1
|
TROIANO GIANMARCO, MESSINA GABRIELE, NANTE NICOLA. Bacterial lysates (OM-85 BV): a cost-effective proposal in order to contrast antibiotic resistance. J Prev Med Hyg 2021; 62:E564-E573. [PMID: 34604601 PMCID: PMC8451348 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most frequent pathologies in which antibiotics are used because 50% of the exacerbations are attributable to a bacterial infection. The aims of our study were: i) to perform a meta-analysis on the efficacy of the bacterial lysate OM-85 BV in preventing acute exacerbations in patients with COPD; ii) to evaluate whether this preventive treatment can lead to significant savings for the National Health Service (NHS). Methods A systematic research was conducted in the electronic database MEDLINE (PubMed) in June 2017-July 2020, collecting evidences without time restrictions. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The keywords used were “OM 85 BV AND chronic bronchitis” and “OM 85 BV AND COPD”. A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was performed considering the costs for a treatment with OM-8BV, the costs for the treatment of an acute exacerbation and the number of prevented exacerbations. Results 59 publications were found, but the meta-analysis was conducted on 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. OM-85 BV is responsible of a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of COPD exacerbations (p < 0.01; WMD = -0.86; CI 95%: -1.38, -0.34) and in the days of antibiotic therapy (p < 0.01; WMD = -9.49; CI 95%: -11.93, -7.05). The cost-effectiveness ratio with a negative value is in favor to treatment. Conclusions OM-85 BV is effective in reducing exacerbations, and could lead to significant savings for the NHS. Moreover, reducing the number of exacerbations it could avoid an over-use of antibiotics and the consequent antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GIANMARCO TROIANO
- Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena
- Correspondence: Gianmarco Troiano, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Area of Public Health, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy - Tel.: +39 347-9512771 - Fax: +39 0577-234090 - E-mail: or
| | - GABRIELE MESSINA
- Department of molecular and developmental medicine, University of Siena
| | - NICOLA NANTE
- Department of molecular and developmental medicine, University of Siena
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Boer GM, Braunstahl G, van der Ploeg EK, van Zelst CM, van Bruggen A, Epping G, van Nimwegen M, Verhoeven G, Birnie E, Boxma‐de Klerk BM, de Bruijn MJW, Stadhouders R, Hendriks RW, Tramper‐Stranders GA. Bacterial lysate add-on therapy to reduce exacerbations in severe asthma: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2021; 51:1172-1184. [PMID: 34289183 PMCID: PMC9292626 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Asthma exacerbations are frequently induced by respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Bacterial lysates have been described to possess immune‐modulatory effects and reduce RTIs as well as asthma symptoms in children. However, whether bacterial lysates have similar effects in adult asthma patients is unknown. Aims To reduce asthma exacerbations by add‐on bacterial lysate therapy in adults with severe asthma and to characterize the clinical and immune‐modulatory effects of this treatment. Methods Asthma patients (GINA 4) with ≥2 annual exacerbations in the previous year were included. The intervention regimen consisted of OM‐85/placebo for 10 consecutive days per month for 6 months during two winter seasons. Primary end‐point was the number of severe asthma exacerbations within 18 months. The study was approved by the national and local ethical review board and registered in the Dutch Trial Registry (NL5752). All participants provided written informed consent. Results Seventy‐five participants were included (38 OM‐85; 37 placebo). Exacerbation frequencies were not different between the groups after 18 months (incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95%CI [0.68–1.69], p = 0.77). With the use of OM‐85, FEV1% increased by 3.81% (p = 0.04) compared with placebo. Nasopharyngeal swabs taken during RTIs detected a virus less frequently in patients using OM‐85 compared to placebo (30.5% vs. 48.0%, p = 0.02). In subjects with type 2 inflammation adherent to the protocol (22 OM‐85; 20 placebo), a non‐statistically significant decrease in exacerbations in the OM‐85 group was observed (IRR = 0.71, 95%CI [0.39–1.26], p = 0.25). Immune‐modulatory effects included an increase in several plasma cytokines in the OM‐85 group, especially IL‐10 and interferons. Peripheral blood T‐ and B cell subtyping, including regulatory T cells, did not show differences between the groups. Conclusion Although OM‐85 may have immune‐modulatory effects, it did not reduce asthma exacerbations in this heterogeneous severe adult asthma group. Post hoc analysis showed a potential clinical benefit in patients with type 2 inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geertje M. de Boer
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert‐Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Esmee K. van der Ploeg
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Cell BiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cathelijne M. van Zelst
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alie van Bruggen
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Guido Epping
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Menno van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gert Verhoeven
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineMaasstad hospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erwin Birnie
- Department of Scientific EducationFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Cell BiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A. Tramper‐Stranders
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PediatricsFranciscus Gasthuis & VlietlandRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tzachor A, Rozen O, Khatib S, Jensen S, Avni D. Photosynthetically Controlled Spirulina, but Not Solar Spirulina, Inhibits TNF-α Secretion: Potential Implications for COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm Therapy. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:149-155. [PMID: 33566210 PMCID: PMC7874025 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An array of infections, including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), trigger macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and subsequently hypercytokinemia, commonly referred to as a cytokine storm (CS). It is postulated that CS is mainly responsible for critical COVID-19 cases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recognizing the therapeutic potential of Spirulina blue-green algae (Arthrospira platensis), in this in vitro stimulation study, LPS-activated macrophages and monocytes were treated with aqueous extracts of Spirulina, cultivated in either natural or controlled light conditions. We report that an extract of photosynthetically controlled Spirulina (LED Spirulina), at a concentration of 0.1 µg/mL, decreases macrophage and monocyte-induced TNF-α secretion levels by over 70% and 40%, respectively. We propose prompt in vivo studies in animal models and human subjects to determine the putative effectiveness of a natural, algae-based treatment for viral CS and ARDS, and explore the potential of a novel anti-TNF-α therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Tzachor
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk & Cambridge Global Food Security Research Center, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Or Rozen
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites and Immune Modulation Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Soliman Khatib
- Natural compounds and analytical chemistry Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute and Tel Hai college, Kiryat Shemona, Israel
| | - Sophie Jensen
- MATIS - Food and Biotech Research and Development, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites and Immune Modulation Laboratory, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shemona, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Loretelli C, Ben Nasr M, Giatsidis G, Bassi R, Lancerotto L, D'Addio F, Valderrama-Vasquez A, Scherer SS, Salvatore L, Madaghiele M, Abdelsalam A, Ippolito E, Assi E, Usuelli V, El Essawy B, Sannino A, Pietramaggiori G, Zuccotti GV, Orgill DP, Fiorina P. Embryonic stem cell extracts improve wound healing in diabetic mice. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:883-890. [PMID: 32124076 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Impaired wound healing significantly impacts morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, necessitating the development of novel treatments to improve the wound healing process. We here investigated the topical use of acellular embryonic stem cell extracts (EXTs) in wound healing in diabetic db/db mice. METHODS Wounds were induced in diabetic db/db mice, which were subsequently treated with EXTs, with 3T3 fibroblast cell line protein extracts (3T3XTs) or with saline as a control. Pathology and mechanistic assays were then performed. RESULTS The in vivo topical administration of EXTs facilitates wound closure, contraction and re-epithelialization. Moreover, EXTs reduced the number of wound-infiltrating CD45+ inflammatory cells and increased the rate of repair and of angiogenesis as compared to controls. Interestingly, the EXT effect was partly enhanced by the use of a collagen-based biocompatible scaffold. In vivo, topical administration of EXTs increased the percentage of regulatory T cells in the wounded tissue, while in vitro EXT treatment reduced T cell-mediated IFN-γ production. Proteomic screening revealed 82 proteins differentially segregating in EXTs as compared to 3T3 extracts, with APEX1 identified as a key player for the observed immunomodulatory effect of EXTs. CONCLUSIONS EXTs are endowed with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; their use improves wound healing in diabetic preclinical models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Loretelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Moufida Ben Nasr
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 5th Floor, Rm EN530, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 5th Floor, Rm EN530, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luca Lancerotto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St. John's Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Francesca D'Addio
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Valderrama-Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 5th Floor, Rm EN530, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Saja Sandra Scherer
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luca Salvatore
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelsalam
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elio Ippolito
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Assi
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Usuelli
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Basset El Essawy
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pietramaggiori
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Dennis Paul Orgill
- Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing Laboratory, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- International Center for T1D, Pediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, DIBIC L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Enders Building 5th Floor, Rm EN530, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abughanam G, Elkashty OA, Liu Y, Bakkar MO, Tran SD. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Extract (MSCsE)-Based Therapy Alleviates Xerostomia and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca in Sjogren's Syndrome-Like Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194750. [PMID: 31557796 PMCID: PMC6801785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that manifests primarily in salivary and lacrimal glands leading to dry mouth and eyes. Unfortunately, there is no cure for SS due to its complex etiopathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were successfully tested for SS, but some risks and limitations remained for their clinical use. This study combined cell- and biologic-based therapies by utilizing the MSCs extract (MSCsE) to treat SS-like disease in NOD mice. We found that MSCsE and MSCs therapies were successful and comparable in preserving salivary and lacrimal glands function in NOD mice when compared to control group. Cells positive for AQP5, AQP4, α-SMA, CK5, and c-Kit were preserved. Gene expression of AQP5, EGF, FGF2, BMP7, LYZ1 and IL-10 were upregulated, and downregulated for TNF-α, TGF-β1, MMP2, CASP3, and IL-1β. The proliferation rate of the glands and serum levels of EGF were also higher. Cornea integrity and epithelial thickness were maintained due to tear flow rate preservation. Peripheral tolerance was re-established, as indicated by lower lymphocytic infiltration and anti-SS-A antibodies, less BAFF secretion, higher serum IL-10 levels and FoxP3+ Treg cells, and selective inhibition of B220+ B cells. These promising results opened new venues for a safer and more convenient combined biologic- and cell-based therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Abughanam
