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Papa P, Whitefield B, Mortensen DS, Cashion D, Huang D, Torres E, Parnes J, Sapienza J, Hansen J, Correa M, Delgado M, Harris R, Hegde S, Norris S, Bahmanyar S, Plantevin-Krenitsky V, Liu Z, Leftheris K, Kulkarni A, Bennett B, Hur EM, Ringheim G, Khambatta G, Chan H, Muir J, Blease K, Burnett K, LeBrun L, Morrison L, Celeridad M, Khattri R, Cathers BE. Discovery of the Selective Protein Kinase C-θ Kinase Inhibitor, CC-90005. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11886-11903. [PMID: 34355886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The PKC-θ isoform of protein kinase C is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and plays an important role in the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-triggered activation of mature T cells, T cell proliferation, and the subsequent release of cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2). Herein, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of PKC-θ inhibitors. Through a combination of structure-guided design and exploratory SAR, suitable replacements for the basic C4 amine of the original lead (3) were identified. Property-guided design enabled the identification of appropriately substituted C2 groups to afford potent analogs with metabolic stability and permeability to support in vivo testing. With exquisite general kinase selectivity, cellular inhibition of T cell activation as assessed by IL-2 expression, a favorable safety profile, and demonstrated in vivo efficacy in models of acute and chronic T cell activation with oral dosing, CC-90005 (57) was selected for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Papa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brandon Whitefield
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Deborah S Mortensen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dan Cashion
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Dehua Huang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jason Parnes
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - John Sapienza
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Joshua Hansen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew Correa
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mercedes Delgado
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Roy Harris
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sayee Hegde
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Stephen Norris
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Sogole Bahmanyar
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Zheng Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Ashutosh Kulkarni
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brydon Bennett
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Eun Mi Hur
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Garth Ringheim
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 86 Morris Avenue, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Godrej Khambatta
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Henry Chan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jeffrey Muir
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kate Blease
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Kelven Burnett
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Laurie LeBrun
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lisa Morrison
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Roli Khattri
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Brian E Cathers
- Bristol Myers Squibb, 10300 Campus Point Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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Fronik P, Poetsch I, Kastner A, Mendrina T, Hager S, Hohenwallner K, Schueffl H, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Koellensperger G, Rampler E, Kopecka J, Riganti C, Berger W, Keppler BK, Heffeter P, Kowol CR. Structure-Activity Relationships of Triple-Action Platinum(IV) Prodrugs with Albumin-Binding Properties and Immunomodulating Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12132-12151. [PMID: 34403254 PMCID: PMC8404199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy with platinum complexes is essential for clinical anticancer therapy. However, due to side effects and drug resistance, further drug improvement is urgently needed. Herein, we report on triple-action platinum(IV) prodrugs, which, in addition to tumor targeting via maleimide-mediated albumin binding, release the immunomodulatory ligand 1-methyl-d-tryptophan (1-MDT). Unexpectedly, structure-activity relationship analysis showed that the mode of 1-MDT conjugation distinctly impacts the reducibility and thus activation of the prodrugs. This in turn affected ligand release, pharmacokinetic properties, efficiency of immunomodulation, and the anticancer activity in vitro and in a mouse model in vivo. Moreover, we could demonstrate that the design of albumin-targeted multi-modal prodrugs using platinum(IV) is a promising strategy to enhance the cellular uptake of bioactive ligands with low cell permeability (1-MDT) and to improve their selective delivery into the malignant tissue. This will allow tumor-specific anticancer therapy supported by a favorably tuned immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Fronik
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Kastner
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Mendrina
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Hager
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Hohenwallner
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hemma Schueffl
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Herndler-Brandstetter
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department
of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department
of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute
of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R. Kowol
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research
Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Rashidian G, Lazado CC, Mahboub HH, Mohammadi-Aloucheh R, Prokić MD, Nada HS, Faggio C. Chemically and Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Alter Key Immunological Molecules in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Skin Mucus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063270. [PMID: 33806904 PMCID: PMC8004943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the effects of commercially available (C) and green synthesized (GS) Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on immunological responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) skin mucus. GS ZnO-NPs were generated using Thymus pubescent and characterized by UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fish (n = 150) were randomly allocated into five groups in triplicate and received a waterborne concentration of 0% (control), 25%, and 50% of LC50 96 h of commercially available (C1 and C2) and green synthesized ZnO-NPs (GS1 and GS2) for 21 days. Results from XRD displayed ZnO-NPs with 58 nm in size and UV-vis DRS, EDX, and FT-IR analysis showed that some functional groups from plant extract bonded to the surface of NPs. The SEM images showed that ZnO-NPs have conical morphology. Acute toxicity study showed a higher dose of LC5096h for green synthesized ZnO-NPs (78.9 mg.L−1) compared to the commercial source (59.95 mg.L−1). The highest activity of lysozyme and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were found in control and GS1 groups. A significant decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was found in C1 and C2 groups compared to other treatments. Protease activity (P) was significantly decreased in the C2 group compared to the control and GS groups. Total immunoglobulin (total Ig) content was the highest in the control. In addition, total Ig in the GS1 group was higher than GS2. The exposure to ZnO-NPs lowered total protein content in all experimental groups when compared to control. Present findings revealed lower induced immunosuppressive effects by green synthesized ZnO-NPs on key parameters of fish skin mucus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 4641776489, Iran
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (C.F.); Tel.:+98-9359487330 (G.R.); +39-090-6765213 (C.F.)
| | - Carlo C. Lazado
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Heba H. Mahboub
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | | | - Marko D. Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Hend S. Nada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 S Agata-Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (C.F.); Tel.:+98-9359487330 (G.R.); +39-090-6765213 (C.F.)
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Bielecki PA, Lorkowski ME, Becicka WM, Atukorale PU, Moon TJ, Zhang Y, Wiese M, Covarrubias G, Ravichandran S, Karathanasis E. Immunostimulatory silica nanoparticle boosts innate immunity in brain tumors. Nanoscale Horiz 2021; 6:156-167. [PMID: 33400743 PMCID: PMC7878432 DOI: 10.1039/d0nh00446d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality associated with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is attributed to its invasive nature, hypoxic core, resistant cell subpopulations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). To support adaptive immune function and establish a more robust antitumor immune response, we boosted the local innate immune compartment of GBM using an immunostimulatory mesoporous silica nanoparticle, termed immuno-MSN. The immuno-MSN was specifically designed for systemic and proficient delivery of a potent innate immune agonist to dysfunctional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the brain TME. The cargo of the immuno-MSN was cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (cdGMP), a Stimulator of Interferon Gene (STING) agonist. Studies showed the immuno-MSN promoted the uptake of STING agonist by APCs in vitro and the subsequent release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon β, 6-fold greater than free agonist. In an orthotopic GBM mouse model, systemically administered immuno-MSN particles were taken up by APCs in the near-perivascular regions of the brain tumor with striking efficiency. The immuno-MSNs facilitated the recruitment of dendritic cells and macrophages to the TME while sparing healthy brain tissue and peripheral organs, resulting in elevated circulating CD8+ T cell activity (2.5-fold) and delayed GBM tumor growth. We show that an engineered immunostimulatory nanoparticle can support pro-inflammatory innate immune function in GBM and subsequently augment current immunotherapeutic interventions and improve their therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Bielecki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells, an important subset of CD4+ T cells, help to eliminate extracellular infectious pathogens that have invaded our tissues. Despite the critical roles of Th17 cells in immunity, how the immune system regulates the production and maintenance of this cell type remains poorly understood. In particular, the plasticity of these cells or their dynamic ability to trans-differentiate into other CD4+ T cell subsets remains mostly uncharacterized. Here, we report a synthetic immunology approach using a photoactivatable immune modulator (PIM) to increase Th17 cell differentiation on demand with spatial and temporal precision to help elucidate this important and dynamic process. In this chemical strategy, we developed a latent agonist that upon photochemical activation releases a small-molecule ligand that targets the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and ultimately induces Th17 cell differentiation. We used this chemical tool to control AhR activation with spatiotemporal precision within cells and to modulate Th17 cell differentiation on demand using UV light illumination. We envision that this approach will enable an understanding of the dynamic functions and behaviors of Th17 cells in vivo during immune responses and in mouse models of inflammatory disease.
