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Ler P, Ploner A, Finkel D, Reynolds CA, Zhan Y, Jylhävä J, Dahl Aslan AK, Karlsson IK. Interplay of body mass index and metabolic syndrome: association with physiological age from midlife to late-life. GeroScience 2024; 46:2605-2617. [PMID: 38102440 PMCID: PMC10828240 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) share common pathophysiological characteristics with aging. To better understand their interplay, we examined how body mass index (BMI) and MetS jointly associate with physiological age, and if the associations changed from midlife to late-life. We used longitudinal data from 1,825 Swedish twins. Physiological age was measured as frailty index (FI) and functional aging index (FAI) and modeled independently in linear mixed-effects models adjusted for chronological age, sex, education, and smoking. We assessed curvilinear associations of BMI and chronological age with physiological age, and interactions between BMI, MetS, and chronological age. We found a significant three-way interaction between BMI, MetS, and chronological age on FI (p-interaction = 0·006), not FAI. Consequently, we stratified FI analyses by age: < 65, 65-85, and ≥ 85 years, and modeled FAI across ages. Except for FI at ages ≥ 85, BMI had U-shaped associations with FI and FAI, where BMI around 26-28 kg/m2 was associated with the lowest physiological age. MetS was associated with higher FI and FAI, except for FI at ages < 65, and modified the BMI-FI association at ages 65-85 (p-interaction = 0·02), whereby the association between higher BMI levels and FI was stronger in individuals with MetS. Age modified the MetS-FI association in ages ≥ 85, such that it was stronger at higher ages (p-interaction = 0·01). Low BMI, high BMI, and metabolic syndrome were associated with higher physiological age, contributing to overall health status among older individuals and potentially accelerating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Ler
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexander Ploner
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Finkel
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute of Gerontology, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen Campus, Shenzhen, Guandong, China
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, Solna, 171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johansson B, Oasa S, Muntsant Soria A, Tiiman A, Söderberg L, Amandius E, Möller C, Lannfelt L, Terenius L, Giménez-Llort L, Vukojević V. The interwoven fibril-like structure of amyloid-beta plaques in mouse brain tissue visualized using super-resolution STED microscopy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:142. [PMID: 37542303 PMCID: PMC10403925 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard neuropathologic analysis of Alzheimer's brain relies on traditional fluorescence microscopy, which suffers from limited spatial resolution due to light diffraction. As a result, it fails to reveal intricate details of amyloid plaques. While electron microscopy (EM) offers higher resolution, its extensive sample preparation, involving fixation, dehydration, embedding, and sectioning, can introduce artifacts and distortions in the complex brain tissue. Moreover, EM lacks molecular specificity and has limited field of view and imaging depth. RESULTS In our study, we employed super-resolution Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy in conjunction with the anti-human APP recombinant antibody 1C3 fluorescently labelled with DyLightTM633 (1C3-DyLight633). This combination allowed us to visualize amyloidogenic aggregates in vitro and in brain sections from a 17-month-old 3×Tg-AD mouse with sub-diffraction limited spatial resolution. Remarkably, we achieved a spatial resolution of 29 nm in vitro and 62 nm in brain tissue sections, surpassing the capabilities of conventional confocal microscopy by 5-10 times. Consequently, we could discern individual fibrils within plaques, an achievement previously only possible with EM. CONCLUSIONS The utilization of STED microscopy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the field, enabling researchers to delve into the characterization of local mechanisms that underlie Amyloid (Aβ) deposition into plaques and their subsequent clearance. This unprecedented level of detail is especially crucial for comprehending the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and developing the next generation of anti-amyloid treatments. By facilitating the evaluation of drug candidates and non-pharmacological interventions aiming to reduce amyloid burden, STED microscopy emerges as an indispensable tool for driving scientific progress in Alzheimer's research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aida Muntsant Soria
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann Tiiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ghafouri B, Ernberg M, Andréll P, Bäckryd E, Fisher MR, Freund-Levi Y, Grelz H, Gräbel O, Karlsten R, Kosek E, Löfgren M, Ringqvist Å, Rudling K, Stålnacke BM, Sörlén N, Uhlin K, Westergren H, Gerdle B. Swedish Chronic Pain Biobank: protocol for a multicentre registry and biomarker project. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066834. [PMID: 36450421 PMCID: PMC9717004 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION About 20% of the adult population have chronic pain, often associated with psychological distress, sick leave and poor health. There are large variations in the clinical picture. A biopsychosocial approach is used in investigation and treatment. The concept of personalised medicine, that is, optimising medication types and dosages for individual patients based on biomarkers and other patient-related factors, has received increasing attention in different diseases but used less in chronic pain. This cooperative project from all Swedish University Hospitals will investigate whether there are changes in inflammation and metabolism patterns in saliva and blood in chronic pain patients and whether the changes correlate with clinical characteristics and rehabilitation outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Patients at multidisciplinary pain centres at University Hospitals in Sweden who have chosen to participate in the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation and healthy sex-matched and age-matched individuals will be included in the study. Saliva and blood samples will be collected in addition to questionnaire data obtained from the register. From the samples, proteins, lipids, metabolites and micro-RNA will be analysed in relation to, for example, diagnosis, pain characteristics, psychological distress, body weight, pharmacological treatment and clinical rehabilitation results using advanced multivariate data analysis and bioinformatics. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2021-04929) and will be conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.The results will be published in open access scientific journals and in popular scientific relevant journals such as those from patient organisations. Data will be also presented in scientific meetings, meeting with healthcare organisations and disseminated in different lecturers at the clinics and universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijar Ghafouri
