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Vanaja M, Sarkar B, Sathish P, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Yadav SK, Mohan C, Sushma A, Yashavanth BS, Srinivasa Rao M, Prabhakar M, Singh VK. Elevated CO 2 ameliorates the high temperature stress effects on physio-biochemical, growth, yield traits of maize hybrids. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2928. [PMID: 38316909 PMCID: PMC10844601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising temperatures and levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are anticipated to have a significant impact on the productivity of agricultural crops. Although, the individual effects of elevated CO2 and temperature have been extensively studied in C3 and C4 crops, there remains a scarcity of research investigating their interactive effects specifically on maize hybrids. The impact of elevated temperature and its interaction with elevated CO2 on phenology, physiology, biomass, and grain yield of maize hybrids was assessed in a field experiment using Free Air Temperature Elevation (FATE) facility. The results showed that elevated temperature (eT) increased the anthesis silking interval (ASI), while the presence of elevated CO2 along with elevated temperature (eT + eCO2) mitigated this effect. The differential expression were observed between hybrids depending on their genetic potential. Furthermore, the net photosynthetic rate (Anet), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) of hybrids decreased under elevated temperature but eT + eCO2 condition helped in reverting its impact to some extent. In term of leaf composition, the highest level of total soluble sugars (TSS) and starch was observed under eT + eCO2 conditions, possibly due to improved Anet in the presence of elevated eCO2. The negative impact of eT was also evident through increased proline and MDA content, but eT + eCO2 ameliorated the adverse effect of eT. The biomass and grain yield also responded similarly, among the hybrids 900M GOLD recorded superior performance for grain yield at eT condition exceeding 35 °C. On the other hand, DHM117 experienced a significant reduction in grain yield under eT, but performed better under eT + eCO2 due to its improved physiological response to eCO2. The study indicated that elevated levels of carbon dioxide can actually mitigate the detrimental effects of elevated temperature on maize crop. This positive impact on maize crop can be attributed to an enhanced physiological performance in the presence of eCO2 which enables the plants to maintain satisfactory yield levels despite the challenging environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vanaja
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India.
| | - P Sathish
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - N Jyothi Lakshmi
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - Ch Mohan
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - A Sushma
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - B S Yashavanth
- ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - M Srinivasa Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, TS, 500 059, India
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Srinivasa Rao M, Rama Rao CA, Raju BMK, Subba Rao AVM, Gayatri DLA, Islam A, Prasad TV, Navya M, Srinivas K, Pratibha G, Srinivas I, Prabhakar M, Yadav SK, Bhaskar S, Singh VK, Chaudhari SK. Pest scenario of Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) on pigeonpea during future climate change periods under RCP based projections in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6788. [PMID: 37100788 PMCID: PMC10133267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) is the major insect pest of pigeonpea and prediction of number of generations (no. of gen.) and generation time (gen. time) using growing degree days (GDD) approach during three future climate change periods viz., Near (NP), Distant (DP) and Far Distant (FDP) periods at eleven major pigeonpea growing locations of India was attempted. Multi-model ensemble of Maximum (Tmax) and Minimum (Tmin) temperature data of four Representative Concentration Pathways viz., RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 of Coupled Model Inter comparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models was adopted here. The increase in projected Tmax and Tmin are significant during 3 climate change periods (CCPs) viz., the NP, DP and FDP over base line (BL) period under four RCP scenarios at all locations and would be higher (4.7-5.1 °C) in RCP 8.5 and in FDP. More number of annual (10-17) and seasonal (5-8) gens. are expected to occur with greater percent increase in FDP (8 to 38%) over base line followed by DP (7 to 22%) and NP (5to 10%) periods with shortened annual gen. time (4 to 27%) across 4 RCPs. The reduction of crop duration was substantial in short, medium and long duration pigeonpeas at all locations across 4 RCPs and 3 CCPs. The seasonal no.of gen. is expected to increase (5 to 35%) with shortened gen. time (4 to 26%) even with reduced crop duration across DP and FDP climate periods of 6.0 and 8.5 RCPs in LD pigeonpea. More no. of gen. of H. armigera with reduced gen. time are expected to occur at Ludhiana, Coimbatore, Mohanpur, Warangal and Akola locations over BL period in 4 RCPs when normal duration of pigeonpeas is considered. Geographical location (66 to 72%), climate period (11 to 19%), RCPs (5-7%) and their interaction (0.04-1%) is vital and together explained more than 90% of the total variation in future pest scenario. The findings indicate that the incidence of H. armigera would be higher on pigeonpea during ensuing CCPs in India under global warming context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Srinivasa Rao
- Principal Scientist (Entomology), ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500059, India.
| | - C A Rama Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - B M K Raju
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - A V M Subba Rao
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - D L A Gayatri
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - Adlul Islam
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - T V Prasad
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Navya
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - K Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - G Pratibha
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - I Srinivas
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - M Prabhakar
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
| | - V K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Hyderabad, 500 059, India
| | - S K Chaudhari
- ICAR-Natural Resources Management (NRM), Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, India
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Khan S, Kala C, Goyal M, Yadav SK, Taleuzzaman M. Evaluation of CNS depressant and anti-anxiety activities of leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2023:CNSAMC-EPUB-129636. [PMID: 36825716 DOI: 10.2174/1871524923666230220144640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convolvulus pluricaulis is a native plant that is commonly mentioned in Ayurveda as a Rasayana and is primarily recommended for use in mental stimulation and rejuvenation therapy. Convolvulus pluricaulis is used as a brain tonic. The plant is reported to be a prominent memory-improving drug. It is used as a psychostimulant and tranquilizer. It is reported to reduce mental tension. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis, along with CNS depressant and anti-anxiety activities, in models of mice. METHODS The extract from leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis were sequentially isolated with a mixture of water and alcohol solution in the soxhlet apparatus. An acute toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines no. 423, in which 18 Albino male mice were treated with different doses (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract of Convolvulus pluricaulis and assessed for toxicity parameters for 14 days. Various psychomotor activities of hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis for 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses were performed in mice by using various tests like actophotometer, open field, rota-rod, grip strength tests, elevated plus maze, hole board test, inclined plane, chimney test. RESULTS The hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis was found to fall under category 4 in the acute toxicity study. Therefore, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis were selected for the further pharmacological study. The results of psychomotor tests (actophotometer, open field, rota-rod, grip strength, hole board test, inclined plane, chimney test, elevated plus maze, light-dark model) for test doses 100, 200, and 300 in mice showed CNS depressant and anti-anxiety effects. CONCLUSION Hydroalcoholic extract from leaves of Convolvulus pluricaulis at the 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg doses has shown CNS depressant and anti-anxiety effects in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumayya Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342802, India
| | - Chandra Kala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342802, India
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India-342001
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Lachoo Memorial College of Science and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan India-342001
| | - Mohamad Taleuzzaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Maulana Azad University, Village Bujhawar, Tehsil Luni, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342802, India
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Singh A, Kumar P, Sonkar AB, Gautam AK, Verma A, Maity B, Tiwari H, Sahoo NG, Keshari AK, Yadav SK, Saha S. A Comprehensive Review on PCSK9 as Mechanistic Target Approach in Cancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:24-32. [PMID: 34856898 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211202115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PCSK9 is a strongly expressed protein in the liver and brain that binds to the LDLR and regulates cholesterol in the liver effectively. Other receptors with which it interacts include VLDLR, LRP1, ApoER2, and OLR1. PCSK9 gain-of-function results in lysosomal degradation of these receptors, which may result in hyperlipidemia. PCSK9 deficiency results in a lower amount of cholesterol, which reduces cholesterol's accessibility to cancer cells. PCSK9 regulates several proteins and signaling pathways in cancer, including JNK, NF-κВ, and the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway. In the liver, breast, lungs, and colon tissue, PCSK9 initiates and facilitates cancer development, while in prostate cancer cells, it induces apoptosis. PCSK9 has a significant impact on brain cancer, promoting cancer cell survival by manipulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and exhibiting apoptotic activity in neurons by influencing the NF-κВ, JNK, and caspase-dependent pathways. The PCSK9 impact in cancer at different organs is explored in this study, as well as the targeted signaling mechanisms involved in cancer growth. As a result, these signaling mechanisms may be aimed for the development and exploration of anti-cancer drugs in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.,Aryakul College of Pharmacy & Research, Gauri- Bijnaur Road, Natkur, adjacent to CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Bharti Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anurag Kumar Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Biswanath Maity