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Khavinson V, Linkova N, Dyatlova A, Kuznik B, Umnov R. Peptides: Prospects for Use in the Treatment of COVID-19. Molecules 2020; 25:E4389. [PMID: 32987757 PMCID: PMC7583759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a vast practice of using antimalarial drugs, RAS inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, inhibitors of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus and immunosuppressants for the treatment of the severe form of COVID-19, which often occurs in patients with chronic diseases and older persons. Currently, the clinical efficacy of these drugs for COVID-19 has not been proven yet. Side effects of antimalarial drugs can worsen the condition of patients and increase the likelihood of death. Peptides, given their physiological mechanism of action, have virtually no side effects. Many of them are geroprotectors and can be used in patients with chronic diseases. Peptides may be able to prevent the development of the pathological process during COVID-19 by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins, thereby having immuno- and bronchoprotective effects on lung cells, and normalizing the state of the hemostasis system. Immunomodulators (RKDVY, EW, KE, AEDG), possessing a physiological mechanism of action at low concentrations, appear to be the most promising group among the peptides. They normalize the cytokines' synthesis and have an anti-inflammatory effect, thereby preventing the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Khavinson
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (A.D.); (R.U.)
- The Group of Peptide Regulation of Aging, Pavlov Institute of Physiology of RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Linkova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (A.D.); (R.U.)
- Department of Therapy, Geriatry, and Anti-Aging Medicine, Academy of Postgraduate Education under FSBU FSCC of FMBA of Russia, 125310 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Dyatlova
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (A.D.); (R.U.)
| | - Boris Kuznik
- Department of the normal physiology, Chita State Medical Academy, 672000 Chita, Russia;
| | - Roman Umnov
- Department of Biogerontology, Saint Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, 197110 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (V.K.); (A.D.); (R.U.)
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Costa de Oliveira R, Soares Pontes G, Kostyuk A, Coutinho Camargo GB, Dhyani A, Shvydenko T, Shvydenko K, Grafov A. Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Activities of a Novel Water-Soluble Derivative of Ellipticine. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092130. [PMID: 32370100 PMCID: PMC7248987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still remains a major public health concern around the world and the search for new potential antitumor molecules is essential for fighting the disease. This study evaluated the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of the newly synthetized ellipticine derivate: sodium bromo-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-7-sulfonate (Br-Ell-SO3Na). It was prepared by the chlorosulfonation of 9-bromoellipticine. The ellipticine-7-sulfonic acid itself is not soluble, but its saponification with sodium hydroxide afforded a water-soluble sodium salt. The cytotoxicity of Br-Ell-SO3Na was tested against cancerous (K562 cell line) and non-cancerous cells (Vero cell line and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)) using a Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry and the immunomodulatory activity was analyzed through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the Br-Ell-SO3Na molecule has specific anticancer activity (IC50 = 35 µM) against the K562 cell line, once no cytotoxicity effect was verified against non-cancerous cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that K562 cells treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na were arrested in the phase S. Moreover, the production of IL-6 increased and the expression of IL-8 was inhibited in the human PBMC treated with Br-Ell-SO3Na. The results demonstrated that Br-Ell-SO3Na is a promising anticancer molecule attested by its noteworthy activity against the K562 tumor cell line and immunomodulatory activity in human PBMC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Gabriel B. Coutinho Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Djalma Batista, 3578-Flores, Manaus-AM, Brazil; (R.C.d.O.); (G.S.P.); (G.B.C.C.)
| | - Anamika Dhyani
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2.936-Petrópolis-Manaus-AM, Brazil;
| | - Tetiana Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Kostiantyn Shvydenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine; (A.K.); (K.S.)
- JSC “Farmak”, Kyrylivska str. 63, 04080 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Michalak O, Krzeczyński P, Cieślak M, Cmoch P, Cybulski M, Królewska-Golińska K, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Trzaskowski B, Ostrowska K. Synthesis and anti-tumour, immunomodulating activity of diosgenin and tigogenin conjugates. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105573. [PMID: 32017993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel diosgenin (DSG) and tigogenin (TGG) derivatives with diosgenin or tigogenin steroid aglycons linked to levulinic and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acids, dipeptides and various amino acids by an ester bond at the C3-oxygen atom of the steroid skeleton has been synthesized. Diosgenyl esters have been prepared by an esterification reaction (DCC/DMAP) of diosgenin with the corresponding acids. All analogues have been evaluated in vitro for their antiproliferative profile against cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Analogue2c (l-serine derivative of TGG), the best representative of the series showed IC50 of 1.5 μM (MCF-7), and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 by activating caspase-3/7. The immunomodulatory properties of six synthesized analogues have been determined by examining their effects on the expression of cytokine genes essential for the functioning of the human immune system (IL-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α). Biological evaluation has revealed that new compounds 4c and 16a do not induce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in THP-1 cells after the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. They also stimulate the expression of anti-inflammatory IL-10 that acts stronger than diosgenin itself. An in silico ADME properties(absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) study was also performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile of the synthesized compounds. To shed light on the molecular interactions between the synthesized compounds and the glucocorticoid receptor and the estrogen receptor, 2c, 4c and 16a compounds were docked into the active binding sites of these receptors. The in silico and in vitro data suggested that this new group of compounds might be considered as a promising scaffold for further modification of more potent and selective anticancer and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Michalak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - P Krzeczyński
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cieślak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - P Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 Kasprzaka Str., 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Cybulski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Królewska-Golińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - J Kaźmierczak-Barańska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, 112 Sienkiewicza Str., 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - B Trzaskowski
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, 2C Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Ostrowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Lange J, Anderson RJ, Marshall AJ, Chan STS, Bilbrough TS, Gasser O, Gonzalez-Lopez C, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Hermans IF, Painter GF. The Chemical Synthesis, Stability, and Activity of MAIT Cell Prodrug Agonists That Access MR1 in Recycling Endosomes. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:437-445. [PMID: 31909966 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are antibacterial effector T cells that react to pyrimidines derived from bacterial riboflavin synthesis presented by the monomorphic molecule MR1. A major challenge in MAIT cell research is that the commonly used MAIT agonist precursor, 5-amino-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU), is labile to autoxidation, resulting in a loss of biological activity. Here, we characterize two independent autoxidation processes by LCMS. To overcome the marked instability, we report the synthesis of a 5-A-RU prodrug generated by modification of the 5-amino group with a cleavable valine-citrulline-p-aminobenzyl carbamate. The compound is stable in prodrug form, with the parent amine (i.e., 5-A-RU) released only after enzymatic cleavage. Analysis of the prodrug in vitro and in vivo showed an enhanced MAIT cell activation profile compared to 5-A-RU, which was associated with preferential loading within recycling endosomes, a route used by some natural agonists. This prodrug design therefore overcomes the difficulties associated with 5-A-RU in biological studies and provides an opportunity to explore different presentation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lange
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Regan J Anderson
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Susanna T S Chan
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Timothy S Bilbrough
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Olivier Gasser
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Lopez
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford , Oxford , United Kingdom
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research , Wellington , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute , Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery , Auckland , New Zealand
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10
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Reznichenko O, Quillévéré A, Martins RP, Loaëc N, Kang H, Lista MJ, Beauvineau C, González-García J, Guillot R, Voisset C, Daskalogianni C, Fåhraeus R, Teulade-Fichou MP, Blondel M, Granzhan A. Novel cationic bis(acylhydrazones) as modulators of Epstein-Barr virus immune evasion acting through disruption of interaction between nucleolin and G-quadruplexes of EBNA1 mRNA. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:13-29. [PMID: 31173968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) evades the immune system through limiting the expression of its highly antigenic and essential genome maintenance protein, EBNA1, to the minimal level to ensure viral genome replication, thereby also minimizing the production of EBNA1-derived antigenic peptides. This regulation is based on inhibition of translation of the virally-encoded EBNA1 mRNA, and involves the interaction of host protein nucleolin (NCL) with G-quadruplex (G4) structures that form in the glycine-alanine repeat (GAr)-encoding sequence of the EBNA1 mRNA. Ligands that bind to these G4-RNA can prevent their interaction with NCL, leading to disinhibition of EBNA1 expression and antigen presentation, thereby interfering with the immune evasion of EBNA1 and therefore of EBV (M.J. Lista et al., Nature Commun., 2017, 8, 16043). In this work, we synthesized and studied a series of 20 cationic bis(acylhydrazone) derivatives designed as G4 ligands. The in vitro evaluation showed that most derivatives based on central pyridine (Py), naphthyridine (Naph) or phenanthroline (Phen) units were efficient G4 binders, in contrast to their pyrimidine (Pym) counterparts, which were poor G4 binders due to a significantly different molecular geometry. The influence of lateral heterocyclic units (N-substituted pyridinium or quinolinium residues) on G4-binding properties was also investigated. Two novel compounds, namely PyDH2 and PhenDH2, used at a 5 μM concentration, were able to significantly enhance EBNA1 expression in H1299 cells in a GAr-dependent manner, while being significantly less toxic than the prototype drug PhenDC3 (GI50 > 50 μM). Antigen presentation, RNA pull-down and proximity ligation assays confirmed that the effect of both drugs was related to the disruption of NCL-EBNA1 mRNA interaction and the subsequent promotion of GAr-restricted antigen presentation. Our work provides a novel modular scaffold for the development of G-quadruplex-targeting drugs acting through interference with G4-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Reznichenko
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Alicia Quillévéré
- INSERM UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Rodrigo Prado Martins
- INSERM UMR1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire (IGM), Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- INSERM UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Hang Kang
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - María José Lista
- INSERM UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Claire Beauvineau
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jorge González-García
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- CNRS UMR8182, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Cécile Voisset
- INSERM UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Chrysoula Daskalogianni
- INSERM UMR1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire (IGM), Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- INSERM UMR1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire (IGM), Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Marc Blondel
- INSERM UMR1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne, CHRU Brest, 29200, Brest, France.
