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de Souza BM, Colombo SA, do Carmo Teixeira R, Coelho IMP, Barrado WDS, Ramos BOL, Araujo ÉLM, Bicalho GC, de Azevedo MI, Keller KM, Santos Monti FD, Silva Maia LDM, de Magalhães Soares DF, de Oliveira CSF. Responsible ownership and health education can reduce the time of sporotrichosis treatment in domestic cats. Prev Vet Med 2024; 227:106211. [PMID: 38691954 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a widespread fungal infection that affects skin and subcutaneous tissues in humans and animals. In cats, it is displayed as nodules, ulcers and lesions on the nasal and respiratory mucosa. Antifungal treatment of cats is crucial but many cases are difficult, thus resulting in discontinue of the treatment, with disastrous consequences for the animal, encouraging contamination of the environment, other animals and people. The effects of responsible ownership education and health education for owners of cats with feline sporotrichosis as well as the interval between veterinary consultations on treatment outcomes for three groups of owners and their pet cats were evaluated in this study. The responsible ownership education and health education strategies consisted in videos in easy and accessible language for people with any level of education and were presented during consultations for two of the three groups included. The time between appointments was two weeks for two of the groups, and four weeks for one of the groups. The median of treatment time for the group without educational activities was 138 days, while for the other two groups it was 77.5 days and 86 days. It was found a significative reduction in the treatment time in the groups exposed to Responsible ownership education videos. There was no contamination of those responsible for home treatment, and the interval between monthly appointments did not impact on cure or death rates compared to the interval between fortnightly appointments. All these results can be applied to feline sporotrichoses treatment protocols increasing the owners treatment adherence and reducing either, the treatment discontinuation and the treatment costs and helps to control zoonotic sporotrichosis. The importance of attractive and comprehensible educational strategies as part of the feline sporotrichosis treatment protocol for the promotion of one health was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Moreira de Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberta do Carmo Teixeira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isadora Martins Pinto Coelho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Werik Dos Santos Barrado
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Oliveira Lima Ramos
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Érica Lorenza Martins Araujo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Canesso Bicalho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel de Azevedo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kelly Moura Keller
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Lorena Diniz Macedo Silva Maia
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Ferreira de Magalhães Soares
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Stefanie Fonseca de Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Driver JH, Lunchick C, Conti J, Davis P, Tyler M, Woelfel K, Everett WR, Ross J. Pet collars containing tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP): evaluation of the results of torsion and on-animal release studies and implications for post-application consumer exposure and risk analysis. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2024; 87:381-397. [PMID: 38466085 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2326080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is the pesticidal active ingredient found in some flea and tick collars for dogs and cats. Recent studies sponsored by The Hartz Mountain Corporation, confirm the safety of TCVP as an active ingredient in pet collars. Based upon data from these new studies and results previously relied upon by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the following conclusions have been made: Torsion study data clearly indicate that approximately 93% of released formulation from TCVP containing pet collars is in a liquid phase immediately following activation.Further, even more relevant to human health risk analysis associated with post-application exposures, in vivo data from dogs wearing TCVP pet collars definitively document that TCVP dust released from the collar is rapidly absorbed into the sebum. The maximum ratio of dust to liquid was 0.023% dust to 99.977% liquid.In vivo fur data provide scientific evidence confirming that the mechanism of dissemination of TCVP from pet collars is as a liquid suspended or dissolved in the animal's sebum, even though it may be released from the collar as a solid. Thus, potential post-application exposure to TCVP, including immediately following collar placement, is almost entirely to a liquid phase.Based upon EPA's refined and conservative "untrimmed" collar risk assessment, post-application incidental oral hand-to-mouth activity by children aged 1 to <2 years of age results in margins of exposure significantly greater than the level of concern of 1000, and therefore do not present unreasonable health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph Conti
- The Hartz Mountain Corporation, Secaucus, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - John Ross
- risksciences.net, LLC, Longboat Key, FL, USA
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Squires RA, Crawford C, Marcondes M, Whitley N. 2024 guidelines for the vaccination of dogs and cats - compiled by the Vaccination Guidelines Group (VGG) of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA). J Small Anim Pract 2024; 65:277-316. [PMID: 38568777 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- R A Squires
- Formerly, Discipline of Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4814, Australia
| | - C Crawford
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - M Marcondes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University, Rua Sergipe 575, ap. 32, São Paulo, 01243-001, SP, Brazil
| | - N Whitley
- Internal Medicine, Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HR, UK
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Mamun TI, Mahmud MW, Dey SC, Fahim MAA, Raihan MAT, Tuhin RH, Sima SA, Akter S. Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding zoonotic diseases among cat and dog owners in Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med 2024; 226:106166. [PMID: 38484427 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The close relationship between human and companion animals like cats and dogs raises public health concerns regarding the potential transmission of zoonotic diseases in Bangladesh. The study aimed to evaluate the cat and dog owners' knowledge, attitudes, practices, and risk perception concerning zoonotic diseases for designing effective interventions and reducing disease transmission. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 480 pet owners in various region of Bangladesh. For data collection, a structured, closed-ended questions were implemented. The data collection was anonymous and individuals were chosen through a random selection method. Responses were classified to evaluate comprehensive knowledge, using a threshold value of ≥65%. Quantitative score was created to measure Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices, and these scores were divided into categories of good and poor knowledge, positive and negative attitudes, as well as correct and incorrect practices. The analysis included the application of both descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis. The findings showed that females made up more than half of the survey participants (55.2%), with the predominant pet owned being cats (73.1%). Overall, only a small portion (21.25%) of the survey respondents demonstrated good knowledge about the topic as measured by a dichotomous outcome. A larger proportion of participants (84.58%) exhibited a positive attitude towards zoonotic diseases. However, when it came to correct practices, about one-third (29.79%) of performed satisfactorily. It is noteworthy that 90.4% of the participants exhibited a high level of understanding regarding the transmission of rabies through dog bites. The knowledge and practices of owners were markedly impacted by their education, occupation, and geographic location. Furthermore, 48.1% identified 'social media' as their primary source of information, and 80.0% regarded vaccination as a preventive measure. The study reveals gaps in knowledge and practices of risks regarding zoonotic diseases among pet owners in Bangladesh. It is crucial to implement focused educational initiatives and preventative measures to effectively tackle gaps in knowledge concerning zoonotic diseases and to avert potential infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajul Islam Mamun
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Wakil Mahmud
- Genetics and Animal Breeding, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Asif Al Fahim
- Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Sajeda Afroz Sima
- Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Suchona Akter
- Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Raulf MK, Raue K, Rohdich N, Zschiesche E, Raue J, Merhof K, Volk HA, Schnyder M, Morelli S, Traversa D, Roepke RKA, Strube C. Efficacy of Bravecto ® Plus spot-on solution for cats (280 mg/ml fluralaner and 14 mg/ml moxidectin) in the prevention of feline Aelurostrongylus abstrusus infection evaluated in a multi-diagnostic approach. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:193. [PMID: 38658960 PMCID: PMC11044604 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is one of the most important respiratory nematodes of felines. Infections may lead to respiratory clinical signs with varying severity or even death, emphasizing the need for preventive treatment of cats with outdoor access to circumvent patent infections. METHODS Therefore, the preventive efficacy of a spot-on formulation of 280 mg/ml fluralaner and 14 mg/ml moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus spot-on solution for cats, MSD) against A. abstrusus was evaluated in a negative controlled, randomized and partially blinded efficacy study with 28 purpose-bred cats in a non-terminal design. In three different treatment regimes, the minimum recommended dose of 40 mg fluralaner and 2.0 mg moxidectin/kg bodyweight (BW) was administered once at 12, 8 or 4 weeks (study group G1, G2 and G3, respectively) prior to experimental infection with 300 third-stage A. abstrusus larvae, while G4 served as placebo-treated control. RESULTS From 30 to 46 days post infection (dpi; SD 114 to 130), faeces were sampled to monitor first-stage larvae (L1) excretion for efficacy determination. Secondary efficacy criteria, including respiratory parameters, serological antibody levels and computed tomography (CT) findings, were assessed once before enrolment (SD -7 to -1) and before infection (SD 75 to 83). After infection, CT evaluation was performed once at 47-50 dpi (SD 131 to 134), and respiratory parameters and antibody levels were regularly assessed twice or once a week, respectively (1 up to 78 dpi, SD 85 up to 162). All animals in the control group excreted L1 by 33-37 dpi and remained positive throughout the study period from 41 to 46 dpi (SD 125 to 130). In the treatment groups, only one animal each of G1 and G2 excreted L1 at two consecutive days, and four cats of G1, two of G2 and three of G3 were positive on single occasions. While the geometric mean (GM) of the maximum number of excreted L1 per 5 g of faeces was 7380.89 in the control group (G4), GMs were significantly lower in the treatment groups with 1.63 in G1, 1.37 in G2 and 0.79 in G3. Thus, based on GMs, the reduction in excreted L1 exceeded 99.9% in all three treatment groups. Based on CT severity scores, all lungs of the animals of the control group showed severe pulmonary changes post infection, whereas lungs of the cats of the treatment groups were either unaltered (4 animals), mildly (11 animals), or moderately altered (5 animals). Moreover, seroconversion was observed in all cats of the control group, but not in those of the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS The combination of diagnostic methods used in this non-terminal study yielded coherent and reliable results. A single administration of Bravecto® Plus spot-on solution for cats was well tolerated and effective in the prevention of aelurostrongylosis for at least 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Kristin Raulf
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Katharina Raue
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany
| | - Nadja Rohdich
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Jonathan Raue
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kristina Merhof
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department for Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Morelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Donato Traversa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, 30559, Hanover, Germany.
