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Lv X, Gao K, Nie J, Zhang X, Zhang S, Ren Y, Sun X, Li Q, Huang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Zhang W, Liu X. Structures of human prostaglandin F 2α receptor reveal the mechanism of ligand and G protein selectivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8136. [PMID: 38065938 PMCID: PMC10709307 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins and their receptors regulate various physiological processes. Carboprost, an analog of prostaglandin F2α and an agonist for the prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor (FP receptor), is clinically used to treat postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). However, off-target activation of closely related receptors such as the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP3 (EP3 receptor) by carboprost results in side effects and limits the clinical application. Meanwhile, the FP receptor selective agonist latanoprost is not suitable to treat PPH due to its poor solubility and fast clearance. Here, we present two cryo-EM structures of the FP receptor bound to carboprost and latanoprost-FA (the free acid form of latanoprost) at 2.7 Å and 3.2 Å resolution, respectively. The structures reveal the molecular mechanism of FP receptor selectivity for both endogenous prostaglandins and clinical drugs, as well as the molecular mechanism of G protein coupling preference by the prostaglandin receptors. The structural information may guide the development of better prostaglandin drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Lv
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaixuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Nie
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinhang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingrui Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weishe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Early Life Development and Disease Prevention, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Carstensen S, Gress C, Erpenbeck VJ, Kazani SD, Hohlfeld JM, Sandham DA, Müller M. Prostaglandin D 2 metabolites activate asthmatic patient-derived type 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils via the DP 2 receptor. Respir Res 2021; 22:262. [PMID: 34620168 PMCID: PMC8499518 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) signaling via prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) contributes to atopic and non-atopic asthma. Inhibiting DP2 has shown therapeutic benefit in certain subsets of asthma patients, improving eosinophilic airway inflammation. PGD2 metabolites prolong the inflammatory response in asthmatic patients via DP2 signaling. The role of PGD2 metabolites on eosinophil and ILC2 activity is not fully understood. METHODS Eosinophils and ILC2s were isolated from peripheral blood of atopic asthmatic patients. Eosinophil shape change, ILC2 migration and IL-5/IL-13 cytokine secretion were measured after stimulation with seven PGD2 metabolites in presence or absence of the selective DP2 antagonist fevipiprant. RESULTS Selected metabolites induced eosinophil shape change with similar nanomolar potencies except for 9α,11β-PGF2. Maximal values in forward scatter of eosinophils were comparable between metabolites. ILC2s migrated dose-dependently in the presence of selected metabolites except for 9α,11β-PGF2 with EC50 values ranging from 17.4 to 91.7 nM. Compared to PGD2, the absolute cell migration was enhanced in the presence of Δ12-PGD2, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGD2, PGJ2, Δ12-PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2. ILC2 cytokine production was dose dependent as well but with an average sixfold reduced potency compared to cell migration (IL-5 range 108.1 to 526.9 nM, IL-13 range: 125.2 to 788.3 nM). Compared to PGD2, the absolute cytokine secretion was reduced in the presence of most metabolites. Fevipiprant dose-dependently inhibited eosinophil shape change, ILC2 migration and ILC2 cytokine secretion with (sub)-nanomolar potencies. CONCLUSION Prostaglandin D2 metabolites initiate ILC2 migration and IL-5 and IL-13 cytokine secretion in a DP2 dependent manner. Our data indicate that metabolites may be important for in vivo eosinophil activation and ILC2 migration and to a lesser extent for ILC2 cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Carstensen
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Gress
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - David A Sandham
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meike Müller
- Department of Biomarker Analysis and Development, Clinical Airway Research, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Ida Y, Watanabe M, Umetsu A, Ohguro H, Hikage F. Addition of EP2 agonists to an FP agonist additively and synergistically modulates adipogenesis and the physical properties of 3D 3T3-L1 sphenoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 171:102315. [PMID: 34246925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The additive effects of prostaglandin (PG)-EP2 agonists on a PG-FP agonist toward adipogenesis in two- or three-dimension (2D or 3D) cultures of 3T3-L1 cells was examined by lipid staining, the mRNA expression of adipogenesis related genes, and extracellular matrixes (ECMs) including collagen molecules (Col) -1, -4 and -6, and fibronectin (Fn), and the sizes and physical properties of 3D sphenoids, as measured by a micro-squeezer. The results indicate that adipogenesis induced 1) an enlargement in the sizes of 3D sphenoids, 2) a substantial enhancement in lipid staining, the expression of the PParγ, Ap2 and Leptin genes, and 3) a significant decrease in the stiffness of the 3D sphenoids. These effects were inhibited by bimatoprost acid (BIM-A), but 4) adipogenesis induced significant down-regulation of Col1 and Fn, and the significant up-regulation of the Col4 and Col6 genes were unchanged by BIM-A. On the addition of an EP2 agonist, such as omidenepag (OMD) or butaprost (Buta), to BIM-A, 1) the sizes of the 3D sphenoids were further decreased, 2) lipid staining was decreased (2D; OMD, 3D; Buta) 3) the stiffness of the 3D sphenoids was increased by Buta, 4) the expression of PParγ was up-regulated (2D; Buta) or unchanged (3D), the expression of Ap2 was down-regulated (2D; OMD) or up-regulated (3D; Buta), and the expression of Leptin was increased (2D), 5) the expression of all four (OMD) or all except Col4 (buta) in 2D, and Col1and Col4 (OMD) in 3D were up-regulated. These collective findings indicate that the addition of an EP2 agonist, OMD or Buta significantly modulated the BIM-A induced suppression of adipogenesis as well as physical properties of 2D and 3D cultured 3T3-L1 cells in different manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Ida
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Megumi Watanabe
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Araya Umetsu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohguro
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Fumihito Hikage
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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4
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Impagnatiello F, Bastia E, Almirante N, Brambilla S, Duquesroix B, Kothe AC, Bergamini MVW. Prostaglandin analogues and nitric oxide contribution in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1079-1089. [PMID: 29669171 PMCID: PMC6451067 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma, all treatments aim to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by modulating aqueous humour (AH) production and/or uveoscleral and trabecular meshwork/Schlemm's canal AH drainage. PG analogues are considered to be the 'gold standard' treatment and are the most frequently used IOP-lowering agents. Recent data support an important role for NO in regulating IOP. Thus, novel PG analogues carrying a NO-donating moiety were recently advanced. Latanoprostene bunod (LBN) and NCX 470, NO-donating derivatives of latanoprost and bimatoprost, respectively, are examples of such compounds. LBN ophthalmic solution, 0.024% (Vyzulta™), showed greater IOP-lowering efficacy compared with that of Xalatan® (latanoprost ophthalmic solution, 0.005%) or 0.5% timolol maleate in clinical settings. NCX 470 was found to be more effective than bimatoprost in animal models of ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Selective EP2 receptor agonists (i.e. taprenepag isopropyl, omidenepag isopropyl and aganepag isopropyl) and non-selective prostanoid receptor agonists (i.e. ONO-9054, sepetaprost isopropyl) that concomitantly stimulate FP and EP3 receptors have also been shown to hold promise as effective IOP-lowering agents. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael V W Bergamini
- Nicox Ophthalmics, Inc.Fort WorthTXUSA
- Nicox Ophthalmics, Inc.Research Triangle ParkNCUSA
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5
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Wang Y, Yan S, Xiao B, Zuo S, Zhang Q, Chen G, Yu Y, Chen D, Liu Q, Liu Y, Shen Y, Yu Y. Prostaglandin F 2α Facilitates Hepatic Glucose Production Through CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 Signaling Pathway in Fasting and Obesity. Diabetes 2018; 67:1748-1760. [PMID: 29773555 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is drastically increased in patients with type 2 diabetes and accounts for increased fasting plasma glucose concentrations. Circulating levels of prostaglandin (PG) F2α are also markedly elevated in diabetes; however, whether and how PGF2α regulates hepatic glucose metabolism remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PGF2α receptor (F-prostanoid receptor [FP]) was upregulated in the livers of mice upon fasting- and diabetic stress. Hepatic deletion of the FP receptor suppressed fasting-induced hepatic gluconeogenesis, whereas FP overexpression enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. FP activation promoted the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes (PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase) in hepatocytes in a FOXO1-dependent manner. Additionally, FP coupled with Gq in hepatocytes to elicit Ca2+ release, which activated Ca2+/calmodulin-activated protein kinase IIγ (CaMKIIγ) to increase FOXO1 phosphorylation and subsequently accelerate its nuclear translocation. Blockage of p38 disrupted CaMKIIγ-induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation and abrogated FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Moreover, knockdown of hepatic FP receptor improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice. FP-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis via the CaMKIIγ/p38/FOXO1 signaling pathway, indicating that the FP receptor might be a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/chemistry
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dinoprost/metabolism
- Fasting/metabolism
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/agonists
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/cytology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Obese
- Mice, Transgenic
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengkai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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6