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Malin Ernberg
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and the Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulin Andréll
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmanuel Bäckryd
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Marcelo Rivano Fisher
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Freund-Levi
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University and department of Geriatrics, University Hospital Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of geriatrics, Södertälje Hospital, Södertälje, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grelz
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olaf Gräbel
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pain Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rolf Karlsten
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Kosek
- Department Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Löfgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Ringqvist
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Rudling
- Department of rehabilitation medicine, University hospital Örebro, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Stålnacke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sörlén
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Westergren
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pain Rehabilitation at Skåne University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Gerdle
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Ding M, Wennberg A, Gigante B, Walldius G, Hammar N, Modig K. Lipid levels in midlife and risk of atrial fibrillation over 3 decades-Experience from the Swedish AMORIS cohort: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1004044. [PMID: 35951514 PMCID: PMC9371362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of cholesterol levels in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is still controversial. In addition, whether and to what extent apolipoproteins are associated with the risk of AF is rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between blood lipid levels in midlife and subsequent risk of new-onset AF. METHODS AND FINDINGS This population-based study included 65,136 individuals aged 45 to 60 years without overt cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) from the Swedish Apolipoprotein-Related Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort. Lipids were measured in 1985 to 1996, and individuals were followed until December 31, 2019 for incident AF (i.e., study outcome). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Over a mean follow-up of 24.2 years (standard deviation 7.5, range 0.2 to 35.9), 13,871 (21.3%) incident AF cases occurred. Higher levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were statistically significantly associated with a lower risk of AF during the first 5 years of follow-up (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.99, p = 0.013; HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.92, p = 0.016), but not thereafter (HR ranging from 0.94 [95% CI: 0.89 to 1.00, p = 0.038] to 0.96 [95% CI: 0.77 to 1.19, p > 0.05]). Lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and higher triglycerides (TG)/HDL-C ratio were statistically significantly associated with a higher risk of AF during the entire follow-up (HR ranging from 1.13 [95% CI: 1.07 to 1.19, p < 0.001] to 1.53 [95% CI: 1.12 to 2.00, p = 0.007]). Apolipoprotein B (ApoB)/ApoA-I ratio was not associated with AF risk. The observed associations were similar among those who developed incident heart failure (HF)/coronary heart disease (CHD) and those who did not. The main limitations of this study include lack of adjustments for lifestyle factors and high blood pressure leading to potential residual confounding. CONCLUSIONS High TC and LDL-C in midlife was associated with a lower risk of AF, but this association was present only within 5 years from lipid measurement and not thereafter. On the contrary, low HDL-C and ApoA-I and high TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with an increased risk of AF over almost 35 years of follow-up. ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was not associated with AF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhu Ding
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Division of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Walldius
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Modig
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Neuvonen E, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A, Antikainen R, Havulinna S, Hänninen T, Laatikainen T, Lindström J, Rautio N, Soininen H, Strandberg T, Tuomilehto J, Kivipelto M, Ngandu T. Psychosocial determinants for adherence to a healthy lifestyle and intervention participation in the FINGER trial: an exploratory analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1793-1805. [PMID: 35182352 PMCID: PMC9283154 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims Psychosocial factors may affect adherence to lifestyle interventions and lifestyle changes. The role of psychosocial factors in dementia prevention needs more research. We aimed at clarify the issue in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). Methods The population included 1260 participants aged 60–77 years at risk for cognitive decline, randomised to a multidomain lifestyle intervention or regular health advice for 2 years. Adherence was evaluated as participation in the provided activities and actual lifestyle changes, separately for each domain (diet, exercise, social/cognitive activity, vascular risk management) and combined into multidomain. Psychosocial factors were measured at trial baseline (depressive symptoms; study perception; health-related quality of life, HRQoL) and earlier life (hopelessness; satisfaction with family life, achievements, and financial situation). Results Depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and nonpositive study perception were negatively and HRQoL positively associated with participation in the multidomain intervention. Depressive symptoms, lower HRQoL, hopelessness and dissatisfaction with financial situation were associated with unhealthier lifestyles at baseline. Baseline depressive symptoms and lower HRQoL predicted less improvement in lifestyle, but did not modify the intervention effect on lifestyle change. Discussion and conclusions Several psychosocial factors were associated with participation in lifestyle intervention, while fewer of them contributed to lifestyle changes. Although the intervention was beneficial for lifestyle changes independent of psychosocial factors, those most in need of lifestyle improvement were less likely to be active. Tailoring lifestyle-modifying strategies based on the need for psychosocial support may add efficacy in future trials. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01041989 2010-01-05 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40520-022-02088-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Neuvonen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alina Solomon
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Riitta Antikainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 10, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Satu Havulinna
- Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health Services (Siun Sote), Tikkamäentie 16, 80210, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Rautio
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, 70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Strandberg
- Center for Life Course Health Research/Geriatrics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 340, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 20, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Hanneksenrinne 7, 60220, Seinäjoki, Finland
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jiddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miia Kivipelto
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, UK
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Vägen 22, 171 64, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77, Solna, Sweden
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Ding M, Wennberg A, Ek S, Santoni G, Gigante B, Walldius G, Hammar N, Modig K. The association of apolipoproteins with later-life all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based study stratified by age. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24440. [PMID: 34952923 PMCID: PMC8709841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Midlife lipid levels are important predictors of cardiovascular diseases, yet their association with mortality in older adults is less clear. We aimed to (1) identify lipid profiles based on cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoproteins using cluster analysis, and (2) investigate how lipid profiles and lipid levels at different ages are associated with later-life all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We used data from 98,270 individuals in the Swedish AMORIS cohort who had blood measurements between 1985-1996 and were followed until 2012. Over the follow-up (mean 18.0 years), 30,730 (31.3%) individuals died. Three lipid profiles were identified. Compared with reference profile, a high lipid profile (low ApoA-I and high total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, ApoB, and ApoB/ApoA-I ratio) at ages 39-59 or 60-79 was associated with higher all-cause mortality. A high lipid profile at ≥ 80 years, however, did not confer higher mortality. For the specific markers, high TC (≥ 7.25 mmol/L) was associated with higher all-cause mortality in ages 39-59 but lower mortality in ages 60-79 and ≥ 80. Low ApoA-I (< 1.28 g/L) and high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio (≥ 1.18), on the other hand, were associated with higher cardiovascular mortality regardless of age at lipid measurement, highlighting their potential relevance for survival in both young and older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhu Ding
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alexandra Wennberg
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stina Ek
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giola Santoni
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Walldius
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hammar
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Modig
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobelsväg 13, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bai G, Wang Y, Kuja-Halkola R, Li X, Tomata Y, Karlsson IK, Pedersen NL, Hägg S, Jylhävä J. Frailty and the risk of dementia: is the association explained by shared environmental and genetic factors? BMC Med 2021; 19:248. [PMID: 34657626 PMCID: PMC8522144 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty has been identified as a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, it is not known whether familial factors, such as genetics and shared environmental factors, underlie this association. We analyzed the association between frailty and the risk of dementia in a large twin cohort and examined the role of familial factors in the association. METHODS The Rockwood frailty index (FI) based on 44 health deficits was used to assess frailty. The population-level association between FI and the risk of all-cause dementia was analyzed in 41,550 participants of the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin (SALT) study (full sample, aged 41-97 years at baseline), using Cox and competing risk models. A subsample of 10,487 SALT participants aged 65 and older who received a cognitive assessment (cognitive sample) was used in a sensitivity analysis to assess the effect of baseline cognitive level on the FI-dementia association. To analyze the influence of familial effects on the FI-dementia association, a within-pair analysis was performed. The within-pair model was also used to assess whether the risk conferred by frailty varies by age at FI assessment. RESULTS A