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Sørensen TM, Scahill K, Ruperez JE, Olejnik M, Swinbourne F, Verwilghen DR, Nolff MC, Baines S, Marques C, Vilen A, Duarte EL, Dias M, Dewulf S, Wichtowska A, Valencia AC, Pelligand L, Broens EM, Toutain PL, Alishani M, Brennan ML, Weese JS, Jessen LR, Allerton F. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in companion animal surgery: A scoping review for European Network for Optimization of Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines. Vet J 2024; 304:106101. [PMID: 38490359 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is widely used to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSI), but there is uncertainty as to what the proportion of SSI reduction is. Therefore, it is difficult for surgeons to properly weigh the costs, risks and benefits for individual patients when deciding on the use of SAP, making it challenging to promote antimicrobial stewardship in primary practice settings. The objective of this study was to map the veterinary evidence focused on assessing the effect of SAP on SSI development and in order to identify surgical procedures with some research evidence and possible knowledge gaps. In October 2021 and December 2022, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase and MEDLINE were systematically searched. Double blinded screening of records was performed to identify studies in companion animals that reported on the use of SAP and SSI rates. Comparative data were available from 34 out of 39123 records screened including: eight randomised controlled trials (RCT), 23 cohort studies (seven prospective and 16 retrospective) and three retrospective case series representing 12476 dogs and cats in total. Extracted data described peri- or post-operative SAP in nine, and 25 studies, respectively. In the eight RCTs evaluating SAP in companion animals, surgical procedure coverage was skewed towards orthopaedic stifle surgeries in referral settings and there was large variation in SAP protocols, SSI definitions and follow-up periods. More standardized data collection and agreement of SSI definitions is needed to build stronger evidence for optimized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland.
| | - K Scahill
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom; Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset Kungens Kurva, Månskärarvägen 13, Kungens Kurva 14175, Sweden; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Espinel Ruperez
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - M Olejnik
- Department of Fundamental and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurija Gagarina 11, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - F Swinbourne
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Selborne Rd, Alton GU34 3HL, United Kingdom
| | - D R Verwilghen
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Regimental Dr, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - M C Nolff
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, TFA 01.51, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - S Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, United Kingdom
| | - C Marques
- Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Vilen
- AniCura Landskrona Smådjursklinik, Föreningsgatan 165, Landskrona 261 51, Sweden
| | - E L Duarte
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, Évora 7006-554, Portugal; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Dias
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, Évora 7006-554, Portugal
| | - S Dewulf
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gebouw D4, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Ghent 9820, Belgium
| | - A Wichtowska
- Department of Fundamental and Preclinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurija Gagarina 11, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - A Carranza Valencia
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, Bern University, Länggassstrasse 120, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - L Pelligand
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College St, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland
| | - E M Broens
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, Utrecht 3584 CL, the Netherlands; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland
| | - P L Toutain
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, 4 Royal College St, London NW1 0TU, United Kingdom; INTHERES, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 23 Chem. des Capelles Entrée n°1, Toulouse 31300, France
| | - M Alishani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtina 10 000, Kosovo
| | - M L Brennan
- Centre for Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - J S Weese
- Dept of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 419 Gordon St, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - L R Jessen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 16, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark; ESCMID Study Group for Veterinary Microbiology (ESGVM), Basel, Switzerland
| | - F Allerton
- Willows Veterinary Centre & Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, United Kingdom
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Duxbury MM, Sobczynski H, Flynn K, Rendahl A. A behavior screening questionnaire improves problem identification in veterinary primary care with implications for patient health. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-9. [PMID: 38134451 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare how often owners identified concerns about their pets' behavior during routine examinations in 2 test conditions (voluntarily or when completing a questionnaire), and to test the efficacy of a simple behavior screening questionnaire to be used by practicing veterinarians. ANIMALS Privately owned dogs and cats presenting for routine examinations to 1 of 2 primary care clinics. METHODS The study was conducted in 2 sequential phases. In Phase 1, veterinary staff recorded whether pet owners or veterinarians inquired about behavior during routine examinations. In Phase 2, a different set of pet owners completed a short behavioral screening questionnaire as they waited for the veterinarian. We compared the 2 phases for how often behavior concerns were identified, the types of concerns, the pets' ages, and the owners' levels of satisfaction and desire for help. RESULTS Dog and cat owners were more likely to identify behavior concerns when prompted than they were to volunteer this information, especially for older patients in which behavior changes may be the first sign of disease. Most owners were satisfied with their pets' behavior, though owners were more likely to be unsatisfied with certain identified concerns. Owners who were dissatisfied were much more likely to want help. CLINICAL RELEVANCE A behavior screening questionnaire enhances detection of behavior problems that may have medical implications and impact the security of the pet in its home. A behavior screening questionnaire can elevate standard of care by enabling veterinarians to quickly assess behavior during every examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristi Flynn
- 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- 3Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN
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Jiao C, Liu D, Jin H, Huang P, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang H. Immunogenicity evaluation of a bivalent vaccine based on a recombinant rabies virus expressing gB protein of FHV-1 in mice and cats. Vet J 2024; 304:106096. [PMID: 38503385 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is caused by the feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), which commonly results in upper respiratory symptoms, and can result in death in the kittens and weak cats. Rabies is an infectious disease with zoonotic characteristics highly relevant to public health and also poses a serious threat to cats. Vaccines are the most effective method to control the spread of both FHV-1 and RABV and have the advantage that they produce long-term specific immune responses. In this study, we constructed a bivalent vaccine against FHV-1 and rabies virus (RABV) simultaneously. The vaccine was constructed by cloning FHV-1 gB into a RABV based vector, and the recombinant RABV (SRV9-FHV-gB) expressing the FHV-1 gB protein was rescued. The growth characteristics of SRV9-FHV-gB were analyzed on NA and BSR cells. To assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine, mice and cats were immunized with SRV9-FHV-gB supplemented with Gel02 adjuvant. The SRV9-FHV-gB exhibited the same growth characteristics as the parent virus SRV9 in both BSR cells and NA cells. The safety of SRV9-FHV-gB was evaluated using 5-day-old and 14-day-old suckling mice. The results showed that mice infected with the SRV9-FHV-gB survived for longer than those in the SRV9 group. Mice immunized with inactivated SRV9-FHV-gB produced high titers of specific antibodies against FHV-1 and neutralizing antibodies against RABV. Cats that received three immunizations with SRV9-FHV-gB also produced neutralizing antibodies against both FHV-1 and RABV. This study represents the first time that a bivalent vaccine targeting FHV-1 and RABV has been constructed, laying the foundations and providing inspiration for the development of other multivalent vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Di Liu
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Di Cesare A, Morelli S, Rohdich N, Kirkova Z, Capári B, Loehlein W, Wolf O, Zschiesche E, Colombo M, Astuti C, Traversa D. Efficacy of a spot-on formulation containing 280 mg/ml fluralaner and 14 mg/ml moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) in the prevention of cat aelurostrongylosis under field conditions. Vet Parasitol 2024; 327:110114. [PMID: 38286060 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus is the most important respiratory nematode of domestic cats. Effective control options are crucial to protect health and welfare of cats and to reduce the spread of aelurostrongylosis in both enzootic and free regions. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a spot-on formulation containing 280 mg/ml fluralaner and 14 mg/ml moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus, MSD) in the prevention of aelurostrongylosis in cats under field conditions. One hundred and fifty-two cats from Italy, Hungary and Bulgaria, were randomly divided in two groups, one treated with Bravecto® Plus on Study Days (SDs) 0 and 84 (74 cats, IVP Group) and one left untreated (78 cats, control group). Faecal samples were collected from all animals on SDs 42 ± 4, 84, 126 ± 4 and 168 ± 4 and subjected to the Baermann's technique and species-specific PCR for A. abstrusus. Each cat was subjected to a clinical examination on SDs 0, 84 and 168 ± 4 to check health condition and possible adverse events. The results of the faecal analysis were statistically analyzed for treatment group differences in the percentage of cats negative to the Baermann's test and PCR and percentage of reduction of fecal larvae counts as the primary and secondary efficacy criteria, respectively. The percentage of negative cats was higher in the IVP group compared to the control group and the percentage of reduction of fecal larvae counts in the IVP group compared to the control group was 100%. These results show that two administrations of Bravecto Plus® spot-on 12 weeks apart were safe and effective in the prevention of aelurostrongylosis for a period of almost 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simone Morelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nadja Rohdich
