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Hirayama Y, Le HPN, Hashimoto H, Ishii I, Koizumi S, Anzai N. Preconditioning-Induced Facilitation of Lactate Release from Astrocytes Is Essential for Brain Ischemic Tolerance. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0494-23.2024. [PMID: 38604775 PMCID: PMC11064122 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0494-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A sublethal ischemic episode [termed preconditioning (PC)] protects neurons in the brain against a subsequent severe ischemic injury. This phenomenon is known as brain ischemic tolerance and has received much attention from researchers because of its robust neuroprotective effects. We have previously reported that PC activates astrocytes and subsequently upregulates P2X7 receptors, thereby leading to ischemic tolerance. However, the downstream signals of P2X7 receptors that are responsible for PC-induced ischemic tolerance remain unknown. Here, we show that PC-induced P2X7 receptor-mediated lactate release from astrocytes has an indispensable role in this event. Using a transient focal cerebral ischemia model caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion, extracellular lactate levels during severe ischemia were significantly increased in mice who experienced PC; this increase was dependent on P2X7 receptors. In addition, the intracerebroventricular injection of lactate protected against cerebral ischemic injury. In in vitro experiments, although stimulation of astrocytes with the P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP had no effect on the protein levels of monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and MCT4 (which are responsible for lactate release from astrocytes), BzATP induced the plasma membrane translocation of these MCTs via their chaperone CD147. Importantly, CD147 was increased in activated astrocytes after PC, and CD147-blocking antibody abolished the PC-induced facilitation of astrocytic lactate release and ischemic tolerance. Taken together, our findings suggest that astrocytes induce ischemic tolerance via P2X7 receptor-mediated lactate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Ha Pham Ngoc Le
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Saito K, Shigetomi E, Shinozaki Y, Kobayashi K, Parajuli B, Kubota Y, Sakai K, Miyakawa M, Horiuchi H, Nabekura J, Koizumi S. Microglia sense astrocyte dysfunction and prevent disease progression in an Alexander disease model. Brain 2024; 147:698-716. [PMID: 37955589 PMCID: PMC10834242 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is an intractable neurodegenerative disorder caused by GFAP mutations. It is a primary astrocyte disease with a pathological hallmark of Rosenthal fibres within astrocytes. AxD astrocytes show several abnormal phenotypes. Our previous study showed that AxD astrocytes in model mice exhibit aberrant Ca2+ signals that induce AxD aetiology. Here, we show that microglia have unique phenotypes with morphological and functional alterations, which are related to the pathogenesis of AxD. Immunohistochemical studies of 60TM mice (AxD model) showed that AxD microglia exhibited highly ramified morphology. Functional changes in microglia were assessed by Ca2+ imaging using hippocampal brain slices from Iba1-GCaMP6-60TM mice and two-photon microscopy. We found that AxD microglia showed aberrant Ca2+ signals, with high frequency Ca2+ signals in both the processes and cell bodies. These microglial Ca2+ signals were inhibited by pharmacological blockade or genetic knockdown of P2Y12 receptors but not by tetrodotoxin, indicating that these signals are independent of neuronal activity but dependent on extracellular ATP from non-neuronal cells. Our single-cell RNA sequencing data showed that the expression level of Entpd2, an astrocyte-specific gene encoding the ATP-degrading enzyme NTPDase2, was lower in AxD astrocytes than in wild-type astrocytes. In situ ATP imaging using the adeno-associated virus vector GfaABC1D ATP1.0 showed that exogenously applied ATP was present longer in 60TM mice than in wild-type mice. Thus, the increased ATP level caused by the decrease in its metabolizing enzyme in astrocytes could be responsible for the enhancement of microglial Ca2+ signals. To determine whether these P2Y12 receptor-mediated Ca2+ signals in AxD microglia play a significant role in the pathological mechanism, a P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, was administered. Clopidogrel significantly exacerbated pathological markers in AxD model mice and attenuated the morphological features of microglia, suggesting that microglia play a protective role against AxD pathology via P2Y12 receptors. Taken together, we demonstrated that microglia sense AxD astrocyte dysfunction via P2Y12 receptors as an increase in extracellular ATP and alter their morphology and Ca2+ signalling, thereby protecting against AxD pathology. Although AxD is a primary astrocyte disease, our study may facilitate understanding of the role of microglia as a disease modifier, which may contribute to the clinical diversity of AxD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miho Miyakawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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Dewa KI, Arimura N, Kakegawa W, Itoh M, Adachi T, Miyashita S, Inoue YU, Hizawa K, Hori K, Honjoya N, Yagishita H, Taya S, Miyazaki T, Usui C, Tatsumoto S, Tsuzuki A, Uetake H, Sakai K, Yamakawa K, Sasaki T, Nagai J, Kawaguchi Y, Sone M, Inoue T, Go Y, Ichinohe N, Kaibuchi K, Watanabe M, Koizumi S, Yuzaki M, Hoshino M. Neuronal DSCAM regulates the peri-synaptic localization of GLAST in Bergmann glia for functional synapse formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:458. [PMID: 38302444 PMCID: PMC10834496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, astrocytes enable appropriate synapse function through glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft; however, it remains unclear how astrocytic glutamate transporters function at peri-synaptic contact. Here, we report that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) in Purkinje cells controls synapse formation and function in the developing cerebellum. Dscam-mutant mice show defects in CF synapse translocation as is observed in loss of function mutations in the astrocytic glutamate transporter GLAST expressed in Bergmann glia. These mice show impaired glutamate clearance and the delocalization of GLAST away from the cleft of parallel fibre (PF) synapse. GLAST complexes with the extracellular domain of DSCAM. Riluzole, as an activator of GLAST-mediated uptake, rescues the proximal impairment in CF synapse formation in Purkinje cell-selective Dscam-deficient mice. DSCAM is required for motor learning, but not gross motor coordination. In conclusion, the intercellular association of synaptic and astrocyte proteins is important for synapse formation and function in neural transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Dewa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nariko Arimura
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan.