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MacLean Scott E, Solomon LA, Davidson C, Storie J, Palikhe NS, Cameron L. Activation of Th2 cells downregulates CRTh2 through an NFAT1 mediated mechanism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199156. [PMID: 29969451 PMCID: PMC6029763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CRTh2 (encoded by PTGDR2) is a G-protein coupled receptor expressed by Th2 cells as well as eosinophils, basophils and innate lymphoid cells (ILC)2s. Activation of CRTh2, by its ligand prostaglandin (PG)D2, mediates production of type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13), chemotaxis and inhibition of apoptosis. As such, the PGD2-CRTh2 pathway is considered important to the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation. Expression of CRTh2 is mediated by the transcription factor GATA3 during Th2 cell differentiation and within ILC2s. Other than this, relatively little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating expression of CRTh2. Here, we show using primary human Th2 cells that activation (24hrs) through TCR crosslinking (αCD3/αCD28) reduced expression of both mRNA and surface levels of CRTh2 assessed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR. This effect took more than 4 hours and expression was recovered following removal of activation. EMSA analysis revealed that GATA3 and NFAT1 can bind independently to overlapping sites within a CRTh2 promoter probe. NFAT1 over-expression resulted in loss of GATA3-mediated CRTh2 promoter activity, while inhibition of NFAT using a peptide inhibitor (VIVIT) coincided with recovery of CRTh2 expression. Collectively these data indicate that expression of CRTh2 is regulated through the competitive action of GATA3 and NFAT1. Though prolonged activation led to NFAT1-mediated downregulation, CRTh2 was re-expressed when stimulus was removed suggesting this is a dynamic mechanism and may play a role in PGD2-CRTh2 mediated allergic inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- CD28 Antigens/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD28 Antigens/genetics
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- CD3 Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics
- NFATC Transcription Factors/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Prostaglandin D2/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily MacLean Scott
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
| | - Lauren A. Solomon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Courtney Davidson
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
| | - Jessica Storie
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, CANADA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, CANADA
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7
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Kanai K, Okano M, Fujiwara T, Kariya S, Haruna T, Omichi R, Makihara SI, Hirata Y, Nishizaki K. Effect of prostaglandin D2 on VEGF release by nasal polyp fibroblasts. Allergol Int 2016; 65:414-419. [PMID: 27091669 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). VEGF is produced by a variety of cells including fibroblasts. It was recently reported that prostaglandin (PG) E2 induces VEGF release by nasal polyp fibroblasts. However, little is known regarding possible regulation of VEGF by other PGs. We have reported that molecules that regulate PGD2 metabolism play roles in the pathogenesis of CRS including in local eosinophilia and type 2 cytokine production. In the present study, we sought to determine whether PGD2 regulates VEGF release by nasal polyp fibroblasts. METHODS Nasal polyp fibroblasts were established from nasal polyps. These fibroblasts were stimulated with serial dilutions of PGD2 or PGD2 receptor (DP/CRTH2)-selective agonists in the presence or absence of receptor-selective antagonists. The concentration of VEGF in the culture supernatants was determined using ELISA. RESULTS 5 μM of PGD2 significantly induced VEGF release by nasal polyp fibroblasts. VEGF release was also obtained by stimulation with a DP receptor-selective, but not with a CRTH2 receptor-selective agonist. In addition, PGD2-induced VEGF release was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with DP receptor-selective antagonists. In contrast, pre-treatment with a CRTH2 receptor-selective antagonist significantly enhanced PGD2-induced VEGF release. CONCLUSIONS PGD2 stimulates VEGF production via DP but not CRTH2 receptors in nasal polyp fibroblasts.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Cells, Cultured
- Eosinophils/immunology
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nasal Polyps/diagnosis
- Nasal Polyps/etiology
- Nasal Polyps/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Respiratory Function Tests
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanai
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; Department Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Okano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tazuko Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Kariya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takenori Haruna
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Omichi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Hirata
- Department Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nishizaki
- Department Otorhinolaryngology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
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8
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Ghandour RA, Giroud M, Vegiopoulos A, Herzig S, Ailhaud G, Amri EZ, Pisani DF. IP-receptor and PPARs trigger the conversion of human white to brite adipocyte induced by carbaprostacyclin. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:285-93. [PMID: 26775637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brite adipocytes recently discovered in humans are of considerable importance in energy expenditure by converting energy excess into heat. This property could be useful in the treatment of obesity, and nutritional aspects are relevant to this important issue. Using hMADS cells as a human cell model which undergoes a white to a brite adipocyte conversion, we had shown previously that arachidonic acid, the major metabolite of the essential nutrient Ω6-linoleic acid, plays a major role in this process. Its metabolites PGE2 and PGF2 alpha inhibit this process via a calcium-dependent pathway, whereas in contrast carbaprostacyclin (cPGI2), a stable analog of prostacyclin, activates white to brite adipocyte conversion. Herein, we show that cPGI2 generates via its cognate cell-surface receptor IP-R, a cyclic AMP-signaling pathway involving PKA activity which in turn induces the expression of UCP1. In addition, cPGI2 activates the pathway of nuclear receptors of the PPAR family, i.e. PPARα and PPARγ, which act separately from IP-R to up-regulate the expression of key genes involved in the function of brite adipocytes. Thus dual pathways are playing in concert for the occurrence of a browning process of human white adipocytes. These results make prostacyclin analogs as a new class of interesting molecules to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane A Ghandour
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Maude Giroud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Alexandros Vegiopoulos
- DKFZ Junior Group Metabolism and Stem Cell Plasticity, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gérard Ailhaud
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France
| | - Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France.
| | - Didier F Pisani
- Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, iBV, UMR 7277, Nice, France; CNRS, iBV UMR 7277, Nice, France; Inserm, iBV, U1091, Nice, France.
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9
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Pastel E, Pointud JC, Loubeau G, Dani C, Slim K, Martin G, Volat F, Sahut-Barnola I, Val P, Martinez A, Lefrançois-Martinez AM. Aldose reductases influence prostaglandin F2α levels and adipocyte differentiation in male mouse and human species. Endocrinology 2015; 156:1671-84. [PMID: 25730106 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductases (AKR1B) are widely expressed oxidoreductases whose physiological function remains elusive. Some isoforms are genuine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) synthases, suggesting they might influence adipose homeostasis because PGF2α inhibits adipogenesis. This was shown by Akr1b7 gene ablation in the mouse, which resulted in increased adiposity related to a lower PGF2α content in fat. Yet humans have no ortholog gene for Akr1b7, so the role of aldose reductases in human adipose homeostasis remains to be explored. We analyzed expression of genes encoding human and mouse aldose reductase isoforms in adipose tissues and differentiating adipocytes to assess conserved mechanisms regulating PGF2α synthesis and adipogenesis. The Akr1b3 gene encoded the most abundant isoform in mouse adipose tissue, whereas Akr1b7 encoded the only isoform enriched in the stromal vascular fraction. Most mouse aldose reductase gene expression peaked in early adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and diminished with differentiation. In contrast with its mouse ortholog Akr1b3, AKR1B1 expression increased throughout differentiation of human multipotent adipose-derived stem cells, paralleling PGF2α release, whereas PGF2α receptor (FP) levels collapsed in early differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase using Statil altered PGF2α production and enhanced human multipotent adipose-derived stem adipocyte differentiation. As expected, the adipogenic effects of Statil were counteracted by an FP agonist (cloprostenol). Thus, in both species aldose reductase-dependent PGF2α production could be important in early differentiation to restrict adipogenesis. PGF2α antiadipogenic signaling could then be toned down through the FP receptor or aldose reductases down-regulation in human and mouse cells, respectively. Our data suggest that aldose reductase inhibitors could have obesogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pastel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6293 (E.P., J.-C.P., G.L., I.S.-B., P.V., A.M., A.-M.L.-M.), INSERM Unité 1103, Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Clermont Université, 63171 Aubière, France; iBV (C.D.), Institute of Biology Valrose, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 06189 Nice, France; Service de Chirurgie Digestive (K.S., G.M.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Estaing, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France; and INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1048 (F.V.), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Université Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France
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10
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Moon TC, Campos-Alberto E, Yoshimura T, Bredo G, Rieger AM, Puttagunta L, Barreda DR, Befus AD, Cameron L. Expression of DP2 (CRTh2), a prostaglandin D₂ receptor, in human mast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108595. [PMID: 25268140 PMCID: PMC4182489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PGD₂ has long been implicated in allergic diseases. Recent cloning of a second PGD₂ receptor, DP2 (also known as CRTh2), led to a greater understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological implications of PGD₂. PGD₂ signaling through DP1 and DP2 mediates different and often opposite effects in many cell types of the immune system. Although mast cells (MC) are the largest source of PGD₂ in the body, there is little information about their potential expression of DP2 and its functional significance. In this study, we show that tissue MC in human nasal polyps express DP2 protein, and that human MC lines and primary cultured human MC express mRNA as well as protein of DP2. By immunohistochemistry, we detected that 34% of MC in human nasal polyps expressed DP2. In addition, flow cytometry showed that 87% of the LAD2 human MC line and 98% of primary cultured human MC contained intracellular DP2. However, we could not detect surface expression of DP2 on human MC by single cell analysis using imaging flow cytometry. Blocking of endogenous PGD2 production with aspirin did not induce surface expression of DP2 in human MC. Two DP2 selective agonists, DK-PGD₂ and 15R-15-methyl PGD₂ induced dose-dependent intracellular calcium mobilization that was abrogated by pertussis toxin, but not by three DP2 selective antagonists. MC mediator release including degranulation was not affected by DP2 selective agonists. Thus, human MC express DP2 intracellularly rather than on their surface, and the function of DP2 in human MC is different than in other immune cells such as Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils where it is expressed on the cell surface and induces Th2 cytokine and/or granule associated mediator release. Further studies to elucidate the role of intracellular DP2 in human MC may expand our understanding of this molecule and provide novel therapeutic opportunities.
