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Kumar S, Wang S, Wang M, Zeb S, Khan MN, Chen Y, Zhu G, Zhu Z. Enhancement of sweetpotato tolerance to chromium stress through melatonin and glutathione: Insights into photosynthetic efficiency, oxidative defense, and growth parameters. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108509. [PMID: 38461751 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) roles in mitigating chromium (Cr) toxicity in sweetpotato were explored. Plants, pre-treated with varying MT and GSH doses, were exposed to Cr (40 μM). Cr severely hampered growth by disrupting leaf photosynthesis, root system, and oxidative processes and increased Cr absorption. However, the exogenous application of 1 μM of MT and 2 mM of GSH substantially improved growth parameters by enhancing chlorophyll content, gas exchange (Pn, Tr, Gs, and Ci), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, ETR, qP, and Y(II)). Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2•-), electrolyte leakage (EL), and Cr uptake by roots (21.6 and 27.3%) and its translocation to shoots were markedly reduced by MT and GSH application, protecting the cell membrane from oxidative damage of Cr-toxicity. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that MT and GSH maintained chloroplast structure and integrity of mesophyll cells; they also enhanced stomatal length, width, and density, strengthening the photosynthetic system and plant growth and biomass. MT and GSH improved osmo-protectants (proline and soluble sugars), gene expression, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, mitigating osmotic stress and strengthening plant defenses under Cr stress. Importantly, the efficiency of GSH pre-treatment in reducing Cr-toxicity surpassed that of MT. The findings indicate that MT and GSH alleviate Cr detrimental effects by enhancing photosynthetic organ stability, component accumulation, and resistance to oxidative stress. This study is a valuable resource for plants confronting Cr stress in contaminated soils, but further field validation and detailed molecular exploration are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shihai Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Shah Zeb
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Zhixin Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Pashkovskiy P, Khalilova L, Vereshchagin M, Voronkov A, Ivanova T, Kosobryukhov AA, Allakhverdiev SI, Kreslavski VD, Kuznetsov VV. Impact of varying light spectral compositions on photosynthesis, morphology, chloroplast ultrastructure, and expression of light-responsive genes in Marchantia polymorpha. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 203:108044. [PMID: 37776673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Marchantia polymorpha is a convenient model for studying light of different spectral compositions on various physiological and biochemical processes because its photoreceptor system is vastly simplified. The influence of red light (RL, 660 nm), far-red light (FRL, 730 nm), blue light (BL, 450 nm), and green light (GL, 525 nm) compared to white light (high-pressure sodium light (HPSL), white LEDs (WL 450 + 580 nm) and white fluorescent light (WFL) on photosynthetic and transpiration rates, photosystem II (PSII) activity, photomorphogenesis, and the expression of light and hormonal signaling genes was studied. The ultrastructure of the chloroplasts in different tissues of the gametophyte M. polymorpha was examined. FRL led to the formation of agranal chloroplasts (in the epidermis and the chlorenchyma) with a high starch content (in the parenchyma), which led to a reduced intensity of photosynthesis. BL increased the transcription of genes for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites - chalcone synthase (CHS), cellulose synthase (CELL), and L-ascorbate peroxidase (APOX3), which is consistent with the increased activity of low-molecular weight antioxidants. FRL increased the expression of phytochrome apoprotein (PHY) and cytokinin oxidase (CYTox) genes, but the expression of the phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) gene decreased, which was accompanied by a significant change in gametophyte morphology. Analysis of crosstalk gene expression, and changes in morphology and photosynthetic activity was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pashkovskiy
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila Khalilova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Vereshchagin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Alexander Voronkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Anatoliy A Kosobryukhov
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
| | - Vladimir D Kreslavski
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya Street 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Vladimir V Kuznetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia.
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Long S, Liu B, Gong J, Wang R, Gao S, Zhu T, Guo H, Liu T, Xu Y. 5-Aminolevulinic acid promotes low-light tolerance by regulating chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthesis, and antioxidant capacity in tall fescue. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:248-261. [PMID: 36152510 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The vital signaling molecule 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) plays critical roles in signal transduction and biological modulation under abiotic stresses. In this study, we explored the effects of exogenous ALA on low-light (LL) stress-induced photosynthesis and antioxidant system damage in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings. LL stress decreased morphological index values and chlorophyll contents, while also reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/Fm). Notably, these restrictions were substantially alleviated by exogenous ALA. Moreover, the contents of chlorophyll and its synthetic precursors were significantly increased after ALA treatment. Meanwhile, ALA observably enhanced expression level of FaCHLG, FaHEMA, FaPOR, and FaCAO, which encode the chlorophyll precursors biosynthesis enzymes. Exogenous ALA repaired the damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure caused by LL stress and promoted the formation of ordered thylakoids and grana lamella. ALA also improved Rubisco activity and expression level of the photosynthetic enzyme genes FaRuBP, FaPRK, and FaGADPH. Additionally, application of exogenous ALA decreased relative electrolytic leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide radicals (O2∙-), and increased the gene expression levels and activity of antioxidant enzymes. The ratios of ascorbic acid (AsA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were also increased significantly by application of ALA. Furthermore, all responses could be reversed by treatment with levulinic acid (LA). Thus, these results indicated that ALA protects tall fescue from LL stress through scavenging ROS, improving photosynthetic enzyme activity levels, increasing photosynthetic pigments contents, repairing chloroplast damage, and enhancing the photosynthesis rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Long
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Jiongjiong Gong
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Ruijia Wang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Shuanghong Gao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Tianqi Zhu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Huan Guo
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China
| | - Tieyuan Liu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
| | - Yuefei Xu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, PR China.