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Osama A Elkashty
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Younan Liu
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Mohammed O Bakkar
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esposito S, Bianchini S, Bosis S, Tagliabue C, Coro I, Argentiero A, Principi N. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, single-centre, phase IV trial to assess the efficacy and safety of OM-85 in children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections. J Transl Med 2019; 17:284. [PMID: 31443716 PMCID: PMC6708164 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over many years, OM-85, a lysate of 21 common bacterial respiratory pathogens, has been demonstrated to prevent respiratory recurrences in children. However, further studies are needed to explore the true importance of OM-85 in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children. This study was planned to further contribute to the evaluation of the role played by OM-85 in prevention of recurrent RTIs in children. METHODS This study was a randomized (3:3:1), placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-centre, phase IV trial carried out in Italy to assess the efficacy of OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom®; Vifor Pharma; Meyrin 2/Geneva, Switzerland) in reducing the number of new RTI episodes in 288 children aged 1 to 6 years with a history of recurrent RTIs and to compare the efficacy of the standard 3-month regimen with that of administration of OM-85 for 6 months during a 6-month study period. RESULTS The number of RTIs and of children who experienced at least one RTI were significantly lower among patients receiving OM-85 for 3 months than among those given placebo (33% vs 65.1%, p < 0.0001). Differences were statistically significant for upper RTIs (i.e., common cold/viral pharyngitis and acute otitis media; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Days of absence from day-care for children and working days lost by parents were significantly lower in the group with children treated with OM-85 for 3 months than in the placebo group (p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). No difference was seen between children who received OM-85 for 3 and those who received OM-85 for 6 months. The prevalence of atopy as well as the history of recurrent wheezing and age of the study child did not influence the results. Benefit was maximally evident among children with a history of frequent recurrences. OM-85 was well tolerated and safe, even in children who received an influenza vaccination. CONCLUSIONS The use of OM-85 for 3 months in 3 series of 10 consecutive days each time reduces the risk of recurrent RTIs in children, with a favourable safety profile. The greater effect observed in children prone to several respiratory episodes than in non-prone children seems to indicate that this lysate should be administered especially to children with a proven high susceptibility to RTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sonia Bianchini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Samantha Bosis
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Tagliabue
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Coro
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Argentiero
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Esposito S, Bianchini S, Polinori I, Principi N. Impact of OM-85 Given during Two Consecutive Years to Children with a History of Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections: A Retrospective Study. IJERPH 2019; 16:ijerph16061065. [PMID: 30934539 PMCID: PMC6466214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In otherwise healthy infants and young children, respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are extremely common. Clinical data have shown that OM-85 could prevent respiratory recurrences in children. However, further studies are needed to explore the true importance of OM-85 in clinical practice. In addition, an unsolved problem is the efficacy of OM-85 when it is administered for two consecutive years. Moreover, another open question is the safety of OM-85 when co-administered with the influenza vaccine. In order to solve these unanswered issues, 200 children aged three to six years with a history of recurrent RTIs, defined as at least six documented episodes of acute RTI in a single year, who had received OM-85 (Broncho-Vaxom®; OM Pharma, a Vifor Pharma Group Company, Geneva, Switzerland) for two consecutive years (3.5 mg once a day for 10 days for 3 months of each year) were selected and matched based on age, sex, and period of evaluation with children with recurrent RTIs who did not receive OM-85. In the group of children treated with OM-85, the number of patients who did not experience any new episode of RTI, as well as the number of RTIs, wheezing episodes, medical visits, and prescribed antibiotic courses, were significantly lower than that in the group not treated with OM-85. The results were similar in the first and second year of OM-85 administration. A minority of patients showed mild adverse events, and the safety profile was overall good, including in the 49 children who received the influenza vaccination within one month from the beginning of the first cycle of OM-85. Our data suggest that OM-85 can effectively and safely reduce the risk of new infective episodes in children with recurrent RTIs and that a second yearly course of lysate administration can be useful to maintain protection, particularly when the diagnosis of recurrent RTIs is made in younger children for whom it is likely that definitive maturation of the immune system still requires a long time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sonia Bianchini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Polinori
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hernández-Granados AJ, Franco-Molina MA, Coronado-Cerda EE, Zapata-Benavides P, Gamboa EM, Ramos-Zayas Y, Santana-Krímskaya SE, Rodríguez-Padilla C. Immunogenic potential of three transmissible venereal tumor cell lysates to prime canine-dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 121:23-30. [PMID: 30316013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Whole tumor cell lysates consist of a mixture of tumor antigens and danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can be used for dendritic cell maturation and consequently for the activation of a polyclonal T cell-specific tumor response. We evaluated the in vitro efficacy of three different preparations of canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) cell lysates: hypochlorous acid-whole tumor cell lysates (HOCl-L), heat shock-whole tumor cell lysates (HS-L), and freeze-thaw cycles-whole tumor cell lysates (FT-L) for the maturation of canine-derived dendritic cells. Our results showed calreticulin, HSP70, and HSP90 release in the three tumor lysates preparations (HOCl-L, HS-L, and FT-L); however, HMGB1 was detected only in HOCl-L and FT-L. Additionally, the uptake by HOCl-L pulsed dendritic cell (DC) increased compared to HS-L and FT-L pulsed DC; and dendritic cell maturation was confirmed by the appropriate cell surface markers (CD11c, CD80, CD83, and MHCII). Furthermore, dendritic cells pulsed with HOCl-L, HS-L or FT-L were cultured with canine lymphocytes. There was an increase of Th1-type cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), in all the tumor cell lysates co-cultures, this correlates with T lymphocyte activation and cytotoxic response. Our data confirm that TVT cell lysates can induce functional canine-DC and that HOCl-L is the most effective one. This preparation of TVT cell lysates with HOCl is an attractive approach that allows the recognition of neoantigens as potential tumor targets and DC priming and therefore could be used for cancer immunotherapy against TVT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Jesús Hernández-Granados
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Moisés Armides Franco-Molina
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico.
| | - Erika Evangelina Coronado-Cerda
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Pablo Zapata-Benavides
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Edgar Mendoza Gamboa
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Yareellys Ramos-Zayas
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Silvia Elena Santana-Krímskaya
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia y Virologia, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), PO BOX 46, "F" Zip Code 66455, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L., Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ridolfi L, de Rosa F, Fiammenghi L, Petrini M, Granato AM, Ancarani V, Pancisi E, Soldati V, Cassan S, Bulgarelli J, Riccobon A, Gentili G, Nanni O, Framarini M, Tauceri F, Guidoboni M. Complementary vaccination protocol with dendritic cells pulsed with autologous tumour lysate in patients with resected stage III or IV melanoma: protocol for a phase II randomised trial (ACDC Adjuvant Trial). BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021701. [PMID: 30082356 PMCID: PMC6078243 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgery is one of the treatments of choice for patients with a single metastasis from melanoma but is rarely curative. Such patients could potentially benefit from consolidation immunotherapy. Vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumour antigens elicits a tumour-specific immune response. In our experience, patients who developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) after DC vaccination showed a median overall survival (OS) of 22.9 monthsvs4.8 months for DTH-negative cases. A phase II randomised trial showed an advantage OS of a DC vaccine over a tumour cell-based vaccine (2-year OS 72% vs31%, respectively). Given that there is no standard therapy after surgical resection of single metastases, we planned a study to compare vaccination with DCs pulsed with autologous tumour lysate versus follow-up. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a randomised phase II trial in patients with resected stage III/IV melanoma. Assuming a median relapse-free survival (RFS) of 7.0 months for the standard group and 11.7 months for the experimental arm (HR 0.60), with a two-sided tailed alpha of 0.10, 60 patients per arm must be recruited. An interim futility analysis will be performed at 18 months. The DC vaccine, produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines, consists of autologous DCs loaded with autologous tumour lysate and injected intradermally near lymph nodes. Vaccine doses will be administered every 4 weeks for six vaccinations and will be followed by 3 million unit /day of interleukin-2 for 5 days. Tumour restaging, blood sampling for immunological biomarkers and DTH testing will be performed every 12 weeks. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol, informed consent and accompanying material given to patients were submitted by the investigator to the Ethics Committee for review. The local Ethics Committee and the Italian Medicines Agency approved the protocol (EudraCT code no.2014-005123-27). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed international scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER 2014-005123-27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ridolfi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Francesco de Rosa
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Laura Fiammenghi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Petrini
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Granato
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Ancarani
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Elena Pancisi
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Valentina Soldati
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Serena Cassan
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Jenny Bulgarelli
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Angela Riccobon
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giorgia Gentili
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori I(RST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Oriana Nanni
- Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori I(RST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Massimo Framarini