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toma Adachi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miyashita
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of System Pathology for Neurological Disorders, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kento Hizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Natsumi Honjoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Haruya Yagishita
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Taya
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Division of Behavioural Neuropharmacology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Taisuke Miyazaki
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Chika Usui
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Tatsumoto
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsuzuki
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Uetake
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Saitama, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sakai
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 980-8578, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Jun Nagai
- Laboratory for Glia-Neuron Circuit Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Sone
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Saitama, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ichinohe
- Department of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Division of Cell Biology, International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712-0805, USA
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, NCNP, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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Shigetomi E, Sakai K, Koizumi S. Extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics in the brain and its role in health and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1343653. [PMID: 38304611 PMCID: PMC10830686 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1343653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and adenosine are neuromodulators that regulate numerous neuronal functions in the brain. Neuronal activity and brain insults such as ischemic and traumatic injury upregulate these neuromodulators, which exert their effects by activating purinergic receptors. In addition, extracellular ATP/adenosine signaling plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Virtually every cell type in the brain contributes to the elevation of ATP/adenosine, and various mechanisms underlying this increase have been proposed. Extracellular adenosine is thought to be mainly produced via the degradation of extracellular ATP. However, adenosine is also released from neurons and glia in the brain. Therefore, the regulation of extracellular ATP/adenosine in physiological and pathophysiological conditions is likely far more complex than previously thought. To elucidate the complex mechanisms that regulate extracellular ATP/adenosine levels, accurate methods of assessing their spatiotemporal dynamics are needed. Several novel techniques for acquiring spatiotemporal information on extracellular ATP/adenosine, including fluorescent sensors, have been developed and have started to reveal the mechanisms underlying the release, uptake and degradation of ATP/adenosine. Here, we review methods for analyzing extracellular ATP/adenosine dynamics as well as the current state of knowledge on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP/adenosine in the brain. We focus on the mechanisms used by neurons and glia to cooperatively produce the activity-dependent increase in ATP/adenosine and its physiological and pathophysiological significance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
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Le YP, Saito K, Parajuli B, Sakai K, Kubota Y, Miyakawa M, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S. Severity of Peripheral Infection Differentially Affects Brain Functions in Mice via Microglia-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17597. [PMID: 38139424 PMCID: PMC10743593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral infection induces inflammation in peripheral tissues and the brain, impacting brain function. Glial cells are key players in this process. However, the effects of peripheral infection on glial activation and brain function remain unknown. Here, we showed that varying degrees of peripheral infection had different effects on the regulation of brain functions by microglia-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Acute mild infection (one-day LPS challenge: 1LPS) exacerbated middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury, and severe infection (four-day LPS challenge: 4LPS) for one week suppressed it. MCAO injury was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. We observed early activation of microglia in the 1LPS and 4LPS groups. Depleting microglia with a colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) antagonist had no effect on 1LPS-induced brain injury exacerbation but abolished 4LPS-induced protection, indicating microglial independence and dependence, respectively. Microglia-independent exacerbation caused by 1LPS involved peripheral immune cells including macrophages. RNA sequencing analysis of 4LPS-treated microglia revealed increased factors related to anti-inflammatory and neuronal tissue repair, suggesting their association with the protective effect. In conclusion, varying degrees of peripheral inflammation had contradictory effects (exacerbation vs. protection) on MCAO, which may be attributed to microglial dependence. Our findings highlight the significant impact of peripheral infection on brain function, particularly in relation to glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Phung Le
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kent Sakai
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Miho Miyakawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan; (Y.-P.L.); (K.S.); (B.P.); (K.S.); (Y.K.); (M.M.); (Y.S.); (E.S.)
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
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Saito K, Koizumi S. A promising drug for neuropathic pain: identification of vesicular nucleotide transporter as a novel target of eicosapentaenoic acid. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:587-589. [PMID: 36627401 PMCID: PMC10754788 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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7
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Ihara T, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Danjo Y, Tsuchiya S, Kanda M, Kamiyama M, Takeda M, Koizumi S, Mitsui T. G protein-coupled receptor 55 activated by palmitoylethanolamide is associated with the development of nocturia associated with circadian rhythm disorders. Life Sci 2023; 332:122072. [PMID: 37704067 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Bladder function is regulated by clock genes and dysregulation of circadian bladder function can cause nocturia. The blood concentration of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), a fatty acid metabolite, changes with circadian rhythm. Clock gene abnormalities demonstrate the highest PEA levels during the sleep phase. PEA is a GPR55 agonist that influences urination; therefore, increased PEA during the sleep phase may cause nocturia. Herein, we investigated the function of GPR55 to evaluate the relationship between GPR55 and nocturia that evoked higher PEA during the sleep phase in patients with circadian rhythm disorders. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were used. GPR55 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. Variations in PEA-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were measured in primary cultured mouse urothelial cells (UCs) using Ca2+ imaging. PEA-induced NGF and PGI2 release in UCs was measured by ELISA. The micturition reflex pathway after PEA administration was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. KEY FINDINGS GPR55 was predominant in the UC layer. PEA induced release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum into the UC cytoplasm. ELISA and immunofluorescence staining revealed that NGF and PGI2 were released from bladder UCs, stimulated the pontine micturition center in mice, and induced nocturia. SIGNIFICANCE The loss of regular circadian metabolizing rhythm in fatty acids causes higher blood PEA levels during the sleep phase. Binding of PEA to GPR55 in UC may activate the downstream processes of the micturition reflex, leading to nocturia. These findings suggest a new mechanism for nocturia and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan.
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mie Kanda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-8587, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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8
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Kakae M, Nakajima H, Tobori S, Kawashita A, Miyanohara J, Morishima M, Nagayasu K, Nakagawa T, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S, Mori Y, Kaneko S, Shirakawa H. The astrocytic TRPA1 channel mediates an intrinsic protective response to vascular cognitive impairment via LIF production. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh0102. [PMID: 37478173 PMCID: PMC10361588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) refers to cognitive alterations caused by vascular disease, which is associated with various types of dementia. Because chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) induces VCI, we used bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mice as a CCH-induced VCI model. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), the most redox-sensitive TRP channel, is functionally expressed in the brain. Here, we investigated the pathophysiological role of TRPA1 in CCH-induced VCI. During early-stage CCH, cognitive impairment and white matter injury were induced by BCAS in TRPA1-knockout but not wild-type mice. TRPA1 stimulation with cinnamaldehyde ameliorated BCAS-induced outcomes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that BCAS increased leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in astrocytes. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide-treated TRPA1-stimulated primary astrocyte cultures expressed LIF, and culture medium derived from these cells promoted oligodendrocyte precursor cell myelination. Overall, TRPA1 in astrocytes prevents CCH-induced VCI through LIF production. Therefore, TRPA1 stimulation may be a promising therapeutic approach for VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kakae
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shota Tobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kawashita
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyanohara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misa Morishima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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9
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Parajuli B, Koizumi S. Strategies for Manipulating Microglia to Determine Their Role in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1066-1076. [PMID: 36085395 PMCID: PMC9462627 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the specialized macrophages of the central nervous system and play an important role in neural circuit development, modulating neurotransmission, and maintaining brain homeostasis. Microglia in normal brain is quiescent and show ramified morphology with numerous branching processes. They constantly survey their surrounding microenvironment through the extension and retraction of their processes and interact with neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels using these processes. Microglia respond quickly to any pathological event in the brain by assuming ameboid morphology devoid of branching processes and restore homeostasis. However, when there is chronic inflammation, microglia may lose their homeostatic functions and secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and mediators that initiate neural dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In this article, we review the role of microglia in the normal brain and in various pathological brain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. We describe strategies to manipulate microglia, focusing on depletion, repopulation, and replacement, and we discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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10
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Ono T, Yamashita T, Kano R, Inoue M, Okada S, Kano K, Koizumi S, Iwabuchi K, Hirabayashi Y, Matsuo I, Nakashima Y, Kamiguchi H, Kohro Y, Tsuda M. GPR55 contributes to neutrophil recruitment and mechanical pain induction after spinal cord compression in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:276-287. [PMID: 36898418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain transmission and processing in the nervous system are modulated by various biologically active substances, including lysophospholipids, through direct and indirect actions on the somatosensory pathway. Lysophosphatidylglucoside (LysoPtdGlc) was recently identified as a structurally unique lysophospholipid that exerts biological actions via the G protein-coupled receptor GPR55. Here, we demonstrated that GPR55-knockout (KO) mice show impaired induction of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in a model of spinal cord compression (SCC) without the same change in the models of peripheral tissue inflammation and peripheral nerve injury. Among these models, only SCC recruited peripheral inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, and CD3+ T-cells) in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH), and GPR55-KO blunted these recruitments. Neutrophils were the first cells recruited to the SDH, and their depletion suppressed the induction of SCC-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and inflammatory responses in compressed SDH. Furthermore, we found that PtdGlc was present in the SDH and that intrathecal administration of an inhibitor of secretory phospholipase A2 (an enzyme required for producing LysoPtdGlc from PtdGlc) reduced neutrophil recruitment to compressed SDH and suppressed pain induction. Finally, by screening compounds from a chemical library, we identified auranofin as a clinically used drug with an inhibitory effect on mouse and human GPR55. Systemically administered auranofin to mice with SCC effectively suppressed spinal neutrophil infiltration and pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest that GPR55 signaling contributes to the induction of inflammatory responses and chronic pain after SCC via the recruitment of neutrophils and may provide a new target for reducing pain induction after spinal cord compression, such as spinal canal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Ono