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Venzhik Y, Deryabin A, Popov V, Dykman L, Moshkov I. Priming with gold nanoparticles leads to changes in the photosynthetic apparatus and improves the cold tolerance of wheat. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:145-155. [PMID: 36115268 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnologies provide a great platform for researching nanoparticles effects on living organisms including plants. This work shows the stimulating effect of seed priming with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on photosynthetic apparatus of Triticum aestivum seedlings. It was found using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission and mass spectrometry that AuNPs (the average diameter of 15.3 nm, concentration of 20 μg ml-1) penetrated into the seeds, but were not found in seedling leaves. Ultrastructural changes in chloroplasts were found using transmission electron microscopy in plants grown from treated seeds: increases in the size of plastids, starch grains, grana in chloroplasts, and the number of thylakoids in grana. The intensity of photosynthesis, the content of chlorophylls, and the portion of unsaturated fatty acids in the composition of total leaf lipids were increased in treated AuNPs plants. This study demonstrates that revealed changes determined the increased tolerance of wheat to low temperature. The adaptive significance of these changes, possible mechanisms of the AuNPs effects on plants and future perspectives of study are discussed. This is the first report showing nanopriming with AuNPs as a new method to study the mechanisms of stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Venzhik
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander Deryabin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery Popov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lev Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
| | - Igor Moshkov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Chu R, Zhang QH, Wei YZ. Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on growth and photosynthetic physiology of Iris tectorum maxim. Photosynth Res 2022; 153:177-189. [PMID: 35834037 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iris tectorum Maxim. is an important plant that plays a very crucial role in the ecological welfare of wetlands. In this study, the effects of different intensities of UV-B radiation on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and gas exchange parameters of Iris tectorum Maxim. were studied. The results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation had a significant influence on the above-mentioned parameters of iris. Compared with the control, enhanced UV-B radiation caused certain damage to the leaf appearance. With the increasing intensity of radiation, the apparent damage degree became more serious. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll contents, and the effect accumulated with the exposure time. Enhanced UV-B radiation increased Fo, significantly increased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient NPQ, reduced PSII and Qp, and significantly decreased the Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo in leaves. The effect of UV-B radiation on PSII destruction of Iris tectorum Maxim. increased as the radiation intensity increased and the exposure time prolonged. The chloroplast structure was damaged under the enhanced UV-B radiation. More specifically, thylakoid lamellae were distorted, swelling and even blurred, and a large number of starch granules appeared. The effect of the high intensity of radiation on chloroplast ultrastructure was greater than that of lower intensity. Enhanced UV-B radiation reduced significantly the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, and the degree of degradation increased with the increasing irradiation intensity. However, the intercellular CO2 content increased, which suggests that the main reason for the decrease of photosynthetic rate was the non-stomatal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Chu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Qin-Hu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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6
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Liu L, Li S, Guo J, Li N, Jiang M, Li X. Low temperature tolerance is depressed in wild-type and abscisic acid-deficient mutant barley grown in Cd-contaminated soil. J Hazard Mater 2022; 430:128489. [PMID: 35739670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in soil, especially cadmium (Cd), may influence the tolerance of crops to other abiotic stress, such as low temperature. In this study, the low temperature tolerance of abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant (Az34) barley and its wild-type (WT) irrigated with Cd solution (1 g L-1) was tested. It was found that Cd aggravated the destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure and disturbed the ion homeostasis under low temperature. The presence of Cd increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, along with the depressed antioxidant enzyme activities, and limited the plant growth. Compared with WT, Az34 plants had lower ROS scavenging ability and decreased maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm) under Cd and low temperature. In addition, the C-repeat binding factor and cold response (CBF-COR) signaling pathway was negatively affected by Cd treatment under low temperature, which also reduced the low temperature tolerance in barley. Therefore, it was indicated that the Cd reduced the low temperature tolerance in barley, that highlighted the potential risks of depressed low temperature tolerance caused by Cd pollution in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Eco-agriculture in Water Source of Liaoheyuan, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun 130102, China.
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Zahra N, Al Hinai MS, Hafeez MB, Rehman A, Wahid A, Siddique KHM, Farooq M. Regulation of photosynthesis under salt stress and associated tolerance mechanisms. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 178:55-69. [PMID: 35276596 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis is crucial for the survival of all living biota, playing a key role in plant productivity by generating the carbon skeleton that is the primary component of all biomolecules. Salinity stress is a major threat to agricultural productivity and sustainability as it can cause irreversible damage to photosynthetic apparatus at any developmental stage. However, the capacity of plants to become photosynthetically active under adverse saline conditions remains largely untapped. This study addresses this discrepancy by exploring the current knowledge on the impact of salinity on chloroplast operation, metabolism, chloroplast ultrastructure, and leaf anatomy, and highlights the dire consequences for photosynthetic machinery and stomatal conductance. We also discuss enhancing photosynthetic capacity by modifying and redistributing electron transport between photosystems and improving photosystem stability using genetic approaches, beneficial microbial inoculations, and root architecture changes to improve salt stress tolerance under field conditions. Understanding chloroplast operations and molecular engineering of photosynthetic genes under salinity stress will pave the way for developing salt-tolerant germplasm to ensure future sustainability by rehabilitating saline areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Marwa Sulaiman Al Hinai
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | | | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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Yan D, Song F, Li Z, Sharma A, Xie X, Wu T, Wang X, He Y, Chen J, Huang Q, Zhao L, Wu R, Niu S, Yuan H, Zheng B. Application of titanium regulates the functional components of photosynthetic apparatus in grafted seedlings of Carya cathayensis Sarg. under shade. Chemosphere 2022; 290:133301. [PMID: 34914960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light acts as a key environmental factor for normal growth and development of plants. Carya cathayensis Sarg. (hickory) faces low light conditions, especially those caused by cloudy or rainy days during the rapid growth period, which has caused adverse effects on its growth. In the current investigation, to alleviate the adverse effects of insufficient light on the cultivation of hickory, anti-hydrolyze stabilized ionic titanium (ASIT) was sprayed on the leaves of the three kinds of grafted seedlings and the non-grafted seedlings of hickory grown under different shade conditions. Results showed that the leaf mass per area and chlorophyll content of grafted hickory seedlings were increased after ASIT application. Rubisco content and photosynthetic rate (Pn) of seedlings grown under shading conditions were positively affected by ASIT treatment, especially on the 45th day of treatment, while the interaction effects of the two parameters between ASIT application and different shade treatments were significant. Titanium accumulation was the highest in roots, followed by leaves, and