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Affholder MC, Mench M, Gombert-Courvoisier S, Cohen GJV. Dieldrin accumulation, distribution in plant parts and phytoextraction potential for several plant species and Cucurbita pepo varieties. Sci Total Environ 2024; 931:172968. [PMID: 38705310 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Dieldrin, an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) widely used for crop protection in the second half of the 20th century till the 70's, is worldwide still present in arable soils. It can be transferred to crops, notably cucurbits, depending on plant species and cultivars. Finding strategies to decrease OCP bioavailability in soil is therefore a main concern. Phytomanagement strategies could provide (i) ready-to-use short term solution for maintaining the production of edible plant parts with dieldrin concentrations below the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) and (ii) long-term solution for dieldrin phytoextraction reducing progressively its bioavailability in the soil. This field study aimed at determining dieldrin accumulation capacities and allocation pattern in 17 non-Cucurbitaceae species and 10 Cucurbita pepo varieties, and assessing the dieldrin phytoextraction potential of these plant species when grown to maturity in a historically dieldrin-contaminated soil. Out of the non-Cucurbitaceae species, vetiver was the only one able to accumulate significant amounts of dieldrin, which mainly remained in its roots. All C. pepo varieties were able to uptake and translocate high dieldrin amounts into the shoots, leading to the highest phytoextraction potential. Despite the intraspecific variability in dieldrin concentration in zucchini plant parts, mainly in the reproductive organs, the phytoextraction capacity for shoots and fruits was high for all tested varieties (147 to 275 μg dieldrin plant-1, corresponding to 5.6 % of the n-heptane extractable soil dieldrin), even for the one with low fruit dieldrin concentration. Both food safety and phytoextraction could be achieved by selecting productive zucchini varieties displaying low dieldrin concentration in fruits and high one in shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-C Affholder
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, EPOC-PROMESS UMR 5805, 1 allée F. Daguin, 33607 Pessac, France; Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire - bât. B2, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - M Mench
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire - bât. B2, CS 50023, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - S Gombert-Courvoisier
- Univ. Bordeaux-Montaigne, Univ. Bordeaux, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture et de Paysage de Bordeaux, CNRS, PASSAGES UMR 5319, Pessac, France
| | - G J V Cohen
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux-INP, EPOC-PROMESS UMR 5805, 1 allée F. Daguin, 33607 Pessac, France.
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Robles Jimenez LE, Aguirre EA, Cruz MDLAC, Schettino-Bermúdez B, Gutiérrez-Tolentino R, Chay-Canul AJ, Garcia-Herrera RA, Ghavipanje N, Castelan Ortega OA, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M. Inclusion of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) and pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata) in dairy sheep diets. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300864. [PMID: 38635849 PMCID: PMC11025919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed (CS) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed (PS) are used in ruminant diets as energy sources. The current experiment studied the impact of dietary inclusion of CS and PS on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield, and milk composition of dairy sheep. Twelve primiparous Texel × Suffolk ewes [70 ± 5 days in milk (DIM); 0.320 ± 0.029 kg milk yield] were distributed in a 4 × 3 Latin square design and fed either a butter-based control diet [CON; 13 g/kg dry matter] or two diets with 61 g/kg DM of either CS or PS. Dietary inclusion of CS and PS did not alter live weight (p >0.1) and DM intake (p >0.1). However, compared to the CON, dietary inclusion of both CS and PS increased the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (p <0.001) and acid detergent lignin (p < 0.001). Milk production (p = 0.001), fat-corrected milk (p < 0.001), and feed efficiency (p < 0.001) were enhanced with PS, while the highest milk protein yield (p < 0.05) and lactose yield (p < 0.001) were for CS-fed ewes. Compared to the CON diet, the ingestion of either CS and/or PS decreased (p < 0.001) the C16:0 in milk. Moreover, both CS and PS tended to enhance the content of C18:3n6 (p > 0.05) and C18:3n3 (p > 0.05). Overall short-term feeding of CS and/or PS (up to 6.1% DM of diet) not only maintains the production performance and digestibility of nutrients but also positively modifies the milk FA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edgar Aranda Aguirre
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Schettino-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Rey Gutiérrez-Tolentino
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Alfonso J. Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Ricardo A. Garcia-Herrera
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Navid Ghavipanje
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Octavio A. Castelan Ortega
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Nutricion Animal, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
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Zhu Y, Hu S, Min J, Zhao Y, Yu H, Irfan M, Xu C. Transcriptomic analysis provides an insight into the function of CmGH9B3, a key gene of β-1, 4-glucanase, during the graft union healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400006. [PMID: 38581090 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally cherished and economically significant crop. The grafting technique has been widely used in the vegetative propagation of melon to promote environmental tolerance and disease resistance. However, mechanisms governing graft healing and potential incompatibilities in melons following the grafting process remain unknown. To uncover the molecular mechanism of healing of grafted melon seedlings, melon wild type (Control) and TRV-CmGH9B3 lines were obtained and grafted onto the squash rootstocks (C. moschata). Anatomical differences indicated that the healing process of the TRV-CmGH9B3 plants was slower than that of the control. A total of 335 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between two transcriptomes. Most of these DEGs were down-regulated in TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings. GO and KEGG analysis showed that many metabolic, physiological, and hormonal responses were involved in graft healing, including metabolic processes, plant hormone signaling, plant MAPK pathway, and sucrose starch pathway. During the healing process of TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings, gene synthesis related to hormone signal transduction (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinolide) was delayed. At the same time, it was found that most of the DEGs related to the sucrose pathway were down-regulated in TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings. The results showed that sugar was also involved in the healing process of melon grafted onto squash. These results deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanism of GH9B3, a key gene of β-1, 4-glucanase. It also provided a reference for elucidating the gene mechanism and function analysis of CmGH9B3 in the process of graft union healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Oregon State University, Hermiston, Oregon, USA
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of science, University of Sargodha Pakistan, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang, China
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Iglesias-Moya J, Benítez Á, Segura M, Alonso S, Garrido D, Martínez C, Jamilena M. Structural and functional characterization of genes PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s in the ABA signalling pathway of Cucurbita pepo. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:268. [PMID: 38468207 PMCID: PMC10926676 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core regulation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway comprises the multigenic families PYL, PP2C, and SnRK2. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the components of these families in Cucurbita pepo. RESULTS The bioinformatic analysis of the C. pepo genome resulted in the identification of 19 CpPYL, 102 CpPP2C and 10 CpSnRK2 genes. The investigation of gene structure and protein motifs allowed to define 4 PYL, 13 PP2C and 3 SnRK2 subfamilies. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the expression of these gene families in different plant organs, as well as to detect their differential gene expression during germination, and in response to ABA and cold stress in leaves. The specific tissue expression of some gene members indicated the relevant role of some ABA signalling genes in plant development. Moreover, their differential expression under ABA treatment or cold stress revealed those ABA signalling genes that responded to ABA, and those that were up- or down-regulated in response to cold stress. A reduced number of genes responded to both treatments. Specific PYL-PP2C-SnRK2 genes that had potential roles in germination were also detected, including those regulated early during the imbibition phase, those regulated later during the embryo extension and radicle emergence phase, and those induced or repressed during the whole germination process. CONCLUSIONS The outcomes of this research open new research lines for agriculture and for assessing gene function in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Iglesias-Moya
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Álvaro Benítez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - María Segura
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Alonso
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology. Faculty of Science, University of Granada, 18021, Granada, Spain
| | - Cecilia Martínez
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology. Agri-food Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3) and Research Center CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Kadir NHA, Murugan N, Khan AA, Sandrasegaran A, Khan AU, Alam M. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pumpkin seeds. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:602-615. [PMID: 38018343 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seeds) and their selective cytotoxic effectiveness on human colon cancer cells (HCT 116) and African Green Monkey Kidney, Vero cells. The study also investigated the antioxidant activity of ZnONPs. The study also examined ZnONPs' antioxidant properties. This was motivated by the limited research on the comparative cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on normal and HCT116 cells. The ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope/Selected Area Electron Diffraction (TEM/SAED), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) for determination of chemical fingerprinting, heat stability, size, and morphology of the elements, respectively. Based on the results, ZnO NPs from pumpkins were found to be less than 5 μm and agglomerates in nature. Furthermore, the ZnO NPs fingerprinting and SEM-EDX element analysis were similar to previous literature, suggesting the sample was proven as ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs also stable at a temperature of 380°C indicating that the green material is quite robust at 60-400°C. The cell viability of Vero cells and HCT 116 cell line were measured at two different time points (24 and 48 h) to assess the cytotoxicity effects of ZnO NP on these cells using AlamarBlue assay. Cytotoxic results have shown that ZnO NPs did not inhibit Vero cells but were slightly toxic to cancer cells, with a dose-response curve IC50 = ~409.7 μg/mL. This green synthesis of ZnO NPs was found to be non-toxic to normal cells but has a slight cytotoxicity effect on HCT 116 cells. A theoretical study used molecular docking to investigate nanoparticle interaction with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), exploring its mechanism in inhibiting CDK2's role in cancer. Further study should be carried out to determine suitable concentrations for cytotoxicity studies. Additionally, DPPH has a significant antioxidant capacity, with an IC50 of 142.857 μg/mL. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Pumpkin seed extracts facilitated a rapid, high-yielding, and environmentally friendly synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to investigate the optical properties, scalability, size, shape, dispersity, and stability of ZnO NPs. The cytotoxicity of ZnO NPs on Vero and HCT 116 cells was assessed, showing no inhibition of Vero cells and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. The DPPH assay was also used to investigate the antioxidant potential of biogenic nanoparticles. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interaction of ZnO NPs with CDK2 and to explore the mechanism by which they inhibit CDK2's role in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Abd Kadir
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Navindran Murugan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Azhar U Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Basic Sciences, SIILAS Campus, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, India