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Zvezdelina Kirkova
- Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Oliver Wolf
- Loehlein & Wolf vet research, Maistrasse 69, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Mariasole Colombo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Astuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Donato Traversa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Località Piano d'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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11
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Główny D, Sowińska N, Cieślak A, Gogulski M, Konieczny K, Szumacher-Strabel M. Raw diets for dogs and cats: Potential health benefits and threats. Pol J Vet Sci 2024; 27:151-159. [PMID: 38511729 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Raw meat-based diets for pet nutrition are becoming increasingly popular. The percentage of meat content, composition of nutrients, and amount of additives started to play an important role in the recipe of a given food. However, the use of healthier and unprocessed food must also be balanced with the animal's specific needs based on its anatomy, physiology, and behavior. There are many potential advantages and disadvantages of a biologically appropriate raw food (BARF) diet, and all of them should be considered before switching to this approach. Raw meat is considered a diet closest to nature and least processed. However, raw diets threaten pet health because of the potential for nutrient imbalances. The choice of raw meat in pets' everyday diet should be supported by the veterinarian's medical decision and preferably also with nutritionist help. Growing animals require a specific Ca:P ratio in their diet, which may be improper in raw meat. For cats, taurine levels must be carefully checked. In addition, an imbalanced raw-meat diet can be the cause of poor semen quality in males. Females are prone to inhibition of the estrus cycle, especially due to hyperthyroidism. Exogenous thyroid hormone intake is a real concern when feeding a neck/head meat with thyroid glands. There is also a possibility of bacterial or parasitic presence in raw meat. The present paper aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about the benefits and threats of eating a raw meat diet for the health concerns of companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Główny
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan, Poland
| | - N Sowińska
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Wołynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Cieślak
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition, Wołynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Gogulski
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Preclinical Sciences and Infectious Diseases, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Konieczny
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Szumacher-Strabel
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Animal Nutrition, Wołynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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12
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Godfrey H, Morrow S, Abood SK, Verbrugghe A. Identifying the target population and preventive strategies to combat feline obesity. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X241228042. [PMID: 38415669 PMCID: PMC10911305 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x241228042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Feline obesity continues to be a priority health and welfare issue. Most research surrounding obesity currently focuses on obesity treatment. However, treatment for feline obesity is slow, often unsuccessful and not without consequences. Identifying high-risk populations for obesity onset is crucial for developing and implementing preventive strategies. This review identifies post-gonadectomy kittens aged 5-12 months as the primary target population for obesity prevention in domestic cats and highlights dietary and feeding management strategies to be implemented for obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Godfrey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Shawna Morrow
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah K Abood
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Adronie Verbrugghe
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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13
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Weidinger AK, Bergmann M, König M, Zablotski Y, Hartmann K. Anti-rabies humoral immune response in cats after concurrent vs separate vaccination against rabies and feline leukaemia virus using canarypox-vectored vaccines. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231218643. [PMID: 38358295 PMCID: PMC10911302 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231218643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some expert groups recommend that cats should be vaccinated with non-adjuvanted feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) and rabies vector vaccines, which, in the European Union, are currently not licensed for concurrent use and have to be administered at least 14 days apart (different from the USA) and thus at separate visits, which is associated with more stress for cats and owners. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-rabies antibody response in cats after vaccination against rabies and FeLV at concurrent vs separate (4 weeks apart) visits using two canarypox-vectored vaccines (Purevax Rabies and Purevax FeLV; Boehringer Ingelheim) and to evaluate the occurrence of vaccine-associated adverse events (VAAEs). METHODS Healthy FeLV antigen-negative client-owned kittens (n = 106) were prospectively included in this randomised study. All kittens received primary vaccinations against rabies (week 0) and FeLV (weeks 4 and 8). After 1 year, the study group (n = 52) received booster vaccinations against rabies and FeLV concurrently at the same visit (weeks 50-52). The control group (n = 54) received booster vaccinations against rabies (weeks 50-52) and FeLV (weeks 54-56) separately. Anti-rabies virus antibodies (anti-RAV Ab) were determined by fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation assay at weeks 4, 50-52 and 54-56, and compared between both groups using a Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS Four weeks after the first rabies vaccination, 87/106 (82.1%) kittens had a titre ⩾0.5 IU/ml and 19/106 (17.9%) had a titre <0.5 IU/ml. Four weeks after the 1-year rabies booster, all cats had adequate anti-RAV Ab according to the World Organisation for Animal Health (⩾0.5 IU/ml), and the titres of the study group (median = 14.30 IU/ml) and the control group (median = 21.39 IU/ml) did not differ significantly (P = 0.141). VAAEs were observed in 7/106 (6.6%) cats. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Concurrent administration of Purevax FeLV and Purevax Rabies vector vaccines at the 1-year booster does not interfere with the development of anti-RAV Ab or cause more adverse effects and thus represents a better option than separate vaccination visits for cats and owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karina Weidinger
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michèle Bergmann
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Watson P. Letter regarding "ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats". J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:16. [PMID: 38006296 PMCID: PMC10800181 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
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15
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Forman MA, Steiner JM, Armstrong PJ, Camus MS, Gaschen L, Hill SL, Mansfield CS, Steiger K. Response to letter regarding "ACVIM consensus statement on pancreatitis in cats". J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:17. [PMID: 38032253 PMCID: PMC10800204 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marnin A Forman
- Cornell University Veterinary Specialists, Stamford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Joerg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - P Jane Armstrong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lorrie Gaschen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Steve L Hill
- Flagstaff Veterinary Internal Medicine Consulting, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Melbourne Veterinary School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Aging is often associated with chronic inflammation and declining health. Both veterinarians and owners of aging dogs and cats are interested in nutritional solutions and strategies to prevent signs of age-related disease, increase longevity, and improve quality of life. Physiological decreases in muscle mass, decreased immunity, and a decrease in sense acuity are some of the changes often seen in otherwise healthy senior pets; however, there may also be an increase in risk for pathologies such as renal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neoplastic diseases. Aging may also lead to cognitive decline and even cognitive dysfunction. Some nutritional strategies that may be helpful with the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases include supplementation with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidant nutrients that can help modulate inflammation and benefit osteoarthritis, renal disease, cancer, and more. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides shows promise in the treatment of canine cognitive dysfunction as these may be metabolized to ketone bodies that are utilized as an alternative energy source for the central nervous system. Additionally, a high intake of dietary phosphorus in soluble and bioavailable forms can lead to renal disease, which is of greater concern in senior pets. There are no published guidelines for nutritional requirements specific to senior pets and as a result, products marketed for senior dogs and cats are highly variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stockman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Old Brookville, NY, 11548, US.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, US.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, US.
