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Du D, Chen X, Wu Y, Wu C, Qu Z, Song Y, Qin D, Li Q, Dong H. The Preparation of Acryloxyl Group Functionalized Siloxane Polymers and the Study of Their Ultra Violet Curing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:465. [PMID: 38399843 PMCID: PMC10893288 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysiloxane with multiple acryloxyl groups at the terminal site of the polymer chain was synthesized by the condensation reaction between hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane and acryloyl chloride and used to improve the cross-linking density of UV-curable silicone materials initiated from dual acryloxy-terminated symmetric polysiloxane or single acryloxy-terminated asymmetric polysiloxane with the mixture of Irgacure 1173 and Irgacure 184 at a mass ratio of 1:1 as the photoinitiator. The effects of factors such as initiator composition, UV irradiation time, structure, and molecular weight of linear dual acryloxy-terminated or single acryloxy-terminated asymmetric siloxane oligomers on the gelation yield, thermal properties, water absorption, and water contact angle of UV-cured film were investigated. The synthesized cross-linking density modifier can be copolymerized with acryloxy-functionalized linear polysiloxanes under the action of a photoinitiator to increase the cross-link density of UV-cured products effectively. Both linear dual acryloxy-terminated or single acryloxy-terminated asymmetric siloxane oligomers can be copolymerized with cross-link density modifiers within 20 s of UV irradiation. The gelation yields of the UV-cured products obtained from the dual acryloxy-terminated siloxane oligomers were greater than 85%, and their surface water contact angles increased from 72.8° to 95.9° as the molecular weight of the oligomers increased. The gelation yields of UV-cured products obtained from single acryloxy-terminated asymmetric siloxane oligomers were less than 80%, and their thermal stabilities were inferior to those obtained from the dual acryloxy-terminated siloxane oligomers. However, the water contact angles of UV-cured products obtained from these single acryloxy-terminated asymmetric siloxane oligomers were all greater than 90°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Xupeng Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Chuan Wu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zhirong Qu
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yanjiang Song
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dawei Qin
- Zhejiang Wynca Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311600, China;
| | - Qiao Li
- Zhejiang Kaihua Synthetic Material Co., Ltd., Affiliated to Zhejiang Wynca Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Quzhou 324300, China
| | - Hong Dong
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; (D.D.); (X.C.); (Y.W.); (C.W.); (Z.Q.); (Y.S.)
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2
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Albayrak Turgut B, Örtücü S. A new hydrophobin candidate from Cladosporium macrocarpum with super-hydrophobic surface. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1306-1312. [PMID: 37139745 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobins are amphipathic proteins with small molecular weights produced in filamentous fungi. These proteins are highly stable due to the disulfide bonds formed between the protected cysteine residues. They have great potential for usage in many different fields such as surface modifications, tissue engineering, and drug transport systems because hydrophobins are surfactants and soluble in harsh mediums. In this study, it was aimed to determine the hydrophobin proteins responsible for the hydrophobicity of the super-hydrophobic fungi isolates in the culture medium and to carry out the molecular characterization of the hydrophobin producer species. As a result of measuring surface hydrophobicity by determining the water contact angle, five different fungi with the highest hydrophobicity were classified as Cladosporium by classical and molecular (ITS and D1-D2 regions) methods. Also, protein extraction according to the recommended method for obtaining hydrophobins from spores of these Cladosporium species indicated that the isolates have similar protein profiles. Ultimately, the isolate named A5 with the highest water contact angle was identified as Cladosporium macrocarpum, and the 7 kDa band was appointed as a hydrophobin since it was the most abundant protein in protein extraction for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Albayrak Turgut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Serkan Örtücü
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Türkiye
- EcoTech Biotechnology, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, Türkiye
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3
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Langwald SV, Ehrmann A, Sabantina L. Measuring Physical Properties of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats for Different Biomedical Applications. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:488. [PMID: 37233549 PMCID: PMC10220787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber mats are nowadays often used for biotechnological and biomedical applications, such as wound healing or tissue engineering. While most studies concentrate on their chemical and biochemical properties, the physical properties are often measured without long explanations regarding the chosen methods. Here, we give an overview of typical measurements of topological features such as porosity, pore size, fiber diameter and orientation, hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties and water uptake, mechanical and electrical properties as well as water vapor and air permeability. Besides describing typically used methods with potential modifications, we suggest some low-cost methods as alternatives in cases where special equipment is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vanessa Langwald
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Andrea Ehrmann
- Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany;
| | - Lilia Sabantina
- Faculty of Clothing Technology and Garment Engineering, School of Culture + Design, HTW Berlin—University of Applied Sciences, 12459 Berlin, Germany
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Apsey H, Hill D, Barron AR, Alexander S. Slippery Alkoxysilane Coatings for Antifouling Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17353-17363. [PMID: 36951685 PMCID: PMC10080537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the wettability and antifouling behavior of a range of different siloxane coatings on plastic and glass substrates. The films investigated are prepared using trimethoxysilane precursors with different alkyl chain lengths (1-18 C atoms) in order to study how the nature of the hydrophobic group affects the different parameters used to characterize wettability (contact angles, sliding angles, and contact angle hysteresis). Atomic force microscopy analysis shows that the coatings possess low surface topography [root mean squared roughness (rms) < 50 nm] and are highly transparent as studied using UV-vis spectroscopy. The sliding properties of H2O, CH2I2, methanol, and ethylene glycol were observed to be strongly influenced by the chain length of the alkoxysilane precursor used. The coatings formed from the longer chain analogues show comparable water sliding angles to superhydrophobic surfaces. These coatings show similar performance to analogous alkoxysilane coating-bearing fluorinated groups, indicating that they could act as viable environmentally friendly alternatives to some of the fluorinated films that have been widely adopted. Furthermore, these surfaces are highly durable toward common forms of abrasion and are observed to show low adhesion toward synthetic feces, indicating that their utility extends further than repelling liquids alone. Consequently, these coatings could show promise for potential use in applications in the medical sector where fouling by biological mixtures leads to an unsustainable use of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Apsey
- Energy
Safety Research Institute (ESRI), School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Donald Hill
- Energy
Safety Research Institute (ESRI), School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Andrew R. Barron
- Energy
Safety Research Institute (ESRI), School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
- Arizona
Institute for Resilient Environments and Societies (AIRES), University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Faculty
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Darussalam BE1410, Brunei
| | - Shirin Alexander
- Energy
Safety Research Institute (ESRI), School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Swansea University Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
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Vu PT, Conroy JP, Yousefi AM. The Effect of Argon Plasma Surface Treatment on Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/Collagen-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7. [PMID: 36546918 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonunion bone fractures can impact the quality of life and represent a major economic burden. Scaffold-based tissue engineering has shown promise as an alternative to bone grafting. Achieving desirable bone reconstruction requires appropriate surface properties, together with optimizing the internal architecture of 3D scaffolds. This study presents the surface modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), collagen, and PLGA-collagen via an argon plasma treatment. Argon plasma can modify the surface chemistry and topography of biomaterials and improve in vivo integration. Solvent-cast films were prepared using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and characterized via differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle measurement, and critical surface tension analysis. For PLGA films, the water contact angle dropped from 70° to 42°, whereas the diiodomethane contact angle reduced from 53° to 32° after the plasma treatment. A set of PLGA-collagen formulations were loaded with nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance their osteoconductivity and hydrophilicity. Then, 3D scaffolds were fabricated using a 3D Bioplotter and characterized via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA) was used to compare the protein release from the untreated and plasma-treated scaffolds into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The plasma-treated scaffolds had a lower protein release, and the difference compared to the untreated scaffolds was statistically significant.