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
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Sohail H, Noor I, Hasanuzzaman M, Geng S, Wei L, Nawaz MA, Huang Y, Yang L, Bie Z. CmoPIP1-4 confers drought tolerance in pumpkin by altering hydrogen sulfide signaling. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108443. [PMID: 38479079 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a major limiting factor for the growth and development of pumpkins. Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) are major water channels that play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular water status and solute trafficking during drought conditions. CmoPIP1-4 is a plasma membrane-localized protein that is significantly upregulated in roots and leaves under drought-stress conditions. In this study, the overexpression of CmoPIP1-4 enhances drought resistance in yeast. In contrast, CRISPR-mediated CmoPIP1-4 knockout in pumpkin roots increased drought sensitivity. This increased drought sensitivity of CmoPIP1-4 knockout plants is associated with a decline in the levels of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and abscisic acid (ABA), accompanied by an increase in water loss caused by greater levels of transpiration and stomatal conductance. In addition, the sensitivity of CmoPIP1-4 CRISPR plants is further aggravated by reduced antioxidative enzyme activity, decreased proline and sugar contents, and extensive root damage. Furthermore, expression profiles of genes such as CmoHSP70s, CmoNCED3, CmoNCED4, and others involved in metabolic activities were markedly reduced in CmoPIP1-4 CRISPR plants. Moreover, we also discovered an interaction between the drought-responsive gene CmoDCD and CmoPIP1-4, indicating their potential role in activating H2S-mediated signaling in pumpkin, which could confer drought tolerance. The findings of our study collectively demonstrate CmoPIP1-4 plays a crucial role in the regulation of H2S-mediated signaling, influencing stomatal density and aperture in pumpkin plants, and thereby enhancing their drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Sohail
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Iqra Noor
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shouyu Geng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Lanxing Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Zhao H, Tian Z, Song G, Xiang S, Wang Y, He Y, Lv X, Wang J, Yang Z, Liu Y, Wang D, Li W. Natural variation in the promoter of FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 2 in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) is associated with flowering time under short-day conditions. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:442-459. [PMID: 37969013 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Late flowering is a serious bottleneck in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) agriculture production. Although key genes governing flowering time have been reported in many species, the regulatory network of flowering in pumpkin remains largely obscure, thereby impeding the resolution of industry-wide challenges associated with delayed fruit ripening in pumpkin cultivation. Here, we report an early flowering pumpkin germplasm accession (LXX-4). Using LXX-4 and a late flowering germplasm accession (HYM-9), we constructed an F2 segregation population. A significant difference in FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 2 (FTL2) expression level was identified to be the causal factor of the flowering time trait discrepancy in LXX-4 and HYM-9. Moreover, we have shown that a 21 bp InDel in the FTL2 promoter was the key reason for the waxing and waning of its transcript level. The 21 bp deletion excluded a repressor-AGL19 and recruited activators-BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the FTL2 promoter in LXX-4. Together, our data add a useful element to our knowledge which could be used to simplify breeding efforts for early-maturing pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhiyu Tian
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guoyi Song
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuanglu Xiang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan He
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoran Lv
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- Anhui Jianghuai Horticulture Seeds Co., Ltd., Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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8
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Zhang MJ, Xue YY, Xu S, Jin XR, Man XC. Identification of ARF genes in Cucurbita pepo L and analysis of expression patterns, and functional analysis of CpARF22 under drought, salt stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:112. [PMID: 38273235 PMCID: PMC10809590 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auxin transcription factor (ARF) is an important transcription factor that transmits auxin signals and is involved in plant growth and development as well as stress response. However, genome-wide identification and responses to abiotic and pathogen stresses of the ARF gene family in Cucurbita pepo L, especially pathogen stresses, have not been reported. RESULTS Finally, 33 ARF genes (CpARF01 to CpARF33) were identified in C.pepo from the Cucurbitaceae genome database using bioinformatics methods. The putative protein contains 438 to 1071 amino acids, the isoelectric point is 4.99 to 8.54, and the molecular weight is 47759.36 to 117813.27 Da, the instability index ranged from 40.74 to 68.94, and the liposoluble index ranged from 62.56 to 76.18. The 33 genes were mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and distributed on 16 chromosomes unevenly. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 33 CpARF proteins were divided into 6 groups. According to the amino acid sequence of CpARF proteins, 10 motifs were identified, and 1,3,6,8,10 motifs were highly conserved in most of the CpARF proteins. At the same time, it was found that genes in the same subfamily have similar gene structures. Cis-elements and protein interaction networks predicted that CpARF may be involved in abiotic factors related to the stress response. QRT-PCR analysis showed that most of the CpARF genes were upregulated under NaCl, PEG, and pathogen treatment compared to the control. Subcellular localization showed that CpARF22 was localized in the nucleus. The transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with the CpARF22 gene enhanced their tolerance to salt and drought stress. CONCLUSION In this study, we systematically analyzed the CpARF gene family and its expression patterns under drought, salt, and pathogen stress, which improved our understanding of the ARF protein of zucchini, and laid a solid foundation for functional analysis of the CpARF gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ying-Yu Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xuan-Ru Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xing-Chu Man
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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9
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Chi F, Zhao J, Yang L, Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao S, Zhan J. Using regular and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the biotransformation mechanism and phytotoxic effects of 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (6:2 FTCA) in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.). Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167901. [PMID: 37858819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Although 6:2 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (6:2 FTCA), which is one of the most popular substitutes for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), has been widely distributed in environments, little is known about its biotransformation mechanism and phytotoxic effects in plants. Here, we showed that 6:2 FTCA could be taken up by pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) roots from exposure solution and acropetally translocated to shoots. Biotransformation of 6:2 FTCA to different carbon chain perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) metabolites (C2-C7) via α-and β-oxidation in pumpkin was observed, and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) was the major transformation product. The results of enzyme assays, enzyme inhibition experiments and gene expression analysis indicated that cytochrome P450 (CYP450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were involved in the metabolism of 6:2 FTCA in pumpkin. Plant-associated rhizobacteria and endophyte also contributed to 6:2 FTCA degradation through β-oxidation. The chlorophyll (Chl) content and genes involved in photosynthesis were significantly improved by 6:2 FTCA. The reductions of antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities reflected the antioxidant defense system and detoxification system of pumpkin were both damaged, which were further confirmed by the down-regulating associated genes encoding phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, endoplasmic reticulum-related proteins, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and ABC transporters. This study is helpful to understand the environmental behaviors and toxicological molecular mechanisms of 6:2 FTCA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Chi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xv Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, Liaoning, PR China
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10
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Yu J, Han T, Hou Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wang X, Ge S. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analysis provides new insights into tetracycline stress tolerance in pumpkin. Environ Pollut 2024; 340:122777. [PMID: 37863256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analysis to provide a comprehensive view of plant response to tetracycline stress. Pumpkin seeds were cultured for 7 days without or with tetracycline at 10 mg/L. Pumpkin roots showed excessive growth inhibition, but not yet strong growth restraining in cotyledons. Tetracycline affected the abundance of metabolites related to flavonoid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism. Main changes of metabolites in flavonoid biosynthesis were consistent with mRNA changes. Amino acid changes are mainly mediated by proteins or mRNAs. To be specific, tetracycline treatment increased the levels of rutin, caffeate, cinnamaldehyde, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, apigenin, luteolin, (-)-epigallocatechin, astragalin, L-serine, and glutathione and the transcript levels related to these compounds; and decreased the levels of indole pyruvate, indole acetaldehyde, L-arginine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, L-glutamine, and gamma-glutamylcysteine and the transcript levels related to these compounds. Tetracycline treatment also increased the levels of oxoglutaric acid, L-glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and gamma-glutamylalanine and enzymes involved in their production; and decreased the levels of L-isoleucine, L-valine, and L-leucine and enzymes involved in their production. We elucidated several biological processes (e.g. phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, amino acid metabolic pathways) that were altered by tetracycline, and provided a multi-omic perspective on the mechanisms underlying the response to tetracycline stress in pumpkin roots. We provide a useful reference for the development of environmental quality management methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Tao Han
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yingying Hou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Haiguang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, 453100, China
| | - Xinjie Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shidong Ge
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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11
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Xu M, Wang Y, Zhang M, Chen M, Ni Y, Xu X, Xu S, Li Y, Zhang X. Genome-Wide Identification of BES1 Gene Family in Six Cucurbitaceae Species and Its Expression Analysis in Cucurbita moschata. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032287. [PMID: 36768611 PMCID: PMC9916444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The BES1 (BRI1-EMSSUPPRESSOR1) gene family play a vital role in the BR (brassinosteroid) signaling pathway, which is involved in the growth and development, biotic, abiotic, and hormone stress response in many plants. However, there are few reports of BES1 in Cucurbita moschata. In this study, 50 BES1 genes were identified in six Cucurbitaceae species by genome-wide analysis, which could be classified into 3 groups according to their gene structural features and motif compositions, and 13 CmoBES1 genes in Cucurbita moschata were mapped on 10 chromosomes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the CmoBES1 genes displayed differential expression under different abiotic stress and hormone treatments. Subcellular localization showed that the most of CmoBES1 proteins localized in nucleus and cytoplasm, and transactivation assay indicated 9 CmoBES1 proteins played roles as transcription factors. Our analysis of BES1s diversity, localization, and expression in Curcubitaceae contributes to the better understanding of the essential roles of these transcription factors in plants.
