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Čuda J, Pyšková K, Hejda M, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Zambatis G, Pyšek P. Habitat modifies the relationship between grass and herbivore species richness in a South African savanna. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11167. [PMID: 38623521 PMCID: PMC11016939 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The savanna ecosystem is dominated by grasses, which are a key food source for many species of grazing animals. This relationship creates a diverse mosaic of habitats and contributes to the high grass species richness of savannas. However, how grazing interacts with environmental conditions in determining grass species richness and abundance in savannas is still insufficiently understood. In the Kruger National Park, South Africa, we recorded grass species and estimated their covers in 60 plots 50 × 50 m in size, accounting for varying proximity to water and different bedrocks. To achieve this, we located plots (i) near perennial rivers, near seasonal rivers, and on crests that are distant from all water sources and (ii) on nutrient-rich basaltic and nutrient-poor granitic bedrock. The presence and abundance of large herbivores were recorded by 60 camera traps located in the same plots. Grass cover was higher at crests and seasonal rivers than at perennial rivers and on basalts than on granites. The relationship between grass species richness and herbivore abundance or species richness was positive at crests, while that between grass species richness and herbivore species richness was negative at seasonal rivers. We found no support for controlling the dominance of grasses by herbivores in crests, but herbivore-induced microsite heterogeneity may account for high grass species richness there. In contrast, the decrease in grass species richness with herbivore species richness at seasonal rivers indicates that the strong grazing pressure over-rides the resistance of some species to grazing and trampling. We suggest that the relationships between grasses and herbivores may work in both directions, but the relationship is habitat-dependent, so that in less productive environments, the effect of herbivores on vegetation prevails, while in more productive environments along rivers the effect of vegetation and water supply on herbivores is more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Čuda
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | | | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
- Department of Mathematical SciencesStellenbosch UniversityMatielandSouth Africa
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Centre for Theoretical StudiesCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Czech Academy of SciencesBiology Centre, Institute of EntomologyČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
| | - Guin Zambatis
- Scientific Services, South African National ParksSkukuzaSouth Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of BotanyPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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2
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Kumschick S, Bertolino S, Blackburn TM, Brundu G, Costello KE, de Groot M, Evans T, Gallardo B, Genovesi P, Govender T, Jeschke JM, Lapin K, Measey J, Novoa A, Nunes AL, Probert AF, Pyšek P, Preda C, Rabitsch W, Roy HE, Smith KG, Tricarico E, Vilà M, Vimercati G, Bacher S. Using the IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa to inform decision-making. Conserv Biol 2024; 38:e14214. [PMID: 38051018 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is an important tool for biological invasion policy and management and has been adopted as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) standard to measure the severity of environmental impacts caused by organisms living outside their native ranges. EICAT has already been incorporated into some national and local decision-making procedures, making it a particularly relevant resource for addressing the impact of non-native species. Recently, some of the underlying conceptual principles of EICAT, particularly those related to the use of the precautionary approach, have been challenged. Although still relatively new, guidelines for the application and interpretation of EICAT will be periodically revisited by the IUCN community, based on scientific evidence, to improve the process. Some of the criticisms recently raised are based on subjectively selected assumptions that cannot be generalized and may harm global efforts to manage biological invasions. EICAT adopts a precautionary principle by considering a species' impact history elsewhere because some taxa have traits that can make them inherently more harmful. Furthermore, non-native species are often important drivers of biodiversity loss even in the presence of other pressures. Ignoring the precautionary principle when tackling the impacts of non-native species has led to devastating consequences for human well-being, biodiversity, and ecosystems, as well as poor management outcomes, and thus to significant economic costs. EICAT is a relevant tool because it supports prioritization and management of non-native species and meeting and monitoring progress toward the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Target 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Brundu
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Katie E Costello
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Thomas Evans
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Piero Genovesi
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- ISPRA, Rome, Italy
- IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Roma, Italy
| | - Tanushri Govender
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Lapin
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape (BFW), Vienna, Austria
| | - John Measey
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute for Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ana Novoa
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ana L Nunes
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna F Probert
- Zoology Discipline, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Preda
- Department of Natural Sciences, Ovidius University of Constanta, Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Helen E Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Kevin G Smith
- Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Science and Data Centre, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Tricarico
- National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Doñana Biological Station (EBD-CSIC) and Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Robeck P, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Mesgaran MB. Invading plants remain undetected in a lag phase while they explore suitable climates. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:477-488. [PMID: 38332027 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Successful alien species may experience a period of quiescence, known as the lag phase, before becoming invasive and widespread. The existence of lags introduces severe uncertainty in risk analyses of aliens as the present state of species is a poor predictor of future distributions, invasion success and impact. Predicting a species' ability to invade and pose negative impacts requires a quantitative understanding of the commonality and magnitude of lags, environmental factors and mechanisms likely to terminate lag. Using herbarium and climate data, we analysed over 5,700 time series (species × regions) in 3,505 naturalized plant species from nine regions in temperate and tropical climates to quantify lags and test whether there have been shifts in the species' climatic space during the transition from the lag phase to the expansion phase. Lags were identified in 35% of the assessed invasion events. We detected phylogenetic signals for lag phases in temperate climate regions and that annual self-fertilizing species were less likely to experience lags. Where lags existed, they had an average length of 40 years and a maximum of 320 years. Lengthy lags (>100 years) were more likely to occur in perennial plants and less frequent in self-pollinating species. For 98% of the species with a lag phase, the climate spaces sampled during the lag period differed from those in the expansion phase based on the assessment of centroid shifts or degree of climate space overlap. Our results highlight the importance of functional traits for the onset of the expansion phase and suggest that climate discovery may play a role in terminating the lag phase. However, other possibilities, such as sampling issues and climate niche shifts, cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Robeck
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mohsen B Mesgaran
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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4
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Guo K, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Kinlock NL, Lučanová M, Leitch IJ, Pierce S, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Guo WY. Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1330. [PMID: 38351066 PMCID: PMC10864296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ a multi-level framework to investigate the interplay between plant characteristics (genome size, Grime's adaptive CSR-strategies and native range size) and economic use and how these factors collectively affect plant naturalization and invasion success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight the substantial contribution of human assistance in both the naturalization and spread of invasive plants, we also uncovered the pivotal role of species' adaptive strategies among the factors studied, and the significantly varying influence of these factors across invasion stages. We further revealed that the effects of genome size on plant invasions were partially mediated by species adaptive strategies and native range size. Our study provides insights into the complex and dynamic process of plant invasions and identifies its key drivers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Evolutionary Plant Biology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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5
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Fan SY, Yang Q, Li SP, Fristoe TS, Cadotte MW, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Kartesz J, Nishino M, Wieringa JJ, van Kleunen M. A latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum at the global scale for flowering plants. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6244. [PMID: 37828007 PMCID: PMC10570376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Darwin's naturalization conundrum describes two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding whether alien species closely or distantly related to native species should be more likely to naturalize in regional floras. Both expectations have accumulated empirical support, and whether such apparent inconsistency can be reconciled at the global scale is unclear. Here, using 219,520 native and 9,531 naturalized alien plant species across 487 globally distributed regions, we found a latitudinal gradient in Darwin's naturalization conundrum. Naturalized alien plant species are more closely related to native species at higher latitudes than they are at lower latitudes, indicating a greater influence of preadaptation in harsher climates. Human landscape modification resulted in even steeper latitudinal clines by selecting aliens distantly related to natives in warmer and drier regions. Our results demonstrate that joint consideration of climatic and anthropogenic conditions is critical to reconciling Darwin's naturalization conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ya Fan
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06108, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico - Río Piedras, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, 27516, NC, USA
| | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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6
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Zhang Z, Yang Q, Fristoe TS, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Winter M, Fuentes N, Kartesz JT, Nishino M, van Kleunen M. The poleward naturalization of intracontinental alien plants. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadi1897. [PMID: 37792943 PMCID: PMC10550228 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant introductions outside their native ranges by humans have led to substantial ecological consequences. While we have gained considerable knowledge about intercontinental introductions, the distribution and determinants of intracontinental aliens remain poorly understood. Here, we studied naturalized (i.e., self-sustaining) intracontinental aliens using native and alien floras of 243 mainland regions in North America, South America, Europe, and Australia. We revealed that 4510 plant species had intracontinental origins, accounting for 3.9% of all plant species and 56.7% of all naturalized species in these continents. In North America and Europe, the numbers of intracontinental aliens peaked at mid-latitudes, while the proportion peaked at high latitudes in Europe. Notably, we found predominant poleward naturalization, primarily due to larger native species pools in low-latitudes. Geographic and climatic distances constrained the naturalization of intracontinental aliens in Australia, Europe, and North America, but not in South America. These findings suggest that poleward naturalizations will accelerate, as high latitudes become suitable for more plant species due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Trevor S. Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - John T. Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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7