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Drug Discovery Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryota Kano
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shota Okada
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koki Kano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirabayashi
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1, Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuta Kohro
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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11
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Shigetomi E, Koizumi S. The role of astrocytes in behaviors related to emotion and motivation. Neurosci Res 2023; 187:21-39. [PMID: 36181908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are present throughout the brain and intimately interact with neurons and blood vessels. Three decades of research have shown that astrocytes reciprocally communicate with neurons and other non-neuronal cells in the brain and dynamically regulate cell function. Astrocytes express numerous receptors for neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and cytokines and receive information from neurons, other astrocytes, and other non-neuronal cells. Among those receptors, the main focus has been G-protein coupled receptors. Activation of G-protein coupled receptors leads to dramatic changes in intracellular signaling (Ca2+ and cAMP), which is considered a form of astrocyte activity. Methodological improvements in measurement and manipulation of astrocytes have advanced our understanding of the role of astrocytes in circuits and have begun to reveal unexpected functions of astrocytes in behavior. Recent studies have suggested that astrocytic activity regulates behavior flexibility, such as coping strategies for stress exposure, and plays an important role in behaviors related to emotion and motivation. Preclinical evidence suggests that impairment of astrocytic function contributes to psychiatric diseases, especially major depression. Here, we review recent progress on the role of astrocytes in behaviors related to emotion and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan; Yamanashi GLIA Center, Graduate School of Medical Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan; Yamanashi GLIA Center, Graduate School of Medical Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan.
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12
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Shinozaki Y, Saito K, Kashiwagi K, Koizumi S. Ocular P2 receptors and glaucoma. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109302. [PMID: 36341810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an energy source currency in cells, is released or leaked to the extracellular space under both physiological and pathological conditions. Extracellular ATP functions as an intercellular signaling molecule through activation of purinergic P2 receptors. Ocular tissue and cells release ATP in response to physiological stimuli such as intraocular pressure (IOP), and P2 receptor activation regulates IOP elevation or reduction. Dysregulated purinergic signaling may cause abnormally elevated IOP, which is one of the major risk factors for glaucoma. Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, is characterized by progressive degeneration of optic nerves and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which are essential retinal neurons that transduce visual information to the brain. An elevation in IOP may stress RGCs and increase the risk for glaucoma pathogenesis. In the aqueous humor of human patients with glaucoma, the ATP level is significantly elevated. Such excess amount of ATP may directly cause RGC death via a specific subtype of P2 receptors. Dysregulated purinergic signaling may also trigger inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity via activating non-neuronal cell types such as glial cells. In this review, we discussed the physiological roles of extracellular nucleotides in the ocular tissue and their potential role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Purinergic Signaling: 50 years'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Interdisciplinary Brain-Immune Research Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Interdisciplinary Brain-Immune Research Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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13
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Parajuli B, Koizumi S. [Microglia: a potential target for neurological disorder]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2023; 158:353-358. [PMID: 37673609 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.23005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system. They play an important role in maintaining brain homeostasis by constantly surveying their surrounding microenvironment. During pathological event in the brain, microglia respond quickly to restore homeostasis by clearing damaged cells and secreting various proinflammatory mediators. However, during chronic inflammation, their homeostatic functions is lost and they secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and mediators that induce neural dysfunction and neurodegeneration. These microglia mediated tissue damage plays an important role in pathogenesis of various neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Microglia require colony receptor factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-mediated signals for their survival. Recently, CSF1R antagonist has been used to deplete microglia, reset microglia by forced depletion and repopulation or depletion followed by transplantation with new microglia as a therapeutic strategy for various neurological disorders. In this article, we describe the role of microglia in the in various neurological disorders, and discuss potential therapeutic strategy to manipulate microglia by depletion, resetting and transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi
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14
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Koizumi S. I. Significance of glial assembly in health and diseases of the brain. J Stem Cells Regen Med 2022; 18:66-67. [PMID: 36713797 PMCID: PMC9837698 DOI: 10.46582/jsrm.1802012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Dept of Neuropharmacology and Glia centre, Yamanashi University, Chuo, Japan
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15
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Shinozaki Y, Leung A, Namekata K, Saitoh S, Nguyen HB, Takeda A, Danjo Y, Morizawa YM, Shigetomi E, Sano F, Yoshioka N, Takebayashi H, Ohno N, Segawa T, Miyake K, Kashiwagi K, Harada T, Ohnuma SI, Koizumi S. Astrocytic dysfunction induced by ABCA1 deficiency causes optic neuropathy. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq1081. [PMID: 36332025 PMCID: PMC9635836 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Astrocyte abnormalities have received great attention for their association with various diseases in the brain but not so much in the eye. Recent independent genome-wide association studies of glaucoma, optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, and vision loss found that single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ABCA1 locus were common risk factors. Here, we show that Abca1 loss in retinal astrocytes causes glaucoma-like optic neuropathy in aged mice. ABCA1 was highly expressed in retinal astrocytes in mice. Thus, we generated macroglia-specific Abca1-deficient mice (Glia-KO) and found that aged Glia-KO mice had RGC degeneration and ocular dysfunction without affected intraocular pressure, a conventional risk factor for glaucoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that Abca1 deficiency in aged Glia-KO mice caused astrocyte-triggered inflammation and increased the susceptibility of certain RGC clusters to excitotoxicity. Together, astrocytes play a pivotal role in eye diseases, and loss of ABCA1 in astrocytes causes glaucoma-like neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Alex Leung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Saitoh
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMP), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Akiko Takeda
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke M. Morizawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yoshioka
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, NIPS, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kunio Miyake
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ohnuma
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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16
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Manita S, Shigetomi E, Bito H, Koizumi S, Kitamura K. <em>In Vivo</em> Wide-Field and Two-Photon Calcium Imaging from a Mouse using a Large Cranial Window. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/64224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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17
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Koizumi S, Hirayama Y. Ischemic Tolerance Induced by Glial Cells. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2522-2528. [PMID: 35920970 PMCID: PMC9463280 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic tolerance is a phenomenon in which resistance to subsequent invasive ischemia is acquired by a preceding noninvasive ischemic application, and is observed in many organs, including the brain, the organ most vulnerable to ischemic insult. To date, much research has been conducted on cerebral ischemic tolerance as a cell-autonomous action of neurons. In this article, we review the essential roles of microglia and astrocytes in the acquisition of ischemic tolerance through neuron-non-autonomous mechanisms, where the two types of glial cells function in a concerted manner to induce ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Yamanashi, Japan. .,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 409-3898, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 260-8670, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Takeda I, Yoshihara K, Cheung DL, Kobayashi T, Agetsuma M, Tsuda M, Eto K, Koizumi S, Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Nabekura J. Controlled activation of cortical astrocytes modulates neuropathic pain-like behaviour. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4100. [PMID: 35835747 PMCID: PMC9283422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major public health problem that currently lacks effective treatment options. Here, a method that can modulate chronic pain-like behaviour induced by nerve injury in mice is described. By combining a transient nerve block to inhibit noxious afferent input from injured peripheral nerves, with concurrent activation of astrocytes in the somatosensory cortex (S1) by either low intensity transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or via the chemogenetic DREADD system, we could reverse allodynia-like behaviour previously established by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). Such activation of astrocytes initiated spine plasticity to reduce those synapses formed shortly after PSL. This reversal from allodynia-like behaviour persisted well beyond the active treatment period. Thus, our study demonstrates a robust and potentially translational approach for modulating pain, that capitalizes on the interplay between noxious afferents, sensitized central neuronal circuits, and astrocyte-activation induced synaptic plasticity. Astrocytes may contribute to synaptic remodelling in the cortex in chronic pain states. Here the authors describe modulation of astrocyte activity to drive circuit reorganization in somatosensory cortex in mice, along with peripheral nerve block, which could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Takeda
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kohei Yoshihara
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dennis L Cheung
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kobayashi
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Agetsuma
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wake
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Multicellular Circuit Dynamics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Center of Optical Scattering Image Science Department of Systems Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Andrew J Moorhouse
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Physiological Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama, Japan.