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17
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Cazer CL, Lawless JW, Frye A, Gonzalez L, Safi AG. Divergent veterinarian and cat owner perspectives are barriers to reducing the use of cefovecin in cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1810-1819. [PMID: 37918112 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.08.0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand veterinarian and cat owner perspectives on antimicrobial use in cats, reasons for prescribing cefovecin, and barriers to improving antimicrobial stewardship, including veterinarian and cat owner perspectives of giving oral medication to cats. SAMPLE 21 New York veterinarians and 600 cat owners across the US. METHODS Cat owners were surveyed about their preferences for and experiences in giving oral medications to cats and their experiences with antimicrobials specifically. Veterinarians were interviewed about antimicrobial use decisions in cats, benefits and drawbacks of cefovecin, and their perspectives on antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS Many veterinarians reported feeling pressure to prescribe antimicrobials, while 41% of cat owners reported requesting antimicrobials. Although veterinarians are aware of the downsides of prescribing cefovecin, many prescribed cefovecin in situations where an antimicrobial was not needed or cefovecin may not have been the best choice. Veterinarians thought that 20% of cat owners could not give oral medications, but < 10% of cat owners had a cat that was impossible to medicate. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The disconnect between veterinarians' assessment of and cat owners' reported abilities in administering oral medication may contribute to cefovecin use. Demonstrating for cat owners how to give oral medication may help improve compliance and reduce the use of parenteral long-acting formulations. Structural and educational interventions are needed to address other contributors to inappropriate antimicrobial use. This research provides the specific considerations about barriers and motivations for cat owners and veterinarians that are required to guide strategic, tailored interventions for both audiences to advance stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey L Cazer
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- 2Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jeanne W Lawless
- 2Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Amelia Frye
- 2Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Lecsy Gonzalez
- 2Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Amelia Greiner Safi
- 2Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
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18
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Jiao C, Jin H, Zhang M, Liu D, Huang P, Bai Y, Dai J, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang H. A bacterium-like particle vaccine displaying protective feline herpesvirus 1 antigens can induce an immune response in mice and cats. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109898. [PMID: 37931577 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) is a highly transmissible virus that mainly causes ocular and upper respiratory infections in cats and seriously threatens the health of domestic cats and captive or wild cats (such as tigers, cheetahs, and lions). Vaccination is crucial to reduce the incidence rate and mortality of cats infected with FHV-1. In this study, three bacterium-like particles (BLPs) displaying the gB, gC, and gD proteins of FHV-1 were constructed based on a gram-positive enhancer matrix-protein anchor (GEM-PA) surface display system. Indirect immunofluorescence assay, western blot, and electron microscopy results showed that gB, gC or gD protein of FHV-1 was successfully displayed on the surface of GEM particles. Additionally, we designed one more BLPs, designated gB&gC&gD-GEM, which consisted of a mixture of gB-GEM, gC-GEM, and gD-GEM at a protein content ratio of 1:1:1. Mice were immunized with the four BLPs mixed with Gel02 adjuvant, and the results indicated that neutralizing antibody level in the gB&gC&gD-GEM group was superior than those in the other groups. Moreover, gB&gC&gD-GEM significantly increased the secretion of cytokines, as well as the activation and maturation of B cells. It also boosted the production of central memory T cells among CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. Moreover, gB&gC&gD-GEM mixed with Gel02 adjuvant provoked an antibody response in cats. In conclusion, the BLPs vaccine prepared from gB&gC&gD-GEM induced specific humoral and cellular immune responses to FHV-1 and be used as a potential vaccine candidate for the control of FHV-1 infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongli Jin
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Di Liu
- Changchun Sino Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yujie Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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19
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Marcondes M. Feline leukaemia vaccination. Vet Rec 2023; 193:372-373. [PMID: 37921294 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
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20
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Shaverdian M, Li RHL. Preventing Cardiogenic Thromboembolism in Cats: Literature Gaps, Rational Recommendations, and Future Therapies. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1309-1323. [PMID: 37516545 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenic arterial thromboembolism (CATE) is a devastating complication in cats with cardiomyopathies with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of CATE, its recurrence and mortality remain high. This highlights the urgent need for a greater understanding of CATE pathophysiology so that novel diagnostic tests and therapeutics can be developed. This comprehensive review aims to summarize existing literature on pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and current recommendations on the prevention and treatment of CATE. It also identifies and describes knowledge gaps and research priorities in the roles of immunothrombosis and procoagulant platelets in the pathogenesis of CATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Shaverdian
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2108 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ronald H L Li
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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21
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Hargreaves R. Vaccinating cats for feline leukaemia virus. Vet Rec 2023; 193:330-331. [PMID: 37861160 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
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22
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Gawor J, Jank M. Ascophyllum nodosum as a nutrient supporting oral health in dogs and cats: a review. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:511-520. [PMID: 37727971 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Home dental care is a key element of periodontal therapy in veterinary patients. Among many strategies of passive home dental care there is a supplementation of animal diet with seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum which have been shown to reduce both calculus and plaque accumulation after oral administration in both dogs and cats. Ascophyllum nodosum contains numerous biologically active ingredients, including micro-elements, vitamins, and several other compounds, however the exact mechanism of its beneficial action remains unclear. The very first metabolomic data suggest that it could change the composition of dog saliva. Several products containing Ascophyllum nodosum had been assessed clinically according to standards and requirements provided by the Veterinary Oral Health Council. The conducted clinical trials in dogs and cats revealed that Ascophyllum nodosum exerts the strongest preventive action as powder, followed by dental bites and dry pet food. The data concerning its curative action are limited to one study in cats in which no beneficial action has been observed. Based on available clinical data it is recommended to administer Ascophyllum nodosum to dogs and cats after oral cavity prophylactic procedure to reduce the recurrence of plaque and calculus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gawor
- Klinika Arka, Chłopska 2a, 30-806 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Jank
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Ireland EM, Heller J, Leister EM, Padula AM. Reduced incidence of tick paralysis cases in dogs and cats at two emergency clinics in South-East Queensland since 2015: new generation prophylactics as possible explanatory variables. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:356-365. [PMID: 37503789 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the incidence of canine and feline tick paralysis cases presenting to two veterinary emergency hospitals before and after the introduction of new generation prophylactic acaricides. METHODS This was a retrospective study, investigating the number of tick paralysis cases presenting to two emergency and critical care veterinary hospitals in South-East Queensland, from 2008 to 2021. A total of 10,914 dogs and 3696 cats were included over the course of the study. To assess if the introduction of new generation prophylactics in 2015 has coincided with any variation in case numbers, data for each species were analysed graphically and numerically in the first instance, then interrupted time series analyses were performed for the dog and cat data independently. RESULTS Accounting for seasonal and climatic variation, we estimated a 54.8% reduction in dog (95% CI 45.3%-62.7%) and 44% reduction in cat (95% CI 19.5%-46%) tick paralysis cases presenting to these two clinics. This reduction corresponded with the timing of new generation prophylactic agents being introduced, including isoxazolines and imidacloprid/flumethrin impregnated collars. CONCLUSION In the population studied, a significant reduction in the incidence of tick paralysis cases treated by veterinarians has occurred from 2015 onwards and was found to be associated with the timing of the release of new generation acaricidal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ireland
- Animal Emergency Service, Underwood, Australia
- Pet Intensive Care Unit, Underwood, Australia
| | - J Heller
- Heller Consulting, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Gulbali Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - E M Leister
- Pet Intensive Care Unit, Underwood, Australia
| | - A M Padula
- Padula Serums, Bairsndale, VIC, Australia
- Australian Venom Research Unit, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Crozet G, Rivière J, Rapenne E, Cliquet F, Robardet E, Dufour B. Quantitative risk assessment of rabies being introduced into mainland France through worldwide noncommercial dog and cat movements. Risk Anal 2023; 43:896-916. [PMID: 35728942 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
France has been rabies-free among nonflying mammals since 2001. Despite this status, the rabies virus has been introduced several times through noncommercial pet movements, posing a threat of infection by this 100%-lethal zoonosis among local animal and human populations. To quantify the risk of rabies being introduced through worldwide noncommercial dog and cat movements, we performed a quantitative risk assessment using stochastic scenario tree modeling. The mean annual probability of at least one rabies introduction incident was 0.35 (median: 0.24, 90% prediction interval (PI) [0.04; 0.98]) and the mean annual number of rabies-infected pets introduced through pet movements was 0.96 (median: 0.27, 90% PI [0.04; 3.88]). These results highlight a nonnegligible, even high risk due to the associated consequences of such events. In alternative scenario testing, preventive anti-rabies vaccination proved to be an effective measure since removing the vaccination requirement led to a > 15-fold increase in risk. The serological testing requirement had less of an effect (approximately two-fold increase when removed) and the posttest waiting period to ensure that antibodies were not linked to an infection had a negligible effect. Any change in pet owner compliance, especially regarding vaccination, could have a major impact on the risk. This study also shows that reinforced border control staff training could be more effective in reducing risk than more frequent checks. These results provide quantitative data for assessing the probability of the rabies virus entering France, and could help policymakers decrease this risk in rabies-free areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Crozet
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Santé Animale USC EPIMAI, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Julie Rivière
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Santé Animale USC EPIMAI, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elisa Rapenne
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Santé Animale USC EPIMAI, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Ecole Nationale des Services Vétérinaires, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Étoile, France
| | - Florence Cliquet
- Nancy OIE/WHO/EU Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Anses, Malzéville, France
| | - Emmanuelle Robardet
- Nancy OIE/WHO/EU Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Anses, Malzéville, France
| | - Barbara Dufour