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Fristoe TS, Bleilevens J, Kinlock NL, Yang Q, Zhang Z, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, Dufour-Dror JM, Sennikov AN, Wasowicz P, Westergaard KB, van Kleunen M. Evolutionary imbalance, climate and human history jointly shape the global biogeography of alien plants. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1633-1644. [PMID: 37652998 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are causing global biotic redistribution, translocating species and providing them with opportunities to establish populations beyond their native ranges. Species originating from certain global regions, however, are disproportionately represented among naturalized aliens. The evolutionary imbalance hypothesis posits that differences in absolute fitness among biogeographic divisions determine outcomes when biotas mix. Here, we compile data from native and alien distributions for nearly the entire global seed plant flora and find that biogeographic conditions predicted to drive evolutionary imbalance act alongside climate and anthropogenic factors to shape flows of successful aliens among regional biotas. Successful aliens tend to originate from large, biodiverse regions that support abundant populations and where species evolve against a diverse backdrop of competitors and enemies. We also reveal that these same native distribution characteristics are shared among the plants that humans select for cultivation and economic use. In addition to influencing species' innate potentials as invaders, we therefore suggest that evolutionary imbalance shapes plants' relationships with humans, impacting which species are translocated beyond their native distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Jonas Bleilevens
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- The German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander N Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pawel Wasowicz
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgir vid Nordurslod, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Kristine B Westergaard
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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8
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Pyšek P, Lučanová M, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Leitch IJ, Lenzner B, Meyerson LA, Pergl J, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Guo WY. Small genome size and variation in ploidy levels support the naturalization of vascular plants but constrain their invasive spread. New Phytol 2023; 239:2389-2403. [PMID: 37438886 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Karyological characteristics are among the traits underpinning the invasion success of vascular plants. Using 11 049 species, we tested the effects of genome size and ploidy levels on plant naturalization (species forming self-sustaining populations where they are not native) and invasion (naturalized species spreading rapidly and having environmental impact). The probability that a species naturalized anywhere in the world decreased with increasing monoploid genome size (DNA content of a single chromosome set). Naturalized or invasive species with intermediate monoploid genomes were reported from many regions, but those with either small or large genomes occurred in fewer regions. By contrast, large holoploid genome sizes (DNA content of the unreplicated gametic nucleus) constrained naturalization but favoured invasion. We suggest that a small genome is an advantage during naturalization, being linked to traits favouring adaptation to local conditions, but for invasive spread, traits associated with a large holoploid genome, where the impact of polyploidy may act, facilitate long-distance dispersal and competition with other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Department of Evolutionary Biology of Plants, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Wien, 1030, Austria
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- University of Rhode Island, Natural Resources Science, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, 02881, RI, USA
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Constance, D-78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Goldschmidtstraße 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Research Centre for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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9
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Salgado AL, Glassmire AE, Sedio BE, Diaz R, Stout MJ, Čuda J, Pyšek P, Meyerson LA, Cronin JT. Metabolomic Evenness Underlies Intraspecific Differences Among Lineages of a Wetland Grass. J Chem Ecol 2023; 49:437-450. [PMID: 37099216 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-023-01425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome represents an important functional trait likely important to plant invasion success, but we have a limited understanding of whether the entire metabolome or targeted groups of compounds confer an advantage to invasive as compared to native taxa. We conducted a lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of the cosmopolitan wetland grass Phragmites australis. We classified features into metabolic pathways, subclasses, and classes. Subsequently, we used Random Forests to identify informative features to differentiate five phylogeographic and ecologically distinct lineages: European native, North American invasive, North American native, Gulf, and Delta. We found that lineages had unique phytochemical fingerprints, although there was overlap between the North American invasive and North American native lineages. Furthermore, we found that divergence in phytochemical diversity was driven by compound evenness rather than metabolite richness. Interestingly, the North American invasive lineage had greater chemical evenness than the Delta and Gulf lineages but lower evenness than the North American native lineage. Our results suggest that metabolomic evenness may represent a critical functional trait within a plant species. Its role in invasion success, resistance to herbivory, and large-scale die-off events common to this and other plant species remain to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Salgado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Andrea E Glassmire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Brian E Sedio
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, Apartado, 0843-03092, Republic of Panama
| | - Rodrigo Diaz
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Michael J Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jan Čuda
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, CZ -128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Laura A Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Life Sciences Building, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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10
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Cai L, Kreft H, Taylor A, Schrader J, Dawson W, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Winter M, Weigelt P. Climatic stability and geological history shape global centers of neo- and paleoendemism in seed plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2300981120. [PMID: 37459510 PMCID: PMC10372566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2300981120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the distribution of geographically restricted and evolutionarily unique species and their underlying drivers is key to understanding biogeographical processes and critical for global conservation prioritization. Here, we quantified the geographic distribution and drivers of phylogenetic endemism for ~320,000 seed plants worldwide and identified centers and drivers of evolutionarily young (neoendemism) and evolutionarily old endemism (paleoendemism). Tropical and subtropical islands as well as tropical mountain regions displayed the world's highest phylogenetic endemism. Most tropical rainforest regions emerged as centers of paleoendemism, while most Mediterranean-climate regions showed high neoendemism. Centers where high neo- and paleoendemism coincide emerged on some oceanic and continental fragment islands, in Mediterranean-climate regions and parts of the Irano-Turanian floristic region. Global variation in phylogenetic endemism was well explained by a combination of past and present environmental factors (79.8 to 87.7% of variance explained) and most strongly related to environmental heterogeneity. Also, warm and wet climates, geographic isolation, and long-term climatic stability emerged as key drivers of phylogenetic endemism. Neo- and paleoendemism were jointly explained by climatic and geological history. Long-term climatic stability promoted the persistence of paleoendemics, while the isolation of oceanic islands and their unique geological histories promoted neoendemism. Mountainous regions promoted both neo- and paleoendemism, reflecting both diversification and persistence over time. Our study provides insights into the evolutionary underpinnings of biogeographical patterns in seed plants and identifies the areas on Earth with the highest evolutionary and biogeographical uniqueness-key information for setting global conservation priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW2109, Australia
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, DurhamDH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Bioinvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, University Vienna, Vienna1030, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz78464, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou318000, China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen37077, Germany
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11
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Romero-Blanco A, Castro-Díez P, Lázaro-Lobo A, Molina-Venegas R, Cruces P, Pyšek P. Searching for predictors of the variability of impacts caused by non-native trees on regulating ecosystem services worldwide. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162961. [PMID: 36958556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Humans have introduced non-native trees (NNT) all over the world to take advantage of the plethora of benefits they provide. However, depending on the context, NNT may present a diverse range of effects on ecosystem services (ES), from benefits to drawbacks, which may hinder the development of policies for these species. Unfortunately, the attempts so far to understand the impacts of NNT on ES only explained a low proportion of their variation. Here we analyze the variation in impacts of NNT on regulating ecosystem services (RES) by using a global database, which covers the effect size of multiple NNT species on six RES (climate regulation, soil erosion regulation, soil fertility, soil formation, hydrological cycle regulation, and fire protection). We used a wide range of predictors to account for the context-dependency of impacts distributed in five groups: the RES type, functional traits of both the NNT and the dominant NT of the recipient ecosystem, phylogenetic and functional distances between NNT and NT, climatic context, and human population characteristics. Using boosted regression trees and regression trees, we found that the most influential predictors of NNT impacts on RES were annual mean temperatures and precipitation seasonality, followed by the type of RES, human population density, and NNT height. In regions with warm temperatures and low seasonality, NNT tended to increase RES. NNT impacts were greater in densely populated regions. Smaller NNT exerted greater positive impacts on climate regulation and soil erosion regulation in tropical regions than in other climates. We highlight that benign climates and high population density exacerbate the effects of NNT on RES, and that soil fertility is the most consistently affected RES. Knowledge of the factors that modulate NNT impacts can help to predict their potential effects on RES in different parts of the world and at various environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romero-Blanco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Castro-Díez
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Lázaro-Lobo
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Molina-Venegas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Global Change Ecology and Evolution Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cruces
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Department of Life Sciences, Unidad de Ecología, Biological Invasions Research Group, Plaza de San Diego S/N, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Abstract
Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because of their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand and predict the success of non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, and theories have been advanced to conceptualize the interactions of multiple drivers and context dependence of invasion success with the aim of achieving robust explanations with predictive power. We review these efforts from a community-level perspective rather than a biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, and explore the roles of intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well as the effects of biotic and abiotic conditions in mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) and ecological and evolutionary processes. We also consider the fundamental influences of human-induced changes at scales ranging from local to global in triggering, promoting, and sustaining plant invasions and discuss how these changes could alter future invasion trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Gioria