- Advanced Oncological Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Francesca Tauceri
- Advanced Oncological Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Guidoboni
- Immunotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Park HJ, Park JB, Lee SJ, Song M. Phellinus linteus Grown on Germinated Brown Rice Increases Cetuximab Sensitivity of KRAS-Mutated Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081746. [PMID: 28800074 PMCID: PMC5578136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and it has recently become a leading cause of death worldwide. Among colon cancers, the v-ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)-mutated form is notorious for its non-druggable features. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor, has been introduced as an antitumor therapy; however, secondary resistance and side effects significantly limit its effective use in these cancers. In this study, we prepared Phellinuslinteus on germinated brown rice (PBR) extracts to increase the sensitivity of KRAS-mutated colon cancers to cetuximab. The combined treatment of PBR extract and cetuximab suppressed SW480 cell viability/proliferation, with the cells exhibiting altered cellular morphology and clonogenic potential. AnnexinV–fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide–stained flow cytometry and Western blotting were performed, and PBR extract combined with cetuximab treatment increased apoptosis of the SW480 cells and suppressed their KRAS protein expression. The potential of PBR as a synergistic anticancer agent was further investigated in a tumor-xenografted mouse model. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed with PBR extract and cetuximab co-treatment. In conclusion, PBR increased the sensitivity of KRAS-mutated colon cancer cells to cetuximab, which indicates the potential use of PBR as a medical food against colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Gachon University, Kyungji-Do 13120, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Bin Park
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Sang-Jae Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
- The Research Center for Extremophiles & Marine Microbiology, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Minjung Song
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu YW, Dong SH, Zhan GY, Tan HZ, Peng YQ, Wei F. Analysis of the effect of bacterial lysate and the immunologic mechanism in treating infant bronchiolitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:3332-3336. [PMID: 28770946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of bacterial lysate and the immunologic mechanism in treating infant bronchiolitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS 124 infants were diagnosed with bronchiolitis were consecutively selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 62 cases in each group. Conventional therapies were administered in the control group, while bacterial lysates were administered in the observation group. Therapeutic effects were compared after 14 days. RESULTS In the control group, the total effective rate experienced prominent increase and the healing period was shortened. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparison of the reverse reactions in two groups showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4, NF-κB and KBD-1 after treatment showed no prominent changes in the control group. Levels of IFN-γ and Hbd-1 increased while levels of IL-4 and NF-κB decreased in the observation group; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparisons of the indexes above mentioned after treatment in the two groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Levels of IgA, IgG and IgM after treatment in the control group showed no changes, as well as the level of IgM in the observation group. Levels of IgA and IgG after treatment in the observation group prominently increased and were higher than that in the observation group; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Bacterial lysate can improve the therapeutic effect of infant bronchiolitis; it can also improve the level of certain cytokines, immunoglobulins, and strengthening immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-W Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Eastern District of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sen University, Huangpu District, Guangzhou Province, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
D'Alò GL, Zorzoli E, Loria A, Terracciano E, Zaratti L, Franco E. [Bacterial lysates: history and availability]. Ig Sanita Pubbl 2017; 73:381-396. [PMID: 29099828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacterial lysates (BLs) can be traced back to the end of the nineteenth century, and they are currently available in several countries across all continents. Over the last few decades, BLs have been used, both in pediatric patients and in adults, mainly for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract. BLs are produced from bacterial cultures that undergo cell lysis with two different methods: mechanical lysis and chemical lysis. The in vivo mechanism of action is still not fully understood, and the main hypotheses focus on mucosal immunity modulation. We searched PubMed for relevant papers on the use of BLs for the prevention and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and recurrent respiratory infections both in adult and in pediatric patients. We retrieved 169 articles and after screening and selection, we analyzed 13 RCTs focusing on adult patients and 8 on pediatric patients. The outcomes assessed were mainly about the efficacy of BLs on exacerbations, hospitalizations, antibiotic treatment, fever, number of episodes and days of absence from work or school. Many aspects of BLs are still not well understood and the quality of available studies is not satisfactory; in order to place BLs within the scope of Public Health, further good quality studies are needed, keeping in mind the necessity to respond to the needs of patients for whom no alternative effective treatments are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gian Loreto D'Alò
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| | - Ermanno Zorzoli
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| | - Alessandra Loria
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| | - Elisa Terracciano
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Igiene e Medicina Preventiva, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| | - Laura Zaratti
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| | - Elisabetta Franco
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina e Prevenzione, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Han RF, Li HY, Wang JW, Cong XJ. Study on clinical effect and immunologic mechanism of infants capillary bronchitis secondary bronchial asthma treated with bacterial lysates Broncho-Vaxom. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:2151-2155. [PMID: 27249617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical effects and immunologic mechanism of infant capillary bronchitis secondary bronchial asthma treated with bacterial lysates (Broncho-Vaxom OM-85BV). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between February 2013 and February 2014, 136 infant capillary bronchitis secondary bronchial asthma cases were chosen. This research was approved by Ethics Committee in our hospital and obtained the informed consent right from patients and guardians. Patients were divided into the control group (n = 62) and the observation group (n = 74) using random number table method. Patients in the control group were treated with normal glucocorticoid atomizing inhalation, aminophylline and antibiotic treatment. In the observation group besides the abovementioned treatment, we added Broncho-Vaxom OM-85BV, qd po for 10 days continuously and quitted it for 20 days. This continued for a total of 3 months. Follow-ups were set for about one year to compare the effects. RESULTS The onset frequency and duration of capillary bronchitis and asthma in observation group declined remarkably compared with control group and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The level of IL-17 and IL-4 in the observation group decreased significantly, whereas, the level of IL-10 and IFN- γ increased considerably. Differences were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes in the observation group patients expressed lower levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α7 (α7nAChR) compared to the control group. Then difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Broncho-Vaxom OM-85BV reduced the onset of infant capillary bronchitis secondary bronchial asthma, relating to the reduced inflammation reaction. It also regulated the immunologic function of Th1/Th2, and lowered the α7nAChR level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R-F Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salazar-Onfray F, Pereda C, Reyes D, López MN. TAPCells, the Chilean dendritic cell vaccine against melanoma and prostate cancer. Biol Res 2016; 46:431-40. [PMID: 24510145 DOI: 10.4067/s0716-97602013000400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we summarize 10 years of effort in the development of a biomedical innovation with global projections. This innovation consists of a novel method for the production of therapeutic dendritic-like cells called Tumor Antigen Presenting Cells (TAPCells®). TAPCells-based immunotherapy was tested in more than 120 stage III and IV melanoma patients and 20 castration-resistant prostate cancer patients in a series of phase I and I/II clinical trials. TAPCells vaccines induced T cell-mediated memory immune responses that correlated with increased survival in melanoma patients and prolonged prostate-specific antigen doubling time in prostate cancer patients. Importantly, more than 60% of tested patients showed a Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction against the lysates, indicating the development of anti-tumor immunological memory that correlates with clinical benefits. The in vitro analysis of the lysate mix showed that it contains damage-associated molecular patterns such as HMBG-1 protein which are capable to improve, through Toll-like receptor-4, maturation and antigen cross-presentation of the dendritic cells (DC). In fact, a Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism correlates with patient clinical outcomes. Moreover, Concholepas concholepas hemocyanin (CCH) used as adjuvant proved to be safe and capable of enhancing the immunological response. Furthermore, we observed that DC vaccination resulted in a three-fold increase of T helper-1 lymphocytes releasing IFN-γ and a two-fold increase of T helper-17 lymphocytes capable of producing IL-17 in DTH+ with respect to DTH- patients. Important steps have been accomplished for TAPCells technology transfer, including patenting, packaging and technology assessment. Altogether, our results indicate that TAPCells vaccines constitute an exceptional Chilean national innovation of international value.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rachul CM, Percec I, Caulfield T. The Fountain of Stem Cell-Based Youth? Online Portrayals of Anti-Aging Stem Cell Technologies. Aesthet Surg J 2015; 35:730-6. [PMID: 25922365 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sju111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hype surrounding stem cell science has created a market opportunity for the cosmetic industry. Cosmetic and anti-aging products and treatments that make claims regarding stem cell technology are increasingly popular, despite a lack of evidence for safety and efficacy of such products. OBJECTIVES This study explores how stem cell-based products and services are portrayed to the public through online sources, in order to gain insight into the key messages available to consumers. METHODS A content analysis of 100 web pages was conducted to examine the portrayals of stem cell-based cosmetic and anti-aging products and treatments. A qualitative discourse analysis of one web page further examined how language contributes to the portrayals of these products and treatments to public audiences. RESULTS The majority of web pages portrayed stem cell-based products as ready for public use. Very few web pages substantiated claims with scientific evidence, and even fewer mentioned any risks or limitations associated with stem cell science. The discourse analysis revealed that the framing and use of metaphor obscures the certainty of the efficacy of and length of time for stem cell-based anti-aging technology to be publicly available. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to educate patients and the public on the current limits of stem cell applications in this context. In addition, generating scientific evidence for stem cell-based anti-aging and aesthetic applications is needed for optimizing benefits and minimizing adverse effects for the public. Having more evidence on efficacy and risks will help to protect patients who are eagerly seeking out these treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christen M Rachul