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himani Tiwari
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Department of Chemistry, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand,India
| | - Nanda Gopal Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit K Keshari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot - Morbi Road, Gujarat - 360003, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Statistics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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Senrung A, Tripathi T, Janjua D, Yadav SK, Chhokar A, Aggarwal N, Yadav J, Chaudhary A, Joshi U, Sethi P, Bharti AC. Chick chorioallantoic membrane: a valuable 3D in vivo model for screening nanoformulations for tumor antiangiogenic therapeutics. Int J Dev Biol 2023; 67:115-135. [PMID: 38334179 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.230198pb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Drug discovery is an extensive process. From identifying lead compounds to approval for clinical application, it goes through a sequence of labor-intensive in vitro, in vivo preclinical screening and clinical trials. Among thousands of drugs screened only a few get approval for clinical trials. Furthermore, these approved drugs are often discontinued due to systemic toxicity and comorbidity at clinically administered dosages. To overcome these limitations, nanoformulations have emerged as the most sought-after strategy to safely and effectively deliver drugs within tumors at therapeutic concentrations. Most importantly, the employment of suitably variable preclinical models is considered highly critical for the therapeutic evaluation of candidate drugs or their formulations. A review of literature from the past 10 years on antiangiogenic nanoformulations shows the employment of limited types of preclinical models mainly the 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture and murine models as the mainstay for drug uptake, toxicity and efficiency studies. To top it all, murine models are highly expensive, time-consuming and require expertise in handling them. The current review highlights the utilization of the age-old chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), a well-defined angiogenic model in the investigation of antiangiogenic compounds and nanoformulations in an economic framework. For practical applicability, we have evaluated the CAM model to demonstrate the screening of antiangiogenic compounds and that tumor cells can be implanted onto developing CAM for growing xenografts by recruiting host endothelial and other cellular components. In addition, the exploitation of CAM tumor xenograft models for the evaluation of nanoparticle distribution has also been reinforced by demonstrating that intravenously administered iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) passively accumulate and exhibit intracellular as well as extracellular compartment accumulation in highly vascular xenografts. Finally, the ethical considerations, benefits, and drawbacks, of using CAM as an experimental model for testing potential therapeutics are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Sunita Kumari Yadav
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Sethi
- Neuropharmacology and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, India
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Das A, Babu S, Datta M, Kumar S, Singh R, Avasthe R, Rathore SS, Yadav SK, Singh VK. Restoring soil carbon in marginal land of Indian Himalayas: Impact of crop intensification and conservation tillage. J Environ Manage 2022; 318:115603. [PMID: 35759964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil carbon (C) loss is the prime sign of land degradation, and C pools have a great impact on soil quality and climate change mitigation. Hence, a field experiment was conducted for three consecutive years to assess the impact of crop intensification and conservation tillage practices on changes in the C pool at different soil depths of marginal land of the Indian Himalayas. The experiment consisted of two intensified cropping systems viz., CS1-Summer maize (Zea mays L.) -rainy season maize-lentil (Lens esculenta L.) and CS2-Summer maize-rainy season maize-mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern) and five tillage practices viz., No-till (NT); NT + live mulch of cowpea (NT + LMC); reduced tillage (RT); RT + LMC and conventional tillage (CT). Results revealed that CS2 produced significantly higher biomass, C retention efficiency (9.85%), and sequestrated greater C (0.42 Mg ha-1 yr-1) in the soil system than CS1. Of the various tillage practices, RT + LMC registered higher biomass and recycled greater biomass and C than those under other tillage practices. However, the highest soil organic carbon (SOC) content (7.03 g kg-1) and pool (9.62 Mg ha-1) in 0-10 cm depth were observed under NT + LMC. The non-labile C pool size under NT in 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths was significantly greater than those under CT. The NT + LMC sequestrated significantly higher SOC (0.57 Mg ha-1 yr-1) than other tillage practices. Thus, the study indicated that the adoption of an intensified maize-based system under RT + LMC or NT + LMC would increase SOC storage and C sequestration in marginal lands of the Indian Himalayas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - M Datta
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal, Manipur, 795 004, India
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, UP, 208024, India
| | - Ravikant Avasthe
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Sikkim Centre, Tadong, Sikkim, 737 102, India
| | - S S Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- ICAR- Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, 500059, India
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Babu S, Singh Rathore S, Singh R, Kumar S, Singh VK, Yadav SK, Yadav V, Raj R, Yadav D, Shekhawat K, Ali Wani O. Exploring agricultural waste biomass for energy, food and feed production and pollution mitigation: A review. Bioresour Technol 2022; 360:127566. [PMID: 35788385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Globally agricultural production system generates a huge amount of solid waste. Improper agri-waste management causes environmental pollution which resulted in economic losses and human health-related problems. Hence, there is an urgent need to design and develop eco-friendly, cost-effective, and socially acceptable agri-waste management technologies. Agri-waste has high energy conversion efficiency as compared to fossil fuel-based energy generation materials. Agri-waste can potentially be exploited for the production of second-generation biofuels. However, composted agri-waste can be an alternative to energy-intensive chemical fertilizers in organic production systems. Furthermore, value-added agri-waste can be a potential feedstock for livestock and industrial products. But comprehensive information concerning agri-waste management is lacking in the literature. Therefore, the present study reviewed the latest advancements in efficient agri-waste management technologies. This latest review will help the researchers and policy planners to formulate environmentally robust residue management practices for achieving a green economy in the agricultural production sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208 024, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, Uttar Pradesh 250110, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- ICAR- Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 059, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rishi Raj
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Devideen Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248 195, India
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Owais Ali Wani
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, SKUAST- Kashmir, 193201, India
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Babu S, Singh R, Yadav D, Rathore SS, Raj R, Avasthe R, Yadav SK, Das A, Yadav V, Yadav B, Shekhawat K, Upadhyay PK, Yadav DK, Singh VK. Nanofertilizers for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Chemosphere 2022; 292:133451. [PMID: 34973251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural production systems to keep pace with the food and nutritional demand of the galloping population had an adverse impact on ecosystem services and environmental quality. Hence, an alternative mechanism is to be developed to enhance farm production and environmental sustainability. A nanohybrid construct like nanofertilizers (NFs) is an excellent alternative to overcome the negative impact of traditional chemical fertilizers. The NFs provide smart nutrient delivery to the plants and proves their efficacy in terms of crop productivity and environmental sustainability over bulky chemical fertilizers. Plants can absorb NFs by foliage or roots depending upon the application methods and properties of the particles. NFs enhance the biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance in plants. It reduces the production cost and mitigates the environmental footprint. Multitude benefits of the NFs open new vistas towards sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. Although supra-optimal doses of NFs have a detrimental effect on crop growth, soil health, and environmental outcomes. The extensive release of NFs into the environment and food chain may pose a risk to human health, hence, need careful assessment. Thus, a thorough review on the role of different NFs and their impact on crop growth, productivity, soil, and environmental quality is required, which would be helpful for the research of sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Raghavendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208 024, India
| | - Devideen Yadav
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 195, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India.