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MESH Headings
- Aspirin/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Degranulation/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Cytosol/drug effects
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Ion Transport
- K562 Cells
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Mast Cells/cytology
- Mast Cells/drug effects
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Nasal Polyps/metabolism
- Pertussis Toxin/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Prostaglandin D2/biosynthesis
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/agonists
- RNA, Messenger/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eduardo Campos-Alberto
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshimura
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Graeme Bredo
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aja M. Rieger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Puttagunta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel R. Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. Dean Befus
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lisa Cameron
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE Prostaglandin analogues are used to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucoma, but also affect the tone of the arteries supplying the ciliary body. Previously, the effect of prostaglandins has been studied on the extraocular ciliary arteries, whereas the effect on intraocular ciliary arteries has not been studied in detail. METHODS Intraocular long posterior porcine ciliary arteries were isolated and mounted in a myograph system for isometric tension recording, and the effects of PGF2α , the prostaglandin analogue latanoprost, PGD2 , PGE2 , PGI2 and the thromboxane analogue U46619 were studied in the presence and absence of selective receptor antagonists. RESULTS The prostaglandins PGD2 and PGE2 induced relaxation at low concentrations (10(-9) - 3 × 10(-7) m), which could be inhibited by blocking either the DP or the EP4 receptor, whereas PGD2 , PGE2 , PGF2α , latanoprost and U46619 induced contraction at high concentrations (10(-6) - 10(-5) m), which could be inhibited by blocking the TP receptor. Additionally, blocking of the FP receptor induced a right-shift of latanoprost-induced contraction. CONCLUSIONS Prostaglandins with affinity to DP1 and EP4 receptors induce relaxation at low concentrations, and prostaglandins with affinity to TP and FP receptors induce contraction at high concentrations of intraocular porcine ciliary vessels in vitro. The findings may contribute to understanding the regulation of blood flow to the ciliary body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidse Kringelholt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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12
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Sykes L, Lee Y, Khanjani S, Macintyre DA, Yap XJ, Ponnampalam S, Teoh TG, Bennett PR. Chemoattractant receptor homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2) is not expressed in human amniocytes and myocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50734. [PMID: 23226366 PMCID: PMC3511345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14- Prostaglandin J2 (15dPGJ2) inhibits Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in human myocytes and amniocytes and delays inflammation induced preterm labour in the mouse. 15dPGJ2 is a ligand for the Chemoattractant Receptor Homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2), a G protein-coupled receptor, present on a subset of T helper 2 (Th2) cells, eosinophils and basophils. It is the second receptor for Prostaglandin D2, whose activation leads to chemotaxis and the production of Th2-type interleukins. The cellular distribution of CRTH2 in non-immune cells has not been extensively researched, and its identification at the protein level has been limited by the lack of specific antibodies. In this study we explored the possibility that CRTH2 plays a role in 15dPGJ2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB and would therefore represent a novel small molecule therapeutic target for the prevention of inflammation induced preterm labour. METHODS The effect of a small molecule CRTH2 agonist on NF-κB activity in human cultured amniocytes and myocytes was assessed by detection of p65 and phospho-p65 by immunoblot. Endogenous CRTH2 expression in amniocytes, myocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was examined by PCR, western analysis and flow cytometry, with amniocytes and myocytes transfected with CRTH2 acting as a positive control in flow cytometry studies. RESULTS The CRTH2 agonist had no effect on NF-κB activity in amniocytes and myocytes. Although CRTH2 mRNA was detected in amniocytes and myocytes, CRTH2 was not detectable at the protein level, as demonstrated by western analysis and flow cytometry. 15dPGJ2 inhibited phospho-65 in PBMC'S, however the CRTH2 antagonist was not able to attenuate this effect. In conclusion, CRTH2 is not expressed on human amniocytes or myocytes and plays no role in the mechanism of 15dPGJ2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB.
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MESH Headings
- Amniotic Fluid/cytology
- Amniotic Fluid/drug effects
- Amniotic Fluid/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Muscle Cells/cytology
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Pregnancy
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sykes
- Parturition Research Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, England.
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13
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Mechiche H, Grassin-Delyle S, Robinet A, Nazeyrollas P, Devillier P. Prostanoid receptors involved in regulation of the beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45273. [PMID: 22984630 PMCID: PMC3440323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although prostanoids are known to be involved in regulation of the spontaneous beating rate of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the various subtypes of prostanoid receptors have not been investigated in detail. In our experiments, prostaglandin (PG)F2α and prostanoid FP receptor agonists (fluprostenol, latanoprost and cloprostenol) produced a decrease in the beating rate. Two prostanoid IP receptor agonists (iloprost and beraprost) induced first a marked drop in the beating rate and then definitive abrogation of beating. In contrast, the prostanoid DP receptor agonists (PGD2 and BW245C) and TP receptor agonists (U-46619) produced increases in the beating rate. Sulprostone (a prostanoid EP1 and EP3 receptor agonist) induced marked increases in the beating rate, which were suppressed by SC-19220 (a selective prostanoid EP1 antagonist). Butaprost (a selective prostanoid EP2 receptor agonist), misoprostol (a prostanoid EP2 and EP3 receptor agonist), 11-deoxy-PGE1 (a prostanoid EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptor agonist) did not alter the beating rate. Our results strongly suggest that prostanoid EP1 receptors are involved in positive regulation of the beating rate. Prostanoid EP1 receptor expression was confirmed by western blotting with a selective antibody. Hence, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes express both prostanoid IP and FP receptors (which negatively regulate the spontaneous beating rate) and prostanoid TP, DP1 and EP1 receptors (which positively regulate the spontaneous beating rate).
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cloprostenol/pharmacology
- Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epoprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Hydantoins/pharmacology
- Iloprost/pharmacology
- Latanoprost
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/physiology
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype/physiology
- Receptors, Thromboxane/agonists
- Receptors, Thromboxane/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Mechiche
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Université Champagne Ardennes, Reims, France
- UPRES EA 220, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Arnaud Robinet
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Université Champagne Ardennes, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Nazeyrollas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Université Champagne Ardennes, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Devillier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Université Champagne Ardennes, Reims, France
- UPRES EA 220, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Harland DR, Lorenz LD, Fay K, Dunn BE, Gruenloh SK, Narayanan J, Jacobs ER, Medhora M. Acute effects of prostaglandin E1 and E2 on vascular reactivity and blood flow in situ in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:79-89. [PMID: 22858445 PMCID: PMC3839254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) subserves gas exchange in the developing embryo and shell-less culture affords a unique opportunity for direct observations over time of individual blood vessels to pharmacologic interventions. We tested a number of lipids including prostaglandins PGE(1&2) for vascular effects and signaling in the CAM. Application of PGE(1&2) induced a decrease in the diameter of large blood vessels and a concentration-dependent, localized, reversible loss of blood flow through small vessels. The loss of flow was also mimicked by misoprostol, an agonist for 3 of 4 known PGE receptors, EP(2-4), and by U46619, a thromboxane mimetic. Selective receptor antagonists for EP(3) and thromboxane each partially blocked the response. This is a first report of the effects of prostaglandins on vasoreactivity in the CAM. Our model allows the unique ability to examine simultaneous responses of large and small vessels in real time and in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Alprostadil/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biphenyl Compounds/pharmacology
- Blood Vessels/drug effects
- Blood Vessels/physiology
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/metabolism
- Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogens/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Microsomes/drug effects
- Microsomes/metabolism
- Misoprostol/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Receptors, Thromboxane/agonists
- Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Thromboxane/metabolism
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/antagonists & inhibitors
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Xanthones/pharmacology
- alpha-Linolenic Acid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Harland
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - L D Lorenz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - K Fay
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - B E Dunn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee WI 53295
| | - S K Gruenloh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - J Narayanan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - E R Jacobs
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
- Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee WI 53295
| | - M Medhora
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226
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15
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Mesquita-Santos FP, Bakker-Abreu I, Luna-Gomes T, Bozza PT, Diaz BL, Bandeira-Melo C. Co-operative signalling through DP(1) and DP(2) prostanoid receptors is required to enhance leukotriene C(4) synthesis induced by prostaglandin D(2) in eosinophils. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1674-85. [PMID: 20973774 PMCID: PMC3081113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01086.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prostaglandin (PG) D(2) has emerged as a key mediator of allergic inflammatory pathologies and, particularly, PGD(2) induces leukotriene (LT) C(4) secretion from eosinophils. Here, we have characterized how PGD(2) signals to induce LTC(4) synthesis in eosinophils. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antagonists and agonists of DP(1) and DP(2) prostanoid receptors were used in a model of PGD(2) -induced eosinophilic inflammation in vivo and with PGD(2) -stimulated human eosinophils in vitro, to identify PGD(2) receptor(s) mediating LTC(4) secretion. The signalling pathways involved were also investigated. KEY RESULTS In vivo and in vitro assays with receptor antagonists showed that PGD(2) -triggered cysteinyl-LT (cysLT) secretion depends on the activation of both DP(1) and DP(2) receptors. DP(1) and DP(2) receptor agonists elicited cysLTs production only after simultaneous activation of both receptors. In eosinophils, LTC(4) synthesis, but not LTC(4) transport/export, was activated by PGD(2) receptor stimulation, and lipid bodies (lipid droplets) were the intracellular compartments of DP(1) /DP(2) receptor-driven LTC(4) synthesis. Although not sufficient to trigger LTC(4) synthesis by itself, DP(1) receptor activation, signalling through protein kinase A, did activate the biogenesis of eosinophil lipid bodies, a process crucial for PGD(2) -induced LTC(4) synthesis. Similarly, concurrent DP(2) receptor activation used Pertussis toxin-sensitive and calcium-dependent signalling pathways to achieve effective PGD(2) -induced LTC(4) synthesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Based on pivotal roles of cysLTs in allergic inflammatory pathogenesis and the collaborative interaction between PGD(2) receptors described here, our data suggest that both DP(1) and DP(2) receptor antagonists might be attractive candidates for anti-allergic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Mesquita-Santos
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Yamada Y, Ohinata K, Lipkowski AW, Yoshikawa M. Rapakinin, Arg-Ile-Tyr, derived from rapeseed napin, shows anti-opioid activity via the prostaglandin IP receptor followed by the cholecystokinin CCK(2) receptor in mice. Peptides 2011; 32:281-5. [PMID: 21129424 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapakinin, Arg-Ile-Tyr, is a vasorelaxing, anti-hypertensive and anorexigenic peptide derived from rapeseed napin. In this study, we found that rapakinin intracerebroventricularly administered to mice inhibited the analgesic effect of morphine, evaluated by the tail-pinch test. The anti-opioid activity of rapakinin was blocked by LY225910, an antagonist of the cholecystokinin (CCK) CCK(2) receptor, but not by lorglumide, an antagonist of the CCK(1) receptor. The anti-opioid activity of rapakinin was also blocked by CAY10441, an antagonist of the prostaglandin (PG) IP receptor. These results suggest that the anti-opioid activity of rapakinin is mediated by the CCK(2) and IP receptors. The anti-opioid activity induced by ciprostene, an IP receptor agonist, was blocked by LY225910, while that of CCK-8 was not blocked by CAY10441. Thus, it is demonstrated that the CCK-CCK(2) system was activated downstream of the PGI(2)-IP receptor system. Taken together, rapakinin shows anti-opioid activity via the activation of the PGI(2)-IP receptor system followed by the CCK-CCK(2) receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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17