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Hossain MM, Lokasani VR. HYDROPHOBICITY IMPROVEMENTS OF POLYMERS USED IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS. Int Mech Eng Congress Expo 2022; 2022:V004T05A003. [PMID: 37223132 PMCID: PMC10205070 DOI: 10.1115/imece2022-95610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Improvement in hydrophobicity is important for polymers used in various applications such as biomedical applications, as it can delay their degradation due to long-term exposure to moisture environments. Although a number of surface modification techniques have been developed over the years to improve hydrophobicity, their specific influences on hydrophobicity enhancement as well as long-term mechanical and tribological performances are yet to be fully understood. In this study, surface textures, with variation in type and geometry, are introduced on Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) surfaces to study the effect of surface modification on hydrophobicity and long-term mechanical and tribological performances. Based on the theoretical study using Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models, surface textures of various types and dimension are introduced on UHMWPE and HDPE surfaces. The results show that introduction of surface textures significantly improves the hydrophobicity of polymers. Specific relationship between texture type and geometry, and improvement in hydrophobicity is explored. Based on the comparison between experimental results and theoretical models, transition state modeling seems to be more suitable in describing the change in hydrophobicity with the addition of surface texture. The study provides useful guidelines to improve hydrophobicity of polymers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Motaher Hossain
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX
| | - Vinay Reddy Lokasani
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX
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7
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Rutkunas V, Borusevicius R, Balciunas E, Jasinskyte U, Alksne M, Simoliunas E, Zlatev S, Ivanova V, Bukelskiene V, Mijiritsky E. The Effect of UV Treatment on Surface Contact Angle, Fibroblast Cytotoxicity, and Proliferation with Two Types of Zirconia-Based Ceramics. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11113. [PMID: 36078826 PMCID: PMC9518570 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191711113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UV photofunctionalization of Zirconia-based materials for abutment fabrication is a promising approach that might influence the formation of a sound peri-implant seal, thus promoting long-term soft and hard tissue implant integration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of UV treatment of test specimens made by two different ZnO2-based ceramic materials on the hydrophilicity, cell cytotoxicity, and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Two Zirconia-based materials, high-translucent and ultra-translucent multi-layered Zirconia (Katana, Kuraray Noritake, Japan), were used to prepare a total of 40 specimens distributed in two equally sized groups based on the material (n = 20). The same surface finishing protocol was applied for all specimens, as suggested by the manufacturer. Half the specimens from each group were treated with UV-C light for 48 h. Water contact angle (WCA), fibroblast cytotoxicity, and proliferation were investigated. The WCA values for the high-translucent Zirconia ranged from 69.9° ± 6.4° to 73.7° ± 13.9° for the treated/non-treated specimens and from 79.5° ± 12.8° to 83.4° ± 11.4° for the ultra-translucent multi-layered Zirconia, respectively. However, the difference was insignificant (F(16) = 3.50, p = 0.292). No significant difference was observed for the fibroblast cytotoxicity test. The results for proliferation revealed a significant difference, which was material-dependent (F(8) = 9.58, p = 0.005). We found that UV surface photofunctionalization of ZrO2-based materials alters the human gingival fibroblast cell viability, which might produce favourable results for cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vygandas Rutkunas
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rokas Borusevicius
- Institute of Odontology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Balciunas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Urte Jasinskyte
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Milda Alksne
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Egidijus Simoliunas
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Stefan Zlatev
- CAD/CAM Center of Dental Medicine at the Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasilena Ivanova
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Virginija Bukelskiene
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Eitan Mijiritsky
- Head and Neck Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 699350, Israel
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8
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Chi HY, Chang NY, Li C, Chan V, Hsieh JH, Tsai YH, Lin T. Fabrication of Gelatin Nanofibers by Electrospinning-Mixture of Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35808656 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin, one of the most abundant, naturally derived biomacromolecules from collagen, is widely applicable in food additives, cosmetic ingredients, drug formulation, and wound dressing based on their non-toxicity and biodegradability. In parallel, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a synthetic polymer, has been commonly applied as a thickening agent for coating processes in aqueous systems and a major component in healthcare products for cartilage replacements, eye lubrication, and contact lenses. In this study, a new type of mixed hydrogel nanofiber was fabricated from gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol by electrospinning under a feasible range of polymer compositions. To determine the optimal composition of gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol in nanofiber fabrication, several key physicochemical properties of mixed polymer solutions such as viscosity, surface tension, pH, and electrical conductance were thoroughly characterized by a viscometer, surface tensiometer, water analyzer, and carbon electron probe. Moreover, the molecular structures of polymeric chains within mixed hydrogel nanofibers were investigated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphologies and surface elemental compositions of the mixed hydrogel nanofibers were examined by the scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The measurement of water contact angles was performed for measuring the hydrophilicity of nanofiber surfaces. Most importantly, the potential cytotoxicity of the electrospun nanofibers was evaluated by the in vitro culture of 3T3 fibroblasts. Through our extensive study, it was found that a PVA-rich solution (a volumetric ratio of gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol <1) would be superior for the efficient production of mixed hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning techniques. This result is due to the appropriate balance between the higher viscosity (~420−~4300 10−2 poise) and slightly lower surface tension (~35.12−~32.68 mN/m2) of the mixed polymer solution. The regression on the viscosity data also found a good fit by the Lederer−Rougier’s model for a binary mixture. For the hydrophilicity of nanofibers, the numerical analysis estimates that the value of interfacial energy for the water contact on nanofibers is around ~−0.028 to ~−0.059 J/m2.
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Zhou P, Hu T, Xu Y, Li X, Shi W, Lin Y, Xu T, Wei B. Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Films with an Extremely Low Roll-Off Angle Modified by F 16CuPc via Two-Step Fabrication. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:953. [PMID: 35335766 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity is the phenomenon of which the water contact angle (WCA) of droplets on a solid surface is greater than 150°. In the present paper, we prepare a superhydrophobic film with a structure similar to the surface of a lotus leaf, which is composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), zinc oxide (ZnO), a molecular sieve (MS) and 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,11,15,16,17,18,22,23,24,25-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine copper(II) (F16CuPc). The F16CuPc was used as the modifier to reduce the surface energy of the biomimetic micro-nanostructure. With the introduction of F16CuPc, the superhydrophobic properties of the surface were enhanced so that the WCA and water roll-off angle could reach 167.1° and 0.5°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses verified that the enhanced superhydrophobic properties of the film were mainly attributed to the modification of F16CuPc. Finally, thermal, mechanical, and chemical stability studies, as well as the influences of UV and underwater immersion on the superhydrophobic film were investigated. This developed two-step fabrication method may be a potential direction for superhydrophobic surface fabrication due to its simple process, excellent superhydrophobic property, and favorable stability.