| | - Rishi Raj
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Ravikant Avasthe
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Sikkim Centre, Sikkim, 737 102, India
| | - S K Yadav
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 002, India
| | - Anup Das
- ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Tripura Centre, Tripura, 799 210, India
| | - Vivek Yadav
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- ICAR-Directorate of Mushroom Research, Chambaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173213, India
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - P K Upadhyay
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India
| | - Vinod K Singh
- ICAR-Central Research Institute on Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 059, India
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Arora G, Taneja J, Bhardwaj P, Goyal S, Naidu K, Yadav SK, Saluja D, Jetly S. Adverse events and Breakthrough infections associated with COVID-19 vaccination in the Indian population. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3147-3154. [PMID: 35261064 PMCID: PMC9088477 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against COVID‐19 provide immunity to deter severe morbidities associated with the infection. However, it does not prevent infection altogether in all exposed individuals. Furthermore, emerging variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 impose a threat concerning the competency of the vaccines in combating the infection. This study aims to determine the variability in adverse events and the extent of breakthrough infections in the Indian population. A retrospective study was conducted using a pre‐validated questionnaire encompassing social, demographic, general health, the status of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, vaccination, associated adverse events, and breakthrough infections in the Indian population. Informed consent and ethical approval were obtained as per Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. Participants, who provided the complete information, were Indian citizens, above 18 years, and if vaccinated, administered with either Covishield or Covaxin, were considered for the study. Data have been compiled in Microsoft Excel and analyzed for statistical differences using STATA 11. The responses from 2051 individuals fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Among 2051, 1119 respondents were vaccinated and 932 respondents were non‐vaccinated. Among 1119 vaccinated respondents, 7 were excluded because of missing data. Therefore, out of 1112 vaccinated, 413 experienced adverse events with a major fraction of younger individuals, age 18–40 years, getting affected (74.82%; 309/413). Furthermore, considerably more females than males encountered adverse consequences to vaccination (p < 0.05). Among vaccinated participants, breakthrough infections were observed in 7.91% (88/1112; 57.96% males and 42.04% females) with the older age group, 61 years and above (odds ratio, 3.25 [1.32–8.03]; p = 0.011), and males were found to be at higher risk. Further research is needed to find the age and sex‐related factors in determining vaccine effectiveness and adverse events. Significant higher adverse events following COVID‐19 vaccination in females in comparison to males. Breakthrough infections among Indian population was found to be 7.91%. Older people and males were found to be at high risk for getting breakthrough infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arora
- Delhi School of Public Health, IoE & Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi-110007
| | - J Taneja
- Zoology Department, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi-110007
| | - P Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi-110007
| | - S Goyal
- Manav Rachna International School, Sector 14, Faridabad, Haryana, 121007
| | - K Naidu
- IPCA Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai, 400067
| | - S K Yadav
- Zoology Department, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi-110007
| | - D Saluja
- Delhi School of Public Health, IoE & Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi-110007
| | - S Jetly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi-110019
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10
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Yadav SK, Agrawal SK, Singh SK, Giri A, Singh GK, Ghimire R, Stewart AG, Show KL, Moses FL. Antimicrobial resistance in neonates with suspected sepsis. Public Health Action 2021; 11:6-12. [PMID: 34778009 PMCID: PMC8575386 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern of antimicrobial resistance and hospital exit outcomes in neonates with suspected sepsis in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). DESIGN This hospital-based cohort study was conducted to follow patients from January to December 2019. All identified cases of suspected sepsis were enlisted from hospital records. RESULTS Sepsis was suspected in 177 (88%) of the 200 cases admitted in the NICU; 52 (29%) were culture-positive. Pseudomonas was the predominant organism isolated (n = 40; 78%), followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus (n = 12, 23%). Nine (17%) of the 52 isolates were resistant to the Access and Watch group of antibiotics, including some resistance to Reserve group drugs such as imipenem and linezolid. Most treated cases (n = 170, 96%) improved, although 7 (4%) left against medical advice. CONCLUSION Most of the pathogens were resistant to WHO Access and Watch antibiotics and occasional resistance was observed to Reserve group drugs. Most sepsis was caused by Gram-negative bacilli. Improving turnaround times for antibiotic sensitivity testing using point-of-care testing, and a greater yield of culture-positive results are needed to enhance the management of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Agrawal
- B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S K Singh
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A Giri
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - G K Singh
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R Ghimire
- Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - A G Stewart
- College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - K L Show
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - F L Moses
- Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
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11
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Yadav SK, Panwar D, Singh A, Tellis MB, Joshi RS, Dixit A. Molecular phylogeny, structure modeling and in silico screening of putative inhibitors of aerolysin of Aeromonas hydrophila EUS112. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:8840-8849. [PMID: 33931004 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1918254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes diseases in fish, resulting in excessive loss to the aquaculture industry. Aeromonas is a highly heterogeneous group of bacteria, and the heterogeneity of the genus is attributed to variation and diversity in the virulence factors and toxins among various Aeromonas strains. One of the major toxins aerolysin, secreted by the bacterium, causes hemorrhagic-septicemia and diarrhea and can serve as a drug target. Here, we describe characterization, molecular phylogeny, and homology modeling of the aerolysin of A. hydrophila strain EUS112 (AhEUS112) cloned in our lab. The encoded aerolysin is 485 amino acids long with an N-terminal signal sequence of 23 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the aerolysin of AhEUS112 revealed that it belongs to a diverse group of toxins, showing maximum similarity with aerolysins of other Aeromonas strains followed by Vibrio toxin. The homology model of the mature aerolysin of AhEUS112 was generated using the crystal structure of a mutant aerolysin (PDB#3g4n) as the template, which showed that the encoded aerolysin exists as a channel protein. Validation of the generated model using bioinformatics tool confirmed it to be a good quality model that can be used for drug design. Molecular dock analysis revealed that drugs, aralia-saponin I, cyclamin, ardisiacrispin B, and aralia-saponin II bind to aerolysin with a higher affinity as compared to other drugs and at functionally important amino acids of aerolysin. Hence, these molecules can act as an effective therapeutics for inhibiting the aerolysin pore formation and curtail the severity of Aeromonas infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kumari Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Panwar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi B Tellis
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune, India.,Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Rd, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Rakesh Shamsunder Joshi
- Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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12
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Gohivar RK, Yadav SK, Koirala RP, Adhikari D. Study of artifacts in thermodynamic and structural properties of Li-Mg alloy in liquid state using linear and exponential models. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06613. [PMID: 33869849 PMCID: PMC8035501 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-dependent interaction parameters of Redlich-Kister (R–K) polynomials for Li–Mg alloy in liquid phase have been optimized using experimental data in the framework of linear and exponential models. These parameters have then been used to compute the thermodynamic properties (excess Gibbs free energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing and activity) and structural property (concentration fluctuations in the long-wavelength limit) of the alloy at temperatures 1000 K, 1300 K, 1600 K, 1900 K, and 2200 K. The negative values of excess Gibbs free energy of mixing computed using linear T-dependent parameters increases with the rise in the temperature of the system beyond 1000 K while the same physical quantity computed using the exponential T-dependent interaction parameters decreases with the rise in temperatures and does not show any unusual trends up to 2200 K. Similar behavior has been found in the case of other thermodynamic and structural functions. The unusual behavior that appears in the thermodynamic and structural functions computed using linear T-dependent parameters can be eliminated if these functions are computed using exponential T-dependent parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gohivar
- Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Nepal.,Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - R P Koirala
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
| | - D Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal
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13
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Yadav SK, Dash P, Sahoo PK, Garg LC, Dixit A. Recombinant outer membrane protein OmpC induces protective immunity against Aeromonashydrophila infection in Labeorohita. Microb Pathog 2021; 150:104727. [PMID: 33429054 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonashydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that causes enormous loss to aquaculture industry. The outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas help in bacterium-host interaction, and are considered to be potential vaccine candidates. In the present study, we evaluated immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant OmpC (rOmpC) of A. hydrophila in Indian major carp, Labeorohita. The rOmpC-vaccinated fish produced specific anti-rOmpC antibodies with a significant antibody titer, and the antisera could specifically detect the rOmpC in the cell lysates of Escherichia coli expressing rOmpC and cross-react with different Aeromonas lysates, indicating the suitability of the anti-rOmpC antisera to detect Aeromonas infection. A significant increase was noted in ceruloplasmin level, myeloperoxidase and anti-protease activities in transient and temporal manner the sera of the rOmpC-immunized fish as compared to PBS-control fish. Higher agglutination- and hemolytic activity titers in the anti-rOmpC antisera indicate stimulation of innate immunity. Expression of immune-related genes comprising various acute phase proteins, cytokines and inflammatory response molecules were modulated in the head kidney of rOmpC-immunized L. rohita. While IgM, IL1β, and TLR-22 were significantly up-regulated at early time points (3 h-72 h), the others showed a transient augmentation at both early and later time points (SOD, lysozymes C and G, NKEF-B, C3, CXCa and TNF-α) in the rOmpC-immunized L. rohita in comparison to PBS-injected controls. These data suggest that the rOmpC-induced immune response is temporally regulated to confer immunity. In vivo challenge of the rOmpC-immunized fish with A. hydrophila showed significantly greater survival when compared to PBS-injected control fish. Thus, our results highlight the immunomodulatory role of rOmpC and demonstrate its protective efficacy in L. rohita, along with the use of anti-rOmpC antisera in detecting Aeromonas infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kumari Yadav
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pujarini Dash
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Lalit C Garg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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14