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; ,
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand;
| | - David M Richardson
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; ,
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa;
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic; ,
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Kortz AR, Moyes F, Pivello VR, Pyšek P, Dornelas M, Visconti P, Magurran AE. Elevated compositional change in plant assemblages linked to invasion. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20222450. [PMID: 37161334 PMCID: PMC10170211 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alien species are widely linked to biodiversity change, but the extent to which they are associated with the reshaping of ecological communities is not well understood. One possible mechanism is that assemblages where alien species are found exhibit elevated temporal turnover. To test this, we identified assemblages of vascular plants in the BioTIME database for those assemblages in which alien species are either present or absent and used the Jaccard measure to compute compositional dissimilarity between consecutive censuses. We found that, although alien species are typically rare in invaded assemblages, their presence is associated with an increase in the average rate of compositional change. These differences in compositional change between invaded and uninvaded assemblages are not linked to differences in species richness but rather to species replacement (turnover). Rapid compositional restructuring of assemblages is a major contributor to biodiversity change, and as such, our results suggest a role for alien species in bringing this about.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra R. Kortz
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg 2361, Austria
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
- LEPaC, Ecology Department—IB, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Vânia R. Pivello
- LEPaC, Ecology Department—IB, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, Travessa 14, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Piero Visconti
- Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program, Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Anne E. Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK
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14
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Liu D, Semenchuk P, Essl F, Lenzner B, Moser D, Blackburn TM, Cassey P, Biancolini D, Capinha C, Dawson W, Dyer EE, Guénard B, Economo EP, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Nentwig W, Rondinini C, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Purvis A, Dullinger S. The impact of land use on non-native species incidence and number in local assemblages worldwide. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2090. [PMID: 37045818 PMCID: PMC10097616 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While the regional distribution of non-native species is increasingly well documented for some taxa, global analyses of non-native species in local assemblages are still missing. Here, we use a worldwide collection of assemblages from five taxa - ants, birds, mammals, spiders and vascular plants - to assess whether the incidence, frequency and proportions of naturalised non-native species depend on type and intensity of land use. In plants, assemblages of primary vegetation are least invaded. In the other taxa, primary vegetation is among the least invaded land-use types, but one or several other types have equally low levels of occurrence, frequency and proportions of non-native species. High land use intensity is associated with higher non-native incidence and frequency in primary vegetation, while intensity effects are inconsistent for other land-use types. These findings highlight the potential dual role of unused primary vegetation in preserving native biodiversity and in conferring resistance against biological invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijun Liu
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philipp Semenchuk
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Arctic Biology, UNIS-The University Centre in Svalbard, 9171, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Moser
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Phillip Cassey
- Invasion Science and Wildlife Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Dino Biancolini
- Global Mammal Assessment programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy - Institute for Bioeconomy (CNR-IBE), Via dei Taurini 19, Rome, Italy
| | - César Capinha
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado TERRA, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ellie E Dyer
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution, and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benoit Guénard
- Insect Biodiversity and Biogeography Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Rd, Lung Fu Shan, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Evan P Economo
- Biodiversity and Biocomplexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Wolfgang Nentwig
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment programme, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 1, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Cai L, Kreft H, Taylor A, Denelle P, Schrader J, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Stein A, Winter M, Barcelona JF, Fuentes N, Karger DN, Kartesz J, Kuprijanov A, Nishino M, Nickrent D, Nowak A, Patzelt A, Pelser PB, Singh P, Wieringa JJ, Weigelt P. Global models and predictions of plant diversity based on advanced machine learning techniques. New Phytol 2023; 237:1432-1445. [PMID: 36375492 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the paramount role of plant diversity for ecosystem functioning, biogeochemical cycles, and human welfare, knowledge of its global distribution is still incomplete, hampering basic research and biodiversity conservation. Here, we used machine learning (random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and neural networks) and conventional statistical methods (generalized linear models and generalized additive models) to test environment-related hypotheses of broad-scale vascular plant diversity gradients and to model and predict species richness and phylogenetic richness worldwide. To this end, we used 830 regional plant inventories including c. 300 000 species and predictors of past and present environmental conditions. Machine learning showed a superior performance, explaining up to 80.9% of species richness and 83.3% of phylogenetic richness, illustrating the great potential of such techniques for disentangling complex and interacting associations between the environment and plant diversity. Current climate and environmental heterogeneity emerged as the primary drivers, while past environmental conditions left only small but detectable imprints on plant diversity. Finally, we combined predictions from multiple modeling techniques (ensemble predictions) to reveal global patterns and centers of plant diversity at multiple resolutions down to 7774 km2 . Our predictive maps provide accurate estimates of global plant diversity available at grain sizes relevant for conservation and macroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Cai
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amanda Taylor
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre Denelle
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schrader
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, 2109, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, 318000, Taizhou, China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anke Stein
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julie F Barcelona
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dirk Nikolaus Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | | | - Misako Nishino
- Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Daniel Nickrent
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-728, Olsztyn, Poland
- PAS Botanical Garden, 02-973, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Annette Patzelt
- Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, University of Applied Sciences, Vegetation Ecology, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Pieter B Pelser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8140, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Jan J Wieringa
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Novoa A, Canavan S, Jarić I, Pipek P, Pyšek P. Musk's Twitter takeover jeopardizes culturomics. Nature 2022; 612:211. [PMID: 36473967 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-04361-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Lenzner B, Latombe G, Schertler A, Seebens H, Yang Q, Winter M, Weigelt P, van Kleunen M, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Kreft H, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Essl F. Naturalized alien floras still carry the legacy of European colonialism. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1723-1732. [PMID: 36253544 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The redistribution of alien species across the globe accelerated with the start of European colonialism. European powers were responsible for the deliberate and accidental transportation, introduction and establishment of alien species throughout their occupied territories and the metropolitan state. Here, we show that these activities left a lasting imprint on the global distribution of alien plants. Specifically, we investigated how four European empires (British, Spanish, Portuguese and Dutch) structured current alien floras worldwide. We found that compositional similarity is higher than expected among regions that once were occupied by the same empire. Further, we provide strong evidence that floristic similarity between regions occupied by the same empire increases with the time a region was occupied. Network analysis suggests that historically more economically or strategically important regions have more similar alien floras across regions occupied by an empire. Overall, we find that European colonial history is still detectable in alien floras worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lenzner
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Guillaume Latombe
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anna Schertler
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Biodiversity Dynamics & Conservation, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Delabye S, Gaona FP, Potocký P, Foxcroft LC, Halamová P, Hejda M, MacFadyen S, Pyšková K, Sedláček O, Staňková M, Storch D, Pyšek P, Tropek R. Thirteen moth species (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Noctuidae) newly recorded in South Africa, with comments on their distribution. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e89729. [PMID: 36761554 PMCID: PMC9848558 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e89729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thanks to the high diversity of ecosystems and habitats, South Africa harbours tremendous diversity of insects. The Kruger National Park, due to its position close to the border between two biogeographic regions and high heterogeneity of environmental conditions, represents an insufficiently studied hotspot of lepidopteran diversity. During our ecological research in the Kruger National Park, we collected abundant moth material, including several interesting faunistic records reported in this study. New information We reported 13 species of moths which had not yet been recorded in South Africa. In many cases, our records represented an important extension of the species' known distribution, including two species (Ozarbagaedei and O.persinua) whose distribution ranges extended into the Zambezian biogeographic region. Such findings confirmed the poor regional knowledge of lepidopteran diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Delabye
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Fernando P Gaona
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Potocký
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
| | - Llewellyn C Foxcroft
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South AfricaScientific Services, South African National ParksSkukuzaSouth Africa,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South AfricaCentre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Pavla Halamová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hejda
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South AfricaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Sedláček
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Staňková
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicCenter for Theoretical Study, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Pruhonice, Czech RepublicCzech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion EcologyPruhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic,Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech RepublicInstitute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of SciencesCeske BudejoviceCzech Republic
