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Gupta PC, Divya KH, De S, Johari S, Jayapalan G, Gupta MK, Gupta A, Reddy JS. Microbiology proficiency testing in fish and fishery products: detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. J Food Sci Technol 2024; 61:62-68. [PMID: 38192716 PMCID: PMC10771392 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-023-05811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of two proficiency testing (PT) rounds conducted by the Export Inspection Agency (EIA) Chennai laboratory in 2021 for food testing laboratories in India. The PT program was designed in accordance with ISO/TS 22117, a standard for proficiency testing in food microbiology, and targeted Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp as the organisms of focus. The samples were found to be stable and recoverable during the analysis, and all PT sample packages were delivered to participant laboratories in good condition. The participant laboratories reported high sensitivity rates of 100% for PT round 061021 M and 96.49% for PT round 050721 M. The accuracy rate in PT round 061021 M was 91.89% and 92.10% in case of PT round 050721 M. However, there were some false positive and false negative results reported by some participant laboratories in both PT rounds, which may have been caused by operational errors or inconsistencies in analysis. During the PT round 061021 M, out of a total of 38 participant laboratories, five laboratories reported false positive results and one laboratory reported a false negative result. Similarly, during the PT round 050721 M, six laboratories reported false positive results which resulted in their results being deemed unsatisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- Export Inspection Council, Block A, East Kidwai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110023 India
| | - K. H. Divya
- Export Inspection Agency- Chennai, Gandhi Irwin Rd, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008 India
| | - Subhabrata De
- Export Inspection Agency- Chennai, Gandhi Irwin Rd, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008 India
| | - Shashank Johari
- Export Inspection Agency- Kochi, Shipyard Quarters Road, Panampilly Nagar (South), Kochi, Kerala 682036 India
| | - G. Jayapalan
- Export Inspection Agency- Chennai, Gandhi Irwin Rd, Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Export Inspection Council, Block A, East Kidwai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110023 India
| | - Ananda Gupta
- Export Inspection Council, Block A, East Kidwai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110023 India
| | - J. S. Reddy
- Export Inspection Council, Block A, East Kidwai Nagar, Kidwai Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi 110023 India
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Bhargava SS, Das S, Priya H, Mishra D, Shivabasappa S, Sood A, Hazarika CR, Gupta PC, Chakma JK, Swasticharan L, Sinha P, Munish VG, Gupta SR. The Burden and Correlates of Waterpipe (Hookah) Smoking among Adolescents and Youth: A Systematic Review. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:29-40. [PMID: 37907086 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2257320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the available medical literature on the prevalence and trends of waterpipe tobacco smoking among adolescents and youth in jurisdictionally representative populations. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant studies from inception until 31 December 2022 that reported the burden of waterpipe smoking among adolescents and youth (10-24 years of age). We extracted qualitative data on the demographic characteristics, burden, and correlates of waterpipe smoking (PROSPERO ID: CRD42022310982). RESULTS A total of 2,197 articles were screened and 62 were included in the analysis. The majority (29) of the studies was from the United States of America and there were no studies from the south-east Asian region. The prevalence of ever waterpipe smoking among the 10-24 years age group was noted to be 18.16% (95% CI, 18.03-18.29). The prevalence of current (30-day) waterpipe smoking was 6.43% (95% CI, 6.34-6.50). The age of initiation of waterpipe smoking was variable. The prevalence of waterpipe smoking was higher among males, among those who belong to the high- and middle-income groups, and among university students. The common risk factors of waterpipe smoking included cigarette smoking, alcohol, and substance use. Waterpipe smoking resulted in increased susceptibility to the use of conventional forms of tobacco (e.g. smoking) among those who were never smokers. CONCLUSION Waterpipe smoking usage was significantly high among adolescents and young adults. Developing regulatory guidelines for water-pipe smoking, surveillance of its use, intervention, and specific policy frameworks may be considered a public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Sharad Bhargava
- Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Saibal Das
- Indian Council of Medical Research - Centre for Ageing and Mental Health, Kolkata, India
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harsh Priya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Santhosh Shivabasappa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Eductaion and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Anubhuti Sood
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Chaya Rani Hazarika
- Socio-Behavioral Health Systems and Implementation Research Division, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Joy Kumar Chakma
- Division of Non Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Leimapokpam Swasticharan
- Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Shalini R Gupta
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Hecht SS, Gupta PC, Sturla SJ, Wang Y. 50 Years of Research on Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines: A Virtual Collection of Emerging Knowledge of Chemical Toxicology of Tobacco and Nicotine Delivery Systems and Call for Contributions to a Landmark Special Issue. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:899-900. [PMID: 35635503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Gupta PC, Kar A, Sharma N, Singh PK, Goswami NK, Kumar S. Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats. Ann Med 2021; 53:1696-1708. [PMID: 34555996 PMCID: PMC8475150 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1981548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The fruit of Garcinia is a rich and valuable source of bioactive compounds and is traditionally used for treating wounds and ulcers. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of chromatographically standardized fruit extract of Garcinia cowa (GCE) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The effect of GCE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by determining various gastric ulcer parameters like gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of GCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < .01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index by 18.94-44.02%, respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with GCE (400 mg/kg) significantly restored the depleted gastric wall mucus level by 34.09% and NP-SH content by 33.35% induced by ethanol administration. In addition, GCE (400 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in microvascular permeability of Evans Blue by 47.43%, rationalizing its protective effect. Furthermore, a significant increase in oxidative enzyme levels with reduction in malondialdehyde level and elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the GCE treated group as compared to the ulcer control group. The histopathological assessment also confirmed the protective nature of GCE. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.27%, 0.11% w/w gallic acid, and amentoflavone, respectively in GCE. The content of α-mangostin and xanthochymol in the G. cowa extract sample quantified by HPLC-PDA method was 0.72 and 8.46%, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the protective effect of GCE against gastric ulcers in rats through multiple actions confirmed by the reduction of oxidative stress and restoration of adhered gastric mucus, NP-SH content, and histological architecture.KEY MESSAGESEthanol is the most typical ulcerogenic agent and has been shown to extend the risk of ulcer in humans.Natural products are promising alternative medication for the development of new drugs to regulate gastrointestinal diseases.Garcinia cowa protects the gastric mucosa through multiple actions that include restoration of adhered gastric mucus and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Ashish Kar
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Naba Kumar Goswami
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Ram
- Advanced Eye Centre, Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector - 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Nagler EM, Aghi M, Rathore A, Lando H, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Stoddard AM, Kenwood C, Penningroth B, Sinha DN, Sorensen G. Factors associated with successful tobacco use cessation among teachers in Bihar state, India: a mixed-method study. Health Educ Res 2020; 35:60-73. [PMID: 31999824 PMCID: PMC6991618 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although tobacco use is declining in several countries including India (dropping from 35% in 2009-10 to 29% 2016-17 among adults)-it still poses a huge burden on India, as the world's second largest consumer of tobacco products. In Bihar state, with a prevalence of 25%, the Bihar School Teachers Study (BSTS) successfully enlisted teachers as role models for encouraging quitting and changing social norms pertaining to tobacco. The study used a mixed-methods approach to identify factors associated with teachers' quitting. Qualitative data were collected through focus groups with teachers and school principals. Quantitative data were collected through a written survey administered to school personnel post-intervention. Key findings from focus groups were that teachers and principals quit using tobacco and promoted cessation because they wanted to model positive behaviors; specific information about tobacco's harms aided cessation; and the BSTS intervention facilitated a school environment that supported quitting. Survey results indicated teachers who reported knowing people who quit using tobacco in the prior year were far more likely to quit as were teachers who reported that their school's tobacco policy was completely enforced. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data yielded important insights with strong implications for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Nagler