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Yadav SK, Shukla P, Joshi M, Khan A, Kaushik A, Jha AK, Sapra BK, Singh RS. Emission characteristics of ultrafine particles from bare and Al 2O 3 coated graphite for high temperature applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14595. [PMID: 32884029 PMCID: PMC7471292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to its exceptional properties at high temperature, graphite is used in several applications such as structural material and fuel block in high temperature nuclear reactors. Air ingress is one of the serious safety concerns in these reactors. Oxidation of graphite leading to increased porosity affects its mechanical strength and may lead to core collapse resulting in a severe accident. During such a scenario, generation of graphite particles could be the main hazard. Once generated, these particles often in fine and ultrafine sizes, may carry radioactivity to large distances and/or for long times. These particles owing to their higher surface to volume ratio possess an additional inhalation hazard. Ultrafine particles have the potential to enter into respiratory tract and cause damage to body organs. Coating of graphite components is preferred to reduce the oxidation induced damages at high temperatures. In the present work, effect of alumina (Al2O3) coating on the emission characteristics of particles from graphite under high temperature conditions has been investigated. Bare and Al2O3 coated graphite specimens were heated within a closed chamber at varying temperatures during these experiments. Temporal evolution of concentrations of gases (CO and CO2) and particles were measured. The results reveal that Al2O3 coating on the graphite delayed the oxidation behavior and the structure of graphite remained largely intact at high temperatures. A significant reduction in aerosol formation and CO emission was also noticed for the coated specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - P Shukla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Manish Joshi
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Arshad Khan
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - A Kaushik
- High Temperature Reactor Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Jha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India
| | - R S Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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15
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Kumar A, Gupta VK, Mandil R, Rahal A, Verma AK, Yadav SK. Interplay of oxidative stress and antioxidant bio markers in oil adjuvant Brucella melitensis vaccinated and challenged mice. Vaccine 2019; 37:3343-3351. [PMID: 31064674 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular nature of Brucella leads to rise in oxidative stress due to bacterial invasion, particularly at the site of predilection spleen and lymph nodes. The present study aimed to evaluate the erythrocytic and tissue specific oxidative stress responses induced during oil adjuvant killed Brucella melitensis vaccination. The results of the study clearly implicated a significant increase in level of catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxidation (LPO), and total protein content in erythrocytes after vaccination. The activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) was unaltered during the period of experiment. The catalase activity and GSH content was significantly increased in lung and spleen tissues. The tissues GST levels increased significantly in all tissues, while tissue SOD level increased significantly only in lung tissues. Thus, it can be inferred that oil adjuvant based Brucella vaccine induces negligible signs of inflammatory pathophysiology and supports the development of significant level of protection against virulent Brucella challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Immunology & Defense Mechanism, College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - V K Gupta
- CADRAD, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Rajesh Mandil
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Division of Goat Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Farha, Mathura, 281122, India
| | - A K Verma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, 250110, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, DUVASU, Mathura, 281001, India
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16
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Williams M, Kookana RS, Mehta A, Yadav SK, Tailor BL, Maheshwari B. Emerging contaminants in a river receiving untreated wastewater from an Indian urban centre. Sci Total Environ 2019; 647:1256-1265. [PMID: 30180334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research over the last decade on emerging trace organic contaminants in aquatic systems has largely focused on sources such as treated wastewaters in high income countries, with relatively few studies relating to wastewater sources of these contaminants in low and middle income countries. We undertook a longitudinal survey of the Ahar River for a number of emerging organic contaminants (including pharmaceuticals, hormones, personal care products and industrial chemicals) which flows through the city of Udaipur, India. Udaipur is a city of approximately 450,000 people with no wastewater treatment occurring at the time of this survey. We found the concentrations of many of the contaminants within the river water were similar to those commonly reported in untreated wastewater in high income countries. For example, concentrations of pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ranged up to 1900 ng/L. Other organic contaminants, such as steroid estrogens (up to 124 ng/L), steroid androgens (up to 1560 ng/L), benzotriazoles (up to 11 μg/L), DEET (up to 390 ng/L), BPA (up to 300 ng/L) and caffeine (up to 37.5 μg/L), were all similar to previously reported concentrations in wastewaters in high income countries. An assessment of the population densities in the watersheds feeding into the river showed increasing population density of a watershed led to a corresponding downstream increase in the concentrations of the organic contaminants, with quantifiable concentrations still present up to 10 km downstream of the areas directly adjacent to the highest population densities. Overall, this study highlights how a relatively clean river can be contaminated by untreated wastewater released from an urban centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag no 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Land and Water, Locked Bag no 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia
| | - Anil Mehta
- Vidya Bhawan Polytechnic, Udaipur, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Wolkem India Limited, Udaipur, India
| | - B L Tailor
- ICAR-NBBS & LUP, Regional Centre, Udaipur, India
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17
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Singh A, Bhakat M, Mohanty TK, Mondal S, Yadav SK, Kumar P, Kumar R, Rahim A, Sinha R, Shah N. Effect of Tris-egg Yolk, Soya Milk, and Liposome-based Extenders on Sahiwal (Bos indicus) Sperm Quality during Pre- and Post-Cryopreservation Stages. Cryo Letters 2019; 40:94-102. [PMID: 31017609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though there are plenty of semen cryopreservation extenders available, their adoption is limited. Although normal tris-based egg yolk (EYC) extender is widely used, it leads to compromised post-thaw sperm quality. OBJECTIVE To find a standard semen extender, six different semen extenders were validated. METHODS In a split study, six aliquots of zebu cattle fresh semen ejaculate were cryopreserved in extenders containing egg yolk obtained from hen which was reared either in 1) normal, 2) omega-3 enriched, and 3) herbal enriched diet supplementation, and egg yolk free extenders such as 4) soya lecithin, 5) Bioxcell and 6) Optixcell. RESULT Significantly poor sperm quality and kinematics were observed in extender containing herbal egg yolk. However, omega-3 enriched egg yolk extender was on par with EYC. Among all extenders, soya lecithin and bioxcell have shown better sperm quality. Sperm motility was significantly higher in semen extended in liposome-based extender Optixcell. CONCULSION Optixcell can be considered as a standard extender for cattle semen cryopreservation to maintain adequate sperm quality required for artificial insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - M Bhakat
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India.
| | - Tushar Kumar Mohanty
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - S Mondal
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - S K Yadav
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - P Kumar
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute-132001
| | - R Kumar
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - A Rahim
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - R Sinha
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
| | - N Shah
- Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132001 (Haryana) India
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18
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Yadav SK, Dash P, Sahoo PK, Garg LC, Dixit A. Modulation of immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant outer-membrane protein F (rOmpF) of Aeromonas hydrophila in Labeo rohita. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 80:563-572. [PMID: 29958980 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Aeromonas hydrophila, an imperative fish pathogen accountable for massive economic losses to aquaculture industry, are found to be immunogenic and considered as potential vaccine candidates. In spite of development in the formulation of vaccine candidates against Aeromonas infection, no commercial preparation has been done so far; in addition, the molecular mechanisms of immunoprotection induced by various vaccine formulations in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, are little known. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the modulation of immunity and expression of immune-related genes post-rOmpF (recombinant outer-membrane protein of A. hydrophila, a novel vaccine candidate) immunization and protective efficacy after A. hydrophila challenge. The rOmpF-immunized fish showed a variable expression of the immune-related genes, viz. toll-like receptor 22 (TLR), complement component 3 (C3), chemokine (CXCa), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) in the head kidney tissues, when compared to the control group at different time intervals post-vaccination. A significant increase in serum hemolysin titer, ceruloplasmin level and myeloperoxidase activity was observed on day 140 post immunization. Also, bacterial agglutination titer and antiprotease activity were significantly increased on day 42 post immunization. No significant change was observed in lysozyme activity. Challenge studies with live A. hydrophila on day 140 post-immunization of L. rohita significantly increased the relative percentage survival (∼44%) in the vaccinated group. The results suggest that the rOmpF could be used as a potential vaccine candidate to combat A. hydrophila infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Kumari Yadav
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pujarini Dash
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, India
| | - Lalit C Garg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Aparna Dixit
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Niroula DR, Jha MK, Limbu P, Pokhre I, Yadav SK, Mukhopadhyay S. Ethnic Variations of Blood Groups in a Medical College of Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:18-22. [PMID: 30631011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Red blood cells contain antigens in its membrane which are inherited according to Mendelian law. ABO and Rhesus blood group systems are considered the most important blood group systems for clinical procedures, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, anthropological study and medico-legal purposes. Determination of ABO and Rhesus blood groups and its frequency distribution in a multiethnic country like Nepal is important for effective management of blood banks, safe blood transfusion services. The trend of blood groups and its ethnic distributions in the eastern part of Nepal is still unknown. Objective To find the distribution of blood groups among the subjects of different ethnic groups of eastern Nepal. Method A cross-sectional perspective study was carried out among the subjects visited in the laboratory of Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal for a period of one year from August 1, 2015 to July 30, 2016. Result The 11,960 subjects were included in the present study, among which 5012 were males and 6948 were females. The study revealed that in ABO system, blood group distribution was 34.80% O, 28.66% A, 27.66% B and 6.89% AB. With regard to Rh blood group system, Rhesus +ve was 96.79% and Rhesus -ve was 3.21%. O blood group dominant ethnic groups were Brahmin, Bhujel, Biswakarma, Shah, Gurung, Marwari, Magar, Mahato, Mandal, Newar, Sanyasi, Tamang, Terai Brahmin and Yadav. Similarly, blood group A dominant ethnic groups were Chhetri, Dhimal, Limbu, Rai and Muslim. Howerver, blood group B was dominant in ethnic groups, namely Biswakarma, Rajput, Satar and Tharu. Conclusion The frequency distribution pattern of ABO blood group was observed as O > A> B > AB and in Rhesus system, Rhesus +ve > Rhesus -ve. Variation in blood groups distribution was observed in various ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Niroula
- Department of Physiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar
| | - M K Jha
- Department of Physiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre
| | - P Limbu
- Department of Physiology, Nepalese Army Institute of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu
| | - I Pokhre