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Zhang J, Jia K, Huang Y, Liu X, Xu Q, Wang W, Zhang R, Liu B, Zheng L, Chen H, Gao P, Meng S, Lin L, Peng H, Liu Z. Intrinsic Wettability in Pristine Graphene. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2103620. [PMID: 34808008 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The wettability of graphene remains controversial owing to its high sensitivity to the surroundings, which is reflected by the wide range of reported water contact angle (WCA). Specifically, the surface contamination and underlying substrate would strongly alter the intrinsic wettability of graphene. Here, the intrinsic wettability of graphene is investigated by measuring WCA on suspended, superclean graphene membrane using environmental scanning electron microscope. An extremely low WCA with an average value ≈30° is observed, confirming the hydrophilic nature of pristine graphene. This high hydrophilicity originates from the charge transfer between graphene and water molecules through H-π interaction. The work provides a deep understanding of the water-graphene interaction and opens up a new way for measuring the surface properties of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincan Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Huang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhao Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Heng Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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11
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Sigwadi R, Mokrani T, Msomi P, Nemavhola F. The Effect of Sulfated Zirconia and Zirconium Phosphate Nanocomposite Membranes on Fuel-Cell Efficiency. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020263. [PMID: 35054671 PMCID: PMC8779290 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of acidic nanoparticles on proton conductivity, permeability, and fuel-cell performance, a commercial Nafion® 117 membrane was impregnated with zirconium phosphates (ZrP) and sulfated zirconium (S-ZrO2) nanoparticles. As they are more stable than other solid superacids, sulfated metal oxides have been the subject of intensive research. Meanwhile, hydrophilic, proton-conducting inorganic acids such as zirconium phosphate (ZrP) have been used to modify the Nafion® membrane due to their hydrophilic nature, proton-conducting material, very low toxicity, low cost, and stability in a hydrogen/oxygen atmosphere. A tensile test, water uptake, methanol crossover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to assess the capacity of nanocomposite membranes to function in a fuel cell. The modified Nafion® membrane had a higher water uptake and a lower water content angle than the commercial Nafion® 117 membrane, indicating that it has a greater impact on conductivity. Under strain rates of 40, 30, and 20 mm/min, the nanocomposite membranes demonstrated more stable thermal deterioration and higher mechanical strength, which offers tremendous promise for fuel-cell applications. When compared to 0.113 S/cm and 0.013 S/cm, respectively, of commercial Nafion® 117 and Nafion® ZrP membranes, the modified Nafion® membrane with ammonia sulphate acid had the highest proton conductivity of 7.891 S/cm. When tested using a direct single-cell methanol fuel cell, it also had the highest power density of 183 mW cm-2 which is better than commercial Nafion® 117 and Nafion® ZrP membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudzani Sigwadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-11-471-2354
| | - Touhami Mokrani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa;
| | - Phumlani Msomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa;
| | - Fulufhelo Nemavhola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa;
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12
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Polášková K, Klíma M, Jeníková Z, Blahová L, Zajíčková L. Effect of Low Molecular Weight Oxidized Materials and Nitrogen Groups on Adhesive Joints of Polypropylene Treated by a Cold Atmospheric Plasma Jet. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4396. [PMID: 34960945 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypropylene is a typical representative of synthetic polymers that, for many applications including adhesive joints, requires an increase in wettability and chemical surface reactivity. Plasma processing offers efficient methods for such surface modifications. A particular disadvantage of the plasma jets can be the small plasma area. Here, we present a cold atmospheric plasma radio-frequency slit jet developed with a width of 150 mm applied to polypropylene plasma treatment in Ar, Ar/O2 and Ar/N2 We identified two main parameters influencing the tensile strength of adhesive joints mediated by epoxy adhesive DP 190, nitrogen content, and the amount of low molecular weight oxidized materials (LMWOMs). Nitrogen functional groups promoted adhesion between epoxy adhesive DP 190 and the PP by taking part in the curing process. LMWOMs formed a weak boundary layer, inhibiting adhesion by inducing a cohesive failure of the joint. A trade off between these two parameters determined the optimized conditions at which the strength of the adhesive joint increased 4.5 times. Higher adhesion strength was previously observed when using a translational plasma gliding arc plasma jet with higher plasma gas temperatures, resulting in better cross linking of polymer chains caused by local PP melting.
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13
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Wang Q, Dumond JJ, Teo J, Low HY. Superhydrophobic Polymer Topography Design Assisted by Machine Learning Algorithms. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:30155-30164. [PMID: 34128635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have been largely achieved through various surface topographies. Both empirical and numerical simulations have been reported to help understand and design superhydrophobic surfaces. Many such successful surfaces have also been achieved using bioinspired and biomimetic designs. Despite this, identifying the right surface texture to meet the requirements of specific applications is not a straightforward task. Here, we report a hybrid approach that includes experimental methods, numerical simulations, and machine learning (ML) algorithms to create design maps for superhydrophobic polymer topographies. Two design objectives to investigate superhydrophobic properties were the maximum water contact angle (WCA) and Laplace pressure. The design parameters were the geometries of an isotropic pillar structure in micrometer and sub-micrometer length scales. The finite element method (FEM) was validated by the experimental data and employed to generate a labeled dataset for ML training. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were then trained on the labeled database for the topographic parameters (width W, height H, and pitch P) with the corresponding WCA and Laplace pressure. The ANN models yielded a series of nonlinear relationships between the topographic design parameters and the WCA and Laplace pressure and substantial differences between the micrometer and sub-micrometer length scales. Design maps that span the topography design parameters provide optimal design or tradeoff parameters. This research demonstrates the potential of ANN as a rapid design tool for surface topography exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Digital Manufacturing and Design Centre (DManD), Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Jarrett J Dumond
- NILT US Inc., 95 Brown Rd Ste 246, m/s 1024, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jarren Teo
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, West Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hong Yee Low
- Digital Manufacturing and Design (DManD), Engineering Product Development Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
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14
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Recek N, Holc M, Vesel A, Zaplotnik R, Gselman P, Mozetič M, Primc G. Germination of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seeds after a Short Treatment with a Powerful RF Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136672. [PMID: 34206400 PMCID: PMC8268350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), of the Etna variety, were treated with low-pressure oxygen plasma sustained by an inductively coupled radiofrequency discharge in the H-mode for a few seconds. The high-intensity treatment improved seed health in regard to fungal contamination. Additionally, it increased the wettability of the bean seeds by altering surface chemistry, as established by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and increasing surface roughness, as seen with a scanning electron microscope. The water contact angle at the seed surface dropped to immeasurably low values after a second of plasma treatment. Hydrophobic recovery within a month returned those values to no more than half of the original water contact angle, even for beans treated for the shortest time (0.5 s). Increased wettability resulted in accelerated water uptake. The treatment increased the bean radicle length, which is useful for seedling establishment in the field. These findings confirm that even a brief plasma treatment is a useful technique for the disinfection and stimulation of radicle growth. The technique is scalable to large systems due to the short treatment times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Recek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Matej Holc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Rok Zaplotnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Peter Gselman
- Interkorn Ltd., Gančani 94, 9231 Beltinci, Slovenia;
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gregor Primc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (A.V.); (R.Z.); (M.M.); (G.P.)
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15
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Parveen S, Rana S, Goswami P. Developing Super-Hydrophobic and Abrasion-Resistant Wool Fabrics Using Low-Pressure Hexafluoroethane Plasma Treatment. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14123228. [PMID: 34208035 PMCID: PMC8230622 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing interest in wool fibres as an eco-friendly and sustainable material for diverse industrial applications requires an enhancement of their functional performance. To address this, wool fabrics were treated in the present research with low-pressure hexafluoroethane (C2F6) plasma to impart superhydrophobicity and improve their abrasion resistance. Unscoured and scoured wool fabrics were treated with C2F6 while varying plasma power (80 W and 150 W), gas flow rate (12 sccm and 50 sccm) and treatment time (6 min and 20 min), and the effect of plasma parameters on the abrasion resistance, water contact angle and dyeing behaviour of the wool fabrics was studied. Martindale abrasion testing showed that the surface abrasion of the wool fabrics increased with the number of abrasion cycles, and the samples treated with 150 W, 20 min, 12 sccm showed superior abrasion resistance. The scoured wool fabrics showed a contact angle of ~124°, which was stable for only 4 min 40 s, whereas the plasma-treated samples showed a stable contact angle of over 150°, exhibiting a stable superhydrophobic behaviour. The C2F6 plasma treatment also significantly reduced the exhaustion of an acid dye by wool fabrics. The EDX study confirmed the deposition of fluorine-containing elements on the wool fabrics significantly altering their properties.
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16
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Scaffaro R, Maio A, Gulino EF, Alaimo G, Morreale M. Green Composites Based on PLA and Agricultural or Marine Waste Prepared by FDM. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1361. [PMID: 33919389 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional-printability of green composites is recently growing in importance and interest, especially in the view of feasibility to valorize agricultural and marine waste to attain green fillers capable of reducing bioplastic costs, without compromising their processability and performance from an environmental and mechanical standpoint. In this work, two lignocellulosic fillers, obtained from Opuntia ficus indica and Posidonia oceanica, were added to PLA and processed by FDM. Among the 3D printed biocomposites investigated, slight differences could be found in terms of PLA molecular weight and filler aspect ratio. It was shown that it is possible to replace up to 20% of bioplastic with low cost and ecofriendly natural fillers, without significantly modifying the processability and the mechanical performance of the neat matrix; at the same time, an increase of surface hydrophilicity was found, with possible positive influence on the biodegradability of such materials after disposal.
