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Graham B, Jin Y, Bazeley P, Husni E, Calabrese LH. Online, low-volume meditation does not alter immune-related biomarkers. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100531. [PMID: 36267832 PMCID: PMC9576541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prior studies of mindfulness meditation have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects but whether meditation courses delivered online can exert similar effects is poorly understood. Barriers to large scale implementation of traditional mindfulness meditation programs has created an increased interest in the effect of less time- and resource-intensive online meditation courses. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 6-week online mindfulness program with low time demands on nurses would lead to changes in gene expression, cytokine profiles, telomerase activity, and cortisol profiles. Methods This was a randomized, parallel pilot study comparing an online mindfulness-based stress management program to an active control group from December 2018 to May 2019. Healthy nurses with above average levels of perceived stress were randomized to receive a 6-week online mindfulness-based stress management program including ≥5 min daily meditation practice or listen to relaxing music for ≥5 min daily as the control arm. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks, and various self-reported measures of stress, physical and emotional health were collected at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Whole transcriptome mRNA sequencing of whole blood at baseline and after 6 weeks was performed along with measurement of plasma IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, and telomerase activity was measured. Diurnal salivary cortisol profiles were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks. The primary outcome was change over time in a pre-determined set of 53 genes representative of the immune-related changes seen with stress, which was analyzed using a mixed linear model. Secondary outcomes included all other self-reported measures and biomarkers mentioned above. Results A total of 61 nurses were randomized, with 52 having sufficient data to include in the final analysis. After 6 weeks, nurses in the control group reported significant reductions in stress as measured by the Perceived Stress Scale while those in the mindfulness group did not. However, after 12 weeks, the mindfulness group also showed a significant reduction in stress. When compared to the control group, no significant changes in RNA gene expression or any other biomarkers were observed in the nurses who participated in the mindfulness program. Conclusions Our study found that this brief online mindfulness-based intervention was effective in reducing stress in nurses, albeit with a delayed effect compared to listening to relaxing music. Regarding immunoregulatory effects, there were no significant differences between treatment and control groups in transcriptomic or other tested biomarkers of immune function. This study provides evidence for a floor effect of mindfulness on transcriptional and circulating biomarkers of immune function.
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Key Words
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CTRA, conserved ranscriptional response to adversity
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IRF-1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- PROMIS, patient-reported outcomes measurement information system
- PSS, perceived stress scale
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Graham
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, 9501 Euclid Ave./EC10, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,Corresponding author. Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, 1161 21st Avenue South, A-0118 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Peter Bazeley
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Elaine Husni
- Cleveland Clinic R.J. Fasenmyer Center for Clinical Immunology, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Leonard H. Calabrese
- Cleveland Clinic Orthopaedic & Rheumatologic Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave. Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Nabeel MM, Darwish RK, Alakel W, Maher R, Mostafa H, Hashem A, Elbeshlawy M, Abul-Fotouh A, Shousha HI, Saeed Marie M. Changes in Serum Interferon Gamma and Interleukin-10 in Relation to Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 4: A Pilot Study. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:428-434. [PMID: 35535108 PMCID: PMC9077187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study analyzes the changing levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-10 (as the main cytokines of T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 immune responses) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection undergoing therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and to correlate them with laboratory markers. Methods This Pilot study included 50 HCV monoinfected patients who received DAAs for 12 or 24 weeks. They were followed up monthly during therapy and 3 months after the end of the treatment. Liver disease was determined by transient elastography, in addition to FIB-4 indices. Analysis of IFN-gamma and IL-10 was carried out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results All patients carried HCV genotype 4. The Sustained virological response was 100% and 92% in cirrhotics and noncirrhotics, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups in baseline IL-10 or IFN-gamma. In noncirrhotics, IL-10 showed a significant reduction at Week 4 after treatment start. In cirrhotics, IL-10 showed a significant reduction at Week 4 after treatment starts and a significant reduction at Week 12 after the end of the treatment. At Week 12 after the end of the treatment, serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in cirrhotics. IFN-γ showed nonsignificant changes in noncirrhotics. A significant increase of IFN-γ occurred in cirrhotics from Week 4 after treatment starts to 12 weeks after the end of the treatment. IFN-γ was significantly higher in cirrhotics at Week 12 after the end of the treatment. IFN-γ and IL-10 showed different correlations with laboratory markers. Conclusion Viral eradication induced by DAAs caused a significant change in IL-10 and IFN-gamma.
