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Tunstall AM, O'Brien SC, Monaghan DM, Burakoff A, Marquardt RK. Lessons Learned from Cross-Systems Approach to COVID-19 Pandemic Response in Juvenile Justice System, Colorado, USA. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:S13-S16. [PMID: 38561629 PMCID: PMC10986830 DOI: 10.3201/eid3013.230782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the importance of a close partnership between public health and juvenile justice systems when responding to communicable diseases. Many setting-specific obstacles must be navigated to respond effectively to limit disease transmission and negative health outcomes while maintaining necessary services for youth in confinement facilities. The response requires multidisciplinary expertise and collaboration to address unique considerations. Public health mitigation strategies must balance the risk for disease against the negative effects of restrictions. Key aspects of the COVID-19 response in the juvenile justice system of Colorado, USA, involved establishing robust communication and data reporting infrastructures, building a multidisciplinary response team, adapting existing infection prevention guidelines, and focusing on a whole-person health approach to infection prevention. We examine lessons learned and offer recommendations on pandemic emergency response planning and managing a statewide public health emergency in youth confinement settings that ensure ongoing readiness.
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Cauffman E, Gillespie ML, Beardslee J, Davis F, Hernandez M, Williams T. Adolescent Contact, Lasting Impact? Lessons Learned From Two Longitudinal Studies Spanning 20 Years of Developmental Science Research With Justice-System-Involved Youths. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2023; 24:133-161. [PMID: 38236945 PMCID: PMC10799550 DOI: 10.1177/15291006231205173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we summarize key findings from 20 years of research conducted at the intersection of developmental psychology and juvenile justice in the United States. We predominantly examine data from two large-scale, multisite longitudinal studies involving justice-system-involved adolescents-the Pathways to Desistance study and the Crossroads study. Topics of discussion include predictors of offending and desistance from crime; youth outcomes and psychosocial needs; and emerging research, programs, and policy initiatives. First, individual-level (e.g., age, psychosocial maturity) and contextual-level (e.g., antisocial peers, exposure to violence) risk factors associated with offending are explored. Second, we discuss short-term and long-term outcomes of justice-system contact for youths engaging in moderate offenses. We highlight main findings from the Crossroads study indicating that youths who are sanctioned by the justice system at their first arrest have worse outcomes than youths who are diverted from formal processing. Additionally, we discuss the high prevalence of youths' exposure to violence and mental health disorders as well as the differential treatment of youths of color in the justice system. Third, we extend the conversation to justice-system-involved young adults and discuss emerging, innovative legal solutions, including young adult courts. Last, we discuss real-world implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie L Gillespie
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jordan Beardslee
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Frank Davis
- Alternate Public Defender's Office, Orange County, California
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Daken K, Excell T, Clark KA, Hughto JMW, Sanders T, Debattista J, du Plessis C, Mullens AB, Phillips TM, Gildersleeve J, Brömdal A. Correctional staff knowledge, attitudes and behaviors toward incarcerated trans people: A scoping review of an emerging literature. Int J Transgend Health 2023; 25:149-166. [PMID: 38681490 PMCID: PMC11044747 DOI: 10.1080/26895269.2023.2265386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background: Trans people are incarcerated at disproportionately high rates relative to cisgender people and are at increased risk of negative experiences while incarcerated, including poor mental health, violence, sexual abuse, dismissal of self-identity, including poor access to healthcare. Aims: This scoping review sought to identify what is known about the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of correctional staff toward incarcerated trans people within the adult and juvenile justice systems. Method: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the five-stage iterative process developed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), utilizing the PRISMA guidelines and checklist for scoping reviews and included an appraisal of included papers. A range of databases and grey literature was included. Literature was assessed against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, with included studies written in English, online full text availability, and reported data relevant to the research question. Results: Seven studies were included with four using qualitative methodologies, one quantitative, and two studies employing a mixed methods approach. These studies provided insights into the systemic lack of knowledge and experience of correctional staff working with trans people, including staff reporting trans issues are not a carceral concern, and carceral settings not offering trans-affirming training to their staff. Within