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19
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Parajuli B, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S. Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Microglia in Immunocompetent Mice Brain via Non-invasive Transnasal Route. J Vis Exp 2022. [DOI: 10.3791/63574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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20
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Hayashi K, Sasaki H, Mugita T, Tomiyama T, Koizumi S, Kurokawa I, Matsubara E, Saito K, Fuji K, Ishikawa K, Fukagai T. Effect of long-term administration of Tadalafil on arteriosclerosis: A prospective cohort study. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Hayashi K, Sasaki H, Mugita T, Tomiyama T, Koizumi S, Kurokawa I, Saito K, Fuji K, Ishikawa K, Fukagai T. Association between vascular lesion and penile erection hardness in Japanese patients with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.03.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Danjo Y, Shigetomi E, Hirayama YJ, Kobayashi K, Ishikawa T, Fukazawa Y, Shibata K, Takanashi K, Parajuli B, Shinozaki Y, Kim SK, Nabekura J, Koizumi S. Transient astrocytic mGluR5 expression drives synaptic plasticity and subsequent chronic pain in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213089. [PMID: 35319723 PMCID: PMC8952801 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of astrocytes has a profound effect on brain plasticity and is critical for the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders including neuropathic pain. Here, we show that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which reemerges in astrocytes in a restricted time frame, is essential for these functions. Although mGluR5 is absent in healthy adult astrocytes, it transiently reemerges in astrocytes of the somatosensory cortex (S1). During a limited spatiotemporal time frame, astrocytic mGluR5 drives Ca2+ signals; upregulates multiple synaptogenic molecules such as Thrombospondin-1, Glypican-4, and Hevin; causes excess excitatory synaptogenesis; and produces persistent alteration of S1 neuronal activity, leading to mechanical allodynia. All of these events were abolished by the astrocyte-specific deletion of mGluR5. Astrocytes dynamically control synaptic plasticity by turning on and off a single molecule, mGluR5, which defines subsequent persistent brain functions, especially under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yukiho J Hirayama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yugo Fukazawa
- Division of Brain Structure and Function, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenta Takanashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate School for Advanced Study, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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23
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Ihara T, Shimura H, Tsuchiya S, Kanda M, Kira S, Sawada N, Takeda M, Mitsui T, Shigetomi E, Shinozaki Y, Koizumi S. Effects of fatty acid metabolites on nocturia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3050. [PMID: 35197540 PMCID: PMC8866436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of circadian rhythm can cause nocturia. Levels of fatty acid metabolites, such as palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), 9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), and 4-hydroxy-5E,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (4-HDoHE), are higher in the serum of patients with nocturia; however, the reason remains unknown. Here, we investigated the circadian rhythm of fatty acid metabolites and their effect on voiding in mice. WT and Clock mutant (ClockΔ19/Δ19) mice, a model for nocturia with circadian rhythm disorder, were used. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHEl were measured every 8 h using LC/MS. Voiding pattern was recorded using metabolic cages after administration of PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE to WT mice. Levels of serum PEA and 9-HODE fluctuated with circadian rhythm in WT mice, which were lower during the light phase. In contrast, circadian PEA and 9-HODE level deteriorated or retreated in ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Levels of serum PEA, 9-HODE, and 4-HDoHE were higher in ClockΔ19/Δ19 than in WT mice. Voiding frequency increased in PEA- and 4-HDoHE-administered mice. Bladder capacity decreased in PEA-administered mice. The changes of these bladder functions in mice were similar to those in elderly humans with nocturia. These findings highlighted the novel effect of lipids on the pathology of nocturia. These may be used for development of biomarkers and better therapies for nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimura
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Mie Kanda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoru Kira
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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24
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Konishi H, Koizumi S, Kiyama H. Phagocytic astrocytes: Emerging from the shadows of microglia. Glia 2022; 70:1009-1026. [PMID: 35142399 PMCID: PMC9305589 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elimination of dead or live cells take place in both a healthy and diseased central nervous system (CNS). Dying or dead cells are quickly cleared by phagocytosis for the maintenance of a healthy CNS or for recovery after injury. Live cells or parts thereof, such as the synapses and myelin, are appropriately eliminated by phagocytosis to maintain or refine neural networks during development and adulthood. Microglia, the specific population of resident macrophages in the CNS, are classically considered as primary phagocytes; however, astrocytes have also been highlighted as phagocytes in the last decade. Phagocytic targets and receptors are reported to be mostly common between astrocytes and microglia, which raises the question of how astrocytic phagocytosis differs from microglial phagocytosis, and how these two phagocytic systems cooperate. In this review, we address the consequences of astrocytic phagocytosis, particularly focusing on these elusive points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Konishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyama
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Abstract
Emotion-related neural networks are regulated in part by the activity of glial cells, and glial dysfunction can be directly related to emotional diseases such as depression. Here, we discuss three different therapeutic strategies involving astrocytes that are effective for treating depression. First, the antidepressant, fluoxetine, acts on astrocytes and increases exocytosis of ATP. This has therapeutic effects via brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent mechanisms. Second, electroconvulsive therapy is a well-known treatment for drug-resistant depression. Electroconvulsive therapy releases ATP from astrocytes to induce leukemia inhibitory factors and fibroblast growth factor 2, which leads to antidepressive actions. Finally, sleep deprivation therapy is well-known to cause antidepressive effects. Sleep deprivation also increases release of ATP, whose metabolite, adenosine, has antidepressive effects. These independent treatments share the same mechanism, i.e., ATP release from astrocytes, indicating an essential role of glial purinergic signals in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Schuichi Koizumi
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26
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Danjo Y, Shinozaki Y, Natsubori A, Kubota Y, Kashiwagi K, Tanaka KF, Koizumi S. The Mlc1 Promoter Directs Müller Cell-specific Gene Expression in the Retina. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35040915 PMCID: PMC8764212 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Because the importance of glia in regulating brain functions has been demonstrated, genetic technologies that manipulate glial cell-specific gene expression in the brain have become essential and have made great progress. However, it is unknown whether the same strategy that is used in the brain can be applied to the retina because retinal glia differs from glia in the brain. Here, we aimed to find a method for selective gene expression in Müller cells (characteristic glial cells in the retina) and identified Mlc1 as a specific promoter of Müller cells. Methods Mlc1-tTA::Yellow-Cameleon-NanotetO/tetO (YC-Nano) mice were used as a reporter line. YC-Nano, a fluorescent protein, was ectopically expressed in the cell type controlled by the Mlc1 promotor. Immunofluorescence staining was used to identify the cell type expressing YC-Nano protein. Results YC-Nano-positive (+) signals were observed as vertical stalks in the sliced retina and spanned from the nerve fiber layer through the outer nuclear layer. The density of YC-Nano+ cells was higher around the optic nerve head and lower in the peripheral retina. The YC-Nano+ signals colocalized with vimentin, a marker of Müller cells, but not with the cell markers for blood vessels, microglia, neurons, or astrocytes. Conclusions The Mlc1 promoter allows us to manipulate gene expression in Müller cells without affecting astrocytes in the retina. Translational Relevance Gene manipulation under control of Mlc1 promoter offers novel technique to investigate the role of Müller cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Akiyo Natsubori
- Sleep Disorders Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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27
