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Ong J, Roem J, Ducharme-Smith K, Vizthum D, Lu M, Agrawal P, Urbina EM, Brady TM. Association of Sodium and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents and Young Adults With Obesity. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:669-679. [PMID: 37477185 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231186666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children have increased in prevalence. Dietary intake may modify risk. Data collected during a randomized trial testing the effect of a behavioral intervention on adiposity, blood pressure (BP), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were analyzed using multivariable regression to determine independent associations of sodium, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), and artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) intake with outcomes. High sodium intake (≥3.5 g) was associated with hypertensive BP (odds ratio 12.8; P = .027) in minimally adjusted models. High SSB intake (≥4 oz) was independently associated with body mass index z-score (β = .34; P = .035) and waist circumference z-score (β = .49; P = .022) in fully adjusted models. Any ASB intake was associated with LVMI in fully adjusted model (% change 38.22; P = .004). There was no effect modification between sodium and SSB on outcomes. Dietary factors explored in this study independently impacted CVD risk. Further effect measure modification should be explored in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ong
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Roem
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Mengyang Lu
- Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical & Translational Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pranjal Agrawal
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tammy M Brady
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Alves-Costa S, Nascimento GG, Peres MA, Li H, Costa SA, Ribeiro CCC, Leite FRM. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and periodontitis among adults: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:712-721. [PMID: 38454156 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Investigating the association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontitis and whether the awareness of diabetes modifies this relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data involving US adults aged 30-50. Periodontitis was classified according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP), and SSB consumption as dichotomous (<5 or ≥5, <7 or ≥7 and <14 or ≥14 times/week), ordinal and continuous variables. Confounders included family income poverty ratio, education, race/ethnicity, sex, age, food energy intake, smoking and alcohol. Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained by logistic regressions using inverse probability weighting. Effect modification analysis was performed considering self-reported diabetes. RESULTS Among 4473 cases analysed, 198 self-reported diabetes. SSBs were associated with periodontitis when individuals consumed ≥5 (OR 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-2.06), ≥7 (OR 1.92; 95% CI = 1.50-2.46) and ≥14 (OR 2.19; 95% CI = 1.50-3.18) times/week. The combined effect of consuming SSBs (≥5 and ≥14 times/week) and self-reported diabetes had less impact than the cumulative effect. CONCLUSIONS SSB consumption was associated with higher odds of periodontitis, and the estimates were reduced among those with awareness of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Alves-Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gustavo G Nascimento
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marco A Peres
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huihua Li
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susilena Arouche Costa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Renato Manzolli Leite
- National Dental Research Institute Singapore, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Oral Health Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Burton R, Sharpe C, Bhuptani S, Jecks M, Henn C, Pearce-Smith N, Knight S, Regan M, Sheron N. The relationship between the price and demand of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and gambling: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1286. [PMID: 38730332 PMCID: PMC11088175 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The WHO highlight alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes as one of the most effective policies for preventing and reducing the burden of non-communicable diseases. This umbrella review aimed to identify and summarise evidence from systematic reviews that report the relationship between price and demand or price and disease/death for alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs. Given the recent recognition as gambling as a public health problem, we also included gambling. METHODS The protocol for this umbrella review was pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42023447429). Seven electronic databases were searched between 2000-2023. Eligible systematic reviews were those published in any country, including adults or children, and which quantitatively examined the relationship between alcohol, tobacco, gambling, unhealthy food, or SSB price/tax and demand (sales/consumption) or disease/death. Two researchers undertook screening, eligibility, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the ROBIS tool. RESULTS We identified 50 reviews from 5,185 records, of which 31 reported on unhealthy food or SSBs, nine reported on tobacco, nine on alcohol, and one on multiple outcomes (alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs). We did not identify any reviews on gambling. Higher prices were consistently associated with lower demand, notwithstanding variation in the size of effect across commodities or populations. Reductions in demand were large enough to be considered meaningful for policy. CONCLUSIONS Increases in the price of alcohol, tobacco, unhealthy food, and SSBs are consistently associated with decreases in demand. Moreover, increasing taxes can be expected to increase tax revenue. There may be potential in joining up approaches to taxation across the harm-causing commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Burton
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England.