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Key Words
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- AST, aspartate transaminase
- CHC, chronic hepatitis c
- DAA, Direct-acting antivirals
- DAC, daclatasvir
- DM, diabetes melliteus
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HTN, systemic hypertension
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-10, interleukin 10
- INR, international normalized ratio
- NCCVH, National Committee for Control of Viral Hepatitis
- SOF, sofosbuvir
- STROBE, strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology
- SVR, sustained virological response rates
- Th, T-helper
- cytokines
- direct-acting antivirals
- hepatitis C virus
- interferon gamma
- interleukin-10
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Nabeel
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania K. Darwish
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Alakel
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab Maher
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hossam Mostafa
- Internal Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Students' Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hashem
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbeshlawy
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Abul-Fotouh
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend I. Shousha
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Saeed Marie
- Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Address for correspondence. Mohamad Saeed Marie, Endemic Hepato-gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Tel.: +966560352933.
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Laageide L, Verhave B, Samkoff L, Looney R, Beck L. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis arising in a patient with atopic dermatitis on dupilumab. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 15:33-35. [PMID: 34401425 PMCID: PMC8349746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Laageide
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Brendon Verhave
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lawrence Samkoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Richard Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lisa Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Salazar-Gómez A, Ontiveros-Rodríguez JC, Pablo-Pérez SS, Vargas-Díaz ME, Garduño-Siciliano L. The potential role of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from medicinal plants in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome - A review. S Afr J Bot 2020; 135:240-251. [PMID: 32963416 PMCID: PMC7493762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of metabolic disorders related to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In latter years, plant secondary metabolites have become of special interest because of their potential role in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. Sesquiterpene lactones constitute a large and diverse group of biologically active compounds widely distributed in several medicinal plants used for the treatment of metabolic disorders. The structural diversity and the broad spectrum of biological activities of these compounds drew significant interests in the pharmacological applications. This review describes selected sesquiterpene lactones that have been experimentally validated for their biological activities related to risk factors of metabolic syndrome, together with their mechanisms of action. The potential beneficial effects of sesquiterpene lactones discussed in this review demonstrate that these substances represent remarkable compounds with a diversity of molecular structure and high biological activity, providing new insights into the possible role in metabolic syndrome management.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin I-converting enzyme
- AMPK, activated protein kinase
- APOC3, apolipoprotein C3
- AT, adipose tissue
- Antidiabetic
- CAT, catalase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- FFA, free fatty acids
- FN, fibronectin
- G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase
- GK, glucokinase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- HDL-C, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol
- Hypoglycemic
- Hypolipidemic
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-1β, interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- IR, insulin resistance
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
- Medicinal plants
- MetS, metabolic syndrome
- Metabolic syndrome
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SLns, sesquiterpene lactones
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STAT1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Sesquiterpene lactones
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglycerides
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta
- TLRs, Toll-like receptor
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VLDL, very-low-density lipoprotein
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Salazar-Gómez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Julio C Ontiveros-Rodríguez
- CONACYT - Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B-1, Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Saudy S Pablo-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu y M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, 77380 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Zhang H, Li Q, Teng Y, Lin Y, Li S, Qin T, Chen L, Huang J, Zhai H, Yu Q, Xu G. Interleukin-27 decreases ghrelin production through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:837-849. [PMID: 32528831 PMCID: PMC7280146 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a heterodimeric cytokine, plays a protective role in diabetes. Ghrelin, a gastric hormone, provides a hunger signal to the central nervous system to stimulate food intake. The relationship between IL-27 and ghrelin is still unexplored. Here we investigated that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)—mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling mediates the suppression of ghrelin induced by IL-27. Co-localization of interleukin 27 receptor subunit alpha (WSX-1) and ghrelin was observed in mouse and human gastric mucosa. Intracerebroventricular injection of IL-27 markedly suppressed ghrelin synthesis and secretion while stimulating STAT3–mTOR signaling in both C57BL/6J mice and high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. IL-27 inhibited the production of ghrelin in mHypoE-N42 cells. Inhibition of mTOR activity induced by mTOR siRNA or rapamycin blocked the suppression of ghrelin production induced by IL-27 in mHypoE-N42 cells. Stat 3 siRNA also abolished the inhibitory effect of IL-27 on ghrelin. IL-27 increased the interaction between STAT3 and mTOR in mHypoE-N42 cells. In conclusion, IL-27 suppresses ghrelin production through the STAT3-mTOR dependent mechanism.