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Koizumi S, Shigetomi E, Sano F, Saito K, Kim SK, Nabekura J. Abnormal Ca 2+ Signals in Reactive Astrocytes as a Common Cause of Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:149. [PMID: 35008573 PMCID: PMC8745111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In pathological brain conditions, glial cells become reactive and show a variety of responses. We examined Ca2+ signals in pathological brains and found that reactive astrocytes share abnormal Ca2+ signals, even in different types of diseases. In a neuropathic pain model, astrocytes in the primary sensory cortex became reactive and showed frequent Ca2+ signals, resulting in the production of synaptogenic molecules, which led to misconnections of tactile and pain networks in the sensory cortex, thus causing neuropathic pain. In an epileptogenic model, hippocampal astrocytes also became reactive and showed frequent Ca2+ signals. In an Alexander disease (AxD) model, hGFAP-R239H knock-in mice showed accumulation of Rosenthal fibers, a typical pathological marker of AxD, and excessively large Ca2+ signals. Because the abnormal astrocytic Ca2+ signals observed in the above three disease models are dependent on type II inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3RII), we reanalyzed these pathological events using IP3RII-deficient mice and found that all abnormal Ca2+ signals and pathologies were markedly reduced. These findings indicate that abnormal Ca2+ signaling is not only a consequence but may also be greatly involved in the cause of these diseases. Abnormal Ca2+ signals in reactive astrocytes may represent an underlying pathology common to multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; (E.S.); (F.S.); (K.S.)
- GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan;
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28
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Koizumi S. Glial pharmacology in Asia & Beyond. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00881. [PMID: 34676997 PMCID: PMC8532131 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of NeuropharmacologyGraduate School of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
- GLIA CenterUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
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29
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Takanashi K, Shibata K, Mizuno K, Komatsu R, Koizumi S. Goshajinkigan attenuates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via cortical astrocytes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00850. [PMID: 34676996 PMCID: PMC8532134 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agents platinum derivatives and taxanes such as paclitaxel (PCX) often cause neuropathy known as chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy with high frequency. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying such neuropathy largely remain unknown. Here, we show new findings that the effect of Goshajinkigan (GJG), a Japanese KAMPO medicine, inhibits PCX‐induced neuropathy by acting on astrocytes. The administration of PCX in mice caused the sustained neuropathy lasting at least 4 weeks, which included mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia but not cold allodynia. PCX‐evoked pain behaviors were associated with the sensitization of all primary afferent fibers. PCX did not activate microglia or astrocytes in the spinal cord. However, it significantly activated astrocytes in the primary sensory (S1) cortex without affecting S1 microglial activation there. GJG significantly inhibited the PCX‐induced mechanical allodynia by 50% and thermal hyperalgesia by 90%, which was in accordance with the abolishment of astrocytic activation in the S1 cortex. Finally, the inhibition of S1 astrocytes by an astrocyte‐toxin L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid abolished the PCX‐induced neuropathy. Our findings suggest that astrocytes in the S1 cortex would play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCX‐induced neuropathy and are a potential target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Takanashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuno
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.,Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co, Inashiki-gun, Japan
| | - Ryohei Komatsu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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30
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Tanaka M, Shigetomi E, Parajuli B, Nagatomo H, Shinozaki Y, Hirayama Y, Saito K, Kubota Y, Danjo Y, Lee JH, Kim SK, Nabekura J, Koizumi S. Adenosine A 2B receptor down-regulates metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in astrocytes during postnatal development. Glia 2021; 69:2546-2558. [PMID: 34339538 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in astrocytes is a key molecule for controlling synapse remodeling. Although mGluR5 is abundant in neonatal astrocytes, its level is gradually down-regulated during development and is almost absent in the adult. However, in several pathological conditions, mGluR5 re-emerges in adult astrocytes and contributes to disease pathogenesis by forming uncontrolled synapses. Thus, controlling mGluR5 expression in astrocyte is critical for several diseases, but the mechanism that regulates mGluR5 expression remains unknown. Here, we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP)/adenosine-mediated signals down-regulate mGluR5 in astrocytes. First, in situ Ca2+ imaging of astrocytes in acute cerebral slices from post-natal day (P)7-P28 mice showed that Ca2+ responses evoked by (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG), a mGluR5 agonist, decreased during development, whereas those evoked by ATP or its metabolite, adenosine, increased. Second, ATP and adenosine suppressed expression of the mGluR5 gene, Grm5, in cultured astrocytes. Third, the decrease in the DHPG-evoked Ca2+ responses was associated with down-regulation of Grm5. Interestingly, among several adenosine (P1) receptor and ATP (P2) receptor genes, only the adenosine A2B receptor gene, Adora2b, was up-regulated in the course of development. Indeed, we observed that down-regulation of Grm5 was suppressed in Adora2b knockout astrocytes at P14 and in situ Ca2+ imaging from Adora2b knockout mice indicated that the A2B receptor inhibits mGluR5 expression in astrocytes. Furthermore, deletion of A2B receptor increased the number of excitatory synapse in developmental stage. Taken together, the A2B receptor is critical for down-regulation of mGluR5 in astrocytes, which would contribute to terminate excess synaptogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagatomo
- Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuto Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Ji Hwan Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Kwang Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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31
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Hamada K, Shinozaki Y, Namekata K, Matsumoto M, Ohno N, Segawa T, Kashiwagi K, Harada T, Koizumi S. Loss of P2Y 1 receptors triggers glaucoma-like pathology in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4552-4571. [PMID: 34309010 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, damages the retinal ganglion cells. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a high-risk factor for glaucoma, so topical hypotensive drugs are usually used for treatment. Because not all patients do not respond adequately to current treatments, there is a need to identify a new molecular target to reduce IOP. Here, we have assessed the role of P2Y1 receptors in mediating elevated IOP. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH P2Y1 receptor agonist was instilled into the eyes of mice, and the IOP changes were measured by a rebound-type tonometer. Expression of P2Y1 receptors was estimated by immunohistochemistry. Ocular function was measured by a multifocal electroretinogram. KEY RESULTS A single dose of the P2Y1 receptor agonist transiently reduced IOP and such effects were absent in P2Y1 receptor-deficient (P2Y1 KO) mice. P2Y1 receptors were functionally expressed in the ciliary body, trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. Activation of P2Y1 receptors negatively regulated aquaporin 4 (AQP4) function but up-regulated endothelial NOS (eNOS). P2Y1 KO mice showed chronic ocular hypertension regardless of age. P2Y1 KO mice at 3 months old showed no damage to retinal ganglion cells, whereas 12-month-old mice showed a significant loss of these cells and impairment of ocular functions. Damage to retinal ganglion cells was attenuated by chronic administration of an IOP-reducing agent. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of P2Y1 receptors reduced IOP via dual pathways including AQP4 and eNOS. Loss of P2Y1 receptors resulted in glaucomatous optic neuropathy, suggesting that P2Y1 receptors might provide an effective target in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hamada
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Segawa
- Center for Life Science Research, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Kashiwagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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32
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Parajuli B, Saito H, Shinozaki Y, Shigetomi E, Miwa H, Yoneda S, Tanimura M, Omachi S, Asaki T, Takahashi K, Fujita M, Nakashima K, Koizumi S. Transnasal transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia to the brain of immunocompetent mice. Glia 2021; 69:2332-2348. [PMID: 34309082 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain, and play essential roles in neuronal development, homeostatic function, and neurodegenerative disease. Human microglia are relatively different from mouse microglia. However, most research on human microglia is performed in vitro, which does not accurately represent microglia characteristics under in vivo conditions. To elucidate the in vivo characteristics of human microglia, methods have been developed to generate and transplant induced pluripotent or embryonic stem cell-derived human microglia into neonatal or adult mouse brains. However, its widespread use remains limited by the technical difficulties of generating human microglia, as well as the need to use immune-deficient mice and conduct invasive surgeries. To address these issues, we developed a simplified method to generate induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia and transplant them into the brain via a transnasal route in immunocompetent mice, in combination with a colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist. We found that human microglia were able to migrate through the cribriform plate to different regions of the brain, proliferate, and become the dominant microglia in a region-specific manner by occupying the vacant niche when exogenous human cytokine is administered, for at least 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Saito