- Ms Rachul is a PhD Candidate in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies, School of Linguistics and Language Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Epigenetics Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Professor Caulfield is the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy; Trudeau Fellow and Professor, Faculty of Law and School of Public Health; and Research Director, Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ivona Percec
- Ms Rachul is a PhD Candidate in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies, School of Linguistics and Language Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Epigenetics Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Professor Caulfield is the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy; Trudeau Fellow and Professor, Faculty of Law and School of Public Health; and Research Director, Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Timothy Caulfield
- Ms Rachul is a PhD Candidate in Applied Linguistics and Language Studies, School of Linguistics and Language Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Dr Percec is an Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Epigenetics Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Professor Caulfield is the Canada Research Chair in Health Law and Policy; Trudeau Fellow and Professor, Faculty of Law and School of Public Health; and Research Director, Health Law Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Mosahebi
- Dr Mosahebi is a Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Buongiorno A, Pierossi N. [Effectiveness of pidotimod in combination with bacterial lysates in the treatment of the pfapa (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome]. Minerva Pediatr 2015; 67:219-226. [PMID: 25941128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome is the most common autoinflammatory syndrome in pediatrics, accepted as an hyperimmune condition. Pidotimod is a molecule with immunomodulatory activity on both innate and adaptive immune responses; it also has the capacity to modulate the function of the respiratory epithelial cells through the activation of a NK-KB pathway which would involve the host-virus interaction. Moreover, the proven beneficial effect of Pidotimod in enhancing the immune response during vaccination, and its benefits in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, should be noted. METHODS A joint combination of Pidotimod and bacterial lysates was used to treat 37 children with a clinical diagnosis of PFAPA; within the end of the first year of therapy, the healing rate of PFAPA symptoms was 67.5% (25 children), with a 10.8% (4 cases) still in complete remission within the end of the second year of follow-up. RESULTS It is important to highlight that 29 children (78.3%) had benefitted from this therapy, in terms of healing, with a marked decrease in the incidence of fever from a total of 360 to 106 episodes, and episodes of periodic fever occurring almost 4 times less frequently. The use of Pidotimod determined a significant reduction of surgical tonsillectomy's treatment. CONCLUSION This approach had a strong impact on the children's quality of life; a significant decrement in the use of antipyretic drugs, as well as a lower rate of antibiotic prescription, were also noted. It also had a dramatic impact on families' lives, because the treatment lowers the number of absences of family members from work or school/kindergarten.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Buongiorno
- Dipartimento di Otorinolaringologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italia -
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the health economic impact of OM-85, a bacterial lysates based immunostimulant, for its approved indications in China. METHODS A cost-effectiveness decision tree model was constructed comparing OM-85 with the best supportive care/placebo therapy for managing the acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and rhinosinusitis in the Chinese population. Clinical efficacy and adverse events (AE) data were included in the model based on a thorough literature review. All localized direct treatment costs, including drug cost, AE costs, and medical treatment costs for underlining diseases were included from a Chinese third party payer perspective. A Key Opinion Leaders (KOL) survey was conducted with 20 senior physicians specialized in respiratory, ENT, allergy, and immunology fields from tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Shenyang, and Wuhan to validate the local treatment costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated based on the above efficacy and cost information. RESULTS OM-85 is a cost-effective therapy when compared with placebo (standard care). OM-85 can treat/prevent one additional full episode exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and one additional full episode exacerbation of rhinosinusitis with only additional costs of RMB 653 and RMB 1182.84, respectively. In comparison, each acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis will cost RMB 4510.10, and each acute exacerbation of rhinosinuisitis will cost RMB 1807.21 in a Chinese clinical management setting. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed and the ICER result was demonstrated to be consistent. CONCLUSIONS OM 85 reduces acute exacerbations among patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic rhinosinusitis when compared with Placebo (standard care). From a Chinese payer perspective, OM 85 is a cost-effective therapy in the clinical management of both chronic bronchitis and rhinosinusitis in the adult population.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ivanova ON, Argunova EF, Alekseev SN, Ystugina TV, Varfolomeev AR, Troev IP, Kononova IV, Egorova VE. ADAPTIVE MECHANISMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN CHILDREN IN FAR NORTH. Wiad Lek 2015; 68:534-536. [PMID: 26887130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the probleme of modern Pediatrics pathology of the immune system in children with complicated viral infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the immune and cytokine status in children with complicated acute respiratory viral infections. The study included 100 children are often ill respiratory virus infections (more than 8 times per year) from age 0 to 7 years, and 30 children with upper respiratory tract infection; no more than 1 time per year-the control group. The standards of indicators developed by the staff of Immunological laboratory Diagnostic center of the Ministry of health of Republic Sakha (Yakutia ) together with the Institute of health of the Republic Sakha (Yakutia). Statistical calculations made on the basis of applied programs "SAS"and "SPSS"In the analysis of contingency tables (estimates of the correlation of the characteristic and evaluation of significance of differences between groups) used the criterion of 2 (Pearson and likelihood ratio and Fisher's exact test. Comparison of mean values was performed univariate analysis of variance using T-student criterion for assessing the equality of mean F-Fisher test to assess equality of variance. Extreme climatic conditions ofthe far North have an impact on immunological mechanisms. In the analysis of changes ofthe immune status revealed the greatest decline in T-cell level and components of complement in children with complications of viral respiratory infections. In children with complicated respiratory viral infections reduced cellular immunity (CD3+, CD41, CD81, CD+, CD 22+). In children with complicated respiratory viral infections decrease levels ofcytokines (IFN-y FN0-d), indicating about the risk of the formation of complications of respiratory viral infections. As a result of drug therapy of broncho-vaxom marked improvement in immune status and the absence of recurrence of respiratory viral infections within the next 3 months after therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodriguez-Flores A, Nuñez-Fernandez G, Estrada-Garcia I, Aguilar-Santelises M, Rojas-Espinosa O, Estrada-Parra S. Adjuvant treatment with a dialyzable leukocytes extract contributes to maintain HPV-infected women free of low-grade cervical lesions. EUR J GYNAECOL ONCOL 2015; 36:655-661. [PMID: 26775346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To investigate if adjuvant treatment with a dialyzable extract of leukocytes (DLE), may help HPV-infected patients with low-grade intraepithelial squamous cervical lesions (LIS) to get free of HPV infection and cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with untreated, low-grade cervical lesions were treated either with surgery (Group A) or with DLE (Group B). Pa- tients with low-grade but recurrent cervical lesions were newly treated with surgery plus DLE (Group C). RESULTS A decreased or ab- sent cervical lesion correlated with a diminished or absent HPV viral load at one year of treatment (r = 0.6,p <0.05). Seventy-nine percent of Group B but only 50 % of Group C and 38 % of Group A patients were free of cervical lesion after 24 months of treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present data support the benefit of adding DLE as adjuvant for treating HPV-infected women with LIS.
Collapse
|
21
|
Griet M, Zelaya H, Mateos MV, Salva S, Juarez GE, de Valdez GF, Villena J, Salvador GA, Rodriguez AV. Soluble factors from Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 have anti-inflammatory effects in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110027. [PMID: 25329163 PMCID: PMC4201513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Lactobacillus reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors were able to reduce TNF-α production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The aims of this study were to determine whether L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors were able to modulate in vitro the inflammatory response triggered by LPS in murine macrophages, to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in the immunoregulatory effect, and to evaluate in vivo its capacity to exert anti-inflammatory actions in acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice. In vitro assays demonstrated that L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, COX-2, and Hsp70) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, and IL-6) caused by the stimulation of macrophages with LPS. NF-kB and PI3K inhibition by L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors contributed to these inhibitory effects. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway and the diminished expression of CD14 could be involved in the immunoregulatory effect. In addition, our in vivo data proved that the LPS-induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cells recruitment to the airways and inflammatory lung tissue damage were reduced in L. reuteri CRL1098 soluble factors treated mice, providing a new way to reduce excessive pulmonary inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Griet
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Hortensia Zelaya
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Melina Valeria Mateos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Salva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Esteban Juarez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Graciela Font de Valdez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Julio Villena