| | - Anton Granzhan
- CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 91405, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR9187, INSERM U1196, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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11
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Sánchez-Fernández EM, García-Moreno MI, Arroba AI, Aguilar-Diosdado M, Padrón JM, García-Hernández R, Gamarro F, Fustero S, Sánchez-Aparicio JE, Masgrau L, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C. Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl sp 2-iminosugar glycolipids and evaluation of their immunomodulatory properties towards anti-tumor, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111604. [PMID: 31425910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Immunomodulatory glycolipids, among which α-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) is an iconic example, have shown strong therapeutic potential in a variety of conditions ranging from cancer and infection to autoimmune or neurodegenerative diseases. A main difficulty for those channels is that they often provoke a cytokine storm comprising both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that antagonize each other and negatively affect the immune response. The synthesis of analogues with narrower cytokine secretion-inducing capabilities is hampered by the intrinsic difficulty at controlling the stereochemical outcome in glycosidation reactions, particularly if targeting the α-anomer, which seriously hampers drug optimization strategies. Here we show that replacing the monosaccharide glycone by a sp2-iminosugar glycomimetic moiety allows accessing N-linked sp2-iminosugar glycolipids (sp2-IGLs) with total α-stereocontrol in a single step with no need of protecting groups or glycosidation promotors. The lipid tail has been then readily tailored by incorporating polyfluoroalkyl segments of varied lengths in view of favouring binding to the lipid binding site of the master p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), thereby polarizing the immune response in a cell-context dependent manner. The compounds have been evaluated for their antiproliferative, anti-leishmanial and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell assays. The size of the fluorous segment was found to be critical for the biological activity, probably by regulating the aggregation and membrane-crossing properties, whereas the hydroxylation profile (gluco or galacto-like) was less relevant. Biochemical and computational data further support a mechanism of action implying binding to the allosteric lipid binding site of p38 MAPK and subsequent activation of the noncanonical autophosphorylation route. The ensemble of results provide a proof of concept of the potential of sp2-IGLs as immunoregulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ma Isabel García-Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana I Arroba
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain.
| | - Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Av/ Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain; Research Unit, Jerez University Hospital, Carretera Circunvalación s/n, 11407, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN), Universidad de la Laguna, PO BOX 456, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López Neyra", IPBLN-CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Santos Fustero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad de Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | | | - Laura Masgrau
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - José Manuel García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC - Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C/ Profesor García González 1, 41012, Seville, Spain.
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12
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Sankaranarayanan K, Antaris XX, Palanski BA, El Gamal A, Kao CM, Fitch WL, Fischer CR, Khosla C. Tunable Enzymatic Synthesis of the Immunomodulator Lipid IV A To Enable Structure-Activity Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9474-9478. [PMID: 31184877 PMCID: PMC7206895 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Lipid A family of glycolipids, found in the outer membranes of all Gram-negative bacteria, exhibits considerable structural diversity in both lipid and glycan moieties. The lack of facile methods to prepare analogues of these natural products represents a major roadblock in understanding the relationship between their structure and immunomodulatory activities. Here we present a modular, cell-free multienzymatic platform to access these structure-activity relationships. By individually purifying 19 Escherichia coli proteins and reconstituting them in vitro in the presence of acetyl-CoA, UDP- N-acetylglucosamine, NADPH, and ATP, we have developed a system capable of synthesizing Lipid IVA, the first bioactive intermediate in the Lipid A pathway. Our reconstituted multienzyme system revealed considerable promiscuity for orthologs with distinct substrate specificity, as illustrated by swapping enzymes from distantly related cyanobacterial and Pseudomonas species. Analysis of the agonistic and antagonistic activities of the resulting products against the THP-1 human monocytic cell line revealed hitherto unrecognized trends, while opening the door to harnessing the potent biological activities of these complex glycolipid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xirui X. Antaris
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Brad A. Palanski
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Abrahim El Gamal
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Camilla M. Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, and Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William L. Fitch
- Department of Medicine, and Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Curt R. Fischer
- Department of Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, and Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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13
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Llabani E, Hicklin RW, Lee HY, Motika SE, Crawford LA, Weerapana E, Hergenrother PJ. Diverse compounds from pleuromutilin lead to a thioredoxin inhibitor and inducer of ferroptosis. Nat Chem 2019; 11:521-532. [PMID: 31086302 PMCID: PMC6639018 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical diversification of natural products provides a robust and general method for the creation of stereochemically rich and structurally diverse small molecules. The resulting compounds have physicochemical traits different from those in most screening collections, and as such are an excellent source for biological discovery. Herein, we subject the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin to reaction sequences focused on creating ring system diversity in few synthetic steps. This effort resulted in a collection of compounds with previously unreported ring systems, providing a novel set of structurally diverse and highly complex compounds suitable for screening in a variety of different settings. Biological evaluation identified the novel compound ferroptocide, a small molecule that rapidly and robustly induces ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Target identification efforts and CRISPR knockout studies reveal that ferroptocide is an inhibitor of thioredoxin, a key component of the antioxidant system in the cell. Ferroptocide positively modulates the immune system in a murine model of breast cancer and will be a useful tool to study the utility of pro-ferroptotic agents for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evijola Llabani
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Hicklin
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Motika
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lisa A Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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14
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Abstract
The chemical diversification of natural products provides a robust and general method for the creation of stereochemically rich and structurally diverse small molecules. The resulting compounds have physicochemical traits different from those in most screening collections, and as such are an excellent source for biological discovery. Herein, we subject the diterpene natural product pleuromutilin to reaction sequences focused on creating ring system diversity in few synthetic steps. This effort resulted in a collection of compounds with previously unreported ring systems, providing a novel set of structurally diverse and highly complex compounds suitable for screening in a variety of different settings. Biological evaluation identified the novel compound ferroptocide, a small molecule that rapidly and robustly induces ferroptotic death of cancer cells. Target identification efforts and CRISPR knockout studies reveal that ferroptocide is an inhibitor of thioredoxin, a key component of the antioxidant system in the cell. Ferroptocide positively modulates the immune system in a murine model of breast cancer and will be a useful tool to study the utility of pro-ferroptotic agents for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evijola Llabani
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Hicklin
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hyang Yeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen E Motika
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lisa A Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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15
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Ren Y, Cao F, Hou L, Zhang Z. An in situ microenvironmental nano-regulator to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of 4T1 tumor. Theranostics 2019; 9:3580-3594. [PMID: 31281499 PMCID: PMC6587164 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and presence of immune cells, plays a critical role in cancer initiation, growth as well as progression, and seriously affects antitumor effect. Accordingly, we constructed a kind of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) with macrophage transformation and oxygen (O2) generation characteristics, to regulate the tumor microenvironment. Methods: In this study, we synthesized mesoporous Prussian blue (MPB) NPs with low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) surface modification (LMWHA-MPB), and discovered that LMWHA-MPB could be used as an in situ macrophages converter and O2 generator. Results:In vitro results showed after uptake by M2 macrophages, LMWHA-MPB displayed the potential in remodeling tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) phenotype (pro-tumor M2→anti-tumor M1), and anti-metastatic effect on 4T1 cells. Furthermore, in vivo visualized near-infrared (NIR) imaging data proved IR783 labeled LMWHA-MPB NPs could selectively accumulate in tumor sites. Then plenty of O2 generated to alleviate tumor hypoxia via catalytic decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Based on these outstanding characteristics, LMWHA-MPB NPs were adopted as multifunctional nanocarriers to load sonosensitizer hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) for O2 self-provided sonodynamic therapy (SDT). In vivo anti-tumor results showed LMWHA-MPB/HMME could effectively inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of 4T1 tumors by improving tumor microenvironment. Conclusion: The multifunctional NPs can be used as in situ microenvironmental nano-regulators to inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of 4T1 tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Duan X, Chan C, Han W, Guo N, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Immunostimulatory nanomedicines synergize with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to eradicate colorectal tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1899. [PMID: 31015397 PMCID: PMC6478897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles can potentially stimulate tumour microenvironments to elicit antitumour immunity. Herein, we demonstrate effective immunotherapy of colorectal cancer via systemic delivery of an immunostimulatory chemotherapeutic combination in nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) core-shell particles. Oxaliplatin and dihydroartemesinin have contrasting physicochemical properties but strong synergy in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and anticancer activity. The combined ROS generation is harnessed for immune activation to synergize with an anti-PD-L1 antibody for the treatment of murine colorectal cancer tumours. The favourable biodistribution and tumour uptake of NCPs and the absence of peripheral neuropathy allow for repeated dosing to afford 100% tumour eradication. The involvement of innate and adaptive immune systems elicit strong and long lasting antitumour immunity which prevents tumour formation when cured mice are challenged with cancer cells. The intrinsically biodegradable, well tolerated, and systemically available immunostimulatory NCP promises to enter clinical testing as an immunotherapy against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbo Han