then in stems, while ASIT had the most significant effects on roots and leaves under 50 ± 5% shade. Severe shading inhibited growth and lead to serious destruction of chloroplast ultrastructure. In addition, the role of ASIT was rootstock-dependent, since ASIT had the weakest mitigation effect on the C/H grafted seedlings. To sum up, the application of ASIT to the grafted seedlings of hickory could improve its ability to resist shade stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jiabao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; Center for Statistical Genetics, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistic, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shihui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China; College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Wang Y, Jia B, Ren H, Feng Z. Ploidy level enhances the photosynthetic capacity of a tetraploid variety of Acer buergerianum Miq. PeerJ 2022; 9:e12620. [PMID: 35003928 PMCID: PMC8684723 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyploidy plays an important role in plant breeding and has widespread effects on photosynthetic capacity. To determine the photosynthetic capacity of the tetraploid variety Acer buergerianum Miq. ‘Xingwang’, we compared the gas exchange parameters, chloroplast structure, chlorophyll contents, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters between the tetraploid Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’. To evaluate the effects of genome duplication on the photosynthetic capacity of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’, the transcriptomes of the autotetraploid ‘Xingwang’ and the diploid ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum were compared. Methods The ploidy of Acer buergerianum ‘Xingwang’ was identified by flow cytometry and the chromosome counting method. An LI-6800 portable photosynthesis system analyzer was used to assess the gas exchange parameters of the tetraploid variety ‘Xingwang’ and diploid variety ‘S4’ of A. buergerianum. We used a BioMate 3S ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and portable modulated fluorometer to measure the chlorophyll contents and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, respectively, of ‘Xingwang’ and ‘S4’. Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify the differences in the genes involved in the photosynthetic differences and determine their expression characteristics. Results The single-cell DNA content and chromosome number of the tetraploid ‘Xingwang’ were twice those found in the normal diploid ‘S4’. In terms of gas exchange parameters, the change in stomatal conductance, change in intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of the diploid ‘S4’. The chlorophyll contents, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII and the potential photochemical efficiency of PSII in ‘Xingwang’ were higher than those of ‘S4’. The chloroplasts of ‘Xingwang’ contained thicker thylakoid lamellae. By the use of Illumina sequencing technology, a total of 51,807 unigenes were obtained; they had an average length of 1,487 nt, and the average N50 was 2,034 nt. The lengths of most of the unigenes obtained ranged from 200–300 bp, with an average value of 5,262, followed by those longer than 3,000 bp, with an average value of 4,791. The data revealed numerous differences in gene expression between the two transcriptomes. In total, 24,221 differentially expressed genes were screened, and the percentage of differentially expressed genes was as high as 46.75% (24,224/51,807), of which 10,474 genes were upregulated and 13,747 genes were downregulated. We analyzed the key genes in the photosynthesis pathway and the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway; the upregulation of HemB may promote an increase in the chlorophyll contents of ‘Xingwang’, and the upregulation of related genes in PSII and PSI may enhance the light harvesting of ‘Xingwang’, increasing its light energy conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Forestry, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Laboratory of Systematic Evolution and Biogeography of Woody Plants, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyu Jia
- College of Forestry, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,Forestry Bureau of Huguan County, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Hongjian Ren
- Forestry Protection and Development Center of Ningyang County, Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- College of Forestry, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration for Silviculture of the Lower Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
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Feng Y, Cui X, Shan H, Shi Z, Li F, Wang H, Zhu M, Zhong X. Effects of solar radiation on photosynthetic physiology of barren stalk differentiation in maize. Plant Sci 2021; 312:111046. [PMID: 34620444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Barren stalks and kernel abortion are the major obstacles that hinder maize production. After many years of inbreeding, our group produced a pair of barren stalk/non-barren stalk near-isogenic lines SN98A/SN98B. Under weak light stress, the barren stalk rate is up to 98 % in SN98A but zero in SN98B. Therefore, we consider that SN98A is a weak light-sensitive inbred line whereas SN98B is insensitive. In the present study, the near-isogenic lines SN98A/SN98B were used as test materials to conduct cytological and photosynthetic physiological analyses of the physiological mechanism associated with the differences in maize barren stalk induced by weak light stress. The results showed that weak light stress increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased the function of chloroplasts, destroyed the normal rosette structure, inhibited photosynthetic electron transport, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. The actual photochemical quantum efficiency for PSI (Y(I)) and PSII (Y(II)), relative electron transfer rate for PSI (ETR(I)) and PSII (ETR(II)), and the P700 activities decreased significantly in the leaves of SN98A and SN98B under weak light stress, where the decreases were greater in SN98A than SN98B. After 10 days of shading treatment, the O2·- production rate, H2O2 contents, the yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)), the donor side restriction for PSI (Y(ND)) and the quantum efficiency of cyclic electron flow photochemistry were always higher in SN98A than SN98B, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were always lower in SN98A than those in SN98B. These results show that SN98B has a stronger ability to remove ROS at its source, and maintain the integrity of the structure and function of the photosynthetic system. This self-protection mechanism is an important physiological reason for its adaptation to weak light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Cui
- Liaoning Province Forestry and Grassland Pest Control and Quarantine Workstation, 110000, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shan
- Liaoning Dongya Seed Co., Ltd, 110184, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Shi
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghai Li
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhu
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Gao H, Guo Z, Meng Y, Yang M, Li X, Yang Q. Adaptation responses in C 4 photosynthesis of sweet maize (Zea mays L.) exposed to nicosulfuron. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 214:112096. [PMID: 33647854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicosulfuron is an ingredient in photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides and has been widely used in corn post-emergence weed control. In the current study, a pair of sister lines, HK301 (nicosulfuron-tolerence, NT) and HK320 (nicosulfuron-sensitive, NS), was used to study the effect of nicosulfuron in sweet maize seedlings on C4 photosynthetic enzymes and non-enzymatic substances, expression levels of key enzymes, and chloroplast structure. Nicosulfuron was sprayed at the four-leaf stage, and water was sprayed as a control. After nicosulfuron treatment, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK), and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activities of NT were significantly higher than those of NS. Compared to NT, malate, oxaloacetic acid, and pyruvic acid significantly decreased as exposure time increased in NS. Compared to NS, nicosulfuron treatment significantly increased the expression levels of PEPC, NADP-MDH, NADP-ME, PPDK, and Rubisco genes in NT. Under nicosulfuron treatment, chloroplast ultrastructure of NS, compared to that of NT, nicosulfuron induced swelling of the chloroplast volume and reduced starch granules in NS. In general, our results indicate that in different resistant sweet maize, C4 photosynthetic enzymes activity and key genes expression play a critical role in enhancing the adaptability of plants to nicosulfuron stress at a photosynthetic physiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhenqing Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanyu Meng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China.