total of 3183 individuals were diagnosed with dementia during the 19-year follow-up. A 10% increase in FI was associated with an increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.18)) in the full sample adjusted for age, sex, education, and tobacco use. A significant association was likewise found in the cognitive sample, with an HR of 1.13 (95% CI 1.09, 1.20), adjusted for age, sex, and cognitive level at baseline. The associations were not attenuated when adjusted for APOE ɛ4 carrier status or considering the competing risk of death. After adjusting for familial effects, we found no evidence for statistically significant attenuation of the effect. The risk conferred by higher FI on dementia was constant after age 50 until very old age. CONCLUSIONS A higher level of frailty predicts the risk of dementia and the association appears independent of familial factors. Targeting frailty might thus contribute to preventing or delaying dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yasutake Tomata
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Ida K Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Gerontology and Aging Research Network - Jönköping (ARN-J), School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juulia Jylhävä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences) and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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8
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Ekström I. Serum C-Reactive Protein Is Negatively Associated With Olfactory Identification Ability in Older Adults. Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211009928. [PMID: 33948158 PMCID: PMC8054135 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211009928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Olfactory deficits are common in aging and associated with several conditions linked to inflammation. A few studies suggest that increased concentration of pro-inflammatory biomarkers may be related to olfactory deficits, but these associations are understudied in population-based samples. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and olfactory identification level as well as rate of change in aging. METHODS We included 1,721 participants (mean age 70.5 years; 61.9% female) with at least two olfactory assessments across the 12-year follow-up. Baseline level and change in odor identification were estimated with linear mixed models as a function of CRP levels, derived from blood plasma at baseline. RESULTS Results indicated a negative dose-response association between CRP level and odor identification scores at baseline, after adjustment for demographic, cognitive, health, and lifestyle factors. CRP levels ranging between 11 and 20 mg/L were significantly related to lower olfactory ability (β = -0.811, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-1.503 to -0.118]; p = .022). Likewise, CRP values above 20 mg/L were related to lower olfactory scores, an association that approached statistical significance (β = -0.996, 95% CI [-2.045 to 0.054]; p = .063). We found no associations between CRP and olfactory change (ps > .368). Sensitivity analyses showed that associations between CRP and olfaction were confined to younger participants (age ≤72 years) and men (ps < .034). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a negative association between serum CRP levels and olfactory identification ability in aging that may be dependent on age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Ekström
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Seeboth A, McCartney DL, Wang Y, Hillary RF, Stevenson AJ, Walker RM, Campbell A, Evans KL, McIntosh AM, Hägg S, Deary IJ, Marioni RE. DNA methylation outlier burden, health, and ageing in Generation Scotland and the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 and 1936. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:49. [PMID: 32216821 PMCID: PMC7098133 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation outlier burden has been suggested as a potential marker of biological age. An outlier is typically defined as DNA methylation levels at any one CpG site that are three times beyond the inter-quartile range from the 25th or 75th percentiles compared to the rest of the population. DNA methylation outlier burden (the number of such outlier sites per individual) increases exponentially with age. However, these findings have been observed in small samples. RESULTS Here, we showed an association between age and log10-transformed DNA methylation outlier burden in a large cross-sectional cohort, the Generation Scotland Family Health Study (N = 7010, β = 0.0091, p < 2 × 10-16), and in two longitudinal cohort studies, the Lothian Birth Cohorts of 1921 (N = 430, β = 0.033, p = 7.9 × 10-4) and 1936 (N = 898, β = 0.0079, p = 0.074). Significant confounders of both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between outlier burden and age included white blood cell proportions, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and batch effects. In Generation Scotland, the increase in epigenetic outlier burden with age was not purely an artefact of an increase in DNA methylation level variability with age (epigenetic drift). Log10-transformed DNA methylation outlier burden in Generation Scotland was not related to self-reported, or family history of, age-related diseases, and it was not heritable (SNP-based heritability of 4.4%, p = 0.18). Finally, DNA methylation outlier burden was not significantly related to survival in either of the Lothian Birth Cohorts individually or in the meta-analysis after correction for multiple testing (HRmeta = 1.12; 95% CImeta = [1.02; 1.21]; pmeta = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, while it does not associate with ageing-related health outcomes, DNA methylation outlier burden does track chronological ageing and may also relate to survival. DNA methylation outlier burden may thus be useful as a marker of biological ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Seeboth
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Daniel L McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yunzhang Wang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna J Stevenson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rosie M Walker
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Kathryn L Evans
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
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10