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Fryk E, Strindberg L, Lundqvist A, Sandstedt M, Bergfeldt L, Mattsson Hultén L, Bergström G, Jansson PA. Galectin-1 is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes independently of obesity - A SCAPIS pilot study. Metabol Open 2019; 4:100017. [PMID: 32812946 PMCID: PMC7424824 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Galectin-1 is a recently discovered adipokine that increases with obesity and increased energy intake in adipose tissue. Our aim was to assess whether serum galectin-1 is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and other parameters of the metabolic syndrome independently of body mass index (BMI) in a cohort from the general population. Methods In this cross-sectional population-based cohort study from the western part of Sweden, we investigated associations between serum galectin-1, clinical characteristics and inflammatory markers in 989 women and men aged 50-65 years [part of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort]. Results We showed in linear models that serum galectin-1 was independently and: (1) inversely associated with T2D (p < 0.05) and glucose (p < 0.05); and (2) positively associated with age (p < 0.01), sex (p < 0.01), BMI (p < 0.01), insulin (p < 0.01) and C-reactive protein (p < 0.01). Furthermore, galectin-1 demonstrated univariate correlations with triglycerides (r = 0.20, p < 0.01), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-α (r = 0.24, p < 0.01), interleukin-6 (IL-6; r = 0.20, p < 0.01) and HbA1c (r = 0.14, p < 0.01). Conclusion In a cross-sectional study of a middle-aged population, we showed that serum galectin-1 is: (1) inversely associated with T2D independently of BMI; and (2) independently associated with other markers of the metabolic syndrome These results warrant prospective and functional studies on the role of galectin-1 in T2D.
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Key Words
- ALAT, alanine aminotransferase
- BMI, body mass index
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- Cross-sectional
- ELISA, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay
- Galectin-1
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- HOMA, homeostasis model assessment
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL, interleukin
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MSD, Meso Scale Diagnostics
- Metabolic syndrome
- Obesity
- SCAPIS, Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- Sex
- T2D, type 2 diabetes
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- Type 2 diabetes
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Fryk
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Wallenberg Laboratory Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Lena Strindberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Sandstedt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lennart Bergfeldt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, and Region Västra Götaland, Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lillemor Mattsson Hultén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg and the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Stamatopoulos A, Stamatopoulos T, Gamie Z, Kenanidis E, Ribeiro RDC, Rankin KS, Gerrand C, Dalgarno K, Tsiridis E. Mesenchymal stromal cells for bone sarcoma treatment: Roadmap to clinical practice. J Bone Oncol 2019; 16:100231. [PMID: 30956944 PMCID: PMC6434099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis and progression, as it is still associated with high morbidity and mortality. Current management of large bone sarcomas typically includes the complex therapeutic approach of limb salvage or sacrifice combined with pre- and postoperative multidrug chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and is still associated with high recurrence rates. The development of cellular strategies against specific characteristics of tumour cells appears to be promising, as they can target cancer cells selectively. Recently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have been the subject of significant research in orthopaedic clinical practice through their use in regenerative medicine. Further research has been directed at the use of MSCs for more personalized bone sarcoma treatments, taking advantage of their wide range of potential biological functions, which can be augmented by using tissue engineering approaches to promote healing of large defects. In this review, we explore the use of MSCs in bone sarcoma treatment, by analyzing MSCs and tumour cell interactions, transduction of MSCs to target sarcoma, and their clinical applications on humans concerning bone regeneration after bone sarcoma extraction.
