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Desai P, Karl CE, Ying B, Liang CY, Garcia-Salum T, Santana AC, Caten FT, Urban JF, Elbashir SM, Edwards DK, Ribeiro SP, Thackray LB, Sekaly RP, Diamond MS. Intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine-induced T cell responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.14.575588. [PMID: 38293221 PMCID: PMC10827110 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Although vaccines have reduced COVID-19 disease burden, their efficacy in helminth infection endemic areas is not well characterized. We evaluated the impact of infection by Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), a murine intestinal hookworm, on the efficacy of an mRNA vaccine targeting the Wuhan-1 spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Although immunization generated similar B cell responses in Hpb-infected and uninfected mice, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were markedly reduced in Hpb-infected mice. Hpb-infected and mRNA vaccinated mice were protected against the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain WA1/2020, but control of lung infection was diminished against an Omicron variant compared to animals immunized without Hpb infection. Helminth mediated suppression of spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses occurred independently of STAT6 signaling, whereas blockade of IL-10 rescued vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses. In mice, intestinal helminth infection impairs vaccine induced T cell responses via an IL-10 pathway and compromises protection against antigenically shifted SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Courtney E. Karl
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamara Garcia-Salum
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Carolina Santana
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Felipe Ten Caten
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph F. Urban
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, and Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | | | | | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larissa B. Thackray
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rafick P. Sekaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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2
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Upadhyay AA, Viox EG, Hoang TN, Boddapati AK, Pino M, Lee MYH, Corry J, Strongin Z, Cowan DA, Beagle EN, Horton TR, Hamilton S, Aoued H, Harper JL, Edwards CT, Nguyen K, Pellegrini KL, Tharp GK, Piantadosi A, Levit RD, Amara RR, Barratt-Boyes SM, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Paiardini M, Bosinger SE. TREM2 + and interstitial-like macrophages orchestrate airway inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1914. [PMID: 37024448 PMCID: PMC10078029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunopathological mechanisms driving the development of severe COVID-19 remain poorly defined. Here, we utilize a rhesus macaque model of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection to delineate perturbations in the innate immune system. SARS-CoV-2 initiates a rapid infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the lower airway, commensurate with IFNA production, natural killer cell activation, and a significant increase of blood CD14-CD16+ monocytes. To dissect the contribution of lung myeloid subsets to airway inflammation, we generate a longitudinal scRNA-Seq dataset of airway cells, and map these subsets to corresponding populations in the human lung. SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits a rapid recruitment of two macrophage subsets: CD163+MRC1-, and TREM2+ populations that are the predominant source of inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with baricitinib (Olumiant®), a JAK1/2 inhibitor is effective in eliminating the influx of non-alveolar macrophages, with a reduction of inflammatory cytokines. This study delineates the major lung macrophage subsets driving airway inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit A Upadhyay
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elise G Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy N Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Y-H Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Corry
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Cowan
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Beagle
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tristan R Horton
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sydney Hamilton
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hadj Aoued
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Justin L Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christopher T Edwards
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Nguyen
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Emory NPRC Genomics Core Laboratory, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Simon M Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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4
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Harper J, Ribeiro SP, Chan CN, Aid M, Deleage C, Micci L, Pino M, Cervasi B, Raghunathan G, Rimmer E, Ayanoglu G, Wu G, Shenvi N, Barnard RJ, Del Prete GQ, Busman-Sahay K, Silvestri G, Kulpa DA, Bosinger SE, Easley KA, Howell BJ, Gorman D, Hazuda DJ, Estes JD, Sekaly RP, Paiardini M. Interleukin-10 contributes to reservoir establishment and persistence in SIV-infected macaques treated with antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155251. [PMID: 35230978 PMCID: PMC9012284 DOI: 10.1172/jci155251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an immunosuppressive cytokine that signals through STAT3 to regulate T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation and germinal center formation. In SIV-infected macaques, levels of IL-10 in plasma and lymph nodes (LNs) were induced by infection and not normalized with antiretroviral therapy (ART). During chronic infection, plasma IL-10 and transcriptomic signatures of IL-10 signaling were correlated with the cell-associated SIV-DNA content within LN CD4+ memory subsets, including Tfh cells, and predicted the frequency of CD4+ Tfh cells and their cell-associated SIV-DNA content during ART, respectively. In ART-treated rhesus macaques, cells harboring SIV-DNA by DNAscope were preferentially found in the LN B cell follicle in proximity to IL-10. Finally, we demonstrated that the in vivo neutralization of soluble IL-10 in ART-treated, SIV-infected macaques reduced B cell follicle maintenance and, by extension, LN memory CD4+ T cells, including Tfh cells and those expressing PD-1 and CTLA-4. Thus, these data support a role for IL-10 in maintaining a pool of target cells in lymphoid tissue that serve as a niche for viral persistence. Targeting IL-10 signaling to impair CD4+ T cell survival and improve antiviral immune responses may represent a novel approach to limit viral persistence in ART-suppressed people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chi Ngai Chan
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Micci
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Barbara Cervasi
- Flow Cytometry Core, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Eric Rimmer
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gulesi Ayanoglu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Neeta Shenvi
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard J.O. Barnard
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deanna A. Kulpa
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kirk A. Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Howell
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Daria J. Hazuda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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5