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - Ana Virginia Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liao JY, Zhang T. [Influence of OM-85 BV on hBD-1 and immunoglobulin in children with asthma and recurrent respiratory tract infection]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2014; 16:508-512. [PMID: 24857002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of OM-85 BV(OM-85 Broncho-Vaxom) in children with asthma and recurrent respiratory tract infection, and the effect of OM-85 BV on human β-defensins 1 (hBD-1) and immunoglobulin levels. METHODS Sixty-two children with asthma and recurrent respiratory infection treated between 2011 January and December were divided into two groups by the randomized, double blind method: a treatment group and a control group. With inhaling corticosteroids, the treatment group was given OM-85 BV, and the control group was given a placebo. Clinical curative effects and adverse reactions were observed. Serum levels of hBD-1, IgA, IgG, IgM and urea and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured before treatment and 6 months and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS Compared with the control group and before treatment, the frequency of respiratory tract infection was reduced in the treatment group 6 months and 12 months after treatment (P<0.05), and serum levels of hBD-1, IgA and IgG in the treatment group increased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum levels of urea, ALT and IgM between the control and treatment groups (P>0.05). Mild adverse reactions occurred in 3 cases in the two groups, 2 cases of abdominal pain and 1 cases of constipation. CONCLUSIONS OM-85 BV can improve serum levels of hBD-1, IgA and IgG, reduce the occurrence of acute respiratory tract infection and cause mild adverse reactions, suggesting its satisfactory therapeutic effect and safety in the treatment of asthma combined with recurrent respiratory tract infection in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Liao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Children's Hospital of Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510115, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fu R, Li J, Zhong H, Yu D, Zeng X, Deng M, Sun Y, Wen W, Li H. Broncho-Vaxom attenuates allergic airway inflammation by restoring GSK3β-related T regulatory cell insufficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92912. [PMID: 24667347 PMCID: PMC3965496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral administration of bacterial extracts (eg, Broncho-Vaxom (BV)) has been proposed to attenuate asthma through modulating Treg cells. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully characterized. This study sought to assess the effects of oral administration of BV on GSK-3β expression and Treg cells in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice models. Method Asthmatic mice models were established with OVA challenge and treated with oral administration of BV. Next, infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophil and neutrophils, mucous metaplasia, levels of Th1/Th2/Treg-typed cytokines and expression of GSK3β and Foxp3 were examined in asthmatic mice models by histological analysis, Bio-Plex and western blot, respectively. Moreover, the frequencies of Treg cells were evaluated in cultured splenocytes by flow cytometry in the presence of BV or GSK3β siRNA interference. Results We found significant decrease of infiltrated inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in asthmatic mice models after oral administration of BV. Oral administration of BV was shown to significantly suppress mucus metaplasia, Th2-typed cytokine levels and GSK3β expression while increasing Foxp3 production in asthmatic mice models. Moreover, BV significantly enhanced GSK3β-related expansion of Treg cells in cultured spleen cells in vitro. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that oral administration of BV is capable of attenuating airway inflammation in asthmatic mice models, which may be associated with GSK3β-related expansion of Treg cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Fu
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianping Zeng
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Deng
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Sun
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Wen
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (HL)
| | - Huabin Li
- Allergy and Cancer Center, Otorhinolarygology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WW); (HL)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Misuno K, Tran SD, Khalili S, Huang J, Liu Y, Hu S. Quantitative analysis of protein and gene expression in salivary glands of Sjogren's-like disease NOD mice treated by bone marrow soup. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87158. [PMID: 24489858 PMCID: PMC3906116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow cell extract (termed as BM Soup) has been demonstrated to repair irradiated salivary glands (SGs) and restore saliva secretion in our previous study. In the present study, we aim to investigate if the function of damaged SGs in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can be restored by BM Soup treatment and the molecular alterations associated with the treatment. Methods Whole BM cells were lysed and soluble intracellular contents (“BM Soup”) were injected I.V. into NOD mice. Tandem mass tagging with 2-D liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to quantify proteins in the submandibular glands (SMGs) between untreated and BM Soup-treated mice. Quantitative PCR was used to identify genes with altered expression in the treated mice. Results BM Soup restored salivary flow rates to normal levels and significantly reduced the focus scores of SMGs in NOD mice. More than 1800 proteins in SMG cells were quantified by the proteomic approach. Many SMG proteins involved in inflammation and apoptosis were found to be down-regulated whereas those involved in salivary gland biology and development/regeneration were up-regulated in the BM Soup-treated mice. qPCR analysis also revealed expression changes of growth factors and cytokines in the SMGs of the treated NOD mice. Conclusion BM Soup treatment is effective to restore the function of damaged SGs in NOD mice. Through gene/protein expression analysis, we have found that BM Soup treatment might effectuate via inhibiting apoptosis, focal adhesion and inflammation whereas promoting development, regeneration and differentiation of the SG cells in NOD mice. These findings provide important insights on the potential mechanisms underlying the BM Soup treatment for functional restoration of damaged SGs in NOD mice. Additional studies are needed to further confirm the identified target genes and their related signaling pathways that are responsible for the BM Soup treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Misuno
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (SH); (SH)
| | - Saeed Khalili
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Junwei Huang
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Younan Liu
- Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shen Hu
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SH); (SH)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vannucci L, Krizan J, Sima P, Stakheev D, Caja F, Rajsiglova L, Horak V, Saieh M. Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans (Review). Int J Oncol 2013; 43:357-64. [PMID: 23739801 PMCID: PMC3775562 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New foods and natural biological modulators have recently become of scientific interest in the investigation of the value of traditional medical therapeutics. Glucans have an important part in this renewed interest. These fungal wall components are claimed to be useful for various medical purposes and they are obtained from medicinal mushrooms commonly used in traditional Oriental medicine. The immunotherapeutic properties of fungi extracts have been reported, including the enhancement of anticancer immunity responses. These properties are principally related to the stimulation of cells of the innate immune system. The discovery of specific receptors for glucans on dendritic cells (dectin-1), as well as interactions with other receptors, mainly expressed by innate immune cells (e.g., Toll-like receptors, complement receptor-3), have raised new attention toward these products as suitable therapeutic agents. We briefly review the characteristics of the glucans from mycelial walls as modulators of the immunity and their possible use as antitumor treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Vannucci
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Department of Immunology and Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, v.v.i., 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gambashidze K, Khorava P, Azaladze T, Kalandarishvili K, Jaiani E, Lasareishvil B, Azaladze A, Tediashvili M. Antitumor and adjuvant effects of phagelysates of E.coli in mice with Ehrlich carcinoma. Exp Oncol 2012; 34:107-111. [PMID: 23013762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To augment anti-tumor host response and overcome the tumor-induced immunosuppression is of paramount importance especially when patient is subjected to radio-/chemotherapy and immune system suffers significantly. Various immunological methods have been employed as supplemental antitumor therapies. We were aimed to investigate the antitumor potential of phagelysates of gram-negative bacteria and their adjuvant effects for conventional chemotherapy in experiment. METHODS Bacterial phagelysates of E.coli and purified suspensions of corresponding Un bacteriophage were obtained by standard methods of phage research. Experiments were carried out on BL57C/6J mice bearing transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma. Different regimens of phagelysate administration (0,5 ml E. coli phagelysate, 3/8 times with 5 day intervals) and conventional chemotherapy (combination of Doxorubicin 60 mg/m2, Cyclophosphan 800 mg/m(2), Ftoruracil 600 mg/m(2), 3 times with 21 day intervals) were tested. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by tumor growth inhibition percent, index of malignant growth, lifespan and survival percent. RESULTS Experiments have shown that application of optimal doses of E. coli phagelysate can be well tolerated in mice. No stimulation or support of malignant growth was observed. E. coli phagelysate exhibited significant anticancer effect and adjuvant efficacy. Cancer development was delayed in 65% of inoculated animals in the test group. E. coli phagelysate inhibited tumor growth by 80-90% without apparent side effects. The mice survival was prolonged twice and more. On 65th-69th days of tumor growth in 13% animals complete regression of neoplasms was registered. Application of phagelysates in combination with chemotherapy significantly increased antitumor efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. CONCLUSION Application of bacterial phagelysates can be considered as promising novel strategy in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Gambashidze
- Pathophysiology Department, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gambashidze KG, Khorava PA, Kalandarishvili KG, Lasareishvili BG, Dzhaiani EG, Azaladze AT, Tediashvili MI. [Application of bacterial thermo-and phagelysates for suppression of malignant tumor growth in experimental studies: 1. Anticancer efficacy of thermo- and phagelysates of E.coli]. Georgian Med News 2012:42-47. [PMID: 22392782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is considered as one of the promising treatment strategies for patients with malignant tumors. In the presented work antitumor effects of E.coli thermo- and phagelysates on Ehrlich carcinoma growth in mice have been studied. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by estimation of dynamic changes in volume of cancer tissue and by the percentage of cancer growth inhibition. Semi-empirical mathematical model, describing cancer volume variations in relation to time, passed after Ehrlich carcinoma inoculation was elaborated. It was shown that at the early stage of cancer growth both tested bacterial preparations significantly inhibit cancer growth. Antitumor treatment effects were better expressed in animal studies using bacterial phagelysates in comparison to that of thermolysates. After cessation of administration of bacterial preparations a prolonged antitumor activity in animals treated with E. coli phagelysates was demonstrated.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gurov AV, Muzhichkova AV, Nabieva TT. [Clinico-immunological substantiation of bacterial lyzates use in otorinolaringology]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2012:102-107. [PMID: 22833885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|
29
|