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Lourkisti R, Oustric J, Quilichini Y, Froelicher Y, Herbette S, Morillon R, Berti L, Santini J. Improved response of triploid citrus varieties to water deficit is related to anatomical and cytological properties. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:762-775. [PMID: 33812345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy plays a major role in citrus plant breeding to improve the adaptation of polyploid rootstocks as well as scions to adverse conditions and to enhance agronomic characteristics. In Citrus breeding programs, triploidy could be a useful tool to react to environmental issues and consumer demands because the produced fruits are seedless. In this study, we compared the physiological, biochemical, morphological, and ultrastructural responses to water deficit of triploid and diploid citrus varieties obtained from 'Fortune' mandarin and 'Ellendale' tangor hybridization. One diploid clementine tree was included and used as a reference. All studied scions were grafted on C-35 citrange rootstock. Triploidy decreased stomatal density and increased stomata size. The number of chloroplasts increased in 3x varieties. These cytological properties may explain the greater photosynthetic capacity (Pnet, gs, Fv/Fm) and enhanced water-holding capacity (RWC, proline). In addition, reduced degradation of ultrastructural organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) and thylakoids accompanied by less photosynthetic activity and low oxidative damages were found in 3x varieties. Triploid varieties, especially T40-3x, had a better ability to limit water loss and dissipate excess energy (NPQ) to protect photosystems. Higher starch reserves in 3x varieties suggest a better carbon and energy supply and increases in plastoglobuli size suggest less oxidative damage (H2O2, MDA), especially in T40-3x, and preservation of photosynthetic apparatus. Taken together, our results suggest that desirable cytological and ultrastructural traits induced by triploidy improve water stress response and could be a useful stress marker during environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Lourkisti
- CNRS, Equipe « Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire du végétal », UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Julie Oustric
- CNRS, Equipe « Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire du végétal », UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Yann Quilichini
- CNRS, Equipe « Parasites et Ecosystèmes méditerranéens, UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | | | | | - Raphael Morillon
- Equipe « Amélioration des Plantes à Multiplication Végétative », UMR AGAP, Département BIOS, CIRAD, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe
| | - Liliane Berti
- CNRS, Equipe « Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire du végétal », UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France
| | - Jérémie Santini
- CNRS, Equipe « Biochimie et Biologie moléculaire du végétal », UMR 6134 SPE, Université de Corse, Corsica, France.
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Feng Y, Zhong X, Yao Y, Shi Z, Li F, Wang H, Lv X, Du W, Zhu M, Yang H, Meng D. Photosynthetic and physiological responses to acetochlor in paired near-isogenic lines of waxy maize (Zea mays L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:19298-19309. [PMID: 33394398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is always used in maize (Zea mays L.) fields as a common pre-emergence herbicide. In this field study, we investigated the effects of acetochlor on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and antioxidant enzyme activities in acetochlor-resistant (BWC95) and acetochlor-sensitive (BWC12) near-isogenic lines. We sprayed acetochlor after sowing, using water treatment as the control. After spraying acetochlor, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and the function of chloroplasts were significantly lower in BWC12 than BWC95, whereas the intercellular CO2 concentrations and stomatal limitation values were higher. In addition to nonphotochemical quenching, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements obtained using leaves showed that the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, and electron transport rate were higher in BWC95 than BWC12 after acetochlor treatment. H2O2 and O2˙- levels were higher in BWC12 than BWC95, which resulted in severe membrane lipid peroxidation due to sustained oxidative stress. Thus, the malondialdehyde content increased significantly with the exposure time in BWC12, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were lower in BWC12 than BWC95. The results show that acetochlor resistance is directly related to a high photosynthetic rate and a protective antioxidant enzyme system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhan Yao
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensheng Shi
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghai Li
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Lv
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanli Du
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhu
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Yang
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- Special Corn Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
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Shi D, Zhuang K, Chen Y, Xu F, Hu Z, Shen Z. Effects of excess ammoniacal nitrogen (NH 4+-N) on pigments, photosynthetic rates, chloroplast ultrastructure, proteomics, formation of reactive oxygen species and enzymatic activity in submerged plant Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 226:105585. [PMID: 32763644 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although excess ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH4+-N) results in the disturbance of various important biochemical and physiological processes, a detailed study on the effects of NH4+-N stress on the photosynthesis and global changes in protein levels in submerged macrophytes is still lacking. Here, the changes of excess NH4+-N on physiological parameters in Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, a submerged macrophyte were investigated, including the contents of photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, net photosynthesis and respiration, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities, chloroplast ultrastructure, chloroplast reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and protein levels. Our results showed that the net photosynthetic rate and pigment content reached maximum values when the plants were treated with 1 and 2 mg L-1 NH4+-N, respectively, and decreased at NH4+-N concentrations at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L-1. This decrease might be caused by ROS accumulation. Compared that in 0.02 mg L-1 NH4+-N as a control, ROS generation in chloroplasts significantly increased in the presence of more than 2 mg L-1 NH4+-N. Consistently, the damages caused by over-accumulated ROS were observed in chloroplast ultrastructure, showing a loose thylakoid membranes and swollen grana/stroma lamellae. Furthermore, through proteomic analysis, we identified 91 differentially expressed protein spots. Among them, six proteins involved in photosynthesis decreased in abundance in response to excess NH4+-N. Surprisingly, the abundance of all the identified proteins that were involved in nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism tended to increase under excess NH4+-N compared with the control, suggestive of the imbalanced carbon and nitrogen (C-N) metabolisms. In support, activated GS and GOGAT cycle was observed, evidenced by higher activities of GS and GOGAT enzymes. To our knowledge, this work is the first description that excess NH4+-N results in chloroplast ultrastructural damages and the first proteomic evidence to support that excess NH4+-N can lead to a decline in photosynthesis and imbalance of C-N metabolism in submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlu Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhubing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Wu S, Hu C, Yang X, Tan Q, Yao S, Zhou Y, Wang X, Sun X. Molybdenum induces alterations in the glycerolipidome that confer drought tolerance in wheat. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:5074-5086. [PMID: 32369576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo), which is an essential microelement for plant growth, plays important roles in multiple metabolic and physiological processes, including responses to drought and cold stress in wheat. Lipids also have crucial roles in plant adaptions to abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to use glycerolipidomic and transcriptomic analyses to determine the changes in lipids induced by Mo that are associated with Mo-enhanced drought tolerance in wheat. Mo treatments increased the transcript levels of genes involved in fatty acid and glycerolipid biosynthesis and desaturation, but suppressed the expression of genes involved in oxylipin production. Wheat plants supplemented with Mo displayed higher contents of monogalactosyldiacyglycerol (MGDG), digalactosyldoacylglycerol (DGDG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylcholine (PC) with increased levels of unsaturation. The levels of MGDG, DGDG, PG, and PC increased under PEG-simulated drought (PSD), and the magnitude of the responses varied in the presence and absence of Mo. Mo increased the accumulation of the most abundant glycerolipid species of C36:6, C34:4, and C34:3 by increasing the expression of genes related to desaturation under PSD, and this contributed to maintaining the fluidity of membranes. In addition, Mo attenuated the decreases in the ratios of DGDG/MGDG and PC/PE that were observed under PSD. These changes in lipids in Mo-treated wheat would contribute to maintaining the integrity of membranes and to protecting the photosynthetic apparatus, thus acting together to enhance drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuaibing Yao