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nining Guo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th St, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, 5758, S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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17
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Siddiqui H, Haniffa HM, Jabeen A, -Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. Sulphamethazine derivatives as immunomodulating agents: New therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208933. [PMID: 30566465 PMCID: PMC6300282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfamethazine (SMZ) (1) is an antibacterial sulfa drug which suppresses the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. It is used for the treatment of infections in livestock; such as gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections. During the current study, synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of immunomodulatory activities of derivatives of sulfamethazine (SMZ) (3-39) was carried out. These derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of sulfamethazine with a range of acid chlorides. All the compounds were characterized by using modern spectroscopic techniques, such as 1H-, and 13C-NMR, EI-MS, and HRFAB-MS. Compounds 3-10, 14, and 15 were identified as new compounds. Immunomodulatory effect of compounds 3-39 on different parameters of innate immune response was evaluated, including the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from human whole blood and isolated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All the new compounds, except 14 and 15, showed a significant anti-inflammatory activity. Compounds 3-39 were also evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity (3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines). All the compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic against normal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Haroon M. Haniffa
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Physical Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, South Eastern University, Oluvil, Sri Lanka
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Atta-ur -Rahman
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Bréard D, Viault G, Mezier MC, Pagie S, Bruguière A, Richomme P, Charreau B, Derbré S. Additional Insights into Hypericum perforatum Content: Isolation, Total Synthesis, and Absolute Configuration of Hyperbiphenyls A and B from Immunomodulatory Root Extracts. J Nat Prod 2018; 81:1850-1859. [PMID: 30024167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the root extracts of Hypericum perforatum led to the isolation of two biphenyl derivatives named hyperbiphenyls A and B (1 and 2) and four known xanthones (3-6). These structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods including UV, NMR, and HRMS. The absolute configuration of the biphenyl derivatives was defined by two different approaches: biomimetic total synthesis of racemic hyperbiphenyl A followed by 1H and 19F NMR Mosher's esters analysis and stereoselective total synthesis of hyperbiphenyl B, permitting assignment of the S absolute configuration for both compounds. The bioactivity of compounds 1-6 toward a set of biomolecules, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on vascular endothelial cells, was measured. The results showed that the major xanthone, i.e., 5- O-methyl-2-deprenylrheediaxanthone B (3), is a potent inhibitor of MHC that efficiently reduces HLA-E, MHC-II, and MICA biomolecules on cell surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Bréard
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, UNIV Angers , Université Bretagne Loire , 49035 Angers , France
| | - Guillaume Viault
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, UNIV Angers , Université Bretagne Loire , 49035 Angers , France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Mezier
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM , Université de Nantes , 44093 Nantes , France
- CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie , 44200 Nantes , France
| | - Sylvain Pagie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM , Université de Nantes , 44093 Nantes , France
- CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie , 44200 Nantes , France
| | - Antoine Bruguière
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, UNIV Angers , Université Bretagne Loire , 49035 Angers , France
| | - Pascal Richomme
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, UNIV Angers , Université Bretagne Loire , 49035 Angers , France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), UMR1064, INSERM , Université de Nantes , 44093 Nantes , France
- CHU de Nantes, Institut de Transplantation-Urologie-Néphrologie , 44200 Nantes , France
| | - Séverine Derbré
- EA921 SONAS, SFR4207 QUASAV, UNIV Angers , Université Bretagne Loire , 49035 Angers , France
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Burslem G, Ottis P, Jaime-Figueroa S, Morgan A, Cromm P, Toure M, Crews C. Efficient Synthesis of Immunomodulatory Drug Analogues Enables Exploration of Structure-Degradation Relationships. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1508-1512. [PMID: 29870139 PMCID: PMC6291207 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, pomalidomide, and lenalidomide have been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma for many years. Recently, their use as E3 ligase recruiting elements for small-molecule-induced protein degradation has led to a resurgence in interest in IMiD synthesis and functionalization. Traditional IMiD synthesis follows a stepwise route with multiple purification steps. Herein we describe a novel one-pot synthesis without purification that provides rapid access to a multitude of IMiD analogues. Binding studies with the IMiD target protein cereblon (CRBN) reveals a narrow structure-activity relationship with only a few compounds showing sub-micromolar binding affinity in the range of pomalidomide and lenalidomide. However, anti-proliferative activity as well as Aiolos degradation could be identified for two IMiD analogues. This study provides useful insight into the structure-degradation relationships for molecules of this type as well as a rapid and robust method for IMiD synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.M. Burslem
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
| | - P. Ottis
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
| | - S. Jaime-Figueroa
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
| | - A. Morgan
- Arvinas LLC, 5 Science Park, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P.M. Cromm
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
| | - M. Toure
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
| | - C.M. Crews
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University,219 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, USA, ,
- Departments of Chemistry and Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Bojadzic D, Chen J, Alcazar O, Buchwald P. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel Immunomodulatory Small Molecules Targeting the CD40⁻CD154 Costimulatory Protein-Protein Interaction. Molecules 2018; 23:E1153. [PMID: 29751636 PMCID: PMC5978685 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and testing of novel small-molecule compounds targeting the CD40⁻CD154 (CD40L) costimulatory interaction for immunomodulatory purposes. This protein-protein interaction (PPI) is a TNF-superfamily (TNFSF) costimulatory interaction that is an important therapeutic target since it plays crucial roles in the activation of T cell responses, and there is resurgent interest in its modulation with several biologics in development. However, this interaction, just as all other PPIs, is difficult to target by small molecules. Following up on our previous work, we have now identified novel compounds such as DRI-C21091 or DRI-C21095 that show activity (IC50) in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range in the binding inhibition assay and more than thirty-fold selectivity versus other TNFSF PPIs including OX40⁻OX40L, BAFFR-BAFF, and TNF-R1-TNFα. Protein thermal shift (differential scanning fluorimetry) assays indicate CD154 and not CD40 as the binding partner. Activity has also been confirmed in cell assays and in a mouse model (alloantigen-induced T cell expansion in a draining lymph node). Our results expand the chemical space of identified small-molecule CD40⁻CD154 costimulatory inhibitors and provide lead structures that have the potential to be developed as orally bioavailable immunomodulatory therapeutics that are safer and less immunogenic than corresponding biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Bojadzic
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Jinshui Chen
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Oscar Alcazar
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Peter Buchwald
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Collins I, Wang H, Caldwell JJ, Chopra R. Chemical approaches to targeted protein degradation through modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Biochem J 2017; 474:1127-1147. [PMID: 28298557 PMCID: PMC5350610 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system to achieve targeted degradation of proteins within cells using chemical tools and drugs has the potential to transform pharmacological and therapeutic approaches in cancer and other diseases. An increased understanding of the molecular mechanism of thalidomide and its analogues following their clinical use has unlocked small-molecule modulation of the substrate specificity of the E3 ligase cereblon (CRBN), which in turn has resulted in the advancement of new immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) into the clinic. The degradation of multiple context-specific proteins by these pleiotropic small molecules provides a means to uncover new cell biology and to generate future drug molecules against currently undruggable targets. In parallel, the development of larger bifunctional molecules that bring together highly specific protein targets in complexes with CRBN, von Hippel-Lindau, or other E3 ligases to promote ubiquitin-dependent degradation has progressed to generate selective chemical compounds with potent effects in cells and in vivo models, providing valuable tools for biological target validation and with future potential for therapeutic use. In this review, we survey recent breakthroughs achieved in these two complementary methods and the discovery of new modes of direct and indirect engagement of target proteins with the proteasome. We discuss the experimental characterisation that validates the use of molecules that promote protein degradation as chemical tools, the preclinical and clinical examples disclosed to date, and the future prospects for this exciting area of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Hannah Wang
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - John J Caldwell
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K
| | - Raj Chopra
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, U.K.