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12
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Ezim OE, Abarikwu SO. Fluted pumpkin seeds protect the spermatogenesis score index and testicular histology of caffeine treated rats. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14578. [PMID: 36056790 DOI: 10.1111/and.14578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds (FPS) against caffeine (CAFF) induced testicular toxicity in rats. Thirty young healthy male Wistar rats (196 ± 12 g) were randomly organized into five sets of six animals per each group: control, caffeine (CAFF; 50 mg kg-1 bw) and FPS co-treatment groups (CAFF + 50 mg FPS, CAFF + 100 mg FPS and CAFF + 200 mg FPS kg-1 bw). CAFF and FPS were administered daily and twice per week respectively by oral gavage for 40 days. CAFF treatment decreased testicular lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity level, which was attenuated on co-administration with FPS at 50 and 100 mg kg-1 bw. Furthermore, CAFF decreased seminiferous epithelia thickness and spermatogenesis score index and increased the number of tubules with abnormal histological features, which were attenuated on co-administration with FPS at 50 mg kg-1 bw much more than at the higher doses (p < 0.05). CAFF did not affect malondialdehyde and glutathione concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in the testes whereas FPS co-treatment at the higher doses elevated glutathione level and GSH-Px activity and did not affect spermatogenesis score index at the highest dose (200 mg kg-1 bw). Testicular malondialdehyde concentrations remained unaffected in all FPS co-treatment groups. Overall, FPS is able to minimize the CAFF-induced testicular injury at lower than at the higher tested doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogechukwu E Ezim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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13
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Fujita K, Yoshihara R, Hirota M, Goto J, Sonoda C, Inui H. A20/AN1 zinc-finger proteins positively regulate major latex-like proteins, transporting factors toward dioxin-like compounds in Cucurbita pepo. Chemosphere 2022; 305:135536. [PMID: 35772518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family accumulates dioxin-like compounds in its fruits. We previously showed that A20/AN1 zinc finger protein (ZFP) genes were highly expressed in the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) subspecies pepo, which accumulates dioxin-like compounds at high concentrations. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing A20/AN1 ZFP genes show accumulation of dioxin-like compounds in their upper parts. However, the mechanisms underlying the accumulation of dioxin-like compounds regulated by the A20/AN1 ZFPs remain unclear. Here, we show that A20/AN1 ZFPs positively regulate the expression of the major latex-like protein (MLP) and its homolog genes in N. tabacum and C. pepo. MLPs are involved in the transport of dioxin-like compounds from the roots to the upper parts of C. pepo. Overexpression of A20/AN1 ZFP genes in N. tabacum leads to the upregulation of pathogenesis-related protein class-10 genes with the binding ability toward dioxin-like compounds. Our results demonstrated that A20/AN1 ZFPs upregulate MLP and its homolog genes in N. tabacum and C. pepo, resulting in the accumulation of dioxin-like compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Fujita
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryouhei Yoshihara
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Matashi Hirota
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Junya Goto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sonoda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Inui
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan; Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodaicho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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14
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Han T, Shen J, Dai C, Li Y, Zhou J, Li X, Sun Z, Mi Z, Miao X. Biochar-Stimulated Pumpkin Performance Under Cadmium Stress Is Strongly Linked to Metabolite Pattern. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 108:1132-1138. [PMID: 35577927 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, pumpkin seedlings were subjected to cadmium stress (100 mg/L cadmium ion solution, 10 days) without or with wheat straw biochar at different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% w/v). As the biochar concentration increased, the amount of cadmium accumulated in the root and stem of pumpkin seedlings decreased and the fresh weight of root, stem and leaf increased. The highest cadmium concentration was in the root, followed by the stem and then the leaf. 1% and 2% biochar treatments reduced the oxidative stress of cadmium to seedlings, and added the contents of fatty acid, carbohydrate, amino acid and indoleacetic acid in the root. With the increase of biochar concentration, the metabolites promoting root growth increased. These results provide new information about how biochar alleviates cadmium stress by affecting the metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Postdoctoral Innovation & Practice Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jun Shen
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Chunying Dai
- Autobio Diagnostics CO., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450016, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Junguo Zhou
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhaorong Mi
- School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xinyu Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China.
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15
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Schnieder N, Känel A, Zimmermann M, Kriebs K, Witte A, Wrobel LS, Twyman RM, Prüfer D, Furch ACU, Noll GA. So similar yet so different: The distinct contributions of extrafascicular and fascicular phloem to transport and exudation in cucumber plants. J Plant Physiol 2022; 271:153643. [PMID: 35248933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbits have been used as phloem research models for many decades because their exudates can be accessed with ease. However, cucurbit plants possess two distinct phloem systems known as the fascicular phloem (FP) and extrafascicular phloem (EFP). Therefore, the molecular composition and function of certain exudates can be misinterpreted due to their unclear origin. To characterize the anatomy and function of the different phloem systems more clearly, we generated specific antibodies against marker proteins (PP1 homologs) allowing the clear identification of the EFP at the organ, tissue and cellular levels by immunological staining. We also used detailed microscopy to determine common and unique anatomical features of the FP and EFP sieve elements (SEs) in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). The comparison of exudation rates and the dynamic viscosity, density and sugar content of the exudates from plants grown in the light and dark revealed the consistent composition and behavior of the EFP exudate even when photosynthesis was prevented, thus differing from the properties of the FP exudate. Furthermore, the analysis of phloem transport using a fluorescein disodium salt showed only wound-induced exudation of dye from the EFP, indicating the absence of transport in this tissue. Our results show that it is important to distinguish between the EFP and FP in cucurbits, particularly their differing behaviors in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Schnieder
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrea Känel
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstrasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Kriebs
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Antonia Witte
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lisa S Wrobel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Matthias Schleiden Institute for Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstrasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Gundula A Noll
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143, Muenster, Germany.
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16
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Andolfo G, Sánchez CS, Cañizares J, Pico MB, Ercolano MR. Large-scale gene gains and losses molded the NLR defense arsenal during the Cucurbita evolution. Planta 2021; 254:82. [PMID: 34559316 PMCID: PMC8463517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide annotation reveals that the gene birth-death process of the Cucurbita R family is associated with a species-specific diversification of TNL and CNL protein classes. The Cucurbitaceae family includes nearly 1000 plant species known universally as cucurbits. Cucurbita genus includes many economically important worldwide crops vulnerable to more than 200 pathogens. Therefore, the identification of pathogen-recognition genes is of utmost importance for this genus. The major class of plant-resistance (R) genes encodes nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, and is divided into three sub-classes namely, TIR-NB-LRR (TNL), CC-NB-LRR (CNL) and RPW8-NB-LRR (RNL). Although the characterization of the NLR gene family has been carried out in important Cucurbita species, this information is still linked to the availability of sequenced genomes. In this study, we analyzed 40 de novo transcriptomes and 5 genome assemblies, which were explored to investigate the Cucurbita expressed-NLR (eNLR) and NLR repertoires using an ad hoc gene annotation approach. Over 1850 NLR-encoding genes were identified, finely characterized and compared to 96 well-characterized plant R-genes. The maximum likelihood analyses revealed an unusual diversification of CNL/TNL genes and a strong RNL conservation. Indeed, several gene gain and loss events have shaped the Cucurbita NLR family. Finally, to provide a first validation step Cucurbita, eNLRs were explored by real-time PCR analysis. The NLR repertories of the 12 Cucurbita species presented in this paper will be useful to discover novel R-genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Andolfo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, NA Italy
| | - Cristina S. Sánchez
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquìn Cañizares
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria B. Pico
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria R. Ercolano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici, NA Italy
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17
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Uuh-Narvaez JJ, Negrete-León E, Acevedo-Fernández JJ, Segura-Campos MR. Antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activity of Mayan plant foods in rodent models. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:4193-4200. [PMID: 33420740 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postprandial hyperglycemia and decreased insulin secretion are relevant to risk factors in the development of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Plant foods with antidiabetic properties could be an affordable alternative in the prevention and treatment of this disease. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and hypoglycemic activity of Bixa orellana, Psidium guajava L., Cucurbita moschata, Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica oleracea var. capitata - Mayan plant foods - were evaluated at doses of 5 and 10 mg kg-1 . Antihyperglycemic activity was measured in healthy Wistar rats and those with obesity induced by high-sucrose diet (group HSD) (20%). The hypoglycemic activity was measure in healthy CD1 mice. RESULTS Fasting glucose, Lee index and the body weight of HSD rats increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after 12 weeks of induction compared to healthy rats. In healthy rats, P. guajava and Bixa orellana (10 mg kg-1 ) demonstrated higher and statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) antihyperglycemic activity compared to control acarbose (0.5 mg kg-1 ). In the HSD rat group, all Mayan plant foods (10 mg kg-1 ) demonstrated antihyperglycemic activity statistically equal (P ≤ 0.05) to control acarbose. However, Brassica oleracea and R. sativus registered the highest antihyperglycemic activity. Bixa orellana and P. guajava (5 mg kg-1 ) showed similar hypoglycemic activity (P ≤ 0.05) to glibenclamide (0.5 mg kg-1 ) but was not significant (P ≤ 0.05) compared to insulin (5 UI kg-1 ). CONCLUSION The present study provides valuable evidence on the possible health benefits of Mayan plant foods. These foods could contribute to the development of therapeutic diet strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Saleem U, Shehzad A, Shah S, Raza Z, Shah MA, Bibi S, Chauhdary Z, Ahmad B. Antiparkinsonian activity of Cucurbita pepo seeds along with possible underlying mechanism. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1231-1251. [PMID: 33759084 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbita pepo is used as a vegetable in Pakistan and its seeds are also rich in tocopherol. Data showed the pivotal role of tocopherol in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The current study was designed to probe into the antiparkinson activity of methanolic extract of C. pepo (MECP) seeds in the haloperidol-induced Parkinson rat model. Behavioral studies showed improvement in motor functions. The increase in catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione levels whereas the decreases in the malondialdehyde and nitrite levels were noted in a dose-dependent manner. Acetylcholine-esterase (AchE) activity was increased. Molecular docking results revealed significant binding interaction of selected phytoconstituents within an active site of target protein AchE (PDB ID: 4EY7). Furthermore, α-synuclein was up regulated with down regulation of TNF-α and IL-1β in the qRT-PCR study. Subsequently, ADMET results on the basis of structure to activity predictions in terms of pharmacokinetics and toxicity estimations show that selected phytochemicals exhibited moderately acceptable properties. These properties add knowledge towards the structural features which could improve the bioavailability of selected phytochemicals before moving towards the initial phase of the drug development. Our integrated drug discovery scheme concluded that C. pepo seeds could ameliorate symptoms of PD and may prove a lead remedy for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aisha Shehzad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Raza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresouces in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Zunera Chauhdary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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19