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sosuke Yoneda
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Tanimura
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Omachi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Asaki
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Takahashi
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Fujita
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Disease Research, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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33
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Kinoshita M, Ogawa Y, Hama N, Ujiie I, Hasegawa A, Nakajima S, Nomura T, Adachi J, Sato T, Koizumi S, Shimada S, Fujita Y, Takahashi H, Mizukawa Y, Tomonaga T, Nagao K, Abe R, Kawamura T. Neutrophils initiate and exacerbate Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/600/eaax2398. [PMID: 34193610 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening mucocutaneous adverse drug reactions characterized by massive epidermal detachment. Cytotoxic T cells and associated effector molecules are known to drive SJS/TEN pathophysiology, but the contribution of innate immune responses is not well understood. We describe a mechanism by which neutrophils triggered inflammation during early phases of SJS/TEN. Skin-infiltrating CD8+ T cells produced lipocalin-2 in a drug-specific manner, which triggered the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in early lesional skin. Neutrophils undergoing NETosis released LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, which induced formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) expression by keratinocytes. FPR1 expression caused keratinocytes to be vulnerable to necroptosis that caused further release of LL-37 by necroptotic keratinocytes and induced FPR1 expression on surrounding keratinocytes, which likely amplified the necroptotic response. The NETs-necroptosis axis was not observed in less severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, or neutrophil-associated disorders, suggesting that this was a process specific to SJS/TEN. Initiation and progression of SJS/TEN keratinocyte necroptosis appear to involve a cascade of events mediated by innate and adaptive immune responses, and understanding these responses may contribute to the identification of diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for these adverse drug reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Hama
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Inkin Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akito Hasegawa
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizukawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug Discovery, Center for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagao
- Cutaneous Leukocyte Biology Section, Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riichiro Abe
- Division of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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34
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Koizumi S. [Preface]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:224. [PMID: 34193700 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Saito K, Shigetomi E, Koizumi S. [Alexander disease: diversity of cell population and interactions between neuron and glia]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2021; 156:239-243. [PMID: 34193704 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.21028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by the mutations in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene. Rosenthal fiber formations in astrocytes are the pathological hallmarks of AxD. Astrocyte dysfunction in the AxD brain is considered to be involved in its pathogenesis. We have previously reported that in AxD model mice aberrant Ca2+ signals in astrocytes were associated with the upregulation of reactive phenotype. Reactive astrocytes are conditions that lead to morphological, functional, and molecular changes by responding to various pathological insults (trauma, inflammation, ischemia), and environmental stimuli. Recent technological advances in single-cell gene expression analysis have revealed that astrocytes have heterogeneity by indicating that they form sub population with different characteristics depending on the brain region, the growth development, aging stage, and the pathological condition. AxD astrocytes are also thought to constitute a heterogeneous population with diverse properties and functions. Moreover, it is presumed that AxD pathogenesis occur due to interactions with neurons and other glial cells, as well as the microenvironment in tissues. Research strategies based on these perspectives will help us understand AxD pathology better and may lead to the elucidation of disease modifiers and clinical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmcology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmcology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmcology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine
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36
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Koizumi S. [Glial Assembly and Brain Diseases]. Brain Nerve 2021; 73:781-786. [PMID: 34234035 DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416201835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells function as an "assembly". This functional unit "glial assembly" is essential for understanding the role of glial cells in the regulation of brain function, especially during various brain diseases. Glial assembly also plays an essential role in the process of acquiring so-called "ischemic tolerance," in which resistance to subsequent invasive strokes is acquired after experiencing a non-invasive minor stroke. This paper describes the mechanism of neuronal protection by the glial assembly of microglia and astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine
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37
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Okamoto T, Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Ihara T, Shimada S, Koizumi S, Kawamura T. Mechanical stretch-induced ATP release from keratinocytes triggers Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:60-62. [PMID: 34187740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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38
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Hirayama Y, Anzai N, Koizumi S. Mechanisms underlying sensitization of P2X7 receptors in astrocytes for induction of ischemic tolerance. Glia 2021; 69:2100-2110. [PMID: 34076906 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that noninvasive mild ischemia (preconditioning; PC) induced ischemic tolerance by upregulation of P2X7 receptors in astrocytes via a hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent mechanism. The P2X7 receptor is known as a low-sensitivity P2 receptor that requires a high extracellular ATP (eATP) concentration for activation. PC increased the eATP level but was not sufficient to activate P2X7 receptors. Here, we show that astrocytes possess an elaborate mechanism for activation of P2X7 receptors, thus contributing to ischemic tolerance. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) was shown to increase the sensitivity of P2X7 receptors to eATP via ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase 2 (ARTC2)-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation in peripheral immune cells. Although ARTC2-positive signals were mostly absent in the naïve brain, they were selectively increased in astrocytes by PC. The spatiotemporal pattern of PC-evoked ARTC2 was well associated with that of P2X7 receptors. In the in vitro experiments, NAD+ increased the sensitivity of P2X7 receptors to ATP, and at higher concentrations, NAD+ itself activated P2X7 receptors without eATP in cultured astrocytes. In the in vivo experiments using middle cerebral artery occlusion model mice, the PC-evoked increase in HIF-1α in astrocytes was abolished by the ARTC2 inhibitor S + 16a. S + 16a also abolished PC-evoked ischemic tolerance. Taken together, the results suggested that P2X7 receptors can be sensitized to ATP by NAD+ /ARTC2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation, which allows astrocytes to drive P2X7 receptor-mediated ischemic tolerance even though PC only slightly increases the amount of eATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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39
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Sano F, Shigetomi E, Shinozaki Y, Tsuzukiyama H, Saito K, Mikoshiba K, Horiuchi H, Cheung DL, Nabekura J, Sugita K, Aihara M, Koizumi S. Reactive astrocyte-driven epileptogenesis is induced by microglia initially activated following status epilepticus. JCI Insight 2021; 6:135391. [PMID: 33830944 PMCID: PMC8262323 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive activation of glial cells during a latent period has been well documented in various animal models of epilepsy. However, it remains unclear whether activated glial cells contribute to epileptogenesis, i.e., the chronically persistent process leading to epilepsy. Particularly, it is not clear whether interglial communication between different types of glial cells contributes to epileptogenesis, because past literature has mainly focused on one type of glial cell. Here, we show that temporally distinct activation profiles of microglia and astrocytes collaboratively contributed to epileptogenesis in a drug-induced status epilepticus model. We found that reactive microglia appeared first, followed by reactive astrocytes and increased susceptibility to seizures. Reactive astrocytes exhibited larger Ca2+ signals mediated by IP3R2, whereas deletion of this type of Ca2+ signaling reduced seizure susceptibility after status epilepticus. Immediate, but not late, pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation prevented subsequent reactive astrocytes, aberrant astrocyte Ca2+ signaling, and the enhanced seizure susceptibility. These findings indicate that the sequential activation of glial cells constituted a cause of epileptogenesis after status epilepticus. Thus, our findings suggest that the therapeutic target to prevent epilepsy after status epilepticus should be shifted from microglia (early phase) to astrocytes (late phase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Sano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, and.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsuzukiyama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kozo Saito