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, LW722 Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - M Aghi
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400701, India
| | - A Rathore
- Welobaby Jaipur, Rajasthan 302039, India
| | - H Lando
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - M S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400701, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400701, India
| | - A M Stoddard
- Biostatistical Consultant, Pelham, MA 01002, USA
| | - C Kenwood
- Veristat, LLC, Southborough, MA 01772, USA
| | | | - D N Sinha
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 400701, India
| | - G Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 450 Brookline Avenue, LW722 Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Khurana S, Gupta PC, Balamurugan R, Sharma VK, Ram J. Crystalline cataract in diabetes. QJM 2020; 113:57. [PMID: 31086962 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Khurana
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Balamurugan
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - V K Sharma
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Ram
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balamurugan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - H Kashyap
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagat Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kakkar
- Department of Histopathology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - G Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Yang K, Zhang Y, Saito E, Rahman MS, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Koh WP, Shu XO, Tsuji I, Sadakane A, Nagata C, You SL, Yuan JM, Shin MH, Chen Y, Pan WH, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Xiang YB, Ozasa K, Tomata Y, Kanemura S, Sugawara Y, Wada K, Wang R, Ahn YO, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Chia KS, Boffetta P, Kang D, Potter JD, Inoue M, Zheng W, Nan H. Association between educational level and total and cause-specific mortality: a pooled analysis of over 694 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026225. [PMID: 31444178 PMCID: PMC6707688 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association of educational level and risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer among Asian populations. DESIGN A pooled analysis of 15 population-based cohort studies. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 694 434 Asian individuals from 15 prospective cohorts within the Asia Cohort Consortium. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES HRs and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality, as well as for CVD-specific mortality and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS A total of 694 434 participants (mean age at baseline=53.2 years) were included in the analysis. During a mean follow-up period of 12.5 years, 103 023 deaths were observed, among which 33 939 were due to cancer and 34 645 were due to CVD. Higher educational levels were significantly associated with lower risk of death from all causes compared with a low educational level (≤primary education); HRs and 95% CIs for secondary education, trade/technical education and ≥university education were 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92), 0.81 (0.73 to 0.90) and 0.71 (0.63 to 0.80), respectively (ptrend=0.002). Similarly, HRs (95% CIs) were 0.93 (0.89 to 0.97), 0.86 (0.78 to 0.94) and 0.81 (0.73 to 0.89) for cancer death, and 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93), 0.77 (0.66 to 0.91) and 0.67 (0.58 to 0.77) for CVD death with increasing levels of education (both ptrend <0.01). The pattern of the association among East Asians and South Asians was similar compared with ≤primary education; HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality associated with ≥university education was 0.72 (0.63 to 0.81) among 539 724 East Asians (Chinese, Japanese and Korean) and 0.61 (0.54 to 0.69) among 154 710 South Asians (Indians and Bangladeshis). CONCLUSION Higher educational level was associated with substantially lower risk of death among Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine, Big Data Research Centre, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Epidemiology Program, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - John D Potter
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Sector 12, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Sector 12, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - J Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Center, Sector 12, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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Gupta PC, Balamurugan R, Ram J. Ocular and systemic manifestations of alkaptonuria. QJM 2019; 112:369. [PMID: 30476261 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Balamurugan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gupta PC, Pawar PS, Mathur N, Adhikari K, Codeira LS, Stoddard AM, Sorensen G. Scaling up a tobacco control intervention in low resource settings: a case example for school teachers in India. Health Educ Res 2018; 33:218-231. [PMID: 29757377 PMCID: PMC5961014 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Research on processes of bringing effective tobacco control interventions to scale to increase quit rates among tobacco users is uncommon. This study examines processes to bring to scale one such intervention for school teachers, i.e. Tobacco Free Teacher-Tobacco Free Society (TFT-TFS). This intervention provides a foundation for an effective and low cost approach to promote cessation through schools. The present study was conducted in the states of Bihar and Maharashtra in 2014 using quantitative and qualitative methods. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were analysed using immersion crystallization method. The data presented are from a survey of 291 principals and seven FGDs. This study examined characteristics of principals and teachers, organizational environment, external environmental factors and program characteristics to determine facilitators and barriers for successful dissemination and implementation of the TFT-TFS program. Some facilitators were, incorporation of the program in existing channels like staff meetings and trainings, certification and recognition by the department of education; while some barriers were routine time bound duties (mainly teaching) of teachers and prevalence of tobacco use among teachers and administrators. Principals and teachers expressed a need and high level of interest in the adoption and implementation of the TFT-TFS program in their schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Pednekar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - E M Nagler
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - P C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Pawar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - N Mathur
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - K Adhikari
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400701, Maharashtra, India
| | - L S Codeira
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A M Stoddard
- Biostatistical Consultant, Pelham, MA 01002, USA
| | - G Sorensen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Parakh R, Krishna PR, Amin P, Bedi VS, Desai S, Dumra HS, Gupta PC, Gupta V, Hydrabadi R, Kamerkar D, Mahajan N, Pai P, Patel P, Rai K, Sekhar R, Selvaraj D, Sharma A, Subrammaniyan SR. Consensus on Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis with Emphasis on NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants): Recommendations from Inter-Disciplinary Group of Indian Experts. J Assoc Physicians India 2016; 64:7-26. [PMID: 28825231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that around 2.5 lac patients are identified as having an acute venous thrombo-embolic event in India annually. This includes patients with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and is estimated to result in more than 3.7 lacs deaths each year in European countries. The 'Consensus on Management of Deep Vein Thrombosis with Emphasis on NOACs (Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants): Recommendations from Inter-Disciplinary Group of Indian Experts' position paper was developed to assist clinicians and institutions with an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis patients. Key to the evaluation of patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis is the use of the clinician's clinical evaluation with the help of pre-test probability tools as well as judicious use of objective diagnostic tests. Our hope is that we have supplemented clinicians' clinical acumen, and assisted them and their health systems in developing best practice approaches to this ever-interesting population of patients. The Deep Vein Thrombosis Consensus Working Group welcomes your inputs on how improvements might be made on this paper in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Parakh