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health UK, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Casey Sharpe
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Saloni Bhuptani
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Mike Jecks
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Clive Henn
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Nicola Pearce-Smith
- UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), 10 South Colonnade, Canary Wharf, London, England
| | - Sandy Knight
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Marguerite Regan
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
| | - Nick Sheron
- Department of Health and Social Care, Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, 39 Victoria Street, London, England
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Kings College London, London, England
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Smith BT, Warren CM, Anderson LN, Hammond D, Manuel DG, Li Y, Andreacchi AT, Rosella LC, Fu SH, Hobin E. The equitable impact of sugary drink taxation structures on sugary drink consumption among Canadians: a modelling study using the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e121. [PMID: 38618932 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Estimate the impact of 20 % flat-rate and tiered sugary drink tax structures on the consumption of sugary drinks, sugar-sweetened beverages and 100 % juice by age, sex and socio-economic position. DESIGN We modelled the impact of price changes - for each tax structure - on the demand for sugary drinks by applying own- and cross-price elasticities to self-report sugary drink consumption measured using single-day 24-h dietary recalls from the cross-sectional, nationally representative 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition. For both 20 % flat-rate and tiered sugary drink tax scenarios, we used linear regression to estimate differences in mean energy intake and proportion of energy intake from sugary drinks by age, sex, education, food security and income. SETTING Canada. PARTICIPANTS 19 742 respondents aged 2 and over. RESULTS In the 20 % flat-rate scenario, we estimated mean energy intake and proportion of daily energy intake from sugary drinks on a given day would be reduced by 29 kcal/d (95 % UI: 18, 41) and 1·3 % (95 % UI: 0·8, 1·8), respectively. Similarly, in the tiered tax scenario, additional small, but meaningful reductions were estimated in mean energy intake (40 kcal/d, 95 % UI: 24, 55) and proportion of daily energy intake (1·8 %, 95 % UI: 1·1, 2·5). Both tax structures reduced, but did not eliminate, inequities in mean energy intake from sugary drinks despite larger consumption reductions in children/adolescents, males and individuals with lower education, food security and income. CONCLUSIONS Sugary drink taxation, including the additional benefit of taxing 100 % juice, could reduce overall and inequities in mean energy intake from sugary drinks in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Smith
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christine M Warren
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura N Anderson
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sickkids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas G Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology, 501 Smyth Box 511, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, and School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Bruyère Research Institute, OttawaON, Canada
| | - Ye Li
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alessandra T Andreacchi
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, MississaugaON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sze Hang Fu
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Hobin
- Public Health Ontario, 661 University Avenue, Suite 1701, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St Room 500, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Perrar I, Alexy U, Jankovic N. Changes in Total Energy, Nutrients and Food Group Intake among Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic-Results of the DONALD Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020297. [PMID: 35057478 PMCID: PMC8778042 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have changed the habitual lifestyles of children and adolescents, in particular, due to the closure of kindergartens and schools. To investigate the impact of the pandemic on nutrients and food intake of children and adolescents in Germany, we analyzed repeated 3-day weighed dietary records from 108 participants (3–18 years; females: n = 45, males: n = 63) of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study. Polynomial mixed-effects regression models were used to identify prospective changes in dietary intake (total energy (TEI), carbohydrates, fat, protein, free sugar, ultra-processed foods, fruits and vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages and juices) before and during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the current analysis, we have chosen the first months of the pandemic (March 2020–August 2020), as this was the period with the most restrictions in Germany so far (kindergarten, school and restaurant closures; contact and outdoor activity restrictions). No significant changes in either the selected nutrients or food groups were observed. However, children and adolescents recorded a significantly lower TEI during the pandemic (β = −109.65, p = 0.0062). Results remained significant after the exclusion of participants with under-reported records (β = −95.77, p = 0.0063). While macronutrient intake did not change, descriptive data indicate a non-significant decrease in sugar sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods intake. We suggest that children and adolescents from high socioeconomic families may have adapted lifestyle changes during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Perrar
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 7, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ute Alexy
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
| | - Nicole Jankovic
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences-Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, DONALD Study, Heinstück 11, 44225 Dortmund, Germany; (U.A.); (N.J.)