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Upadhyay AA, Hoang TN, Pino M, Boddapati AK, Viox EG, Lee MYH, Corry J, Strongin Z, Cowan DA, Beagle EN, Horton TR, Hamilton S, Aoued H, Harper JL, Nguyen K, Pellegrini KL, Tharp GK, Piantadosi A, Levit RD, Amara RR, Barratt-Boyes SM, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Paiardini M, Bosinger SE. TREM2+ and interstitial macrophages orchestrate airway inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques. bioRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34642693 PMCID: PMC8509096 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.05.463212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a global health crisis, yet, the immunopathological mechanisms driving the development of severe disease remain poorly defined. Here, we utilize a rhesus macaque (RM) model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to delineate perturbations in the innate immune system during acute infection using an integrated systems analysis. We found that SARS-CoV-2 initiated a rapid infiltration (two days post infection) of plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the lower airway, commensurate with IFNA production, natural killer cell activation, and induction of interferon-stimulated genes. At this early interval, we also observed a significant increase of blood CD14-CD16+ monocytes. To dissect the contribution of lung myeloid subsets to airway inflammation, we generated a novel compendium of RM-specific lung macrophage gene expression using a combination of sc-RNA-Seq data and bulk RNA-Seq of purified populations under steady state conditions. Using these tools, we generated a longitudinal sc-RNA-seq dataset of airway cells in SARS-CoV-2-infected RMs. We identified that SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited a rapid recruitment of two subsets of macrophages into the airway: a C206+MRC1-population resembling murine interstitial macrophages, and a TREM2+ population consistent with CCR2+ infiltrating monocytes, into the alveolar space. These subsets were the predominant source of inflammatory cytokines, accounting for ~75% of IL6 and TNF production, and >90% of IL10 production, whereas the contribution of CD206+MRC+ alveolar macrophages was significantly lower. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected RMs with baricitinib (Olumiant ® ), a novel JAK1/2 inhibitor that recently received Emergency Use Authorization for the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, was remarkably effective in eliminating the influx of infiltrating, non-alveolar macrophages in the alveolar space, with a concomitant reduction of inflammatory cytokines. This study has delineated the major subsets of lung macrophages driving inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production within the alveolar space during SARS-CoV-2 infection. One sentence summary Multi-omic analyses of hyperacute SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques identified two population of infiltrating macrophages, as the primary orchestrators of inflammation in the lower airway that can be successfully treated with baricitinib.
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Corrêa CA, Migliore LJ, Brügger BP, Zanuncio AJV, Zanuncio JC, Ribeiro SP. Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) logs in the Atlantic Forest biome: first host plant for Thoracibidion lineatocolle (Col.: Cerambycidae) and a new host for Temnopis megacephala (Col.: Cerambycidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e240126. [PMID: 34105682 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.240126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wood-boring beetles develop in live trees and dead wood, performing ecological services such as decomposition and regulation of forest resources. Species of the Cerambycidae family, widely distributed in the world, bore into the trunks of trees and dead wood in native and cultivated areas. The objective is to report the first host plant for Thoracibidion lineatocolle (Thomson, 1865) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and a new host plant for Temnopis megacephala (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Three logs, with one-meter-long by 20 cm in diameter, were cut from the trunk of a healthy Anadenanthera colubrina (Fabaceae) tree in October 2013 and tied in the understory at 1.5m high in the Rio Doce State Park, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The logs, exposed in the forest, were each removed after 40, 80 and 120 days and stored individually in a cardboard box in the "Laboratório de Campo do Projeto de Ecologia de Longa Duração (PELD-CNPq)" in the Rio Doce State Park. A total of 94 individuals of T. lineatocolle and 228 of T. megacephala emerged from the A. colubrina logs. This is the first report of a host plant for T. lineatocolle and a new host plant for T. megacephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas - NUPEB, Laboratório de Ecologia do Adoecimento e Florestas - LEAF, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Insetos - LCBI, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - L J Migliore
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas - NUPEB, Laboratório de Ecologia do Adoecimento e Florestas - LEAF, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Departamento de Entomologia - MZUSP, Laboratório de Coleoptera, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - B P Brügger
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Insetos - LCBI, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Laboratório de Ecologia Comportamental e Bioacústica - LABEC, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - A J V Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal - DEF, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Insetos - LCBI, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - UFOP, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas - NUPEB, Laboratório de Ecologia do Adoecimento e Florestas - LEAF, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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7
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Hoang TN, Pino M, Boddapati AK, Viox EG, Starke CE, Upadhyay AA, Gumber S, Nekorchuk M, Busman-Sahay K, Strongin Z, Harper JL, Tharp GK, Pellegrini KL, Kirejczyk S, Zandi K, Tao S, Horton TR, Beagle EN, Mahar EA, Lee MY, Cohen J, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Stammen RL, Delmas OM, Wang S, Cooney KA, Sayegh MN, Wang L, Filev PD, Weiskopf D, Silvestri G, Waggoner J, Piantadosi A, Kasturi SP, Al-Shakhshir H, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Levit RD, Estes JD, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Baricitinib treatment resolves lower-airway macrophage inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Cell 2021; 184:460-475.e21. [PMID: 33278358 PMCID: PMC7654323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-induced hypercytokinemia and inflammation are critically associated with COVID-19 severity. Baricitinib, a clinically approved JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, is currently being investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials. Here, we investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral shedding measured from nasal and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavages, and tissues was not reduced with baricitinib. Type I interferon (IFN) antiviral responses and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses remained similar between the two groups. Animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced inflammation, decreased lung infiltration of inflammatory cells, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. Importantly, baricitinib-treated animals had a rapid and remarkably potent suppression of lung macrophage production of cytokines and chemokines responsible for inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. These data support a beneficial role for, and elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying, the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N. Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Arun K. Boddapati
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elise G. Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Carly E. Starke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Amit A. Upadhyay
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michael Nekorchuk
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Justin L. Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Gregory K. Tharp
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Pellegrini
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sijia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tristan R. Horton
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Beagle