a reform-based approach these findings could be interpreted as passive ignorance and oversights stressing the importance of organizational policies and leadership needing to set standards for promoting the health and wellbeing of incarcerated trans persons. Conclusions: From a transformational lens, findings from this study highlight the urgent need to address the underlying structural, systemic, and organizational factors that impact upon the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors staff have and hold in correctional, and other health and community settings to meaningfully and sustainably improve health, wellbeing, and gender-affirming treatment and care for trans communities, including make possible alternative methods of accountability for those who do harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie Daken
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tarra Excell
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirsty A. Clark
- Department of Medicine, Health & Society, Institute for Public Policy Studies, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jaclyn M. W. Hughto
- Departments of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Centre for Health Equity Research, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Tait Sanders
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph Debattista
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital & Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol du Plessis
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy B. Mullens
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tania M. Phillips
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica Gildersleeve
- School of Humanities and Communication, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annette Brömdal
- School of Education, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Goldman PN, Wilson JD. Implementation of Substance Use Services to Justice-Involved Youth: Examining Barriers, Facilitators, and Best Practices. J Correct Health Care 2023; 29:347-354. [PMID: 37695816 PMCID: PMC10623469 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.22.05.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth are known to be at elevated risk of substance use disorder (SUD). This review examines literature published over a 10-year period and summarizes evidence-based practices for screening, treatment, and linkage to care for justice-involved youth as well as barriers and facilitators that may arise during implementation. Strategies to incorporate a health equity lens and trauma-informed approaches are discussed. Despite high prevalence of substance use and research showing that treatment reduces recidivism, few juvenile justice systems universally screen and treat youth with SUD. There is limited developmentally appropriate guidance available for those seeking to better address substance use in juvenile justice settings. This review highlights gaps in the literature, which must be addressed to increase access to treatment and improve outcomes for this vulnerable youth population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula N Goldman
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Deanna Wilson
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hoskins D, Meza JI, Del Cid MV, Kemp K, Koinis-Mitchell D, Webb M, Tolou-Shams M. Impact of Family, Neighborhood, and Schools on Behavioral Health Needs of Justice-Involved Latinx Adolescents. Couple Family Psychol 2023; 12:168-189. [PMID: 37705892 PMCID: PMC10499485 DOI: 10.1037/cfp0000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Latinx adolescents are overrepresented in the justice system and have high untreated behavioral health needs. We examined the family as well as promotive and inhibitive environments (i.e., neighborhood and school) and their associations on behavioral health among 181 first-time justice-involved Latinx adolescents. Results showed that more optimal caregiver-adolescent attachment was associated with fewer behavioral health needs; more negative caregiver-adolescent communication with greater behavioral health needs. Increased neighborhood disadvantage and negative school interactions served as inhibitive environments and were associated with greater behavioral health needs. Moderation analyses indicated that negative communication was associated with greater behavioral health needs among dyads with large acculturation differences but not for dyads close in acculturation. Findings underscore the need to assess the family relationships and communication, promotive/inhibitive environments, and acculturation differences when determining how to meet behavioral health needs among justice-involved Latinx adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hoskins
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
| | | | | | - Kathleen Kemp
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
| | | | - Margaret Webb
- UCSF Benioff, Children's Hospital, Oakland, California, United States