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19
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Vimercati G, Probert AF, Volery L, Bernardo-Madrid R, Bertolino S, Céspedes V, Essl F, Evans T, Gallardo B, Gallien L, González-Moreno P, Grange MC, Hui C, Jeschke JM, Katsanevakis S, Kühn I, Kumschick S, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Rieseberg L, Robinson TB, Saul WC, Sorte CJB, Vilà M, Wilson JRU, Bacher S. The EICAT+ framework enables classification of positive impacts of alien taxa on native biodiversity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001729. [PMID: 35972940 PMCID: PMC9380921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Species introduced through human-related activities beyond their native range, termed alien species, have various impacts worldwide. The IUCN Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) is a global standard to assess negative impacts of alien species on native biodiversity. Alien species can also positively affect biodiversity (for instance, through food and habitat provisioning or dispersal facilitation) but there is currently no standardized and evidence-based system to classify positive impacts. We fill this gap by proposing EICAT+, which uses 5 semiquantitative scenarios to categorize the magnitude of positive impacts, and describes underlying mechanisms. EICAT+ can be applied to all alien taxa at different spatial and organizational scales. The application of EICAT+ expands our understanding of the consequences of biological invasions and can inform conservation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vimercati
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna F. Probert
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lara Volery
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ruben Bernardo-Madrid
- Department of Integrated Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Vanessa Céspedes
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Evans
- Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laure Gallien
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Cang Hui
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Biodiversity Informatics Unit, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kumschick
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Loren Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tamara B. Robinson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wolf-Christian Saul
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cascade J. B. Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Department of Integrated Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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20
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Omer A, Fristoe T, Yang Q, Razanajatovo M, Weigelt P, Kreft H, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Essl F, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M. The role of phylogenetic relatedness on alien plant success depends on the stage of invasion. Nat Plants 2022; 8:906-914. [PMID: 35953709 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Darwin's naturalization hypothesis predicts successful alien invaders to be distantly related to native species, whereas his pre-adaptation hypothesis predicts the opposite. It has been suggested that depending on the invasion stage (that is, introduction, naturalization and invasiveness), both hypotheses, now known as Darwin's naturalization conundrum, could hold true. We tested this by analysing whether the likelihood of introduction for cultivation, as well as the subsequent stages of naturalization and spread (that is, becoming invasive) of species alien to Southern Africa are correlated with their phylogenetic distance to the native flora of this region. Although species are more likely to be introduced for cultivation if they are distantly related to the native flora, the probability of subsequent naturalization was higher for species closely related to the native flora. Furthermore, the probability of becoming invasive was higher for naturalized species distantly related to the native flora. These results were consistent across three different metrics of phylogenetic distance. Our study reveals that the relationship between phylogenetic distance to the native flora and the success of an alien species changes from one invasion stage to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Omer
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
- Department of Forest Management, University of Khartoum, North Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Trevor Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mialy Razanajatovo
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology (320a), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Division of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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21
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Guo K, Pyšek P, Chytrý M, Divíšek J, Lososová Z, van Kleunen M, Pierce S, Guo W. Ruderals naturalize, competitors invade: varying roles of plant adaptive strategies along the invasion continuum. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University, Viničná 7 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Divíšek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Lososová
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou P. R. China
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10 Konstanz Germany
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA) University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2 Milan Italy
| | - Wen‐Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station & Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai P. R. China
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22
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Moravcová L, Carta A, Pyšek P, Skálová H, Gioria M. Long-term seed burial reveals differences in the seed-banking strategies of naturalized and invasive alien herbs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8859. [PMID: 35614334 PMCID: PMC9132925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil seed viability and germinability dynamics can have a major influence on the establishment and spread of plants introduced beyond their native distribution range. Yet, we lack information on how temporal variability in these traits could affect the invasion process. To address this issue, we conducted an 8-year seed burial experiment examining seed viability and germinability dynamics for 21 invasive and 38 naturalized herbs in the Czech Republic. Seeds of most naturalized and invasive species persisted in the soil for several years. However, naturalized herbs exhibited greater seed longevity, on average, than invasive ones. Phylogenetic logistic models showed that seed viability (but not germinability) dynamics were significantly related to the invasion status of the study species. Seed viability declined earlier and more sharply in invasive species, and the probability of finding viable seeds of invasive species by the end of the experiment was low. Our findings suggest that invasive herbs might take advantage of high seed viability in the years immediately after dispersal, while naturalized species benefit from extended seed viability over time. These differences, however, are not sufficiently strong to explain the invasiveness of the species examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Moravcová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Angelino Carta
- Botany Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Skálová
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Margherita Gioria
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
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23
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Hancock SC, Essl F, Kraak M, Dawson W, Kreft H, Pyšek P, Pergl J, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Gartner G, Lenzner B. Introducing the Combined Atlas Framework for large‐scale web‐based data visualization – The
GloNAF
Atlas of Plant Invasion. Methods Ecol Evol 2022; 13:1073-1081. [PMID: 35909503 PMCID: PMC9305529 DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Large‐scale biodiversity data, for example, on species distribution and richness information, are being mobilized and becoming available at an increasing rate. Interactive web applications like atlases have been developed to visualize available datasets and make them accessible to a wider audience. Web mapping tools are changing rapidly, and different underlying concepts have been developed to visualize datasets at a high cartographic standard. Here, we introduce the Combined Atlas Framework for the development of interactive web atlases for ecological data visualization. We combine two existing approaches: the five stages of the user‐centred design approach for web mapping applications and the three U approach for interface success. Subsequently, we illustrate the use of this framework by developing the Atlas of Plant Invasions based on the Global Naturalized Alien Flora (GloNAF) database. This case study illustrates how the newly developed Combined Atlas Framework with a user‐centred design philosophy can generate measurable success through communication with the target user group, iterative prototyping and competitive analysis of other existing web mapping approaches. The framework is useful in creating an atlas that employs user feedback to determine usability and utility features within an interactive atlas system. Finally, this framework will enable a better‐informed development process of future visualization and dissemination of biodiversity data through web mapping applications and interactive atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C. Hancock
- Research Division Cartography, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Rennweg 14 Vienna Austria
| | - Menno‐Jan Kraak
- Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation University of Twente 7522NB Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham United Kingdom
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Campus‐Institut Data Science, 37073 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Georg Gartner
- Research Division Cartography, Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University Vienna Rennweg 14 Vienna Austria
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24
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Hejda M, Čuda J, Pyšková K, Zambatis G, Foxcroft LC, MacFadyen S, Storch D, Tropek R, Pyšek P. Water availability, bedrock, disturbance by herbivores, and climate determine plant diversity in South-African savanna. Sci Rep 2022; 12:338. [PMID: 35013353 PMCID: PMC8748544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify factors that drive plant species richness in South-African savanna and explore their relative importance, we sampled plant communities across habitats differing in water availability, disturbance, and bedrock, using the Kruger National Park as a model system. We made plant inventories in 60 plots of 50 × 50 m, located in three distinct habitats: (i) at perennial rivers, (ii) at seasonal rivers with water available only during the rainy season, and (iii) on crests, at least ~ 5 km away from any water source. We predicted that large herbivores would utilise seasonal rivers' habitats less intensely than those along perennial rivers where water is available throughout the year, including dry periods. Plots on granite harboured more herbaceous and shrub species than plots on basalt. The dry crests were poorer in herb species than both seasonal and perennial rivers. Seasonal rivers harboured the highest numbers of shrub species, in accordance with the prediction of the highest species richness at relatively low levels of disturbance and low stress from the lack of water. The crests, exposed to relatively low pressure from grazing but stressed by the lack of water, are important from the conservation perspective because they harbour typical, sometimes rare savanna species, and so are seasonal rivers whose shrub richness is stimulated and maintained by the combination of moderate disturbance imposed by herbivores and position in the middle of the water availability gradient. To capture the complexity of determinants of species richness in KNP, we complemented the analysis of the above local factors by exploring large-scale factors related to climate, vegetation productivity, the character of dominant vegetation, and landscape features. The strongest factor was temperature; areas with the highest temperatures reveal lower species richness. Our results also suggest that Colophospermum mopane, a dominant woody species in the north of KNP is not the ultimate cause of the lower plant diversity in this part of the park.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Čuda
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Pyšková
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Guin Zambatis
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C Foxcroft
- Scientific Services, South African National Parks, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350, South Africa.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sandra MacFadyen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - David Storch
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.,Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Tropek
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic. .,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic.