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ernestine A. Mahar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michelle Y.H. Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sherrie M. Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Rachelle L. Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Olivia M. Delmas
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Cooney
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael N. Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Peter D. Filev
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sudhir P. Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rafick P. Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Thomas H. Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Raymond F. Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA,Corresponding author
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8
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Hoang TN, Pino M, Boddapati AK, Viox EG, Starke CE, Upadhyay AA, Gumber S, Busman-Sahay K, Strongin Z, Harper JL, Tharp GK, Pellegrini KL, Kirejczyk S, Zandi K, Tao S, Horton TR, Beagle EN, Mahar EA, Lee MY, Cohen J, Jean SM, Wood JS, Connor-Stroud F, Stammen RL, Delmas OM, Wang S, Cooney KA, Sayegh MN, Wang L, Weiskopf D, Filev PD, Waggoner J, Piantadosi A, Kasturi SP, Al-Shakhshir H, Ribeiro SP, Sekaly RP, Levit RD, Estes JD, Vanderford TH, Schinazi RF, Bosinger SE, Paiardini M. Baricitinib treatment resolves lower airway inflammation and neutrophil recruitment in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. bioRxiv 2020:2020.09.16.300277. [PMID: 32995780 PMCID: PMC7523106 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.16.300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapeutics aimed at mitigating COVID-19 symptoms are urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 induced hypercytokinemia and systemic inflammation are associated with disease severity. Baricitinib, a clinically approved JAK1/2 inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory properties is currently being investigated in COVID-19 human clinical trials. Recent reports suggest that baricitinib may also have antiviral activity in limiting viral endocytosis. Here, we investigated the immunologic and virologic efficacy of baricitinib in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Viral shedding measured from nasal and throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavages and tissues was not reduced with baricitinib. Type I IFN antiviral responses and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses remained similar between the two groups. Importantly, however, animals treated with baricitinib showed reduced immune activation, decreased infiltration of neutrophils into the lung, reduced NETosis activity, and more limited lung pathology. Moreover, baricitinib treated animals had a rapid and remarkably potent suppression of alveolar macrophage derived production of cytokines and chemokines responsible for inflammation and neutrophil recruitment. These data support a beneficial role for, and elucidate the immunological mechanisms underlying, the use of baricitinib as a frontline treatment for severe inflammation induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy N Hoang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Pino
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arun K Boddapati
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elise G Viox
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carly E Starke
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Zachary Strongin
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin L Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory K Tharp
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kathryn L Pellegrini
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shannon Kirejczyk
- Division of Pathology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keivan Zandi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sijia Tao
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tristan R Horton
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth N Beagle
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ernestine A Mahar
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michelle Yh Lee
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joyce Cohen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sherrie M Jean
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer S Wood
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fawn Connor-Stroud
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rachelle L Stammen
- Division of Animal Resources, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Olivia M Delmas
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberly A Cooney
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael N Sayegh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter D Filev
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sudhir P Kasturi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hilmi Al-Shakhshir
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rafick P Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca D Levit
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Thomas H Vanderford
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes Genomics Core Laboratory, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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9
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McGary CS, Deleage C, Harper J, Micci L, Ribeiro SP, Paganini S, Kuri-Cervantes L, Benne C, Ryan ES, Balderas R, Jean S, Easley K, Marconi V, Silvestri G, Estes JD, Sekaly RP, Paiardini M. CTLA-4 +PD-1 - Memory CD4 + T Cells Critically Contribute to Viral Persistence in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed, SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques. Immunity 2017; 47:776-788.e5. [PMID: 29045906 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses viral replication in HIV-infected individuals but does not eliminate the reservoir of latently infected cells. Recent work identified PD-1+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells as an important cellular compartment for viral persistence. Here, using ART-treated, SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we show that CTLA-4+PD-1- memory CD4+ T cells, which share phenotypic markers with regulatory T cells, were enriched in SIV DNA in blood, lymph nodes (LN), spleen, and gut, and contained replication-competent and infectious virus. In contrast to PD-1+ Tfh cells, SIV-enriched CTLA-4+PD-1- CD4+ T cells were found outside the B cell follicle of the LN, predicted the size of the persistent viral reservoir during ART, and significantly increased their contribution to the SIV reservoir with prolonged ART-mediated viral suppression. We have shown that CTLA-4+PD-1- memory CD4+ T cells are a previously unrecognized component of the SIV and HIV reservoir that should be therapeutically targeted for a functional HIV-1 cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S McGary
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Claire Deleage
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Justin Harper
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Luca Micci
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sara Paganini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Clarisse Benne
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emily S Ryan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | - Sherrie Jean
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kirk Easley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Vincent Marconi
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jacob D Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rafick-Pierre Sekaly
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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10
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Fagundes R, Dáttilo W, Ribeiro SP, Rico-Gray V, Jordano P, Del-Claro K. Differences among ant species in plant protection are related to production of extrafloral nectar and degree of leaf herbivory. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fagundes
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Acarape, Ceará, Brasil
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - W Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetologia, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - V Rico-Gray