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Tolliver DG, Abrams LS, Biely C, Meza BPL, Schickedanz A, Guerrero AD, Jackson NJ, Bath E, Heard-Garris N, Dudovitz R, Barnert E. United States Youth Arrest and Health Across the Life Course: A Nationally Representative Longitudinal Study. Acad Pediatr 2023; 23:722-730. [PMID: 36055448 PMCID: PMC9971348 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth are arrested at high rates in the United States; however, long-term health effects of arrest remain unmeasured. We sought to describe the sociodemographic characteristics and health of adults who were arrested at various ages among a nationally representative sample. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we describe sociodemographics and health status in adolescence (Wave I, ages 12-21) and adulthood (Wave V, ages 32-42) for people first arrested at age younger than 14 years, 14 to 17 years, and 18 to 24 years, compared to never arrested adults. Health measures included physical health (general health, mobility/functional limitations, death), mental health (depressive symptoms, suicidal thoughts), and clinical biomarkers (hypertension, diabetes). We estimate associations between age of first arrest and health using covariate adjusted regressions. RESULTS Among the sample of 10,641 adults, 28.5% had experienced arrest before age 25. Individuals first arrested as children (ie, age <14) were disproportionately Black, compared to White. Compared to individuals never arrested, people arrested before age 25 had more depressive symptoms and higher rates of suicidal thoughts during adolescence. Arrest before age 25 was associated with worse self-reported health, higher rates of functional limitations, more depressive symptoms, and greater mortality by adulthood (ages 32-42). CONCLUSIONS Arrest before age 25 was associated with worse physical and mental health--and even death in adulthood. Child arrest was disproportionately experienced by Black children. Reducing arrests of youth may be associated with improved health across the life course, particularly among Black youth, thereby promoting health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny G Tolliver
- Yale National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine (DG Tolliver), New Haven, Conn.
| | - Laura S Abrams
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles (LS Abrams)
| | - Christopher Biely
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles (C Biely, AD Guerrero, R Dudovitz, and E Barnert)
| | - Benjamin P L Meza
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles (BPL Meza and NJ Jackson)
| | - Adam Schickedanz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Los Angeles (A Schickedanz)
| | - Alma D Guerrero
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles (C Biely, AD Guerrero, R Dudovitz, and E Barnert)
| | - Nicholas J Jackson
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles (BPL Meza and NJ Jackson)
| | - Eraka Bath
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute/NPI, University of California Los Angeles (E Bath)
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (N Heard-Garris), Chicago, Ill
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles (C Biely, AD Guerrero, R Dudovitz, and E Barnert)
| | - Elizabeth Barnert
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, University of California Los Angeles (C Biely, AD Guerrero, R Dudovitz, and E Barnert)
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7
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Abstract
Background The high occurrence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescents within the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) has been confirmed. Most of the available data are from developed countries and some of them focus on just a single psychiatric disorder which may not be representative of the situation in low-income countries, hence the need for more studies in developing countries, including Nigeria. Aim The study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders amongst adolescent residents of a correctional facility. Setting The study was carried out at a Borstal Institution in North-Central Nigeria. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. One hundred and twenty adolescents were assessed using the socio-demographic pro forma questionnaire designed by the researcher and the Kiddies Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS-PL). Data were analysed using EPI-INFO 4.06 d version 6.04 software. Results A total of 62.5% of the male respondents were older than 15 years. The percentage of respondents with a psychiatric disorder was 82.5%. The rate of psychiatric disorders was high with disruptive behaviour disorders being the most common at 40.8%, others were substance use disorders (15.8%), anxiety disorders (14.2%), psychosis (6.7%) and mood disorders (5%). Conclusion This study has established a high prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders amongst incarcerated adolescents. This is in line with the findings of numerous studies worldwide. This study has identified the need to increase awareness and knowledge about the high morbidity of mental disorders in growing juvenile detainee populations. This will allow early identification of adolescents at risk of psychiatric disorders and ensure efficient resource distribution of both JJS service and mental healthcare. Effective and appropriate interventions have shown to improve overall health, quality of life and reduce the rate of recidivism amongst incarcerated juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amudalat T Kuranga
- Department of Behavioural Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Abdullahi D Yussuf