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Key Words
- 5-FC, 5-fluorocytosine
- AAT, a1-antitrypsin
- APCs, antigen presenting cells
- ASC, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells
- Abs, antibodies
- Ang1, angiopoietin-1
- BD, bone defect
- BMMSCs, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
- Biology
- Bone
- CAM, cell adhesion molecules
- CCL5, chemokine ligand 5
- CCR2, chemokine receptor 2
- CD, classification determinants
- CD, cytosine deaminase
- CLUAP1, clusterin associated protein 1
- CSPG4, Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4
- CX3CL1, chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
- CXCL12/CXCR4, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 4
- CXCL12/CXCR7, C-X-C chemokine ligand 12/ C-X-C chemokine receptor 7
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor type 4
- Cell
- DBM, Demineralized Bone Marrow
- DKK1, dickkopf-related protein 1
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- FGF-2, fibroblast growth factors-2
- FGF-7, fibroblast growth factors-7
- GD2, disialoganglioside 2
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HMGB1/RACE, high mobility group box-1 protein/ receptor for advanced glycation end-products
- IDO, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
- IFN-α, interferon alpha
- IFN-β, interferon beta
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IGF-1R, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-12, interleukin-12
- IL-18, interleukin-18
- IL-1b, interleukin-1b
- IL-21, interleukin-21
- IL-2a, interleukin-2a
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IL11RA, Interleukin 11 Receptor Subunit Alpha
- MAGE, melanoma antigen gene
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2
- MMP2/9, matrix metalloproteinase-2/9
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- MSCs, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells
- Mesenchymal
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- OPG, osteoprotegerin
- Orthopaedic
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDX, patient derived xenograft
- PEDF, pigment epithelium-derived factor
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PI3K/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B
- PTX, paclitaxel
- RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
- RBCs, red blood cells
- RES, reticuloendothelial system
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- Regeneration
- SC, stem cells
- SCF, stem cells factor
- SDF-1, stromal cell-derived factor 1
- STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Sarcoma
- Stromal
- TAAs, tumour-associated antigens
- TCR, T cell receptor
- TGF-b, transforming growth factor beta
- TGF-b1, transforming growth factor beta 1
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- TNF-a, tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TRAIL, tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
- Tissue
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- WBCs, white blood cell
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stromal cells
- rh-TRAIL, recombinant human tumour necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodosios Stamatopoulos
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Zakareya Gamie
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ricardo Da Conceicao Ribeiro
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Kenneth Samora Rankin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Paul O'Gorman Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig Gerrand
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Kenneth Dalgarno
- School of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Stephenson Building, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- Academic Orthopaedic Unit, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, West Ring Road of Thessaloniki, Pavlos Melas Area, N. Efkarpia, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Center of Orthopaedics and Regenerative Medicine (C.O.RE.), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (C.I.R.I.), Aristotle University Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tanaka W, Yokoyama D, Matsuura Y, Nozaki M, Hirozawa N, Kunitake H, Sakono M, Sakakibara H. Subchronic toxicity evaluation of leaves from rabbiteye blueberry ( Vaccinium virgatum Aiton) in rats. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:272-278. [PMID: 30984564 PMCID: PMC6444125 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberry leaf may contain multiple compounds with beneficial effects, but limited about the safety. Powdered blueberry leaf has no toxic event at oral dose of daily 500, 1000 and 2500 mg/kg for 90 days in SD rats. No significant changes in food consumption, body weight gain and organ weights. A daily dose up to 2,500 mg/kg body weight in both the sexes rats may indicate a NOAEL. An acceptable daily intake of blueberry leaf powder for humans is calculated to be 25 mg in dry weight per kg body weight.
Blueberry leaf may contain multiple compounds with beneficial effects. We conducted a 90-day toxicity study in rats to evaluate the safety of consuming the leaves of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum Aiton; RB species). Powdered leaves were administered daily by oral gavage at doses of 500, 1000, and 2500 mg/kg body weight to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. Treatment did not result in death or changes in the behavior and external appearance of the animals. No alterations were observed in hematological and serum chemical parameters, urinalysis, food consumption, body weight gain, or absolute and relative organ weights at the end of the treatment period, with the exception of some leukocyte percentages in male rats treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg blueberry leaf powder. The findings indicate that rabbiteye blueberry leaf is safe for consumption and should be investigated as a candidate functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Daigo Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuura
- Miyazaki Prefectural Food Research and Development Center, 16500-2 Sadowara Cho, Miyazaki 880-0303, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nozaki
- SUNAO Pharma Inc., 2-74 Wachigawara, Miyazaki 880-0023, Japan
| | - Naoya Hirozawa
- SUNAO Pharma Inc., 2-74 Wachigawara, Miyazaki 880-0023, Japan
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masanobu Sakono
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Korhonen P, Pollari E, Kanninen KM, Savchenko E, Lehtonen Š, Wojciechowski S, Pomeshchik Y, Van Den Bosch L, Goldsteins G, Koistinaho J, Malm T. Long-term interleukin-33 treatment delays disease onset and alleviates astrocytic activation in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:74-86. [PMID: 30705990 PMCID: PMC6348738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Th2-type cytokine IL-33 delayed the disease onset of female SOD1-G93 A transgenic ALS mice. IL-33 decreased the proportion of T cells in the spleens and lymph nodes of female mice. IL-33 decreased astrocytic activation in the spinal cord of female mice. Male mice were unresponsive to the treatment.