Karaca NE, Gulez N, Aksu G, Azarsiz E, Kutukculer N. Does OM-85 BV prophylaxis trigger autoimmunity in IgA deficient children? Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1747-51. [PMID: 21771668 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA deficiency (IgAD) is the most common primary antibody deficiency. Although two-third of the cases are reported to be asymptomatic, some IgAD children may have frequent infections that urge the clinicians to search for prophylactic measures. OM-85 BV is one of these agents that is known to stimulate mucosa associated lymphoid tissue, and upregulate Th-1 response. This study was performed to determine a possible role of OM-85 BV in triggering autoimmunity in IgAD children within a four-year-follow up period. METHODS Sixty-three children (34 males (54%), 29 females (46%)) with sporadic IgAD and recurrent febrile infections were included. Patients were carefully screened for autoimmunity both on admission and in follow-up: Those with autoimmune features or under immunosuppressant treatment were excluded. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group I received bacterial lysate propylaxis (OM-85 BV) (n:37), and Group 2 received no prophylactic regimen (n:26). Development of clinical autoimmune findings or autoantibodies (anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), ANA profile (14 antigens), anti-cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), anti-cardiolipin antibodies IgG and IgM (aCL), rheumatoid factor (RF), direct Coombs test, anti-thyroglobulin (anti-T) and anti-thyroid microsomal antigen (anti-M)) were evaluated. RESULTS Mean age of the study group, age at the onset of infectious symptoms and at admission were 102.9±42.2, 27.1±24.9, and 55.2±25.1 months, respectively. Follow-up duration of the whole study group was 48.3±23.1 months. Number of infections was 6.2±2.7 per year in the whole study group. Sixteen patients (25.4%) of the whole study group showed ANA positivity in different patterns and titers. Frequency of ANA, ANCA and RF positivity was 24.3%, 5.4%, 2.7% in Group 1, and 26.9%, 11.5%, 3.8% in Group 2, respectively. Statistical comparisons revealed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Significant clinical or laboratory markers for autoimmunity in follow-up were not observed between receivers or non-receivers of OM-85 BV. Frequency of ANA positivity was comparable to the previously reported values in IgAD children which was not affected by OM-85 BV usage. Possible effect of triggering autoimmunity with repeated cures of bacterial lysates needs to be further clarified. Side effects requiring the cessation of treatment were not recorded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Edeer Karaca
- Ege University, The Medical School, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Weinberger M. Can we prevent exacerbations of asthma caused by common cold viruses? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:770-1. [PMID: 20920767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
31
|
Razi CH, Harmancı K, Abacı A, Özdemir O, Hızlı S, Renda R, Keskin F. The immunostimulant OM-85 BV prevents wheezing attacks in preschool children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:763-9. [PMID: 20920766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reagents have been shown to be effective in preventing wheezing attacks provoked by acute respiratory tract illnesses (ARTIs) in preschool children. New therapeutic agents and preventive strategies are needed. OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of OM-85 BV (Broncho-Vaxom; OM Pharma, Geneva, Switzerland) in preventing ARTI-provoked wheezing attacks in preschool children with recurrent wheezing. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was carried out between August 2007 and September 2008. The study included 75 children with recurrent wheezing who were 1 to 6 years old. Participants were randomly assigned to groups given either OM-85 BV or a placebo (1 capsule per day for 10 days each month for 3 consecutive months) at the start of the trial. Participants were followed for 12 months, which included the administration period of the test article. RESULTS Subjects given OM-85 BV had a lower rate of wheezing attacks. The cumulative difference in wheezing attacks between the 2 groups was 2.18 wheezing attacks per patient in 12 months; there was a 37.9% reduction in the group given OM-85 BV compared with the group given placebo (P < .001). Stepwise multiple (linear) regression analysis showed that the main difference between the OM-85 BV and placebo groups was a reduction the number of ARTIs (R = -0.805, P < .001). The duration of each wheezing attack was 2 days shorter in the group given OM-85 BV than in the group given placebo (P = .001). CONCLUSION Administration of OM-85 BV significantly reduced the rate and duration of wheezing attacks in preschool children with ARTIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cem Hasan Razi
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Kecioren Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Geremicca W, Fonte C, Vecchio S. Blood components for topical use in tissue regeneration: evaluation of corneal lesions treated with platelet lysate and considerations on repair mechanisms. Blood Transfus 2010; 8:107-12. [PMID: 20383304 PMCID: PMC2851214 DOI: 10.2450/2009.0091-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fields of application of topically administered platelet derivatives are numerous and increasing. The use of this blood component is based on the fact that it contains growth factors and proteins of the clotting system. Studies carried out so far have been aimed at identifying these substances, assaying their content in the various types of platelet concentrate used, determining the in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of action, and trying to standardise the production methods. However, much still remains to be discovered, not only about the growth factors, but also about all those cytokines and biochemical mediators that are involved in the processes of tissue regeneration. METHODS We studied the use of platelet lysate, obtained from platelet-rich plasma which had been frozen, for the treatment of corneal ulcers caused by neurotrophic keratitis and of epithelial and stromal loss following physical or chemical trauma. The platelet lysate was administered in the form of eye drops to patients who had not responded to conventional therapy and who were at risk of corneal scarring. RESULTS The results were satisfactory in terms of both tissue regeneration and healing time. The clinical follow-up showed a clear reduction in the time of regeneration of the damaged epithelium and stabilisation of the repair process. The epithelial defects disappeared completely in all the treated eyes within 6 to 32 days, with the time depending on the type of lesion and the severity of the damage. CONCLUSIONS The cornea reacts to damage by releasing numerous substances, including cytokines, growth factors, proteases and neuropeptides in order to restore its anatomical integrity. A change in the balance between inhibitory and stimulating substances can lead to the development of complications. Fast, correct re-epithelialisation is fundamental for the formation of new, transparent tissue. The use of non-gelified platelet-rich plasma was found to be effective in all cases with loss of epithelium, such as post-herpetic corneal ulcers or ulcers occurring following trauma or exposure to caustic substances.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim KS, Kim JY, Jeong IG, Paick JS, Son H, Lim DJ, Shim HB, Park WH, Jung HC, Choo MS. A prospective multi-center trial of Escherichia coli extract for the prophylactic treatment of patients with chronically recurrent cystitis. J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25:435-9. [PMID: 20191044 PMCID: PMC2826739 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.3.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have assessed the efficacy and safety of Escherichia coli extract (ECE; Uro-Vaxom) which contains active immunostimulating fractions, in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent cystitis. Forty-two patients with more than 2 episodes of cystitis in the proceeding 6 months were treated for 3 months with one capsule daily of ECE and observed for a further 6 months. The primary efficacy criterion was the number of episodes of recurrent cystitis during the 6 months after treatment compared to those during the 6 months before treatment. At the end of the 9-month trial, 34 patients (all women) were eligible for statistical analysis. Their mean age was 56.4 yr (range, 34-75 yr), and they had experienced recurrent urinary tract infections for 7.2+/-5.2 yr. The number of recurrences was significantly lower during the 6-month follow-up period than during the 6 months preceding the trial (0.35 vs. 4.26, P<0.001). During the follow-up, 28 (82.4%) patients had no recurrences and 4 (11.8%) had 1 each. In patients who relapsed, ECE alleviated cystitis symptoms, including painful voiding, frequency and urgency. There were no serious adverse events related to the study drug. Our study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of ECE in the prophylactic treatment of chronically recurrent cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Suk Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Gab Jeong
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Paick
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwancheol Son
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Jung Lim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong Bang Shim
- Department of Urology, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Hee Park
- Department of Urology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Jung
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung-Soo Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Balunas MJ, Su B, Brueggemeier RW, Kinghorn AD. Natural products as aromatase inhibitors. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2008; 8:646-82. [PMID: 18690828 PMCID: PMC3074486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With the clinical success of several synthetic aromatase inhibitors (AIs) in the treatment of postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, researchers have also been investigating the potential of natural products as AIs. Natural products from terrestrial and marine organisms provide a chemically diverse array of compounds not always available through current synthetic chemistry techniques. Natural products that have been used traditionally for nutritional or medicinal purposes (e.g., botanical dietary supplements) may also afford AIs with reduced side effects. A thorough review of the literature regarding natural product extracts and secondary metabolites of plant, microbial, and marine origin that have been shown to exhibit aromatase inhibitory activity is presented herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcy J. Balunas
- Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 6061, USA
| | - Bin Su
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321, USA
| | - Robert W. Brueggemeier
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321, USA
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4321, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rozy A, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Bacterial immunostimulants--mechanism of action and clinical application in respiratory diseases. Pneumonol Alergol Pol 2008; 76:353-359. [PMID: 19003766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity towards bacteria might be achieved as a result of natural processes following infection, or as a consequence of medical intervention including vaccination, administration of immunoglobulins or therapy with immunostimulants derived from bacteria. Bacterial immunostimulants (ISs) containing bacterial lysate (OM-85 BV, LW 50020) or components of bacterial cells (ribosomal extracts) were shown to induce a non-specific response (i.e. intensification of phagocytosis) but also to orchestrate both cellular (B, T cell stimulation) and humoral responses (antibodies and proinflammatory cytokines production). Therefore, the duality of their immunomodulatory activity mimics or, to a certain extent, repeats the immune response evoked by the intrusion of a pathogen into the human body, which is initially non-specific, but subsequently becomes specific. However, their clinical efficacy in the prevention of respiratory tract infection (RTI) is still debated. This article reviews their mechanism of action, as well as the available clinical data, discussing the pros and cons of their use in the prevention of RITs in children and adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rozy
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw Head of the Laboratory, Warsaw.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Antonova LP, Romanov VV, Averbakh MM. [Experience with bronchomunal used in the combined treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Probl Tuberk Bolezn Legk 2008:8-11. [PMID: 18509908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of treatment in 30 patients aged 16-59 years who have bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by using a bacterial vaccine (bronchomunal) containing antigens of opportunistic bacteria: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus piogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis. Immunotherapy with the vaccine had good and excellent effects in 73.33 of cases; the mean duration of acute respiratory viral infection decreased from 16 to 9 days after vaccination and a need for antibiotics. In the comparison group, a good effect was noted in 40% of the patients during one-year follow-up; the difference was statistically significant. The vaccine's tolerance was good; only 3 (9.9%) patients were observed to have vaccination-induced complications: exacerbations of chronic maxillary sinusitis and chronic bronchitis in 2 and 1 patients, respectively. The positive effect of bronchomunal was associated with the better values of cellular immunity, stabilized phagocytosis, and lower IgE levels.