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Yung HS, Chow KBS, Lai KH, Wise H. Gi-coupled prostanoid receptors are the likely targets for COX-1-generated prostanoids in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 81:65-71. [PMID: 19497718 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) behaves as a delayed response gene in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells exposed to nerve growth factor (NGF). To investigate the possible targets for COX-1 generated prostanoids in the early stages of neuronal differentiation, we have examined the expression of prostanoid receptors by PC12 cells using functional assays. Prostanoid receptor-specific agonists failed to activate adenylyl cyclase in undifferentiated and NGF-treated PC12 cells; neither did they stimulate phospholipase C activity. EP3 receptor agonists and PGF(2alpha) were the only active ligands, able to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. PC12 cells expressed EP3 and FP receptor mRNA, but only the responses to EP3 receptor agonists were inhibited by the EP3 receptor antagonist ONO-AE3-240. The functional role of NGF-stimulated COX-1 remains to be determined since we found no strong evidence of a role for EP3 receptors in the morphological changes induced by NGF during the early stages of differentiation of PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Yung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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18
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Gabelt BT, Hennes EA, Bendel MA, Constant CE, Okka M, Kaufman PL. Prostaglandin subtype-selective and non-selective IOP-lowering comparison in monkeys. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:1-8. [PMID: 19232013 PMCID: PMC2815338 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the magnitude of the intraocular-pressure (IOP)-lowering response in monkeys to the nonselective prostaglandin (PG)F(2a)-isopropyl ester (ie) can be reproduced by combining other PG-subtype-selective compounds. IOP was lowered by approximately 25% after 4-5 days of topical administration with latanoprost (FP agonist, 1.5 microg, q.d.), bimatoprost (prostamide, whose metabolites have been shown to be FP agonists; 9 microg, q.d.), or travoprost (FP agonist, 1.2 microg, q.d) or the EP2 agonist, butaprost (25 microg, b.i.d.). The EP1 agonist, 17-phenyl trinor (PhT) PGE2 (b.i.d.), and EP3 agonist, sulprostone (b.i.d.), had no IOP-lowering effects. The addition of butaprost, sulprostone (10 microg), or 17PhTPGE2 (25 microg) to latanoprost did not lower IOP more than latanoprost alone. However, treatment with the combination of latanoprost, 17PhTPGE2, butaprost, and sulprostone produced a similar 50-55% reduction in IOP, as did PGF(2)alpha-ie (b.i.d.). In conclusion, latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost produce similar IOP-lowering responses in normotensive monkeys and are most efficacious when administered q.d. pm, compared to b.i.d. The combination of the FP, EP1, EP2, and EP3 agonists used in this study was sufficient to lower IOP by the same magnitude as PGF(2)alpha-ie, suggesting that combining PG-subtype agonists may be a potent antiglaucoma strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B'Ann True Gabelt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Elizabeth A. Hennes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mark A. Bendel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chase E. Constant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mehmet Okka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Current address: Department Ophthalmology, Selcuk
University Medical School, Konya,
Turkey
| | - Paul L. Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of prostaglandins (PGs) in allergic inflammation and to know the value of PGs, as a target molecule for an anti-allergic drug. PGD(2) is the major PG produced by the cyclooxygenase pathway in mast cells. Our and others findings indicate that PGD(2) is one of the potent allergic inflammatory mediators and must be a target molecule of anti-allergic agent. From our data, one of PGD(2) receptor antagonists show clear inhibition of airway hypersensitivity caused by allergic reaction. Concerning the role of PGE(2) in allergic inflammation, conflicting results have been reported. Many experimental data suggest an individual role of each PGE(2) receptor, EP(1), EP(2), EP(3) and EP(4) in allergic reaction. Our results indicate the protective action of PGE(2) on allergic reaction via EP(3). In addition, one of EP(3) agonists clearly inhibits the allergic airway inflammation. These findings indicate the value of EP(3) agonists as an anti-allergic agent. In addition, some investigators including us reported that PGI(2) plays an important role for the protection of the onset of allergic reaction. However, the efficacy of PGI(2) analogue as an anti-allergic agent is not yet fully investigated. Finally, the role of thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) in allergic reaction is discussed. Our experimental results suggest a different participation of TxA(2) in allergic reaction of airway and skin. In this review, the role of PGs in allergic inflammation is summarized and the value of PGs as a target molecule for developing a new anti-allergic agent will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroichi Nagai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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20
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Telleria-Diaz A, Ebersberger A, Vasquez E, Schache F, Kahlenbach J, Schaible HG. Different effects of spinally applied prostaglandin D2 on responses of dorsal horn neurons with knee input in normal rats and in rats with acute knee inflammation. Neuroscience 2008; 156:184-92. [PMID: 18678231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2(PGD2) is the most produced prostanoid in the CNS of mammals, and in behavioral experiments it has been implicated in the modulation of spinal nociception. In the present study we addressed the effects of spinal PGD2 on the discharge properties of nociceptive spinal cord neurons with input from the knee joint using extracellular recordings in vivo, both in normal rats and in rats with acute inflammation in the knee joint. Topical application of PGD2 to the spinal cord of normal rats did not influence responses to mechanical stimulation of the knee and ankle joint except at a high dose. Specific agonists at either the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 (DP1) or the prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 (DP2) receptor had no effect on responses to mechanical stimulation of the normal knee. By contrast, in rats with inflamed knee joints either PGD2 or a DP1 receptor agonist decreased responses to mechanical stimulation of the inflamed knee and the non-inflamed ankle thus reducing established inflammation-evoked spinal hyperexcitability. Vice versa, spinal application of an antagonist at DP1 receptors increased responses to mechanical stimulation of the inflamed knee joint and the non-inflamed ankle joint suggesting that endogenous PGD2 attenuated central sensitization under inflammatory conditions, through activation of DP1 receptors. Spinal application of a DP2 receptor antagonist had no effect. The conclusion that spinal PGD2 attenuates spinal hyperexcitability under inflammatory conditions is further supported by the finding that spinal coapplication of PGD2 with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) attenuated the PGE2-induced facilitation of responses to mechanical stimulation of the normal joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Telleria-Diaz
- Department of Physiology I, Neurophysiology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Teichgraben 8, D-07740 Jena, Germany
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21
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Malki S, Bibeau F, Notarnicola C, Roques S, Berta P, Poulat F, Boizet-Bonhoure B. Expression and biological role of the prostaglandin D synthase/SOX9 pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2007; 255:182-93. [PMID: 17532558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer include the identification of involved signaling pathways that could potentially serve as a source of biomarkers for early stages of the disease. In this study, we show that the embryonic male prostaglandin D synthase (Pgds)/SOX9 pathway is expressed at both the RNA and protein levels in different types of human ovarian tumors, pointing to Pgds and SOX9 as possible diagnostic markers for ovarian carcinomas. Using ovarian cancer cell lines, we found, first, that components of the Pgds/SOX9 pathway are expressed in these cells, and second, that treatment of these cells with prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) can inhibit their growth via its DP1 receptor and induce apoptosis. Finally, using siRNA and overexpression strategies, we demonstrate that SOX9 expression is induced by PDG2 and is responsible for PDG2-mediated growth inhibition. Accordingly, as stimulating the PGD2/DP1 signal transduction pathway upregulates SOX9 expression, either activators of this pathway or DP1 agonists may be useful as new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Malki
- Department of Development and Differentiation, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH CNRS UPR1142, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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22
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Romano MR, Lograno MD. Evidence for the involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the bimatoprost-induced contractions on the human isolated ciliary muscle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:3677-82. [PMID: 17652738 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the bimatoprost effects in the isolated human ciliary muscle and to assess how these response can be modulated by AL8810 and SR141716A. METHODS In a myograph system (isometric force measurement), ciliary muscles were exposed cumulatively to PGF(2alpha), latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost, and anandamide (0.1 nM-10 microM). Experiments were also conducted in the presence of AL8810 (FP receptor antagonist; 100 nM) or SR141716A (CB(1) receptor antagonist; 10-100 nM). Contractions were expressed as the percentage of 10 microM carbachol-induced contractions. RESULTS In quiescent tissues, concentration-response curves for bimatoprost, anandamide, PGF(2alpha,) latanoprost, and travoprost were constructed. Bimatoprost showed an important contractile effect on isolated human ciliary muscle strips (E(max) = 125% +/- 0.09%); the maximal effect was higher than that obtained with carbachol. Contractions were inhibited by SR141716A (10 and 100 nM) and AL8810 (100 nM). CONCLUSIONS This study showed evidence of direct interaction of bimatoprost with the contractility of the human ciliary muscle through interaction with cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and prostanoid FP receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amides/pharmacology
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology
- Bimatoprost
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Ciliary Body/cytology
- Ciliary Body/drug effects
- Ciliary Body/physiology
- Cloprostenol/analogs & derivatives
- Cloprostenol/pharmacology
- Dinoprost/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprost/pharmacology
- Endocannabinoids
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Isometric Contraction/drug effects
- Isometric Contraction/physiology
- Latanoprost
- Lipids/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Rimonabant
- Travoprost
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Romano
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Section of Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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23
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Li Y, Zhu F, Vaidehi N, Goddard WA. Prediction of the 3D structure and dynamics of human DP G-protein coupled receptor bound to an agonist and an antagonist. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:10720-31. [PMID: 17691773 PMCID: PMC2535578 DOI: 10.1021/ja070865d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids play important physiological roles in the cardiovascular and immune systems and in pain sensation in peripheral systems through their interactions with eight G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors are important drug targets, but development of subtype specific agonists and antagonists has been hampered by the lack of 3D structures for these receptors. We report here the 3D structure for the human DP G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) predicted by the MembStruk computational method. To validate this structure, we use the HierDock computational method to predict the binding mode for the endogenous agonist (PGD2) to DP. Based on our structure, we predicted the binding of different antagonists and optimized them. We find that PGD2 binds vertically to DP in the TM1237 region with the alpha chain toward the extracellular (EC) region and the omega chain toward the middle of the membrane. This structure explains the selectivity of the DP receptor and the residues involved in the predicted binding site correlate very well with available mutation experiments on DP, IP, TP, FP, and EP subtypes. We report molecular dynamics of DP in explicit lipid and water and find that the binding of the PGD2 agonist leads to correlated rotations of helices of TM3 and TM7, whereas binding of antagonist leads to no such rotations. Thus, these motions may be related to the mechanism of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyong Li
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125
| | - Fangqiang Zhu
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125
| | | | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center (MC 139-74), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125
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24