- Anses, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Laboratoire de Santé Animale USC EPIMAI, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Araújo AA, Codeço C, F. S. Freitas D, M. de Macedo P, A. Pereira S, D. F. Gremião I, Coelho FC. Mathematical model of the dynamics of transmission and control of sporotrichosis in domestic cats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0272672. [PMID: 36745585 PMCID: PMC9901803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with a global distribution, also known as "rose gardener's disease". Brazil is experiencing a rapid spread of the zoonotic transmission of of Sporothrix brasiliensis, the main etiological agent of this disease in this country, affecting domestic felines. Cost-effective interventions need to be developed to control this emergent public health problem. To allow for the comparison of alternative control strategies, we propose in this paper, a mathematical model representing the transmission of S. brasiliensis among cats, stratified by age and sex. Analytical properties of the model are derived and simulations show possible strategies for reducing the endemic levels of the disease in the cat population, with a positive impact on human health. The scenarios included mass treatment of infected cats and mass implementation of contact reduction practices, such as neutering. The results indicate that mass treatment can reduce substantially the disease prevalence, and this effect is potentialized when combined with neutering or other contact-reduction interventions. On the other hand, contact-reduction methods alone are not sufficient to reduce prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélio A. Araújo
- Computational and Systems Biology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cláudia Codeço
- Scientific Computing Program, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dayvison F. S. Freitas
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Priscila M. de Macedo
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sandro A. Pereira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Isabella D. F. Gremião
- Scientific Computing Program, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flávio Codeço Coelho
- Computational and Systems Biology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Institute of Global Health, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Kobayashi S, Kawarasaki M, Aono A, Cho J, Hashimoto T, Sato R. Renoprotective effects of docosahexaenoic acid in cats with early chronic kidney disease due to polycystic kidney disease: a pilot study. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:e505-e512. [PMID: 36383208 PMCID: PMC10812349 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221136815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipids containing n-3 fatty acids have been reported to have protective effects on renal function, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) expected to be particularly effective. However, no reports have demonstrated the renoprotective effects of DHA-enriched lipids in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to examine the renoprotective effects of DHA-enriched fish oil in cats. METHODS Five healthy cats and five cats with early non-azotaemic CKD due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) were orally administered DHA-enriched fish oil in liquid form (250 or 500 mg/kg body weight [BW] and 250 mg/kg BW of DHA, respectively) for 28 days. Inappropriately dilute urine and markedly increased urinary N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) index were detected in cats with PKD before DHA-enriched fish oil administration. Changes in the fatty acid composition ratio in the blood of all 10 cats were assessed after orally administering 250 mg/kg of DHA. RESULTS Post-administration, no adverse clinical effects were observed, and blood and urine tests were within the reference intervals in healthy cats. Cats with PKD showed significantly decreased serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) and urinary NAG index at post-administration. Furthermore, oral administration of DHA-enriched fish oils significantly decreased the blood concentration ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) in cats with PKD post-administration. Furthermore, the concentration ratio of DHA in the blood significantly increased in both healthy cats and cats with PKD, and the DHA:AA ratio also increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Oral administration of DHA-enriched fish oils for 28 days significantly decreased blood AA levels and significantly increased DHA concentration and DHA:AA ratios in cats with PKD, and improved the SDMA, UPC and urinary NAG index, suggesting its potential for renoprotective effects in cats with early non-azotaemic CKD due to PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Masataka Kawarasaki
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayami Aono
- AIXIA Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Cho
- AIXIA Corporation, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hashimoto
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Reeko Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE The '2022 ISFM/AAFP Cat Friendly Veterinary Environment Guidelines' (hereafter the 'Cat Friendly Veterinary Environment Guidelines') describe how the veterinary clinic environment can be manipulated to minimise feline patient distress. Many components of a veterinary clinic visit or stay may result in negative experiences for cats. However, much can be done to improve a cat's experience by making the veterinary clinic more cat friendly. Exposure to other cats and other species can be reduced, and adjustments made with consideration of the feline senses and species-specific behaviour. Caregivers can prepare cats for a clinic visit with appropriate advice. Waiting rooms, examination rooms, hospital wards and other clinic areas can be designed and altered to reduce stress and hence encourage positive emotions. Changes need not be structural or expensive in order to be effective and make a difference to the cats and, in turn, to cat caregivers and the veterinary team. Moreover, by improving the all-round experience at the veterinary clinic, there are positive effects on preventive healthcare, identification of and recovery from illness, and compliance with treatment. CLINICAL CHALLENGES Good feline healthcare necessitates visiting the veterinary clinic, which, simply by being outside of a cat's territory and familiar surroundings, may lead to negative experiences. Such experiences can trigger negative (protective) emotions and associated physiological stress, which can result in misleading clinical findings, patient distress, prolonged recovery from illness, further difficulties with handling at subsequent visits and potential veterinary personnel injury. There may be a mistaken belief that veterinary clinics must undergo significant renovation or building work to become cat friendly, and that, if species cannot be separated, then clinics cannot improve their care of cats. These Guidelines aim to dispel any such misconceptions and provide detailed practical advice. EVIDENCE BASE These Guidelines have been created by a Task Force of experts convened by the International Society of Feline Medicine and American Association of Feline Practitioners, based on an extensive literature review and, where evidence is lacking, the authors' experience. Endorsements: These Guidelines have been endorsed by a number of groups and organisations, as detailed on page 1161 and at icatcare.org/cat-friendly-guidelines and catvets.com/environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Taylor
- International Society of Feline Medicine, International Cat Care, Tisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kelly St Denis
- St Denis Veterinary Professional Corporation, Powassan, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Collins
- International Society of Feline Medicine, International Cat Care, Tisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Nathalie Dowgray
- International Society of Feline Medicine, International Cat Care, Tisbury, Wiltshire, UK
| | | | - Sarah Heath
- Behavioural Referrals Veterinary Practice, Chester, UK
| | - Ilona Rodan
- Cat Behavior Solutions, Cat Care Clinic, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Ryan
- Inspiring Pet Teaching, Fordingbridge, Hampshire, UK
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Devlin L, McCobb E, Cardamone C, Linder DE. Assessing the Impact of a Pilot Nutrition Curriculum on Students' Confidence and Ability to Perform Nutritional Assessments on Overweight Dogs and Cats for Use in a Veterinary Outreach Program. J Vet Med Educ 2022; 49:594-602. [PMID: 34310269 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2020-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing concern for dogs and cats. Although veterinary input is critical to prevent and manage obesity, conversations addressing overweight pets are challenging and require training to perform effectively. This study assessed the impact of a nutrition curriculum developed for use in a veterinary outreach program on student confidence and ability to perform nutritional assessments, particularly on overweight pets. The curriculum was developed by students and a Board-Certified Veterinary Nutritionist focusing on (1) performing nutritional assessments and (2) discussing the findings with owners. Initial implementation and evaluation occurred with 32 students. Pre-study and post-study surveys were conducted asking students to rank their confidence in 14 aspects related to nutritional assessments, determine opportunities for change from a case summary, and describe their experience using the materials. Five students in the outreach program performed an additional nutritional assessment and developed a plan for a hypothetical case. Results were analyzed for significance via the likelihood ratios Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Students showed significant increase in confidence for 11 of the 14 questions and significant improvements at determining opportunities for change (p < .05). Feedback was positive and supported the feasibility of using the materials with the outreach program. Overall, the findings support that the curriculum provides a positive learning experience and prepared veterinary students for performing nutritional assessments and creating management plans for obese pets. This article introduces the curriculum as a successful model for providing access to additional self-paced curricular units to veterinary students.
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Feeding fads: risk and responsibility. Vet Rec 2022; 190 Suppl 1:3-4. [PMID: 35657268 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As interest in alternative diets for pets continues to grow, Andy Wales will use his BVA Live session to explore some of the risks associated with non-mainstream approaches to feeding dogs and cats, and vets' responsibility to make clients aware of them.
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McKenzie BA. Comparative veterinary geroscience: mechanism of molecular, cellular, and tissue aging in humans, laboratory animal models, and companion dogs and cats. Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:ajvr.22.02.0027. [PMID: 35524953 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.02.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the single most important cause of disease, disability, and death in companion animal species. Contrary to the common view of aging as mysterious and inevitable, it is more usefully understood as a set of complex but comprehensible and modifiable biological processes that are highly conserved across species. The purpose of this Currents in One Health manuscript is to describe key mechanisms of aging at the cellular and molecular level and the manifestations of these in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system, adipose, and the brain. The characteristics of these processes as identified in common laboratory animal models and in humans will be described and compared with the much more limited information available concerning aging in dogs and cats. This will highlight important targets for future research in these species. The consistent patterns across species in the hallmarks of aging and their manifestations at the level of tissues, organ systems, and individual animals signify potential targets for interventions to mitigate the negative health impacts of aging and extend both life span and health span (the period of life free of significant disease or disability). Further research to elucidate aging mechanisms in companion dogs and cats will eventually support development, testing, and implementation of clinical therapies to prevent and ameliorate age-related dysfunction, disease, and death.
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Dizon TJR, Saito N, Inobaya M, Tan A, Reñosa MDC, Bravo TA, Endoma V, Silvestre C, Salunga MAO, Lacanilao PMT, Guevarra JR, Kamiya Y, Lagayan MGO, Kimitsuki K, Nishizono A, Quiambao BP. Household survey on owned dog population and rabies knowledge in selected municipalities in Bulacan, Philippines: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0009948. [PMID: 35041682 PMCID: PMC8797173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Despite the effort to eradicate rabies in the Philippines, human rabies cases have not decreased in the past decade. Rabid dogs pose the most significant hazard in the countries with the highest burden of rabies, and 70% rabies vaccine coverage is recommended for dogs in high-risk areas. Ascertaining the owned dog population and community knowledge on rabies can help improve vaccine coverage and information campaigns.
Methodology/Principal findings
We conducted a cross-sectional survey in six randomly selected communities (five urban, one rural) in Central Luzon, Philippines. We first conducted the complete mapping of 9,173 households and then randomly selected 727 households. More than half (54.1%) of the households owned dogs (1.21 dogs/household). In the 727 households, we identified 878 owned dogs and 3256 humans. According to these results, the dog-to-human ratio was approximately 1:3.7. Only 8.8% of households reported a history of dog bite in 2019. Among dog-owning households, 31% reported that they allow their dogs to roam freely. Of the recorded dogs, 35.9% have never been vaccinated, and only 3.5% were spayed or castrated. Factors associated with lower rabies knowledge include (1) no education aOR: 0.30 (0.16–0.59), and (2) only primary school education aOR: 0.33 (0.22–0.49). In contrast, factors associated with higher knowledge include (1) owning a dog and not allowing them to roam freely aOR: 2.01 (1.41–2.87) and (2) owning a dog and allowing them to roam freely aOR: 1.84 (1.17–2.92), when compared to those with no dogs.