- Instituto de Neuroetologia, Univesidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - P Jordano
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, EDB-CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - K Del-Claro
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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11
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Bezerra-Souza A, Yamamoto ES, Laurenti MD, Ribeiro SP, Passero LFD. The antifungal compound butenafine eliminates promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:702-707. [PMID: 27546158 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The production of ergosterol lipid, important for the Leishmania membrane homeostasis, involves different enzymes. This pathway can be blocked to azoles and allylamines drugs, such as Butenafine. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anti-leishmanicidal activity of this drug in 2 major species of Leishmania responsible for causing the American tegumentar leishmaniasis (L. (L.) amazonensis and L. (V.) braziliensis). Butenafine eliminated promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis with efficacy similar to miltefosine, a standard anti-leishmania drug. In addition, butenafine induced alterations in promastigote forms of L. amazonensis that resemble programmed cell death. Butenafine as well as miltefosine presented mild toxicity in peritoneal macrophages, however, butenafine was more effective to eliminate intracellular amastigotes of both L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, and this effect was not associated with elevated levels of nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide. Taken together, data presented herein suggests that butenafine can be considered as a prototype drug able to eliminate L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, etiological agents of anergic diffuse and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Bezerra-Souza
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM-50), Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 455, 01246903 Cerqueira César, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Case Western Reserve University, Pathology Department, Cleveland, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, LIM60, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- São Vicente Unit, Paulista Coastal Campus, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n, 11330-900 São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Yamamoto ES, Campos BLS, Jesus JA, Laurenti MD, Ribeiro SP, Kallás EG, Rafael-Fernandes M, Santos-Gomes G, Silva MS, Sessa DP, Lago JHG, Levy D, Passero LFD. The Effect of Ursolic Acid on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Is Related to Programed Cell Death and Presents Therapeutic Potential in Experimental Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144946. [PMID: 26674781 PMCID: PMC4699202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis is one of the most important ones, affecting more than 12 million people worldwide. The available treatments are not well tolerated, and present diverse side effects, justifying the search for new therapeutic compounds. In the present study, the activity of ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) were assayed in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis (in vitro and in vivo). Promastigote forms of L. amazonensis were incubated with OA and UA for 24h, and effective concentration 50% (EC50) was estimated. Ultraestructural alterations in Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes after UA treatment were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and the possible mode of action was assayed through Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, caspase 3/7 activity, DNA fragmentation and transmembrane mitochondrial potential. The UA potential was evaluated in intracellular amastigotes, and its therapeutic potential was evaluated in L. amazonensis infected BALB/c mice. UA eliminated L. amazonensis promastigotes with an EC50 of 6.4 μg/mL, comparable with miltefosine, while OA presented only a marginal effect on promastigote forms at 100 μg/mL. The possible mechanism by which promastigotes were eliminated by UA was programmed cell death, independent of caspase 3/7, but it was highly dependent on mitochondria activity. UA was not toxic for peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice, and it was able to eliminate intracellular amastigotes, associated with nitric oxide (NO) production. OA did not eliminate amastigotes nor trigger NO. L. amazonensis infected BALB/c mice submitted to UA treatment presented lesser lesion size and parasitism compared to control. This study showed, for the first time, that UA eliminate promastigote forms through a mechanism associated with programed cell death, and importantly, was effective in vivo. Therefore, UA can be considered an interesting candidate for future tests as a prototype drug for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo S Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno L S Campos
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica A Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Susan P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, 2103 Cornell Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America
| | - Esper G Kallás
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine. Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rafael-Fernandes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Santos-Gomes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcelo S Silva
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Deborah P Sessa
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09920-000, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João H G Lago
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, 09920-000, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine. Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 155. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz F D Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), Department of Pathology, Medical School of São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455. Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-903, SP, Brazil
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13
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Campos BLS, Silva TN, Ribeiro SP, Carvalho KIL, Kallás EG, Laurenti MD, Passero LFD. Analysis of iron superoxide dismutase-encoding DNA vaccine on the evolution of the Leishmania amazonensis experimental infection. Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:407-16. [PMID: 26040192 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of Leishmania amazonensis iron superoxide dismutase (SOD)-encoding DNA experimental vaccine and the protective properties of this DNA vaccine during infection. The SOD gene was subcloned into the pVAX1 plasmid, and it was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Twenty-one days after the last immunization, mice were sacrificed (immunogenicity studies) or subcutaneously challenged with L. amazonensis (studies of protection), and alterations in cellular and humoral immune responses were evaluated, as well as the course of infection. Mice only immunized with pVAX1-SOD presented increased frequencies of CD4(+) IFN-γ(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) lymphocytes; moreover, high levels of IgG2a were detected. After challenge, mice that were immunized with pVAX1-SOD had increased frequencies of the CD4(+)IL-4(+), CD8(+)IFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)IL-4(+) T lymphocytes. In addition, the lymph node cells produced high amounts of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines. Increased IgG2a was also detected. The pattern of immunity induced by pVAX1-SOD partially protected the BALB/c mice from a challenge with L. amazonensis, as the animals presented reduced parasitism and lesion size when compared to controls. Taken together, these results indicate that leishmanial SOD modulates the lymphocyte response, and that the elevation in IFN-γ possibly accounted for the decreased skin parasitism observed in immunized animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L S Campos
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T N Silva