Inflammation is a prominent feature of the neuropathology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Emerging evidence suggests that inflammatory cascades contributing to the disease progression are not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS) but also occur peripherally. Indeed, alterations in T cell responses and their secreted cytokines have been detected in ALS patients and in animal models of ALS. One key cytokine responsible for the shift in T cell responses is interleukin-33 (IL-33), which stimulates innate type 2 immune cells to produce a large amount of Th2 cytokines that are possibly beneficial in the recovery processes of CNS injuries. Since the levels of IL-33 have been shown to be decreased in patients affected with ALS, we sought to determine whether a long-term recombinant IL-33 treatment of a transgenic mouse model of ALS expressing G93A-superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-G93A) alters the disease progression and ameliorates the ALS-like disease pathology. SOD1-G93A mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of IL-33 and effects on disease onset and inflammatory status were determined. Spinal cord (SC) neurons, astrocytes and T-cells were exposed to IL-33 to evaluate the cell specific responses to IL-33. Treatment of SOD1-G93A mice with IL-33 delayed the disease onset in female mice, decreased the proportion of CD4+ and CD8 + T cell populations in the spleen and lymph nodes, and alleviated astrocytic activation in the ventral horn of the lumbar SC. Male SOD1-G93A mice were unresponsive to the treatment. In vitro studies showed that IL-33 is most likely not acting directly on neurons and astrocytes, but rather conveying its effects through peripheral T-cells. Our results suggest that strategies directed to the peripheral immune system may have therapeutic potential in ALS. The effect of gender dimorphisms to the treatment efficacy needs to be taken into consideration when designing new therapeutic strategies for CNS diseases.
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Key Words
- ALS
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Arg-1, arginine-1
- Astrocyte
- CM, conditioned medium
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cytokine
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium
- EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- HO-1, hemeoxygenase-1
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-10, interleukin-10
- IL-1RAcP, interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein
- IL-33, interleukin-33
- IL-33R, interleukin-33 receptor
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Iba-1, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-33
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- Microglia
- NFE2L2, the gene encoding Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- RT, room temperature
- SC, spinal cord
- SD, standard deviation
- SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1
- Spinal cord
- T cell
- TG, transgenic
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- WT, wildtype
- fALS, familial ALS
- sALS, sporadic ALS
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Korhonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eveliina Pollari
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Box 912, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Savchenko
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Šárka Lehtonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Wojciechowski
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yuriy Pomeshchik
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Box 912, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gundars Goldsteins
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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Valentin A, Li J, Rosati M, Kulkarni V, Patel V, Jalah R, Alicea C, Reed S, Sardesai N, Berkower I, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Dose-dependent inhibition of Gag cellular immunity by Env in SIV/HIV DNA vaccinated macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2005-11. [PMID: 26125521 PMCID: PMC4635869 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of a balanced immune response targeting the major structural proteins, Gag and Env of HIV, is important for the development of an efficacious vaccine. The use of DNA plasmids expressing different antigens offers the opportunity to test in a controlled manner the influence of different vaccine components on the magnitude and distribution of the vaccine-induced cellular and humoral immune responses. Here, we show that increasing amounts of env DNA results in greatly enhanced Env antibody titers without significantly affecting the levels of anti-Env cellular immune responses. Co-immunization with Env protein further increased antibody levels, indicating that vaccination with DNA only is not sufficient for eliciting maximal humoral responses against Env. In contrast, under high env:gag DNA plasmid ratio, the development of Gag cellular responses was significantly reduced by either SIV or HIV Env, whereas Gag humoral responses were not affected. Our data indicate that a balanced ratio of the 2 key HIV/SIV vaccine components, Gag and Env, is important to avoid immunological interference and to achieve both maximal humoral responses against Env to prevent virus acquisition and maximal cytotoxic T cell responses against Gag to prevent virus spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valentin
- a Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute at Frederick ; Frederick , MD USA