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22
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Choi SR, Frandsen J, Narayanasamy P. Novel long-chain compounds with both immunomodulatory and MenA inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40077. [PMID: 28071679 PMCID: PMC5223195 DOI: 10.1038/srep40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Menaquinone (MK) biosynthesis pathway is a potential target for evaluating antimicrobials in gram-positive bacteria. Here, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate prenyltransferase (MenA) was targeted to reduce methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) growth. MenA inhibiting, long chain-based compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated against MRSA and menaquinone utilizing bacteria in aerobic conditions. The results showed that these bacteria were susceptible to most of the compounds. Menaquinone (MK-4) supplementation rescued MRSA growth, suggesting these compounds inhibit MK biosynthesis. 3a and 7c exhibited promising inhibitory activities with MICs ranging 1-8 μg/mL against MRSA strains. The compounds did not facilitate small colony variant formation. These compounds also inhibited the biofilm growth by MRSA at high concentration. Compounds 3a, 6b and 7c displayed a promising extracellular bactericidal activity against MRSA at concentrations equal to and four-fold less than their respective MICs. We also observed cytokines released from THP-1 macrophages treated with compounds 3a, 6b and 7c and found decreases in TNF-α and IL-6 release and increase in IL-1β. These data provide evidence that MenA inhibitors act as TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors, raising the potential for development and application of these compounds as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-ryoung Choi
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Joel Frandsen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
| | - Prabagaran Narayanasamy
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA
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23
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Smith SH, Peredo CE, Takeda Y, Bui T, Neil J, Rickard D, Millerman E, Therrien JP, Nicodeme E, Brusq JM, Birault V, Viviani F, Hofland H, Jetten AM, Cote-Sierra J. Development of a Topical Treatment for Psoriasis Targeting RORγ: From Bench to Skin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147979. [PMID: 26870941 PMCID: PMC4752338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder involving marked immunological changes. IL-17-targeting biologics have been successful in reducing the disease burden of psoriasis patients with moderate-to-severe disease. Unfortunately, the stratum corneum prevents penetration of large molecule weight proteins, including monoclonal antibodies. Thus, for the majority of psoriasis patients ineligible for systemic treatments, a small molecule targeting RORγt, the master regulator of IL-17 family cytokines, may represent an alternative topical medicine with biologic-like efficacy. Methods and Findings The preclinical studies described in this manuscript bridge the gap from bench to bedside to provide the scientific foundation for a compound entering clinical trials for patients with mild to moderate psoriasis. In addition to several ex vivo reporter assays, primary T cell cultures, and the imiquimod mouse model, we demonstrate efficacy in a newly developed human ex vivo skin assay, where Th17-skewed cytokine expression is induced from skin-resident immune cells. Importantly, the skin barrier remains intact allowing for the demonstration of topical drug delivery. With the development of this novel assay, we demonstrate potent compound activity in the target tissue: human skin. Finally, target engagement by this small molecule was confirmed in ex vivo lesional psoriatic skin. Conclusions Our work describes a progressive series of assays to demonstrate the potential clinical value of a novel RORγ inverse agonist small molecule with high potency and selectivity, which will enter clinical trials in late 2015 for psoriasis patients.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Cutaneous
- Aminoquinolines
- Animals
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Reporter
- Humans
- Imiquimod
- Immunologic Factors/chemical synthesis
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Interleukin-17/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Jurkat Cells
- Luciferases/genetics
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/immunology
- Permeability
- Primary Cell Culture
- Psoriasis/chemically induced
- Psoriasis/drug therapy
- Psoriasis/immunology
- Psoriasis/pathology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/pathology
- Small Molecule Libraries/chemical synthesis
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
- Th17 Cells/drug effects
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/pathology
- Translational Research, Biomedical
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan H. Smith
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos E. Peredo
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yukimasa Takeda
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thi Bui
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jessica Neil
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David Rickard
- MDR/PTS, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Millerman
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jean-Philippe Therrien
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Edwige Nicodeme
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Marie Brusq
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Veronique Birault
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Viviani
- Flexible Discovery Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Hans Hofland
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Javier Cote-Sierra
- Discovery and Preclinical Development, Stiefel, a GSK company, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
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Haney EF, Mansour SC, Hilchie AL, de la Fuente-Núñez C, Hancock REW. High throughput screening methods for assessing antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activities of synthetic peptides. Peptides 2015; 71:276-85. [PMID: 25836992 PMCID: PMC4581888 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The recent observation that certain cationic peptides possess potent antibiofilm activity demonstrated that small peptides could be used to treat biofilm-associated infections. Other so-called innate defense regulator peptides possess potent immunomodulatory properties such as leukocyte recruitment and suppression of harmful inflammation. A peptide that directly targets biofilm cells while favorably modulating the immune response would be particularly advantageous for treating serious skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In the present work, using SPOT-synthesized peptide arrays on cellulose membranes, we outline a strategy for systematically assessing the antibiofilm activity of hundreds of IDR-1002 (VQRWLIVWRIRK-NH2) and IDR-HH2 (VQLRIRVAVIRA-NH2) peptide variants against MRSA biofilms. In addition, the ability of these peptides to stimulate production of a monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) and suppress LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-1β production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated. These results informed the synthesis of second-generation peptides resulting in a new peptide, IDR-2009 (KWRLLIRWRIQK-NH2), with enhanced MCP-1 stimulatory activity, favorable IL-1β suppression characteristics and strong antibiofilm activity against MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. This work provides a proof-of-concept that multiple peptide activities can be optimized simultaneously to generate novel sequences that possess a variety of biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Haney
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah C Mansour
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley L Hilchie
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - César de la Fuente-Núñez
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Center for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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New R, Bansal GS, Dryjska M, Bogus M, Green P, Feldmann M, Brennan F. Design and optimisation of bioactive cyclic peptides: generation of a down-regulator of TNF secretion. Molecules 2014; 19:21529-40. [PMID: 25532847 PMCID: PMC6271530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although strong binding interactions between protein receptor and ligand do not require the participation of a large number of amino acids in either site, short peptide chains are generally poor at recreating the types of protein-protein interactions which take place during cell recognition and signalling process, probably because their flexible backbones prevent the side chains from forming sufficiently rigid and stable epitopes, which can take part in binding with the desired strength and specificity. In a recently-reported study, it was shown that a proto-epitope containing F, R and S amino acids has the ability to down-regulate TNF secretion by macrophages. This paper extends these findings, putting those amino acids into a short cyclic peptide scaffold, and determining the optimal configuration required to overcome the problems of conformational instability, and give rise to molecules which have potential as therapeutic agents in human disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger New
- Proxima Concepts Limited, c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; E-Mails: (G.S.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
- Bone Medical Limited, 16 Ord Street, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +44-207-419-5980
| | - Gurpal S. Bansal
- Proxima Concepts Limited, c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; E-Mails: (G.S.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Malgorzata Dryjska
- Proxima Concepts Limited, c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; E-Mails: (G.S.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Michal Bogus
- Proxima Concepts Limited, c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK; E-Mails: (G.S.B.); (M.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Patricia Green
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7FY, UK; E-Mails: (P.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Marc Feldmann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7FY, UK; E-Mails: (P.G.); (M.F.)
| | - Fionula Brennan
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7FY, UK; E-Mails: (P.G.); (M.F.)