Conclusions/Significance
We identified a larger dog population in the community than the usual estimates (1:10), suggesting that annual vaccine needs in the Philippines must be reassessed. Our survey shows a relatively good understanding of rabies; however, awareness of the concept of rabies as a disease, and how animals and humans can acquire it, is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy John R. Dizon
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
- * E-mail:
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Marianette Inobaya
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Alvin Tan
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Mark Donald C. Reñosa
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Thea Andrea Bravo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Vivienne Endoma
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Catherine Silvestre
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Maria Glofezita O. Lagayan
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
- Bureau of Animal Industry, Department of Agriculture, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Beatriz P. Quiambao
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Erickson A, Harbin K, MacPherson J, Rundle K, Overall KL. A review of pre-appointment medications to reduce fear and anxiety in dogs and cats at veterinary visits. Can Vet J 2021; 62:952-960. [PMID: 34475580 PMCID: PMC8360309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on pre-appointment medications used to decrease fear and anxiety in dogs and cats related to veterinary visits. A review of the literature revealed data on 4 medications from 4 medication classes that have been used to ameliorate acute situational fear and anxiety in dogs and cats: gabapentin, trazodone, oral transmucosal dexmedetomidine, and alprazolam. The available information on use, mechanism of action, and pharmacokinetics is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Erickson
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3
| | - Kaylin Harbin
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3
| | - Justine MacPherson
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3
| | - Kate Rundle
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3
| | - Karen L Overall
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3
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Spiri AM, Novacco M, Meli ML, Stirn M, Riond B, Fogle JE, Boretti FS, Herbert I, Hosie MJ, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091736. [PMID: 34578316 PMCID: PMC8473420 DOI: 10.3390/v13091736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus associated with oral ulcerations and virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. The high genetic diversity of FCV poses a challenge in vaccine design. Protection against FCV has been related to humoral and cellular immunity; the latter has not been studied in detail. This study investigates the cellular and humoral immune response of specified pathogen-free (SPF) cats after modified-live FCV F9 vaccinations and two heterologous FCV challenges by the analysis of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine mRNA transcription levels, interferon (IFN)-γ release assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anti-FCV antibodies, and neutralisation activity. Vaccinated cats developed a Th1 cytokine response after vaccination. Vaccination resulted in antibodies with neutralising activity against the vaccine but not the challenge viruses. Remarkably, IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs were detected in vaccinated cats upon stimulation with the vaccine strain and the first heterologous FCV challenge strain. After the first experimental infection, the mRNA transcription levels of perforin, granzyme B, INF-γ, and antiviral factor MX1 and the number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the first challenge virus were higher in vaccinated cats compared to control cats. The first FCV challenge induced crossneutralising antibodies in all cats against the second challenge virus. Before the second challenge, vaccinated cats had a higher number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the second challenge virus than control cats. After the second FCV challenge, there were less significant differences detected between the groups regarding lymphocyte subsets and cytokine mRNA transcription levels. In conclusion, modified-live FCV vaccination induced cellular but not humoral crossimmunity in SPF cats; innate immune mechanisms, secretory and membranolytic pathways, and IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs seem to be important in the host immune defence against FCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Spiri
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-635-83-78
| | - Marilisa Novacco
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Barbara Riond
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Jonathan E. Fogle
- Comparative Immunology Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Felicitas S. Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Imogen Herbert
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow, Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (M.S.); (B.R.); (R.H.-L.)
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Spiri AM, Riond B, Stirn M, Novacco M, Meli ML, Boretti FS, Herbert I, Hosie MJ, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Reduces Viral RNA Loads, Duration of RNAemia, and the Severity of Clinical Signs after Heterologous Feline Calicivirus Challenge. Viruses 2021; 13:1505. [PMID: 34452370 PMCID: PMC8402717 DOI: 10.3390/v13081505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus causing clinical signs such as oral ulcerations, fever, reduced general condition, pneumonia, limping and occasionally virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. FCV is a highly mutagenic RNA virus whose high genetic diversity poses a challenge in vaccine design. The use of only one modified-live FCV strain over several decades might have driven the viral evolution towards more vaccine-resistant variants. The present study investigated the clinical signs, duration, and amount of FCV shedding, RNAemia, haematological changes and acute phase protein reaction in SPF cats after subcutaneous modified-live single strain FCV vaccination or placebo injection and two subsequent oronasal heterologous FCV challenge infections with two different field strains. Neither clinical signs nor FCV shedding from the oropharynx and FCV RNAemia were detected after vaccination. After the first experimental infection, vaccinated cats had significantly lower clinical scores, less increased body temperature and lower acute phase protein levels than control cats. The viral RNA loads from the oropharynx and duration and amount of RNAemia were significantly lower in the vaccinated animals. No clinical signs were observed in any of the cats after the second experimental infection. In conclusion, FCV vaccination was beneficial for protecting cats from severe clinical signs, reducing viral loads and inflammation after FCV challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Spiri
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Barbara Riond
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Martina Stirn
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Marilisa Novacco
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Marina L. Meli
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
| | - Felicitas S. Boretti
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Imogen Herbert
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK; (I.H.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (B.R.); (M.S.); (M.N.); (M.L.M.); (R.H.-L.)
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Singleton DA, Pinchbeck GL, Radford AD, Arsevska E, Dawson S, Jones PH, Noble PJM, Williams NJ, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F. Factors Associated with Prescription of Antimicrobial Drugs for Dogs and Cats, United Kingdom, 2014-2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 26:1778-1791. [PMID: 32687030 PMCID: PMC7392421 DOI: 10.3201/eid2608.191786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to curtail antimicrobial resistance. To determine factors potentially influencing likelihood of prescribing antimicrobials for animals, we analyzed electronic health records for unwell dogs (n = 155,732 unique dogs, 281,543 consultations) and cats (n = 69,236 unique cats, 111,139 consultations) voluntarily contributed by 173 UK veterinary practices. Using multivariable mixed effects logistic regression, we found that factors associated with decreased odds of systemic antimicrobial prescription were client decisions focused on preventive health: vaccination (dogs, odds ratio [OR] 0.93, 95% CI, 0.90–0.95; cats, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89–0.95), insurance (dogs, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84–0.90; cats, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.79–0.86), neutering of dogs (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.88–0.92), and practices accredited by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (OR 0.79, 95% 95% CI 0.68–0.92). This large multicenter companion animal study demonstrates the potential of preventive healthcare and client engagement to encourage responsible antimicrobial drug use.
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Jaynes RA, Thompson MC, Kennedy MA. Effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation of the air on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in kittens in a nursery. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:929-932. [PMID: 33064607 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.9.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of UV germicidal irradiation of the air on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) in kittens in a nursery. ANIMALS 4- to 8-week-old kittens admitted to a kitten nursery in 2016 and 2018. PROCEDURES 2 UV germicidal irradiation systems (1 within the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system and 1 attached to the ceiling) were installed in a kitten nursery. Data were collected on the number of kittens in which a URI was diagnosed by means of a physical examination. The incidence of URIs was compared between 2016, when no UV systems were used, and 2018, when the UV systems were used. RESULTS The overall incidence of URIs in 2016 was 12.4 cases/100 kitten admissions and in 2018 was 1.6 cases/100 kitten admissions, a significant decrease of 87.1% between the years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A significant reduction in the incidence of URIs in kittens in a nursery was noted when the UV germicidal irradiation systems were used. Therefore, airborne transmission of feline respiratory pathogens may be more important than has been previously recognized. Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems that disinfect the air may be an effective adjunct to standard infection prevention and control protocols in reducing the risk of the transmission of respiratory pathogens among kittens in nurseries and shelters. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the findings reported here.