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K I L Carvalho
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E G Kallás
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (LIM60), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Investigation in Immunology - iii-INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L F D Passero
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases (LIM50), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Barbosa BC, Fagundes R, Silva LF, Tofoli JFV, Santos AM, Imai BYP, Gomes GG, Hermidorff MM, Ribeiro SP. Evidences that human disturbance simplify the ant fauna associated a Stachytarpheta glabra Cham. (Verbenaceae) compromising the benefits of ant-plant mutualism. BRAZ J BIOL 2015; 75:58-68. [PMID: 25945621 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.07213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction among species, like ants and plants through extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), are important components of ecological communities' evolution. However, the effect of human disturbance on such specific interactions and its ecological consequences is poorly understood. This study evaluated the outcomes of mutualism between ants and the EFN-bearing plant Stachytarpheta glabra under anthropogenic disturbance. We compared the arthropod fauna composition between two groups of twenty plant individuals, one in an area disturbed by human activities and one in a preserved area. We also check the plant investment in herbivory defense and the consequential leaf damage by herbivore. Our results indicate that such disturbances cause simplification of the associated fauna and lack of proper ant mutualist. This led to four times more herbivory on plants of disturbed areas, despite the equal amount of EFN and ant visitors and low abundance of herbivores. The high pressure of herbivory may difficult the re-establishment of S. glabra, an important pioneer species in ferruginous fields, therefore it may affect resilience of this fragile ecological community.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - R Fagundes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - L F Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - J F V Tofoli
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - A M Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - B Y P Imai
- Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - G G Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Agrícola, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - M M Hermidorff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Evolutiva de Insetos de Dossel e Sucessão Natural, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Bossa AS, Salemi VMC, Ribeiro SP, Rosa DS, Ferreira LRP, Ferreira SC, Nishiya AS, Mady C, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Plasma cytokine profile in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: predominance of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108984. [PMID: 25303100 PMCID: PMC4193862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The participation of immune/inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tropical endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) has been suggested by the finding of early blood and myocardial eosinophilia. However, the inflammatory activation status of late-stage EMF patients is still unknown. Methodology/Principal findings We evaluated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma samples from late stage EMF patients. Cytokine levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interferon (IFN)-γ, Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were assayed in plasma samples from 27 EMF patients and compared with those of healthy control subjects. All EMF patients displayed detectable plasma levels of at least one of the cytokines tested. We found that TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were each detected in at least 74% of tested sera, and plasma levels of IL-10, IL-4, and TNF-α were significantly higher than those of controls. Plasma levels of such cytokines positively correlated with each other. Conclusions/Significance The mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory/Th2circulating cytokine profile in EMF is consistent with the presence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. On the other hand, the detection of increased levels of TNF-α may be secondary to the cardiovascular involvement observed in these patients, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 may have been upregulated as a homeostatic mechanism to buffer both production and deleterious cardiovascular effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further studies might establish whether these findings play a role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S. Bossa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera M. C. Salemi
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S. Rosa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology-Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Rodrigues Pinto Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzete C. Ferreira
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Shoko Nishiya
- Pró-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Costa-Milanez CB, Lourenço-Silva G, Castro PTA, Majer JD, Ribeiro SP. Are ant assemblages of Brazilian veredas characterised by location or habitat type? BRAZ J BIOL 2014; 74:89-99. [PMID: 25055090 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.17612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wetland areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, known as "veredas", represent ecosystems formed on sandy soils with high concentrations of peat, and are responsible for the recharge of aquiferous reservoirs. They are currently under threat by various human activities, most notably the clearing of vegetation for Eucalyptus plantations. Despite their ecological importance and high conservation value, little is known about the actual effects of human disturbance on the animal community. To assess how habitat within different veredas, and plantations surrounding them affect ant assemblages, we selected four independent vereda locations, two being impacted by Eucalyptus monoculture (one younger and one mature plantation) and two controls, where the wetland was surrounded by cerrado vegetation. Ant sampling was conducted in May 2010 (dry season) using three complementary methods, namely baits, pitfall traps, and hand collection, in the wetland and in the surrounding habitats. A total of 7,575 ants were sampled, belonging to seven subfamilies, 32 genera and 124 species. Ant species richness and abundance did not differ between vereda locations, but did between the habitats. When impacted by the monoculture, ant species richness and abundance decreased in wetlands, but were less affected in the cerrado habitat. Ant species composition differed between the three habitats and between vereda locations. Eucalyptus plantations had an ant species composition defined by high dominance of Pheidole sp. and Solenopsis invicta, while natural habitats were defined by Camponotus and Crematogaster species. Atta sexdens was strictly confined to native habitats of non-impacted "veredas". Eucalyptus monocultures require high quantities of water in the early stages, which may have caused a decrease in groundwater level in the wetland, allowing hypogeic ants such as Labidus praedator to colonise this habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Costa-Milanez
- Department of Geology, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - G Lourenço-Silva
- Department of Geology, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - P T A Castro
- Department of Geology, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - J D Majer