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25
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Yang Q, Weigelt P, Fristoe TS, Zhang Z, Kreft H, Stein A, Seebens H, Dawson W, Essl F, König C, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Pouteau R, Pyšek P, Winter M, Ebel AL, Fuentes N, Giehl ELH, Kartesz J, Krestov P, Kukk T, Nishino M, Kupriyanov A, Villaseñor JL, Wieringa JJ, Zeddam A, Zykova E, van Kleunen M. The global loss of floristic uniqueness. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7290. [PMID: 34911960 PMCID: PMC8674287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans have altered biogeography by introducing species to new ranges. However, an analysis of how strongly naturalized plant species (i.e. alien plants that have established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such an analysis with data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions around the world. We find strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall, and that the natural decline in floristic similarity with increasing geographic distance is weakened by naturalized species. Floristic homogenization increases with climatic similarity, which emphasizes the importance of climate matching in plant naturalization. Moreover, floristic homogenization is greater between regions with current or past administrative relationships, indicating that being part of the same country as well as historical colonial ties facilitate floristic exchange, most likely due to more intensive trade and transport between such regions. Our findings show that naturalization of alien plants threatens taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally. Unless more effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it is likely that with ongoing globalization, even the most distant regions will lose their floristic uniqueness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,Campus-Institut Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Trevor S. Fristoe
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Stein
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- grid.507705.0Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- grid.8250.f0000 0000 8700 0572Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian König
- grid.11348.3f0000 0001 0942 1117Ecology and Macroecology group, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- grid.10420.370000 0001 2286 1424Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Pouteau
- grid.4399.70000000122879528AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Pyšek
- grid.424923.a0000 0001 2035 1455Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- grid.421064.50000 0004 7470 3956German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aleksandr L. Ebel
- grid.77602.340000 0001 1088 3909Department of Botany, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia ,grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nicol Fuentes
- grid.5380.e0000 0001 2298 9663Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Eduardo L. H. Giehl
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - John Kartesz
- Biota of North America Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Pavel Krestov
- grid.417808.20000 0001 1393 1398Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Toomas Kukk
- grid.16697.3f0000 0001 0671 1127Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Andrey Kupriyanov
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Institute of Human Ecology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Jose Luis Villaseñor
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan J. Wieringa
- grid.425948.60000 0001 2159 802XNaturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abida Zeddam
- Ingenieur en Ecologie vegetale, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elena Zykova
- grid.415877.80000 0001 2254 1834Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany ,grid.440657.40000 0004 1762 5832Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
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26
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Pouteau R, Brunel C, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Meyer C, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Winter M, Kleunen M. Environmental and socioeconomic correlates of extinction risk in endemic species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pouteau
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
- AMAP IRD CNRS CIRAD INRA Univ Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Caroline Brunel
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Carsten Meyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
- Campus‐Institut Data Science Göttingen Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Mark Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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27
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Novoa A, Foxcroft LC, Keet JH, Pyšek P, Le Roux JJ. The invasive cactus Opuntia stricta creates fertility islands in African savannas and benefits from those created by native trees. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20748. [PMID: 34675315 PMCID: PMC8531129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99857-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The patchy distribution of trees typical of savannas often results in a discontinuous distribution of water, nutrient resources, and microbial communities in soil, commonly referred to as "islands of fertility". We assessed how this phenomenon may affect the establishment and impact of invasive plants, using the invasion of Opuntia stricta in South Africa's Kruger National Park as case study. We established uninvaded and O. stricta-invaded plots under the most common woody tree species in the study area (Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and Spirostachys africana) and in open patches with no tree cover. We then compared soil characteristics, diversity and composition of the soil bacterial communities, and germination performance of O. stricta and native trees between soils collected in each of the established plots. We found that the presence of native trees and invasive O. stricta increases soil water content and nutrients, and the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities, and alters soil bacterial composition. Moreover, the percentage and speed of germination of O. stricta were higher in soils conditioned by native trees compared to soils collected from open patches. Finally, while S. africana and V. nilotica trees appear to germinate equally well in invaded and uninvaded soils, O. stricta had lower and slower germination in invaded soils, suggesting the potential release of phytochemicals by O. stricta to avoid intraspecific competition. These results suggest that the presence of any tree or shrub in savanna ecosystems, regardless of origin (i.e. native or alien), can create favourable conditions for the establishment and growth of other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Novoa
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.452736.10000 0001 2166 5237Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Claremont, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.463628.d0000 0000 9533 5073Scientific Services, South African National Parks, P/Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350 South Africa
| | - Jan-Hendrik Keet
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Petr Pyšek
- grid.418095.10000 0001 1015 3316Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.11956.3a0000 0001 2214 904XDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109 Australia
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28
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Novoa A, Moodley D, Catford JA, Golivets M, Bufford J, Essl F, Lenzner B, Pattison Z, Pyšek P. Global costs of plant invasions must not be underestimated. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.69.74121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Rahmanian S, Ejtehadi H, Farzam M, Hejda M, Memariani F, Pyšek P. Does the intensive grazing and aridity change the relations between the dominant shrub Artemisia kopetdaghensis and plants under its canopies? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14115-14124. [PMID: 34707844 PMCID: PMC8525166 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interspecific plant interactions along grazing and aridity stress gradients represent a major research issue in plant ecology. However, the combined effects of these two factors on plant-plant interactions have been poorly studied in the northeast of Iran. To fill this knowledge gap, 144 plots were established in 12 study sites with different grazing intensities (high vs. low) and climatic characteristics (arid vs. semiarid) in northeastern Iran. A dominant shrub, Artemisia kopetdaghensis, was selected as the model species. Further, we studied changes in plant life strategies along the combined grazing and aridity stress gradients. In this study, we used relative interaction indices calculated for species richness, Shannon diversity, and species cover to determine plant-plant interactions using linear mixed-effect models (LMM). The indicator species analysis was used to identify the indicator species for the undercanopy of shrub and for the adjacent open areas. The combined effects of grazing and aridity affected the plant-plant interactions and plant life strategies (CSR) of indicator species. A. kopetdaghensis showed the highest facilitation effect under high stress conditions (high grazing, high aridity), which turned into competition under the low stress conditions (low grazing, low aridity). In the arid region, the canopy of the shrub protected ruderals, annual forbs, and grasses in both high and low grazing intensities. In the semiarid region and high grazing intensity (low aridity/high grazing), the shrubs protected mostly perennial forbs with C-strategy. Our findings highlight the importance of context-dependent shrub management to restore the vegetation damaged by the intensive grazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroor Rahmanian
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hamid Ejtehadi
- Department of BiologyFaculty of SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Mohammad Farzam
- Department of Range and Watershed ManagementFaculty of Natural Resources and EnvironmentFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Martin Hejda
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Farshid Memariani
- Department of BotanyResearch Center for Plant SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
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30
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Delavaux CS, Weigelt P, Dawson W, Essl F, van Kleunen M, König C, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Stein A, Winter M, Taylor A, Schultz PA, Whittaker RJ, Kreft H, Bever JD. Mycorrhizal types influence island biogeography of plants. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1128. [PMID: 34561537 PMCID: PMC8463580 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02649-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant colonization of islands may be limited by the availability of symbionts, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which have limited dispersal ability compared to ectomycorrhizal and ericoid (EEM) as well as orchid mycorrhizal (ORC) fungi. We tested for such differential island colonization within contemporary angiosperm floras worldwide. We found evidence that AM plants experience a stronger mycorrhizal filter than other mycorrhizal or non-mycorrhizal (NM) plant species, with decreased proportions of native AM plant species on islands relative to mainlands. This effect intensified with island isolation, particularly for non-endemic plant species. The proportion of endemic AM plant species increased with island isolation, consistent with diversification filling niches left open by the mycorrhizal filter. We further found evidence of humans overcoming the initial mycorrhizal filter. Naturalized floras showed higher proportions of AM plant species than native floras, a pattern that increased with increasing isolation and land-use intensity. This work provides evidence that mycorrhizal fungal symbionts shape plant colonization of islands and subsequent diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Anke Stein
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Essl F, Pyšek P, Richardson DM. Neonatives and translocated species: different terms are needed for different species categories in conservation policies. NB 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.68.72849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is no abstract for commentaries
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32
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Gioria M, Carta A, Baskin CC, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Pergl J, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Winter M, Pyšek P. Persistent soil seed banks promote naturalisation and invasiveness in flowering plants. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1655-1667. [PMID: 34031959 PMCID: PMC8361993 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With globalisation facilitating the movement of plants and seeds beyond the native range, preventing potentially harmful introductions requires knowledge of what drives the successful establishment and spread of alien plants. Here, we examined global-scale relationships between naturalisation success (incidence and extent) and invasiveness, soil seed bank properties (type and densities) and key species traits (seed mass, seed dormancy and life form) for 2350 species of angiosperms. Naturalisation and invasiveness were strongly associated with the ability to form persistent (vs. transient) seed banks but relatively weakly with seed bank densities and other traits. Our findings suggest that seed bank persistence is a trait that better captures the ability to become naturalised and invasive compared to seed traits more widely available in trait databases. Knowledge of seed persistence can contribute to our ability to predict global naturalisation and invasiveness and to identify potentially invasive flowering plants before they are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Gioria