Collapse
|
37
|
Tanaka R, Ichioka S, Sekiya N, Ohura N, Uchino S, Ojima A, Itoh Y, Ishihara O, Nakatsuka T, Ikebuchi K. Elastic plasma protein film blended with platelet releasate accelerates healing of diabetic mouse skin wounds. Vox Sang 2007; 93:49-56. [PMID: 17547565 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2007.00913.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The growth factors derived from platelets and plasma proteins mediate the wound-healing process that is characterized by the sequential migration and differentiation of several cell populations that give rise to angiogenesis, collagen synthesis, wound contraction, and re-epithelialization. To evaluate the efficacy of the blood-derived factors in wound healing, we examined a novel wound dressing consisting of concentrated human plasma proteins and platelet releasate (CPPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS To generate CPPP, plasma proteins and platelets in the peripheral blood (n = 5) were concentrated with the cold ethanol precipitation method. The thrombin obtained from the same blood unit and calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) were mixed to a concentrate. The CPPP has enough strength to dress cutaneous wounds and contains large amounts of cytokines and fibronectin. We applied the CPPP to excisional skin wounds in genetically healing-impaired model mice (n= 5) and the wounds were evaluated 10 days after the operation. RESULTS The area of CPPP-treated wounds decreased significantly compared with that of the control wounds (65% vs. 94% of the original size, respectively, P= 0.032). The immunostained section revealed a striking effect of CPPP on vascularization compared with the control wounds (13.2 vs. 2.7 vessels per mm(2) as mean vascular density observed in the sections, respectively, P= 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CPPP is a promising biologically active dressing for full-thickness skin wounds. CPPP can be an entirely autologous biological dressing, suggesting that it is free from the risk of transmission of pathogens through blood products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Tanaka
- Department of Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Saitama Medical School Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bae SM, Kim YW, Kwak SY, Kim YW, Ro DY, Shin JC, Park CH, Han SJ, Oh CH, Kim CK, Ahn WS. Photodynamic therapy-generated tumor cell lysates with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide enhance immunotherapy efficacy in human papillomavirus 16 (E6/E7) immortalized tumor cells. Cancer Sci 2007; 98:747-52. [PMID: 17425690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers great promise as a new alternative for cancer treatment; however, its use remains experimental. In this study, we examined the immunotherapeutic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV)-immortalized tumor cell lysates induced by PDT with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). PDT-cell lysates were generated by irradiating Radachlorin (5 microg/mL) preloaded TC-1 cells carrying HPV 16 E7. PDT-cell lysates plus ODN coinjection for protection against E7-expressing tumors as well as specific immune responses were evaluated with the following tests: heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in vitro and in vivo tumor growth inhibition, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) assay, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. PDT-cell lysates plus ODN coinjection showed a significant suppression of tumor growth at both prophylactic and therapeutic levels, compared to PDT (or F/T)-cell lysates or ODN alone. In addition, we evaluated the level of the immune response with the coinjection. HSP70, an important regulator of inflammatory and immune response, was observed in abundance in the PDT-cell lysates. IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses were induced by PDT-cell lysates plus ODN injection. The coinjection resulted in PDT-cell lysate-specific antibodies (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3) and T-helper cell responses significantly higher than PDT-cell lysates alone. Moreover, IFN-gamma production and CTL responses were significantly induced in the PDT-cell lysate plus ODN immunized groups. These enhanced immune responses appeared to be mediated by CD8+ T cells only. These data suggest that PDT-cell lysates plus ODN injection may be an effective approach to induce CTL immune responses as a possible immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mi Bae
- Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-040, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang SK, Yeo JE, Kang KS, Phinney DG. Cytoplasmic extracts from adipose tissue stromal cells alleviates secondary damage by modulating apoptosis and promotes functional recovery following spinal cord injury. Brain Pathol 2007; 17:263-75. [PMID: 17465991 PMCID: PMC8095508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2007.00070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) typically results from sustained trauma to the spinal cord, resulting in loss of neurologic function at the level of the injury. However, activation of various physiological mechanisms secondary to the initial trauma including edema, inflammation, excito-toxicity, excessive cytokine release and apoptosis may exacerbate the injury and/or retard natural repair mechanisms. Herein, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic extracts prepared from adipose tissue stromal cells (ATSCs) inhibits H(2)O(2)-mediated apoptosis of cultured spinal cord-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) resulting in increased cell survival. The ATSC extracts mediated this effect by decreasing caspase-3 and c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) activity, inhibiting cytochrome c release from mitochondria and reducing Bax expression levels in cells. Direct injection of ATSC extracts mixed with Matrigel into the spinal cord immediately after SCI also resulted in reduced apoptotic cell death, astrogliosis and hypo-myelination but did not reduce the extent of microglia infiltration. Moreover, animals injected with the ATSC extract showed significant functional improvement of hind limbs as measured by the BBB (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan) scale. Collectively, these studies show a prominent therapeutic effect of ATSC cytoplasmic extracts on SCI principally caused by an inhibition of apoptosis-mediated cell death, which spares white matter, oligodendrocytes and neurons at the site of injury. The ability of ATSC extracts to prevent secondary pathological events and improve neurologic function after SCI suggests that extracts prepared from autologous cells harvested from SCI patients may have clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Kang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, 1-10 Ami-Dong, Busan 602-739, South Korea.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huff GR, Huff WE, Rath NC, Solis de Los Santos F, Farnell MB, Donoghue AM. Influence of Hen Age on the Response of Turkey Poults to Cold Stress, Escherichia coli Challenge, and Treatment with a Yeast Extract Antibiotic Alternative. Poult Sci 2007; 86:636-42. [PMID: 17369533 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.4.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two battery experiments were conducted to evaluate a commercial yeast extract feed supplement, Alphamune, in a cold stress-Escherichia coli challenge of 1-wk-old turkeys. Experiment 1 used 1-d-old male poults that were the progeny of 33-wk-old hens in their second week of lay. Experiment 2 used male poults of the same genetic line from 40-wk-old hens in their eighth week of lay. Poults were fed a standard unmedicated turkey starter diet or the same diet with either a low level (504 g/t) or a high level (1,008 g/t) of yeast extract. Challenged birds were exposed to intermittent cold stress during wk 1 to 3 and to a respiratory E. coli challenge at 1 wk of age. In both experiments, BW at wk 1 was increased by feeding yeast extract. In experiment 1, challenged, control-fed birds had decreased BW at wk 3 and feed conversion was protected by both levels of yeast extract supplementation. In experiment 2, challenge had no effect on control-fed birds; however, yeast extract decreased the BW of challenged birds. In experiment 1, total leukocyte numbers were decreased by challenge of control-fed birds only, and there was no effect of challenge on the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. In experiment 2, total leukocyte numbers were decreased and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio was increased in challenged, control-fed birds. Percentage mortality was not affected by challenge in experiment 1; however, in experiment 2, mortality was increased by challenge of control-fed birds and those fed the lower level of yeast extract. These results suggest that hen age should be considered when designing studies to evaluate antibiotic alternatives and in making decisions for incorporating such alternatives into production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G R Huff
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
OM-85 BV is an immunomodulatory agent used for prevention of exacerbations in persons with chronic lung disease. We conducted a systematic review of OM-85 BV to evaluate its efficacy and safety. A systematic search for relevant articles was performed. Studies were included if they involved persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic bronchitis and were randomized to OM-85 BV or placebo. Investigators extracted data on study design, participant characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Thirteen trials involving 2066 individuals met inclusion criteria. Three trials enrolled an older, more homogenous population with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Utilizing quantitative pooled analysis in these studies, with one or more acute exacerbations as the endpoint, we found a non-statistically significant trend in favor of OM-85 BV [relative risk 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.65-1.05]. Ten trials enrolled a heterogeneous population with chronic bronchitis. In these trials, exacerbation rates were less with OM-85 BV in 4 of 9 trials reporting this outcome. Varied results in the outcomes of hospitalization, symptom scores, and antibiotic or steroid use were found across studies. Withdrawals and adverse events were similar between OM-85 BV and placebo. While OM-85 BV is used to prevent exacerbations in persons with chronic lung disease, consistent evidence across multiple important outcomes does not exist to clearly demonstrate clinical benefit. Further randomized controlled trials enrolling large numbers of persons with well-defined COPD are necessary to confirm the effectiveness of this agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Sprenkle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Pulmonary Medicine 865B, 701 Park Ave., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lanzilli G, Falchetti R, Cottarelli A, Macchi A, Ungheri D, Fuggetta MP. In vivo effect of an immunostimulating bacterial lysate on human B lymphocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2006; 19:551-9. [PMID: 17026840 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate in humans the mechanism by which the oral vaccine Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate (PMBL) can rapidly mobilize specific immune response and evaluate the efficacy of its immunostimulating activity in preventing recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract (URTIs) in a group of patients with a medical history of URTI recurrence. Patients received, by sublingual route, PBML, an immunostimulating lysate obtained by mechanical lysis of the most common bacteria responsible for upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment was administered for 10 consecutive days/month for 3 consecutive months. After the end of the treatment period the patients were followed up for an additional 3 months. The frequency of IgM memory B cells and the expression of the activation marker CD25 in peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured using the flow cytometric method before the start and at days 30 and 90 of the treatment cycle. To correlate clinical results to immunological parameters, the patients were monitored at different time-points during the treatment and at the end of follow-up period. The results showed that PMBL exerts a therapeutic and preventing effect in acute and recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract and that this effect correlated with the activation and enhancement of both IgM memory B lymphocytes (CD24+/CD27+ cells) and IL2 receptor-expressing lymphocytes (CD25+ cells) involved either in humoral or cellular immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Lanzilli