- Chairman, Division of Peripheral Vascular and Endovascular Sciences, Medanta Medicity,Gurgaon
| | | | - Pravin Amin
- Chief, Department of Critical Care, Bombay Hospital, Mumbai
| | - V S Bedi
- Chairman and Head, Dept. of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, SGRH, Delhi
| | - Sanjay Desai
- Head, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, M.S.Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore
| | | | - P C Gupta
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, CARE Hospital, Hyderabad
| | - Vineet Gupta
- Senior Consultant and Head - Medical Oncology and Haematology, Sakra World Hospital, Bangalore
| | | | | | | | - Paresh Pai
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Pankaj Patel
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai
| | - Kumud Rai
- Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Max Super Specialty Hospital, Saket, Delhi
| | | | - Dheepak Selvaraj
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Consultant Hematologist, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi
| | - S R Subrammaniyan
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Science, Vijaya Hospital, Chennai
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - J Ram
- Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Dhumal GG, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Sansone GC, Quah ACK, Bansal-Travers M, Fong GT. Quit history, intentions to quit, and reasons for considering quitting among tobacco users in India: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 1:S39-45. [PMID: 25526247 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global Adult Tobacco Survey India 2009-2010 revealed that more than one-third (35%) of adults in India use tobacco in some form: 21% use smokeless tobacco, 9% smoke, and 5% are mixed users (they smoke and use smokeless tobacco), and the quit rate is very low. In an effort to decrease prevalence of tobacco use, it is thus important to understand the factors that are related to intention to quit among Indian tobacco users. Research has shown consistently that intention to quit is a strong predictor of future quitting. The present study reports the factors encouraging quitting tobacco products in India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional data from Wave 1 of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation India Survey conducted in four cities and surrounding rural areas (i.e. Mumbai [Maharashtra], Patna [Bihar], Indore [Madhya Pradesh], and Kolkata [West Bengal]) between August 2010 and December 2011 were analyzed. A total of 8051 tobacco users (15+ years) were randomly sampled from 8586 households: 1255 smokers, 5991 smokeless users, and 805 mixed (smoke and smokeless) users. Validated, standardized questions were asked about current tobacco use, intention to quit, and factors encouraging quitting. RESULTS Overall, 19.6% of tobacco users intended to quit. Smokers had less intention to quit as compared to smokeless tobacco users whereas mixed users had more intention to quit (odds ratio [OR] =1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.12-1.97) compared to smokeless tobacco users. Highly educated people were more likely to report intention to quit (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.09-3.02) compared to less educated. Advice by doctors to quit tobacco had a strong impact on intention to quit (OR = 1.68, CI = 1.29-2.15). Tobacco users who were exposed to antitobacco messages at work places (OR = 1.74, CI = 1.23-2.46), at restaurants (OR = 1.65, CI = 1.12-2.43), bars (OR = 1.81, CI = 1.07-3.06), on public transportation (OR = 2.14, CI = 1.49-3.08) and on tobacco packages (OR = 1.77, CI = 1.29-2.14) also expressed greater intention to quit tobacco use. CONCLUSION Around one-fifth of tobacco users in India intended to quit tobacco use. Higher education, doctor's advice, and antitobacco messages were positively associated with users' intention to quit tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Dhumal
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Sinha DN, Palipudi KM, Gupta PC, Singhal S, Ramasundarahettige C, Jha P, Indrayan A, Asma S, Vendhan G. Smokeless tobacco use: a meta-analysis of risk and attributable mortality estimates for India. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51 Suppl 1:S73-7. [PMID: 25526253 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) is widely prevalent in India and Indian subcontinent. Cohort and case-control studies in India and elsewhere report excess mortality due to its use. OBJECTIVE The aim was to estimate the SLT use-attributable deaths in males and females, aged 35 years and older, in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prevalence of SLT use in persons aged 35 years and older was obtained from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey in India and population size and deaths in the relevant age-sex groups were obtained from UN estimates (2010 revision) for 2008. A meta-relative risk (RR) based population attributable fraction was used to estimate attributable deaths in persons aged 35 years and older. A random effects model was used in the meta-analysis on all-cause mortality from SLT use in India including four cohort and one case-control study. The studies included in the meta-analysis were adjusted for smoking, age and education. RESULTS The prevalence of SLT use in India was 25.2% for men and 24.5% for women aged 35 years and older. RRs for females and males were 1.34 (1.27-1.42) and 1.17 (1.05-1.42), respectively. The number of deaths attributable to SLT use in India is estimated to be 368127 (217,076 women and 151,051 men), with nearly three-fifth (60%) of these deaths occurring among women. CONCLUSION SLT use caused over 350,000 deaths in India in 2010, and nearly three-fifth of SLT use-attributable deaths were among women in India. This calls for targeted public health intervention focusing on SLT products especially among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Sinha
- World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India
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18
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Abstract
CONTEXT In 1999, an increase in mouth cancer incidence among young men (< 50 years) in urban Ahmedabad was reported to be occurring along with decreasing mouth cancer incidence in older age groups and increasing oral submucous fibrosis incidence associated with areca nut consumption among young men in Gujarat. The aim was to investigate whether the increase in the incidence mouth cancer that had started among young men in the 1990 s was continuing. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Ahmedabad urban population, comparison of reported mouth cancer cases in the population across four time period. METHODS Age-specific incidence rates of mouth cancer (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9:143-5; ICD-10:C03-06) in five year age groups among men aged ≥ 15 years for the city of Ahmedabad for years 1985, 1995, 2007 and 2010 were extracted from published reports. For comparison, lung cancer (ICD-9:169; ICD-10:C33-C34) rates were also abstracted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED A cohort approach was used for further analysis of mouth cancer incidence. Age adjusted incidence rates of mouth and lung cancer for men aged ≥ 15 years were calculated and compared. RESULTS The age specific incidence rates of mouth cancer among men increased over the 25-year period while lung cancer rates showed a net decrease. Using a cohort approach for mouth cancer, a rapid increase in younger age cohorts was found. CONCLUSIONS Mouth cancer incidence increased markedly among men in urban Ahmedabad between 1985 and 2010, apparently due to increasing consumption of areca nut products, mawa and gutka. Gutka has now been banned all over India, but a more vigorous implementation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C S Ray
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma N, Gupta PC, Rao CV. Therapeutic hypoglycemic potential of Pentapetes phoenicea L. in experimentally induced hyperglycemic rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:709-14. [PMID: 26031005 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.709.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of endocrine system. This dreadful disease is found all over the world and is becoming a serious threat to the mankind health. Alternative to synthetic agents, plants provide a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Pentapetesphoenicea (PPE) on blood glucose level in glucose loaded, normal and experimentally induced diabetic rats. Based on the acute toxicity test, two variable doses (250, 500 mg kg(-1) b.wt.) of hydro-alcoholic extract of P. phoenicea leaves were compared with glibenclamide for the influence on fasting blood glucose in glucose loaded, normoglycemic and streptozotocin (STZ) (55 mg kg(-1), i.p.) induced hyperglycemic rats. All the statistical comparisons were made by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Newman-Keuls Multiple Comparison Test using Graph Pad Prism 4.01 v for windows (Graph Pad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). The difference showing a p level of 0.05 or lower was considered to be statistically significant. The administration of PPE in two doses and glibenclamide (5 mg kg(-1)) to STZ induced hyperglycemic animals significantly lowered the blood glucose levels with 18.84% (p<0.01) for PPE 250 mg kg and 38.89% (p<0.001) for PPE 500 mg kg(-1) in a dose dependant manner. Considering all the results obtained, the study concludes that the hydro-alcoholic extract of P. phoenicea leaves produced promising decrease in blood glucose levels in STZ induced hyperglycemic rats which might be related to tannins, terpenoids, sterols and flavonoid contents.