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Burnett AC, Serbin SP, Rogers A. Source:sink imbalance detected with leaf- and canopy-level spectroscopy in a field-grown crop. Plant Cell Environ 2021; 44:2466-2479. [PMID: 33764536 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The finely tuned balance between sources and sinks determines plant resource partitioning and regulates growth and development. Understanding and measuring metabolic indicators of source or sink limitation forms a vital part of global efforts to increase crop yield for future food security. We measured metabolic profiles of Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) grown in the field under carbon sink limitation and control conditions. We demonstrate that these profiles can be measured non-destructively using hyperspectral reflectance at both leaf and canopy scales. Total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) increased 82% in sink-limited plants; leaf mass per unit area (LMA) increased 38% and free amino acids increased 22%. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models link these measured functional traits with reflectance data, enabling high-throughput estimation of traits comprising the sink limitation response. Leaf- and canopy-scale models for TNC had R2 values of 0.93 and 0.64 and %RMSE of 13 and 38%, respectively. For LMA, R2 values were 0.91 and 0.60 and %RMSE 7 and 14%; for free amino acids, R2 was 0.53 and 0.21 with %RMSE 20 and 26%. Remote sensing can enable accurate, rapid detection of sink limitation in the field at the leaf and canopy scale, greatly expanding our ability to understand and measure metabolic responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Burnett
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Shawn P Serbin
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - Alistair Rogers
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
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20
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Li F, Lu X, Duan P, Liang Y, Cui J. Integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses of the response to cold stress in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249108. [PMID: 33956796 PMCID: PMC8101736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbita maxima belong to the genus Cucurbita and are of nutritional and economic importance. Physiological activity, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses of leaf samples from the C. maxima inbreding line IL7 treated at 5 °C and 25 °C were performed. Cold stress resulted in a significant increase in the malondialdehyde content, relative electrical conductivity, soluble protein, sugar content, and catalase activity. A total of 5,553 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 2,871 were up-regulated and 2,682 down-regulated. In addition, the transcription of differentially expressed genes in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and transcription factor families of AP2/ERF, bHLH, WRKY, MYB, and HSF was activated. Moreover, 114 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry, particularly through the analysis of carboxylic acids and derivatives, and organooxygen compounds. The demonstration of a series of potential metabolites and corresponding genes highlighted a comprehensive regulatory mechanism. These findings will provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with the response to cold stress in C. maxima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuping Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanjiao Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Qingdao Institute of Agricultural Science Research, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Ding W, Wang Y, Qi C, Luo Y, Wang C, Xu W, Qu S. Fine mapping identified the gibberellin 2-oxidase gene CpDw leading to a dwarf phenotype in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Plant Sci 2021; 306:110857. [PMID: 33775356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfism is an important agronomic trait in pumpkin that can increase yield. In this study, the dwarf Cucurbita pepo L. line X10 exhibited significantly longitudinally shorter cell length in the stem than did the normal-vine line JIN234. The dwarf stature of X10 was recovered with exogenous gibberellin (GA3) application, suggesting that X10 might be sensitive to GA biosynthesis. Genetic analysis revealed that this dwarf trait is controlled by a single completely dominant locus: CpDw (Cucurbita pepo L. Dwarf). Using 1,300 F2 individuals derived from a cross between X10 and JIN234, we mapped the CpDw locus to a region of approximately 24.6 kb on chromosome 10 that contain 5 annotated genes. The high expression level of Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 and high GA2ox enzyme activity in X10 revealed that the GA 2-oxidase gene Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 is a candidate gene for CpDw. Alignment of the Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 gene revealed two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the two exons, as well as several SNPs and InDels in the important functional elements of promoter between parental lines. Further allelic diversity analysis of the Cucurbita spp. germplasm resources indicated that Cp4.1LG10g05910.1 may be involved in vine growth during the early developmental stage in C. pepo but not in C. maxima or C. moschata. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the genetic regulation of vine length and crop breeding in pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Cong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yusong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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22
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Miao L, Li SZ, Shi AK, Li YS, He CX, Yan Y, Wang J, Sun MT, Yu XC. Genome-wide analysis of the AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) transcription factor gene family in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) and CmoANT1.2 response in graft union healing. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:706-715. [PMID: 33799182 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) proteins are members of the APETALA 2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) domain family of transcription factors involved in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, the biological functions of AIL members in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) remain unknown. In this study, we identified 12 AIL genes in the pumpkin genome encoding proteins predicted to be localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AIL gene family could be classified into six major subfamilies, with each member encoding two AP2/ERF domains separated by a linker region. CmoAIL genes were expressed at varying levels in the examined tissues, and CmoANT genes showed different expression patterns under auxin (IAA), 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Ectopic overexpression of CmoANT1.2 in Arabidopsis increased organ size and promoted growth of grafted plants by accelerating graft union formation. However, there was no significant difference at the graft junction for WT/WT and WT/ANT under IAA or NPA treatments. Taken together, the results of this study provide critical information about CmoAIL genes and their encoded proteins, and suggest future work should investigate the functions of CmoANT1.2 in the grafting process in pumpkin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Miao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Li
- College of Life Science, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Ao-Kun Shi
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan-Su Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao-Xing He
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Min-Tao Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xian-Chang Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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23
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Li Y, Zhang GN, Fang XP, Zhao C, Wu HY, Lan YX, Che L, Sun YK, Lv JY, Zhang YG, Pan CF. Effects of replacing soybean meal with pumpkin seed cake and dried distillers grains with solubles on milk performance and antioxidant functions in dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100004. [PMID: 33526406 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pumpkin seed cake (PSC), a byproduct of pumpkin seed oil processing, is used in ruminant feed as a beneficial protein source. Experiments were conducted to evaluate PSC as a substitute for soybean meal in the diets of lactating cows based on performance, rumen fermentation, antioxidant function and nitrogen partitioning. Six multiparous lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment with 27-day periods. The cows were randomly divided into three treatment groups: group (1) was fed a diet containing no PSC (0PSC), and groups (2) and (3) were fed diets in which soybean meal was replaced with PSC and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) at levels of 50% (50PSC) and 100% (100PSC), respectively. The diets were isonitrogenous and contained identical roughage but different proportions of PSC and DDGS. Replacement of soybean meal with PSC and DDGS did not influence rumen degradation, milk performance, rumen fermentation, DM intake or apparent total tract digestibility, and nitrogen partitioning between milk, feces and urine did not differ in the animals fed the three diets. However, compared with a diet containing no PSC, the total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and antioxidant enzymes (total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) activities (P < 0.05) were increased in the animals that received the 50PSC and 100PSC diets. In contrast, addition of PSC significantly reduced concentrations of aspartate transaminase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.05) in the plasma. These results demonstrate that PSC can be completely substituted for soybean meal in the diet of dairy cows without any negative impact on milk performance, rumen fermentation or apparent digestibility and that this dietary change improves antioxidant functions and blood parameters in dairy cows, indicating that PSC has the potential for use as a feed source for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - G N Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - X P Fang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - C Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - H Y Wu
- Jinlin City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jilin 130033, PR China
| | - Y X Lan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - L Che
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y K Sun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - J Y Lv
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - C F Pan
- Heilongjiang Technical Appraisal Station of Agricultural Products, Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Feed, Harbin 150036, PR China
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24
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Solhaug EM, Roy R, Venterea RT, Carter CJ. The role of alanine synthesis and nitrate-induced nitric oxide production during hypoxia stress in Cucurbita pepo nectaries. Plant J 2021; 105:580-599. [PMID: 33119149 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is a sugary solution produced by nectaries to attract and reward pollinators. Nectar metabolites, such as sugars, are synthesized within the nectary during secretion from both pre-stored and direct phloem-derived precursors. In addition to sugars, nectars contain nitrogenous compounds such as amino acids; however, little is known about the role(s) of nitrogen (N) compounds in nectary function. In this study, we investigated N metabolism in Cucurbita pepo (squash) floral nectaries in order to understand how various N-containing compounds are produced and determine the role of N metabolism in nectar secretion. The expression and activity of key enzymes involved in primary N assimilation, including nitrate reductase (NR) and alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), were induced during secretion in C. pepo nectaries. Alanine (Ala) accumulated to about 35% of total amino acids in nectaries and nectar during peak secretion; however, alteration of vascular nitrate supply had no impact on Ala accumulation during secretion, suggesting that nectar(y) amino acids are produced by precursors other than nitrate. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) is produced from nitrate and nitrite, at least partially by NR, in nectaries and nectar. Hypoxia-related processes are induced in nectaries during secretion, including lactic acid and ethanolic fermentation. Finally, treatments that alter nitrate supply affect levels of hypoxic metabolites, nectar volume and nectar sugar composition. The induction of N metabolism in C. pepo nectaries thus plays an important role in the synthesis and secretion of nectar sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Solhaug
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rodney T Venterea
- Soil and Water Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Clay J Carter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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25
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Favaris AP, Túler AC, Silva WD, Rodrigues SR, Leal WS, Bento JMS. (3S,6E)-nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephala paraguayensis beetles in bottle gourd flowers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235028. [PMID: 33362256 PMCID: PMC7757865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocephalini beetles of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating sites. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow, on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on the flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. GC-FID/EAD analysis of the L. siceraria floral scent collected in the field revealed that only the major constituent of the airborne volatiles elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae of C. paraguayensis. This compound was identified as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which was tested in two field trapping trials in Brazil. In the first bioassay, traps baited with nerolidol (mix of isomers) captured significantly more adult C. paraguayensis than control traps. In the second field trial, catches in traps baited with a mixture of isomers or enantiopure nerolidol were significantly higher than captures in control traps, but the treatments did not differ significantly. Analysis from the gut content of adult C. paraguayensis showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arodí P. Favaris