- Department of Behavioural Science, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Robertson EL, Frick PJ, Ray JV, Thornton LC, Wall Myers TD, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. Do callous-unemotional traits moderate the effects of the juvenile justice system on later offending behavior? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:212-222. [PMID: 32449527 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a recent addition to psychiatric classification of serious conduct problems, may moderate the influence of a number of contextual factors (e.g., parenting, deviant peer influence) on an adolescent's adjustment. The current study sought to replicate past research showing that formal processing through the juvenile justice system increases recidivism and tested the novel hypothesis that CU traits would moderate the relationship between processing decision and future antisocial behavior. METHODS A diverse sample of first-time male offenders (N = 1,216; M age = 15.12, SD = 1.29) in three regions of the United States was assessed within 6 weeks of their first arrest and then at 6-month intervals for 36 months. RESULTS Compared to those who were informally processed (i.e., diverted), adolescents formally processed through the court were at a higher risk of self-reported offending and rearrests as measured by official records, after controlling for preexisting risk factors. However, baseline CU traits moderated this association such that those with high CU traits reported offending at high rates across the subsequent three years regardless of how the juvenile justice system processed their case. CONCLUSIONS CU traits are important to psychiatric classification for designating a subgroup of antisocial youth who may respond differently to contextual influences, including being less susceptible to the negative effects of juvenile justice system involvement. The public health significance of this moderation is significant by suggesting that previous estimates of the harmful impact of formal processing by the juvenile justice system may underestimate its impact, given that the majority of arrested adolescents have normative levels of CU traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Paul J Frick
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.,Institute for Learning Sciences & Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - James V Ray
- Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Laura C Thornton
- Bureau of Family Health, Louisiana Department of Health, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Cauffman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Huang S, Gardner S, Piper KN, Coleman AS, Becan JE, Robertson AA, Elkington KS. Bridging Systems to Implement HIV/STI Programming Within the Juvenile Justice System: Strengths and Challenges of a Local Change Team Approach. AIDS Educ Prev 2020; 32:432-453. [PMID: 33112673 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.5.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Justice-involved youth are at risk for HIV/STIs but do not access services. The complex challenges of improving the delivery of health-related services within juvenile justice (JJ) settings warrant exploration of strategies to close this service gap. This study describes the successes and challenges of utilizing a local change team (LCT) strategy comprising JJ and health agency staff to implement HIV/STI programming in JJ settings, across six counties in six states in the U.S. Five focus groups comprising n = 28 JJ and health agency staff who served as LCT members were conducted. Results demonstrated the structured nature of the collaborative process and strength of commitment among LCT members were necessary for successful implementation of HIV/STI programming. The use of LCTs comprising membership of JJ and (behavioral) health systems has broader applicability to other health and behavioral health issues faced by youth on probation that JJ staff may feel ill equipped to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Huang
- Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Sheena Gardner
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Kaitlin N Piper
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashley S Coleman
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | | | - Angela A Robertson
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
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Snehil G, Sagar R. Juvenile Justice System, Juvenile Mental Health, and the Role of MHPs: Challenges and Opportunities. Indian J Psychol Med 2020; 42:304-310. [PMID: 32612337 PMCID: PMC7320727 DOI: 10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_82_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile justice system (JJS) and the mental health of the juveniles involved in it are intricately related. Children in conflict with the law (CICL) and children in need of care and protection (CINCP) have a higher prevalence of mental health-and substance use related-problems, similarly, juveniles with mental health problems have a higher chance of coming in contact with JJS. Juvenile Justice Act, 2000 (JJ Act), with its latest amendment (2015), emphasizes the developmental well-being, including the psychological well-being of juveniles coming in contact with JJS and their social reintegration and rehabilitation. Mental health professionals (MHPs) can play a significant role in realizing this goal by contributing at all the levels: mental health promotion, preventing juveniles from coming in contact with JJS, treating juveniles in contact with JJS, and subsequent rehabilitation. Being well-versed in this area would also give a clinical and legal edge to the MHPs. Although JJ Act is a child-friendly law, its implementation in the real-world is faced with many practical challenges, which in turn limit or undermine the full legal, social, educational, and health benefits to the juveniles. The current viewpoint is aimed to highlight the important mental health aspects of juveniles involved with JJS with reference to the JJ Act (care and protection of children act, 2015) and the potential role that MHPs can play and discusses important challenges and road ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gupta Snehil