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Cordeira LS, Pednekar MS, Nagler EM, Gautam J, Wallace L, Stoddard AM, Gupta PC, Sorensen GC. Experiences recruiting Indian worksites for an integrated health protection and health promotion randomized control trial in Maharashtra, India. Health Educ Res 2015; 30:412-421. [PMID: 25796269 PMCID: PMC4434951 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the recruitment strategies utilized in the Mumbai Worksites Tobacco Control Study, a cluster randomized trial testing the effectiveness of an integrated tobacco control and occupational safety and health program in Indian manufacturing worksites. From June 2012 to June 2013, 20 companies were recruited. Companies were identified using association lists, referrals, internet searches and visits to industrial areas. Four hundred eighty companies were contacted to validate information, introduce the study and seek an in-person meeting with a company representative. Eighty-three company representatives agreed to meet. Of those 83 companies, 55 agreed to a formal 'pitch meeting' with key decision makers at the company. Seventy-seven recruitment 'pitches' were given, including multiple meetings in the same companies. If the company was interested, we obtained a letter of participation and employee roster. Based on this experience, recommendations are made that can help inform future researchers and practitioners wishing to recruit Indian worksites. When compared with recruitment of US manufacturing worksites, recruitment of Indian worksites lacked current industrial lists of companies to serve as a sampling frame, and required more in-person visits, incentives for control companies and more assurances around confidentiality to allow occupational safety and health experts into their worksite.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shulman Cordeira
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - M S Pednekar
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - E M Nagler
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - J Gautam
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - L Wallace
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - A M Stoddard
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - P C Gupta
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
| | - G C Sorensen
- Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA Center for Community Based-Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai 400614, India, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA and New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA 02472, USA
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Gupta PC, Rao CV. Morpho-anatomical and physicochemical studies of Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:830-4. [PMID: 23569856 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study morpho-anatomical characters and physicochemical analysis of Fumaria indica (F. indica) (Hausskn.) Pugsley, (Fumariaceae), an important medicinal plant used extensively for treating a variety of ailments in various system of indigenous medicine. METHODS Evaluation of the different parts of the plant was carried out to determine the morpho-anatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical and HPTLC fingerprinting profile of F. indica and other WHO recommended methods were performed for standardization. RESULTS Morpho-anatomical studies showed compound and pinnatifid leaf, 4 to 6 cm in length, linear and oblong in shape and anomocytic arrangement of stomata, thin walled parenchymatous cells, scattered, sclerenchymatous, capped vascular bundles and radiating medullary rays. Physicochemical studies showed foreign matter 0.2%, loss on drying 6.8%, total ash 16.77%, alcohol and water soluble extractives 8.92% and 20.26%, respectively, sugar 17.75%, starch 22.97% and tannins 2.37%. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and sterol. Thin layer chromatography was carried out with different solvents and the best solvent system was chloroform and methanol in 80:20 ratio and revealed 12 spots with different Rf value under UV light 366λ. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for identification of this plant material for future investigations and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gupta PC, Sharma N, Rao CV. A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:665-9. [PMID: 23569991 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley (Fumariaceae), known as "Fumitory", is an annual herb found as a common weed all over the plains of India and Pakistan. The whole plant is widely used in traditional and folkloric systems of medicine. In traditional systems of medicine, the plant is reputed for its anthelmintic, diuretic, diaphoretic, laxative, cholagogue, stomachic and sedative activities and is used to purify blood and in liver obstruction in ethnopharmacology. The whole plant is ascribed to possess medicinal virtues in Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine and is also used in preparation of important Ayurvedic medicinal preparations and polyherbal liver formulations. The review reveals that phytochemical constituents of wide range have been separated from the plants and it possesses important pharmacological activities like smooth muscle relaxant, spasmogenic and spasmolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuropharmacological and antibacterial activities. The separation of hepatoprotective and antifungal constituents from this plant was also reported newly. This review highlights the traditional, ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological information available on Fumaria indica, which might be helpful for scientists and researchers to find out new chemical entities responsible for its claimed traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur-208024, India
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Pawar PS, Pednekar MS, Gupta PC, Shang C, Quah ACK, Fong GT. The relation between price and daily consumption of cigarettes and bidis: findings from the Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Wave 1 Survey. Indian J Cancer 2014. [PMID: 25526256 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147479.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS This study analyzes "unit price" and "daily consumption" of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) as a part of the International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation Project (the TCP India Project) during 2010-2011. METHODS Information was collected from adult (aged ≥ 15) daily exclusive smokers of cigarette/bidi regarding (a) last purchase (purchase in pack/loose, brand and price) and (b) daily consumption. Average unit price and daily consumption was calculated for different brands and states. Regression model was used to assess the impact of price on daily consumption. RESULTS Bidis were much less expensive ([symbol in text]0.39) than cigarettes ([symbol in text]3.1). The daily consumption was higher (14) among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers (8). The prices and daily consumption of bidis ([symbol in text]0.33-0.43; 12-15) and cigarettes ([symbol in text]2.9-3.6; 5-9) varied across the four states. The unit prices of bidis and cigarettes did not influence their daily consumption. Smokers purchasing bidis in packs paid substantially less per unit and purchase of bidis and cigarettes in packs influenced their consumption positively. CONCLUSIONS Cigarettes although more expensive than bidis, seem very cheap if compared internationally. Hence, prices of both cigarettes and bidis do not influence their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Pawar
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Sinha DN, Palipudi KM, Oswal K, Gupta PC, Andes LJ, Asma S. Influence of tobacco industry advertisements and promotions on tobacco use in India: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009-2010. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51 Suppl 1:S13-8. [PMID: 25526242 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The developing world, including countries like India, has become a major target for the tobacco industry to market its products. This study examines the influence of the marketing (advertising and promotion) of tobacco products on the use of tobacco by adults (ages 15 and over) in India. METHOD Data from Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009-2010 was analyzed using methods for complex (clustered) sample designs. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to predict the use of different tobacco products by level of exposure to tobacco marketing using adults who have never used tobacco as the reference category. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for education, gender, age, state of residence, wealth index, and place of residence (urban/rural). RESULTS Adults in India were almost twice as likely to be current smokers (versus never users) when they were exposed to a moderate level of bidi or cigarette marketing. For bidis, among adults with high exposure, the OR for current use was 4.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6, 13.0). Adults were more likely to be current users of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with even a low level of exposure to SLT marketing (OR = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.4]). For SLT, the ORs showed an increasing trend (P for trend < 0.001) with greater level of exposure (moderate, OR = 1.55 [95% CI: 1.1, 2.2]; high, OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.8, 5.1]). The risk of any current tobacco use rose with increasing level of exposure to any marketing (minimum, OR = 1.25 [1.1-1.4]; moderate, OR = 1.38 [1.1-1.8]; and high, OR = 2.73 [1.8-4.2]), with the trend highly significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Exposure to the marketing of tobacco products, which may take the form of advertising at the point of sale, sales or a discounted price, free coupons, free samples, surrogate advertisements, or any of several other modalities, increased prevalence of tobacco use among adults. An increasing level of exposure to direct and indirect advertisement and promotion is associated with an increased likelihood of tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Sinha
- World Health Organization, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