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Guo H, Phung D, Chu C. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, behavioral, and parental factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in children in China. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261199. [PMID: 34890424 PMCID: PMC8664181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence shows sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is a risk factor for obesity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in children. Investigating the influential profiles, which have been examined insufficiently, will help to inform the reduction of SSB consumption. The present research examines the current trend in SSB consumption and associated factors among children in China, in order to inform policy development. Methods Secondary data was extracted from China’s Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS; 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011), a repeated cross-sectional research, and a Chi-squared test was applied to compare SSB consumption in the last year, queried by social demographical, `environmental, behavioral, and parental factors. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to examine the trend and effects of the multiple factors. Results A total of 6015 Chinese children aged 6–17 years were investigated. From 2004 to 2011, the percentage of SSB consumption in children increased from 72.6% to 90.3%. The prevalence in urban areas was higher than the prevalence in rural areas, higher in high schools than primary and middle schools, higher in east coast affluent provinces than other provinces, and higher in high-income households than low-income households. Other associated factors include children’s fast food and salty snacks preference, level of physical activity, sedentariness, and parental education. The strongest association with SSB consumption in children was the mother’s SSB consumption (adjusted odds ratio: 5.54, 95% CI: 3.17–9.67). Conclusion Children’s SSB consumption has increased significantly in China, and is associated with socio-economic, demographic, level of physical activity, food preference, and parental factors. Future strategies aimed at reducing SSB consumption among children need to consider these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Guo
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Dung Phung
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
| | - Cordia Chu
- Centre for Environment and Population Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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Bui C, Lin LY, Wu CY, Chiu YW, Chiou HY. Association between Emotional Eating and Frequency of Unhealthy Food Consumption among Taiwanese Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:2739. [PMID: 34444899 PMCID: PMC8401002 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotional eating is one factor that increases the consumption of unhealthy food. This study aimed to investigate the association between emotional eating and frequencies of consuming fast food, high-fat snacks, processed meat products, dessert foods, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in adolescents. The baseline survey data (2015) from the Taiwan Adolescent to Adult Longitudinal Study (TAALS) were fitted into multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for sex, school type, Body Mass Index (BMI), eating while doing something, nutrition label reading, skipping breakfast, smoking, binge drinking, sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, peer and school support, and parental education level. Among the 18,461 participants (48.5% male and 51.5% female), those exhibiting emotional eating were more likely to consume fast food (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.40, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 2.18-2.64), high-fat snacks (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 2.12-2.49), processed meat products (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.78-2.08), dessert foods (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 2.31-2.69), and sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.70-1.98). Factors that were positively associated with unhealthy food consumption included eating while doing other activities, binge drinking, smoking, and sedentary lifestyle. Among all the covariates, nutrition label reading was the only factor that was inversely associated with frequent unhealthy food consumption. Sex and school type may moderate the effect of emotional eating on the frequent consumption of specific unhealthy food groups. In conclusion, adolescents with high emotional eating were more likely to report frequent consumption of unhealthy foods in Taiwan. Our findings showed that male participants appeared to consume fast foods, high-fat snacks, processed meat, and SSBs more often and dessert foods less often than females. Future longitudinal studies are recommended for understanding the causal relationship between emotional eating and unhealthy food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Bui
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Health Communication and Education, Quang Ninh Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Vietnam, 651 Le Thanh Tong St., Bach Dang Ward, Ha Long 01108, Vietnam
| | - Li-Yin Lin
- Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Leisure Industry and Health Promotion, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 365 Mingde Road, Beitou District, Taipei 11219, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Wu
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chiou
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan;
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Zhuang X, Liu Y, Gittelsohn J, Lewis E, Song S, Ma Y, Wen D. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Associated Factors among Northeastern Chinese Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:2233. [PMID: 34209665 PMCID: PMC8308402 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between home-related factors, community environmental factors, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake among Northeastern Chinese children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional. Children with complete data were included in the analysis (n = 901). A questionnaire modified according to BEVQ-15 measured the intake of SSBs. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the consumption of SSBs. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 was applied to perform all statistical analyses. (3) Results: The mean total amount of SSBs consumed on a weekly basis was 2214.04 ± 2188.62 mL. Children's weekly pocket money, frequency of SSBs purchase, SSBs availability at home, the number of accessible supermarkets, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were all found to be associated with a high intake of SSBs among all children. Among children of normal weight, the findings indicated that weekly pocket money, SSBs availability at home, and number of accessible supermarkets were associated with a high SSBs intake. At the same time, frequency of SSBs purchase, mother's SSBs intake, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were associated with a high SSBs intake among children with obesity. (4) Conclusions: Given the potential negative health effects of high SSBs intake, it is crucial to pay attention to home-related factors and community environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiu Zhuang
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Human Nutrition Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Emma Lewis
- Human Nutrition Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.G.); (E.L.)