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Yan K, He W, Bian L, Zhang Z, Tang X, An M, Li L, Han G. Salt adaptability in a halophytic soybean (Glycine soja) involves photosystems coordination. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 32276592 PMCID: PMC7149873 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02371-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycine soja is a halophytic soybean native to saline soil in Yellow River Delta, China. Photosystem I (PSI) performance and the interaction between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI remain unclear in Glycine soja under salt stress. This study aimed to explore salt adaptability in Glycine soja in terms of photosystems coordination. RESULTS Potted Glycine soja was exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 9 days with a cultivated soybean, Glycine max, as control. Under salt stress, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (△MR/MR0) were significantly decreased with the loss of PSI and PSII reaction center proteins in Glycine max, and greater PSI vulnerability was suggested by earlier decrease in △MR/MR0 than Fv/Fm and depressed PSI oxidation in modulated 820 nm reflection transients. Inversely, PSI stability was defined in Glycine soja, as △MR/MR0 and PSI reaction center protein abundance were not affected by salt stress. Consistently, chloroplast ultrastructure and leaf lipid peroxidation were not affected in Glycine soja under salt stress. Inhibition on electron flow at PSII acceptor side helped protect PSI by restricting electron flow to PSI and seemed as a positive response in Glycine soja due to its rapid recovery after salt stress. Reciprocally, PSI stability aided in preventing PSII photoinhibition, as the simulated feedback inhibition by PSI inactivation induced great decrease in Fv/Fm under salt stress. In contrast, PSI inactivation elevated PSII excitation pressure through inhibition on PSII acceptor side and accelerated PSII photoinhibition in Glycine max, according to the positive and negative correlation of △MR/MR0 with efficiency that an electron moves beyond primary quinone and PSII excitation pressure respectively. CONCLUSION Therefore, photosystems coordination depending on PSI stability and rapid response of PSII acceptor side contributed to defending salt-induced oxidative stress on photosynthetic apparatus in Glycine soja. Photosystems interaction should be considered as one of the salt adaptable mechanisms in this halophytic soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
| | - Lanxing Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Zishan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin An
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, P. R. China
| | - Lixia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, P. R. China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P. R. China.
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Gao S, Liu X, Liu Y, Cao B, Chen Z, Xu K. Photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) grown under different LED wavelengths. BMC Plant Biol 2020; 20:78. [PMID: 32066376 PMCID: PMC7027053 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance, and in recent years, LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to different wavelengths of light. Thus, the influence of artificial light on photosynthesis requires further investigation to provide theoretical guidelines for the light environments used in industrial crop production. In this study, we tested the effects of different LEDs (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth, development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. RESULTS Plants in the W and B treatments had significantly higher height, leaf area, and fresh weight than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, but the other chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. This includes the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR). Finally, the leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. CONCLUSIONS White and blue light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onions, whereas yellow light reduced the photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xuena Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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Chen HC, Zhang SL, Wu KJ, Li R, He XR, He DN, Huang C, Wei H. The effects of exogenous organic acids on the growth, photosynthesis and cellular ultrastructure of Salix variegata Franch. Under Cd stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 187:109790. [PMID: 31639642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of three organic acids (citric acid, tartaric acid and malic acid) on the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic parameters of Salix variegata under Cd stress and observed the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in each treatment. Cd stress significantly reduced photosynthesis by reducing the content of pigments and disrupting chloroplast structure, which consequently decreased the biomass. However, respective addition of three organic acids greatly increased the biomass of S. variegata under Cd stress. Among them, the effect of malic acid or tartaric acid on shoot and total biomass accumulation was greater than that of citric acid. The alleviation of biomass probably related with the photosynthetic process. Results revealed that treatment with each organic acid enhanced the net photosynthesis rate under Cd stress. Malic acid promoted plant growth and biomass by increasing the chlorophyll content and mitigating damage to the photosynthetic apparatus resulting from Cd stress. Tartaric acid had little impact on the photosynthetic pigment content, but it was important in mitigating the ultrastructural damage of plants caused by Cd. Addition of citric acid significantly increased the carotenoid as well as the number and volume of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells, while the mitigation of structural damage in the photosynthetic apparatus was weaker than that in tartaric acid or malic acid treatment. It is concluded that application of tartaric acid or malic acid is effective in increasing the growth potential of S. variegata under Cd stress and thus can be a promising approach for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Guizhou Provincial Water Conservancy Research Institute, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ke-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xin-Rui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dan-Ni He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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19
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Vojta L, Tomašić Paić A, Horvat L, Rac A, Lepeduš H, Fulgosi H. Complex lumenal immunophilin AtCYP38 influences thylakoid remodelling in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Plant Physiol 2019; 243:153048. [PMID: 31639536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the luminal immunophilin AtCYP38 (cyclophilin 38) in Arabidopsis thaliana (At), the orthologue of the complex immunophilin TLP40 from Spinacia oleracea, revealed its involvement in photosystem II (PSII) repair and assembly, biogenesis of PSII complex, and cellular signalling. However, the main physiological roles of AtCYP38 and TLP40 are related to regulation of thylakoid PP2A-type phosphatase involved in PSII core protein dephosphorylation, and chaperone function during protein folding. Here we further investigate physiological roles of AtCYP38 and analyse the ultrastructure of chloroplasts from cyp38-2 plants. Transmission electron microscopy followed by quantitative micrography revealed modifications in thylakoid stacking. We also confirm that the depletion of AtCYP38 influences PSII performance, which leads to stunted phenotype of cyp38-2 plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vojta
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Divison of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Tomašić Paić
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Divison of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Horvat
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Divison of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Rac
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Divison of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Fulgosi
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Divison of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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20