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Nguyen HQ, Davis RA, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis and structural characterization of three unique Helicobacter pylori α-cholesteryl phosphatidyl glucosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13400-3. [PMID: 25195783 PMCID: PMC4319363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Steryl glycosides produced by bacteria play important biological roles in the evasion and modulation of host immunity. Step-economical syntheses of three cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-α-D-glucopyranosides (αCPG) unique to Helicobacter pylori have been achieved. The approach relies upon regioselective deprotection of per-O-trimethylsilyl-α-D-cholesterylglucoside at C6 followed by phosphoramidite coupling. Global TMS ether deprotection in the presence of oxygen and subsequent deprotection of the cyano ethyl phosphoester afforded the target compounds in 16-21 % overall yield starting from D-glucose. The structures of these natural products were determined using a combination of 2D NMR methods and mass spectrometry. These robust synthesis and characterization protocols provide analogues to facilitate glycolipidomic profiling and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Ryan A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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27
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Sivanathan S, Scherkenbeck J. Cyclodepsipeptides: a rich source of biologically active compounds for drug research. Molecules 2014; 19:12368-420. [PMID: 25153863 PMCID: PMC6271018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190812368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Faced with the need to find new drugs for all kinds of diseases, science sees that Nature offers numerous classes of compounds showing an impressively high biological potential. Among those are the cyclodepsipeptides, hybrid structures composed of amino and hydroxy acids. In the past decades numerous cyclodepsipeptides have been isolated and their potential as drugs has been studied extensively. For several cyclodepsipeptides total syntheses both in solution and on solid-phase have been established, allowing the production of combinatorial libraries. In addition, the biosynthesis of specific cyclodepsipeptides has been elucidated and used for the chemoenzymatic preparation of nonnatural analogues. This review summarizes the recent literature on cyclic tetra- to decadepsipeptides, composed exclusively of α-amino- and α-hydroxy acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivatharushan Sivanathan
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachgruppe C, Organic Chemistry, Gaußstraße 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Scherkenbeck
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachgruppe C, Organic Chemistry, Gaußstraße 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany.
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Vázquez-Tato MP, Mena-Menéndez A, Feás X, Seijas JA. Novel microwave-assisted synthesis of the immunomodulator organotellurium compound ammonium trichloro(dioxoethylene-O,O')tellurate (AS101). Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:3287-98. [PMID: 24566150 PMCID: PMC3958912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15023287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonium trichloro[1,2-ethanediolato-O,O′]-tellurate (AS101) is the most important synthetic Te compound from the standpoint of its biological activity. It is a potent immunomodulator with a variety of potential therapeutic applications and antitumoral action in several preclinical and clinical studies. An experimental design has been used to develop and optimize a novel microwave-assisted synthesis (MAOS) of the AS101. In comparison to the results observed in the literature, refluxing Te(IV) chloride and ethylene glycol in acetonitrile (Method A), or by refluxing Te(IV) chloride and ammonium chloride in ethylene glycol (Method B), it was found that the developed methods in the present work are an effective alternative, because although performance slightly decreases compared to conventional procedures (75% vs. 79% by Method A, and 45% vs. 51% by Method B), reaction times decreased from 4 h to 30 min and from 4 h to 10 min, by Methods A and B respectively. MAOS is proving to be of value in the rapid synthesis of compounds with new and improved biological activities, specially based on the benefit of its shorter reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pilar Vázquez-Tato
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Alberto Mena-Menéndez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Xesús Feás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Julio A Seijas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain.
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29
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Abstract
Research on immunomodulation by natural products or synthetic derivatives is of key interest for anti-infective therapy for a number of reasons. Many plant remedies well-known in traditional medicine or refined natural products in clinical use exert their anti-infective effects not only (if at all) by directly affecting the pathogen. At least part of their effect is indirect, by stimulating natural and adaptive defense mechanisms of the host. These findings have now given many empirical therapies a rationale, scientific basis and thereby a means for 'intelligent' improvement. In discovering the molecular mechanisms by which known remedies exert their effects, chosen elements further down the 'chain of command' might be synthesized and applied directly for more rapid and selective cure, omitting unwanted side effects. The direct use of recombinant cytokines, often in combination with antibiotics, is one consequence of this rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kayser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
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Selim Y, Ouf N, Sakran M. Fremy's salt-mediated oxidative addition. A new approach in the total synthesis of naturally dipetalolactone and its immunomodulatory activity. Molecules 2013; 18:11485-95. [PMID: 24043143 PMCID: PMC6269895 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180911485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the natural dipyranocoumarin dipetalolactone has been confirmed by an unambiguous synthetic route from resorcinol. This sequence was initiated by a pyran ring formation step which introduced the 3-chloro-3-methylbut-1-yne moiety. Then, the expected product undergoes a Fremy’s salt-meditated oxidative addition followed by ring closure to yield dipetalolactone. Dipetalolactone was also found to have immunological activity in a mouse carcinoma S180-bearing mice cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Selim
- Faculty of Specific Education, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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31
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Dzierzba K, Grec M, Pastuch-Gawołek G, Lipiński T, Pietkiewicz J, Gamian A. Synthesis of glycinated glycoconjugates based on 1-thioglycosides and their preliminary studies as potential immunomodulatory factor. Acta Pol Pharm 2012; 69:1224-1238. [PMID: 23285685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The biological importance of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), components of bacterial cell wall has not been explained sufficiently. The glycine present in these structures could play an important role in the immunological response after bacterial infections and during sepsis. In our studies we obtained synthetic and stable substituted glycinated 1-thioglycosides derivatives of monosaccharides, e.g., D-glucose or D-galactose as well as disaccharides, e.g., melibiose and lactose. The conditions of acylation reactions were validated and specific products were separated by using chromatography methods. Their structures were confirmed by NMR. These compounds were conjugated with carrier proteins e.g., bovine serum albumin and horse myoglobin. Prior to conjugation proteins were modified with glycidol to create the protein-diol intermediates and subsequent periodate oxidation of the glycol moieties to generate the reactive aldehyde functionalities. Modified and formylated carrier proteins were conjugated with acylated thioglycosides in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride. Subsequently, the products obtained were analyzed in SDS-PAGE and separated by using HW-55S gel-filtration chromatography. The immunoreactivity of selected glycinated glycoconjugates were studied in ELISA assays with specific anti-aminoacylated glyconjugate antibodies obtained after rabbit immunization with Escherichia coli K12 C600 core oligosaccharide glycine-containing glycoconjugate. The differences in the immunoreactivity of different glycinated 1-thioglycosides were observed. The received glycine-acylated glycoconjugates could mimic the non-sugar substituents localized in various bacterial LPS. These synthetic compounds could be candidates for their use as glycoconjugate vaccines in protection against serious bacterial infections, e.g.. sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dzierzba
- Wroclaw Medical University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw, Poland.