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Mori A, Saito M, Sakamoto K, Narita M, Nakahara T, Ishii K. Stimulation of prostanoid IP and EP2 receptors dilates retinal arterioles and increases retinal and choroidal blood flow in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 570:135-41. [PMID: 17628525 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effects of vasodilatory prostaglandins (prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2)) and selective agonists for prostanoid EP(2) and EP(4) receptor on the diameters of retinal blood vessels and fundus (retinal/choroidal) blood flow in rats. Male Wistar rats (8- to 10-week-old) were treated with tetrodotoxin (50 microg/kg, i.v.) to eliminate any nerve activity and prevent movement of the eye and infused with a mixture solution of norepinephrine and epinephrine (1:9) to maintain adequate systemic circulation under artificial ventilation. Fundus images were captured with a digital camera that was equipped with the special objective lens for small animals, and the diameters of retinal arterioles and venules were measured on a personal computer. Fundus blood flow was estimated using a laser Doppler flowmetry. Intravenous infusions of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2) dilated retinal blood vessels, increased fundus blood flow and decreased systemic blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of vasodilatory prostaglandins on retinal arterioles were greater than those on retinal venules. Similarly, a prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-259-01) dilated retinal blood vessels, and increased fundus blood flow and decreased systemic blood pressure. However, a prostanoid EP(4) receptor agonist (ONO-AE1-329) failed to increase fundus blood flow, despite its comparable depressor response with those to vasodilatory prostaglandins and the prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist. The responses to forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, were very similar to those to prostacyclin and the prostanoid EP(2) receptor agonist. These results suggest that prostacyclin and prostaglandin E(2) act as vasodilators in retinal and choroidal circulation, and prostanoid IP and EP(2) receptors play an important role in the regulation of ocular hemodynamics in rats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colforsin/pharmacology
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Epoprostenol/pharmacology
- Male
- Methyl Ethers/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Epoprostenol
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
- Regional Blood Flow/drug effects
- Retina/drug effects
- Retina/physiology
- Retinal Artery/anatomy & histology
- Retinal Artery/drug effects
- Retinal Artery/physiology
- Retinal Vein/anatomy & histology
- Retinal Vein/drug effects
- Retinal Vein/physiology
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Mori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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25
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Paredes C, Tazzeo T, Janssen LJ. E-ring isoprostane augments cholinergic neurotransmission in bovine trachealis via FP prostanoid receptors. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:739-47. [PMID: 17630320 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0022oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like molecules that accumulate in oxidative stress and also exert powerful biological effects on a wide variety of tissues. We investigated the effects of several different isoprostanes on contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in bovine trachealis, finding only 15-E2t-IsoP to augment those responses. Many others have shown that isoprostanes act on prostanoid receptors, usually those of the thromboxane-selective prostanoid receptor (TP) subtype, although some describe actions through prostaglandin E2-selective prostanoid receptor (EP) or less frequently through prostaglandin F2alpha-selective prostanoid receptors (FP). We used an extensive panel of highly selective agonists and antagonists of prostanoid receptors to characterize the ones through which 15-E2t-IsoP was acting here. Pretreatment with the FP-selective AL-8810 significantly inhibited the augmentation, whereas TP- and EP-selective blockers did not. On the other hand, the augmentation exerted by 15-E2t-IsoP was mimicked by submicromolar concentrations of the FP-selective agonists PGF2alpha and fluprostenol, as well as by micromolar concentrations of the TP-selective agonist U46619. The concentration-response relationship for exogenously added acetylcholine was not significantly affected by 15-E2t-IsoP, confirming that the effect of the latter on EFS-evoked responses was exerted prejunctionally (i.e., to enhance release of Ach from nerve endings), rather than a direct postjunctional effect via a receptor on the smooth muscle. Finally, we investigated whether the inhibitory (adrenergic) innervation was also modulated by 15-E2t-IsoP, finding EFS-evoked relaxations to be unaffected by the isoprostane. We conclude that 15-E2t-IsoP acts upon an FP receptor on the cholinergic nerve endings, leading to enhanced neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Paredes
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Abstract
Prostaglandin D(2) is the most abundant prostaglandin in the brain. It has long been described as a modulator of the neuroinflammatory process, but little is known regarding the role of its Galpha(s)-coupled receptor, DP1. Therefore, in this study, the effect of the DP1 receptor on the outcome of cerebral ischemia in wildtype (WT) and DP1 knockout (DP1(-/-)) C57Bl/6 mice was investigated. Ischemia-reperfusion injury was produced by a 90-min occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery followed by a 4-day reperfusion. Infarct size was 49.0 +/- 11.0% larger in DP1(-/-) mice (n = 11; P < 0.01) than in WT mice (n = 9 per group). However, no differences were detected in the relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) or any of the physiological parameters measured (n = 5 per group) or in the large blood vessel anatomy (n = 3 per group). To further address whether the DP1 protective role in the brain could be extended to neurons, mouse primary corticostriatal neuronal cultures were exposed to the DP1-selective agonist, BW245C, which provided dose-dependent protection against excitotoxicity induced by glutamate. Protection was significant at a dose as low as 0.05 microm. The results indicate that the DP1 receptor is neuroprotective in both in vivo and in vitro paradigms. Development of drugs to stimulate the DP1 receptor in brain could provide a new therapeutic strategy against cerebral ischemia and potentially other neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiyan Saleem
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross 365, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hean Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross 365, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Takayuki Maruyama
- Discovery Research Institute I, Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Mishima-gun, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606−8501, Japan
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Ross 365, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, MD, USA
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27
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Meisdalen K, Dajani OF, Christoffersen T, Sandnes D. Prostaglandins Enhance Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced DNA Synthesis in Hepatocytes by Stimulation of E Prostanoid 3 and F Prostanoid Receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 322:1044-50. [PMID: 17567965 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in vivo and in vitro. We have examined the role of E prostanoid (EP) and F prostanoid receptors (FP) in enhancing the growth-stimulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in cultured hepatocytes. The EP2 receptor agonist butaprost had no significant effect on EGF-induced DNA synthesis. EP1 receptor-selective antagonists did not affect the enhancement by prostaglandin E(2) of EGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. Sulprostone, misoprostol, and fluprostenol strongly enhanced DNA synthesis and inhibited glucagon-stimulated cAMP accumulation, indicating that they all activated EP3 receptors. Sulprostone and fluprostenol, and to a lesser extent misoprostol, stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphates. The effects of fluprostenol and sulprostone on phospholipase C (PLC) were inhibited by the FP receptor antagonist AL-8810 [9 alpha, 15R-dihydroxy-11 beta-fluoro-15-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-16,17,18,19,20-pentanor-prosta-5Z, 13E-dien-1-oic acid], indicating that this effect was mediated by FP receptors. Inhibition of protein kinase C with GF109203X [2-[1-(3-dimetylaminopropyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-maleimide] resulted in a partial reduction of the growth stimulation induced by fluprostenol, indicating a minor role of FP receptors. Combining fluprostenol with misoprostol, but not with sulprostone, resulted in partially additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that both EP3 and FP receptors are involved. Combining sulprostone with misoprostol did not result in additive effects on DNA synthesis, suggesting that EP4 receptors were not involved. We conclude that, although a minor effect is exerted by FP receptors, the growth-stimulatory effects of prostaglandins in rat hepatocytes are mediated mainly by EP3 receptors. We have found no evidence of EP1 receptor involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Meisdalen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1057 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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28
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Wu L, Wang Q, Liang X, Andreasson K. Divergent effects of prostaglandin receptor signaling on neuronal survival. Neurosci Lett 2007; 421:253-8. [PMID: 17574754 PMCID: PMC2680717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with production of prostaglandins occurs in a wide spectrum of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases and is associated with neuronal death. Inhibition of the COX-2 pathway and downstream production of prostaglandins protect neurons in rodent models of cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. Recent studies investigating the functions of selected prostaglandin receptor pathways in mediating COX-2 neurotoxicity have demonstrated both toxic and paradoxically neuroprotective effects of several receptors in models of excitotoxicity. In this study, we investigate the functions of additional prostaglandin receptors not previously characterized in organotypic models of glutamate excitotoxicity. We find that PGD(2), PGI(2), and PGF(2alpha) receptors protect motor neurons in an organotypic spinal cord model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In addition, PGI(2) and TXA(2) receptors rescue CA1 neurons in an organotypic hippocampal model of N-methyl-d-aspartate excitotoxicity. However, in a model of inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide, prostaglandin receptors previously found to be protective in excitotoxicity now cause CA1 neuronal death. Taken together, these studies identify novel eicosanoid receptor signaling pathways that mediate neuronal protection in excitotoxic paradigms; these data also support the emerging hypothesis that the toxic/protective effects of eicosanoid signaling on neuronal viability diverge significantly depending on whether excitotoxicity or inflammation predominates as the underlying toxic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liejun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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29
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Chiba T, Kanda A, Ueki S, Ito W, Yamaguchi K, Kamada Y, Takeda M, Tanigai T, Oyamada H, Kayaba H, Chihara J. Possible novel receptor for PGD2 on human bronchial epithelial cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 143 Suppl 1:23-7. [PMID: 17541272 DOI: 10.1159/000101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), a major prostanoid produced by activated mast cells, has long been implicated in allergic diseases. Recent studies have shown that PGD(2) exerts its effects through two different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the D-prostanoid receptor (DP) and the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type-2 cells (CRTH2), expressed in various human tissues. The PGD(2)/CRTH2 system mediates the chemotaxis of eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 cells, which are involved in the induction of allergic inflammation. We have reported that normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) and epithelial cell lines (NCI-H(292)) expressed CRTH2, and PGD(2) induces production of IL-8 and GM-CSF. This review discusses the role of CRTH2/DP on epithelial cells and mentions a possible novel receptor for PGD(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Chiba
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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30
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Burks SR, Wright CL, McCarthy MM. Exploration of prostanoid receptor subtype regulating estradiol and prostaglandin E2 induction of spinophilin in developing preoptic area neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 146:1117-27. [PMID: 17408863 PMCID: PMC1945818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) mediates estradiol-induced masculinization of sexual behavior in the rat during a perinatal sensitive period. PGE2 induces formation of dendritic spines on preoptic area (POA) neurons and this synaptic pattern change is associated with the ability to express male sexual behavior as an adult. Whether PGE2 is released from astrocytes or neurons in the developing POA is unknown. To further understanding of how PGE2 induces dendritic spine formation at the cellular level, we have explored the PGE2 receptor subtype mediating this response. There are four receptors for PGE2, EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4, each having unique but interacting signal transduction profiles. Treatment of newborn female rats with the EP receptor agonists iloprost, butaprost and sulprostone indicated that stimulation of both the EP2 and EP3 receptors significantly increased spinophilin, a protein whose levels positively correlate to the presence of dendritic spines and masculinization of the POA. Use of antisense oligonucleotides against the mRNA for each receptor reveals that either EP2 or EP3 receptor knockdown reduces spinophilin in PGE2- or estradiol-treated females, whereas reducing EP1 or EP4 receptor levels by the same means has a smaller but also significant effect. A developmental profile of EP receptor expression indicates EP1 in particular is elevated for the first few days of life, corresponding to the critical period for masculinization, whereas mRNA levels for the other three receptors remain relatively constant.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Hippocampus/drug effects
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Microfilament Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Preoptic Area/cytology
- Preoptic Area/growth & development
- Preoptic Area/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/drug effects