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Yu W, Zhao R, Wang L, Zhang S, Li R, Sheng J, Shen L. ABA signaling rather than ABA metabolism is involved in trehalose-induced drought tolerance in tomato plants. Planta 2019; 250:643-655. [PMID: 31144110 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose increased drought tolerance of tomato plants, accompanied by reduced water loss and closed stomata, which was associated with the upregulated ABA signaling-related genes expression, but not in ABA accumulation. Drought is one of the principal abiotic stresses that negatively influence the growth of plant and yield. Trehalose has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of plants. However, little information is available on the role of ABA and its signaling components in trehalose-induced drought tolerance. The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential mechanism by which trehalose regulates ABA in response to drought stress. In this study, 6-week-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) plants were treated with 0 or 15.0 mM trehalose solution. Results showed that trehalose treatment significantly enhanced drought tolerance of tomato plants, accompanied by encouraged stomatal closure and protected chloroplast ultrastructure. Compared with controls, trehalose-treated plants showed lower hydrogen peroxide content and higher antioxidant enzymes activities, which contributed to alleviate oxidative damage caused by drought. Moreover, trehalose treatment decreased ABA content, which was followed by the downregulation of ABA biosynthesis genes expression and the upregulation of ABA catabolism genes expression. In contrast, exogenous trehalose upregulated transcript levels of ABA signaling-related genes, including SlPYL1/3/4/5/6/7/9, SlSnRK2.3/4, SlAREB1/2, and SlDREB1. These results suggested that trehalose treatment enhanced drought tolerance of tomato plants, and it's ABA signaling rather than ABA metabolism that was involved in trehalose-induced drought tolerance in tomato plants. These findings provide evidence for the physiological role of trehalose and bring about a new understanding of the possible relationship between trehalose and ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liu Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiping Sheng
- School of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Lin Shen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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21
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Figlioli F, Sorrentino MC, Memoli V, Arena C, Maisto G, Giordano S, Capozzi F, Spagnuolo V. Overall plant responses to Cd and Pb metal stress in maize: Growth pattern, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:1781-1790. [PMID: 30456613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a full description of the responses of the crop energy plant Zea mays to stress induced by Cd and Pb, in view of a possible extensive use in phytoattenuation of metal-polluted soils. In this perspective, (i) the uptake capability in root and shoot, (ii) the changes in growth pattern and cytological traits, and (iii) the photosynthetic efficiency based on photochemistry and the level of key proteins were investigated in hydroponic cultures. Both metals were uptaken by maize, with a translocation factor higher for Cd than Pb, but only Cd-treated plants showed a reduced growth compared to control (i.e., a lower leaf number and a reduced plant height), with a biomass loss up to 40%, at the highest concentration of metal (10-3 M). The observation of cytological traits highlighted ultrastructural damages in the chloroplasts of Cd-treated plants. A decline of Rubisco and D1 was observed in plants under Cd stress, while a relevant increase of the same proteins was found in Pb-treated plants, along with an increase of chlorophyll content. Fluorescent emission measurements indicated that both metals induced an increase of NPQ, but only Cd at the highest concentration determined a significant decline of Fv/Fm. These results indicate a different response of Z. mays to individual metals, with Pb triggering a compensative response and Cd inducing severe morpho-physiological alterations at all investigated levels. Therefore, Z. mays could be successfully exploited in phytoattenuation of Pb-polluted soil, but only at very low concentrations of Cd to avoid severe plant damages and biomass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Figlioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Memoli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Fiore Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Valeria Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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22
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Fan X, Chang W, Feng F, Song F. Responses of photosynthesis-related parameters and chloroplast ultrastructure to atrazine in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 166:102-108. [PMID: 30253284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is an ingredient in photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides and has been widely used to combat weeds in farmland. However, most atrazine that is applied fails to degrade in the soil and subsequently affects non-target plants. In this study, we investigated the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae on the photosynthesis-related parameters, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa plants, some of which had been exposed to atrazine. Our results showed that the percentage of AMF hyphal colonization reached 91.23% 35 days after the alfalfa was planted, which suggests a symbiotic relationship between F. mosseae and alfalfa roots. F. mosseae alleviated the inhibition of net photosynthesis and stomatal function significantly in alfalfa exposed to atrazine for 24 h. A chlorophyll fluorescence analysis revealed that F. mosseae prevented a major reduction in the performance of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in the presence of atrazine, such as the relative decrease of Fv/Fm between the non-mycorrhizal and F. mosseae mycorrhizal treatments was 4.4% and 5.8% after 24 and 48 h of atrazine exposure time. However, F. mosseae has no significant alleviation on a sharp reduction in the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid content in alfalfa exposed to atrazine. For the chloroplast ultrastructure in alfalfa exposed to atrazine, the number of both plastoglobules and partial granal stacks was greater in the presence of F. mosseae. In general, our results indicate that the F. mosseae inoculation was beneficial to sustain photosynthesis-related performance, such as net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII photochemistry in alfalfa after exposure to atrazine, because the mycorrhizal alfalfa had a greater number of plastoglobules and granal stacks in the chloroplast, thereby enhancing its resistance to the oxidative damage induced by atrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Fan
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Fujuan Feng
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fuqiang Song
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150500, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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23
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Tang D, Wei F, Kashif MH, Khan A, Li Z, Shi Q, Jia R, Xie H, Zhang L, Li B, Chen P, Zhou R. Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines. Protoplasma 2018; 255:863-871. [PMID: 29247278 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast being an important organelle of plant cells could possibly be associated with plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To better understand the correlation between (CMS) and chloroplast, we presented a comprehensive analysis based on the changes of photosynthetic parameters, chloroplasts ultrastructure, soluble sugar and starch content, the relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes, and chloroplast genome in rice isonuclear alloplasmic CMS lines at the flowering stage. Leaf gas exchange parameters did not affect by CMS lines (M2BS and M2A), although intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) was influenced in both M2BS and M2A. Ultrastructural observation results indicated that many starch granules were observed in the chloroplast of CMS lines, especially bigger size in M2BS, while few ones in M2B. Only the chloroplasts of M2A contained some additional number of lipoids compared with those of the other two lines (M2B and M2BS). Soluble sugar and starch contents in CMS lines (M2BS and M2A) were significantly higher than those in maintainer line (M2B) (p < 0.01). The relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes indicated the imbalance of starch and sugar synthesis and decomposition may lead to accumulation of starch granules and demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic effects. Moreover, chloroplast genome sequencing results showed similarity in both CMS lines, which revealed different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion (InDels) models compared with their maintainer line. Those models were located in psbD, rpoC2, rpl33, psbB, ndhA, ndhH, and intergenic regions. These findings, aligned with the possible association of CMS characteristics with cpDNA and genetically close relationship among both CMS lines, may contribute for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Haneef Kashif
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Qiqi Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Ruixing Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Hongying Xie
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nanning, China.