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Dennis Lawrence Cheung
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kanji Sugita
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Masao Aihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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40
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Escartin C, Galea E, Lakatos A, O'Callaghan JP, Petzold GC, Serrano-Pozo A, Steinhäuser C, Volterra A, Carmignoto G, Agarwal A, Allen NJ, Araque A, Barbeito L, Barzilai A, Bergles DE, Bonvento G, Butt AM, Chen WT, Cohen-Salmon M, Cunningham C, Deneen B, De Strooper B, Díaz-Castro B, Farina C, Freeman M, Gallo V, Goldman JE, Goldman SA, Götz M, Gutiérrez A, Haydon PG, Heiland DH, Hol EM, Holt MG, Iino M, Kastanenka KV, Kettenmann H, Khakh BS, Koizumi S, Lee CJ, Liddelow SA, MacVicar BA, Magistretti P, Messing A, Mishra A, Molofsky AV, Murai KK, Norris CM, Okada S, Oliet SHR, Oliveira JF, Panatier A, Parpura V, Pekna M, Pekny M, Pellerin L, Perea G, Pérez-Nievas BG, Pfrieger FW, Poskanzer KE, Quintana FJ, Ransohoff RM, Riquelme-Perez M, Robel S, Rose CR, Rothstein JD, Rouach N, Rowitch DH, Semyanov A, Sirko S, Sontheimer H, Swanson RA, Vitorica J, Wanner IB, Wood LB, Wu J, Zheng B, Zimmer ER, Zorec R, Sofroniew MV, Verkhratsky A. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:312-325. [PMID: 33589835 PMCID: PMC8007081 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 961] [Impact Index Per Article: 320.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Escartin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Elena Galea
- Institut de Neurociències and Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - András Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James P O'Callaghan
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gabor C Petzold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Division of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Alzheimer Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Steinhäuser
- Institute of Cellular Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Carmignoto
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Amit Agarwal
- The Chica and Heinz Schaller Research Group, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfonso Araque
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dwight E Bergles
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilles Bonvento
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Arthur M Butt
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- 'Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit' Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241 CNRS, Unité1050 INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Colm Cunningham
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute & Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bart De Strooper
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, VIB and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University College London, London, UK
| | - Blanca Díaz-Castro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe) and Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington DC, USA
| | - James E Goldman
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Science and Rigshospitalet, Kobenhavn N, Denmark
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet & Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
- Synergy, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Gutiérrez
- Dpto. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dieter H Heiland
- Microenvironment and Immunology Research Laboratory, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew G Holt
- Laboratory of Glia Biology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masamitsu Iino
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ksenia V Kastanenka
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Cellular Neurosciences, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science 55, Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Ophthalmology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Centre de Neurosciences Psychiatriques, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Site de Cery, Prilly-Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albee Messing
- Waisman Center and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Anna V Molofsky
- Departments of Psychiatry/Weill Institute for Neuroscience University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Keith K Murai
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Stéphane H R Oliet
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - João F Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's -PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Campus of IPCA, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Aude Panatier
- Université de Bordeaux, Inserm, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marcela Pekna
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milos Pekny
- Laboratory of Astrocyte Biology and CNS Regeneration, Center for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luc Pellerin
- INSERM U1082, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz G Pérez-Nievas
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frank W Pfrieger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kira E Poskanzer
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. Associate Member, The Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Miriam Riquelme-Perez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, MIRCen, Laboratoire des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Stefanie Robel
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, School of Neuroscience Virginia Tech, Riverside Circle, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathalie Rouach
- Neuroglial Interactions in Cerebral Physiology and Pathologies, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR 7241, INSERM U1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University Paris, Paris, France
| | - David H Rowitch
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Swetlana Sirko
- Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Sontheimer
- Virginia Tech School of Neuroscience and Center for Glial Biology in Health, Disease and Cancer, Virginia Tech at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymond A Swanson
- Dept. of Neurology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Javier Vitorica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Dept. Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla, Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ina-Beate Wanner
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, IDDRC, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Levi B Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiaqian Wu
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla; VA San Diego Research Service, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica Biomedical, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michael V Sofroniew
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Shinozaki Y, Koizumi S. Potential roles of astrocytes and Müller cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 145:262-267. [PMID: 33602506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy and the leading cause of blindness, is characterized by impairment or degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which transmit visual information to the brain. Currently, 70 million people worldwide are affected by glaucoma. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor of glaucoma, directly damages RGCs. However, a substantial proportion of glaucoma patients have a normal IOP level. In particular, over 90% of Japanese glaucoma patients are reported to have normal IOP levels. Thus, a new focus for glaucoma pathology has emerged. Glial cells contribute to tissue homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, glial cells become reactive, lose their homeostatic functions, and gain neurotoxic functions, which trigger neurodegeneration in several diseases including glaucoma. Reactive glial cells have been identified in the eyes of glaucoma patients. In a glaucoma animal model, reactive glial cells are observed at early stages of the disease when RGCs are intact, indicating the possible role of glial cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. In this review, we introduce potential roles of glial cells in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. We focus on the roles of the ocular macroglial cells such as astrocytes and Müller cells, and discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Interdisciplinary Brain-Immune Research Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan; Interdisciplinary Brain-Immune Research Center, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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42