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Zhang Y, Feng L, Li L, Wang D, Li C, Sun C, Li P, Zheng X, Liu Y, Yang W, Niu X, Zhong N, Chen L. Effects of the fusion design and immunization route on the immunogenicity of Ag85A-Mtb32 in adenoviral vectored tuberculosis vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:1803-13. [PMID: 26076321 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1042193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines containing multiple antigens may induce broader immune responses and provide better protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection as compared to a single antigen. However, strategies for incorporating multiple antigens into a single vector and the immunization routes may affect their immunogenicity. In this study, we utilized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) as a model vaccine vector, and Ag85A (Rv3804c) and Mtb32 (Rv0125) as model antigens, to comparatively evaluate the influence of codon usage optimization, signal sequence, fusion linkers, and immunization routes on the immunogenicity of tuberculosis (TB) vaccine containing multiple antigens in C57BL/6 mice. We showed that codon-optimized Ag85A and Mtb32 fused with a GSG linker induced the strongest systemic and pulmonary cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses. Strong CMI responses were characterized by the generation of a robust IFN-γ ELISPOT response as well as antigen-specific CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells, which secreted mono-, dual-, or multiple cytokines. We also found that subcutaneous (SC) and intranasal (IN)/oral immunization with this candidate vaccine exhibited the strongest boosting effects for Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-primed systemic and pulmonary CMI responses, respectively. Our results supported that codon optimized Ag85A and Mtb32 fused with a proper linker and immunized through SC and IN/oral routes can generate the strongest systemic and pulmonary CMI responses in BCG-primed mice, which may be particularly important for the design of TB vaccines containing multiple antigens.
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Key Words
- APC, Allophycocyanin
- BCG, Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin
- BSA, bovine serum album
- CMI, cell-mediated immune responses
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide
- ELISPOT, Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent spot
- FACS, Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HA tag, hemagglutinin tag
- HEK, human embryo kidney
- ICS, Intracellular cytokine staining
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, Interleukin 2
- IM, intramuscular
- IN, intranasal
- Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- NBT/BCIP, Nitro blue tetrazolium/ 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate
- PBS, Phosphate Buffered Saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, Phycoerythrin
- PerCP, Peridinin-ChlorophylL-Protein Complex
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- SC, subcutaneous
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SFC, spot-forming cells
- TB, tuberculosis
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- fusion strategies
- immunization routes
- immunogenicity
- multiple antigens
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- rAd5, recombinant adenovirus type 5
- tPA, tissue plasminogen activator
- vp, viral particles
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University ; Guangzhou , China
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12
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Martínez R, de Villavicencio-Díaz TN, Sánchez A, Ramos Y, Ferro JN, González LG, Méndez M, Rodríguez E, Marcos E, Sánchez B, Masforrol Y, Garay H, Albericio F, Hermida L, González LJ, Vonasek E, Estrada MP, Besada V. Comparative proteomic analysis of growth hormone secretagogue A233 treatment of murine macrophage cells J774A.2 indicates it has a role in antiviral innate response. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:379-87. [PMID: 28955845 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Growth hormone secretagogues (GHS), among other factors, regulate the release of GH. The biological activity of the secretagogue peptide A233 as a promoter of growth and innate immunity in teleost fish has previously been demonstrated, but its role in the immune system of mammals is not well understood. Methods The effect of the peptide was investigated in J774A.2 macrophage cells using a comparative proteomics approach after 6 and 12 h of peptide stimulation. Results The functional analysis of differentially modulated proteins showed that A233 peptide treatment appears to promote activation and ROS-dependent cytotoxic functions in macrophages and enhanced expression of antiviral protein complexes such as MAVS. In accordance with this hypothesis, we found that A233 treatment enhanced superoxide anion production and the IFN-γ level in J774A.2 cells and mouse splenocytes, respectively, and reduced viral load in a dengue virus mouse model of infection. Conclusions The growth hormone secretagogue A233 peptide promotes activation of ROS-dependent cytotoxic functions and exerts immunomodulatory effects that enable an antiviral state in a dengue virus mouse model. General Significance The increase of IFN-γ level and the differential modulation of antiviral proteins by the A233 peptide suggest that the molecule could activate an innate immune response with a possible further impact in the treatment of acute and chronic diseases. Peptide treatment increases superoxide anion production in J774 macrophage cells. A233 peptide treatment increases INF-γ levels in mouse splenocytes. Mice treated with A233 significantly reduce viral load after challenge with DENV-3. Peptide treatment may activates cytotoxic functions and exert an antiviral effect.