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/physiology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Burks
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21201
| | - Christopher L. Wright
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21201
| | - Margaret M. McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, 21201
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31
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Sugimoto M, Arai I, Futaki N, Hashimoto Y, Sakurai T, Honma Y, Nakaike S. The anti-pruritic efficacy of TS-022, a prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist, is dependent on the endogenous prostaglandin D2 level in the skin of NC/Nga mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 564:196-203. [PMID: 17328887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 01/22/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TS-022 is a prostanoid DP(1) receptor agonist, originally developed as a novel anti-pruritic drug for atopic dermatitis. The drug has been shown to suppress scratching and improve the skin inflammation in the NC/Nga (NC) mouse, a model of atopic dermatitis. Corticosteroids are commonly used as effective agents for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. We examined the anti-pruritic efficacy of TS-022 in NC mice cohabited with skin-lesioned NC mice, which showed spontaneous scratching without skin lesions in the early phase and chronic itching with severe dermatitis in the late phase, in comparison with that of dexamethasone. We have previously reported that prostaglandin D(2) might have a physiological role in the inhibition of pruritus. While after 2 weeks of cohabitation with skin-lesioned NC mice (early phase of dermatitis, characterized by the appearance of spontaneous scratching), topically applied TS-022 exhibited a weak anti-pruritic effect in the NC mice, after 6 weeks of cohabitation (late phase, characterized by both chronic scratching and dermatitis), the drug exerted potent anti-pruritic activity. In contrast, dexamethasone exerted potent anti-pruritic effect in both the early and late phases. Indomethacin aggravated the scratching in the early phase, but had no effect in the late phase. The skin prostaglandin D(2) level was significantly increased in the early phase, to subsequently declined and return to the basal level in the late phase. The cutaneous ability for prostaglandin D(2) production following topical application of arachidonic acid or mechanical scratching was decreased in the late phase. Moreover, the expression level of the prostanoid DP(1) receptor in the skin was increased in the late phase. These findings suggest that the potent anti-pruritic activity of TS-022 in the late phase might be attributable to the decrease of endogenous prostaglandin D(2) production and increase of prostanoid DP(1) receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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Hammad H, Kool M, Soullié T, Narumiya S, Trottein F, Hoogsteden HC, Lambrecht BN. Activation of the D prostanoid 1 receptor suppresses asthma by modulation of lung dendritic cell function and induction of regulatory T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:357-67. [PMID: 17283205 PMCID: PMC2118726 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) can enhance or suppress inflammation by acting on different receptors expressed by hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. Prostaglandin D2 binds to the D prostanoid (DP)1 and DP2 receptor and is seen as a critical mediator of asthma causing vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and inflammatory cell influx. Here we show that inhalation of a selective DP1 agonist suppresses the cardinal features of asthma by targeting the function of lung dendritic cells (DCs). In mice treated with DP1 agonist or receiving DP1 agonist-treated DCs, there was an increase in Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells that suppressed inflammation in an interleukin 10–dependent way. These effects of DP1 agonist on DCs were mediated by cyclic AMP–dependent protein kinase A. We furthermore show that activation of DP1 by an endogenous ligand inhibits airway inflammation as chimeric mice with selective hematopoietic loss of DP1 had strongly enhanced airway inflammation and antigen-pulsed DCs lacking DP1 were better at inducing airway T helper 2 responses in the lung. Triggering DP1 on DCs is an important mechanism to induce regulatory T cells and to control the extent of airway inflammation. This pathway could be exploited to design novel treatments for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Hammad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
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33
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Arai I, Takaoka A, Hashimoto Y, Honma Y, Koizumi C, Futaki N, Sugimoto M, Takahashi N, Inoue T, Nakanishi Y, Sakurai T, Tanami T, Yagi M, Ono N, Nakaike S. Effects of TS-022, a newly developed prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist, on experimental pruritus, cutaneous barrier disruptions and atopic dermatitis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 556:207-14. [PMID: 17141215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TS-022, {4-[(1R, 2S, 3R, 5R)-5-Chloro-2-((S)-3-cyclohexyl-3-hydroxyprop-1-ynyl)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl] butylthio} acetic acid monohydrate, inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, an effect significantly antagonized, as in the case of prostaglandin D(2) by the prostanoid DP(1) receptor antagonist (BW A868C). TS-022 is a prostanoid DP(1) receptor agonist, originally developed as a novel anti-pruritic drug for patients with atopic dermatitis. We examined the effects of TS-022 on experimental pruritus, cutaneous barrier disruption, and atopic dermatitis and in in vitro immune function tests. Topically applied TS-022 significantly suppressed scratching in skin-lesioned NC/Nga mice from a concentration of 2.5 nM, and this scratch-suppressive activity was significantly antagonized by BW A868C. Tacrolimus (FK-506) and dexamethasone, used as reference drugs for atopic dermatitis, also exhibited suppressive effects against scratching, but only at concentrations of 125 and 25,000 microM. TS-022 applied topically, once a day for 2 days, significantly accelerated repair of the cutaneous barrier disruption caused by mechanical scratching, from concentrations of 2.5 nM. This acceleration of repair of the disrupted cutaneous barrier by this drug was also significantly antagonized by BW A868C. FK-506 and dexamethasone showed no beneficial effects on the repair of the disrupted cutaneous barrier. Repeated topical application of 2.5 microM of TS-022 and 12.5 microM of FK-506 once a day for 6 weeks significantly improved the skin inflammation scores in the NC/Nga mice. In regard to the effects of TS-022 in vitro, the inhibitory activity of TS-022 against concanavalin A-induced cytokine production by splenocytes was marginal as compared with that of FK-506 or dexamethasone. These results suggest that the beneficial therapeutic effects of TS-022 in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis are mediated by its suppressive effect on scratching and its effect of accelerating repair of the disrupted cutaneous barrier, both effects being attributable to its prostanoid DP(1) receptor agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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34
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Arai I. [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2006; 128:405-10. [PMID: 17167214 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.128.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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Abstract
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the most important risk factors for the development of glaucoma, which is a progressive optic neuropathy. Lowering IOP is currently the only therapeutic approach to the therapy of glaucoma. Since the use of pilocarpine eye drops for glaucoma treatment was reported in the late 1870s, academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies attempted to discover new drugs with more potent, prolonged, and safer IOP-reducing effects. These persistent efforts finally paid off, and prostanoids with FP-receptor agonist activity were found to be very potent IOP-lowering agents. To date, three prostanoids (latanoprost, travoprost and bimatoprost) have been launched in many countries, and now a new FP-receptor agonist, tafluprost, is entering clinical development. All of these prostanoids are superior to the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in their IOP-lowering efficacy, and no severe side effects have been reported in their long-term clinical use. In addition, tafluprost may be expected to improve ocular blood flow. Hence, prostanoids currently occupy center stage among glaucoma medications. It cannot be denied that in terms of efficacy, safety, patient compliance, and medical economy prostanoids are currently the first-line medicines among ocular antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruhiro Ishida
- Research & Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
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36
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Cossette C, Walsh SE, Kim S, Lee GJ, Lawson JA, Bellone S, Rokach J, Powell WS. Agonist and antagonist effects of 15R-prostaglandin (PG) D2 and 11-methylene-PGD2 on human eosinophils and basophils. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:173-9. [PMID: 17041009 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 acts through both the DP(1) receptor, which is coupled to adenylyl cyclase, and the DP2 receptor (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), which is present on eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 cells and results in cell activation and migration. The most potent prostanoid DP2 agonist so far reported is 15R-methyl-PGD2, in which the hydroxyl group has the unnatural R configuration. In contrast, the corresponding analog possessing the natural 15S configuration is approximately 75 times less potent. This raised the question of whether the isoprostane 15R-PGD2 might have potent DP2 receptor-mediated biological activity. We therefore chemically synthesized 15R-PGD2 and investigated its biological activity. This compound elicited DP2 receptor-mediated CD11b expression in human basophils and eosinophils and induced actin polymerization and migration in eosinophils with a potency about the same as that of PGD2. In contrast, it had only a weak effect on DP1 receptor-mediated adenylyl cyclase activity in human platelets. We also investigated the effects of modification of the 9-hydroxyl and 11-oxo groups of PGD2. Both PGK2, in which the 9-hydroxyl group is replaced by an oxo group, and 11-deoxy-11-methylene PGD2, in which the 11-oxo group is replaced by a CH2 group, have little or no DP1 or DP2 agonist activity. However, the 11-methylene analog is a DP2 antagonist (IC50, approximately 2 microM). We conclude that 15R-PGD2, which may be generated by oxidative stress, is a potent and selective DP2 agonist and that modification of the 11-oxo group of PGD2 can result in DP2 antagonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cossette
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 3626 St. Urbain Street, Montreal, Quebec H2X 2P2, Canada
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Abstract
The involvement of prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) in inflammatory diseases like allergy and asthma is well established, thus blocking the effect of this mediator represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of such diseases. PGD(2) is now known to act through two seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, DP (DP(1)) and CRTH2 (DP(2)), which are also activated by several endogenous metabolites from the arachidonic acid cascade, making the regulatory system highly complex. There has recently been a considerable effort aimed at developing antagonists of the PGD(2) receptors for treatment of inflammatory conditions like asthma and rhinitis. Several potent DP antagonists are now known, and one of these is currently in clinical trials for treatment of asthma. CRTH2 has received much attention since its identification as the second high affinity PGD(2) receptor in 2001, and a number of potent and selective antagonists have recently become available. This review will briefly discuss the biological background and validation of DP and CRTH2 as targets for antiinflammatory drugs, and then highlight developments in medicinal chemistry which have appeared in journals and patent applications in the last few years, and which have brought us closer to therapeutic applications of PGD(2) receptor antagonists in various indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Ulven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Koch KA, Wessale JL, Moreland R, Reinhart GA, Cox BF. Effects of BW245C, a prostaglandin dp receptor agonist, on systemic and regional haemodynamics in the anaesthetized rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2006; 32:931-5. [PMID: 16405449 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2005.04287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
1. Prostaglandin D (DP) receptor agonists have been shown to induce hypotension in rat models, possibly via peripheral vasodilation. However, it is not known which tissues and organs are most responsive. 2. In the present study, BW245C, a DP receptor-selective agonist, was administered to Inactin (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA)-anaesthetized rats. Animals received three serial i.v. infusions (17 min each) of either BW245C (escalating doses of 0.3, 3 and 30 microg/kg; n=6) or vehicle (6% ethanol in normal saline; n=6). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate were monitored continuously and regional blood flow was determined by the radionuclide-labelled microsphere method at baseline and at the end of each infusion. 3. It was found that BW245C dose-dependently reduced MAP; blood flow increased in forelimb skeletal muscle and skin, resulting in decreases in the regional vascular resistance (RVR) of skeletal muscle to -6+/-13, -53+/-11 and -68+/-6% of baseline following 0.3, 3 and 30 microg/kg BW245C, respectively (P<0.05 vs vehicle treatment for the two higher doses), and skin to -29+/-8, -55+/-8 (P<0.05) and -30+/-16% of baseline, respectively. Relative to vehicle, blood flow and RVR for brain, heart, lung, liver, stomach and kidney were not significantly affected by BW245C. 4. These results demonstrate that the hypotension resulting from DP receptor activation in the rat is mediated primarily through vasodilation of arterioles of skeletal muscle independent of changes in blood flow to vital organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Koch
- Neurological Diseases Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6119, USA.