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry and National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Aalsma MC, Schwartz K, Haight KA, Jarjoura GR, Dir AL. Applying an Electronic Health Records Data Quality Framework Across Service Sectors: A Case Study of Juvenile Justice System Data. EGEMS (Wash DC) 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 31328133 DOI: 10.5334/egems.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Context Integrating electronic health records (EHR) with other sources of administrative data is key to identifying factors affecting the long-term health of traditionally underserved populations, such as individuals involved in the justice system. Linking existing administrative data from multiple sources overcomes many of the limitations of traditional prospective studies of population health, but the linking process assumes high levels of data quality and consistency within administrative data. Studies of EHR, unlike other types of administrative data, have provided guidance to evaluate the utility of big data for population health research. Case Description Here, an established EHR data quality framework was applied to identify and describe the potential shortcomings of administrative juvenile justice system data collected by one of four case management systems (CMSs) across 12 counties in a Midwest state. The CMS data were reviewed for logical inconsistencies and compared along the data quality dimensions of plausibility and completeness. Major Themes After applying the data quality framework, several patterns of logical inconsistencies within the data were identified. To resolve these inconsistencies, recommendations regarding data entry, review, and extraction are offered. Conclusion The recommendations related to achieving quality justice system data can be applied to future efforts to link administrative databases from multiple sources. Increasing trust in administrative data quality related to vulnerable populations ultimately improves knowledge of pressing public health concerns.
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Basto-Pereira M, Ribeiro S, Maia Â. Needs and Achievements of the Juvenile Justice System: Insights From Two Empirical Studies With Portuguese Young Adults. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2018; 62:1787-1805. [PMID: 28152636 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x17690450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, studies have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions for juvenile offenders; nonetheless, those studies were more focused on recidivism than on the mechanisms associated with criminal perpetration. The current study explores the role of juvenile justice involvement and detention measures in a set of psychological, social, and criminal behavior characteristics in early adulthood. Seventy-five young adults with official records of juvenile delinquency in 2010-2011 and 240 young adults from the community filled out our protocol in 2014-2015. Young adults with juvenile justice involvement showed worse psychological, social, and criminal outcomes than those from community. Detention appears to be related to the number of deviant friends, delinquency, and school achievement in early adulthood. Our findings are in line with the labeling and deviant peer contagion theories and establish the main areas of interventions that affect the identified needs. A set of policy implications is provided.
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Amani B, Milburn NG, Lopez S, Young-Brinn A, Castro L, Lee A, Bath E. Families and the Juvenile Justice System: Considerations for Family-Based Interventions. Fam Community Health 2018; 41:55-63. [PMID: 29135795 PMCID: PMC5726419 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We conducted focus groups with defense lawyers, clinicians, and education advocates to gather their perspectives on families' experiences with the juvenile justice system. Our quantitative descriptive analysis identified a range of themes such as discussions about the poor treatment of families as well as recommendations for a shifting of power to families. These perspectives may provide insights about the context in which families are expected to participate in interventions, meet probationary demands, and provide for their youth's well-being. The results support evidence gathered from families about the impact of youth incarceration on their lives and has implications for practitioners and researchers working with families whose youth have been incarcerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Amani
- College of Science and Health (Dr Amani), College of Medicine (Ms Young-Brinn), and College of Science and Health (Ms Castro), Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California; and UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute (Dr Bath) and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior (Drs Milburn and Lopez and Mr Lee), University of California, Los Angeles