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C. Túler
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R. Rodrigues
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Walter S. Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - José M. S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Moya-Hernández A, Bosquez-Molina E, Verde-Calvo JR, Blancas-Flores G, Trejo-Aguilar GM. Hypoglycemic effect and bioactive compounds associated with the ripening stages of the Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché fruit. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:5171-5181. [PMID: 32530046 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fruit of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché is known in Mexico as 'chilacayote'. The scientific interest that C. ficifolia Bouché has acquired is due to its important hypoglycemic effect. The present research aimed (i) to discover whether this hypoglycemic property is present at different stages of development of this fruit, and (ii) to characterize some bioactive compounds with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory properties. Ethylene production, respiration rate, and maturity indices were determined during fruit development. The chemical characterization of the aqueous extracts of each stage of maturity studied was determined and their hypoglycemic effects were bioassayed using groups of normal mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin at a dose of 500 mg-1 kg-1 body weight. RESULTS Respiration rate and ethylene production showed a typical pattern for non-climacteric fruit and the quality parameters did not show significant changes. Phenolic compounds such as gallic acid and chlorogenic acid were found to have the highest concentration at 15 days of development. Extracts at 15 days showed a hypoglycemic effect that was 11% greater than that of glibenclamide in diabetized mice. CONCLUSION All stages of development of C. ficifolia fruit had a hypoglycemic effect; however, the aqueous extract from the fruit at 15 days of development showed a better effect than glibenclamide. This finding highlights the potential of this maturity stage, and shows that it is appropriate for inclusion in treatments of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results also indicate that phenolic compounds are mainly responsible for this effect and not d-chiro-inositol as previously thought. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Moya-Hernández
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elsa Bosquez-Molina
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ramón Verde-Calvo
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Brzozowski LJ, Gore MA, Agrawal AA, Mazourek M. Divergence of defensive cucurbitacins in independent Cucurbita pepo domestication events leads to differences in specialist herbivore preference. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2812-2825. [PMID: 32666553 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication and improvement often concurrently affect plant resistance to pests and production of secondary metabolites, creating challenges for isolating the ecological implications of selection for specific metabolites. Cucurbitacins are bitter triterpenoids with extreme phenotypic differences between Cucurbitaceae lineages, yet we lack integrated models of herbivore preference, cucurbitacin accumulation, and underlying genetic mechanisms. In Cucurbita pepo, we dissected the effect of cotyledon cucurbitacins on preference of a specialist insect pest (Acalymma vittatum) for multiple tissues, assessed genetic loci underlying cucurbitacin accumulation in diverse germplasm and a biparental F2 population (from a cross between two independent domesticates), and characterized quantitative associations between gene expression and metabolites during seedling development. Acalymma vittatum affinity for cotyledons is mediated by cucurbitacins, but other traits contribute to whole-plant resistance. Cotyledon cucurbitacin accumulation was associated with population structure, and our genetic mapping identified a single locus, Bi-4, containing genes relevant to transport and regulation - not biosynthesis - that diverged between lineages. These candidate genes were expressed during seedling development, most prominently a putative secondary metabolite transporter. Taken together, these findings support the testable hypothesis that breeding for plant resistance to insects involves targeting genes for regulation and transport of defensive metabolites, in addition to core biosynthesis genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Brzozowski
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Anurag A Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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28
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Gomes RS, Machado Júnior R, de Almeida CF, Chagas RR, de Oliveira RL, Delazari FT, da Silva DJH. Brazilian germplasm of winter squash (Cucurbita moschata D.) displays vast genetic variability, allowing identification of promising genotypes for agro-morphological traits. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230546. [PMID: 32516347 PMCID: PMC7282630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Winter squash fruits (Cucurbita moschata D.) are among the best sources of vitamin A precursors and constitute sources of bioactive components such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Approximately 70% of C. moschata seed oil is made up of unsaturated fatty acids, with high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and components such as vitamin E and carotenoids, which represent a promising nutritional aspect in the production of this vegetable. C. moschata germplasm expresses high genetic variability, especially in Brazil. We assessed 91 C. moschata accessions, from different regions of Brazil, and maintained at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV) Vegetable Germplasm Bank, to identify early-flowering accessions with high levels of carotenoids in the fruit pulp and high yields of seed and seed oil. Results showed that the accessions have high variability in the number and mass of seeds per fruit, number of accumulated degree-days for flowering, total carotenoid content, and fruit productivity, which allowed selection for considerable gains in these characteristics. Analysis of the correlation between these characteristics provided information that will assist in selection to improve this crop. Cluster analysis resulted in the formation of 16 groups, confirming the variability of the accessions. Per se analysis identified accessions BGH-6749, BGH-5639, and BGH-219 as those with the earliest flowering. Accessions BGH-5455A and BGH-5598A had the highest carotenoid content, with averages greater than 170.00 μg g-1 of fresh mass. With a productivity of 0.13 t ha-1, accessions BGH-5485A, BGH-4610A, and BGH-5472A were the most promising for seed oil production. These last two accessions corresponded to those with higher seed productivity, averaging 0.58 and 0.54 t ha-1, respectively. This study confirms the high potential of this germplasm for use in breeding for promotion of earlier flowering and increase in total content of fruit pulp carotenoids and in seed and seed oil productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Silva Gomes
- Agronomy Department, Federal University of Viçosa-UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Meier S, Moore F, Morales A, González ME, Seguel A, Meriño-Gergichevich C, Rubilar O, Cumming J, Aponte H, Alarcón D, Mejías J. Synthesis of calcium borate nanoparticles and its use as a potential foliar fertilizer in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 151:673-680. [PMID: 32353673 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of foliar sprays containing boron (B) nano-fertilizer (NF) on the growth and physiology of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and zucchini (Cucurbita pepo). Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions for 60 days on a modified Hoagland solution with the presence and absence of boron (+B or -B). A synthesized B-NF foliar spray and a commercial B foliar fertilizer (Bortrac™ 150, BT) was applied at a concentration of 30 mg B L-1 at 10-d intervals throughout the experiment. The B-NF treatment increased the growth of lettuce 2.7- and 1.9-fold for shoots and roots, respectively, with an average production of lettuce biomass by ~58%. Similarly, the NF increased the growth of zucchini by 18 and 66% compared with Control-B (the absence of B), and 13 and 36% compared with BT, both for shoots and roots, respectively. Nevertheless, NF + B mostly decreased lettuce growth with symptoms of B toxicity in leaves. In lettuce, addition of B did not affect concentrations of phenols; however, in zucchini, Control-B induced a higher production of phenolic compounds possibly related to B deficiency. The B addition in lettuce reduced the DPPH activity by 32 and 21% in NF and BT, respectively, compared to Control-B. These responses were similar in zucchini; however, the effect of B was product of its presence in mineral solution rather than due the foliar product applied. This suggests that a NF-based delivery system for B may be highly effective at boosting plant productivity on B-limited soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Meier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Francisca Moore
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - Arturo Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
| | - María-Eugenia González
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alex Seguel
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristian Meriño-Gergichevich
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Agricultural Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jonathan Cumming
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Humberto Aponte
- Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, San Fernando, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - David Alarcón
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
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de Oliveira RM, da Cunha FF, da Silva GH, Andrade LM, de Morais CV, Ferreira PMO, Raimundi FPG, Freitas ARDJ, de Souza CM, de Oliveira RA. Evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of Italian zucchini cultivated with recycled paper as mulch. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232554. [PMID: 32374758 PMCID: PMC7202601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycled paper has the potential to be used as a mulch for vegetable production and can be adopted for the cultivation of Italian zucchini. However, there have been no studies about the water savings or crop coefficient values used in irrigation management in this system; therefore, there is a need for more research. In view of the above, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of recycled paper mulch on evaporation and evapotranspiration in Italian zucchini and to determine the crop coefficients in its developmental stages. The study was carried out in two cultivation cycles conducted at the Lysimetric Station in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The experiments were installed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Four lysimeter cultivation treatments were applied: without mulch (C); with recycled paper as mulch (CP); with only recycled paper (P); and with Bahia grass (G). Irrigation and drainage measurements were performed daily to calculate the crop and reference evapotranspiration, and thus the crop coefficient (Kc) values. The following characteristics were evaluated: fruit yield, NDVI and water productivity. For the cultivation of Italian zucchini using paper as mulch, Kc values of 0.54, 0.77 and 0.44 and Kcb values of 0.15, 0.45 and 0.18 are recommended for the initial, intermediate and final stages, respectively. NDVI can be used to estimate the Kc values for Italian zucchini. The use of recycled paper as mulch reduces the water consumption of Italian zucchini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginaldo Miranda de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando França da Cunha
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gustavo Henrique da Silva
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Maltoni Andrade
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Caio Vieira de Morais
- Department of Agronomy, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Caetano Marciano de Souza
- Department of Agronomy, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
| | - Rubens Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa-MG, Brazil
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Zhou J, Li M, Li J, Shao Z, Liu Y, Wang T, Zhu L. Bioavailability and Bioaccumulation of 6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate, 6:2 Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonates, and Perfluorophosphinates in a Soil-Plant System. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4325-4334. [PMID: 32208655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As emerging alternatives of legacy perfluoroalkyl substances, 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and perfluorophosphinates (C6/C6 and C8/C8 PFPiAs) are supposed to be partitioned to soil and highly persistent in the environment. The uptake of novel per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) by plants represents a potential pathway for their transfer in the food chain. In this study, the bioavailability of these four novel PFASs in soil and the bioaccumulation characteristics in greenhouse-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill), and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) were investigated. The results indicated that these novel PFASs with higher hydrophobicity were more easily sequestrated in soil, and the fractions extracted by methanol could well describe their bioavailability, which could be stimulated by low-molecular-weight organic acids at rhizospheric concentrations. A negative relationship was found between root soil concentration factors (RSCFs) and hydrophobicity (log Kow) of the target PFASs. This correlation was also found in the translocation factors (TF) from roots to shoots. Furthermore, the uptake and transfer of the target PFASs were regulated by the protein contents in plant roots and shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