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Angelino Carta
- Department of Biology, Botany UnitUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - Carol C. Baskin
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversityDurhamUK
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasionsGlobal Change, Macroecology‐GroupUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany and ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhouChina
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research‐iDiv, Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
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Pouteau R, Biurrun I, Brunel C, Chytrý M, Dawson W, Essl F, Fristoe T, Haveman R, Hobohm C, Jansen F, Kreft H, Lenoir J, Lenzner B, Meyer C, Moeslund JE, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Svenning J, Thuiller W, Weigelt P, Wohlgemuth T, Yang Q, van Kleunen M. Potential alien ranges of European plants will shrink in the future, but less so for already naturalized than for not yet naturalized species. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Pouteau
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
- AMAP, Univ. Montpellier IRD CIRAD CNRS INRAMontpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Idoia Biurrun
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Bilbao Spain
| | - Caroline Brunel
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
- IRDIPME Montpellier France
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Trevor Fristoe
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Rense Haveman
- Central Government Real Estate Agency of the Dutch Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, Exterior Space Nature Department Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Hobohm
- Ecology and Environmental Education Working Group University of Flensburg (EUF) Flensburg Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Göttingen Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSAN UMR 7058 CNRS) Université de Picardie Jules Verne Amiens Cedex 1 France
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology Group Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Carsten Meyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
- Institute for Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Wilfried Thuiller
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA Grenoble France
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
- Ecology Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
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Wohlwend MR, Craven D, Weigelt P, Seebens H, Winter M, Kreft H, Dawson W, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Space J, Thomas P, Knight T. Data Descriptor: Pacific Introduced Flora (PaciFLora). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e67318. [PMID: 34385884 PMCID: PMC8316249 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e67318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pacific Region has the highest density of naturalised plant species worldwide, which makes it an important area for research on the ecology, evolution and biogeography of biological invasions. While different data sources on naturalised plant species exist for the Pacific, there is no taxonomically and spatially harmonised database available for different subsets of species and islands. A comprehensive, accessible database containing the distribution of naturalised vascular plant species in the Pacific will enable new basic and applied research for researchers and will be an important information source for practitioners working in the Region. New information Here, we present PacIFlora, an updated and taxonomically standardised list of naturalised species, their unified nativeness, cultivation and invasive status and their distribution across the Pacific Ocean, including harmonised location denoination. This list is based on the two largest databases on naturalised plants for the Region, specifically the Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) and the Global Naturalised Alien Flora (GloNAF) databases. We provide an outlook for how this database can contribute to numerous research questions and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rudolf Wohlwend
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom Durham University Durham United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University Vienna Vienna Austria.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, Czech Republic Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Průhonice, Czech Republic Institute of Botany Průhonice Czech Republic.,Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Pruhonice, Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Pruhonice Czech Republic
| | - James Space
- Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service (ret.), Sun Lakes, United States of America Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service (ret.) Sun Lakes United States of America
| | - Philip Thomas
- Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project, Carrboro, United States of America Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project Carrboro United States of America
| | - Tiffany Knight
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Leipzig, Germany Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Leipzig Germany
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Fristoe TS, Chytrý M, Dawson W, Essl F, Heleno R, Kreft H, Maurel N, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Seebens H, Weigelt P, Vargas P, Yang Q, Attorre F, Bergmeier E, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Biurrun I, Boch S, Bonari G, Botta-Dukát Z, Bruun HH, Byun C, Čarni A, Carranza ML, Catford JA, Cerabolini BEL, Chacón-Madrigal E, Ciccarelli D, Ćušterevska R, de Ronde I, Dengler J, Golub V, Haveman R, Hough-Snee N, Jandt U, Jansen F, Kuzemko A, Küzmič F, Lenoir J, Macanović A, Marcenò C, Martin AR, Michaletz ST, Mori AS, Niinemets Ü, Peterka T, Pielech R, Rašomavičius V, Rūsiņa S, Dias AS, Šibíková M, Šilc U, Stanisci A, Jansen S, Svenning JC, Swacha G, van der Plas F, Vassilev K, van Kleunen M. Dimensions of invasiveness: Links between local abundance, geographic range size, and habitat breadth in Europe's alien and native floras. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2021173118. [PMID: 34050023 PMCID: PMC8179145 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021173118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding drivers of success for alien species can inform on potential future invasions. Recent conceptual advances highlight that species may achieve invasiveness via performance along at least three distinct dimensions: 1) local abundance, 2) geographic range size, and 3) habitat breadth in naturalized distributions. Associations among these dimensions and the factors that determine success in each have yet to be assessed at large geographic scales. Here, we combine data from over one million vegetation plots covering the extent of Europe and its habitat diversity with databases on species' distributions, traits, and historical origins to provide a comprehensive assessment of invasiveness dimensions for the European alien seed plant flora. Invasiveness dimensions are linked in alien distributions, leading to a continuum from overall poor invaders to super invaders-abundant, widespread aliens that invade diverse habitats. This pattern echoes relationships among analogous dimensions measured for native European species. Success along invasiveness dimensions was associated with details of alien species' introduction histories: earlier introduction dates were positively associated with all three dimensions, and consistent with theory-based expectations, species originating from other continents, particularly acquisitive growth strategists, were among the most successful invaders in Europe. Despite general correlations among invasiveness dimensions, we identified habitats and traits associated with atypical patterns of success in only one or two dimensions-for example, the role of disturbed habitats in facilitating widespread specialists. We conclude that considering invasiveness within a multidimensional framework can provide insights into invasion processes while also informing general understanding of the dynamics of species distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Fristoe
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany;
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- Bioinvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-research group, Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruben Heleno
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noëlie Maurel
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28014 Madrid, Spain
| | - Qiang Yang
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Fabio Attorre
- Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Erwin Bergmeier
- Vegetation Analysis & Phytodiversity, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Idoia Biurrun
- Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Steffen Boch
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Gianmaria Bonari
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Zoltán Botta-Dukát
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Hans Henrik Bruun
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chaeho Byun
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Andraž Čarni
- Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty for Viticulture and Enology, University of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - Jane A Catford
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London WC2B 2BG, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno E L Cerabolini
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, I-21100 Varese, Italy
| | | | | | - Renata Ćušterevska
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje 1000, North Macedonia
| | - Iris de Ronde
- Central Government Real Estate Agency, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Dengler
- Vegetation Ecology, Institue of Natural Resource Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentin Golub
- Laboratory of Phytocenology, Samara Federal Research Scientific Center, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Rense Haveman
- Central Government Real Estate Agency, Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nate Hough-Snee
- Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Wenatchee, WA 98801
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Jansen
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Kuzemko
- M.G. Kjolodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Filip Küzmič
- Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, UMR 7058 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80037 Amiens, France
| | - Armin Macanović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Center for Ecology and Natural Resources-Academician Sulejman Redžić, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Corrado Marcenò
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam R Martin
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sean T Michaletz
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Akira S Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tomáš Peterka
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
- Foundation for Biodiversity Research, 50-231 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Solvita Rūsiņa
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arildo S Dias
- Department of Physical Geography, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mária Šibíková
- Department of Geobotany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Urban Šilc
- Institute of Biology, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Angela Stanisci
- Department of Bioscience and Territory, EnvixLab, University of Molise, 86039 Termoli, Italy
| | - Steven Jansen
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Grzegorz Swacha
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Botanical Garden, University of Wrocław, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiril Vassilev
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
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Sohrabi S, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Foxcroft LC, Gherekhloo J. Quantifying the potential impact of alien plants of Iran using the Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) and Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT). Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractAlien species in urban areas have a large effect on overall species diversity. A suitable metric of flora’s response to environmental change is functional diversity (FD) that refers to the multivariate space of species’ trait compositions, reflecting their ecological niches. We studied how FD changed over 320 years of urbanization in the city of Halle (Saale), Germany. Selected functional traits (related to stress-tolerance, reproduction, competitiveness and phenology) were examined for the difference in FD between native and alien plant species, the latter specifically for archaeophytes, neophytes and invasive species. Functional diversity for each trait was calculated using Rao’s Q index followed by a linear model to test for changes in Rao’s Q over time between the groups. Over the 320 years, overall FD remained constant despite species turnover, but FD significantly increased for neophytes and invasive species compared to native species. Plant height was the only trait showing increase in FD as main effect, while for the other traits examined FD decreased over time. Considering invasive species separately, the majority of traits exhibit a significant increase in FD except for seed mass where it decreased. Finally, FD of multiple functional traits combined decreased over time. This can be due to homogenization of functional trait between native and alien species, as a consequence of habitats becoming more similar and subsequent habitat filtering. Our results demonstrate that during the last three centuries, urbanization influenced plant FD in various ways and may contribute to future uniformity of urban floras and greater invasiveness.