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McKee EC, Rapp L. The current status of evidence-based practice in juvenile justice. J Evid Based Soc Work 2014; 11:308-317. [PMID: 25105325 DOI: 10.1080/10911359.2014.897099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The advent of evidence-based practice (EBP) has significantly changed the juvenile justice system while producing intense controversy. The intent of this article is to provide an update on the current status of EBP in the juvenile justice system. Specifically, this article will describe the evolution of juvenile justice philosophy as it has informed current juvenile justice policies and programs, discuss the scope of current juvenile justice research regarding EBP, identify barriers to implementing EBP, expound on the development of EBP in juvenile justice, discern the characteristics of evidence-based interventions in the juvenile justice system, and finally describe how to select and assess evidence-based practices and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Chao McKee
- a School of Social Work, University of South Florida , Tampa , Florida , USA
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van der Put CE. Youth Actuarial Risk Assessment Tool (Y-ARAT): The development of an actuarial risk assessment instrument for predicting general offense recidivism on the basis of police records. Assessment 2013; 21:340-51. [PMID: 23838639 DOI: 10.1177/1073191113495710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estimating the risk for recidivism is important for many areas of the criminal justice system. In the present study, the Youth Actuarial Risk Assessment Tool (Y-ARAT) was developed for juvenile offenders based solely on police records, with the aim to estimate the risk of general recidivism among large groups of juvenile offenders by police officers without clinical expertise. On the basis of the Y-ARAT, juvenile offenders are classified into five risk groups based on (combinations of) 10 variables including different types of incidents in which the juvenile was a suspect, total number of incidents in which the juvenile was a suspect, total number of other incidents, total number of incidents in which co-occupants at the youth's address were suspects, gender, and age at first incident. The Y-ARAT was developed on a sample of 2,501 juvenile offenders and validated on another sample of 2,499 juvenile offenders, showing moderate predictive accuracy (area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve = .73), with little variation between the construction and validation sample. The predictive accuracy of the Y-ARAT was considered sufficient to justify its use as a screening instrument for the police.
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Menaker TA, Franklin CA. Commercially sexually exploited girls and participant perceptions of blameworthiness: examining the effects of victimization history and race disclosure. J Interpers Violence 2013; 28:2024-2051. [PMID: 23300196 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512471078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostitution among female youth has been largely misunderstood, trivialized, or ignored. Increased attention has been directed toward juvenile female delinquency, particularly related to the overlap in their status as victims and offenders. Areas in this research continue to be underinvestigated, however, especially with regard to public perceptions of commercially sexually exploited girls. The current study used survey questionnaires to examine participant perceptions of the blameworthiness of a prostituted minor while considering her victimization history disclosure and race. Results indicate that victimization history disclosure significantly reduced perceptions of blameworthiness and reduced blameworthiness operated similarly for Caucasian and African American females forced into prostitution. Further research directions are discussed.
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Broaddus MR, Schmiege SJ, Bryan AD. An expanded model of the temporal stability of condom use intentions: gender-specific predictors among high-risk adolescents. Ann Behav Med 2011; 42:99-110. [PMID: 21347619 PMCID: PMC3140620 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-011-9266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents involved with the criminal justice system are at particularly high-risk for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus and sexually transmitted infections. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine gender-specific models of condom use, incorporating temporal stability of intentions. METHODS Adolescents on probation (N=728) were recruited to complete longitudinal surveys including measures of Theory of Planned Behavior and gender-specific constructs, relationship length, and condom use. RESULTS Gender-specific models of condom use behavior suggested by previous research were mostly replicated. For young women, the effect of baseline intentions on subsequent condom use behavior was stronger when intentions were either stable or increasing. For young men, more stable, increasing intentions were directly associated with more condom use. There was preliminary evidence to suggest an association between temporal stability of intentions and decreasing condom use in stable relationships. CONCLUSIONS Intervention efforts should be tailored by gender and aim to forestall decreasing intentions and condom use over time by addressing difficulties in maintaining condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Broaddus
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, 2071 N. Summit Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53212, USA.
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