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24
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Arena C, Figlioli F, Sorrentino MC, Izzo LG, Capozzi F, Giordano S, Spagnuolo V. Ultrastructural, protein and photosynthetic alterations induced by Pb and Cd in Cynara cardunculus L., and its potential for phytoremediation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 145:83-89. [PMID: 28708985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium and lead were investigated in Cynara cardunculus L. Plant uptake by root and shoot, changes in cell ultrastructure and photosynthetic efficiency, photosynthetic key protein levels, as well as regulation of stress-induced Hsp70 were examined. Cynara cardunculus accumulated Cd and Pb in their tissue, with a different trend for the two metals. The prompt translocation of Cd to the shoot may justify the ultrastructural injuries, especially observed in chloroplasts. However, Cd- treated plants did not show any decline in photochemistry; it is likely that Cd in shoot tissue triggers defense mechanisms, increasing the level of proteins involved in photosynthesis (i.e., Rubisco and D1 increased 7 and 4.5 fold respectively) as a compensatory response to neutralize chloroplast damage. The accumulation of Pb mainly in root, can explain the increase in Hsp70 level (23 folds) in this tissue. Pb reached the shoots, even at low amounts, causing an overall significant change in some photochemical parameters (QY and NPQ decreases and increases of 25%, respectively). The results suggest a higher sensitivity of C. cardunculus to Pb than Cd, although maximal photochemical efficiency suggests that this species seems to tolerate Pb and Cd and hence, it is a suitable candidate for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Arena
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Figlioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - M C Sorrentino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - L G Izzo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - F Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - S Giordano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - V Spagnuolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Campus Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Rajpoot R, Rani A, Srivastava RK, Pandey P, Dubey RS. Terminalia arjuna bark extract alleviates nickel toxicity by suppressing its uptake and modulating antioxidative defence in rice seedlings. Protoplasma 2016; 253:1449-1462. [PMID: 26497693 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia arjuna (Ta) bark contains various natural antioxidants and has been used to protect animal cells against oxidative stress. In the present study, we have examined alleviating effects of Ta bark aqueous extract against Ni toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). When rice seedlings were raised for 8 days in hydroponics in Yoshida nutrient medium containing 200 μM NiSO4, a decline in height, reduced biomass, increased Ni uptake, loss of root plasma membrane integrity, increase in the level of O2˙-, H2O2 and ˙OH, increased lipid peroxidation, decline in photosynthetic pigments, increase in the level of antioxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and alterations in their isoenzyme profile patterns were observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed damage to chloroplasts marked by disorganised enlarged starch granules and disrupted thylakoids under Ni toxicity. Exogenously adding Ta bark extract (3.2 mg ml-1) to the growth medium considerably alleviated Ni toxicity in the seedlings by reducing Ni uptake, suppressing generation of reactive oxygen species, reducing lipid peroxidation, restoring level of photosynthesis pigments and ultrastructure of chloroplasts, and restoring levels of antioxidative enzymes. Results suggest that Ta bark extract considerably alleviates Ni toxicity in rice seedlings by preventing Ni uptake and reducing oxidative stress in the seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Rajpoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajneesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R S Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hu H, Wang L, Li Y, Sun J, Zhou Q, Huang X. Insight into mechanism of lanthanum (III) induced damage to plant photosynthesis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 127:43-50. [PMID: 26802561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A great deal of literature is available regarding the environmental and ecological effects of rare earth element pollution on plants. These studies have shown that excess lanthanum (La) (III) in the environment can inhibit plant growth and even cause plant death. Moreover, inhibition of plant photosynthesis is known to be one of the physiological bases of these damages. However, the mechanism responsible for these effects is still unclear. In this study, the mechanism of La(III)-induced damage to plant photosynthesis was clarified from the viewpoint of the chloroplast ultrastructure, the contents of chloroplast mineral elements and chlorophyll, the transcription of chloroplast ATPase subunits and chloroplast Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, in which rice was selected as a study object. Following treatment with low level of La(III), the chloroplast ultrastructure of rice was not changed, and the contents of chloroplast mineral elements (Mg, P, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn) increased, but the chlorophyll content did not change significantly. Moreover, the transcription of chloroplast ATPase subunits, chloroplast Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, the net photosynthetic rate and growth indices increased. Following treatment with high levels of La(III), the chloroplast ultrastructure was damaged, chloroplast mineral elements (except Cu and Zn) and chlorophyll contents decreased, and the transcription of chloroplast ATPase subunits, chloroplast Mg(2+)-ATPase activity, the net photosynthetic rate and growth indices decreased. Based on these results, a possible mechanism of La(III)-induced damage to plant photosynthesis was proposed to provide a reference for scientific evaluation of the potential ecological risk of rare earth elements in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yueli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jingwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Coorperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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De Marchis F, Valeri MC, Pompa A, Bouveret E, Alagna F, Grisan S, Stanzione V, Mariotti R, Cultrera N, Baldoni L, Bellucci M. Overexpression of the olive acyl carrier protein gene (OeACP1) produces alterations in fatty acid composition of tobacco leaves. Transgenic Res 2016; 25:45-61. [PMID: 26560313 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-015-9919-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Taking into account that fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis plays a crucial role in lipid accumulation in olive (Olea europaea L.) mesocarp, we investigated the effect of olive acyl carrier protein (ACP) on FA composition by overexpressing an olive ACP cDNA in tobacco plants. The OeACP1.1A cDNA was inserted in the nucleus or in the chloroplast DNA of different tobacco plants, resulting in extensive transcription of the transgenes. The transplastomic plants accumulated lower olive ACP levels in comparison to nuclear-transformed plants. Moreover, the phenotype of the former plants was characterized by pale green/white cotyledons with abnormal chloroplasts, delayed germination and reduced growth. We suggest that the transplastomic phenotype was likely caused by inefficient olive ACP mRNA translation in chloroplast stroma. Conversely, total lipids from leaves of nuclear transformants expressing high olive ACP levels showed a significant increase in oleic acid (18:1) and linolenic acid (18:3), and a concomitant significant reduction of hexadecadienoic acid (16:2) and hexadecatrienoic acid (16:3). This implies that in leaves of tobacco transformants, as likely in the mesocarp of olive fruit, olive ACP not only plays a general role in FA synthesis, but seems to be specifically involved in chain length regulation forwarding the elongation to C18 FAs and the subsequent desaturation to 18:1 and 18:3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Valeri
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Fiammetta Alagna
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
- Research Unit for Table Grapes and Wine Growing in Mediterranean Environment, CREA, Via Casamassima 148, Turi, 70010, Bari, Italy
| | - Simone Grisan
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vitale Stanzione
- Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems in the Mediterranean (ISAFOM), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Mariotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Cultrera
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Research Division of Perugia, CNR, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, Italy.