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32
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Fujimoto Y, Shimoyama A, Suda Y, Fukase K. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activities of Helicobacter pylori lipophilic terminus of lipopolysaccharide including lipid A. Carbohydr Res 2012; 356:37-43. [PMID: 22486825 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, causes gastroduodenal inflammatory diseases such as chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, and is also a risk factor for gastric carcinogenesis. In this article, we review recent developments and findings in the chemical synthesis and immunomodulatory activities of H. pylori lipid A and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid (Kdo)-lipid A, to clarify the structural basis for the inflammatory response to H. pylori LPS. The synthetic methods include a new divergent synthetic approach with a widely applicable key intermediate for other types of lipid A structures, as well as a selective α-glycosylation reaction between Kdo and lipid A. Cytokine induction assays of the chemically synthesized lipid A structures showed selective cytokine induction depending on the patterns of acyl groups and phosphate groups. The results of cytokine induction assay suggested that H. pylori LPS can modulate the immune response during infection, and also plays a role in chronic inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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33
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Zhou CL, Lu R, Lin G, Yao Z. The latest developments in synthetic peptides with immunoregulatory activities. Peptides 2011; 32:408-14. [PMID: 20979984 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, many researches have provided us with much data demonstrating the abilities of synthetic peptides to impact immune response in vitro and in vivo. These peptides were designed according to the structure of some important protein molecules which play a key role in immune response, so they act with specific targets. The class I and II MHC-derived peptides inhibit the TCR recognition of antigen peptide-MHC complex. Rationally designed CD80 and CD154-binding peptides block the interaction between cell surface costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Some peptides were designed to inhibit the activities of cell signal proteins, including JNK, NF-κB and NFAT. Some peptide antagonists competitively bind to important cytokines and inhibit their activities, such as TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-1β inhibitory peptides. Adhesion molecule ICAM-1 derived peptides block the T cell adhesion and activation. These immunoregulatory peptides showed therapeutic effect in several animal models, including collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), autoimmune cystitis model, murine skin transplant model and cardiac allograft model. These results give us important implications for the development of a novel therapy for immune mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-lei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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34
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Vasiukova NI, Ozeretskovskaia OL, Chalenko GI, Gerasimova NG, L'vova AA, Il'ina AV, Levov AN, Varlamov VP, Tarchevskiĭ IA. [Immunomodulating activity of chitosan derivatives with salicylic acid and its fragments]. Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol 2010; 46:379-384. [PMID: 20586293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A study of biological activity of the derivatives of the chitin-chitosan oligomer with salicylic acid and its fragments showed that chitosan salicylate actively protected potato tubers against Phytophthora infestans but sharply inhibited reparation of potato tissues. N-(2-Hydroxybenzyl)chitosan exhibited good protective properties but did not influence wound reparation. N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-N-pyridox-chitosan, which contained the pyridoxal and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy fragments, was the most efficient, stimulating both defense against late blight and wound reparation in potato tissues.
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35
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Sándor A. [Investigation of biologically active compounds at the Department of Organic Chemistry of University of Debrecen between 1992-2009 part IV]. Acta Pharm Hung 2010; 80:131-154. [PMID: 21404475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The author reviews the beginning of the application of the methods of structure elucidation by spectroscopic (metric) techniques at the Department of Organic Chemistry of University of Debrecen and summarizes the most important results obtained in this field between 1992-2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antus Sándor
- Debreceni Egyetem Szerves Kémiai Tanszék, 4010 Debrecen, Pf. 20
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36
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Lipnicka U, Maczyński M, Artym J, Zimecki M. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activites of new 5-hydrazino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid ethyl esters. Acta Pol Pharm 2009; 66:501-511. [PMID: 19894646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several new derivatives of 5-hydrazino-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic ethyl esters were synthesized. Using 4-aminoacetophenone, the hydrazine group was transformed in position 5 in the hydrazone which reacted with the isocyanates, aldehydes and sugars. Thirteen newly synthesized compounds were tested for their ability to affects the immunological response in vitro in several rodent models. The immunoregulatory properties of the compounds were differential and dose-dependent. The strongest activity was exhibited by 5-{N'-[1-4{-4-[3-(-methoxyphenyl)-ureidol]-phenylethylidene]-hydrazino}-3-methyl-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (compound 3a). The compound strongly inhibited the secondary, humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes and the proliferative response of mouse splenocytes to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen. The immunotropic activities of the new isothiazole derivatives and potential application of the compounds in therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lipnicka
- Wrocław Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, Grodzka 9, 50-137 Wrocław, Poland.
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37
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Chou SH, Chou SSP, Liew YF, Leu JY, Wang SJ, Huang RFS, Tzeng WF, Kuo YC. A new synthetic compound, 2-OH, enhances interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Molecules 2009; 14:2345-55. [PMID: 19633608 PMCID: PMC6255383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14072345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic compound, 6-hydroxy-2-tosylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (2-OH), was selected for immunopharmacological activity tests. The effects of 2-OH on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation were determined by tritiated thymidine uptake. Compared to phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 5 μg/mL) stimulation, 2-OH significantly enhanced PBMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% enhancement activity (EC50) for 2-OH was 4.4±0.1 μM. In addition, effects of 2-OH on interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production in PBMC were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results demonstrated that 2-OH stimulated IL-2 and IFN-γ production in PBMC. Data from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR indicated that IL-2 and IFN-γ mRNA expression in PBMC could be induced by 2-OH. Therefore, 2-OH enhanced IL-2 and IFN-γ production in PBMC by modulation their gene expression. We suggest that 2-OH may be an immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Huey Chou
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (S-H.C), (J-Y.L.), (W-F.T.)
| | - Shang-Shing P. Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mail: (S-S.P.C.)
| | - Yih-Fong Liew
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (Y-F.L.), (R-F.H.)
| | - Jyh-Yih Leu
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (S-H.C), (J-Y.L.), (W-F.T.)
| | - Su-Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mail: (S-J.W.)
| | - Rwei-Fen S. Huang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (Y-F.L.), (R-F.H.)
| | - Woan-Fang Tzeng
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (S-H.C), (J-Y.L.), (W-F.T.)
| | - Yuh-Chi Kuo
- Department of Life Science, Fu-Jen University, No. 510, Chung-Cheng Rd., Hsinchuang, Taipei Hsien 242, Taiwan; E-mails: (S-H.C), (J-Y.L.), (W-F.T.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-2-29053591; Fax: +886-2-29052193
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38
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Melnick N, Rajam G, Carlone GM, Sampson JS, Ades EW. Evaluation of a novel therapeutic approach to treating severe pneumococcal infection using a mouse model. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2009; 16:806-10. [PMID: 19386795 PMCID: PMC2691041 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00120-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
P4, a 28-amino-acid peptide, is a eukaryotic cellular activator that enhances specific in vitro opsonophagocytic killing of multiple bacterial pathogens. In a previous study, we successfully recreated this phenomenon in mice in vivo by using a two-dose regimen of P4 and pathogen-specific antibodies, which significantly reduced moribundity in mice. For the present study, we hypothesized that the inclusion of a low-dose antibiotic would make it possible to treat the infected mice with a single dose containing a mixture of P4 and a pathogen-specific antibody. A single dose consisting of P4, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and ceftriaxone effectively reduced moribundity compared to that of untreated controls (n = 10) by 75% (P < 0.05) and rescued all (10 of 10) infected animals (P < 0.05). If rescued animals were reinfected with Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with a single dose containing P4, IVIG, and ceftriaxone, they could be rerescued. This observation of the repeated successful use of P4 combination therapy demonstrates a low risk of tolerance development. Additionally, we examined the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) derived from infected mice and observed that P4 enhanced in vitro opsonophagocytic killing (by >80% over the control level; P < 0.05). This finding supports our hypothesis that PMN are activated by P4 during opsonophagocytosis and the recovery of mice from pneumococcal infection. P4 peptide-based combination therapy may offer an alternative and rapid immunotherapy to treat fulminant pneumococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikkol Melnick
- Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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39
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Abdel-Aziz HA, Gamal-Eldeen AM, Hamdy NA, Fakhr IMI. Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activities of Some Novel 2-Substituted-6-bromo-3-methylthiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole Derivatives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2009; 342:230-7. [PMID: 19340836 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200800189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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40
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Fonina LA, Az'muko AA, Kalikhevich VN, Levit ML, Ardemasova ZA, Gur'ianov SA, Belevskaia RG, Efremov MA, Treshchalina EM, Mikhaĭlova AA. [Myelopeptide MP-5 and fluorescent derivatives: synthesis and biological activity]. Bioorg Khim 2008; 34:451-6. [PMID: 18695716 DOI: 10.1134/s106816200804002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Val-Val-Tyr-Pro-Asp bone marrow peptide (MP-5) and an analogue (MP-5-Lys) were synthesized. Fluorescent derivatives, Ftc-MP-5 and MP-5-Lys(Ftc), were prepared. The biological activity of MP-5 and MP-5-Lys was studied in vitro and in vivo. The MP-5 peptide caused 60-84% inhibition of growth of the following mouse cancers: lymphatic leukemia P-388, melanoma B-16, and cervical carcinoma CUC-5. These peptides also restored functional activity of T lymphocytes that was inhibited by metabolic products of the HL-60 leukemic cell line. MP-5-Lys(Ftc) was shown to preserve the functional properties of MP-5 toward T lymphocytes, but Ftc-MP-5 was practically inactive.