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Batmonkh Z, Kallinikova VD, Pakhorukova LV, Kravtsov EG, Karpenko LP, Dalin MV. In vivo anticancer activity of lysates from Trypanosoma cruzi of different genetic groups. Bull Exp Biol Med 2006; 142:470-3. [PMID: 17415440 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-006-0395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lyzed epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi clones P209-1, Gamba1, Sp104-1, MASu, Y7/1, MN12, Cl-Brener, 86/2036, Y7/2-1 inhibit the growth of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma in mice. the tumor decreased 1.5-3 times after 12 daily injections of lysates from 15 million epimastigotes. The protective effect progressed after the injections were discontinued and depended on the dose and lysate producer clone. Trypanosoma lysates in the studied doses were nontoxic.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS Some primary laryngeal pathologies with specific clinical presentation may be related to silent laryngeal reflux. An ex adjuvantibus proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment may be helpful for showing evidence of such a hidden laryngeal disorder. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of PPI as an ex adjuvantibus criterion for diagnosis and treatment of suspected reflux-associated laryngitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty patients with clinical suspicion of laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (LPR) were identified on the grounds of laryngeal symptoms (dysphonia, cough, globus sensation, increased throat clearing, bad taste, and laryngeal spasm), laryngeal features (arytenoid edema/erythema, partial or total vocal fold erythema, and posterior glottic edema) with or without gastro-esophageal reflux disorder (GERD). They were consequently subdivided in three groups: type I, with LPR symptoms and features without GERD; type II with LPR symptoms and features with GERD; and type III with LPR features only. Types I and III were randomly treated with omeprazole (group A) or with immunostimulating vaccine (group B) for 3 months. Pre- and post-treatment laryngeal features and symptoms in all groups were evaluated by laryngo-stroboscopy and analyzed for statistical correlation. RESULTS All omeprazole-treated patients showed improvement of laryngeal features and symptoms. With PPI treatment, a more significant improvement was noticed with respect to nonspecific immunostimulant therapy. Also, patients without LPR symptoms showed improvement of laryngeal features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Monini
- Department of Neurology and Otorhinolaryngology, University La Sapienza II Medical School, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Solèr M, Mütterlein R, Cozma G. Double-blind study of OM-85 in patients with chronic bronchitis or mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respiration 2006; 74:26-32. [PMID: 16772707 DOI: 10.1159/000093933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions against acute exacerbations (AEs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are increasingly called for to reduce morbidity, mortality and costs. OM-85, a detoxified immunoactive bacterial extract, has been shown to prevent recurrent exacerbations of bronchitis and COPD. OBJECTIVES It was the aim of this study to demonstrate the protective effect of OM-85 against recurrent bronchitic exacerbations in patients with chronic bronchitis or mild COPD. The primary end point was the mean rate of AEs occurring within the study period. METHODS This double-blind multi-centre study enrolled adult outpatients>40 years old of both sexes with a history of chronic bronchitis or mild COPD at the time of an AE. The treatment consisted of one capsule of OM-85 or placebo per day for 30 days, followed by three 10-day courses for months 3, 4 and 5, with a 6-month study duration and monthly control visits. RESULTS One hundred and forty-two patients were treated with OM-85 and 131 received placebo. By the end of the treatment period, the mean number of AEs in the OM-85 group was 0.61 per patient versus 0.86 per patient in the placebo group (-29%; p=0.03). The difference between treatments was most notable in patients with a history of current or past smoking (-40%; p<0.01). No serious adverse events were attributed to the medication and no significant laboratory changes were reported. CONCLUSIONS OM-85 significantly reduced the frequency of AEs in patients with a history of chronic bronchitis and mild COPD and was well tolerated. This study confirms the findings of previous trials conducted in elderly patients with chronic bronchitis or COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solèr
- Pneumologie, St. Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alyanakian MA, Grela F, Aumeunier A, Chiavaroli C, Gouarin C, Bardel E, Normier G, Chatenoud L, Thieblemont N, Bach JF. Transforming growth factor-beta and natural killer T-cells are involved in the protective effect of a bacterial extract on type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2006. [PMID: 16380491 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The onset of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice is delayed by oral administration of a bacterial extract (OM-85) and can be completely prevented by its intraperitoneal administration. Optimal prevention is observed when starting treatment at 3 or 6 weeks of age, and some effect is still observed with treatment at 10 weeks of age. Using genetically deficient mice and cytokine-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, we demonstrate here that the therapeutic effect does not involve T-helper type 2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4 and -10) but is tightly dependent on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Natural killer T-cells also participate in the therapeutic effect because CD1d(-/-) NOD mice are partially resistant to the protective effect of OM-85. The question remains of the specificity of the protective effect of OM-85, which may include proinflammatory components. It will thus be important to further characterize the molecular components that afford protection from type 1 diabetes. Lipopolysaccharide is excluded, but other Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists could be involved because OM-85 stimulated dendritic cells and induced TGF-beta production by splenocytes in a TLR-2-, TLR-4-, and MyD88-dependent fashion.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Aging
- Animals
- Antigens, CD1/genetics
- Bacteria
- Cell Extracts/pharmacology
- Cell Extracts/therapeutic use
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gene Deletion
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Toll-Like Receptors/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
Collapse
|
47
|
Kazy Z, Czeizel E. [A population-based case-control study of broncho-vaxom use during pregnancy]. Orv Hetil 2005; 146:2359-61. [PMID: 16370248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study human teratogenic potential of oral broncho-vaxom treatments during pregnancy. AIM Pair analysis of cases with congenital abnormalities and matched population controls without congenital abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHOD The large population-based data set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1996. PARTICIPANTS Of 38.151 pregnant women who had babies without any defects (control group), and 22.865 pregnant women who had newborn infants or fetuses with congenital abnormalities (case group). RESULTS In the control group 58 (0,15%), while in the case group 22 (0,10%) pregnant women were treated with broncho-vaxom (OR with 95% CI: 0.6, 0.4-1.1). The case-control pair analysis concerning the use of broncho-vaxom during the second-third months of pregnancy did not show any human teratogenic potential in the different groups of congenital abnormalities. The mean gestational age was longer in control infants born to mother with broncho-vaxom treatment during pregnancy compared with the figure of control infants without this treatment (40 +/- 1.3 vs. 39.4 +/- 2.1, t = 2.28, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Teratogenic risk for congenital abnormalities was not detectable in the children born to women treated with broncho-vaxom during pregnancy. The possible gestational age promoter effect of broncho-vaxom needs further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Kazy
- Genetikai Artalmak Társadalmi Megelozése Alapítvány, Budapest
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B, Jurkiewicz D, Stankiewicz W. [Effectiveness of Broncho-Vaxom in prevention of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005; 19:625-9. [PMID: 16498798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of effectiveness of immunostimulating treatment with Broncho-Vaxom and his influence on concentration of proinflammatory cytokines in children with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 32 children (the average age 8 years and 4 months) with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection received immunostimulating treatment with Broncho-Vaxom. 20 children (the average age 7 years and 8 months) with recurrent upper respiratory tract infection which did not receive treatment with Broncho-Vaxom consisted the control group. In all children clinical state and concentration of cytokines TNF-alpha and, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 in serum was examined. Period of observation in both groups carried out 24 months. Follow-up was executed after 6 months. RESULTS In children treated with Broncho-Vaxom statistically significant (p<0.01) decrease in frequency of occurrence as well as shortening of duration of upper respiratory tract infection were observed. In children treated with Broncho-Vaxom statistically significant (p<0.01) decrease of serum concentration of TNF-alpha and in time of observation. The statistically significant changes were not observed in serum concentrations IL-1beta in time of observation. It was statistically significant (p<0.01) affirmed the rise of serum concentration of IL-6 in time of observation, the largest growth of concentration this cytokine stepped out in 1 year of treatment. The statistically significant (p<0.01) increase of concentration cytokine IL-8 in the first year of treatment as well as statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease of concentration this cytokine after end of treatment. CONCLUSION The treatment with Broncho-Vaxom shows the high effectiveness in prevention of recurrent upper respiratory tract infection in children as well as the influences of profitable changes in profile of serum cytokines which can impact on limitation the inflammation process in the upper respiratory tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zielnik-Jurkiewicz
- Oddzial Otolaryngologiczny Samodzielnego Zespołu Publicznych Zakładów Opieki Zdrowotnej w Warszawie.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Targowski T, Jahnz-Rózyk K, Płusa T, Niedziałkowski P, Rozyńska R. [Influence of Broncho-Vaxom treatment on serum concentration of metalloproteinase-9 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2005; 19:630-3. [PMID: 16498799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunomodulatory activity of bacterial extracts such as Broncho-Vaxom results in stimulation of different immune cells, increase of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhancement of resistance to infection. Lyophilized extracts from bacteria are particularly recommended for patients with chronic respiratory tract diseases, in whom infectious exacerbations irreversibly worsen lung damage. Despite the fact that treatment with bacterial lysates is considered safe, it is not clear if such immunomodulation does not negatively affect the proteinase--antiproteinase balance in patients with COPD. AIM OF THE STUDY Evaluation of influence of treatment with Broncho-Vaxom on the concentration of metalloproteinase-9 in serum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty one patients with moderate COPD were included in the study The patients were divided into two groups: smokers and nonsmokers. Each patient received Broncho-Vaxom for the first ten days each month for three consecutive months. The patients were examined twice: before treatment and in the third month of treatment. During each visit clinical symptoms of COPD were assessed, spirometric tests and blood tests were performed, the concentrations of immunoglobulins, C-reactive protein and metalloproteinase-9 in serum (MMP-9) were measured. RESULTS No significant differences were found between the groups in predicted value of FEV1%, concentrations of immunoglobulins and C-reactive protein in serum and the number of leukocytes in blood after treatment with Broncho-Vaxom. A significant decrease of intensity of COPD symptoms in both groups after immunostimulatory treatment was observed. There were no differences in metalloproteinase-9 concentration in serum between the smokers and nonsmokers. Administration of bacterial extract did not significantly influence MMP-9 concentration in serum of the patients. RESULTS Treatment with Broncho-Vaxom does not increase the concentration of metalloproteinase-9 in serum of patients with COPD, while it decreases the symptoms of stable COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Targowski
- Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny CSK MON w Warszawie: Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych, Pneumonologii i Alergologii.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Marcol W, Kotulska K, Larysz-Brysz M, Matuszek I, Olakowska E, Lewin-Kowalik J. Extracts obtained from predegenerated nerves improve functional recovery after sciatic nerve transection. Microsurgery 2005; 25:486-94. [PMID: 16134094 DOI: 10.1002/micr.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Gap injuries of peripheral nerves, resulting from trauma or neurosurgical procedures, presage badly, for the presence of the distal stump of the nerve seems to be indispensable for regeneration. The standard grafting method requires a lesion of a healthy nerve, and therefore various substitutional materials are under consideration. The aim of the present work was to examine the recovery of rat sciatic nerves after supplying 10-mm-long gaps with an autologous connective-tissue chambers filled with fibrin only or fibrin and various neuroactive substances (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), extracts from predegenerated or non-predegenerated nerves). The nerves were allowed to regenerate for 16 weeks. Recovery was measured functionally using the sciatic functional index, and by comparing the weight ratios of calf muscles. The histologic features of regeneration were assessed by counting the number of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibers present inside implanted chambers. We found that chambers filled with fibrin and predegenerated peripheral nerve extracts or BDNF supported functional nerve regeneration much more strongly than chambers filled with fibrin only or fibrin and non-predegenerated peripheral nerve extracts. We conclude that autologous connective-tissue chambers filled with fibrin and predegenerated peripheral nerve extracts or BDNF seem to be a promising tool in peripheral nerve gap injury treatment, with likely clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Marcol
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|