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Abstract
The identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) has made possible the development of antigen-specific cancer immunotherapies such as tecemotide. One of those is mucin 1 (MUC1), a cell membrane glycoprotein expressed on some epithelial tissues such as breast and lung. In cancer, MUC1 becomes overexpressed and aberrantly glycosylated, exposing the immunogenic tandem repeat units in the extracellular domain of MUC1. Designed to target tumor associated MUC1, tecemotide is being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials for treatment of unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as maintenance therapy following chemoradiotherapy. Additional Phase II studies in other indications are ongoing. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical development of tecemotide, ongoing preclinical studies of tecemotide in human MUC1 transgenic mouse models of breast and lung cancer, and the potential application of these models for optimizing the timing of chemoradiotherapy and tecemotide immunotherapy to achieve the best treatment outcome for patients.
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Key Words
- ADT, androgen deprivation therapy
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- ASI, active specific immunotherapy
- BSC, best supportive care
- CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen
- CI, confidence interval
- CONSORT, consolidated standards of reporting trials
- CPA, cyclophosphamide
- CRT, chemoradiotherapy
- CTL, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
- Chemoradiotherapy
- DMPG, Dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol
- DPPC, Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine
- DTH, delayed-type hypersensitivity
- ECOG, Eastern cooperative oncology group
- ELISpot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot
- FACT-L, functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung
- Gy, gray
- HLA, human lymphocyte antigen
- HR, hazard ratio
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL-2, Interleukin 2
- INSPIRE, stimuvax trial in Asian NSCLC patients: stimulating immune response
- ITT, intent to treat
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin
- LICC, L-BLP25 in colorectal cancer
- LR, locoregional
- MAP, multiple antigenic peptide
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- MMT, muc1-expressing mammary tumor
- MPLA, monophosphoryl lipid A
- MUC1
- MUC1, Mucin 1
- MUC1.Tg, MUC1 transgenic
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- OH-BBN, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine
- OS, overall survival
- PBL, peripheral blood lymphocytes
- PCR, pathological complete remission
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- PyV-mT, polyomavirus middle-T
- QOL, quality of life
- RCB, residual cancer burden
- RECIST, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors
- RTX, radiotherapy
- START, stimulating targeted antigenic responses to NSCLC
- TAA, tumor associated antigen
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TH1, T-helper type I
- TH2, T-helper type II
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TOI, trial outcome index
- VNTR, variable number of tandem repeats
- i.v., intravenous
- immunotherapy
- non-small cell lung cancer
- tecemotide
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Wurz
- a University of California , Davis; Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Hematology and Oncology ; Sacramento , CA USA
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Hristodorov D, Mladenov R, Brehm H, Fischer R, Barth S, Thepen T. Recombinant H22(scFv) blocks CD64 and prevents the capture of anti-TNF monoclonal antibody. A potential strategy to enhance anti-TNF therapy. MAbs 2015; 6:1283-9. [PMID: 25517313 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in many inflammatory diseases. Soluble TNF can be neutralized by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), and this is a widely-used therapeutic approach. However, some patients do not respond to anti-TNF therapy due to the increased expression of CD64 on monocytes and macrophages. A recent study has shown that CD64 captures anti-TNF mAbs via their Fcγ domain, which induces the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes. Specific blocking of CD64 could therefore be a promising strategy to improve the response to anti-TNF therapy. We used the CD64-specific antibody fragment H22(scFv) and tested its activity against the human CD64(+) cell line HL-60. When stimulated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ), these cells represent a pro-inflammatory phenotype of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. We found that H22(scFv) binds selectively to and blocks CD64, preventing the capture of anti-TNF mAb. Importantly, H22(scFv) itself does not induce CD64 activation. We also found that transmembrane TNF on HL-60 cells stimulated with IFN-γ also contributes to the capture of anti-TNF mAb, although via their Fab domain. In conclusion, the specific blocking of CD64 by H22(scFv) could be used a possible anti-inflammatory mechanism for potentiating the effect of anti-TNF antibodies.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
- CD64
- CDC, complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
- Fcγ, fragment crystallizable gamma
- H22
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TNF
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- aglycoIgG1, aglycosylated IgG1
- chronic inflammation
- immunotherapy
- mAb(s), monoclonal antibodie(s)
- mTNF, transmembrane tumor necrosis factor
- monoclonal antibodies
- scFv, single chain fragment variable
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrij Hristodorov
- a Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy; Institute of Applied Medical Engineering ; University Hospital RWTH Aachen ; Aachen , Germany
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Maenhout SK, Thielemans K, Aerts JL. Location, location, location: functional and phenotypic heterogeneity between tumor-infiltrating and non-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e956579. [PMID: 25941577 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.956579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies is focusing on the role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the suppression of antitumor immune responses. Although the main site of action for MDSCs is most likely the tumor microenvironment, the study of these cells has been largely restricted to MDSCs derived from peripheral lymphoid organs. Only in a minority of studies MDSCs isolated from the tumor microenvironment have been characterized. This review will give an overview of the data available on the phenotypical and functional differences between tumor-derived MDSCs and MDSCs isolated from the spleen of tumor-bearing mice or from the peripheral blood of cancer patients.