- Curtin Institute for Biodiversity and Climate, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Canopy Insects and Natural Succession, Department of Biodiversity, Evolution and Environment, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas ? ICEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Tarosso LF, Sanabani SS, Ribeiro SP, Sauer MM, Tomiyama HI, Sucupira MC, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Kalil J, Kallas EG. Short communication: HIV type 1 subtype BF leads to faster CD4+ T cell loss compared to subtype B. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:190-4. [PMID: 23906381 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been suggested that biological differences among HIV-1 subtypes exist, their possible influence on disease progression has not been fully revealed. In particular, the increasing emergence of recombinants stresses the need to characterize disease presentation in persons infected by these diverse HIV-1 forms. We explored this issue among 83 Brazilian subjects infected with either HIV-1 subtype B or recombinant subtype BF, all followed since incident infection in a cohort study. Viral subtypes were assigned by full length sequencing of HIV-1 genomes. We observed that the baseline measures for CD4(+) T cells and viral load did not differ between the groups. However, longitudinal analysis revealed that subtype BF was clearly associated with a faster CD4(+) T cell decline compared to infection with subtype B, in spite of a similar plasma HIV-1 load. While subtype B-infected subjects presented a loss of 3.6 CD4(+) T cells/μl per month, subtype BF-infected individuals showed a monthly decay of 6.3 CD4(+) T cells/μl (p<0.01). The time to reach 350 CD4(+) T cells/μl and the time to start antiretroviral treatment were also shorter in subtype BF-infected persons. The elucidation of an accelerated CD4(+) T cell loss associated with subtype BF suggests that this HIV-1 genetic form could be more pathogenic than subtype B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F. Tarosso
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabri S. Sanabani
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pathology, LIM 03, Hospital das Clínicas (HC), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susan P. Ribeiro
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Sauer
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena I. Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Sucupira
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G. Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ribeiro SP, Almeida RR, Rosa DS, Kallás EG, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. P19-44. Priming with a DNA vaccine enconding HIV CD4+ T cell epitopes enhances responses against subsequent immunization with plasmid encoding Vif. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767875 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rosa DS, Ribeiro SP, Mairena EC, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. P02-12. Bupivacaine, a local anaesthetic, enhances immunogenicity of a multiepitopic DNA vaccine containing HIV promiscuous CD4 T cell epitopes. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767659 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Bilate AM, Teixeira PC, Ribeiro SP, Brito TD, Silva AM, Russo M, Kalil J, Cunha-Neto E. Distinct outcomes of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in hamsters are related to myocardial parasitism, cytokine/chemokine gene expression, and protein expression profile. J Infect Dis 2008; 198:614-23. [PMID: 18598198 DOI: 10.1086/590347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi-infected outbred hamsters reproduce the range of different outcomes of Chagas disease noted in humans. We tested whether myocarditis, its mediators, and myocardial protein expression are related to the severity of the acute phase of T. cruzi infection in the hamster model. METHODS Myocardium left ventricles (LVs) obtained from Syrian hamsters infected with T. cruzi were collected 21 days after infection. Myocarditis and the T. cruzi nest/antigen area were analyzed by histological and morphometric analysis. Cytokine and chemokine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was analyzed using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS While in the acute phase of infection, 50% of animals displayed weight loss and signs of acute-phase infection (hereafter referred to as "acute-phase signs" [APS]) (e.g., lethargy, vomiting, and diarrhea). Both the T. cruzi nest/antigen area and the expression of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, and CCL3 mRNA were significantly increased in the LVs of animals with APS, compared with the LVs of animals without APS. Animals with APS, those without APS, and uninfected animals demonstrated distinct myocardial expression of contractile, stress response, and metabolism proteins. CONCLUSIONS The distinct outcomes of acute T. cruzi infection in Syrian hamsters are related to cardiac parasitism, cytokine expression, and changes in the expression of structural/contractile and stress response proteins that may be associated with alterations in the cardiomyocyte cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina M Bilate
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Marques MR, Mendes MA, Tormena CF, Souza BM, Ribeiro SP, Rittner R, Palma MS. Structure determination of an organometallic 1-(diazenylaryl)ethanol: a novel toxin subclass from the web of the spider Nephila clavipes. Chem Biodivers 2007; 1:830-8. [PMID: 17191883 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200490065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemical subclass of toxin, [1-(3-diazenylphenyl)ethanol]iron, was identified among the compounds present in the web of the spider Nephila clavipes. This type of compound is not common among natural products, mainly in spider-venom toxins; it was shown to be a potent paralytic and/or lethal toxin applied by the spider over its web to ensure prey capture only by topical application. The structure was elucidated by means of ESI mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometry, and ICP spectrometry. The structure of [1-(3-diazenylphenyl)ethanol]iron and the study of its insecticidal action may be used as a starting point for the development of new drugs for pest control in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Ribeiro Marques
- Department of Biology, CEIS, Lab. Structural Biology and Zoochemistry, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP-13506-900, Brazil
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23
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Ribeiro SP, Rhee K, Tremblay L, Veldhuizen R, Lewis JF, Slutsky AS. Heat Stress Attenuates Ventilator-induced Lung Dysfunction in anEx vivoRat Lung Model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1451-6. [PMID: 11371417 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.9908076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously shown decreased mortality rates and the attenuation of lung injury in rats exposed to heat stress (H) 18 h prior to induction of sepsis. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that heat stress would protect lungs against ventilator-induced lung injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and randomly allocated to receive either sham treatment or exposure to heat (rectal temperature 41 degrees C, for 15 min). The lungs were harvested 18 h later, a pressure-volume (P- V) curve was constructed, and the lungs were either lavaged for cytokine and surfactant analyses (preventilation data) or were mechanically ventilated with VT 40 ml/kg in a warmed, humidified chamber. After 2 h of mechanical ventilation, another P-V curve was constructed and the lungs were lavaged for cytokine and surfactant analyses (postventilation data). Mechanical ventilation in control lungs produced a 47% decrease in chord compliance, an increase in lung lavage levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (722 +/- 306 pg/ml), interleukin (IL)-1beta (902 +/- 322 pg/ml), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) (363 +/- 104 pg/ml) as compared with low levels of cytokines detected in preventilation data, and no change in percentage of surfactant large aggregates (LA). In contrast, in mechanically ventilated lungs from animals that were exposed to heat stress we observed a smaller decrease in chord compliance (17%), a significant attenuation in cytokine levels (TNF-alpha 233 +/- 119 pg/ml; IL-1beta 124 +/- 53 pg/ml; MIP-2 73 +/- 52 pg/ml; p < 0.05) and a significant increase in percentage LA compared with control animals. We conclude that exposing animals to heat stress confers protection against the effects of an injurious form of mechanical ventilation, by a mechanism that may involve attenuation of cytokines and preservation of some surfactant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ribeiro