- Department of Nursing, MS Ramaiah Institute of Nursing Education and Research, Bangalore, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar
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Yadav SK, Venkatnarayan K, Adhikari KM, Sinha R, Mathai SS. Gastric lavage in babies born through meconium stained amniotic fluid in prevention of early feed intolerance: A randomized controlled trial. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018; 11:393-397. [PMID: 30149474 DOI: 10.3233/npm-17154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of gastric lavage (GL) in preventing feed intolerance in babies born through Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). STUDY DESIGN In this randomized trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital, neonates born of MSAF after 34 weeks period of gestation requiring routine care were randomly allocated to GL with 10 ml/kg of normal saline. The control group did not receive GL. The subjects were monitored for first 24 hours in predefined time epochs. The primary outcome was incidence of feed intolerance which was defined as vomiting or abdominal distension more than 2 cm from baseline measure. Babies were also monitored for potential adverse events due to GL and total duration of hospital stay. RESULTS Baseline parameters were comparable. The incidence of feed intolerance was not significant in the GL group [4.6% vs 9.2%; RR 0.92 (0.29-3)]. There were no adverse events secondary to GL. The duration of hospital stay was comparable between groups. CONCLUSION GL in neonates born of MSAF does not reduce feed intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - K M Adhikari
- Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - R Sinha
- Department of Pediatrics, Command Hospital, Pune, India
| | - S S Mathai
- Dean Academics and Director Indian Naval Academy, Indian Naval Hospital Ship, Mumbai, India
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Yadav SK, Meena JK, Sharma M, Dixit A. Recombinant outer membrane protein C of Aeromonas hydrophila elicits mixed immune response and generates agglutinating antibodies. Immunol Res 2016; 64:1087-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li N, Yadav SK, Liu XY, Wang J, Hoagland RG, Mara N, Misra A. Quantification of dislocation nucleation stress in TiN through high-resolution in situ indentation experiments and first principles calculations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15813. [PMID: 26537338 PMCID: PMC4633591 DOI: 10.1038/srep15813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Through in situ indentation of TiN in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope, the nucleation of full as well as partial dislocations has been observed from {001} and {111} surfaces, respectively. The critical elastic strains associated with the nucleation of the dislocations were analyzed from the recorded atomic displacements, and the nucleation stresses corresponding to the measured critical strains were computed using density functional theory. The resolved shear stress was estimated to be 13.8 GPa for the partial dislocation 1/6 <110> {111} and 6.7 GPa for the full dislocation ½ <110> {110}. Such an approach of quantifying nucleation stresses for defects via in situ high-resolution experiment coupled with density functional theory calculation may be applied to other unit processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Li
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S K Yadav
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - X-Y Liu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - R G Hoagland
- Materials Science and Technology Division, MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Mara
- Materials Physics and Applications Division, MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Misra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Yadav SK, Bhatta NK, Yadav SP, Kanodia P, Moktan D. Evaluation of Effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) Course Among Paediatric Residents of BPKIHS. J Nepal Paedtr Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jnps.v35i1.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neonatal resuscitation is an essential skill for neonatal care providers, especially for junior doctors who are often the first persons to attend to a newborn in need of resuscitation. The Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) training course offers a comprehensive and systematic training programme that has been adopted in 130 countries worldwide. Reports from different countries attributed the improvements in neonatal mortality and morbidity over the past two decades partly to the implementation of a systematic neonatal resuscitation training programme. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Neonatal Resuscitation Programme (NRP) in improving the knowledge of the paediatric resident doctors after completion of the course.Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional interventional study. The resident doctors who attended the NRP course were enrolled. The knowledge was evaluated by written 30-item questionnaire pre- and post- course score. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. p- value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Data of 18 paediatric residents who attended the course were analyzed. There were four female and 14 male residents. Out of 18 residents, eight were from first year, seven were from second year and three were from third year. Their mean scores (out of 30) were 13.84 (SD 2.57) (pre-course) and 16.68 [(SD 3.15) (post-course) (p=0.001)].Conclusions: NRP course produced a modest gain in residents’ knowledge on neonatal resuscitation at the end of their course. NRP training has the potential to substantially improve knowledge of neonatal resuscitation.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2015;35(1):18-23
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Yadav SK. Oral Cancer Care and Oromaxillofacial Surgery. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2015; 13:169-174. [PMID: 26744206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers affecting people of Nepal and it the sixth most common cancer in the world. Unlike other cancers the early detection of the disease is possible through a routine examination of the oral cavity which is usually done by a dental practitioner. Through a series of phases like prevention, screening, early intervention, diagnosis and staging, management with tumor ablative surgeries, and rehabilitation to restore the function and esthetic part for better clinical outcome, the role of the specialty of dentistry is immensified. From a patient perspective, having a direct referral line within the dental community between dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons will contribute to cost reduction and improvement in outcomes. Trained oral and maxillofacial surgeon especially in the head and neck oncology plays a vital role in exploring functional multidisciplinary efforts to enhance patient care, academic excellence and research initiatives and evaluate for gaps in patient care. This article highlights the role of such professionals in a multidisciplinary team approach for the proper management of head and neck cancers which have significantly and logically additive effect for a better outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal
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Yadav SK, Marbaniang CN, Sharma V, Dixit A. Heterologous Soluble Expression of Recombinant OmpR of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> and Its Immunogenic Potential. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.67044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Breast carcinoma is a common condition worldwide but stromal sarcomas of breast are rarity in day to day surgical practice. Out of primary breast sarcomas, fibrosarcoma constitutes only 16% of cases. We report a primary fibrosarcoma of breast in a young female patient which presented as ulcerated growth and fixity to chest wall and multiple ipsilateral axillary lympadenopathy (Stage IIIb). After biopsy confirmation palliation mastectomy was done and patient was sent for chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Jitin Yadav
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Anand Abhinav
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - K Satish
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Prakash Om
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - K Manish
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - G Anjana
- Department of General Surgery, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Yadav SK, Swami D, Kumar P, Meena MK, Maurya CK, Gupta PK, Ganesan K, Jain AK, Bhattacharya R. Acute inhalation toxicity of smoke of fentanyl and its 1-substituted analogs in Swiss albino mice. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2014; 60:1-9. [PMID: 25208041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fentanyl (N-(1-phenethyl-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide) is a synthetic, potent narcotic analgesic agent. However, it is known to have several side effects, which led to synthesis and evaluation of its new analogs for the management of pain. We have earlier reported the comparative bioassay of fentanyl and its eight 1-substituted analogs (1-8) in mice. Three compounds, viz., N-(1-(2-phenoxyethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide (2), N-isopropyl-3-(4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl)propanamide (5), and N-t-butyl-3-(4-(N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl)propanamide (6) were found to be more effective and less toxic compared to fentanyl. The present study reports the comparative acute inhalation toxicity of smoke of fentanyl and its three analogs, viz., 2, 5, and 6 in mice. Animals were exposed to different concentrations of smoke generated by heating the compounds. Exposure was performed in a head only all glass static exposure assembly for 15 min to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50). The breathing pattern and various respiratory parameters of the animals were also monitored online using a polygraph. Out of three compounds tested, analog 5 was found to be most toxic (LC50 = 2820 mg/m3) while 2 was least toxic (LC50 = >8000 mg/m3). All the compounds caused long lasting respiratory depression in a dose-dependent manner, which did not completely resolve even after discontinuation of exposure. Aerodynamic median diameter and geometric standard deviation of smoke particles was determined employing eight-stage Andersen sampler. The particles were found to be within the respirable range. The study, however, concludes that due to possible decomposition of the compounds by heating or its poor absorption by the alveolar surface, the present inhalation technique cannot be employed to generate smoke of fentanyl and its analogs for any medical or surreptitious use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Pharmacology and Toxicology Division Gwalior India
| | - D Swami
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Pharmacology and Toxicology Division Gwalior India
| | - P Kumar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Pharmacology and Toxicology Division Gwalior India
| | - M K Meena
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Pharmacology and Toxicology Division Gwalior India
| | - C K Maurya
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Synthetic Chemistry Division Gwalior India
| | - P K Gupta
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Synthetic Chemistry Division Gwalior India
| | - K Ganesan
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Synthetic Chemistry Division Gwalior India
| | - A K Jain
- Jiwaji University School of Studies in Zoology Gwalior India
| | - R Bhattacharya
- Defence Research and Development Establishment Pharmacology and Toxicology Division Gwalior India rahul@drde.drdo.in
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Devakumar D, Semple S, Osrin D, Yadav SK, Kurmi OP, Saville NM, Shrestha B, Manandhar DS, Costello A, Ayres JG. Biomass fuel use and the exposure of children to particulate air pollution in southern Nepal. Environ Int 2014; 66:79-87. [PMID: 24533994 PMCID: PMC3989062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of children to air pollution in low resource settings is believed to be high because of the common use of biomass fuels for cooking. We used microenvironment sampling to estimate the respirable fraction of air pollution (particles with median diameter less than 4 μm) to which 7-9 year old children in southern Nepal were exposed. Sampling was conducted for a total 2649 h in 55 households, 8 schools and 8 outdoor locations of rural Dhanusha. We conducted gravimetric and photometric sampling in a subsample of the children in our study in the locations in which they usually resided (bedroom/living room, kitchen, veranda, in school and outdoors), repeated three times over one year. Using time activity information, a 24-hour time weighted average was modeled for all the children in the study. Approximately two-thirds of homes used biomass fuels, with the remainder mostly using gas. The exposure of children to air pollution was very high. The 24-hour time weighted average over the whole year was 168 μg/m(3). The non-kitchen related samples tended to show approximately double the concentration in winter than spring/autumn, and four times that of the monsoon season. There was no difference between the exposure of boys and girls. Air pollution in rural households was much higher than the World Health Organization and the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal recommendations for particulate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Devakumar
- UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK.