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17
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Bouchard F, Soldera M, Baumann R, Lasagni AF. Hierarchical Microtextures Embossed on PET from Laser-Patterned Stamps. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1756. [PMID: 33918342 PMCID: PMC8038280 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the demand for surface functionalized plastics is constantly rising. To address this demand with an industry compatible solution, here a strategy is developed for producing hierarchical microstructures on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by hot embossing using a stainless steel stamp. The master was structured using three laser-based processing steps. First, a nanosecond-Direct Laser Writing (DLW) system was used to pattern dimples with a depth of up to 8 µm. Next, the surface was smoothed by a remelting process with a high-speed laser scanning at low laser fluence. In the third step, Direct Laser Interference Patterning (DLIP) was utilized using four interfering sub-beams to texture a hole-like substructure with a spatial period of 3.1 µm and a depth up to 2 µm. The produced stamp was used to imprint PET foils under controlled temperature and pressure. Optical confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that the hierarchical textures could be accurately transferred to the polymer. Finally, the wettability of the single- and multi-scaled textured PET surfaces was characterized with a drop shape analyzer, revealing that the highest water contact angles were reached for the hierarchical patterns. Particularly, this angle was increased from 77° on the untreated PET up to 105° for a hierarchical structure processed with a DLW spot distance of 60 µm and with 10 pulses for the DLIP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bouchard
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Marcos Soldera
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.F.L.)
- PROBIEN-CONICET, Dto. de Electrotecnia, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, Neuquén 8300, Argentina
| | - Robert Baumann
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Andrés Fabián Lasagni
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.); (R.B.); (A.F.L.)
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik (IWS), Winterbergstraße 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Li H, Lin X, Wang H. Fabrication and Evaluation of Nano-TiO 2 Superhydrophobic Coating on Asphalt Pavement. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14010211. [PMID: 33406746 PMCID: PMC7795204 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to address water damage of asphalt pavement, reduce the occurrence of water-related potholes, deformation, and other diseases, and improve the performance and service life of the pavement, a nano-TiO2 superhydrophobic coating (PSC) on asphalt pavement was prepared from waterborne polyurethane and nano-TiO2 modified by stearic acid. FT-IR measured stearic acid successfully modified low surface energy substance on the surface of nano-TiO2. The SEM image shows that the PSC has a rough surface structure. The contact angle and rolling angle of the PSC in the contact angle test are 153.5° and 4.7°, respectively. PSC has a super-hydrophobic ability, which can improve the water stability of the asphalt mixture. Although the texture depth and pendulum value have been reduced by 2.5% and 4.4%, respectively, they all comply with the standard requirements. After the abrasion resistance test, the PSC coating still has a certain hydrophobic ability. These results surface PSC coating can effectively reduce water damage on asphalt pavement, and has considerable application value.
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19
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Primc G. Surface Modification of Polyamides by Gaseous Plasma-Review and Scientific Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12123020. [PMID: 33348676 PMCID: PMC7767179 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A review of the most significant scientific achievements in the field of surface modification of polyamides by non-equilibrium plasma treatments is presented. Most authors employed atmospheric pressure discharges and reported improved wettability. The super-hydrophilic surface finish was only achieved using a low-pressure plasma reactor and prolonged treatment time, enabling both the nanostructuring and functionalization with polar functional groups. The average increase of the oxygen concentration as probed by XPS was about 10 at%, while the changes in nitrogen concentrations were marginal in almost all cases. The final static water contact angle decreased with the increasing treatment time, and the oxygen concentration decreased with the increasing discharge power. The need for plasma characterization for the interpretation of experimental results is stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Primc
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Han YN, Wei M, Han F, Fang C, Wang D, Zhong YJ, Guo CL, Shi XY, Xie ZK, Li FM. Greater Biofilm Formation and Increased Biodegradation of Polyethylene Film by a Microbial Consortium of Arthrobacter sp. and Streptomyces sp. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121979. [PMID: 33322790 PMCID: PMC7764375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of polyethylene (PE) mulch films has led to a significant accumulation of plastic waste in agricultural soils. The biodegradation of plastic waste by microorganisms promises to provide a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly alternative for mitigating soil plastic pollution. A large number of microorganisms capable of degrading PE have been reported, but degradation may be further enhanced by the cooperative activity of multiple microbial species. Here, two novel strains of Arthrobacter sp. and Streptomyces sp. were isolated from agricultural soils and shown to grow with PE film as a sole carbon source. Arthrobacter sp. mainly grew in the suspension phase of the culture, and Streptomyces sp. formed substantial biofilms on the surface of the PE film, indicating that these strains were of different metabolic types and occupied different microenvironments with contrasting nutritional access. Individual strains were able to degrade the PE film to some extent in a 90-day inoculation experiment, as indicated by decreased hydrophobicity, increased carbonyl index and CO2 evolution, and the formation of biofilms on the film surface. However, a consortium of both strains had a much greater effect on these degradation properties. Together, these results provide new insights into the mechanisms of PE biodegradation by a microbial consortium composed of different types of microbes with possible metabolic complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Fang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Chao Fang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Yu-Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Chao-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Xiao-Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
| | - Zhong-Kui Xie
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 320 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.-N.H.); (M.W.); (F.H.); (D.W.); (Y.-J.Z.); (C.-L.G.); (X.-Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Kim JW, Yoo SH, Kong YB, Cho SO, Lee EJ. Hydrophilicity Improvement of Polymer Surfaces Induced by Simultaneous Nuclear Transmutation and Oxidation Effects Using High-Energy and Low-Fluence Helium Ion Beam Irradiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122770. [PMID: 33255322 PMCID: PMC7761050 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two commodity polymers, polystyrene (PS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE), were irradiated by high-energy He ion beams at low fluence to examine the wettability changes at different fluences. The water contact angles of the PS and HDPE surfaces were reduced from 78.3° to 46.7° and 81.5° to 58.5°, respectively, upon increasing the fluence from 0 to 1 × 1013 He2+/cm2 for irradiation durations ≤4 min. Surface analyses were performed to investigate these wettability changes. Surface texture evaluations via scanning electron and atomic force microscopies indicated non-remarkable changes by irradiation. However, the chemical structures of the irradiated polymer surfaces were notable. The high-energy He ions induced nuclear transmutation of C to N, leading to C–N bond formation in the polymer chains. Further, C–O and C=O bonds were formed during irradiation in air because of polymer oxidation. Finally, amide and ester groups were generated by irradiation. These polar groups improved hydrophilicity by increasing surface energies. Experiments with other polymers can further elucidate the correlation between polymer structure and surface wettability changes due to high-energy low-fluence He ion irradiation. This method can realize simple and effective utilization of commercial cyclotrons to tailor polymer surfaces without compromising surface texture and mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Seung Hwa Yoo
- Department of Quantum System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Young Bae Kong
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
| | - Sung Oh Cho
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Eun Je Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 29 Geumgu-gil, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Korea; (J.W.K.); (Y.B.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.Y.); (E.J.L.)
