID: 31670910 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Deschloroketamine (2-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-cyclohexanone) is a ketamine analog belonging to a group of dissociative anesthetics, which have been distributed within the illicit market since 2015. However, it was also being sold as 'ketamine' misleading people to believe that they were getting genuine ketamine. Dissociative anesthetics have also come to the attention of the psychiatric field due to their potential properties in the treatment of depression. At present, there is a dearth of information on deschloroketamine related to its metabolism, biodistribution, and its mechanism of action. We have therefore carried out a metabolomics study for deschloroketamine via non-targeted screening of urine samples employing liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry. We developed and validated a multiple reaction monitoring method using a triple quadrupole instrument to track metabolites of deschloroketamine. Furthermore, significant metabolites of deschloroketamine, (trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine, cis- and trans-dihydronordeschloroketamine, and nordeschloroketamine), were synthesized in-house. The prepared standards were utilized in the developed multiple reaction monitoring method. The quantification method for serum samples provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 86% to 112% with precision of 3% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine were lower than 10 ng/mL, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 860 ng/mL in real samples. The quantification method for brain tissue provided intra-day accuracy ranging from 80% to 125% with precision of 7% on average. The concentrations of cis/trans-dihydronordeschloroketamines and trans-dihydrodeschloroketamine ranged from 0.5 to 70 ng/g, nordeschloroketamine and deschloroketamine varied from 0.5 to 4700 ng/g in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hájková
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Brain Electrophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Jurásek
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Čejka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Ruská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, UCT Prague, Technická 5, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová, Klecany, Czech Republic
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Shishkanova TV, Vatrsková L, Spálovská D, Králík F, Cuřínová P, Winkler M, Budka J, Jurásek B, Kuchař M, Setnička V. Complexation of cathinones by 4-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetra-acetate as a possible technique for forensic analysis. Forensic Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00489-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractThis review presents a comprehensive summary of the research progress on the synthesis of rare earth fluoride nanomaterials using the most common methods of synthesis. Special focus is on syntheses utilising ionic liquids, which is a new and promising way of preparing nanomaterials without the use of dangerous organic solvents (toxic, flammable, or combustive). Rare earth fluoride nanoparticles can be obtained with a high yield, purity, and crystallinity, and with different morphologies and luminescent properties depending on the selected method of synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Guricová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pinc
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Metallic Materials and Corrosion Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Malinčik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Rak
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Bartůněk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Phone: +420 220443765
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Nemeškalová A, Bursová M, Sýkora D, Kuchař M, Čabala R, Hložek T. Salting out assisted liquid-liquid extraction for liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry determination of amphetamine-like stimulants in meconium. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 172:42-49. [PMID: 31022615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade there has been a dramatic increase in the availability and abuse of synthetic cathinones - new amphetamine-like stimulants. Even though their abuse during pregnancy could have serious adverse effects on the fetus, cathinones are not readily included in neonatal toxicological screenings. Meconium (first neonatal stool) is the specimen of choice to reveal long term drug exposure, however as it is a highly complex matrix, the sample preparation is a critical step before the instrumental analysis. The aim of this work was to develop a suitable meconium sample extraction technique using the advantages of salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and using only MS-friendly organic ammonium salts. We further developed and validated liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry method for the determination of 'traditional' stimulants (methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDMA) and cathinones (mephedrone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), methylone, butylone, flephedrone, and naphyrone). Matrix-matched calibration was prepared in the concentration range 10-2000 ng/g. The limits of quantification were determined as 10 ng/g, recoveries ranged from 48.2% to 94.3% and the matrix effect was between 60.2% and 101.4%. Accuracy (86.1-114.5%) and precision (4.9-14.9%) were determined and all validation criteria were met for all analytes except for naphyrone. Finally, our analytical method was tested on a set of real meconium samples, which were found positive for amphetamine, methamphetamine and methylone, thus demonstrating the validity of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžběta Nemeškalová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Bursová
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic.
| | - Radomír Čabala
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hložek
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 2, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Knytl P, Voráčková V, Dorazilová A, Rodriguez M, Cvrčková A, Kofroňová E, Kuchař M, Kratochvílová Z, Šustová P, Čerešňáková S, Mohr P. Neuroactive Steroids and Cognitive Functions in First-Episode Psychosis Patients and Their Healthy Siblings. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:390. [PMID: 31275177 PMCID: PMC6591670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroactive steroids (NAS) affect neurotransmitter systems and cognition; thus, they play role in etiopathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Aims: The primary aim was to examine cognition and effects of NAS on cognitive functioning in first-episode psychosis patients and in their healthy siblings. The secondary aims were to verify whether cognitive deficit is an endophenotype of psychosis and whether higher NAS levels represent a high-risk factor for psychosis. Methods: Studied participants were 1) patients with first episode of psychosis, 2) healthy siblings of the patients, and 3) matching healthy controls. Study procedures included administration of a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing six cognitive domains and examination of NAS plasma levels [cortisol (CORT), 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC), testosterone (TEST), dehydroepiandrostendione (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and progesterone (PROG)]. Results: A total of 67 subjects were analyzed (16 patients, 22 siblings, and 29 controls). Significant group differences were found in most of the cognitive domains; the patients had the lowest scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant group differences in CORT levels (p < 0.01), TEST (p < 0.01), and DHT (p < 0.001); no difference was found in PROG, DHEA, and DOC. All cognitive domains, except for attention, were affected by the NAS levels. CORT levels of patients correlated with speed of processing (r = 0.55) and working memory (r = 0.52), while PROG levels correlated with abstraction (r = -0.63). In siblings, there was a negative correlation between TEST levels and verbal memory (r = -0.51) and PROG with attention (r = -0.47). Conclusions: Our results verified that individual domains of cognitive deficit (abstraction and verbal memory) can be considered as an endophenotype of psychosis. Higher levels of cortisol and testosterone in siblings are consistent with high-risk states for psychosis. Multiple interactions between NAS and cognitive functioning, particularly memory functions, were observed. Study limitations (small sample size and administration of antipsychotic medication) did not allow us to establish unequivocally NAS as an endophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Knytl