| | - Min Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Shao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yiman Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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Yan Y, Ham BK, Chong YH, Yeh SD, Lucas WJ. A Plant SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 Family Mediates Cell-to-Cell Trafficking of RNAi Signals. Mol Plant 2020; 13:321-335. [PMID: 31812689 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In plants, RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in growth and development, and responses to environmental inputs, including pathogen attack. The intercellular and systemic trafficking of small interfering RNA (siRNA)/microRNA (miRNA) is a central component in this regulatory pathway. Currently, little is known with regards to the molecular agents involved in the movement of these si/miRNAs. To address this situation, we employed a biochemical approach to identify and characterize a conserved SMALL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (SRBP1) family that mediates non-cell-autonomous small RNA (sRNA) trafficking. In Arabidopsis, AtSRBP1 is a glycine-rich (GR) RNA-binding protein, also known as AtGRP7, which we show binds single-stranded siRNA. A viral vector, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), was employed to functionally characterized the AtSRBP1-4 (AtGRP7/2/4/8) RNA recognition motif and GR domains. Cellular-based studies revealed the GR domain as being necessary and sufficient for SRBP1 cell-to-cell movement. Taken together, our findings provide a foundation for future research into the mechanism and function of mobile sRNA signaling agents in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Byung-Kook Ham
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yee Hang Chong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung
| | - Shyi-Dong Yeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung
| | - William J Lucas
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Entrenas JA, Pérez-Marín D, Torres I, Garrido-Varo A, Sánchez MT. Safety and quality issues in summer squashes using handheld portable NIRS sensors for real-time decision making and for on-vine monitoring. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6768-6777. [PMID: 31353471 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portable handheld near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) instruments currently present enormous advantages in terms of size, weight, and robustness. They also provide fast, precise information that can be obtained in situ, and they represent a viable option for controlling vegetable safety and quality during the growth period. The aim of this research was to evaluate three handheld portable NIRS instruments for in situ and real-time analysis of intact summer squashes. Traditional methods were used to analyze 221 summer squashes, and this work was used to develop calibration models for morphological, safety, and quality parameters. The longitudinal distribution of nitrate content in summer squashes weighing over 400 g was also studied, and the evolution of this parameter during the harvest period was tracked to determine which summer squashes and which zones of the vegetables (peduncle, equatorial, or stylar) could be earmarked for baby-food production. RESULTS The robustness of the calibration models confirmed the expectations raised by NIRS technology for morphological, safety, and quality control of individual summer squashes, and the models developed with the MicroNIR-1700 instrument were those that provided more accuracy and precision, being the peduncle zone the part with higher nitrate content. CONCLUSIONS It is in the peduncle zone, therefore, where measurements of this parameter must be carried out to decide on the destination of the harvested product. Summer squashes picked at the end of the harvest are those that must be used for baby-food production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Antonio Entrenas
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Irina Torres
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Garrido-Varo
- Department of Animal Production, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Teresa Sánchez
- Department of Bromatology and Food Technology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Huang Y, Cao H, Yang L, Chen C, Shabala L, Xiong M, Niu M, Liu J, Zheng Z, Zhou L, Peng Z, Bie Z, Shabala S. Tissue-specific respiratory burst oxidase homolog-dependent H2O2 signaling to the plasma membrane H+-ATPase confers potassium uptake and salinity tolerance in Cucurbitaceae. J Exp Bot 2019; 70:5879-5893. [PMID: 31290978 PMCID: PMC6812723 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is a critical determinant of salinity tolerance, and H2O2 has been recognized as an important signaling molecule that mediates many physiological responses. However, the details of how H2O2 signaling regulates K+ uptake in the root under salt stress remain elusive. In this study, salt-sensitive cucumber and salt-tolerant pumpkin which belong to the same family, Cucurbitaceae, were used to answer the above question. We show that higher salt tolerance in pumpkin was related to its superior ability for K+ uptake and higher H2O2 accumulation in the root apex. Transcriptome analysis showed that salinity induced 5816 (3005 up- and 2811 down-) and 4679 (3965 up- and 714 down-) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in cucumber and pumpkin, respectively. DEGs encoding NADPH oxidase (respiratory burst oxidase homolog D; RBOHD), 14-3-3 protein (GRF12), plasma membrane H+-ATPase (AHA1), and potassium transporter (HAK5) showed higher expression in pumpkin than in cucumber under salinity stress. Treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium resulted in lower RBOHD, GRF12, AHA1, and HAK5 expression, reduced plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, and lower K+ uptake, leading to a loss of the salinity tolerance trait in pumpkin. The opposite results were obtained when the plants were pre-treated with exogenous H2O2. Knocking out of RBOHD in pumpkin by CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9] editing of coding sequences resulted in lower root apex H2O2 and K+ content and GRF12, AHA1, and HAK5 expression, ultimately resulting in a salt-sensitive phenotype. However, ectopic expression of pumpkin RBOHD in Arabidopsis led to the opposite effect. Taken together, this study shows that RBOHD-dependent H2O2 signaling in the root apex is important for pumpkin salt tolerance and suggests a novel mechanism that confers this trait, namely RBOHD-mediated transcriptional and post-translational activation of plasma membrane H+-ATPase operating upstream of HAK5 K+ uptake transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Haishun Cao
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mu Xiong
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mengliang Niu
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Zuhua Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lijian Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhaowen Peng
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhilong Bie
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, PR China
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Xu Z, Tang T, Cheng H, Bao Q, Yu J, Zhang C, Wu T, Zhao X, Schramm KW, Wang Y. Negligible effects of TiO 2 nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations on the translocation and accumulation of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonate in hydroponically grown pumpkin seedlings (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata). Sci Total Environ 2019; 686:171-178. [PMID: 31176816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) are widely distributed in the environment. It has been demonstrated that TiO2-NPs could modify the environmental fate and bioavailability of organic pollutants, which affects ecological risks of TiO2-NPs and organic pollutants. In this study, the uptake, translocation and accumulation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in pumpkin plants was investigated in the presence of TiO2-NPs. We reported for the first time the negligible effects of TiO2-NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.05-5 mg/L) on the uptake and accumulation of PFOA and PFOS in hydroponically grown pumpkin seedlings regardless of root, stem and leaf. This phenomenon was independent of the initial concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and TiO2-NPs in the exposure solution. Also, seedling mass and contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin were not affected by the co-exposure. Adsorption tests demonstrated the negligible adsorption of PFOA/PFOS on TiO2-NPs in the exposure solution. Moreover, uptake of PFOA/PFOS was insensitive to aquaporin inhibitor AgNO3 but significantly inhibited by niflumic acid (anion channel blocker) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (metabolic inhibitor) whereas Ti concentration in root was not affected by niflumic acid and 2,4-dinitrophenol but significantly decreased by AgNO3, indicating that transport of PFOA/PFOS and TiO2-NPs were via different routes into the pumpkin seedling. It was proposed that different pathways by which TiO2-NPs and PFOA/PFOS transported into the pumpkin seedling and negligible adsorption of PFOA/PFOS on TiO2-NPs contributed to the negligible effects of TiO2-NPs on the uptake, translocation and accumulation of PFOA/PFOS in pumpkin seedlings. In total, this work would improve our understanding of the ecological risks of TiO2-NPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Haixiang Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qibei Bao
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou University, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products (in prepared), Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Center Munich - National Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr.1, Neuherberg D85764, Germany; Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung und Landnutzung, Department für Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, Freising D85350, Germany
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zhao S, Liang T, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu T, Fu J, Wang B, Zhan J, Liu L. Fate of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) based on hydroponic culture: Uptake, translocation and biotransformation. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:804-812. [PMID: 31200206 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is currently used as an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and is widely detected in the environment. The uptake, translocation and biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) were investigated by hydroponic exposure for the first time. The root concentration factor (RCF) of 6:2 FTSA was 2.6-24.2 times as high as those of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) of the same or much shorter carbon chain length, demonstrating much higher bioaccumulative ability of 6:2 FTSA in pumpkin roots. The translocation capability of 6:2 FTSA from root to shoot depended on its hydrophobicity. Six terminal perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) metabolites, including perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) were found in pumpkin roots and shoots. PFHpA was the primary metabolite in roots, while PFBA was the major product in shoots. 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), a cytochromes P450 (CYPs) suicide inhibitor, could decrease the concentrations of PFCA products with dose-dependent relationships in pumpkin tissues, implying the role of CYP enzymes involved in plant biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA. This study indicated that the application of 6:2 FTSA can lead to the occurrence of PFCAs (C2-C7) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China.
| | - Tiankun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, PR China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, 124221, PR China
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Solhaug EM, Johnson E, Carter CJ. Carbohydrate Metabolism and Signaling in Squash Nectaries and Nectar Throughout Floral Maturation. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:1930-1946. [PMID: 31213512 PMCID: PMC6670107 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Floral nectar is a sugary solution produced by plants to entice pollinator visitation. A general mechanism for nectar secretion has been established from genetic studies in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, supporting metabolic and biochemical evidence for this model is scarce in other plant species. We used squash (Cucurbita pepo) to test whether the genetic model of nectar secretion in Arabidopsis is supported at the metabolic level in other species. As such, we analyzed the expression and activity of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in squash nectaries throughout floral maturation and the associated starch and soluble sugars, as well as nectar volume and sugar under different growth conditions. Here we show that the steps that are important for nectar secretion in Arabidopsis, including nectary starch degradation, Suc synthesis, and Suc export, are supported by metabolic and biochemical data in C. pepo Additionally, our findings suggest that sugars imported from the phloem during nectar secretion, without prior storage as starch, are important for generating C. pepo nectar. Finally, we predict that trehalose and trehalose 6-P play important regulatory roles in nectary starch degradation and nectar secretion. These data improve our understanding of how nectar is produced in an agronomically relevant species with the potential for use as a model to help us gain insight into the biochemistry and metabolism of nectar secretion in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik M Solhaug
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth Johnson
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Clay J Carter
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota
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Lezzhov AA, Atabekova AK, Tolstyko EA, Lazareva EA, Solovyev AG. RNA phloem transport mediated by pre-miRNA and viral tRNA-like structures. Plant Sci 2019; 284:99-107. [PMID: 31084885 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phloem-mobile mRNAs are assumed to contain sequence elements directing RNA to the phloem translocation pathway. One of such elements is represented by tRNA sequences embedded in untranslated regions of many mRNAs, including those proved to be mobile. Genomic RNAs of a number of plant viruses possess a 3'-terminal tRNA-like structures (TLSs) only distantly related to genuine tRNAs, but nevertheless aminoacylated and capable of interaction with some tRNA-binding proteins. Here, we elaborated an experimental system for analysis of RNA phloem transport based on an engineered RNA of Potato virus X capable of replication, but not encapsidation and movement in plants. The TLSs of Brome mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus and Turnip yellow mosaic virus were demonstrated to enable the phloem transport of foreign RNA. A miRNA precursor, pre-miR390b, was also found to render RNA competent for the phloem transport. In line with this, sequences of miRNA precursors were identified in a Cucurbita maxima phloem transcriptome, supporting the hypothesis that, at least in some cases, miRNA phloem signaling can involve miRNA precursors. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that RNA molecules can be directed into the phloem translocation pathway by structured RNA elements such as those of viral TLSs and miRNA precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Lezzhov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia K Atabekova
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Eugeny A Tolstyko
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Lazareva
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Department of Virology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Wang Y, Yan C, Zou B, Wang C, Xu W, Cui C, Qu S. Morphological, Transcriptomic and Hormonal Characterization of Trimonoecious and Subandroecious Pumpkin ( Cucurbita maxima) Suggests Important Roles of Ethylene in Sex Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133185. [PMID: 31261811 PMCID: PMC6651883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex expression is a complex process, and in-depth knowledge of its mechanism in pumpkin is important. In this study, young shoot apices at the one-true-leaf stage and 10-leaf stage in Cucurbita maxima trimonoecious line ‘2013–12’ and subandroecious line ‘9–6’ were collected as materials, and transcriptome sequencing was performed using an Illumina HiSeqTM 2000 System. 496 up-regulated genes and 375 down-regulated genes were identified between shoot apices containing mostly male flower buds and only female flower buds. Based on gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the ethylene and auxin synthesis and signal transduction pathways. In addition, shoot apices at the 4-leaf stage were treated with the ethylene-releasing agent 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (Ethrel), aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), AgNO3 and indoleacetic acid (IAA). The number of female flowers up to node 20 on the main stem of ‘2013–12’ increased significantly after Ethrel and IAA treatment and decreased significantly after AVG and AgNO3 treatment. The female flowers in ‘9–6’ showed slight changes after treatment with the exogenous chemicals. The expression of key genes in ethylene synthesis and signal transduction (CmaACS7, CmaACO1, CmaETR1 and CmaEIN3) was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, and the expression of these four genes was positively correlated with the number of female flowers in ‘2013–12’. The variations in gene expression, especially that of CmaACS7, after chemical treatment were small in ‘9–6’. From stage 1 (S1) to stage 7 (S7) of flower development, the expression of CmaACS7 in the stamen was much lower than that in the ovary, stigma and style. These transcriptome data and chemical treatment results indicated that IAA might affect pumpkin sex expression by inducing CmaACS7 expression and indirectly affecting ethylene production, and the ethylene synthesis and signal transduction pathways play crucial roles in pumpkin flower sex expression. A possible reason for the differences in sex expression between pumpkin lines ‘2013–12’ and ‘9–6’ was proposed based on the key gene expression. Overall, these transcriptome data and chemical treatment results suggest important roles for ethylene in pumpkin sex expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chundong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Bingxue Zou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Chongshi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture/Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Piccolella S, Bianco A, Crescente G, Santillo A, Chieffi Baccari G, Pacifico S. Recovering Cucurbita pepo cv. 'Lungo Fiorentino' Wastes: UHPLC-HRMS/MS Metabolic Profile, the Basis for Establishing Their Nutra- and Cosmeceutical Valorisation. Molecules 2019; 24:E1479. [PMID: 30991700 PMCID: PMC6514934 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-waste is produced throughout all the food supply chain, with a large part already achieved at farm level. In fact, fruits and vegetables, which do not satisfy aesthetic demands, cannot be marketed, but their recovery could favour their valorisation for the obtainment of highly qualified goods. In this context, faulty zucchini fruits (cultivar 'Lungo Fiorentino'), intended for disposal, were rescued as effective, inexpensive and bio-sustainable source for cosmeceutical purposes. Zucchini fruits underwent extraction and fractionation to obtain ZLF-O and ZLF-A extracts, which were chemically characterized by UHPLC-HRMS. ZLF-A extract, rich in flavonols and flavones, scavenged massively DPPH• and ABTS•+, and was not cytotoxic at doses up to 200 μ g/mL. Thus, ZLF-A was incorporated into a base cream formula. Zucchini-based emulsion was deeply screened for its antiradical properties and cytotoxicity towards human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. ZLF-A-enriched cream, whose chemical stability was assessed over time and mimicking different storage conditions, was further tested on reconstructed epidermis disks (EpiskinTM). The recovery of valuable chemical substances from zucchini agro-food waste, complying with the principles of valorisation and sustainable development, can represent a new market force for local farmers. Data acquired were eager to convey a suitable reuse of nutraceuticals rich zucchini waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bianco
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Crescente
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Santillo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Chieffi Baccari
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Palma F, Carvajal F, Jiménez-Muñoz R, Pulido A, Jamilena M, Garrido D. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment improves the cold tolerance of zucchini fruit during postharvest storage. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:188-195. [PMID: 30685698 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work examines the effect of a treatment with 1 mM of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on zucchini fruit during postharvest cold storage. Specifically, the effect of GABA on postharvest quality was measured, as well as its implication in the GABA shunt and other related metabolic pathways. The treatments were performed in Sinatra, a variety of zucchini highly sensitive to low-temperature storage. The application of GABA improved the quality of zucchini fruit stored at 4 °C, with a reduction of chilling-injury index, weight loss, and cell death, as well as a lower rate of electrolyte leakage. GABA content was significantly higher in the treated fruit than in the control fruit at all times analyzed. At the end of the storage period, GABA-treated fruit had higher contents of both proline and putrescine. The catabolism of this polyamine was not affected by exogenous GABA. Also, over the long term, the treatment induced the GABA shunt by increasing the activities of the enzymes GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). GABA-treated fruit contained higher levels of fumarate and malate than did non-treated fruit, as well as higher ATP and NADH contents. These results imply that the GABA shunt is involved in providing metabolites to produce energy, reduce power, and help the fruit to cope with cold stress over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Palma
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fátima Carvajal
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Jiménez-Muñoz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Amada Pulido
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Department of Plant Physiology, Facultad de Ciencias, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Ilina EL, Kiryushkin AS, Semenova VA, Demchenko NP, Pawlowski K, Demchenko KN. Lateral root initiation and formation within the parental root meristem of Cucurbita pepo: is auxin a key player? Ann Bot 2018; 122:873-888. [PMID: 29684107 PMCID: PMC6215038 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims In some plant families, including Cucurbitaceae, initiation and development of lateral roots (LRs) occur in the parental root apical meristem. The objective of this study was to identify the general mechanisms underlying LR initiation (LRI). Therefore, the first cellular events leading to LRI as well as the role of auxin in this process were studied in the Cucurbita pepo root apical meristem. Methods Transgenic hairy roots harbouring the auxin-responsive promoter DR5 fused to different reporter genes were used for visualizing of cellular auxin response maxima (ARMs) via confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3-D imaging. The effects of exogenous auxin and auxin transport inhibitors on root branching were analysed. Key Results The earliest LRI event involved a group of symmetric anticlinal divisions in pericycle cell files at a distance of 250-350 µm from the initial cells. The visualization of the ARMs enabled the precise detection of cells involved in determining the site of LR primordium formation. A local ARM appeared in sister cells of the pericycle and endodermis files before the first division. Cortical cells contributed to LR development after the anticlinal divisions in the pericycle via the formation of an ARM. Exogenous auxins did not increase the total number of LRs and did not affect the LRI index. Although exogenous auxin transport inhibitors acted in different ways, they all reduced the number of LRs formed. Conclusions Literature data, as well as results obtained in this study, suggest that the formation of a local ARM before the first anticlinal formative divisions is the common mechanism underlying LRI in flowering plants. We propose that the mechanisms of the regulation of root branching are independent of the position of the LRI site relative to the parental root tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Ilina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey S Kiryushkin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria A Semenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay P Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirill N Demchenko
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Development, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Podbelsky chaussee, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Hou X, Yu M, Liu A, Li Y, Ruan T, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A dimethyl ether back to tetrabromobisphenol A in whole pumpkin plants. Environ Pollut 2018; 241:331-338. [PMID: 29843015 PMCID: PMC6351071 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
As the metabolites of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), tetrabromobisphenol A mono- and di-methyl ethers (TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME) have been detected in various environmental media. However, knowledge of the contribution of plants to their environmental fates, especially to the interactions between TBBPA DME and TBBPA, is quite limited. In this study, the metabolism and behaviors of TBBPA DME was studied with pumpkin plants through 15-day hydroponic exposure. The TBBPA were also studied separately using in-lab hydroponic exposure for comparison. The results showed that more TBBPA DME accumulated in pumpkin roots and translocated up to stems and leaves compared with TBBPA. Transformation of TBBPA DME occurred later and more slowly than that of TBBPA. Interconversion between TBBPA DME and TBBPA was verified in intact plants for the first time. Namely, TBBPA DME can be biotransformed to TBBPA MME (transformation ratio in mole mass, TRMM 0.50%) and to TBBPA (TRMM 0.53%) within pumpkin; and TBBPA can be biotransformed to TBBPA MME (TRMM 0.58%) and to TBBPA DME (TRMM 0.62%). In addition, two single benzene-ring metabolites, 2,6-dibromo-4-(2-(2-hydroxyl)-propyl)-anisole (DBHPA, TRMM 3.4%) with an O-methyl group and 2,6-dibromo-4-(2-(2-hydroxyl)-propyl)-phenetole (DBHPP, TRMM 0.57%) with an O-ethyl group, were identified as the transformation products in the TBBPA exposure experiments. The transformation and interconversion from TBBPA DME back to TBBPA is reported as a new pathway and potential source for TBBPA in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ting Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhao S, Liang T, Zhou T, Li D, Wang B, Zhan J, Liu L. Biotransformation and responses of antioxidant enzymes in hydroponically cultured soybean and pumpkin exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 161:669-675. [PMID: 29935431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) is an important perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursor used for commercial applications. In order to investigate the transformation and responses of selected antioxidant and degradation enzymes of FOSA in the plants, in vivo exposure of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) were conducted in the solution-plant microcosms. FOSA was readily taken up by soybean and pumpkin roots and translocated to shoots, and metabolized to PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). Although morphological and biomass effects were not visible, significant changes in oxidative stress response were observed except for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were significantly increased by 19.2-30.8% and 19.2-20.7% in soybean (8-12 d) respectively, and increased by 39.2-92.8% and 21.1-37.6% in pumpkin (3-12 d) respectively, suggesting an activation of the antioxidant defense system in the plants exposed to FOSA. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were decreased in soybean (2-12 d) with 9.0-36.1% inhibition and increased in pumpkin (3-12 d) with 22.5-47.3% activation respectively; cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activities were increased markedly in soybean and pumpkin with 13.2-53.6% and 26.7-50.2% activation respectively, giving indirect evidences on the involvement of CYP450 and GST in degradation of FOSA in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