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22
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Yang K, Periyasamy AP, Venkataraman M, Militky J, Kremenakova D, Vecernik J, Pulíček R. Resistance against Penetration of Electromagnetic Radiation for Ultra-light Cu/Ni-Coated Polyester Fibrous Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2029. [PMID: 32899520 PMCID: PMC7564423 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance against penetration of various rays including electromagnetic waves (EM), infrared rays (IR), and ultraviolet rays (UV) has been realized by using copper (Cu)-coated fabrics. However, the corrosion of the Cu on coated fabrics influenced the shielding effectiveness of the various rays. Besides, the metal-coated fabrics have high density and are unbreathable. This work aims to solve the problem by incorporating nickel (Ni) into the Cu coating on the ultra-light polyester fibrous materials (Milife® composite nonwoven fabric-10 g/m2, abbreviation Milife) via electroless plating. The electromagnetic interference (EMI), IR test, ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), water contact angle, and air permeability of the Cu/Ni-coated Milife fabric were measured. All the samples were assumed as ultra-light and breathable by obtaining the similar fabric density (~10.57 g/m2) and large air permeability (600-1050 mm/s). The Cu/Ni deposition on the Milife fabrics only covered the fibers. The EM shielding effectiveness (SE) decreased from 26 to 20 dB, the IR reflectance (Rinfrared) decreased from 0.570 to 0.473 with increasing wNi from 0 to 19.5 wt %, while the wNi improved the UPF from 9 to 48. Besides, addition of Ni changed the Cu/Ni-coated Milife fabric from hydrophilicity to the hydrophobicity by observing WCA from 77.7° to 114°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.P.P.); (M.V.); (J.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Aravin Prince Periyasamy
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.P.P.); (M.V.); (J.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Mohanapriya Venkataraman
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.P.P.); (M.V.); (J.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Jiri Militky
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.P.P.); (M.V.); (J.M.); (D.K.)
| | - Dana Kremenakova
- Department of Material Engineering, Faculty of Textile Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic; (A.P.P.); (M.V.); (J.M.); (D.K.)
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23
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Abstract
Hydrophobin proteins were extracted from Agrocybe cylindracea mycelia, the culture media (potato dextrose broth, PDB), and fruiting bodies. The putative hydrophobins obtained showed approximate sizes ranging from 8.0 to 25.0 kDa, dependent on their source. Multiple hydrophobin protein bands were detected in fruiting bodies. The hydrophobin yielded from aerial mycelia, or fruiting bodies, was approximately 6 mg/g dried weight. The crude extracts were examined for their properties in regards to surface modification, emulsification, and surface activity. Coating of hydrophobic Teflon sheet with crude extract made the surface significantly hydrophilic, whereas exposure of glass surfaces to extracts resulted in enhanced hydrophobicity. Crude extracts from culture media of A. cylindracea displayed emulsifying activity when mixed with hexane and could significantly reduce the surface tension of 60% ethanol and deionised water. The putative hydrophobin protein band from culture media (9.6 kDa), as analysed using LC-MS/MS, contained an amino acid fragment structurally similar to class I hydrophobin proteins from Basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetsada Pothiratana
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wasapon Fuangsawat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Churapa Teerapatsakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, NRU-KU, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surachai Thachepan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Kamnoetvidya Science Academy, Rayong, Thailand
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24
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Alfieri ML, Panzella L, Arntz Y, Napolitano A, Ball V, d’Ischia M. A Clean and Tunable Mussel-Inspired Coating Technology by Enzymatic Deposition of Pseudo-Polydopamine (ψ-PDA) Thin Films from Tyramine. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4873. [PMID: 32664213 PMCID: PMC7402308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyramine, leading to the deposition of pseudo-polydopamine (ψ-PDA) thin films, is disclosed herein as a superior technology for surface functionalization and coating at a neutral pH and at a low substrate concentration, compared to the standard autoxidative PDA coating protocols. Smooth ψ-PDA thin films of variable thickness up to 87 nm were obtained from 1 mM tyramine by varying tyrosinase concentrations (5-100 U/mL). Compared to the PDA films obtained by the similar enzymatic oxidation of 1 mM dopamine with tyrosinase (T-PDA), ψ-PDA displayed slower deposition kinetics, lower water contact angles in the range of 11°-28°, denoting higher hydrophilicity but similar UV-vis absorption profiles, as well as electrochemical properties and antioxidant activity. MALDI-MS analysis indicated for ψ-PDA a well defined pattern of peaks compatible with dopamine tetrameric structures degraded to a variable extent. The exposure to a tyramine solution of tyrosinase-loaded alginate spheres, or films deposited on glass or polyethylene, resulted in a rapid gel-confined ψ-PDA formation with no leakage or darkening of the solution, allowing the complete recovery and re-utilization of the unreacted tyramine. In contrast, an abundant PDA precipitation outside the gel was observed with dopamine under the same conditions. The ψ-PDA deposition by tyrosinase-catalyzed tyramine oxidation is thus proposed as a controllable and low-waste technology for selective surface functionalization and coating or for clean eumelanin particle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Alfieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.A.); (L.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.A.); (L.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Youri Arntz
- Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, CEDEX, France
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.A.); (L.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Vincent Ball
- Faculté de Chirurgie dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, 8 rue Sainte Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1121, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, CEDEX, France
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.L.A.); (L.P.); (A.N.)
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25
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Claros M, Setka M, Jimenez YP, Vallejos S. AACVD Synthesis and Characterization of Iron and Copper Oxides Modified ZnO Structured Films. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E471. [PMID: 32150985 PMCID: PMC7153246 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-modified (ZnO) and modified (Fe2O3@ZnO and CuO@ZnO) structured films are deposited via aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. The surface modification of ZnO with iron or copper oxides is achieved in a second aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition step and the characterization of morphology, structure, and surface of these new structured films is discussed. X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and X-ray diffraction corroborate the formation of ZnO, Fe2O3, and CuO and the electron microscopy images show the morphological and crystalline characteristics of these structured films. Static water contact angle measurements for these structured films indicate hydrophobic behavior with the modified structures showing higher contact angles compared to the non-modified films. Overall, results show that the modification of ZnO with iron or copper oxides enhances the hydrophobic behavior of the surface, increasing the contact angle of the water drops at the non-modified ZnO structures from 122 to 135 and 145 for Fe2O3@ZnO and CuO@ZnO, respectively. This is attributed to the different surface properties of the films including the morphology and chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Claros
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Milena Setka
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Yecid P. Jimenez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, 1270300 Antofagasta, Chile;
| | - Stella Vallejos
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (S.V.)
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Zhao B, Mattelaer F, Rampelberg G, Dendooven J, Detavernier C. Thermal and Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Yttrium Oxide Films and the Properties of Water Wettability. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:3179-3187. [PMID: 31860795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) is investigated using the liquid precursor Y(EtCp)2(iPr-amd) as the yttrium source with thermal (H2O) and plasma-enhanced (H2O plasma and O2 plasma) processes, respectively. Saturation is confirmed for the growth of the Y2O3 films with each investigated reactant with a similar ALD window from 150 to 300 °C, albeit with a different growth rate. All of the as-deposited Y2O3 films are pure and smooth and have a polycrystalline cubic structure. The as-deposited Y2O3 films are hydrophobic with water contact angles >90°. The water contact angle gradually increased and the surface free energy gradually decreased as the film thickness increased, reaching a saturated value at a Y2O3 film thickness of ∼20 nm. The hydrophobicity was retained during post-ALD annealed at 500 °C in static air for 2 h. Exposure to polar and nonpolar solvents influences the Y2O3 water contact angle. The reported ALD process for Y2O3 films may find potential applications in the field of hydrophobic coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Felix Mattelaer
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Geert Rampelberg
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jolien Dendooven
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
| | - Christophe Detavernier
- Department of Solid State Sciences , Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S12 , 9000 Ghent , Belgium
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27
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Eseev M, Goshev A, Kapustin S, Tsykareva Y. Creation of Superhydrophobic Coatings Based on MWCNTs Xerogel. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1584. [PMID: 31717372 PMCID: PMC6915549 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The creation of hydrophobic anti-icing and self-cleaning coatings is a relevant task for many industrial sectors. The potential field of application includes production of liquid and gas separators and filters, the field of textiles and clothing, construction and new materials, optical and microelectronic devices, the field of automobile construction and maritime shipping as well as energy and agriculture. The article suggests a new approach to the creation of superhydrophobic anti-icing coatings, by drawing peeled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to the sample surface. This method allows you to combine the necessary factors: Low surface energy, micro-nano-roughness and hierarchical multi-scale. The authors investigated the dependence of the wetting angle of such a surface on the model of MWCNT, fractional composition and the polarity of the dissolvent. The suggested approach can be used to create superhydrophobic coatings with the additional function of removing static charge and heating the surface, which can be used in the field of energetics for protection against freezing of wind turbine blades and aircraft surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat Eseev
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Northern Arctic Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Severnaya Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.K.); (Y.T.)