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Gupta PC, Lando HA, Pednekar MS, Narake SS, Nagler EM, Pawar PS, Sinha DN, Aghi MB, Sorensen GS. Improvement in prevalence of tobacco use among teachers in Bihar after COTPA. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51 Suppl 1:S19-23. [PMID: 25526243 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A high prevalence of tobacco use, even among educated professionals like teachers, has been reported from Bihar. After passing of the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) in 2003, there have been major improvements in tobacco control nationwide. AIMS To compare tobacco use prevalence among school teachers in Bihar reported in 2000 with a survey in 2008 and investigate correlates of current and past tobacco-use. METHODS Data from the baseline survey of a cluster random sample of 72 government schools conducted during the beginning of two consecutive school years was analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of current tobacco use was 35.5% and past use, 11.3%. Likelihood of current use compared with no use increased with age (odds ratio [OR] =3.27 for > 50 years compared to < 30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.50, 7.13]); whereas that of past use compared to current use decreased (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: [0.09-0.68] for age > 50 years compared to < 30 years). DISCUSSION Compared to the tobacco use prevalence among Bihar school teachers reported from a survey in the year 2000 (77.4%), the prevalence in this survey in 2008 was much lower and past use, much higher. In the earlier survey, lal dantmajan was counted as a tobacco product. If we do the same in the current survey, and consider ever use, the prevalence even then was 53.9%, lower than the earlier figure. Although the tobacco use among teachers in Bihar is still high, it has decreased after the implementation of COTPA and the cessation has increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Narake SS, Gupta PC. Nasal use of snuff. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51 Suppl 1:S88. [PMID: 25526257 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.147480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Narake
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
CONTEXT The leaf of Careya arborea Roxb. (Lecthidaceae) has been advocated in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders, including ulcers, healing of wounds and several skin diseases. OBJECTIVE The 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract of C. arborea leaves (CALE) was investigated for its gastroprotective effect in different gastric ulcer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS CALE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 d, for preventing aspirin (ASP)-, EtOH-, pylorus ligation (PL)-, and cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced ulcer in rats. The status of the antioxidant enzymes in CRS-induced ulcers, H(+)K(+)ATPase activity, gastric wall mucous in EtOH-induced ulcer, and gastric secretion parameters were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model. RESULTS CALE exhibited significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index in ASP 12.90-51.61%, EtOH 11.97-40.35%, PL 28.63-63.92%, and CRS 38.30-66.37%, respectively. A significant (p < 0.001) decrease occurred in the level of H(+)K(+)ATPase, volume of gastric juice, and acid output. Simultaneously, the level of gastric wall mucus was increased significantly (p < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme levels of LPO and SOD were decreased with concomitant increase in catalase activity in CRS-induced ulcers. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) showed the presence of quercetin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid (0.31%, 0.24%, and 0.71% w/w, respectively) in CALE. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that C. arborea possesses significant gastro-protective activity, probably due to its free radical scavenging activity, and validate the folklore claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University , Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh , India and
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Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland BA, Fu Z, Boffetta P, He J, Gupta PC, Ramadas K, Tsugane S, Irie F, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Koh WP, Shu XO, Ozasa K, Nishino Y, Tsuji I, Tanaka H, Chen CJ, Yuan JM, Ahn YO, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Pan WH, Qiao YL, Gu D, Pednekar MS, Sauvaget C, Sawada N, Sairenchi T, Yang G, Wang R, Xiang YB, Ohishi W, Kakizaki M, Watanabe T, Oze I, You SL, Sugawara Y, Butler LM, Kim DH, Park SK, Parvez F, Chuang SY, Fan JH, Shen CY, Chen Y, Grant EJ, Lee JE, Sinha R, Matsuo K, Thornquist M, Inoue M, Feng Z, Kang D, Potter JD. Burden of total and cause-specific mortality related to tobacco smoking among adults aged ≥ 45 years in Asia: a pooled analysis of 21 cohorts. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001631. [PMID: 24756146 PMCID: PMC3995657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for many diseases. We sought to quantify the burden of tobacco-smoking-related deaths in Asia, in parts of which men's smoking prevalence is among the world's highest. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed pooled analyses of data from 1,049,929 participants in 21 cohorts in Asia to quantify the risks of total and cause-specific mortality associated with tobacco smoking using adjusted hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. We then estimated smoking-related deaths among adults aged ≥45 y in 2004 in Bangladesh, India, mainland China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan-accounting for ∼71% of Asia's total population. An approximately 1.44-fold (95% CI = 1.37-1.51) and 1.48-fold (1.38-1.58) elevated risk of death from any cause was found in male and female ever-smokers, respectively. In 2004, active tobacco smoking accounted for approximately 15.8% (95% CI = 14.3%-17.2%) and 3.3% (2.6%-4.0%) of deaths, respectively, in men and women aged ≥45 y in the seven countries/regions combined, with a total number of estimated deaths of ∼1,575,500 (95% CI = 1,398,000-1,744,700). Among men, approximately 11.4%, 30.5%, and 19.8% of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases, respectively, were attributable to tobacco smoking. Corresponding proportions for East Asian women were 3.7%, 4.6%, and 1.7%, respectively. The strongest association with tobacco smoking was found for lung cancer: a 3- to 4-fold elevated risk, accounting for 60.5% and 16.7% of lung cancer deaths, respectively, in Asian men and East Asian women aged ≥45 y. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking is associated with a substantially elevated risk of mortality, accounting for approximately 2 million deaths in adults aged ≥45 y throughout Asia in 2004. It is likely that smoking-related deaths in Asia will continue to rise over the next few decades if no effective smoking control programs are implemented. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dale F McLerran
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Betsy A Rolland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Zhenming Fu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America; International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Kunnambath Ramadas
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Trivandrum, India
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Irie
- Department of Health and Social Services, Ibaraki Prefectural Government, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Division of Epidemiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America; University of Chicago Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | | | - Catherine Sauvaget
- Screening Group, Prevention and Early Detection Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masako Kakizaki
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Isao Oze
- Department of Medical Oncology and Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagoya, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lesley M Butler
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Okcheon-dong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Faruque Parvez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Health Services Research, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hu Fan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Environmental Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric J Grant
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mark Thornquist
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manami Inoue
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John D Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Gupta PC, Ray CS, Narake SS, Palipudi KM, Sinha DN, Asma S, Blutcher-Nelson G. Profile of dual tobacco users in India: an analysis from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2009-10. Indian J Cancer 2013; 49:393-400. [PMID: 23442404 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals who use both smoked and smokeless tobacco products (dual tobacco users) form a special group about which little is known. This group is especially relevant to India, where smokeless tobacco use is very common. The aim of this study was to characterise the profile of dual users, study their pattern of initiation to the second product, their attitudes toward quittingas well as their cessation profile. METHODS AND MATERIALS The GATS dataset for India was analyzed using SPSS; . RESULTS In India, dual tobacco users (42.3 million; 5.3% of all adults; 15.4% of all tobacco users) have a profile similar to that of smokers. Some 52.6% of dual users started both practices within 2 years. The most prevalent product combination was bidi-khaini (1.79%) followed by bidi-gutka (1.50%), cigarette-khaini (1.28%), and cigarette-gutka (1.22%). Among daily users, the correlation between the daily frequencies of the use of each product was very high for most product combinations. While 36.7% of dual users were interested in quitting, only 5.0% of dual users could do so. The prevalence of ex-dual users was 0.4%. CONCLUSION Dual users constitute a large, high-risk group that requires special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Gupta
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Raute LJ, Pednekar MS, Mistry R, Gupta PC, Pimple SA, Shastri SS. Determinants of exposure to second-hand smoke at home and outside the home among students aged 11-17 years: results from the Mumbai Student Tobacco Survey 2010. Indian J Cancer 2013; 49:419-24. [PMID: 23442407 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While no level of exposure to Second-hand smoke (SHS) is free of risk, 37% of students from South-East Asia region were exposed to SHS. AIMS To estimate the prevalence of exposure to SHS and identify predictors of exposure to SHS at home and outside the home among 1,511 school students aged 11-17 years. SETTING The City of Mumbai. STUDY DESIGN This study used a two-stage cluster sampling design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mumbai Student Tobacco Survey (MSTS) was a cross-sectional study, using anonymous self-administered structured questionnaire among students. The probability of schools being selected was proportional to the enrolment into grades 8 to 10. The study aimed to sample around 60 students from selected classes in each chosen school. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Proportions, 95% confidence interval and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were used. RESULTS About 79.9% students were aware about the current smoking ban at public places and 88.1% were knowledgeable about the deleterious influence of SHS on them. Overall, 16.5% of students were exposed to SHS at home, and 39.9% outside of the home. Students from families where at least one parent used tobacco were at the greatest risk of SHS exposure at home in addition to outside the home exposure. Those students who were not aware about the smoking ban in public places were at a significantly higher risk of SHS exposure outside the home. CONCLUSION Self-reported tobacco use status, age, parents' tobacco use, close friends' smoking, and the route they take to school were significant determinants of exposure to SHS at home and outside the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Raute