| | - S Semple
- University of Aberdeen Scottish Centre for Indoor Air, Division of Applied Health Sciences, Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital, Westburn Road, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - D Osrin
- UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - S K Yadav
- Mother and Infant Research Activities, Thapathali, PO Box 921, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - O P Kurmi
- Clinical Trial Services Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - N M Saville
- UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - B Shrestha
- Mother and Infant Research Activities, Thapathali, PO Box 921, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D S Manandhar
- Mother and Infant Research Activities, Thapathali, PO Box 921, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Costello
- UCL Institute for Global Health, 30 Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - J G Ayres
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Yadav SK, Sahoo PK, Dixit A. Characterization of immune response elicited by the recombinant outer membrane protein OmpF of Aeromonas hydrophila, a potential vaccine candidate in murine model. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:1837-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shanker AK, Maheswari M, Yadav SK, Desai S, Bhanu D, Attal NB, Venkateswarlu B. Drought stress responses in crops. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:11-22. [PMID: 24408129 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-013-0356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the effects of impending climate change, drought will have a profound impact on crop productivity in the future. Response to drought stress has been studied widely, and the model plant Arabidopsis has guided the studies on crop plants with genome sequence information viz., rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. Since the value of functions of genes, dynamics of pathways and interaction of networks for drought tolerance in plants can only be judged by evidence from field performance, this mini-review provides a research update focussing on the current developments on the response to drought in crop plants. Studies in Arabidopsis provide the basis for interpreting the available information in a systems biology perspective. In particular, the elucidation of the mechanism of drought stress response in crops is considered from evidence-based outputs emerging from recent omic studies in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Shanker
- Division of Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santoshnagar, Saidabad P.O, Hyderabad, 500-059, India,
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Yadav SK, Juwarkar AA, Balki AB, Shende AR, Devi SS, Krishnamurthi K, Bafna A, Prasad R, Chakrabarti T. Microorganism-assisted phytoremediation of heavy metal and endosulfan contaminated soil. Rev Environ Health 2014; 29:41-42. [PMID: 24695029 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Mahajan M, Joshi R, Gulati A, Yadav SK. Increase in flavan-3-ols by silencing flavonol synthase mRNA affects the transcript expression and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes in tobacco. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2012; 14:725-33. [PMID: 22324650 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites widespread throughout the plant kingdom involved in many physiological and biochemical functions. Amongst the flavonoids, flavan-3-ols (catechin and epicatechin) are known for their direct free radical scavenging activity in vitro, but studies on their antioxidant potential and interaction with antioxidant enzymes in vivo are lacking. Here, the flavonoid pathway was engineered by silencing a gene encoding flavonol synthase (FLS) in tobacco to direct the flow of metabolites towards production of flavan-3-ols. FLS silencing reduced flavonol content 17-53%, while it increased catechin and epicatechin content 51-93% and 18-27%, respectively. The silenced lines showed a significant increase in expression of genes for dihydroflavonol reductase and anthocyanidin synthase, a downstream gene towards epicatechin production, with no significant change in expression of other genes of the flavonoid pathway. Effects of accumulation of flavan-3-ols in FLS silenced lines on transcript level and activities of antioxidant enzymes were studied. Transcripts of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and catalase (CAT) increased, while glutathione-S-transferase (GST), decreased in FLS silenced lines. Enhanced activity of all the antioxidant enzymes was observed in silenced tobacco lines. To validate the affect of flavan-3-ols on the antioxidant system, in vitro experiments were conducted with tobacco seedlings exposed to two concentrations of catechin (10 and 50 μm) for 2 days. In vitro exposed seedlings produced similar levels of transcripts and activity of antioxidant enzymes as FLS silenced seedlings. Results suggest that flavan-3-ols (catechin) might be increasing activity of GR, Apx and CAT by elevating their mRNAs levels. Since these enzymes are involved in scavenging of reactive oxygen species, this strategy would help in tailoring crops for enhanced catechin production as well as making them tolerant to oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahajan
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
| | - R Joshi
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
| | - A Gulati
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
| | - S K Yadav
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Palampur, India
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Shanker AK, Maddaala A, Kumar MA, Yadav SK, Maheswari M, Venkateswarlu B. In silico targeted genome mining and comparative modelling reveals a putative protein similar to an Arabidopsis drought tolerance DNA binding transcription factor in Chromosome 6 of Sorghum bicolor genome. Interdiscip Sci 2012; 4:133-41. [PMID: 22843236 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-012-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Arabidopsis Thaliana HARDY (AtHRD) is a gene with an APETELA 2 / Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) domain linked to improved performance under drought in rice. We hypothesized that the sorghum genome could possess a similar gene product and were motivated to conduct a computational genome scale mining for the protein and analyse its structural and functional properties. AtHRD sequence was used as a query to BLAST against the sorghum genome dataset followed by multiple alignment analysis. A homology model of the target was built using a template detected based on the pair-wise comparison of hidden Markov models for alignments. DNA docking with a matrix of homologous interface contacts was done. Functional and structural analysis of the query and target was conducted using various online servers. A High-scoring segment pair from Chromosome 6 of the sorghum genome in the region between 54948120 and 54948668 had 68 amino acid similarities out of the 184 residues and was 1.4% above twilight zone threshold. The homology model showed 86.8% residues in most favoured regions. The target protein which had an AP2/ERF domain when docked with GCC box DNA motif had conserved residues involved in binding; it had a long unstructured region beyond the AP2 domain with several motifs for the recognition of serine/threonine protein kinase group. The protein model showed that it could bind to a GCC box which is present in several drought responsive genes. The presence of possible signalling domains and intrinsic disorder in the target protein suggest that this could play a role in drought tolerance which is an inherent character of sorghum. These results offer a jumpstart for validation experiments which could pave the way for cis/trans genic improvement of a range of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Shanker
- Division of Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Santosh Nagar, Saidabad P.O., Hyderabad, 500059, India.