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28
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Luís Â, Domingues F, Ramos A. Production of Hydrophobic Zein-Based Films Bioinspired by The Lotus Leaf Surface: Characterization and Bioactive Properties. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7080267. [PMID: 31426406 PMCID: PMC6723050 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic zein-based functional films incorporating licorice essential oil were successfully developed as new alternative materials for food packaging. The lotus-leaf negative template was obtained using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The complex surface patterns of the lotus leaves were transferred onto the surface of the zein-based films with high fidelity (positive replica), which validates the proposed proof-of-concept. The films were prepared by casting method and fully characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The grammage, thickness, contact angle, mechanical, optical and barrier properties of the films were measured, together with the evaluation of their biodegradability, antioxidant and antibacterial activities against common foodborne pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes). The zein-based films with the incorporation of licorice essential oil presented the typical rugosities of the lotus leaf making the surfaces very hydrophobic (water contact angle of 112.50°). In addition to having antioxidant and antibacterial properties, the films also shown to be biodegradable, making them a strong alternative to the traditional plastics used in food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Domingues
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Ramos
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
- Materiais Fibrosos e Tecnologias Ambientais (FibEnTech), Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal.
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29
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Li X, Li N, Chen K, Nagasawa S, Yoshizawa M, Kagami H. Around 90° Contact Angle of Dish Surface Is a Key Factor in Achieving Spontaneous Spheroid Formation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2019; 24:578-584. [PMID: 30234440 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the discovery of the primary culture of neural stem cells, the spheroid culture has been recognized as one of the selective culture methods for somatic stem cells. Since then, various methods were reported to generate spheroids, which can enrich the potent stem cell population. However, the fundamental factors affecting spheroid formation remain unclear. In this study, we focused on the surface property of the culture dishes, in particular, hydrophobicity. Primary mouse skin culture cells were prepared with conventional two-dimensional culture, and then, the cells were transferred to culture dishes with varying hydrophobicity, which was confirmed with the water contact angles. Of these, a culture dish possessing an almost 90° water contact angle was the only one that successfully exhibited spheroid formation. The spheroid formation was spontaneous, efficient, and stable. Since this outcome was achieved with a conventional culture medium with serum, but without any additives such as epidermal growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and B27, the spheroid formation from this process was not affected by serum and was also not dependent on additives. The results from immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction testing showed the expression of embryonic stem cell markers such as SSEA-1, SOX2, OCT4, and Nanog, which confirmed that the spheroids with this method are comparable to those from other methods. This outcome was reproducible and could be applied not only to skin-derived cells but also to oral mucosa-derived cells, cortical bone-derived cells, and 3T3 cells, also suggesting the generality and robustness of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqi Li
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,2 Institute of Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,3 Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Ni Li
- 3 Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kai Chen
- 3 Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Sakae Nagasawa
- 4 Department of Dental Material Science, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshizawa
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,3 Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kagami
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,2 Institute of Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,3 Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University , Shiojiri, Japan .,5 Department of General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Materials with switchable surfaces, capable of changing surface properties under external stimuli, are playing a pivotal role in many applications, such as tissue engineering, biosensors, and drug/protein delivery. In this research silica particles with patterned and switchable surfaces are fabricated. Surface micelles on silica particles are formed by coassembly of polymer brushes and "free" block copolymer chains in a selective solvent. The cores of the surface micelles are crosslinked by anthracene photodimerization. After quaternization of the coronae, amphiphilic surface micelles are prepared. The surface micelles are able to rearrange in different media. After treatment with an organic solvent, the surfaces of silica particles are occupied by hydrophobic polymer components; in aqueous solution, the positively charged polymer chains are on the surfaces. The switching of the surface micelles results in changes in surface composition and wetting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center, of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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31
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Nebe JB, Rebl H, Schlosser M, Staehlke S, Gruening M, Weltmann KD, Walschus U, Finke B. Plasma Polymerized Allylamine-The Unique Cell-Attractive Nanolayer for Dental Implant Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11061004. [PMID: 31195717 PMCID: PMC6631006 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials should be bioactive in stimulating the surrounding tissue to accelerate the ingrowth of permanent implants. Chemical and topographical features of the biomaterial surface affect cell physiology at the interface. A frequently asked question is whether the chemistry or the topography dominates the cell-material interaction. Recently, we demonstrated that a plasma-chemical modification using allylamine as a precursor was able to boost not only cell attachment and cell migration, but also intracellular signaling in vital cells. This microwave plasma process generated a homogenous nanolayer with randomly distributed, positively charged amino groups. In contrast, the surface of the human osteoblast is negatively charged at −15 mV due to its hyaluronan coat. As a consequence, we assumed that positive charges at the material surface—provoking electrostatic interaction forces—are attractive for the first cell encounter. This plasma-chemical nanocoating can be used for several biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implantology like titanium, titanium alloys, calcium phosphate scaffolds, and polylactide fiber meshes produced by electrospinning. In this regard, we wanted to ascertain whether plasma polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) is also suitable for increasing the attractiveness of a ceramic surface for dental implants using Yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Department Life, Light & Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Michael Schlosser
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Uwe Walschus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Birgit Finke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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32
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Yu L, Kang Y, Tang H, Zhou J. Functionalization of Commercial Sand Core Funnels as Hydrophobic Materials with Novel Physicochemical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:7510-7521. [PMID: 30676717 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A solid surface morphology is of great importance for the fundamental research in the field of hydrophobic materials. Commercial sand core funnels (SCs) are embedded with multilevel pore size and surface roughness, which are excellent models to study the mechanism of surface wettability. This article described a simple, green, and facile method to fabricate hydrophobic surfaces on SCs via reacting with perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (PFTS) vapor. Systematic analyses on the reaction, properties, and applications of the PFTS-modified SCs were conducted, which involved the reaction time and temperature, water resistance, mechanical durability, self-cleaning test, surface adhesion, and underoil superhydrophobicity. The water contact angle of the modified SCs increased with a decrease of the pore size and an increase of the surface roughness of the sand core particles. The wettability of the modified SCs agrees well with the intermediate states between Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter. The PFTS-modified SCs retained excellent chemical stability in rigid conditions and good mechanical properties. The hydrophobic SCs showed oil/water separation performance with excellent efficiency, reusability, and high flux. Especially for the PFTS-modified SCs with small pore sizes, water-in-oil emulsion separation was successfully realized. The easily accessible, relatively cheap raw materials and facile process in this work are very desirable to obtain a specific wetting surface, which will offer promising applications in various fields.
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33
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Xie Y, Cai S, Hou Z, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yang W. Surface Hydrophobic Modification of Microcrystalline Cellulose by Poly(methylhydro)siloxane Using Response Surface Methodology. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1335. [PMID: 30961259 PMCID: PMC6401730 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(methylhydro)siloxane (PMHS) and n-hexane were used as modifiers and solvents, respectively, to prepare surface modification of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The response surface methodology was used to optimize the effects of reaction conditions on hydrophobicity of MCC. The optimal reaction conditions were determined as follows: the concentration of PMHS was 0.0275% (the mass ratio of PMHS to MCC), the reaction time was 20 min, and the drying temperature was 70 °C. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the water contact angle of modified MCC was 141.5°. It is feasible to optimize and select the reaction conditions of modified MCC by Design-Expert, and the predicted value of the mathematical model is in good agreement with the experimental value. Surface chemical characteristics were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These analyses confirmed that the PMHS chains were attached to MCC. Due to the introduction of a large amount of methyl groups, the reaction between MCC and PMHS leads to an improvement in its hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xie
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Siquan Cai
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhen Hou
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wenbin Yang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Gavriil V, Chatzichristidi M, Kollia Z, Cefalas AC, Spyropoulos-Antonakakis N, Semashko VV, Sarantopoulou E. Photons Probe Entropic Potential Variation during Molecular Confinement in Nanocavities. Entropy (Basel) 2018; 20:E545. [PMID: 33265634 DOI: 10.3390/e20080545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In thin polymeric layers, external molecular analytes may well be confined within tiny surface nano/microcavities, or they may be attached to ligand adhesion binding sites via electrical dipole forces. Even though molecular trapping is followed by a variation of the entropic potential, the experimental evidence of entropic energy variation from molecular confinement is scarce because tiny thermodynamic energy density diverseness can be tracked only by sub-nm surface strain. Here, it is shown that water confinement within photon-induced nanocavities in Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), (PHEMA) layers could be trailed by an entropic potential variation that competes with a thermodynamic potential from electric dipole attachment of molecular adsorbates in polymeric ligands. The nano/microcavities and the ligands were fabricated on a PHEMA matrix by vacuum ultraviolet laser photons at 157 nm. The entropic energy variation during confinement of water analytes on the photon processed PHEMA layer was monitored via sub-nm surface strain by applying white light reflectance spectroscopy, nanoindentation, contact angle measurements, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging, and surface and fractal analysis. The methodology has the potency to identify entropic energy density variations less than 1 pJm−3 and to monitor dipole and entropic fields on biosurfaces.