- Healis Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Surani NS, Gupta PC, Fong TG, Pednekar MS, Quah AC, Bansal-Travers M. Intention to quit among Indian tobacco users: findings from International Tobacco Control Policy evaluation India pilot survey. Indian J Cancer 2013; 49:431-7. [PMID: 23442409 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco users face barriers not just in quitting, but also in thinking about quitting. The aim of this study was to understand factors encouraging intention to quit from the 2006 International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation India Pilot Study Survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 764 adult respondents from urban and rural areas of Maharashtra and Bihar were surveyed through face-to-face individual interviews, with a house-to-house approach. Dependent variable was "intention to quit tobacco." Independent variables were demographic variables, peer influence, damage perception, receiving advice to quit, and referral to cessation services by healthcare professionals and exposure to anti-tobacco messages. Logistic regression model was used with odds ratio adjusted for location, age, gender, and marital status for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of 493 tobacco users, 32.5% intended to quit. More numbers of users who were unaware about their friends' tobacco use intended to quit compared to those who were aware (adjusted OR = 8.06, 95% CI = 4.58-14.19). Higher numbers of users who felt tobacco has damaged their health intended to quit compared to those who did not feel that way (adjusted OR = 5.62, 95% CI = 3.53-8.96). More numbers of users exposed to anti-tobacco messages in newspapers/magazines (adjusted OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.02-3.03), restaurants (adjusted OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.37-4.46), radio (adjusted OR=4.84, 95% CI = 3.01-7.78), cinema halls (adjusted OR = 9.22, 95% CI = 5.31-15.75), and public transportation (adjusted OR = 10.58, 95% = 5.90-18.98) intended to quit compared to unexposed users. CONCLUSION Anti-tobacco messages have positive influence on user's intentions to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Surani
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Gupta PC, Rao CV, Sharma N. Protective effect of standardized extract of Cleome viscosa against experimentally induced gastric lesions in the rat. Pharm Biol 2013; 51:595-600. [PMID: 23350708 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.753918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparidaceae) is used traditionally in the Indian system of medicine as a carminative, anthelmintic, and diuretic, and used for healing wounds, ulcers and diarrhea. OBJECTIVE A 70% ethanol (EtOH) extract of the aerial parts of Cleome viscosa extract (CVE) was investigated for gastroprotective activity in different gastric ulcer models in order to validate ethnobotanical claims regarding the plant use in ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS CVE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally, twice daily for 5 d, for prevention from EtOH, pylorus ligation (PL) and cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced ulcers in rats. Estimation of H(+)K(+)ATPase activity and gastric wall mucous were performed in EtOH-induced ulcer, antioxidant enzyme activities in supernatant mitochondrial fraction of CRS-induced ulcer, and gastric secretion parameters were estimated in PL-induced ulcer model. RESULTS CVE showed significant (p < 0.01) dose-dependent inhibition of lesion index in EtOH 15.93-42.30%, PL 26.34-59.28% and CRS 22.58-54.03%, respectively. CVE prevents the oxidative damage of gastric mucosa by blocking lipid peroxidation and by a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in superoxide dismutase, and an increase in catalase activity. A significant (p < 0.01) decrease occurred in the level of H(+)K(+)ATPase, volume of gastric juice and total acidity. Simultaneously, the level of gastric wall mucus and pH were increased significantly (p < 0.05). High performance thin layer chromatography analysis showed the presence of quercetin and gallic acid (0.3% and 0.25% w/w, respectively) in CVE. CONCLUSIONS Results of our study showed that C. viscosa possesses significant gastroprotective activity, probably due to free radical scavenging activity, and validates the folklore claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India.
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Abstract
Renovascular disease (RVD) can present with resistant hypertension, acute or rapidly progressive renal failure and occasionally nephrotic proteinuria. Revascularization plays an important role in controlling blood pressure and preserving renal function. It is widely believed that delay in revascularization would result in irreversible loss of renal function. However, we report a favorable outcome despite delayed revascularization in two patients of RVD- one presenting with recurrent flash pulmonary edema and other with progressive renal failure. The former's serum creatinine returned to normal despite 3 months of anuria and the latter became dialysis-independent despite 2 months of progressive decline in renal function. Both remain dialysis-free 3 years after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Medwin Hospital, Nampally, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Prakash P, Gupta E, Gupta PC, Rajpurohit V, Mathur A. Ethical aspects of operating on seropositive patients. Indian J Med Ethics 2012; 9:290-291. [PMID: 23099608 DOI: 10.20529/ijme.2012.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Prakash
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Integrated Counseling and Testing Center, Dr. S.N Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan INDIA
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Pednekar MS, Sinha DN, Singh G, Warren CW, Asma S, Gupta PC, Singh PK, Surani NS. Tobacco use and cessation counseling in India-data from the Global Health Professions Students Survey, 2005-09. Indian J Cancer 2012; 49:425-30. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Boffetta P, McLerran D, Chen Y, Inoue M, Sinha R, He J, Gupta PC, Tsugane S, Irie F, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Shu XO, Wang R, Tsuji I, Kuriyama S, Matsuo K, Satoh H, Chen CJ, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Pan WH, Gu D, Pednekar MS, Sasazuki S, Sairenchi T, Yang G, Xiang YB, Nagai M, Tanaka H, Nishino Y, You SL, Koh WP, Park SK, Shen CY, Thornquist M, Kang D, Rolland B, Feng Z, Zheng W, Potter JD. Body mass index and diabetes in Asia: a cross-sectional pooled analysis of 900,000 individuals in the Asia cohort consortium. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19930. [PMID: 21731609 PMCID: PMC3120751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of diabetes has greatly increased in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Asia, as has the prevalence of overweight and obesity; in European-derived populations, overweight and obesity are established causes of diabetes. The shape of the association of overweight and obesity with diabetes risk and its overall impact have not been adequately studied in Asia. METHODS AND FINDINGS A pooled cross-sectional analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between baseline body mass index (BMI, measured as weight in kg divided by the square of height in m) and self-reported diabetes status in over 900,000 individuals recruited in 18 cohorts from Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. Logistic regression models were fitted to calculate cohort-specific odds ratios (OR) of diabetes for categories of increasing BMI, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. OR were pooled across cohorts using a random-effects meta-analysis. The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes was 4.3% in the overall population, ranging from 0.5% to 8.2% across participating cohorts. Using the category 22.5-24.9 kg/m²) as reference, the OR for diabetes spanned from 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.31, 0.76) for BMI lower than 15.0 kg/m² to 2.23 (95% CI 1.86, 2.67) for BMI higher than 34.9 kg/m². The positive association between BMI and diabetes prevalence was present in all cohorts and in all subgroups of the study population, although the association was stronger in individuals below age 50 at baseline (p-value of interaction<0.001), in cohorts from India and Bangladesh (p<0.001), in individuals with low education (p-value 0.02), and in smokers (p-value 0.03); no differences were observed by gender, urban residence, or alcohol drinking. CONCLUSIONS This study estimated the shape and the strength of the association between BMI and prevalence of diabetes in Asian populations and identified patterns of the association by age, country, and other risk factors for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boffetta
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon, France
| | - Dale McLerran
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | | | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujiko Irie
- Department of Health and Social Services, Ibaraki Prefectural Government, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Renwei Wang
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Environmental Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Departments of Health Studies, Medicine and Human Genetics and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | | | - Shizuka Sasazuki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshimi Sairenchi
- Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Gong Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Masato Nagai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nishino
- Division of Epidemiology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Cancer Research Institute and Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mark Thornquist
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Betsy Rolland
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ziding Feng