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun X, Wang L, Du N, Tao Y, Sun G, Erinle KO, Wang P, Zhou C, Duan S. Effect of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) on germination, antioxidant system, and chloroplast ultrastructure in Cucumis sativus L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1183-1192. [PMID: 26631021 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of agricultural soils caused by widely employed plastic products, such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs), are becoming widespread in China, and they have become a threat to human health and the environment. However, little information is available on the influence of PAEs on vegetable crops. In this study, effects of different dimethyl phthalate (DMP) treatments (0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg L(-1)) on seed germination and growth of cucumber seedlings were investigated. Although germination rate showed no significant difference compared to control, seed germination time was significantly delayed at DMP greater than 50 mg L(-1). Concentrations of DMP greater than 30 mg L(-1) reduced cucumber lateral root length and number. The measurement of five physiological indexes in cucumber leaves with increasing DMP concentration revealed a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content, while proline and H2O2 contents increased. Peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in cucumber plants under 30 and 50 mg L(-1) DMP treatments compared to control; while after a 7-day treatment, these activities were seriously reduced under 100 and 200 mg L(-1) DMP treatments. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographic images, the control and 30 mg L(-1) DMP treatments caused no change to leaf chloroplast shape with well-structured thylakoid membrane and parallel pattern of lamellae. At concentrations higher than 30 mg L(-1), DMP altered the ultrastructure of chloroplast, damaged membrane structure, disordered the lamellae, and increased the number and volume of starch grains. Moreover, the envelope of starch grains began to degrade under 200 mg L(-1) DMP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Na Du
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Kehinde O Erinle
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Changjian Zhou
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuwei Duan
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Vaculík M, Pavlovič A, Lux A. Silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity by enhanced photosynthetic rate and modified bundle sheath's cell chloroplasts ultrastructure in maize. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 120:66-73. [PMID: 26036417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Silicon was shown to alleviate the negative effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses on plant growth. Although the positive role of Si on toxic and heavy metal Cd has been already described, the mechanisms have been explained only partially and still remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the effect of Si on photosynthetic-related processes in maize exposed to two different levels of Cd via measurements of net photosynthetic rate (AN), chlorophyll a fluorescence and pigment analysis, as well as studies of leaf tissue anatomy and cell ultrastructure using bright-field and transmission electron microscopy. We found that Si actively alleviated the toxic syndromes of Cd by increasing AN, effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII) and content of assimilation pigments, although did not decrease the concentration of Cd in leaf tissues. Cadmium did not affect the leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of leaf mesophyll's cell chloroplasts; however, Cd negatively affected thylakoid formation in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells, and this was alleviated by Si. Improved thylakoid formation in bundle sheath's cell chloroplasts may contribute to Si-induced enhancement of photosynthesis and related increase in biomass production in C4 plant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Lux
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Tan W, Liang T, Li Q, Du Y, Zhai H. The phenotype of grape leaves caused by acetochlor or fluoroglycofen, and effects of latter herbicide on grape leaves. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 114:102-107. [PMID: 25175657 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroglycofen and acetochlor are two different herbicides used in vineyards to eradicate weeds. This present study first characterized the effects of these chemicals on phenotype of grape leaves. Results showed that acetochlor caused the middle- and upper-node grape leaves become yellow at 60th day after treatment, while fluoroglycofen caused the ones became dark green. Then the effects of fluoroglycofen on photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast ultrastructure were characterized. Results showed that fluoroglycofen increased the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents by different extent in different node leaves, while it did not affect the net photosynthesis rate significantly. Chloroplast ultrastructure analysis showed that the gap between thylakoids layers in few chloroplasts of middle-node leaves increased, which was also observed in ones of upper-node leaves; the number and size of chloroplast increased. Analysis on the deformed leaves of grapevines treated with 375 g ai ha(-1) fluoroglycofen showed that the starch grain per cell was much more and larger than that in the same size control leaves; the dark green and yellow parts had more or fewer chloroplast than the control, respectively, but both with more grana per chloroplast and less layers per granum. Chloroplasts went larger and round. Taken together, these results suggested that fluoroglycofen caused the grape leaves become dark green, which might be associated with the changes of chloroplast; the growth inhibition in the second year might be due to accumulation of starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu 030815, China
| | - Ting Liang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taigu 030815, China
| | - Yuanpeng Du
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Heng Zhai
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Ali S, Farooq MA, Hussain S, Yasmeen T, Abbasi GH, Zhang G. Alleviation of chromium toxicity by hydrogen sulfide in barley. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013; 32:2234-2239. [PMID: 23775579 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was carried out to examine the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) in alleviating chromium (Cr) stress in barley. A 2-factorial design with 6 replications was selected, including 3 levels of NaHS (0 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) and 2 levels of Cr (0 μM and 100 μM) as treatments. The results showed that NaHS addition enhances plant growth and photosynthesis slightly compared with the control. Moreover, NaHS alleviated the inhibition in plant growth and photosynthesis by Cr stress. Higher levels of NaHS exhibited more pronounced effects in reducing Cr concentrations in roots, shoots, and leaves. Ultrastructural examination of plant cells supported the facts by indication of visible alleviation of cell disorders in both root and leaf with exogenous application of NaHS. An increased number of plastoglobuli, disintegration, and disappearance of thylakoid membranes and starch granules were visualized inside the chloroplast of Cr-stressed plants. Starch accumulation in the chloroplasts was also noticed in the Cr-treated cells, with the effect being much less in Cr + NaHS-treated plants. Hence, it is concluded that H2 S produced from NaHS can improve plant tolerance under Cr stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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