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva-CTI, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that heat stress applied after the administration of bacterial endotoxin is protective. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS One hundred eleven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight range 250 to 400 g). INTERVENTIONS Production of endotoxemia by the administration of a bacterial endotoxin and exposure to heat stress by heating animals in a neonatal incubator until their rectal temperatures reached 105.8 degrees F (41 degrees C). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The rats (n = 111) were anesthetized and were injected with 15 mg/kg of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) intravenously to produce septic shock. Immediately thereafter, a set of 50 rats were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a) LPS-treated (control); or b) LPS-treated and heated to 105.8 degrees F (41 degrees C). The animals were then observed for the development of fever, and survival rates were monitored for 72 hrs. In another set of 40 animals, the same experimental protocol was used to determine plasma cytokine concentrations in heated and nonheated groups. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, or 6 hrs after LPS injection for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta detection. In a third set of animals, the same experimental protocol was applied to nine animals for the detection of heat-shock proteins of 72-kilodalton molecular weight. LPS injection in the control group did not produce fever. Heat stress increased the abundance of heat-shock proteins of 72-kilodalton molecular weight in the rats' lungs (analysis of variance, p = .016). Twelve hours after the initiation of sepsis, the survival rates of the control group injected with LPS alone and the group heated to 105.8 degrees F (41 degrees C) were 48% and 80%, respectively (p = .039). The peak plasma IL-1 beta concentrations occurring at 2 hrs after LPS injection were significantly reduced in rats heated to 105.8 degrees F (41 degrees C) when compared with nonheated rats (p = .003). CONCLUSION We conclude that heat stress applied after the initiation of endotoxemia can provide protection against an otherwise lethal stimulus and that the mechanism of protection may be related to the attenuation of plasma IL-1 beta concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Chu
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Tremblay L, Valenza F, Ribeiro SP, Li J, Slutsky AS. Injurious ventilatory strategies increase cytokines and c-fos m-RNA expression in an isolated rat lung model. J Clin Invest 1997; 99:944-52. [PMID: 9062352 PMCID: PMC507902 DOI: 10.1172/jci119259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 848] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of ventilation strategy on lung inflammatory mediators in the presence and absence of a preexisting inflammatory stimulus. 55 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to either intravenous saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After 50 min of spontaneous respiration, the lungs were excised and randomized to 2 h of ventilation with one of four strategies: (a) control (C), tidal volume (Vt) = 7 cc/kg, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) = 3 cm H2O; (b) moderate volume, high PEEP (MVHP), Vt = 15 cc/kg; PEEP = 10 cm H2O; (c) moderate volume, zero PEEP (MVZP), Vt = 15 cc/kg, PEEP = 0; or (d) high volume, zero PEEP (HVZP), Vt = 40 cc/kg, PEEP = 0. Ventilation with zero PEEP (MVZP, HVZP) resulted in significant reductions in lung compliance. Lung lavage levels of TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, MIP-2, and IFNgamma were measured by ELISA. Zero PEEP in combination with high volume ventilation (HVZP) had a synergistic effect on cytokine levels (e.g., 56-fold increase of TNFalpha versus controls). Identical end inspiratory lung distention with PEEP (MVHP) resulted in only a three-fold increase in TNFalpha, whereas MVZP produced a six-fold increase in lavage TNFalpha. Northern blot analysis revealed a similar pattern (C, MVHP < MVZP < HVZP) for induction of c-fos mRNA. These data support the concept that mechanical ventilation can have a significant influence on the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory milieu of the lung, and thus may play a role in initiating or propagating a local, and possibly systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tremblay
- Division of General Surgery, The Toronto Hospital, Canada
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Ribeiro SP, Villar J, Downey GP, Edelson JD, Slutsky AS. Effects of the stress response in septic rats and LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages: evidence for TNF-alpha posttranslational regulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1843-50. [PMID: 8970379 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that induction of the stress response, by heat stress or sodium arsenite, administered 18 h before initiation of sepsis in rats, significantly decreased mortality and lung injury. As a possible mechanism underlying this effect, we hypothesized that the induction of the stress response, prior to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) stimulation, would cause a decrease in synthesis and/or release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), making the animals more resistant to sepsis. Rats exposed to Salmonella typhosa LPS demonstrated a rise in plasma TNF-alpha. In contrast, rats exposed to heat stress or to sodium arsenite 18 h prior to LPS had significantly lower levels of plasma TNF-alpha. To examine the mechanisms by which the stress response mediates this decrease, we studied cultured alveolar macrophages. Similar to in vivo studies, TNF released into supernatants of alveolar macrophages treated with LPS was significantly higher than from cells exposed to the stress response prior to LPS. The decrease in TNF-alpha protein release was not accompanied by a similar decrease in TNF-alpha mRNA levels or by a decrease in cell-associated TNF-alpha, suggesting possible posttranslational regulation of TNF-alpha. To determine whether the decrease in TNF-alpha release was due to binding and sequestration by heat shock proteins (HSP), TNF-alpha was purified by immunoprecipitation. Under these conditions, TNF-alpha and HSP72kDa coprecipitated from cells that had received stress treatment prior to LPS. These data implicate HSP in posttranslational control of TNF-alpha release in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages exposed to the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Conway EM, Liu L, Nowakowski B, Steiner-Mosonyi M, Ribeiro SP, Michalak M. Heat shock-sensitive expression of calreticulin. In vitro and in vivo up-regulation. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:17011-6. [PMID: 7622522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.28.17011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Calreticulin (CRT) is an ubiquitous, highly conserved, Ca(2+)-binding protein of the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum. The precise function(s) of CRT is unknown. However, based on sequence analyses and observations that it may bind to steroid receptors and integrins and store Ca2+ within the cell, it has been postulated to play a "housekeeping" role. To determine whether the level of expression of CRT is affected by stress, we examined the heat shock response of CRT from a variety of cultured cells, including vascular endothelial, lung epithelial, and lung fibroblasts. Following exposure of the cells to 42 degrees C, CRT mRNA transiently accumulated 2.5-4.2-fold at 1-6 h. Nuclear run-on studies and mRNA stability experiments confirmed that the predominant mechanism of augmentation was transcriptional. Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays further indicated that the promoter region, containing a putative heat shock element between -172 and -158 of the human CRT gene, is heat shock-sensitive. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo significance of these findings by exposing rats to hyperthermia. This resulted in accumulation of CRT mRNA and an augmentation of CRT protein in lung tissue. We hypothesize that this stress-induced up-regulation of CRT contributes to the mechanism(s) by which the vascular endothelium and lung tissue, and possibly other organ systems, maintain homeostasis when exposed to a variety of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Conway