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John D. Potter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Johnson NW, Warnakulasuriya S, Gupta PC, Dimba E, Chindia M, Otoh EC, Sankaranarayanan R, Califano J, Kowalski L. Global oral health inequalities in incidence and outcomes for oral cancer: causes and solutions. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:237-46. [PMID: 21490236 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511402082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The mouth and oropharynx are among the ten most common sites affected by cancer worldwide, but global incidence varies widely. Five-year survival rates exceed 50% in only the best treatment centers. Causes are predominantly lifestyle-related: Tobacco, areca nut, alcohol, poor diet, viral infections, and pollution are all important etiological factors. Oral cancer is a disease of the poor and dispossessed, and reducing social inequalities requires national policies co-ordinated with wider health and social initiatives - the common risk factor approach: control of the environment; safe water; adequate food; public and professional education about early signs and symptoms; early diagnosis and intervention; evidence-based treatments appropriate to available resources; and thoughtful rehabilitation and palliative care. Reductions in inequalities, both within and between countries, are more likely to accrue from the application of existing knowledge in a whole-of-society approach. Basic research aimed at determining individual predisposition and acquired genetic determinants of carcinogenesis and tumor progression, thus allowing for targeted therapies, should be pursued opportunistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Johnson
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
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Zheng W, McLerran DF, Rolland B, Zhang X, Inoue M, Matsuo K, He J, Gupta PC, Ramadas K, Tsugane S, Irie F, Tamakoshi A, Gao YT, Wang R, Shu XO, Tsuji I, Kuriyama S, Tanaka H, Satoh H, Chen CJ, Yuan JM, Yoo KY, Ahsan H, Pan WH, Gu D, Pednekar MS, Sauvaget C, Sasazuki S, Sairenchi T, Yang G, Xiang YB, Nagai M, Suzuki T, Nishino Y, You SL, Koh WP, Park SK, Chen Y, Shen CY, Thornquist M, Feng Z, Kang D, Boffetta P, Potter JD. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1 million Asians. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:719-29. [PMID: 21345101 PMCID: PMC4008249 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1010679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies that have evaluated the association between the body-mass index (BMI) and the risks of death from any cause and from specific causes have been conducted in populations of European origin. METHODS We performed pooled analyses to evaluate the association between BMI and the risk of death among more than 1.1 million persons recruited in 19 cohorts in Asia. The analyses included approximately 120,700 deaths that occurred during a mean follow-up period of 9.2 years. Cox regression models were used to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS In the cohorts of East Asians, including Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans, the lowest risk of death was seen among persons with a BMI (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) in the range of 22.6 to 27.5. The risk was elevated among persons with BMI levels either higher or lower than that range--by a factor of up to 1.5 among those with a BMI of more than 35.0 and by a factor of 2.8 among those with a BMI of 15.0 or less. A similar U-shaped association was seen between BMI and the risks of death from cancer, from cardiovascular diseases, and from other causes. In the cohorts comprising Indians and Bangladeshis, the risks of death from any cause and from causes other than cancer or cardiovascular disease were increased among persons with a BMI of 20.0 or less, as compared with those with a BMI of 22.6 to 25.0, whereas there was no excess risk of either death from any cause or cause-specific death associated with a high BMI. CONCLUSIONS Underweight was associated with a substantially increased risk of death in all Asian populations. The excess risk of death associated with a high BMI, however, was seen among East Asians but not among Indians and Bangladeshis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt–Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Sureshkumar MK, Das D, Mallia MB, Gupta PC. Adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution using chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads. J Hazard Mater 2010; 184:65-72. [PMID: 20817347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan-tripolyphosphate (CTPP) beads were prepared using in-liquid curing method and used for the adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution. Beads were prepared at two different cross-linking densities by adjusting the pH of the tripolyphosphate solution. The synthesized beads were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy before and after adsorption of uranium. Beads having higher cross-linking are found to have better adsorption capacity for uranium. Factors that influence the uranium adsorption onto CTPP beads such as solution pH, contact time and initial uranium concentration were studied in detail. The experimental results were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. From Langmuir adsorption model the adsorption capacity of CTPP beads for uranium is estimated as 236.9 mg/g. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion model were applied to the observed kinetics data and the results shows that the pseudo-second order model is more suitable to explain the kinetics of adsorption of uranium on CTPP beads. FTIR spectroscopic characterization of the beads showed that the phosphate groups may be more responsible for the adsorption of uranium on CTPP beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sureshkumar
- Radiation Safety System Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - D Das
- Fuel Reprocessing Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - M B Mallia
- Radiopharmaceutical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P C Gupta
- Radiation Safety System Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Abstract
AIM A study was carried out to understand the process of interference by the tobacco industry, to measure the compliance of the industry for displaying pictorial warnings on a tobacco product as per the packaging and labeling rules post 31st May, 2009, and to understand the public opinion on the messages conveyed through such warnings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 60 samples of tobacco products were purchased after 31 May, 2009, from the retail vendors of tobacco sellers across the country. RESULTS The government of India has from time to time, taken measures, including legislations, to control tobacco consumption. The actual implementation of these rules has been postponed repeatedly, apparently because of constant pressure exerted by the tobacco industry. The skull and bone sign hurting religious sentiments as stated by the group of ministers proved to be misleading. Later the Group of Ministers (GOM) proposed three very weak and poorly communicative pictorial health warnings to replace those recommended by the Union Health Ministry based on the inputs of the Department of Audio Visual Publicity (DAVP). The industry tried to use strategic means by displaying a dull, diluted, and watered down pictorial warning. The focus group study conducted showed that a scorpion gets associated with the product in a non-scientific manner. X-ray of the lung was hardly understood by anybody. CONCLUSION Overall the tobacco industry has constantly flouted with the law right from the policy level to its implementation by displaying dull, diluted, and poorly informed pictorial warnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Oswal
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institue for Public Health, 601/B Great Eastern Chambers, Plot no. 28, Sector 11, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400 614, India
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Sinha DN, Singh G, Gupta PC, Pednekar M, Warrn CW, Asma S, Lee J. Linking India Global Health Professions Student Survey data to the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47 Suppl 1:30-4. [PMID: 20622411 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.65177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The 2003 India Tobacco Control Act (ITCA) includes provisions designed to reduce tobacco consumption and protect citizens from exposure to secondhand smoke. India ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) on February 27, 2005. The WHO FCTC is the world's first public health treaty that aims to promote and protect public health and reduce the devastating health and economic impact of tobacco. The Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) was developed to track tobacco use among third-year dental, medical, nursing, and pharmacy students across countries. Data from the dental (2005), medical (2006), nursing(2007), and pharmacy (2008) GHPSS conducted in India showed high prevalence of tobacco use and a general lack of training by health professionals in patient cessation counseling techniques. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare could use this information to monitor and evaluate the existing tobacco control program effort in India as well as to develop and implement new tobacco control program initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Sinha
- School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
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Subramoney S, Gupta PC. Anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 2008; 128:780-781. [PMID: 19246807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
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Prignot JJ, Sasco AJ, Poulet E, Gupta PC, Aditama TY. Alternative forms of tobacco use. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:718-727. [PMID: 18544194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of the available scientific literature concerning forms of tobacco use other than regular cigarettes, cigars and pipes, the nature of such products, prevalence data and trends, health effects, regulatory issues and preventive measures. RESULTS Narghile (water pipe), bidis, kreteks and other forms of oral tobacco are traditionally used in many low-income countries, and some of these are currently spreading to the Western countries. They are all linked to negative effects similar to, and often greater than, those associated with common cigarette smoking. Various potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs), including snus, targeted at smokers aware of the health risks of regular cigarettes, have recently been developed by the tobacco industry. Their pathogenic potential varies widely and is not fully known; it is in any case greater than that of pure nicotine forms (such as medicinal nicotine). Their use as cigarette substitutes should not be considered even by inveterate smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit nicotine before further independent evaluation and control. CONCLUSIONS There is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. Like cigarettes, alternative forms of tobacco use need regulatory measures that are adapted to local situations and supplemented by preventive measures within the World Health Organization's Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.