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Jarić I, Bellard C, Correia RA, Courchamp F, Douda K, Essl F, Jeschke JM, Kalinkat G, Kalous L, Lennox RJ, Novoa A, Proulx R, Pyšek P, Soriano-Redondo A, Souza AT, Vardi R, Veríssimo D, Roll U. Invasion Culturomics and iEcology. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:447-451. [PMID: 33749056 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jarić
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovska 1645/31a, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Céline Bellard
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Ricardo A Correia
- Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science (HELICS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, Maceió, AL, 57072-90, Brazil
| | - Franck Courchamp
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Karel Douda
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, FAFNR, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 310, Berlin, 12587, Germany
| | - Lukáš Kalous
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, FAFNR, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6-Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Robert J Lennox
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Nygårdsgaten 112, Bergen, 5008, Norway
| | - Ana Novoa
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
| | - Raphaël Proulx
- Département des Sciences de l'environnement; Chaire de Recherche du Canada en Intégrite Écologique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Soriano-Redondo
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1349-017, Portugal
| | - Allan T Souza
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na Sádkách 702/7, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Reut Vardi
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Diogo Veríssimo
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, U.K
- Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, 34 Broad Street, Oxford, OX1 3BD, U.K
- Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA, 92027, U.S.A
| | - Uri Roll
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede-Boqer Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, 8499000, Israel
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Wohlwend MR, Craven D, Weigelt P, Seebens H, Winter M, Kreft H, Zurell D, Sarmento Cabral J, Essl F, van Kleunen M, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Knight TM. Anthropogenic and environmental drivers shape diversity of naturalized plants across the Pacific. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Wohlwend
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas Universidad Mayor Santiago Chile
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK‐F) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL) University of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Institute for Biochemistry & Biology University Potsdam Potsdam Germany
| | - Juliano Sarmento Cabral
- Center of Computational and Theoretical Biology (CCTB) University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Department for Botany und Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Taizhou University Taizhou China
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Tiffany M. Knight
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Community Ecology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZ Halle (Saale) Germany
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Omer A, Kordofani M, Gibreel HH, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M. The alien flora of Sudan and South Sudan: taxonomic and biogeographical composition. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStudies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.
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Lenzner B, Magallón S, Dawson W, Kreft H, König C, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Weigelt P, van Kleunen M, Winter M, Dullinger S, Essl F. Role of diversification rates and evolutionary history as a driver of plant naturalization success. New Phytol 2021; 229:2998-3008. [PMID: 33078849 PMCID: PMC7894487 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Human introductions of species beyond their natural ranges and their subsequent establishment are defining features of global environmental change. However, naturalized plants are not uniformly distributed across phylogenetic lineages, with some families contributing disproportionately more to the global alien species pool than others. Additionally, lineages differ in diversification rates, and high diversification rates have been associated with characteristics that increase species naturalization success. Here, we investigate the role of diversification rates in explaining the naturalization success of angiosperm plant families. We use five global data sets that include native and alien plant species distribution, horticultural use of plants, and a time-calibrated angiosperm phylogeny. Using phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models, we analysed the effect of diversification rate, different geographical range measures, and horticultural use on the naturalization success of plant families. We show that a family's naturalization success is positively associated with its evolutionary history, native range size, and economic use. Investigating interactive effects of these predictors shows that native range size and geographic distribution additionally affect naturalization success. High diversification rates and large ranges increase naturalization success, especially of temperate families. We suggest this may result from lower ecological specialization in temperate families with large ranges, compared with tropical families with smaller ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Lenzner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 13Vienna1030Austria
| | - Susana Magallón
- Instituto de BiologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCircuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, CoyoacánMexico City04510Mexico
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of BiosciencesDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL)University of GoettingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Christian König
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCZ‐252 43Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of BotanyDepartment of Invasion EcologyCzech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCZ‐252 43Czech Republic
- Department of EcologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityViničná 7PragueCZ‐128 44Czech Republic
- Centre for Invasion BiologyDepartment of Botany & ZoologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland7602South Africa
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of GoettingenBüsgenweg 1Göttingen37077Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- EcologyUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstrasse 10Konstanz78457Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and ConservationTaizhou UniversityTaizhou318000China
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eLeipzig04103Germany
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 13Vienna1030Austria
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity ResearchUniversity of ViennaRennweg 13Vienna1030Austria
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Packer JG, Ganf G, Kueffer C, Facelli JM, Pyšek P. Endemic macrophyte is more plastic than two cosmopolitan species in fluctuating water levels and nutrient-enriched conditions. T ROY SOC SOUTH AUST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03721426.2020.1848981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin G. Packer
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - George Ganf
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cristoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- , Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - José M. Facelli
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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Sánchez-Ortiz K, Taylor KJM, De Palma A, Essl F, Dawson W, Kreft H, Pergl J, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Weigelt P, Purvis A. Effects of land-use change and related pressures on alien and native subsets of island communities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227169. [PMID: 33270641 PMCID: PMC7714193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Island species and habitats are particularly vulnerable to human disturbances, and anthropogenic changes are increasingly overwriting natural island biogeographic patterns. However, quantitative comparisons of how native and alien assemblages respond to human disturbances are scarce. Using data from 6,242 species of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants, from 7,718 sites on 81 islands, we model how land-use change, human population density and distance to the nearest road affect local assemblages of alien and native species on islands. We found that land-use change reduces both richness and abundance of native species, whereas the number and abundance of alien species are high in plantation forests and agricultural or urban sites. In contrast to the long-established pattern for native species (i.e., decline in species number with island isolation), more isolated islands have more alien species across most land uses than do less isolated islands. We show that alien species play a major role in the turnover of island assemblages: our models show that aliens outnumber natives among the species present at disturbed sites but absent from minimally-disturbed primary vegetation. Finally, we found a homogenization pattern for both native and alien assemblages across sites within most land uses. The declines of native species on islands in the face of human pressures, and the particular proneness to invasions of the more remote islands, highlight the need to reduce the intensity of human pressures on islands and to prevent the introduction and establishment of alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Sánchez-Ortiz
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdoms
| | - Kara J. M. Taylor
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Adriana De Palma
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology-Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles Department of Ecology, University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andy Purvis
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdoms
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Cuthbert RN, Bacher S, Blackburn TM, Briski E, Diagne C, Dick JTA, Essl F, Genovesi P, Haubrock PJ, Latombe G, Lenzner B, Meinard Y, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Ricciardi A, Richardson DM, Russell JC, Simberloff D, Courchamp F. Invasion costs, impacts, and human agency: response to Sagoff 2020. Conserv Biol 2020; 34:1579-1582. [PMID: 33216401 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Article impact statement: In an era of profound biodiversity crisis, invasion costs, invader impacts, and human agency should not be dismissed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | - Elizabeta Briski
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - Christophe Diagne
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - Jaimie T A Dick
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, U.K
| | - Franz Essl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group, Rome, Italy
| | - Phillip J Haubrock
- Department of River Ecology and Conservation, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Gelnhausen, 60325, Germany
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany, 389 25, Czech Republic
| | - Guillaume Latombe
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Yves Meinard
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Université Paris-Dauphine, CNRS, UMR [7243], Lamcade, Place Lattre de Tassigny, Paris, 75016, France
| | - Aníbal Pauchard
- Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas (LIB), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-128 44, Czech Republic
| | - Anthony Ricciardi
- Redpath Museum, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C4, Canada
| | - David M Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James C Russell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel Simberloff
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, U.S.A
| | - Franck Courchamp
- CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, 91405, France
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Novoa A, Keet JH, Lechuga-Lago Y, Pyšek P, Roux JJL. Urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion alter the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in coastal areas. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5848193. [PMID: 32463431 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal dunes are ecosystems of high conservation value that are strongly impacted by human disturbances and biological invasions in many parts of the world. Here, we assessed how urbanization and Carpobrotus edulis invasion affect soil bacterial communities on the north-western coast of Spain, by comparing the diversity, structure and composition of soil bacterial communities in invaded and uninvaded soils from urban and natural coastal dune areas. Our results suggest that coastal dune bacterial communities contain large numbers of rare taxa, mainly belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. We found that the presence of the invasive C. edulis increased the diversity of soil bacteria and changed community composition, while urbanization only influenced bacterial community composition. Furthermore, the effects of invasion on community composition were conditional on urbanization. These results were contrary to predictions, as both C. edulis invasion and urbanization have been shown to affect soil abiotic conditions of the studied coastal dunes in a similar manner, and therefore were expected to have similar effects on soil bacterial communities. Our results suggest that other factors (e.g. pollution) might be influencing the impact of urbanization on soil bacterial communities, preventing an increase in the diversity of soil bacteria in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Novoa
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, 7735 Claremont, South Africa
| | - Jan-Hendrik Keet
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Yaiza Lechuga-Lago
- Laboratorio de investigación n21, Ecofisioloxía, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, As Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, 7602 Matieland, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Kutlvašr J, Baroš A, Pyšek P, Pergl J. Changes in assemblages of native and alien plants in perennial plantations: prairie species stabilize the community composition. NB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.63.51109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ornamental plantations are characteristic of a wide range of man-made habitats such as gardens, parks or urban spaces. Nowadays, low-maintenance perennial beds are becoming popular in horticulture and urban planning. Due to low levels of management and good records of initial plantation, perennial beds are suitable for studying vegetation processes such as competition amongst garden ornamentals and succession. We studied perennial flowerbeds in the Czech Republic that had a known initial composition at the time of establishment in 2006–2010 and we compared this with their state in 2016. We aimed to assess (i) how planted ornamental assemblages changed during 10 years of succession, and (ii) whether initial assemblage composition determined the pattern of change. We observed a decrease in biodiversity from initial plantation to the recent state across all flowerbeds in the experimental garden. In terms of diversity and stability, species-rich assemblages, mostly composed of taxa native to prairies, were the most stable. The most successful taxa (i.e. reaching high abundances with good persistence) originated from North American and Mediterranean regions.