| | - Tiankun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Bohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
| | - Lifen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China
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Sun J, Cao H, Cheng J, He X, Sohail H, Niu M, Huang Y, Bie Z. Pumpkin CmHKT1;1 Controls Shoot Na⁺ Accumulation via Limiting Na⁺ Transport from Rootstock to Scion in Grafted Cucumber. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2648. [PMID: 30200653 PMCID: PMC6165489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity adversely affects the growth and yield of crops, including cucumber, one of the most important vegetables in the world. Grafting with salt-tolerant pumpkin as the rootstock effectively improves the growth of cucumber under different salt conditions by limiting Na⁺ transport from the pumpkin rootstock to the cucumber scion. High-affinity potassium transporters (HKTs) are crucial for the long distance transport of Na⁺ in plants, but the function of pumpkin HKTs in this process of grafted cucumber plants remains unclear. In this work, we have characterized CmHKT1;1 as a member of the HKT gene family in Cucurbita moschata and observed an obvious upregulation of CmHKT1;1 in roots under NaCl stress conditions. Heterologous expression analyses in yeast mutants indicated that CmHKT1;1 is a Na⁺-selective transporter. The transient expression in tobacco epidermal cells and in situ hybridization showed CmHKT1;1 localization at plasma membrane, and preferential expression in root stele. Moreover, ectopic expression of CmHKT1;1 in cucumber decreased the Na⁺ accumulation in the plants shoots. Finally, the CmHKT1;1 transgenic line as the rootstock decreased the Na⁺ content in the wild type shoots. These findings suggest that CmHKT1;1 plays a key role in the salt tolerance of grafted cucumber by limiting Na⁺ transport from the rootstock to the scion and can further be useful for engineering salt tolerance in cucurbit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Haishun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jintao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaomeng He
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mengliang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Zhilong Bie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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46
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Wu X, Wang W, Zhu L. Enhanced organic contaminants accumulation in crops: Mechanisms, interactions with engineered nanomaterials in soil. Environ Pollut 2018; 240:51-59. [PMID: 29729569 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of enhanced accumulation of organic contaminants in crops with engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) were investigated by co-exposure of crops (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk (Swamp morning-glory), Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber), Zea mays L. (corn), Spinacia oleracea L. (spinach) and Cucurbita moschata (pumpkin))to a range of chemicals (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE)) and ENMs (TiO2, Ag, Al2O3, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs)) in soil. Induced by 50 mg kg-1 graphene co-exposure, the increase range of BDE-209, BaP, p,p'-DDE, HCB, PYR, FLU, ANT, and PHEN in the plants were increased in the range of 7.51-36.42, 5.69-32.77, 7.09-59.43, 11.61-66.73, 4.58-57.71, 5.79-109.07, 12.85-109.76, and15.57-127.75 ng g-1, respectively. The contaminants in ENMs-spiked and control soils were separated into bioavailable, bound and residual fractions using a sequential ultrasonic extraction procedure (SUEP) to investigate the mechanism of the enhanced accumulation. The bioavailable fraction in spiked soils showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) from that in the control, while the bound fraction increased in equal proportion (p > 0.05) to the reduction in the residual fraction. These results implied that ENMs can competitively adsorbed the bound of organic contaminants from soil and co-transferred into crops, followed by a portion of the residual fraction transferred to the bound fraction to maintain the balance of different fractions in soils. The mass balance was all higher than 98.5%, indicating the portion of degraded contaminants was less than 1.5%. These findings could expand our knowledge about the organic contaminants accumulation enhancement in crops with ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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47
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Ren Y, Xu Q, Wang L, Guo S, Shu S, Lu N, Sun J. Involvement of metabolic, physiological and hormonal responses in the graft-compatible process of cucumber/pumpkin combinations was revealed through the integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:368-380. [PMID: 29940473 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used technique, and graft compatibility between the rootstock and scion is a prerequisite for grafting. To date, the underlying causes of graft compatibility/incompatibility remain largely unknown. Here, using cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted onto pumpkin (Cucurbita L.) rootstocks with different degrees of graft compatibility, and both self-grafting and non-grafting as controls, an integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression and regulatory networks was conducted by using RNA-Seq and sRNA-Seq at 25 days after grafting (DAG). A total of 223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 30 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) related to graft compatibility were identified based on their fold change. Using a combination of GO annotations and KEGG pathway data, the functional annotations and pathways of DEGs and DEM targets showed that a number of metabolic, physiological and hormonal responses are involved in graft compatibility in cucumber leaves including metabolic processes (e.g., "carbohydrate metabolic processes"), nutrient transport (e.g., "sugar transport"), signal transduction (e.g., "MAPK cascade"), plant hormone signal transduction (e.g., "abscisic acid-activated signaling pathway"), transcription factors (e.g., MYB, NAC and bHLH), oxidation-reduction processes, and defense responses. The results of our comprehensive analysis suggested that compatible rootstocks might possess a greater ability for cell proliferation and a more efficient carbohydrate metabolism that promotes plant growth. In contrast, incompatible grafts induced multiple defense response-related genes and various transcription factors, likely in response to stress. Additionally, they consumed large amounts of energy, which ultimately restrained the plants normal development. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant graft compatible/incompatible responses and provides numerous mRNA and miRNA candidates for more in-depth studies into the graft compatibility process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shirong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Shu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Na Lu
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Science, Chiba University, Kashiwa-no-ha 6-2-1, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Sun
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetables Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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48
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Vyskočilová S, Tay WT, van Brunschot S, Seal S, Colvin J. An integrative approach to discovering cryptic species within the Bemisia tabaci whitefly species complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10886. [PMID: 30022040 PMCID: PMC6052153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic whitefly-species complex that includes some of the most damaging pests and plant-virus vectors of a diverse range of food and fibre crops worldwide. We combine experimental evidence of: (i) differences in reproductive compatibility, (ii) hybrid verification using a specific nuclear DNA marker and hybrid fertility confirmation and (iii) high-throughput sequencing-derived mitogenomes, to show that the "Mediterranean" (MED) B. tabaci comprises at least two distinct biological species; the globally invasive MED from the Mediterranean Basin and the "African silver-leafing" (ASL) from sub-Saharan Africa, which has no associated invasion records. We demonstrate that, contrary to its common name, the "ASL" does not induce squash silver-leafing symptoms and show that species delimitation based on the widely applied 3.5% partial mtCOI gene sequence divergence threshold produces discordant results, depending on the mtCOI region selected. Of the 292 published mtCOI sequences from MED/ASL groups, 158 (54%) are low quality and/or potential pseudogenes. We demonstrate fundamental deficiencies in delimiting cryptic B. tabaci species, based solely on partial sequences of a mitochondrial barcoding gene. We advocate an integrative approach to reveal the true species richness within cryptic species complexes, which is integral to the deployment of effective pest and disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soňa Vyskočilová
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sharon van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
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Montero-Pau J, Blanca J, Bombarely A, Ziarsolo P, Esteras C, Martí-Gómez C, Ferriol M, Gómez P, Jamilena M, Mueller L, Picó B, Cañizares J. De novo assembly of the zucchini genome reveals a whole-genome duplication associated with the origin of the Cucurbita genus. Plant Biotechnol J 2018. [PMID: 29112324 DOI: 10.1101/147702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbita genus (squashes, pumpkins and gourds) includes important domesticated species such as C. pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata. In this study, we present a high-quality draft of the zucchini (C. pepo) genome. The assembly has a size of 263 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 1.8 Mb and 34 240 gene models. It includes 92% of the conserved BUSCO core gene set, and it is estimated to cover 93.0% of the genome. The genome is organized in 20 pseudomolecules that represent 81.4% of the assembly, and it is integrated with a genetic map of 7718 SNPs. Despite the small genome size, three independent lines of evidence support that the C. pepo genome is the result of a whole-genome duplication: the topology of the gene family phylogenies, the karyotype organization and the distribution of 4DTv distances. Additionally, 40 transcriptomes of 12 species of the genus were assembled and analysed together with all the other published genomes of the Cucurbitaceae family. The duplication was detected in all the Cucurbita species analysed, including C. maxima and C. moschata, but not in the more distant cucurbits belonging to the Cucumis and Citrullus genera, and it is likely to have occurred 30 ± 4 Mya in the ancestral species that gave rise to the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Montero-Pau
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Blanca
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Peio Ziarsolo
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Martí-Gómez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Ferriol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo (IAM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- IFAPA Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera, Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and Geology, Research Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
| | - Lukas Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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50
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Montero‐Pau J, Blanca J, Bombarely A, Ziarsolo P, Esteras C, Martí‐Gómez C, Ferriol M, Gómez P, Jamilena M, Mueller L, Picó B, Cañizares J. De novo assembly of the zucchini genome reveals a whole-genome duplication associated with the origin of the Cucurbita genus. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1161-1171. [PMID: 29112324 PMCID: PMC5978595 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbita genus (squashes, pumpkins and gourds) includes important domesticated species such as C. pepo, C. maxima and C. moschata. In this study, we present a high-quality draft of the zucchini (C. pepo) genome. The assembly has a size of 263 Mb, a scaffold N50 of 1.8 Mb and 34 240 gene models. It includes 92% of the conserved BUSCO core gene set, and it is estimated to cover 93.0% of the genome. The genome is organized in 20 pseudomolecules that represent 81.4% of the assembly, and it is integrated with a genetic map of 7718 SNPs. Despite the small genome size, three independent lines of evidence support that the C. pepo genome is the result of a whole-genome duplication: the topology of the gene family phylogenies, the karyotype organization and the distribution of 4DTv distances. Additionally, 40 transcriptomes of 12 species of the genus were assembled and analysed together with all the other published genomes of the Cucurbitaceae family. The duplication was detected in all the Cucurbita species analysed, including C. maxima and C. moschata, but not in the more distant cucurbits belonging to the Cucumis and Citrullus genera, and it is likely to have occurred 30 ± 4 Mya in the ancestral species that gave rise to the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Montero‐Pau
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - José Blanca
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Aureliano Bombarely
- Department of HorticultureVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Peio Ziarsolo
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Cristina Esteras
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Carlos Martí‐Gómez
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - María Ferriol
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo (IAM)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Pedro Gómez
- IFAPA Centro La MojoneraLa MojoneraAlmeríaSpain
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Department of Biology and GeologyResearch Centers CIAIMBITAL and CeiA3University of AlmeriaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Lukas Mueller
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant ResearchIthacaNYUSA
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV‐UPV)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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