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Toronto Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ribeiro SP, Villar J, Slutsky AS. Induction of the stress response to prevent organ injury. New Horiz 1995; 3:301-311. [PMID: 7583171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Septic shock, multiorgan dysfunction, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the ICU setting. Animal studies have shown that these forms of injury can be attenuated or prevented if a phenomenon, called the stress response, is activated. The stress response, characterized by a transient downregulation of most cellular products and by the upregulation of the heat-shock proteins (HSPs), has been shown to provide protection to cells and experimental animals if triggered prior to an otherwise lethal injury. The mechanisms by which the stress response is protective are not known with certainty, but HSPs appear to play an important role. HSPs are constitutively present in all cells studied to date and can also be induced by artificial fever and by nonthermal means. They act as molecular chaperones, interacting transiently with newly synthesized proteins and proteins experiencing difficulty in proper folding. HSPs also escort and help proteins to cross membranes. This chaperone function is essential for cellular protection since it provides a mechanism by which defective polypeptides may be directed to lisosomes for degradation. This article summarizes the current literature on the effects of the stress response in protecting cells and animals from lethal forms of systemic and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Stewart TE, Valenza F, Ribeiro SP, Wener AD, Volgyesi G, Mullen JB, Slutsky AS. Increased nitric oxide in exhaled gas as an early marker of lung inflammation in a model of sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:713-8. [PMID: 7533602 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.151.3.7533602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathologic vasodilation of sepsis. Because NO can be measured in the exhaled gas of animals and humans, we hypothesized that increases in exhaled NO would occur in a septic model. Using a blinded design, 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300 to 400 g) were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheotomized, and randomized (5/group) to receive an intravenous injection of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Salmonella typhosa, 20 mg/kg) or placebo (equal volume of saline). Thereafter, exhaled gas was collected and measurements of NO concentration were made using chemiluminescence every 20 min for 300 min during ventilation (RR 40 breaths/min, VT 3 ml; PEEP 0, FIO2 0.21). Another group of 10 animals (5 LPS; 5 control) were treated in the same fashion and then killed at 240 min and an arterial blood sample obtained for blood gas and TNF alpha determinations. Pressure volume (PV) curves were constructed and lungs removed, preserved, and submitted for histologic evaluation. LPS-treated rats had lower mean arterial pressures than the control group, p < 0.0001. No significant differences in static lung compliance and PV curves were found in the two groups. TNF alpha levels were greater in the LPS group (1.40 +/- 0.24 ng/ml) versus control group (0.09 +/- 0.04 ng/ml), p < 0.001. By contrast to the control group, exhaled NO concentration rose in all LPS-treated rats at approximately 100 min and at about 160 min reached a plateau that was 6 times greater than control levels (p < 0.0001). There was greater interstitial, airspace, and total lung injury in the LPS group (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ribeiro SP, Villar J, Downey GP, Edelson JD, Slutsky AS. Sodium arsenite induces heat shock protein-72 kilodalton expression in the lungs and protects rats against sepsis. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:922-9. [PMID: 7794296 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199406000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that induction of heat shock proteins by a nonthermal mechanism would confer protection against experimental sepsis. DESIGN Prospective, blind, randomized, laboratory study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sixty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight range 250 to 350 g). INTERVENTIONS Administration of sodium arsenite or saline in an animal model of sepsis by cecal ligation and perforation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Sixty-two rats were randomly divided into two groups: group 1 received sodium arsenite (6 mg/kg iv) and group 2 received saline injection, in a blinded fashion. Eighteen hours after receiving sodium arsenite or saline, cecal ligation and perforation were performed and the animals were monitored for mortality for 96 hrs. Sodium arsenite injection, in the absence of an increase in body temperature, induced heat shock protein of 72-kilodalton molecular weight expression in the lung, which was detected 2 hrs after injection, peaked between 9 and 24 hrs, and returned to baseline by 48 hrs. Prior administration of sodium arsenite conferred significant protection against cecal ligation and perforation-induced mortality at 18 hrs (p = .002) and 24 hrs (p v .026) after cecal ligation and perforation, and correlated with expression of heat shock proteins in the lungs. However, at 48 and 96 hrs, when heat shock protein expression returned to basal values, the mortality rates of both groups were indistinguishable. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in vivo injection of sodium arsenite induces expression of HSP-72 in the lungs, and confers transient protection against experimental sepsis during the period that heat shock proteins are also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Villar J, Ribeiro SP, Mullen JB, Kuliszewski M, Post M, Slutsky AS. Induction of the heat shock response reduces mortality rate and organ damage in a sepsis-induced acute lung injury model. Crit Care Med 1994; 22:914-21. [PMID: 8205824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that induction of heat shock proteins before the onset of sepsis could prevent or reduce organ injury and death in a rat model of intra-abdominal sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury produced by cecal ligation and perforation. DESIGN Prospective, blind, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS One-hundred forty-two adult Sprague-Dawley rats (weight range 200 to 300 g). INTERVENTIONS Production of intra-abdominal sepsis and exposure to heat stress. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: heated and septic, heated and sham-septic, unheated and septic, and unheated and sham-septic. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We evaluated the mortality rate and pathologic changes in lung, heart, and liver at 18 hrs after cecal perforation, at 24 hrs after removal of the cecum, and at 7 days after perforation. Heated animals exhibited a maximum increase in heat shock protein of 72 kilodalton molecular weight protein concentrations in the lungs and heart 6 to 24 hrs after the hyperthermic stress. By 18 hrs after perforation, 25% of the septic, unheated animals had died whereas none of the septic heated animals had died (p < .005). Septic, heated animals showed a marked decrease in 7-day mortality rate (21%) compared with septic unheated animals (69%) (p < .01). Furthermore, septic heated animals showed less histologic evidence of lung and liver damage than septic unheated animals. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that thermal pretreatment, associated with the synthesis of heat shock proteins, reduces organ damage and enhances animal survival in experimental sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Although the mechanisms by which heat shock proteins exert a protective effect are not well understood, these data raise interesting questions regarding the importance of fever in the protection of the whole organism during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Villar
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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