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Li TT, Yan M, Jiang Q, Peng HK, Lin JH, Lou CW. Characterization and Microstructure of Linear Electrode-Electrospun Graphene-Filled Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Films. Materials (Basel) 2018; 11:ma11061033. [PMID: 29921778 PMCID: PMC6025312 DOI: 10.3390/ma11061033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of achieving controllable mass production of electrospun nanofiber films, this study proposes and investigates the feasibility of using a custom-made linear electrode- electrospun device to produce conductive graphene (GR)-filled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers. The film morphology and diameter of nanofibers are observed and measured to examine the effects of viscosity and conductivity of the PVA/GR mixtures. Likewise, the influence of the content of graphene on the hydrophilicity, electrical conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMSE), and thermal stability of the PVA/GR nanofiber films is investigated. The test results show that the PVA/GR mixture has greater viscosity and electric conductivity than pure PVA solution and can be electrospun into PVA/GR nanofiber films that have good morphology and diameter distribution. The diameter of the nanofibers is 100 nm and the yield is 2.24 g/h, suggesting that the process qualifies for use in large-scale production. Increasing the content of graphene yields finer nanofibers, a smaller surface contact angle, and higher hydrophilicity of the nanofiber films. The presence of graphene is proven to improve the thermal stability and strengthens the EMSE by 20 dB at 150–1500 MHz. Mass production is proven to be feasible by the test results showing that PVA/GR nanofiber films can be used in the medical hygiene field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Mengxue Yan
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Qian Jiang
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Hao-Kai Peng
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Jia-Horng Lin
- Innovation Platform of Intelligent and Energy-Saving Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Laboratory of Fiber Application and Manufacturing, Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
- Department of Fashion Design, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
| | - Ching-Wen Lou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Novel Functional Fibers and Materials, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
- College of Textile and Clothing, Qingdao University, Shandong 266071, China.
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Liu J, Li J, Liu X, Li F, Tu G. Amphiphilic Diblock Fullerene Derivatives as Cathode Interfacial Layers for Organic Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:2649-2657. [PMID: 29297221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new amphiphilic diblock fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyricacid-4-(9,9,9',9'-tetrakis(3-bromopropyl)-9H,9'H-[2,2'-bifluoren]-7-yl)phenol-(N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium) bromide (C60-4TPB) was synthesized and applied in organic solar cells. Solvent annealing by toluene could obviously induce the self-assembly of the C60-4TPB layer, which can be tested by the measurements of the water contact angle. After the treatment with toluene, a vertical-like arrangement in the ultrathin layer of the C60-4TPB molecule will be formed between electron-collecting zinc oxide (ZnO) layers and the active layer (blend system of PTB7:PC71BM), leading to the improvement of the interfacial compatibility between the active layer and the ZnO layer. On the top surface of the C60-4TPB layer, the C60 molecules can be expected to induce the enrichment of PC71BM and block the hole, resulting in further increase in the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). After spin-coating the C60-4TPB solutions onto the ZnO layer with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in dimethyl sulfoxide, obviously improved performances were obtained with a power conversion efficiency of 8.07%, which can be attributed to the optimized interface morphology between hydrophilic ZnO and hydrophobic PTB7:PC71BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Junli Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfu Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fu Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guoli Tu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
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Jiang S, Ladewig BP. High Ion-Exchange Capacity Semihomogeneous Cation Exchange Membranes Prepared via a Novel Polymerization and Sulfonation Approach in Porous Polypropylene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:38612-38620. [PMID: 29028302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Semihomogeneous cation exchange membranes with superior ion exchange capacity (IEC) were synthesized via a novel polymerization and sulfonation approach in porous polypropylene support. The IEC of membranes could reach up to 3 mmol/g because of high mass ratio of functional polymer to membrane support. Especially, theoretical IEC threshold value agreed well with experimental threshold value, indicating that IEC could be specifically designed without carrying out extensive experiments. Also, sulfonate groups were distributed both on membrane surface and across the membranes, which corresponded well with high IEC of the synthesized membranes. In addition, the semifinished membrane showed hydrophobic property because of the formation of polystyrene. In contrast, the final membranes demonstrated super hydrophilic property, indicating the adequate sulfonation of polystyrene. Furthermore, when sulfonation reaction time increased, the conductivity of membranes also showed a tendency to increase, revealing the positive relationship between conductivity and IEC. Finally, the final membranes showed sufficient thermal stability for electrodialysis applications such as water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanxue Jiang
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley P Ladewig
- Barrer Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London , South Kensington, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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38
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Khan SB, Wu H, Xie Z, Wang W, Zhang Z. Al 2O 3 Encapsulated Teflon Nanostructures with High Thermal Stability and Efficient Antireflective Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:36327-36337. [PMID: 28956908 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scientific advancement is highly inspired and imitative of natural phenomenon's, which exhibits extremely developed and well-organized nanostructures to cope with challenges under different environmental circumstances, such as moth eyes protuberances for efficient antireflective (AR) performance. Innovative researches have been performed in the past to exterminate the undesirable reflectance in common optical components and optoelectronic industrial applications by biomimetic and replicating moth eye nanostructures creating gradient effect using metal oxides, composites, or polymers in multilayer AR coatings. However, in few multilayer AR designs, the properties mismatch at interfaces, high cost, low mechanical durability, wetting issues, or thermal stability bounds their practical applicability. Herein, we develop an approach for fabricating efficient, high-performance Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]) AR nanostructures for glass-based supporting materials. Nanotailoring, the morphology and structure of PTFE, have been efficaciously carried out for fabricating high-performance AR coatings according to predicted optical simulation. The total reflectance from polymer AR coating lessens to <0.05% in a visible wavelength range which according to our best knowledge seems to be the superior AR performance by a polymer coating ever reported. Furthermore, the fabricated polymer AR coatings are omnidirectional, mechanically durable, and thermally stable up to 200 °C. Moreover, we modify and tune the refractive index of PTFE from 1.34 to 1.156 by inducing porosity and changing deposition angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Bashir Khan
- The State Key Laboratory for New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China , 100084
| | - Hui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China , 100084
| | - Zheng Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for New Ceramics & Fine Processing, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China , 100084
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an , Xi'an 710025, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Department of Material science and nano engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zhengjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China , 100084
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Lundy R, Byrne C, Bogan J, Nolan K, Collins MN, Dalton E, Enright R. Exploring the Role of Adsorption and Surface State on the Hydrophobicity of Rare Earth Oxides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:13751-13760. [PMID: 28383896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth oxides (REOs) are attracting attention for use as cost-effective, high-performance dropwise condensers because of their favorable thermal properties and robust nature. However, to engineer a suitable surface for industrial applications, the mechanism governing wetting must be first fully elucidated. Recent studies exploring the water-wetting state of REOs have suggested that these oxides are intrinsically hydrophobic owing to the unique electronic structure of the lanthanide series. These claims have been countered with evidence that they are inherently hydrophilic and that adsorption of contaminants from the environment is responsible for the apparent hydrophobic nature of these surfaces. Here, using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and dynamic water contact angle measurements, we provide further evidence to show that REOs are intrinsically hydrophilic, with ceria demonstrating advancing water contact angles of ≈6° in a clean surface state and similar surface energies to two transition metal oxides (≳72 mJ/m2). Using two model volatile species, it is shown that an adsorption mechanism is responsible for the apparent hydrophobic property observed in REOs as well as in transition metal oxides and silica. This is correlated with the screening of the polar surface energy contribution of the underlying oxide with apparent surface energies reduced to <40 mJ/m2 for the case of nonane adsorption. Moreover, we show that the degree of surface hydroxylation plays an important role in the observed contact angle hysteresis with the receding contact angle of ceria increasing from ∼10° to 45° following thermal annealing in an inert atmosphere. Our findings suggest that high atomic number metal oxides capable of strongly adsorbing volatile species may represent a viable paradigm toward realizing robust surface coating for industrial condensers if certain challenges can be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Lundy