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Tanaka A, Hattori K, Taniguchi K, Okitsu O, Tabuchi S, Nishio M, Nagakura Y, Maeda N, Murai H, Seki J. Replacing the cyclohexene-linker of FR181157 leading to novel IP receptor agonists: Orally active prostacyclin mimetics. Part 6. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4861-4. [PMID: 16837197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 06/15/2006] [Accepted: 06/17/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity of novel derivatives of our previously reported IP receptor agonist FR181157 is described. SAR studies to replace the cyclohexene-linker of FR181157 led to the discovery of compound 1i (FR207845) as a potent non-prostanoid PGI2 mimetic with good oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tanaka
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 2-1-6 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
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Bate C, Kempster S, Williams A. Platelet-activating factor antagonists protect amyloid-β damaged neurons from microglia-mediated death. Neuropharmacology 2006; 51:173-81. [PMID: 16678220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Revised: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurons treated with sub-lethal concentrations of amyloid-beta1-42 developed phenotypic changes and selectively bound a CD14-IgG chimera; in co-cultures, microglia recognised and killed these amyloid-beta1-42 -damaged neurons. Pre-treatment with the platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonists (Hexa-PAF, CV6209 or ginkgolide B) reduced CD14-IgG binding to amyloid-beta1-42 -damaged neurons, and the presence of PAF antagonists in co-cultures increased neuronal survival in a dose-dependant manner. PAF antagonists also protected neurons treated with HuPrP82-146, a peptide found in prion diseases. Second messenger studies demonstrated that the addition of PAF mimicked some of the effects of amyloid-beta1-42 on neurons. PAF-damaged neurons bound CD14-IgG, and PAF-damaged neurons were killed by microglia in a CD14-dependent process. Neuronal death was inversely related to both the concentration of PAF, and the number of microglia added. The effects of PAF were reduced by an antagonist of the prostanoid D receptor (BWA868C) indicating that neuronal damage induced by PAF is partly mediated by prostaglandins. These observations are compatible with the hypothesis that sub-lethal concentrations of amyloid-beta1-42 stimulate a cascade of second messengers including PAF and the prostaglandins. At nanomolar concentrations PAF induces a change in neuronal phenotype that activates microglia via the CD14 molecule, these activated microglia then kill the amyloid-beta1-42 damaged neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Bate
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.
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41
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Hung GHY, Jones RL, Lam FFY, Chan KM, Hidaka H, Suzuki M, Sasaki Y. Investigation of the pronounced synergism between prostaglandin E2 and other constrictor agents on rat femoral artery. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2006; 74:401-15. [PMID: 16737803 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the pronounced synergism between the weak contractile action of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and strong actions of phenylephrine, U-46619 and K(+) on rat isolated femoral artery. The potency ranking for synergism was SC-46275 (prostanoid receptor agonist selectivity: EP(3)>>EP(1))=sulprostone (EP(3)>EP(1))>17-phenyl PGE(2) (EP(1)>EP(3)). The novel EP(3) antagonist L-798106 (0.2-1microM) blocked the enhanced action of sulprostone (pA(2)=7.35-8.10), while the EP(1) antagonist SC-51322 (1microM) did not (pA(2)<6.0). Matching responses to priming agent and priming agent/sulprostone were similarly suppressed by nifedipine (300nM) and the selective Rho-kinase inhibitors H-1152 (0.1-1microM) and Y-27632 (1-10microM). Our findings implicate an EP(3) receptor in the prostanoid component of contractile synergism. While the synergism predominantly operates through a Ca(2+) influx-Rho-kinase pathway, the EP(3) receptor does not necessarily transduce via Rho-kinase.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Alprostadil/analogs & derivatives
- Alprostadil/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dinoprostone/analogs & derivatives
- Dinoprostone/analysis
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Drug Interactions
- Drug Synergism
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- In Vitro Techniques
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Male
- Nifedipine/pharmacology
- Phenylephrine/pharmacology
- Potassium/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Sulfonamides/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- rho-Associated Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria H Y Hung
- Department of Pharmacology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cheng K, Wu TJ, Wu KK, Sturino C, Metters K, Gottesdiener K, Wright SD, Wang Z, O'Neill G, Lai E, Waters MG. Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:6682-7. [PMID: 16617107 PMCID: PMC1458941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601574103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid (NA) is commonly used to treat dyslipidemia, but it elicits an adverse effect, termed flushing, which consists of cutaneous vasodilation with associated discomfort. An animal model of NA-induced flushing has been established in mice. As in humans, NA stimulated vasodilation in a dose-dependent manner, was associated with an increase of the vasodilatory prostaglandin (PG) D2 in plasma and could be blocked by pretreatment with aspirin. Two PGD2 receptors have been identified: PGD2 receptor 1 (DP1, also called DP) and PGD2 receptor 2 (DP2, sometimes termed CRTH2). DP2 does not mediate NA-induced vasodilation; the DP2-specific agonist DK-PGD2 (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2) did not induce cutaneous vasodilation, and DP2-/- mice had a normal vasodilatory response to NA. By contrast, BW245C, a DP1-selective agonist, induced vasodilation in mice, and MK-0524, a DP1-selective antagonist, blocked both PGD2- and NA-induced vasodilation. NA-induced vasodilation was also studied in DP1+/+, DP1+/-, and DP1-/- mice; although NA-induced vasodilation depended almost completely on DP1 in female mice, it depended only partially on DP1 in male mice. The residual NA-induced vasodilation in male DP-/- mice was aspirin-sensitive. Thus, in the mouse, DP1 appears to be an important component involved in NA-induced vasodilation, but other cyclooxygenase-dependent mechanisms also may be involved. A clinical study in healthy men and women demonstrated that treatment with MK-0524 reduced the symptoms of flushing and the increase in skin perfusion after the administration of NA. These studies suggest that DP1 receptor antagonism may be an effective means to suppress NA-induced flushing in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Aspirin/pharmacology
- Female
- Flushing/drug therapy
- Flushing/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hydantoins/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle Aged
- Niacin/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/deficiency
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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43
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Toris CB, Zhan GL, Feilmeier MR, Camras CB, McLaughlin MA. Effects of a Prostaglandin DP Receptor Agonist, AL-6598, on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006; 22:86-92. [PMID: 16722794 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2006.22.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines, in 11 cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma, the ocular hypotensive mechanism of action of AL-6598, partial agonist at the DP and EP prostanoid receptors. In a crossover fashion, both eyes of each monkey were dosed twice daily with 25 microL of either AL-6598 0.01% or vehicle for 2 days and on the morning of the 3rd day. Measurements were made on day 3 of each treatment. Alternative treatments were separated by at least 2 weeks. Intraocular pressures (IOPs) were measured by pneumatonometry and aqueous flow and outflow facility by fluorophotometry. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated mathematically. In the normotensive eyes, compared to vehicle treatment, AL-6598 decreased IOP from 22.5 +/- 0.7 to 18.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg (P = 0.006), increased uveoscleral outflow from 0.47 +/- 0.17 to 1.22 +/- 0.17 microL/min (P = 0.03), and increased aqueous flow from 1.49 +/- 0.10 to 1.93 +/- 0.13 microL/min (P = 0.01). No measurement in AL-6598-treated hypertensive eyes was significantly different from vehicle treatment. It is concluded that AL-6598 reduces IOP by increasing uveoscleral outflow in normotensive eyes of ketamine-sedated monkeys, despite an increase in aqueous flow. This effect is different from that of PGD(2), which decreases aqueous flow, and of the selective DP receptor agonist, BW245C, which increases both outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow in addition to decreasing aqueous flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Toris
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5840, USA.