| | - Shenzhi Song
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yanan Ma
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (Y.M.)
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (X.Z.); (Y.L.); (S.S.); (Y.M.)
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Bleich SN, Dunn CG, Soto MJ, Yan J, Gibson LA, Lawman HG, Mitra N, Lowery CM, Peterhans A, Hua SV, Roberto CA. Association of a Sweetened Beverage Tax With Purchases of Beverages and High-Sugar Foods at Independent Stores in Philadelphia. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2113527. [PMID: 34129022 PMCID: PMC8207239 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The relationship between a sweetened beverage tax and changes in the prices and purchases of beverages and high-sugar food is understudied in the long term and in small independent food retail stores where sugar-sweetened beverages are among the most commonly purchased items. OBJECTIVE To examine whether a 1.5 cent-per-fluid-ounce excise tax on sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was associated with sustained changes in beverage prices and purchases, as well as calories purchased from beverages and high-sugar foods, over 2 years at small independent stores. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used a difference-in-differences approach to compare changes in beverage prices and purchases of beverages and high-sugar foods (candy, sweet snacks) at independent stores in Philadelphia and Baltimore, Maryland (a nontaxed control) before and 2 years after tax implementation, which occurred on January 1, 2017. Price comparisons were also made to independent stores in Philadelphia's neighboring counties. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in mean price (measured in cents per fluid ounce) of taxed and nontaxed beverages, mean fluid ounces purchased of taxed and nontaxed beverages, and mean total calories purchased from beverages and high-sugar foods. RESULTS Compared with Baltimore independent stores, taxed beverage prices in Philadelphia increased 2.06 cents per fluid ounce (95% CI, 1.75 to 2.38 cents per fluid ounce; P < .001), with 137% of the tax passed through to prices 2 years after tax implementation, while nontaxed beverage prices had no statistically significant change. A total of 116 independent stores and 4738 customer purchases (1950 [41.2%] women; 4351 [91.8%] age 18 years or older; 1006 [21.2%] White customers, 3185 [67.2%] Black customers) at independent stores were assessed for price and purchase comparisons. Purchases of taxed beverages declined by 6.1 fl oz (95% CI, -9.9 to -2.4 fl oz; P < .001), corresponding to a 42% decline in Philadelphia compared with Baltimore; there were no significant changes in purchases of nontaxed beverages. Although there was no significant moderation by neighborhood income or customer education level, exploratory stratified analyses revealed that declines in taxed beverage purchases were larger among customers shopping in low-income neighborhoods (-7.1 fl oz; 95% CI, -13.0 to -1.1 fl oz; P = .001) and individuals with lower education levels (-6.9 fl oz; 95% CI, -12.5 to -1.3 fl oz; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cross-sectional study found that a tax on sweetened beverages was associated with increases in price and decreases in purchasing. Beverage excise taxes may be an effective policy to sustainably decrease purchases of sweetened drinks and calories from sugar in independent stores, with large reductions in lower-income areas and among customers with lower levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Bleich
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Caroline G. Dunn
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark J. Soto
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiali Yan
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Laura A. Gibson
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Hannah G. Lawman
- Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nandita Mitra
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Caitlin M. Lowery
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana Peterhans
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Sophia V. Hua
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Christina A. Roberto
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Doggui R, Ward S, Johnson C, Bélanger M. Trajectories of Eating Behaviour Changes during Adolescence. Nutrients 2021; 13:1313. [PMID: 33923453 PMCID: PMC8073249 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence represents a critical transition phase during which individuals acquire eating behaviours that can track into adulthood. This study aims to characterise trends in eating behaviours throughout adolescence by investigating the presence of sub-groups of individuals presenting distinct trajectories of vegetable and fruit, sugary beverage, breakfast and fast-food consumption. Data from 744 MATCH study Canadian participants followed from 11 to 18 Years old (2013-2019) were included in the analyses. Participants reported how often they ate breakfast and consumed vegetables and fruits, sugary beverages and fast foods. Trajectories of eating behaviours over seven years were identified using group-based multi-trajectory modelling. For girls, three different groups were identified, namely 'stable food intake with a decline in daily breakfast consumption' (39.9%), 'moderate food intake and worsening in overall eating behaviours' (38.0%) and 'stable high food intake' (22.1%). For boys, five different groups were identified, namely 'low food intake with stable daily breakfast consumption' (27.3%), 'breakfast-skippers and increasing fast food intake' (27.1%), 'low food intake with a decline in daily breakfast consumption' (23.9%), 'high food intake with worsening of eating behaviours' (13.3%) and 'average food intake with consistently high breakfast consumption' (8.4%). Eating behaviours evolve through various distinct trajectories and sub-group-specific strategies may be required to promote healthy eating behaviours among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhouene Doggui