- Thermal Management Research Group, Efficient Energy Transfer (ηET) Department, Bell Labs Ireland, Nokia , Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Rd, Dublin 15, Ireland
- Stokes Laboratories, University of Limerick , County Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Conor Byrne
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Justin Bogan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University , Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Kevin Nolan
- Thermal Management Research Group, Efficient Energy Transfer (ηET) Department, Bell Labs Ireland, Nokia , Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Rd, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Laboratories, University of Limerick , County Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Eric Dalton
- Stokes Laboratories, University of Limerick , County Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Ryan Enright
- Thermal Management Research Group, Efficient Energy Transfer (ηET) Department, Bell Labs Ireland, Nokia , Blanchardstown Business & Technology Park, Snugborough Rd, Dublin 15, Ireland
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Mörke C, Rebl H, Finke B, Dubs M, Nestler P, Airoudj A, Roucoules V, Schnabelrauch M, Körtge A, Anselme K, Helm CA, Nebe JB. Abrogated Cell Contact Guidance on Amino-Functionalized Microgrooves. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:10461-10471. [PMID: 28296389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b16430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Topographical and chemical features of biomaterial surfaces affect the cell physiology at the interface and are promising tools for the improvement of implants. The dominance of the surface topography on cell behavior is often accentuated. Striated surfaces induce an alignment of cells and their intracellular adhesion-mediated components. Recently, it could be demonstrated that a chemical modification via plasma polymerized allylamine was not only able to boost osteoblast cell adhesion and spreading but also override the cell alignment on stochastically machined titanium. In order to discern what kind of chemical surface modifications let the cell forget the underlying surface structure, we used an approach on geometric microgrooves produced by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE). In this study, we systematically investigated the surface modification by (i) methyl-, carboxyl-, and amino functionalization created via plasma polymerization processes, (ii) coating with the extracellular matrix protein collagen-I or immobilization of the integrin adhesion peptide sequence Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), and (iii) treatment with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet operating with argon/oxygen gas (Ar/O2). Interestingly, only the amino functionalization, which presented positive charges at the surface, was able to chemically disguise the microgrooves and therefore to interrupt the microtopography induced contact guidance of the osteoblastic cells MG-63. However, the RGD peptide coating revealed enhanced cell spreading as well, with fine, actin-containing protrusions. The Ar/O2-functionalization demonstrated the best topography handling, e.g. cells closely attached even to features such as the sidewalls of the groove steps. In the end, the amino functionalization is unique in abrogating the cell contact guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mörke
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock , Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock , Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Finke
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Dubs
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e. V. , Pruessingstrasse 27B, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 6, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Aissam Airoudj
- Institute of Materials Sciences of Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR7361, 15 rue jean starcky, BP2488, 68057 Mulhouse cedex, France
| | - Vincent Roucoules
- Institute of Materials Sciences of Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR7361, 15 rue jean starcky, BP2488, 68057 Mulhouse cedex, France
| | | | - Andreas Körtge
- Institute of Electronic Appliances and Circuits, University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 2, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karine Anselme
- Institute of Materials Sciences of Mulhouse (IS2M), CNRS UMR7361, 15 rue jean starcky, BP2488, 68057 Mulhouse cedex, France
| | - Christiane A Helm
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 6, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Rostock , Schillingallee 69, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
Crystal violet (CV) was incorporated into acrylic latex to produce white-light-activated antimicrobial paint (WLAAP). Measurement of the water contact angle of the WLAAP showed that the water contact angle increased with increasing CV concentration. In a leaching test over 120 h, the amount of CV that leached from the WLAAPs was close to the detection limit (<0.03%). The WLAAPs were used to coat samples of polyurethane, and these showed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli, which is a key causative agent of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). A reduction in the numbers of viable bacteria was observed on the painted coated polyurethane after 6 h in the dark, and the bactericidal activity increased with increasing CV concentration (P < 0.1). After 6 h of white light exposure, all of coated polyurethanes demonstrated a potent photobactericidal activity, and it was statistically confirmed that the WLAAP showed better activity in white light than in the dark (P < 0.05). At the highest CV concentration, the numbers of viable bacteria fell below the detection limit (<10(3) CFU/mL) after 6 h of white light exposure. The difference in antimicrobial activity between the materials in the light and dark was 0.48 log at CV 250 ppm, and it increased by 0.43 log at each increment of CV 250 ppm. The difference was the highest (>1.8 log) at the highest CV concentration (1000 ppm). These WLAAPs are promising candidates for use in healthcare facilities to reduce HAIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Byoung Hwang
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London , 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London , 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Yang YS, Cho TP. Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Water Contact Angle of PVD Hard Coatings. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:3373-86. [PMID: 28811440 DOI: 10.3390/ma6083373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various PVD (physical vapor deposition) hard coatings including nitrides and metal-doped diamond-like carbons (Me-DLC) were applied in plastic injection and die-casting molds to improve wear resistance and reduce sticking. In this study, nitrides hcp-AlN (hexagonal close-packed AlN), Cr₂N, (CrAl)₂N) and Me-DLC (Si-DLC and Cr-DLC) coatings were prepared using a closed field unbalanced magnetron reactive sputtering system. The coatings were annealed in air for 2 h at various temperatures, after which the anti-sticking properties were assessed using water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The as-deposited hcp-AlN, Cr₂N and (CrAl)₂N coatings exhibit hydrophobic behavior and exhibit respective WCAs of 119°, 106° and 101°. The as-deposited Si-DLC and Cr-DLC coatings exhibit hydrophilic behavior and exhibit respective WCAs of 74° and 88°. The annealed Cr₂N and (CrAl)₂N coatings exhibit hydrophobic behavior with higher WCAs, while the annealed hcp-AlN, Si-DLC and Cr-DLC coatings are hydrophilic. The increased WCA of the annealed Cr₂N and (CrAl)₂N coatings is related to their crystal structure and increased roughness. The decreased WCA of the annealed hcp-AlN, Si-DLC and Cr-DLC coatings is related to their crystal structures and has little correlation with roughness.
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Hook AL, Scurr DJ, Anderson DG, Langer R, Williams P, Davies M, Alexander M. High throughput discovery of thermo-responsive materials using water contact angle measurements and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012; 45:181-184. [PMID: 23450147 PMCID: PMC3579490 DOI: 10.1002/sia.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Switchable materials that alter their chemical or physical properties in response to external stimuli allow for temporal control of material-biological interactions, thus, are of interest for many biomaterial applications. Our interest is the discovery of new materials suitable to the specific requirements of certain biological systems. A high throughput methodology has been developed to screen a library of polymers for thermo-responsiveness, which has resulted in the identification of novel switchable materials. To elucidate the mechanism by which the materials switch, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been employed to analyse the top 2 nm of the polymer samples at different temperatures. The surface enrichment of certain molecular fragments has been identified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis at different temperatures, suggesting an altered molecular conformation. In one example, a switch between an extended and collapsed conformation is inferred. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hook
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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