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Tielemans E, Buellet P, Young D, Viljoen A, Liebenberg J, Prullage J. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against adult cat flea Ctenocephalides felis and flea egg production in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:21. [PMID: 33812453 PMCID: PMC8019553 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation against adult and immature stages of Ctenocephalides felis fleas was tested in four experimental studies. Two studies were designed to test adulticide efficacy, one to test inhibition of immature stages, and one to test both adulticide efficacy and inhibition of immature stages. In each study, cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group or to a novel formulation group treated once at the minimum recommended dose. Cats were experimentally infested weekly for one to two months with unfed C. felis originating from North America or Europe. For adulticide efficacy evaluations, live fleas were counted 24 h after treatment and after subsequent weekly infestations. For immature stages, flea eggs were collected and counted weekly for evaluation of egg production inhibition and incubated for larval hatching evaluation. In the three studies testing adult fleas, curative efficacies, 24 h after treatment, were 92.1%, 98.3% and 99.7%; preventive weekly efficacies, 24 h after weekly infestations, remained higher than 95.5% for at least one month. In the two studies testing immature stages, egg production and larval hatching was significantly reduced for at least one month. These studies provide robust evidence of efficacy of the novel formulation against experimental adult flea infestations and for the prevention of environmental contamination by immature flea stages, for at least one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tielemans
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Prescillia Buellet
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - David Young
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Young Veterinary Research Services 7243 East Avenue Turlock CA 95380-9124 USA
| | - Alta Viljoen
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Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Julian Liebenberg
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Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 11186, Universitas Bloemfontein 9321 Republic of South Africa
| | - Joe Prullage
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton MO 65251 USA
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Prullage J, Baker C, Mansour A, McCall S, Young D, Tielemans E. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Amblyomma americanum in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:25. [PMID: 33812457 PMCID: PMC8019551 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esafoxolaner, a purified enantiomer of afoxolaner with insecticidal and acaricidal properties, is combined with eprinomectin and praziquantel in NexGard® Combo, a novel topical endectoparasiticide product for cats. The efficacy of this novel formulation was assessed in two experimental studies against induced infestations with Amblyomma americanum, a tick species of major importance, highly prevalent in a large southeastern quarter of the United States. In each study, 10 cats were randomly allocated to a placebo control group and 10 cats to a novel formulation treated group. Infested cats were treated topically once at the minimum recommended dose. Both studies were designed to test curative efficacy on existing infestation, 72 h after treatment, and to test preventive efficacy, 72 h after subsequent weekly (Study #1) or fortnightly (Study #2) infestations for one month. For each infestation, all cats were infested with 50 unfed adult A. americanum. At each tick count, in both studies, at least 8 in 10 placebo control cats were infested with 13 (26%) or more live ticks, demonstrating adequate infestation throughout the studies. Curative efficacy of the novel formulation was 99% in both studies; preventive efficacy was 92% and 100% for at least one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Prullage
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health, Missouri Research Center 6498 Jade Rd. Fulton MO
65251 USA
| | - Christine Baker
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens GA
30601 USA
| | | | - Scott McCall
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TRS Labs Inc. 215 Paradise Blvd Athens GA
30607-1151 USA
| | - David Young
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Young Veterinary Research Services 7243 East Avenue Turlock CA
95380-9124 USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
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Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 avenue Tony Garnier 69007
Lyon France
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Baker C, McCall J, Mansour A, McCall S, Shaffer T, Wakeland K, Mitchell E, Frost J, Tielemans E, Bowman D. Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel for the prevention of heartworm disease in cats. Parasite 2021; 28:30. [PMID: 33812462 PMCID: PMC8019556 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NexGard® Combo is a novel topical endectoparasiticide formulation for cats combining the insecticide/acaricide esafoxolaner, the nematodicide eprinomectin and the cestodicide praziquantel. The efficacy of this novel formulation for the prevention of heartworm disease in cats was tested in two experimental studies using an induced infection model and a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study design, and two USA isolates of Dirofilaria immitis. In each study, 20 naïve cats were each inoculated sub-cutaneously with 100 third-stage larvae of D. immitis 30 days before treatment. Following randomization to two treatment groups of ten cats, each cat was treated topically once, either with the minimum recommended dose of the novel formulation, or with an identical volume of placebo. Five months after treatment (6 months after infections), the cats were humanely euthanized for parasite recovery and count. Efficacy was calculated by comparison of the numbers of adult D. immitis recovered in the control and in the novel formulation groups. In the control groups of each study, D. immitis were recovered in seven and nine cats (respective worm counts ranges 1-7 and 1-16, respective geometric means 1.6 and 5.1). In both studies, none of the treated cats harbored any D. immitis at necropsy and the calculated efficacy of the novel formulation was 100%. There were no adverse reactions related to treatment with the novel formulation. The results of these two studies demonstrate that a topical NexGard® Combo application at the minimum label dose is well-tolerated and efficacious in preventing heartworm disease in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Baker
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | - John McCall
- TRS Labs Inc. 215 Paradise Blvd Athens 30607-1151 GA USA
| | | | - Scott McCall
- TRS Labs Inc. 215 Paradise Blvd Athens 30607-1151 GA USA
| | - Tayna Shaffer
- ClinVet USA 1479 Talmadge Hill Rd S Waverly 14892 NY USA
| | - Kenneth Wakeland
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | - Elizabeth Mitchell
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | - Justin Frost
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 1730 Olympic Drive Athens 30601 GA USA
| | - Eric Tielemans
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier 69007 Lyon France
| | - Dwight Bowman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University Ithaca 14850 NY USA
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Kogan LR, Hellyer PW, Rishniw M. American and Canadian veterinarians' perceptions on dog and cat core vaccination rates and the impact of the human medicine anti-vaxx movement on veterinary medicine. Can Vet J 2021; 62:247-252. [PMID: 33692579 PMCID: PMC7877678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An electronic survey was distributed to assess American and Canadian veterinarians' perceptions on dog and cat vaccination rates. The top veterinarian concerns for vaccinating a healthy adult dog were anaphylaxis, soreness at the injection site, and lethargy; for cats, these concerns included vaccine-associated sarcoma, lethargy, and soreness at injection site. Veterinarians reported that the most common concerns mentioned by reluctant or resistant clients to vaccinating their dogs or cats were beliefs that vaccinations are costly and unnecessary or may lead to chronic or severe illness. There was a positive correlation between an organized anti-vaxx movement against mandatory vaccination for children in their community and the number of vaccine resistant or concerned clients. That the number of resistant clients was associated with the presence of an organized anti-vaxx movement implies that the human anti-vaxx movement is impacting pet owners' views on companion animal vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Kogan
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Kogan, Hellyer); Veterinary Information Network, 777 West Covell Blvd., Davis, California 95616, USA (Rishniw)
| | - Peter W Hellyer
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Kogan, Hellyer); Veterinary Information Network, 777 West Covell Blvd., Davis, California 95616, USA (Rishniw)
| | - Mark Rishniw
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA (Kogan, Hellyer); Veterinary Information Network, 777 West Covell Blvd., Davis, California 95616, USA (Rishniw)
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Thieman Mankin KM, Cohen ND. Randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of antimicrobial-impregnated suture on the incidence of surgical site infections in dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:62-69. [PMID: 32538702 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of triclosan-coated (TC) suture in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) in dogs and cats undergoing surgical procedures. ANIMALS 862 animals (794 dogs and 68 cats). PROCEDURES Incidences of SSI of surgical wounds closed with TC suture and surgical wounds closed with non-TC suture occurring between the time of surgery and 1 month postoperatively were compared. Animals were randomly assigned to TC or non-TC suture groups. When TC suture was assigned, all suture available as TC material was used rather than non-TC suture. Presence of an SSI was determined by an owner questionnaire or direct examination. RESULTS Overall, 50 of 862 (5.8%) animals developed SSIs. Incidence of SSI was 6% (24/428) in the non-TC suture group and 6% (26/434) in the TC suture group. No significant difference was found in the incidence of SSI between groups. No significant difference was detected in the incidence of incisional problems (eg, redness, dehiscence, and seroma formation) between animals in which TC suture was used and those in which non-TC suture was used. On multivariable analysis, other factors were associated with increased SSI rates, including an incision length > 10 cm, surgery performed by the soft tissue surgery department, and anesthesia duration of > 240 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE No significant difference in incidence of SSI was detected between animals undergoing surgical procedures performed with non-TC versus TC suture.
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Lee Y, Maes RK, Kruger JM, Kiupel M, Giessler KS, Soboll Hussey G. Safety and Efficacy of Felid Herpesvirus-1 Deletion Mutants in Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020163. [PMID: 33499363 PMCID: PMC7911815 DOI: 10.3390/v13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Felid herpesvirus-1 (FeHV-1) is an important respiratory and ocular pathogen of cats and current vaccines are limited in duration and efficacy because they do not prevent infection, viral nasal shedding and latency. To address these shortcomings, we have constructed FeHV-1 gE-TK- and FeHV-1 PK- deletion mutants (gE-TK- and PK-) using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) mutagenesis and shown safety and immunogenicity in vitro. Here, we compare the safety and efficacy of a prime boost FeHV-1 gE-TK- and FeHV-1 PK- vaccination regimen with commercial vaccination in cats. Cats in the vaccination groups were vaccinated at 3-week intervals and all cats were challenge infected 3 weeks after the last vaccination. Evaluations included clinical signs, nasal shedding, virus neutralizing antibodies (VN), cytokine mRNA gene expression, post-mortem histology and detection of latency establishment. Vaccination with gE-TK- and PK- mutants was safe and resulted in significantly reduced clinical disease scores, pathological changes, viral nasal shedding, and viral DNA in the trigeminal ganglia (the site of latency) following infection. Both mutants induced VN antibodies and interferons after immunization. In addition, after challenge infection, we observed a reduction of IL-1β expression, and modulation of TNFα, TGFβ and IL10 expression. In conclusion, this study shows the merits of using FeHV-1 deletion mutants for prevention of FeHV-1 infection in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Roger K. Maes
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - John M. Kruger
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA
| | - Kim S. Giessler
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
| | - Gisela Soboll Hussey
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.L.); (R.K.M.); (M.K.); (K.S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-517-432-3273
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Theysgeur S, Cudennec B, Deracinois B, Perrin C, Guiller I, Lepoudère A, Flahaut C, Ravallec R. New Bioactive Peptides Identified from a Tilapia Byproduct Hydrolysate Exerting Effects on DPP-IV Activity and Intestinal Hormones Regulation after Canine Gastrointestinal Simulated Digestion. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010136. [PMID: 33396793 PMCID: PMC7796187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Like their owners, dogs and cats are more and more affected by overweight and obesity-related problems and interest in functional pet foods is growing sharply. Through numerous studies, fish protein hydrolysates have proved their worth to prevent and manage obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes. In this work, a human in vitro static simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was adapted to the dog which allowed us to demonstrate the promising effects of a tilapia byproduct hydrolysate on the regulation of food intake and glucose metabolism. Promising effects on intestinal hormones secretion and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity were evidenced. We identify new bioactive peptides able to stimulate cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretions, and to inhibit the DPP-IV activity after a transport study through a Caco-2 cell monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Theysgeur
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.T.); (B.D.); (C.F.)