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick (Université de Sherbrooke), Pavillon J.-Raymond-Frenette, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
| | - Stéphanie Ward
- École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d’Études Familiales, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
| | - Claire Johnson
- École des Hautes Études Publiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Centre de Formation Médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick (Université de Sherbrooke), Pavillon J.-Raymond-Frenette, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Ave, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada;
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Vitalité Health Network, Moncton, NB E2A 1A9, Canada
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11
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Morgan K, Lowthian E, Hawkins J, Hallingberg B, Alhumud M, Roberts C, Murphy S, Moore G. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption from 1998-2017: Findings from the health behaviour in school-aged children/school health research network in Wales. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248847. [PMID: 33852585 PMCID: PMC8046241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date no study has examined time trends in adolescent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks, or modelled change in inequalities over time. The present study aimed to fill this gap by identifying historical trends among secondary school students in Wales, United Kingdom. The present study includes 11–16 year olds who completed the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey and the Welsh School Health Research Network (SHRN) survey between 1998 to 2017. Multinomial regression models were employed alongside tests for interaction effects. A total of 176,094 student responses were assessed. From 1998 to 2017, the prevalence of daily sugar-sweetened beverage consumption decreased (57% to 18%) while weekly consumption has remained constant since 2006 (49% to 52%). From 2013 to 2017, daily consumption of energy drinks remained stable (6%) while weekly consumption reports steadily decreased (23% to 15%). Boys, older children and those from a low socioeconomic group reported higher consumption rates of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks. Consumption according to socioeconomic group was the only characteristic to show a statistically significant change over time, revealing a widening disparity between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption rates of those from low and high socioeconomic groups. Findings indicate a positive shift in overall consumption rates of both sugar-sweetened beverages and energy drinks. Adolescents from a low socioeconomic group however were consistently shown to report unfavourable sugar-sweetened beverages consumption when compared to peers from high socioeconomic group. Given the established longer term impacts of sugar-sweetened beverage and energy drink consumption on adolescent health outcomes, urgent policy action is required to reduce overall consumption rates, with close attention to equity of impact throughout policy design and evaluation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily Lowthian
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Britt Hallingberg
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Manal Alhumud
- Applied Medical Sciences, Community Health Sciences, King Saudi University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chris Roberts
- Knowledge and Analytical Services, Welsh Government, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Murphy
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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12
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Pell D, Mytton O, Penney TL, Briggs A, Cummins S, Penn-Jones C, Rayner M, Rutter H, Scarborough P, Sharp SJ, Smith RD, White M, Adams J. Changes in soft drinks purchased by British households associated with the UK soft drinks industry levy: controlled interrupted time series analysis. BMJ 2021; 372:n254. [PMID: 33692200 PMCID: PMC7944367 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine changes in household purchases of drinks and confectionery one year after implementation of the UK soft drinks industry levy (SDIL). DESIGN Controlled interrupted time series analysis. PARTICIPANTS Members of a panel of households reporting their purchasing on a weekly basis to a market research company (average weekly number of participants n=22 183), March 2014 to March 2019. INTERVENTION A two tiered tax levied on manufacturers of soft drinks, announced in March 2016 and implemented in April 2018. Drinks with ≥8 g sugar/100 mL (high tier) are taxed