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Mira-Pascual L, Tran AN, Andersson G, Näreoja T, Lång P. A Sub-Clone of RAW264.7-Cells Form Osteoclast-Like Cells Capable of Bone Resorption Faster than Parental RAW264.7 through Increased De Novo Expression and Nuclear Translocation of NFATc1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E538. [PMID: 31947698 PMCID: PMC7013577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 is extensively used as a progenitor to study osteoclast (OC) differentiation. RAW264.7 is a heterogeneous cell line, containing sub-clones with different abilities to form OCs. The aim of this study was to identify characteristics within the heterogeneous RAW264.7 cells that define sub-clones with an augmented ability to form bone-resorbing OCs (H9), as well as sub-clones representing non-OCs (J8). RAW264.7 sub-clones were isolated by single cell cloning. Selection was based on TRAP/cathepsin K expression in sub-clone cultures without added RANKL. Sub-clones before and after differentiation with RANKL were assayed for multiple OC-characteristics. Sub-clone H9 cells presented a higher expression of OC-markers in cultures without added RANKL compared to the parental RAW264.7. After 6 days of RANKL stimulation, sub-clone H9 cells had equal expression levels of OC-markers with RAW264.7 and formed OCs able to demineralize hydroxyapatite. However, sub-clone H9 cells displayed rapid differentiation of OC already at Day 2 compared to Day 4 from parental RAW264.7, and when cultured on plastic and on bone they were more efficient in resorption. This rapid differentiation was likely due to high initial expression/nuclear translocation of OC master transcription factor, NFATc1. In contrast to H9, J8 cells expressed initially very low levels of OC-markers, and they did not respond to RANKL-stimulation by developing OC-characteristics/OC-marker expression. Hence, H9 is an additional clone suitable for experimental setup requiring rapid differentiation of large numbers of OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Mira-Pascual
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.M.-P.); (A.N.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Anh N. Tran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.M.-P.); (A.N.T.); (G.A.)
- Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB 252ZD, UK
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.M.-P.); (A.N.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Tuomas Näreoja
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.M.-P.); (A.N.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Pernilla Lång
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé, 8, SE-141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.M.-P.); (A.N.T.); (G.A.)
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11
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Bateson M, Aviv A, Bendix L, Benetos A, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bojesen SE, Cooper C, Cooper R, Deary IJ, Hägg S, Harris SE, Kark JD, Kronenberg F, Kuh D, Labat C, Martin-Ruiz CM, Meyer C, Nordestgaard BG, Penninx BWJH, Pepper GV, Révész D, Said MA, Starr JM, Syddall H, Thomson WM, van der Harst P, Whooley M, von Zglinicki T, Willeit P, Zhan Y, Nettle D. Smoking does not accelerate leucocyte telomere attrition: a meta-analysis of 18 longitudinal cohorts. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190420. [PMID: 31312500 PMCID: PMC6599800 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is associated with shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of increased morbidity and reduced longevity. This association is widely interpreted as evidence that smoking causes accelerated LTL attrition in adulthood, but the evidence for this is inconsistent. We analysed the association between smoking and LTL dynamics in 18 longitudinal cohorts. The dataset included data from 12 579 adults (4678 current smokers and 7901 non-smokers) over a mean follow-up interval of 8.6 years. Meta-analysis confirmed a cross-sectional difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers, with mean LTL 84.61 bp shorter in smokers (95% CI: 22.62 to 146.61). However, LTL attrition was only 0.51 bp yr-1 faster in smokers than in non-smokers (95% CI: -2.09 to 1.08), a difference that equates to only 1.32% of the estimated age-related loss of 38.33 bp yr-1. Assuming a linear effect of smoking, 167 years of smoking would be required to generate the observed cross-sectional difference in LTL. Therefore, the difference in LTL between smokers and non-smokers is extremely unlikely to be explained by a linear, causal effect of smoking. Selective adoption, whereby individuals with short telomeres are more likely to start smoking, needs to be considered as a more plausible explanation for the observed pattern of telomere dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bateson
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Laila Bendix
- Pain Center South, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Odense, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanase Benetos
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHRU de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, UK
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah E. Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Jeremy D. Kark
- Hebrew University–Hadassah School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, 33 Bedford Place, London WC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Carlos Labat
- INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Carmen M. Martin-Ruiz
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig Meyer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Oldenaller 1, 1081 HJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian V. Pepper
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dóra Révész
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Abdullah Said
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Holly Syddall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - William Murray Thomson
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Whooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Arts and Sciences Faculty, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Near East University, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nettle
- Centre for Behaviour and Evolution and Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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