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Yoshida K, Ito MA, Sato N, Obayashi K, Yamamoto K, Koizumi S, Tanaka S, Furuta K, Matsuoka I. Extracellular ATP Augments Antigen-Induced Murine Mast Cell Degranulation and Allergic Responses via P2X4 Receptor Activation. J Immunol 2020; 204:3077-3085. [PMID: 32358018 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP released from stimulated and/or damaged cells modulates physiological responses via stimulation of various purinoceptors. We previously showed that ATP potentiated the Ag-induced mast cell (MC) degranulation via purinoceptors pharmacologically similar to the ionotropic P2X4 receptor. In this study, we investigated the role of P2X4 receptor in MC degranulation induced by stimulation of IgE-FcεRI complex with Ag, using bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) prepared from wild type and P2X4 receptor-deficient (P2rx4-/- ) mice. ATP significantly increased Ag-induced degranulation in BMMCs prepared from wild type mice. This effect of ATP was reduced in BMMCs prepared from P2rx4-/- mice. The potentiating effect of ATP was restored by expressing P2X4 receptor in P2rx4-/- BMMCs. The P2X4 receptor-mediated effects were maintained even after differentiating into the connective tissue-type MCs. P2X4 receptor stimulation did not affect the Ag-induced Ca2+ response but enhanced Ag-induced early signals, such as tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase C-γ. Interestingly, these effects of ATP on Syk phosphorylation were not impaired by pretreatment with Cu2+, an inhibitor of the P2X4 receptor channel, or removal of external Ca2+, suggesting that a mechanisms other than Ca2+ influx through ion channel activity may be involved. In vivo experiments revealed that systemic and intradermal passive anaphylaxis responses were significantly alleviated in P2rx4-/- mice. Taken together, the present data suggest that the P2X4 receptor plays an essential role in ATP-induced upregulation of MC degranulation in response to Ag, and also contributes to the Ag-induced allergic response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Ito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Naoko Sato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kosuke Obayashi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan; and
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Department of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Isao Matsuoka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan;
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Abstract
Glaucoma, progressive optic neuropathy, is the first cause of blindness in Japan. Blindness in this disease is induced by damages or degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), retinal neurons transmit visual information to brain. An elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is widely recognized as one of the most important risk factors and that IOP directly damages RGCs by mechanical stress, however, accumulating evidences have shown that a majority of Japanese patients for primary open angle glaucoma shows normal level of IOP. Thus, new target for glaucoma pathology is emerged. In this issue, we introduce potential roles of glial cells for pathogenesis of glaucoma. In the CNS, reactive gliosis has been recognized in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Such glial activation is also found in retinae of human glaucoma patients and animal models. Importantly, glial activation precedes RGS degeneration, indicating the possibility that reactive glial cells actively contribute to pathogenesis of glaucoma. In this issue, we will focus on macroglial cells such as Muller cells and astrocytes, and discuss their roles in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Danjo
- Dept. Neuropharmacol., Interdisciplinary Grad. Sch. Med., Univ. Yamanashi
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Dept. Neuropharmacol., Interdisciplinary Grad. Sch. Med., Univ. Yamanashi
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Dept. Neuropharmacol., Interdisciplinary Grad. Sch. Med., Univ. Yamanashi
| | - Parajuli Bijay
- Dept. Neuropharmacol., Interdisciplinary Grad. Sch. Med., Univ. Yamanashi
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Dept. Neuropharmacol., Interdisciplinary Grad. Sch. Med., Univ. Yamanashi
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45
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Koizumi S. [Horizontal integration of pharmacology with anatomy, physiology and biochemistry]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:406-408. [PMID: 33132259 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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46
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Hoshi T, Toyama T, Shinozaki Y, Koizumi S, Lee JY, Naganuma A, Hwang GW. Evaluation of M1-microglial activation by neurotoxic metals using optimized organotypic cerebral slice cultures. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:471-479. [PMID: 31270303 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
M1-microglia (neurotoxic microglia) regulate neuronal development and cell death and are involved in many pathologies in the brain. Although organotypic brain slice cultures are widely used to study the crosstalk between neurons and microglia, little is known about the properties of microglia in the mouse cerebral cortex slices. Here, we aimed to optimize the mouse cerebral slice cultures that reflect microglial functions and evaluate the effects of neurotoxic metals on M1-microglial activation. Most microglia in the cerebral slices prepared from postnatal day (P) 7 mice were similar to mature microglia in adult mice brains, but those in the slices prepared from P2 mice were immature, which is a conventional preparation condition. The degree of expression of M1-microglial markers (CD16 and CD32) and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) by lipopolysaccharide, a representative microglia activator, in the cerebral slices of P7 mice were higher than that in the slices of P2 mice. These results indicate that M1-microglial activation can be evaluated more accurately in the cerebral slices of P7 mice than in those of P2 mice. Therefore, we next examined the effects of various neurotoxic metals on M1-microglial activation using the cerebral slices of P7 mice and found that methylmercury stimulated the activation to M1-microglia, but arsenite, lead, and tributyltin did not induce such activation. Altogether, the optimized mouse cerebral slice cultures used in this study can be a helpful tool to study the influence of various chemicals on the central nervous system in the presence of functionally mature microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Takashi Toyama
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Akira Naganuma
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Gi-Wook Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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47
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Ihara T, Nakamura Y, Mitsui T, Tsuchiya S, Kanda M, Kira S, Nakagomi H, Sawada N, Kamiyama M, Shigetomi E, Shinozaki Y, Yoshiyama M, Nakao A, Koizumi S, Takeda M. Author Correction: Intermittent restraint stress induces circadian misalignment in the mouse bladder, leading to nocturia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16731. [PMID: 31700120 PMCID: PMC6838461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mie Kanda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kira
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Kamiyama
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Eiji Shigetomi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Yoshiyama
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Nakao
- Department of Immunology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
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48
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Fukumoto Y, Tanaka KF, Parajuli B, Shibata K, Yoshioka H, Kanemaru K, Gachet C, Ikenaka K, Koizumi S, Kinouchi H. Neuroprotective effects of microglial P2Y 1 receptors against ischemic neuronal injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:2144-2156. [PMID: 30334687 PMCID: PMC6827120 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18805317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP, which is released from damaged cells after ischemia, activates P2 receptors. P2Y1 receptors (P2Y1R) have received considerable attention, especially in astrocytes, because their activation plays a central role in the regulation of neuron-to-glia communication. However, the functions or even existence of P2Y1R in microglia remain unknown, despite the fact that many microglial P2 receptors are involved in several brain diseases. Herein, we demonstrate the presence and functional capability of microglial P2Y1R to provide neuroprotective effects following ischemic stress. Cerebral ischemia resulted in increased microglial P2Y1R expression. The number of injured hippocampal neurons was significantly higher in P2Y1 R knockout (KO) mice than wildtype mice after forebrain ischemia. Propidium iodide (PI) uptake, a marker for dying cells, was significantly higher in P2Y1R KO hippocampal slices compared with wildtype hippocampal slices at 48 h after 40-min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Furthermore, increased PI uptake following OGD was rescued by ectopic overexpression of P2Y1R in microglia. In summary, these data suggest that microglial P2Y1R mediate neuroprotective effects against ischemic stress and OGD insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Fukumoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.,Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshioka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemaru
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Christian Gachet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Strasbourg, France
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Science, Aichi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kinouchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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49
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Koizumi S. Bi-directional network remodeling by reactive astrocytes. IBRO Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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50
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Shinozaki Y, Danjo Y, Koizumi S. Microglial ROCK is essential for chronic methylmercury‐induced neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2019; 151:64-78. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youichi Shinozaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
| | - Yosuke Danjo
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine University of Yamanashi Chuo Yamanashi Japan
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