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Voráčková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aneta Dorazilová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Aneta Cvrčková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Martin Kuchař
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | | | - Petra Šustová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Silvie Čerešňáková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Mohr
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Holubová B, Mikšátková P, Kuchař M, Karamonová L, Lapčík O, Fukal L. Immunochemical techniques for anabolic androgenic steroid: matrix effects study for food supplements. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Šuláková A, Fojtíková L, Holubová B, Bártová K, Lapčík O, Kuchař M. Two immunoassays for the detection of 2C-B and related hallucinogenic phenethylamines. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2018; 95:36-46. [PMID: 30481558 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of new psychoactive substances as drugs of abuse has dramatically increased over the last years. Hallucinogenic phenethylamines gained particular popularity as they have both stimulating and psychedelic effects. Although generally perceived as safe, these illicit drugs pose a serious health risk; they have been linked to cases of severe poisoning or even deaths. Therefore, simple, cost-effective and reliable methods are needed for rapid determination of abused hallucinogens. METHODS For this purpose, two haptens derived from 2C-H were designed, synthesized and subsequently attached to a carrier protein. Polyclonal antibodies obtained from a rabbit immunized with one of the prepared immunogens were used for the development of two immunoassays. RESULTS In this study, a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of 2C-B and related hallucinogenic phenethylamines in urine were developed. The presented LFIA is primarily suitable for on-site monitoring as it is simple and can provide a visual evidence of 2C-B presence within a few minutes. Its reasonable sensitivity (LODLFIA = 15 ± 7 ng mL-1) allows detection of the drug presence in urine after acute exposure. For greater accuracy, highly sensitive ELISA (LODELISA = 6 ± 3 pg mL-1) is proposed for toxicological quantitative analyses of positive samples captured by the LFIA. DISCUSSION The comparison of the ELISA with the well-established UHPLC-MS-MS method shows excellent agreement of results, which confirms good potential of the ELISA to be used for routine analyses of 2C-B and related hallucinogenic phenethylamines of both main sub-families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Šuláková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czechia.
| | - Lucie Fojtíková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia.
| | - Barbora Holubová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia.
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia.
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Praha 6, Dejvice, Czechia; Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czechia.
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Uttl L, Szczurowska E, Hájková K, Horsley RR, Štefková K, Hložek T, Šíchová K, Balíková M, Kuchař M, Micale V, Páleníček T. Behavioral and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Indole-Derived Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 as Compared to the Phytocannabinoid Δ 9-THC in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:703. [PMID: 30405327 PMCID: PMC6206206 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoid compounds are marketed as “legal” marijuana substitutes, even though little is known about their behavioral effects in relation to their pharmacokinetic profiles. Therefore, in the present study we assessed the behavioral effects of systemic treatment with the two synthetic cannabinoids JWH-073 and JWH-210 and the phytocannabinoid Δ9-THC on locomotor activity, anxiety-like phenotype (in the open field) and sensorimotor gating (measured as prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, PPI), in relation to cannabinoid serum levels. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously (sc.) with JWH-073 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), JWH-210 (0.1, 0.5, or 5 mg/kg), Δ9-THC (1 or 3 mg/kg) or vehicle (oleum helanti) in a volume of 0.5 ml/kg and tested in the open field and PPI. Although JWH-073, JWH-210, Δ9-THC (and its metabolites) were confirmed in serum, effects on sensorimotor gating were absent, and locomotor activity was only partially affected. Δ9-THC (3 mg/kg) elicited an anxiolytic-like effect as suggested by the increased time spent in the center of the open field (p < 0.05). Our results further support the potential anxiolytic-like effect of pharmacological modulation of the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Uttl
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ewa Szczurowska
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Hájková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rachel R Horsley
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Štefková
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hložek
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klára Šíchová
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Marie Balíková
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Kuchař
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Forensic Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Řezanková K, Kohoutová R, Kuchař M, Král V, Řezanka P. Enantioseparation of novel psychoactive chiral amines and their mixture by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Chem Pap 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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50
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Sýkorová S, Fojtíková L, Kuchař M, Mikšátková P, Karamonová L, Fukal L, Lapčík O, Holubová B. Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for screening methandienone in dietary supplements. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:1653-1661. [PMID: 29601260 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1459876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Methandienone is a synthetic exogenous steroid which, like other anabolic steroids, is strictly regulated in many countries. In recent years, increasing numbers have been detected of illegal additions into dietary supplements of methandienone and other anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS). In this work, a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been constructed for the detection of methandienone using an antiserum against methandienone. Under optimal experimental conditions, the ELISA achieved a limit of detection of 0.04 ± 0.01 µg.g-1. The obtained intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were less than 8%. The developed ELISA was applied in the analysis of real dietary supplement samples. To minimise the effect of the sample matrix, the sample extracts were simply diluted before addition into the immunoassay. The achieved recovery values were around 100%. Results obtained from the ELISA correlated well, both in terms of accuracy and precision, with those obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS (reference method). The presented ELISA could be successfully applied for the simple screening of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sýkorová
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Fojtíková
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuchař
- b Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mikšátková
- b Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Karamonová
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Fukal
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Lapčík
- b Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Holubová
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology , University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Prague , Czech Republic
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