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Pyšek P, Bacher S, Kühn I, Novoa A, Catford JA, Hulme PE, Pergl J, Richardson DM, Wilson JRU, Blackburn TM. MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions. NB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.52787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macroecology is the study of patterns, and the processes that determine those patterns, in the distribution and abundance of organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds of kilometres to global), temporal (from decades to centuries), and organismal (numbers of species or higher taxa). In the context of invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example, analyses of the richness, diversity, distribution, and abundance of alien species in regional floras and faunas, spatio-temporal dynamics of alien species across regions, and cross-taxonomic analyses of species traits among comparable native and alien species pools. However, macroecological studies aiming to explain and predict plant and animal naturalisations and invasions, and the resulting impacts, have, to date, rarely considered the joint effects of species traits, environment, and socioeconomic characteristics. To address this, we present the MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA). The MAFIA explains the invasion phenomenon using three interacting classes of factors – alien species traits, location characteristics, and factors related to introduction events – and explicitly maps these interactions onto the invasion sequence from transport to naturalisation to invasion. The framework therefore helps both to identify how anthropogenic effects interact with species traits and environmental characteristics to determine observed patterns in alien distribution, abundance, and richness; and to clarify why neglecting anthropogenic effects can generate spurious conclusions. Event-related factors include propagule pressure, colonisation pressure, and residence time that are important for mediating the outcome of invasion processes. However, because of context dependence, they can bias analyses, for example those that seek to elucidate the role of alien species traits. In the same vein, failure to recognise and explicitly incorporate interactions among the main factors impedes our understanding of which macroecological invasion patterns are shaped by the environment, and of the importance of interactions between the species and their environment. The MAFIA is based largely on insights from studies of plants and birds, but we believe it can be applied to all taxa, and hope that it will stimulate comparative research on other groups and environments. By making the biases in macroecological analyses of biological invasions explicit, the MAFIA offers an opportunity to guide assessments of the context dependence of invasions at broad geographical scales.
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Wilson JRU, Datta A, Hirsch H, Keet JH, Mbobo T, Nkuna KV, Nsikani MM, Pyšek P, Richardson DM, Zengeya TA, Kumschick S. Is invasion science moving towards agreed standards? The influence of selected frameworks. NB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.62.53243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The need to understand and manage biological invasions has driven the development of frameworks to circumscribe, classify, and elucidate aspects of the phenomenon. But how influential have these frameworks really been? To test this, we evaluated the impact of a pathway classification framework, a framework focussing on the introduction-naturalisation-invasion continuum, and two papers that outline an impact classification framework. We analysed how these framework papers are cited and by whom, conducted a survey to determine why people have cited the frameworks, and explored the degree to which the frameworks are implemented. The four papers outlining these frameworks are amongst the most-cited in their respective journals, are highly regarded in the field, and are already seen as citation classics (although citations are overwhelmingly within the field of invasion science). The number of citations to the frameworks has increased over time, and, while a significant proportion of these are self-citations (20–40%), this rate is decreasing. The frameworks were cited by studies conducted and authored by researchers from across the world. However, relative to a previous citation analysis of invasion science as a whole, the frameworks are particularly used in Europe and South Africa and less so in North America. There is an increasing number of examples of uptake into invasion policy and management (e.g., the pathway classification framework has been adapted and adopted into EU legislation and CBD targets, and the impact classification framework has been adopted by the IUCN). However, we found that few of the citing papers (6–8%) specifically implemented or interrogated the frameworks; roughly half of all citations might be viewed as frivolous (“citation fluff”); there were several clear cases of erroneous citation; and some survey respondents felt that they have not been rigorously tested yet.
Although our analyses suggest that invasion science is moving towards a more systematic and standardised approach to recording invasions and their impacts, it appears that the proposed standards are still not applied consistently. For this to be achieved, we argue that frameworks in invasion science need to be revised or adapted to particular contexts in response to the needs and experiences of users (e.g., so they are relevant to pathologists, plant ecologists, and practitioners), the standards should be easier to apply in practice (e.g., through the development of guidelines for management), and there should be incentives for their usage (e.g., recognition for completing an EICAT assessment).
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Brundu G, Pauchard A, Pyšek P, Pergl J, Bindewald AM, Brunori A, Canavan S, Campagnaro T, Celesti-Grapow L, Dechoum MDS, Dufour-Dror JM, Essl F, Flory SL, Genovesi P, Guarino F, Guangzhe L, Hulme PE, Jäger H, Kettle CJ, Krumm F, Langdon B, Lapin K, Lozano V, Le Roux JJ, Novoa A, Nuñez MA, Porté AJ, Silva JS, Schaffner U, Sitzia T, Tanner R, Tshidada N, Vítková M, Westergren M, Wilson JRU, Richardson DM. Global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees to prevent tree invasions and mitigate their negative impacts. NB 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.61.58380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options.
A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point.
The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees.
The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations linked with forest biodiversity.
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Seebens H, Bacher S, Blackburn TM, Capinha C, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, van Kleunen M, Kühn I, Jeschke JM, Lenzner B, Liebhold AM, Pattison Z, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Winter M, Essl F. Projecting the continental accumulation of alien species through to 2050. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 27:970-982. [PMID: 33000893 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, we do not know whether alien species will continue to accumulate in regional floras and faunas, or whether the pace of accumulation will decrease due to the depletion of native source pools. Here, we apply a new model to simulate future numbers of alien species based on estimated sizes of source pools and dynamics of historical invasions, assuming a continuation of processes in the future as observed in the past (a business-as-usual scenario). We first validated performance of different model versions by conducting a back-casting approach, therefore fitting the model to alien species numbers until 1950 and validating predictions on trends from 1950 to 2005. In a second step, we selected the best performing model that provided the most robust predictions to project trajectories of alien species numbers until 2050. Altogether, this resulted in 3,790 stochastic simulation runs for 38 taxon-continent combinations. We provide the first quantitative projections of future trajectories of alien species numbers for seven major taxonomic groups in eight continents, accounting for variation in sampling intensity and uncertainty in projections. Overall, established alien species numbers per continent were predicted to increase from 2005 to 2050 by 36%. Particularly, strong increases were projected for Europe in absolute (+2,543 ± 237 alien species) and relative terms, followed by Temperate Asia (+1,597 ± 197), Northern America (1,484 ± 74) and Southern America (1,391 ± 258). Among individual taxonomic groups, especially strong increases were projected for invertebrates globally. Declining (but still positive) rates were projected only for Australasia. Our projections provide a first baseline for the assessment of future developments of biological invasions, which will help to inform policies to contain the spread of alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Seebens
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Bacher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tim M Blackburn
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - César Capinha
- Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território - IGOT, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Stefan Dullinger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Piero Genovesi
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
- Chair IUCN Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG), Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle, Germany
- Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Jeschke
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew M Liebhold
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Zarah Pattison
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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