- Diana Pet Food, F-56250 Elven, France; (C.P.); (I.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Benoit Cudennec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.T.); (B.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.); Tel.: +33-(0)362268590 (B.C. & R.R.)
| | - Barbara Deracinois
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.T.); (B.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Claire Perrin
- Diana Pet Food, F-56250 Elven, France; (C.P.); (I.G.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Anne Lepoudère
- Diana Pet Food, F-56250 Elven, France; (C.P.); (I.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Christophe Flahaut
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.T.); (B.D.); (C.F.)
- UMR Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro N° 1158, University of Artois, F-62000 Arras, France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (S.T.); (B.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (B.C.); (R.R.); Tel.: +33-(0)362268590 (B.C. & R.R.)
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Teixeira FA, Queiroz MR, Oba PM, Olivindo RFG, Ernandes MC, Duarte CN, Rentas MF, Brunetto MA. Brazilian owners perception of the body condition score of dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:463. [PMID: 33246455 PMCID: PMC7694915 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of how owners view the body condition of their animals is an important factor for the success of the prevention/treatment of obesity and the engagement/adherence to nutritional interventions, which are fundamental to improve the animal prognosis. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the owners regarding the body condition score of their animals, compare the perception between cat vs. dog owners, and owners from the countryside vs. metropolitan region of São Paulo State in Brazil. RESULTS 601 dogs and 110 cats were included in this study. There was no significant difference in body condition score assigned by owners by species. Owners of dogs and cats classified by the veterinarian as ideal, overweight, and obese who disagree with body condition score assigned by veterinarian mainly underestimate the body condition score of their animals, while lean dogs' owners overestimate it. Countryside dog owners had a higher rate of disagreement with the veterinarian and more often underestimate the body condition score than owners from the metropolitan region. The owners of lean cats have the same judgments with veterinarians. CONCLUSIONS Owners of dogs and cats have difficulty assessing the body condition score, especially owners from countryside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alves Teixeira
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ramos Queiroz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Massae Oba
- Department of Animal Sciences , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Illinois, Urbana, USA
| | - Rodrigo Fernando Gomes Olivindo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane Ceschin Ernandes
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Nogueira Duarte
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 255, Pirassununga, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Alexander German, Ian Ramsey and Philip Lhermette address some of the concerns raised over calling pet obesity a disease and argue that this classification can bring many management opportunities.
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46
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Abstract
Human and animal behaviour often combine into a perfect storm of obesity-causing actions.
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47
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Abstract
Suzanne Jarvis discusses new thinking on obesity in cats and dogs.
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Fasina FO, Mtui-Malamsha N, Mahiti GR, Sallu R, OleNeselle M, Rubegwa B, Makonnen YJ, Kafeero F, Ruheta M, Nonga HE, Swai E, Makungu S, Killewo J, Otieno EG, Lupindu AM, Komba E, Mdegela R, Assenga JK, Bernard J, Hussein M, Marandu W, Warioba J, Kaaya E, Masanja P, Francis G, Kessy VM, Savy J, Choyo H, Ochieng J, Hoogesteijn AL, Fasina MM, Rivas AL. Where and when to vaccinate? Interdisciplinary design and evaluation of the 2018 Tanzanian anti-rabies campaign. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:352-360. [PMID: 32205283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hoping to improve health-related effectiveness, a two-phase vaccination against rabies was designed and executed in northern Tanzania in 2018, which included geo-epidemiological and economic perspectives. METHODS Considering the local bio-geography and attempting to rapidly establish a protective ring around a city at risk, the first phase intervened on sites surrounding that city, where the population density was lower than in the city at risk. The second phase vaccinated a rural area. RESULTS No rabies-related case has been reported in the vaccinated areas for over a year post-immunisation; hence, the campaign is viewed as highly cost-effective. Other metrics included: rapid implementation (concluded in half the time spent on other campaigns) and the estimated cost per protected life, which was 3.28 times lower than in similar vaccinations. CONCLUSIONS The adopted design emphasised local bio-geographical dynamics: it prevented the occurrence of an epidemic in a city with a higher demographic density than its surrounding area and it also achieved greater effectiveness than average interventions. These interdisciplinary, policy-oriented experiences have broad and immediate applications in settings of limited and/or time-sensitive (expertise, personnel, and time available to intervene) resources and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folorunso O Fasina
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania.
| | - Niwael Mtui-Malamsha
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Gladys R Mahiti
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Raphael Sallu
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Moses OleNeselle
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Bachana Rubegwa
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Yilma J Makonnen
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Fred Kafeero
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Martin Ruheta
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Hezron E Nonga
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel Swai
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Selemani Makungu
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Japhet Killewo
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Edward G Otieno
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Athumani M Lupindu
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Erick Komba
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Robinson Mdegela
- One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania; Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Justine K Assenga
- Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Coordination Desk, Prime Minister's Office, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Jubilate Bernard
- One Health Coordination Desk, Prime Minister's Office, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania; Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Mohamed Hussein
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Republic of Tanzania; One Health Central and Eastern Africa, Eastern Africa, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Walter Marandu
- District Veterinary Office, Moshi District, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - James Warioba
- Zonal Veterinary Center, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Eliona Kaaya
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Pius Masanja
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Gundelinda Francis
- Tanzania Veterinary Laboratory Agency, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Violet M Kessy
- Tanzania National Parks Authority, Same, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Janique Savy
- Unit of Geoinformation and Mapping, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hija Choyo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Justus Ochieng
- AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Almira L Hoogesteijn
- Human Ecology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Margaret M Fasina
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ariel L Rivas
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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National Committee on Injury Prevention. Consensus: children and pets. ARCH ARGENT PEDIATR 2020; 118:S69-S106. [PMID: 32470282 DOI: 10.5546/aap.2020.S69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The relationship of a child with a pet, under duly controlled circumstances, is beneficial for both. Pets establish emotional attachments to children, and the relationship turns out positive in terms of affective aspects, in reinforcement of the child´s personality and promoting self-esteem, and in cognitive development, among many other advantages. Nevertheless, there are real risks in the coexistence of kids and pets: trauma, bites, several injuries and also disease transmission. Risk factors of injuries can be inherent in children (age, improper behavior, lack of supervision), in the environment (small houses, inadequate spaces), or in dogs (big or not recommended breeds, aggressive behaviors). This consensus insists on some guidelines for a responsible tenure and safe coexistence. Dogs and cats are recommended as pets, discouraging exotic species and non-traditional animals. Guidelines for bites treatment are provided and the main zoonoses of which pets can be carriers and transmitters are outlined.
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DiGangi BA. The American Heartworm Society and Association of Shelter Veterinarians' 2019 Shelter Heartworm Management Practices Survey. Vet Parasitol 2020; 282:109130. [PMID: 32470870 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of the 2019 Shelter Heartworm Management Practices Survey was to identify the current practices employed for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of heartworm disease in animal shelters. Survey questions were developed to collect the information of interest for dogs, cats, and ferrets under the care of sheltering organizations along with demographic information about these organizations. An electronic survey was distributed to the American Heartworm Society and Association of Shelter Veterinarians' mailing lists in February-March 2019. Cross-posting of the survey on relevant lists was encouraged. The survey invitation was directed toward veterinarians delivering care in an animal shelter and excluded practitioners providing services for shelters, shelter animals, or recently adopted animals within a private practice setting. A total of 242 survey responses were received representing private humane societies/societies for the prevention of cruelty to animals (39.7%), municipal animal control facilities (24.9%), traditional (public-private partnership) shelters (21.7%), foster-based organizations (7.9%), sanctuaries (2.6%), and breed/species-specific rescues (2.1%). The largest proportion of respondent shelters were from the southeastern United States (36.9%) and over two-thirds of the shelters had full-time shelter veterinarians (69.0%). Most respondents provided monthly heartworm preventives for dogs (81.1%) and used oral ivermectin products per product labels (67.2%) to do so. Extralabel use of preventives was reported by 21.3% of respondents. Most respondents tested all dogs >6 months of age for heartworm infection (81.9%) and did so during the intake examination (56.6%) with antigen tests (92.2%). At least some heartworm positive dogs were treated by most respondents (93.1%) using a 3-dose (42.5%) or 2-dose (37.9%) melarsomine protocol. Non-arsenical treatment protocols were utilized by 16.8% of respondents. Protocols typically included adjunctive treatment with doxycycline or minocycline (92.3%), prednisone (71.3%), and macrocyclic lactones (58.6%). Nearly two-thirds of respondents housed dogs within foster homes after treatment (65.1%). Heartworm prevention was provided by 29.9% of respondents that admitted cats and 9.9% of those that admitted ferrets. These results can be used to identify challenges to meeting recommended practices regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heartworm disease in the animal shelter setting and to target operational and educational resources toward the areas of greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A DiGangi
- ASPCA, PO Box 142275, Gainesville, FL, USA; American Heartworm Society, PO Box 8266, Wilmington, DE, USA; Association of Shelter Veterinarians, 3225 Alphawood Drive, Apex, NC, USA.
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