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44
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Wilson SJ, Smyth EM. Internalization and recycling of the human prostacyclin receptor is modulated through its isoprenylation-dependent interaction with the delta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase 6. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:11780-6. [PMID: 16527812 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513110200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostacyclin, the major cyclooxygenase-derived product of arachidonic acid formed in the vasculature, mediates its potent anti-thrombotic and anti-proliferative effects through its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) termed the IP. Unlike many GPCRs, agonist-induced internalization of the IP occurs in an arrestin/GPCR kinase-independent manner. However, deletion of the IP COOH-terminal region prevented internalization suggesting that protein interactions at this region are involved in IP regulation. Using the COOH-terminal region of IP as bait we identified the delta subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6delta) as a novel hIP-interacting protein in two independent yeast two-hybrid screens. Interaction of IP and PDE6delta was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells, and in HEPG2 cells, which endogenously express neither IP nor PDE6delta. IP isoprenylation was critical for this interaction, as PDE6delta was unable to associate with an isoprenylation-deficient mutant IP (IPSSLC). PDE6delta overexpression altered the temporal pattern of agonist-induced internalization of IP, but not IPSSLC, in HEPG2 cells, increasing initial internalization but facilitating the return of IP to the cell surface despite the continued presence of agonist. Depletion of PDE6delta using short interfering RNA abolished cicaprost-induced IP internalization in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Recycling of IP, but not IPSSLC, upon agonist removal was facilitated by overexpression of PDE6delta. Thus PDE6delta interacts specifically with IP to modulate receptor trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wilson
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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45
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Thieme H, Schimmat C, Münzer G, Boxberger M, Fromm M, Pfeiffer N, Rosenthal R. Endothelin Antagonism: Effects of FP Receptor Agonists Prostaglandin F2αand Fluprostenol on Trabecular Meshwork Contractility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 47:938-45. [PMID: 16505027 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.05-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study analyzes additional mechanisms behind the ocular hypotensive effect of prostaglandin F (PGF) receptor (FP receptor) agonists PGF2alpha and fluprostenol (fluprostenol-isopropyl ester [travoprost]), which reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma probably by enhancing uveoscleral flow. The trabecular meshwork (TM) is actively involved in IOP regulation through contractile mechanisms. Contractility of TM is induced by endothelin (ET)-1, a possible pathogenic factor in glaucoma. The involvement of FP receptor agonists in the ET-1 effects on TM function was studied. METHODS The effects of FP receptor agonists on contractility of bovine TM (BTM) were investigated using a force-length transducer. The effects of PGF2alpha on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) mobilization in cultured cells were measured using fura-2AM. The expression of the FP receptor protein was examined using Western blot analysis. RESULTS The ET-1-induced (10(-8) M) contraction in isolated BTM was inhibited by PGF2alpha (10(-6) M) and fluprostenol (10(-6) M). This effect was blocked by FP receptor antagonists. Carbachol-induced contraction or baseline tension was not affected by PGF2alpha or fluprostenol. In cultured TM cells, ET-1 caused a transient increase in [Ca2+]i that was reduced by PGF2alpha. No reduction occurred in the presence of the FP receptor antagonist Al-8810. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of the FP receptor in native and cultured TM. CONCLUSIONS FP receptor agonists operate by direct interaction with ET-1-induced contractility of TM. This effect is mediated by the FP receptor. Thus, FP receptor agonists may decrease IOP by enhancing aqueous humor outflow through the TM by inhibiting ET-1-dependent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Thieme
- Augenklinik und Augenpoliklinik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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46
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Sandig H, Andrew D, Barnes AA, Sabroe I, Pease J. 9α,11β-PGF2and its stereoisomer PGF2αare novel agonists of the chemoattractant receptor, CRTH2. FEBS Lett 2005; 580:373-9. [PMID: 16378605 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 10/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
CRTH2 is a recently described chemoattractant receptor for the prostaglandin, PGD(2), expressed by Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils, and believed to play a role in allergic inflammation. Here we describe the potency of several PGD(2) metabolites at the receptor to induce cell migration and activation. We report for the first time that the PGD(2) metabolite, 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2), and its stereoisomer, PGF(2alpha), are CRTH2 agonists. 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) is a major metabolite produced in vivo following allergen challenge, whilst PGF(2alpha) is generated independently of PGD synthetase, with implications for CRTH2 signalling in the presence or absence of PGD(2) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Sandig
- Leukocyte Biology Section, NHLI Division, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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47
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Xue L, Gyles SL, Wettey FR, Gazi L, Townsend E, Hunter MG, Pettipher R. Prostaglandin D2Causes Preferential Induction of Proinflammatory Th2 Cytokine Production through an Action on Chemoattractant Receptor-Like Molecule Expressed on Th2 Cells. J Immunol 2005; 175:6531-6. [PMID: 16272307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PGD2, produced by mast cells, has been detected in high concentrations at sites of allergic inflammation. It can stimulate vascular and other inflammatory responses by interaction with D prostanoid receptor (DP) and chemoattractant receptor-like molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) receptors. A significant role for PGD2 in mediating allergic responses has been suggested based on the observation that enhanced eosinophilic lung inflammation and cytokine production is apparent in the allergen-challenged airways of transgenic mice overexpressing human PGD2 synthase, and PGD2 can enhance Th2 cytokine production in vitro from CD3/CD28-costimulated Th2 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether PGD2 has the ability to stimulate Th2 cytokine production in the absence of costimulation. At concentrations found at sites of allergic inflammation, PGD2 preferentially elicited the production of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by human Th2 cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Gene transcription peaked within 2 h, and protein release peaked approximately 8 h after stimulation. The effect of PGD2 was mimicked by the selective CRTH2 agonist 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGD2 but not by the selective DP agonist BW245C, suggesting that the stimulation is mediated by CRTH2 and not DP. Ramatroban, a dual CRTH2/thromboxane-like prostanoid receptor antagonist, markedly inhibited Th2 cytokine production induced by PGD2, while the selective thromboxane-like prostanoid receptor antagonist SQ29548 was without effect. These data suggest that PGD2 preferentially up-regulates proinflammatory cytokine production in human Th2 cells through a CRTH2-dependent mechanism in the absence of any other costimulation and highlight the potential utility of CRTH2 antagonists in the treatment of allergic diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- DNA/genetics
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Humans
- Hydantoins/pharmacology
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Interleukin-13/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-13/genetics
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-5/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-5/genetics
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Immunologic/drug effects
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/drug effects
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Th2 Cells/drug effects
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzheng Xue
- Oxagen Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom.
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48
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Sugimoto H, Shichijo M, Okano M, Bacon KB. CRTH2-specific binding characteristics of [3H]ramatroban and its effects on PGD2-, 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-PGJ2- and indomethacin-induced agonist responses. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 524:30-7. [PMID: 16256979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that ramatroban (Baynastrade mark), a thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) antagonist, had inhibited prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2))-stimulated human eosinophil migration mediated through activation of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). However, detailed pharmacological characterization of its inhibitory activity has not been described. In the present study, we showed that [(3)H]ramatroban bound to a single receptor site on CRTH2 transfectants with a similar K(d) value (7.2 nM) to a TxA(2) receptor (8.7 nM). We also demonstrated that ramatroban inhibited PGD(2)-, 15-deoxy-Delta(12, 14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2))- and indomethacin-induced calcium responses on CRTH2 transfectants in a competitive manner with similar pA(2) values (8.5, 8.5, and 8.6, respectively). This is the first report showing the evidence for direct binding of ramatroban to CRTH2, revealing its competitive inhibitory effects and another interesting finding that PGD(2), indomethacin and 15d-PGJ(2) share the same binding site with ramatroban on CRTH2.
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MESH Headings
- 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carbazoles/metabolism
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Humans
- Hydrazines/pharmacology
- Indomethacin/pharmacology
- Models, Biological
- Pentanoic Acids/pharmacology
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/metabolism
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sugimoto
- Respiratory Diseases Research, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Kizu-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan.
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49
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Hattori K, Tanaka A, Okitsu O, Tabuchi S, Taniguchi K, Nishio M, Koyama S, Higaki M, Seki J, Sakane K. Discovery of diphenylcarbamate derivatives as highly potent and selective IP receptor agonists: orally active prostacyclin mimetics. Part 3. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3091-5. [PMID: 15914004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2005] [Accepted: 04/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The new classes of diphenylcarbamate derivatives with a tetrahydronaphthalene skeleton as highly potent and selective IP agonists have been discovered. The optimized diphenylcarbamate type compound FK-788: (R)-4 exhibited potent antiaggregative potency with an IC50 of 18 nM and high binding affinity for the human recombinant IP receptor with K(i) values of 20 nM and selectivity for human IP over all other members of the human prostanoid receptor family. Compound (R)-4 was shown to exhibit good pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs, and also good bioavailability in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Hattori
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 2-1-6 Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
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50
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Gazi L, Gyles S, Rose J, Lees S, Allan C, Xue L, Jassal R, Speight G, Gamble V, Pettipher R. Delta12-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2 receptor agonist and causes activation of human eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2005; 75:153-67. [PMID: 15789622 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is a lipid mediator produced by mast cells, macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes and has been detected in high concentrations in the airways of asthmatic patients. There are two receptors for PGD2, namely the D prostanoid (DP) receptor and the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2). The proinflammatory effects of PGD2 leading to recruitment of eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes into inflamed tissues is thought to be predominantly due to action on CRTH2. Several PGD2 metabolites have been described as potent and selective agonists for CRTH2. In this study we have characterized the activity of delta12-PGD2, a product of PGD2 isomerization by albumin. Delta12-PGD2 induced calcium mobilization in CHO cells expressing human CRTH2 receptor, with efficacy and potency similar to those of PGD2. These effects were blocked by the TP/CRTH2 antagonist ramatroban. delta12-PGD2 bound to CRTH2 receptor with a pKi of 7.63, and a 55-fold selectivity for CRTH2 compared to DP. In Th2 lymphocytes, delta12-PGD2 induced calcium mobilization with high potency and an efficacy similar to that of PGD2. delta12-PGD2 also caused activation of eosinophils as measured by shape change. Taken together, these results show that delta12-PGD2 is a potent and selective agonist for CRTH2 receptor and can cause activation of eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes. These data also confirm the selective effect of other PGD2 metabolites on CRTH2 and illustrate how the metabolism of PGD2 may influence the pattern of leukocyte infiltration at sites of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Gazi
- Drug Discovery Department, Oxagen Limited, 91 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RY, UK.
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