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Yadav SK, Haldar C, Singh SS. Variation in melatonin receptors (Mel(1a) and Mel(1b)) and androgen receptor (AR) expression in the spleen of a seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 92:54-61. [PMID: 21963392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Daily variation in the peripheral level of melatonin plays a major role in integrating reproduction and environmental information for seasonally breeding birds. However, the variation in immunity and reproduction has never been assessed in any avian species on a 24 h time scale. Therefore, to understand the relationship between immune function and reproductive phases in a seasonally breeding bird, Perdicula asiatica, the Indian jungle bush quail, we studied the daily variation of melatonin and testosterone levels along with expression of their receptors Mel(1a), Mel(1b), and androgen receptor in the spleen during the reproductively active phase. Immunocytochemistry for the melatonin receptors Mel(1a) and Mel(1b) presented a differential distribution pattern. Western blot of splenic protein suggested a daily rhythm of melatonin receptors, while acrophases for the two melatonin receptors Mel(1a) and Mel(1b) differed by 4 h, suggesting that the expression of the receptors may peak at different times, causing more of either Mel(1a) or Mel(1b) to be available at a particular time to mediate function. The circulatory melatonin level correlated with percentage stimulation ratio of splenocytes and plasma interleukin-2 level, but did not correlate with testosterone or androgen receptor, suggesting that melatonin could be a major hormone imparting a time-of-day effect on the modulation of immune function in a seasonally breeding bird during the reproductively active phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND south east Asia is an endemic zone for cysticercosis. Oocular cysticercosis is emerging as a common problem which if untreated can lead to severe visual loss in 3-5 years. CASES we describe here a case series of three patients with intravitreal cysticercosis and managed by surgical cyst removal by pars plana vitrectomy. OBSERVATION the procedure was successful in all cases to maintain anatomical integrity of the globe with some functional gain of vision. CONCLUSION surgical intervention in ocular intravitreal cysticercosis is an acceptable approach with good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Biratnagar Eye Hospital, Biratnagar, Vitreo-Retina Services, Morang, Nepal.
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Yadav SK, Pandey P, Kumar B, Suresh BG. Genetic architecture, inter-relationship and selection criteria for yield improvement in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pak J Biol Sci 2011; 14:540-5. [PMID: 22032083 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2011.540.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study has been conducted to determine the extent of genetic association between yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its components. The present experiment was carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated in a randomized block design with 3 replications during wet season of 2007 and 2008. Results showed that sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. Higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for seed yield, harvest index, biological yield, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, plant height and number of tillers indicates that these characters are least influence by environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for seed yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield and flag leaf length, suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield, indicating these are the main contributors to yield. From this study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to yield. Thus, these characters may serve selection criteria for improving genetic potential of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottomrn Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007 (U.P.), India
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Agarwal S, Yadav SK, Dixit A. Heterologous expression of Translocated promoter region protein, Tpr, identified as a transcription factor from Rattus norvegicus. Protein Expr Purif 2011; 77:112-7. [PMID: 21216290 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Revised: 12/31/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies have demonstrated that the 35 kDa isoform of Translocated promoter region protein (Tpr) of Rattus norvegicus was able to augment c-jun transcription efficiently. Identification of direct targets that may in part downregulate c-jun transcription might prove to be an ideal target to curtail the proliferation of normal cells under pathophysiological conditions. In order to evaluate its potential as a pharmaceutical target, the protein must be produced and purified in sufficiently high yields. In the present study, we report the high level expression of Tpr protein of R. norvegicus employing heterologous host, Escherichia coli, to permit its structural characterization in great detail. We here demonstrate that the Tpr protein was expressed in soluble form and approximately 90 mg/L of the purified protein at the shake flask level could be achieved to near homogeneity using single step-metal chelate affinity chromatography. The amino acid sequence of the protein was confirmed by mass spectroscopic analysis. The highly unstable and disordered Tpr protein was imparted structural and functional stability by the addition of glycerol and it has been shown that the natively unfolded Tpr protein retains DNA binding ability under these conditions only. Thus, the present study emphasizes the significance of an efficient prokaryotic system, which results in a high level soluble expression of a DNA binding protein of eukaryotic origin. Thus, the present strategy employed for purification of the R. norvegicus Tpr protein bypasses the need for the tedious expression strategies associated with the eukaryotic expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Agarwal
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Gaur R, Singh R, Tiwari S, Yadav SK, Daramwal NS. Optimization of physico-chemical and nutritional parameters for a novel pullulan-producing fungus, Eurotium chevalieri. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1035-43. [PMID: 20456529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, Dr R. M. L. Avadh University, Faizabad (UP), India.
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Yadav SK, Saksena S, Srivastava A, Srivastava A, Saraswat VA, Thomas MA, Rathore RKS, Gupta RK. Brain MR imaging and 1H-MR spectroscopy changes in patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction from early childhood to adulthood. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1337-42. [PMID: 20223885 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging and (1)H-MR spectroscopy changes are well reported in cirrhotic patients, whereas they are inadequately reported in EHPVO. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related changes in brain MR imaging and metabolite profile in EHPVO with and without MHE and to explore any correlation of imaging and (1)H-MR spectroscopy parameters with blood ammonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-three patients with EHPVO (children, 7-12 years [n = 22], adolescents, 13-18 years [n = 15] and adults, 19-41 years [n = 26]) and 47 healthy age/sex-matched volunteers were studied. Neuropsychological tests, MR imaging, (1)H-MR spectroscopy, and blood ammonia estimation were performed in all subjects. RESULTS Of 63 EHPVO patients, 25 (40%) who had MHE showed significantly increased MD, Glx, and blood ammonia in all 3 age groups; however, myo-inositol was significantly lower only in adults when compared with controls. MD positively correlated with blood ammonia and Glx in all age groups. Brain choline levels were normal in all patients with different age groups. CONCLUSIONS Increases in brain MD, Glx, and blood ammonia were associated with MHE in all age groups. Normal brain choline in EHPVO signifies healthy liver and may serve as a diagnostic marker for its differentiation from cirrhosis-induced encephalopathy. Significant decrease of myo-inositol in adults is probably due to cellular osmoregulation secondary to long-standing hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, UP, India
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Choudhary H, Agrawal AK, Malviya R, Yadav SK, Jaliwala YA, Patil UK. Evaluation and optimization of preparative variables for controlled-release floating microspheres of levodopa/carbidopa. Pharmazie 2010; 65:194-198. [PMID: 20383939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa, a prodrug of dopamine, is the first line drug in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. All current levodopa products are formulated in combination with aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors such as carbidopa or benserazide to prevent the peripheral metabolism of levodopa. The objective of the present investigation was to produce floating microspheres of carbidopa (CD)/levodopa (LD) to enhance their efficacy by increasing their gastric residence time, which is major technique to improve efficacy of narrow absorption window drugs. The microspheres were prepared by the o/w emulsion-solvent diffusion method using polymers hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose K15 M (HPMC K15 M) and ethyl cellulose (EC). The effects of various formulation and process variables on the particle size, in vitro floating behavior, percent drug entrapment, and in vitro drug release were studied. The size and surface morphology of prepared microspheres were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. In vitro drug release studies were performed and drug release kinetics was evaluated using the linear regression analysis. The prepared microspheres exhibited prolonged drug release (approximately 10h) and remained buoyant for >12 h. Spherical and smooth-surfaced microspheres with encapsulation efficiency ranging from 43% to 80% were obtained. In vitro studies demonstrated diffusion-controlled drug release from the microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choudhary
- Nano Carriers Research Laboratory, V. N.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Neelbud, Bhopal (M.P.), India
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Agrawal AK, Gupta PN, Khanna A, Sharma RK, Chandrawanshi HK, Gupta N, Patil UK, Yadav SK. Development and characterization of in situ gel system for nasal insulin delivery. Pharmazie 2010; 65:188-193. [PMID: 20383938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to develop a thermosensitive in situ gel system based on chitosan and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) for nasal delivery of insulin. The hydrogel was prepared by mixing chitosan and PVA. The concentration of the components was optimized during formulation development. The prepared hydrogel was characterized for gelation temperature, gelation time, viscosity changes, degree of swelling, in vitro release and in vivo hypoglycemic effect. The prepared hydrogel was liquid at room temperature while underwent thermal transition from solution below or at room temperature to non-flowing hydrogel when incubated at 37 degrees C for approximately 12 minutes with increased viscosity. The in vitro release of insulin from gel network was observed spectrophotometrically which was good enough to maintain blood glucose level for six hour. Furthermore, the formulation when evaluated for their in vivo hypoglycemic effect, demonstrated its ability to reduce glucose level. The observed in vitro and in vivo results indicate that the proposed thermosensitive in situ gelling system has substantial potential as nasal delivery system for insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Agrawal