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Gupta PC, Ray CS. Tobacco, education & health. Indian J Med Res 2007; 126:289-299. [PMID: 18032804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incontrovertible scientific evidence about tobacco use causing serious health consequences is now accepted even by the tobacco industry. Research continues to enlarge the spectrum of diseases caused by tobacco use among users as well as among nonusers exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke. This review attempts to illustrate the greater risk to adverse health outcomes among the less educated due to a greater prevalence of tobacco use among them. Numerous surveys worldwide and in India show a greater prevalence of tobacco use among the less educated and illiterate. In a large population based study in Mumbai, the odds ratios for any kind of tobacco use among the illiterate as compared to the college educated were 7.4 for males and 20.3 for females after adjusting for age and occupation. School-dropouts are more likely to take up tobacco use in childhood and adolescence. Student youth taught about the dangers of tobacco use in school are less likely to initiate tobacco use. High tobacco use among the less educated and under privileged affects them in multiple ways: (i) Tobacco users in such households, because of their nicotine addiction, prefer spending a disproportionate amount of their meager income on tobacco products, often curtailing essential expenditures for food, healthcare and education for the family. (ii) Because of high tobacco use and other factors of disadvantage connected with low educational status, they suffer more from the diseases and other health impacts caused by tobacco. This higher morbidity results in high health care expenditures, which impoverish the family further. (iii) Premature death caused by tobacco use in this under- privileged section often takes away the major wage earner in the family, plunging it into even more hardship. Tobacco use is a terrible scourge particularly of the less educated, globally and in India. Tobacco use, education and health in a human population are inter-related in ways that make sufferings and deaths caused by tobacco use even more tragic than normally realized. Tobacco use works against social and economic development and should be appropriately addressed through health education and tobacco cessation services particularly in the underprivileged, illiterate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Gupta
- Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Sinha DN, Gupta PC, Dobe M, Prasad VM. Tobacco control in schools of India: review from India Global School Personnel Survey 2006. Indian J Public Health 2007; 51:101-106. [PMID: 18240470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
School personnel are role models for students, teachers of tobacco use prevention curricula, and key influencers for tobacco control policies in schools. With their daily interactions and strong influence on their students they represent an influential group for tobacco control. Data collected through the Global School Personnel Survey during 2006 in 180 school; of 6 regions of India have shown that a large proportion (29%) of school personnel used tobacco. The scarcity of tobacco free school policies and relevant teaching materials (non existent in 62% of schools surveyed) and lack of training among school personnel (84%) reported in this study indicate the extent of undermining the scope of prevention efforts in schools to reduce adolescent tobacco use prevalence in India. Majority of school personnel in India strongly agreed that they should receive specific training to help students avoid or stop using tobacco. Training of school personnel along with introduction of comprehensive school policies and its vigorous enforcement will help adolescent students and school personnel to adopt and maintain a tobacco free lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Sinha
- School of Preventive Oncology, Patna, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal cigarette smoking has been causally associated with an increased risk for stillbirth. Preliminary reports suggest an increased risk for stillbirth with smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to investigate this association by using a house-to-house approach to recruit 1,217 women who were between 3 and 7 months' gestation. Of these, 96% were contacted after delivery to determine the pregnancy outcome. Demographic and maternal variables which were apparently associated either with stillbirth or with smokeless tobacco use (OR >or= 1.5) were included as potential confounders. Stillbirth was defined as any delivery of a dead fetus after 20 completed weeks of gestation. We used time-to-event methods to analyze the risk of stillbirth. RESULTS Overall occurrence of stillbirth among singleton deliveries in this population was 4.1%. Smokeless tobacco use was reported by 17% of women; 8.9% of smokeless tobacco users had a stillbirth compared with 3.1% among nonusers (life-table adjusted hazard ratio = 3.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.7-5.6). After adjustment by the Cox proportional hazards procedure for age, educational and socioeconomic background, working status of mother, parity, prenatal care variables, and place of delivery, the risk for stillbirth in users was 2.6 (95% confidence interval-1.4-4.8). Most women used mishri (a pyrolyzed tobacco product often used as dentifrice), and there was a dose-response relationship between the daily frequency of use and stillbirth risk. The risk of stillbirth associated with smokeless tobacco use was greater in earlier gestational periods. CONCLUSIONS Smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy increases stillbirth risk, with a risk at least as great as that associated with maternal cigarette smoking.
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Abstract
Information on 217,174 microscopically diagnosed cancers diagnosed in 2001-2002 was collected from pathology laboratories in 68 districts across India. Data collection took place primarily via the Internet. Average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for microscopically diagnosed cases (MAAR) by gender and site were calculated for each of the 593 districts in the country. The rates were compared to those from established population based cancer registries (PBCR). In 82 districts, the MAAR for 'all cancer sites' was above a "completeness" threshold of 36.2/100,000 (based on results of a rural PBCR). The results confirmed some known features of the geography of cancer in India, and brought to light new ones. Cancers of the mouth and tongue are particularly frequent in both genders in the southern states. Very high rates of nasopharynx cancer were found in the northeastern states (Nagaland, Manipur). There was clear geographic correlation between the rates of cervical and penile cancer, and a high rate of stomach and lung cancer (in both genders) in many districts of Mizoram State. The area of high risk for gallbladder cancer seems larger than suspected previously, involving a wide band of northern India. There is a belt of high incidence of thyroid cancer in females in southwest coastal districts. Other than identifying possible existence of high-risk areas of specific cancers, our study has recognized places where PBCR could be established. The study was remarkably cost-effective and the electronic data-capture methodology provides a model for health informatics in the setting of a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambakumar Nandakumar
- National Cancer Registry Programme, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bangalore, India.
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