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41
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Kirilina EA, Mikhailova AA, Efremov MA, Petrov RV. Myelopeptide 6, a novel endogenous bone marrow-derived differentiation factor. Dokl Biol Sci 2008; 421:282-285. [PMID: 18841816 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496608040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Kirilina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow, 117871 Russia
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42
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Zemliakov AE, Tsikalova VN, Azizova LR, Chirva VI, Mulik EL, Shkalev MV, Kaliuzhin OV, Kiselevskiĭ MV. [Synthesis and biological activity of aryl S-beta-glycosides of 1-thio-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine]. Bioorg Khim 2008; 34:245-251. [PMID: 18522281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl, p-tolyl, and p-tert-butylphenyl beta-1-thio-N-acetylglucosaminides were synthesized by the treatment of thiophenols with peracetate of alpha-D-glucosaminyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine or under the conditions of phase-transfer catalysis with quaternary ammonium salts. The compounds synthesized were used for obtaining of glycosides of 4,6-O-isopropylidene-N-acetylmuramic acid, which were coupled with L-Ala-D-Glu(NH2)-OBzl and then deprotected to obtain the target aryl beta-thioglycosides of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP). The aryl beta-thioglycosides of MDP were found to stimulate an antibacterial resistance toward Staphylococcus aureus in mice. The reliable induction of the spontaneous activity of natural killers in the population of blood mononuclear cells was observed only for phenyl beta-thio-MDP at a dose of 200 microg/ml. The English version of the paper: Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 2008, vol. 34, no. 2; see also http://www.maik.ru.
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Maczyński M, Zimecki M, Ryng S. A new class of isoxazole derivatives: the M 1-9 series of compounds with immunotropic activity. Acta Pol Pharm 2008; 65:241-244. [PMID: 18666432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The isoxazole derivatives are interesting objects for synthesis in the search for various sorts of biological activity. Looking for more active immunomodulators we synthesized a series of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid semicarbazides and thiosemicarbazides in the reaction of 5-amino-3-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxylic acid hydrazide with isocyanates and isothiocyanates. The biological effect of these compounds on the proliferative response of human mononuclear peripheral blood cells to phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Maczyński
- Wrocław Medical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic Chemistry, 50-137 Wrocław, 9 Grodzka Str., Poland.
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Zhu R, Snyder AH, Kharel Y, Schaffter L, Sun Q, Kennedy PC, Lynch KR, Macdonald TL. Asymmetric synthesis of conformationally constrained fingolimod analogues--discovery of an orally active sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor type-1 agonist and receptor type-3 antagonist. J Med Chem 2007; 50:6428-35. [PMID: 17994678 PMCID: PMC2895489 DOI: 10.1021/jm7010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Compound 1 (FTY720, Fingolimod) represents a new generation of immunosuppressant that modulates lymphocyte trafficking by interacting with the S1P(1) receptor. Compound 1 also provides a template molecule for studying the molecular biology of S1P receptors and related enzymes (kinases and phosphatases). In this study, two conformationally constrained analogues of 1 ( 3a and 3c) were asymmetrically synthesized in high optical purity. In vitro assessment documented that both analogues are Sphk2 substrates, their phosphorylated species are potent S1P(1) receptor agonists, and 3a-P is a potent S1P 3 antagonist. After oral administration in mice, both compounds evoked lymphopenia, but their duration of action differed markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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45
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Ramírez JA, Bruttomesso AC, Michelini FM, Acebedo SL, Alché LE, Galagovsky LR. Syntheses of immunomodulating androstanes and stigmastanes: Comparison of their TNF-α inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:7538-44. [PMID: 17892941 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In a previous work our group showed that some synthetic stigmastanes may play a role in immune-mediated inflammation. In this paper we report the syntheses of a series of new steroidal compounds derived from dehydroepiandrosterone and stigmasterol, and the evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory activity of the TNF-alpha production by macrophages. A preliminary qualitative structure-activity relationship was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Ramírez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and UMYMFOR (CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Piso 3, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhu FG, Kandimalla ER, Yu D, Agrawal S. Oral administration of a synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 potently modulates peanut-induced allergy in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:631-7. [PMID: 17582479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agonists of Toll-like receptor 9 have been shown to induce potent T(H)1-type immune responses and prevent and reverse ovalbumin-induced T(H)2-dominant allergic asthma in mice. OBJECTIVE We examined oral administration of a synthetic agonist of Toll-like receptor 9 (immune modulatory oligonucleotide [IMO]) to modulate peanut-induced allergy in mice. METHODS In the prevention model mice were sensitized 3 times by means of oral administration of peanut in the presence or absence of IMO. In a treatment protocol mice were sensitized orally with peanut on days 0 and 14 and treated 4 times with oral administration of IMO starting on day 21. RESULTS In the prevention study mice that received the combination of IMO/peanut showed decreased IgE and increased IgG2a levels in the serum and intestinal tissue compared with mice sensitized with peanut only. In spleen cell recall experiments, production of IL-5 and IL-13 was inhibited and production of IFN-gamma was increased in mice immunized with the peanut/IMO combination compared with those sensitized with peanut only. In the treatment model IMO-treated mice showed decreased IgE, IL-5, and IL-13 levels and increased IgG2a and IFN-gamma levels in the serum, intestines, and spleen cells compared with PBS-treated mice. A reduction in local inflammation and restoration of normal structure in the intestines was found in the mice that received IMO in both models. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IMOs can switch peanut-induced T(H)2 immune responses toward T(H)1 responses accompanied by reduced inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and anaphylaxis in both the prevention and treatment models. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS IMOs might be suitable candidates for the management of peanut-induced allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Gang Zhu
- Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, Mass, USA
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Kertesz A, Takacs B, Varadi G, Toth GK, Sarmay G. Design and functional activity of phosphopeptides with potential immunomodulating capacity, based on the sequence of Grb2-associated binder 1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1091:437-44. [PMID: 17341634 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1378.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A cell membrane permeable phosphopeptide corresponding to the SHP-2 binding motif of Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) interferes with the Gab1 adaptor-dependent functions and modulates B cell receptor-triggered intracellular signaling in B cell tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Kertesz
- Department of Immunology, Eotvos Lorand University, Pazmany Peter setany 1/c, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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48
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Hanessian S, Charron G, Billich A, Guerini D. Constrained azacyclic analogues of the immunomodulatory agent FTY720 as molecular probes for sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:491-4. [PMID: 17070046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Constrained azacyclic analogues of FTY720 were prepared starting with d- and l-pyroglutamic acids. One enantiomer was shown to be a substrate for sphingosine kinase 2, being phosphorylated 4-fold more efficiently than FTY720. Among the corresponding phosphates, two were found to have unusual specificity in binding to S1P receptors: while being inactive on S1P1 and S1P3, they acted as potent agonists on S1P4 and S1P5. The phosphates may be useful to explore the biology and binding site of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, Que., Canada H3C 3J7.
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Kigerl K, Popovich P. Drug evaluation: ProCord - a potential cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury. IDrugs 2006; 9:354-60. [PMID: 16676272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Proneuron Biotechnologies Inc is developing ProCord, an activated macrophage cell therapy, for the potential treatment of neurological conditions. In September 2004, ProCord was granted Orphan Drug status by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Kigerl
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics, Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 2078 Graves Hall, 333 West 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Laufersweiler MC, Wang Y, Soper DL, Suchanek MK, Fancher AN, Lu W, Wang RL, Oppong KA, Ellis CD, Baize MW, O'Neil SV, Wos JA, Demuth TP. Synthesis and evaluation of tricyclic pyrrolopyrimidinones as dipeptide mimetics: inhibition of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4322-6. [PMID: 16046129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2005] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of a tricyclic pyrrolopyrimidinone scaffold for the synthesis of peptidomimetic inhibitors of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) is reported. The synthesis of the tricyclic scaffold and conversion of it to a variety of target ICE inhibitors were accomplished in 4-5 steps. In vitro biological evaluation of the tricyclic pyrrolopyrimidinones revealed fair to good ICE inhibitors, with the most active compound exhibiting an IC50 of 14 nM in a caspase-1 enzyme binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Laufersweiler
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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