- Drug and Vaccine Delivery Research Laboratory, V.N.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Neelbud, Bhopal (M.P.), India
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Malhotra HS, Jain KK, Agarwal A, Singh MK, Yadav SK, Husain M, Krishnani N, Gupta RK. Characterization of tumefactive demyelinating lesions using MR imaging and in-vivo proton MR spectroscopy. Mult Scler 2008; 15:193-203. [PMID: 19181773 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508097922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Diagnosis of tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) is challenging to both clinicians and radiologists. Our objective in this study was to analyze and characterize these lesions clinically, biochemically, electrophysiologically, and on imaging. Methods A retrospective analysis with prospective follow-up of 18 cases of TDLs was performed. Imaging included T2-, T1-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), post-contrast T1-weighted, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS). Results All the lesions appeared hyperintense on T2 and FLAIR images. Increased Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) (0.93–2.21 × 10−3 mm2/s) in centre of the lesion was seen in 14/18 cases; however, peripheral restriction (ADC values 0.55–0.64 × 10−3 mm2/s) was noted in 11/18 cases. In all, 13/18 cases showed contrast enhancement with open ring ( n = 5), complete ring ( n = 1), minimal ( n = 4), and infiltrative ( n = 3) pattern of enhancement. Nine of these 13 cases also showed venular enhancement. On PMRS, nine showed glutamate/glutamine (Glx) at 2.4 ppm. Conclusion Clinical features along with several MRI characteristics such as open ring enhancement, peripheral restriction on DWI, venular enhancement, and presence of Glx on spectroscopy may be rewarding in differentiating TDLs from neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- HS Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - KK Jain
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Agarwal
- Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - MK Singh
- Department of Neurology, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - SK Yadav
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Husain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chhatrapati Sahuji Maharaj Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N Krishnani
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - RK Gupta
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kahaly S, Yadav SK, Wang WM, Sengupta S, Sheng ZM, Das A, Kaw PK, Kumar GR. Near-complete absorption of intense, ultrashort laser light by sub-lambda gratings. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:145001. [PMID: 18851536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.145001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate near-100% light absorption and increased x-ray emission from dense plasmas created on solid surfaces with a periodic sub-lambda structure. The efficacy of the structure-induced surface plasmon resonance, responsible for enhanced absorption, is directly tested at the highest intensities to date (3 x 10{15} W cm{-2}) via systematic, correlated measurements of absorption and x-ray emission. An analytical grating model as well as 2D particle-in-cell simulations conclusively explain our observations. Our study offers a definite, quantitative way forward for optimizing and understanding the absorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Kahaly
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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Kumar GP, Yadav SK, Thawale PR, Singh SK, Juwarkar AA. Growth of Jatropha curcas on heavy metal contaminated soil amended with industrial wastes and Azotobacter. A greenhouse study. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:2078-82. [PMID: 17482809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2006] [Revised: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of organic wastes (biosludge and dairy sludge) and biofertilizer (Azotobacter chroococcum) on the planting conditions of Jatropha curcas in metal contaminated soils. Results showed that the plants survival rate in heavy metal contaminated soil increased with addition of amendments. Treatment T6 (heavy metal contaminated soils+dairy sludge+biofertilizer) observed to be the best treatment for growth (height and biomass) as compared with the treatment T5 (heavy metal contaminated soils+biosludge+biofertilizer). In addition, organic amendments provided nutrients such as carbon, N, P and K to support plant growth and reduced the metal toxicity to plant. The present study showed that metal contaminated lands/soils could be suitably remediated by adapting appropriate measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Kumar
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, India
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Prabhu LV, Rai R, Pai MM, Yadav SK, Madhyastha S, Goel RK, Singh G, Nasar MA. Teratogenic effects of the anticonvulsant gabapentin in mice. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:47-53. [PMID: 18204769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to study and elucidate the safety profile of the antiepileptic doses of gabapentin during pregnancy, and to evaluate gabapentin-induced murine fetotoxicity at different dose levels. METHODS A total of 60 pregnant mice, divided into 12 groups of five mice each, were exposed to gabapentin in four different doses of 0 (control), 113, 226, or 452 mg/kg body weight per day, at three different gestational stages including early gestation (1-6 days), mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days). The pregnant mice were euthanized on day 18 of gestation, and foetuses were examined for teratogenic manifestations. Their brains were dissected and examined for gross changes, malformations, histological changes, and quantitative protein estimation. RESULTS Foetal resorptions were observed in all treated groups with gabapentin administration at early gestation (1-6 days), and mid-gestation (7-12 days). On the other hand, growth retardation along with stunting in size of live foetuses were observed in all the mid-gestation (7-12 days), and late gestation (13-17 days) treated groups. Various gross malformations were observed with all the three doses (113, 226, and 452 mg/kg body weight per day) when gabapentin was administered at mid-gestation (7-12 days). The same trends were confirmed by gross and microscopic examination of brains along with quantitative protein estimation. CONCLUSION Gabapentin should not be prescribed during pregnancy, as no therapeutic dose of gabapentin is safe during this period as far as the foetal well-being is concerned.
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Khanna AK, Yadav SK, Dixit VK, Nath G, Kumar M, Khanna A. CA 19-9 in Various Gastrointestinal Malignancies in an Indian Population. Trop Doct 2004; 34:107-8. [PMID: 15117144 DOI: 10.1177/004947550403400220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Khanna
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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Yadav SK, Sehgal S. Effect of domestic processing and cooking methods on total, HCl extractable iron and in vitro availability of iron in bathua and fenugreek leaves. Nutr Health 2003; 17:61-3. [PMID: 12803282 DOI: 10.1177/026010600301700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India
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Yadav SK, Sehgal S. Effect of domestic processing and cooking methods on total, hcl extractable iron and in vitro availability of iron in spinach and amaranth leaves. Nutr Health 2003; 16:113-20. [PMID: 12102364 DOI: 10.1177/026010600201600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracia) and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor) leaves were stored in polyethylene bags and without packing for 24 and 48 hours in a refrigerator at 5 degrees C and 30 degrees C in polyethylene bags. The fresh leaves were also dried (oven and sun), blanched (5, 10 and 15 min) and cooked in an open pan and a pressure cooker. The processed leaves were analysed for total iron, its availability and antinutrient content. The iron content of these leaves varied from 26.54 to 34.14 mg/100 g, dry weight and its HCl-extractability and in vitro availability were 62.11-67.18% and 3.03-3.97% of total respectively. Drying and storage had no significant effect on total iron content, HCl-extractability and availability (in vitro), while blanching and cooking resulted in significant improvement of iron availability, and a significant reduction in oxalic acid content, while only blanching significantly reduced phytic acid and polyphenol contents. Thus cooking and blanching are good ways to improve HCl-extractability and in vitro availability of iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yadav
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
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Jood S, Gupta M, Yadav SK, Khetarpaul N. Effect of supplementation on haemoglobin and serum retinol levels and nutritional status of school children of northern India. Nutr Health 2002; 15:97-111. [PMID: 11694072 DOI: 10.1177/026010600101500203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation study was carried out in 66 children of 10-12 years of age for a period of about 4 months. On the basis of blood analysis, 33 children were taken as deficient having low level of both Hb (<10 g/dl) and serum retinol (< 20 microg/dl). Similar number of children (33) were selected as control purposively who had Hb > 10 g/dl and serum retinol > 20 microg/dl. Average daily consumption of cereals, pulses, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, fats and oils, and sugar and jaggery was below the recommended dietary intake in control as well as deficient subjects, however, control children consumed more when compared to deficient children. Among nutrients the daily mean intake of energy, protein, iron, n-carotene and vitamin C were found lower than RDA in deficient subjects as compared to control subjects. Feeding of 100 g/day of cauliflower leaves powder supplements i.e. biscuits and shakarpara improved the Hb, serum retinol, height, weight and nutritional status in deficient subjects. The increase in Hb, serum retinol, weight and height in supplemented group was 14.61, 33.27, 4.48 and 7.06%, respectively. Initially, 27.27% children had normal nutritional status in deficient group, but after supplementation this value was increased to 42.42%. Higher percentage of children having deficiency signs of vitamin A (6.06%), iron (66.67%), B-complex vitamin (9.09%), and symptoms of protein-energy-malnutrition (72.73%) was observed in deficient subjects as compared to control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jood
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004, India
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