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Key Words
- ATRA, all-trans retinoic acid
- Bv8, Bombina variagata peptide 8
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL, interleukin
- IL-4Rα, interleukin-4 receptor alpha
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- M-CSF, macrophage-colony stimulating factor
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MDSCs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- NS cells, natural suppressor cells
- PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1
- PHA, phytohemagglutinin
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAMs, tumor-associated macrophages
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- immunosuppression
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- siRNA, small interfering ribonucleic acid
- tumor immunology
- tumor microenvironment
- tumor models
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Maenhout
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Immunology-Physiology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Immunology-Physiology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy; Department of Immunology-Physiology ; Vrije Universiteit Brussel ; Brussels, Belgium
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Ghonem N, Yoshida J, Murase N, Strom SC, Venkataramanan R. Treprostinil Improves Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity during Rat Liver Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2012; 2:323-32. [PMID: 25755454 PMCID: PMC3940493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity is an important indicator of liver graft function. CYP450 activity is altered by pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are associated with ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Treprostinil, an FDA-approved prostacyclin analog, ameliorated cold I/R injury during rat OLT. We hypothesized that treprostinil would improve CYP450 activity in liver graft during cold I/R injury post-OLT. METHODS OLT was performed in syngeneic male Lewis rats with 18 h graft preservation in cold UW solution. Donor and recipients received treprostinil (100 ng/kg/min) or matching placebo for 24 h before and up to 48 h post-OLT. Liver graft mRNA and protein expression of CYP450 isoforms were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The formation rates of 1-hydroxymidazolam and 6β-hydroxytestosterone, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, 2α- and 16α-hydroxytestosterone in liver graft microsomes served as markers for CYP3A, CYP2E1, and CYP2C11 activity, respectively, and were measured by LC-MS. RESULTS Treprostinil significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels at 6-48 h after OLT, compared to placebo. The expressions of TNFα and IFNγ mRNA in the liver graft were significantly inhibited in the treprostinil-treated group at 1 h post-reperfusion. Treprostinil restored CYP2E1 protein expression to that of normal liver and significantly improved CYP3A activity to more than two-fold of placebo early post-OLT. CONCLUSIONS Treprostinil significantly ameliorated hepatic injury, reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and improved CYP450 activity in liver graft early post-OLT. These findings suggest that treprostinil has the potential to serve as a therapeutic option to protect liver graft function against I/R injury during clinical OLT.
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Key Words
- 1-OH MDZ, 1-hydroxymidazolam
- 16α-OH TST, 16α-hydroxytestosterone
- 2α-OH TST, 2α-hydroxytestosterone
- 6-OH CZN, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone
- 6β-OH TST, 6β-hydroxytestosterone
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- AUC, area under the time-concentration curves
- CYP450, cytochrome P450
- CZN, chlorzoxazone
- HPLC-mass spectrometry
- I/R, ischemia-reperfusion
- IFN-γ, interferon gamma
- IL, interleukin
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury
- MDZ, midazolam
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NL, normal liver
- OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation
- PG, prostaglandin
- PGI2, prostacyclin
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- TST, testosterone
- UW, University of Wisconsin
- cytokines
- drug metabolism
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- prostacyclin
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisanne Ghonem
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Address for correspondence: Nisanne Ghonem, Yale University School of Medicine, Digestive Diseases Section, TAC S230, USA. Tel.: +1 203 785 3150; fax: +1 203 785 7273.
| | - Junichi Yoshida
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Noriko Murase
- School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen C. Strom
- Professor, Cellular Transplantation, Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Hospital, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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