at £0.24/L and drinks with ≥5 to <8 g sugar/100 mL (low tier) are taxed at £0.18/L. Drinks with <5 g sugar/100 mL (no levy) are not taxed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Absolute and relative differences in the volume of, and amount of sugar in, soft drinks categories, all soft drinks combined, alcohol, and confectionery purchased per household per week one year after implementation of the SDIL compared with trends before the announcement of the SDIL. RESULTS In March 2019, compared with the counterfactual estimated from pre-announcement trends, purchased volume of drinks in the high levy tier decreased by 155 mL (95% confidence interval 240.5 to 69.5 mL) per household per week, equivalent to 44.3% (95% confidence interval 59.9% to 28.7%), and sugar purchased in these drinks decreased by 18.0 g (95% confidence interval 32.3 to 3.6 g), or 45.9% (68.8% to 22.9%). Purchases of low tier drinks decreased by 177.3 mL (225.3 to 129.3 mL) per household per week, or 85.9% (95.1% to 76.7%), with a 12.5 g (15.4 to 9.5 g) reduction in sugar in these drinks, equivalent to 86.2% (94.2% to 78.1%). Despite no overall change in volume of no levy drinks purchased, there was an increase in sugar purchased of 15.3 g (12.6 to 17.9 g) per household per week, equivalent to 166.4% (94.2% to 238.5%). When all soft drinks were combined, the volume of drinks purchased did not change, but sugar decreased by 29.5 g (55.8 to 3.1 g), or 9.8% (17.9% to 1.8%). Purchases of confectionery and alcoholic drinks did not change. CONCLUSIONS Compared with trends before the SDIL was announced, one year after implementation, the volume of soft drinks purchased did not change. The amount of sugar in those drinks was 30 g, or 10%, lower per household per week-equivalent to one 250 mL serving of a low tier drink per person per week. The SDIL might benefit public health without harming industry. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN18042742.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pell
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Oliver Mytton
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tarra L Penney
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Adam Briggs
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Division of Health Sciences, Coventry, UK
| | - Steven Cummins
- Population Health Innovation Lab, Department of Public Health, Environment and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Catrin Penn-Jones
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mike Rayner
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Peter Scarborough
- Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute of Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard D Smith
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Martin White
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jean Adams
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Cetiner O, Yildirim G, Kalyoncu ZB. Social Jetlag Is Associated with the Frequency of Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and a High BMI Percentile in Adolescents: Results of the Cross-Sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:1721-1731.e1. [PMID: 33653680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social jetlag (SJL) occurs in adolescents due to misalignment of the biological and social clocks, so that most teens wake up earlier than their biological clocks on weekdays and delay bedtime and wake up time on weekends. This shift in sleep timing among adolescents is associated with an adverse endocrine and behavioral risk profile, in addition to increased food consumption and increased body mass index (BMI). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association between SJL, and the frequency of consumption of multiple food and beverage groups and BMI percentile in adolescents. DESIGN Publicly available data from the cross-sectional Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS Participants from the FLASHE study were recruited from all regions of the United States between April and October 2014. Among the 1,581 adolescents aged 12 through 17 years in the original study, 1,556 with complete sleep data were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The difference between the frequency of dietary consumption according to the Dietary Screener Questionnaire and BMI percentile was assessed in adolescents grouped according to SJL, as follows: no SJL: less than 1-hour difference; mild SJL: 1- to 2-hour difference; and severe SJL: more than 2-hour difference. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Differences in the frequency of food consumption were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Secondary outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS Daily consumption frequency of sugar-sweetened beverages and fruits and vegetables differed among the 3 groups. Likewise, the BMI percentile differed among the 3 groups and was highest in the severe SJL group. Those in the severe SJL group had a 1.84-fold higher probability of having overweight or obesity (95% CI 1.83 to 1.84) than those in the no SJL group. CONCLUSIONS Severe SJL is associated with a higher frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and higher odds of having overweight or obesity compared with no SJL in adolescents.
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14
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Llaha F, Gil-Lespinard M, Unal P, de Villasante I, Castañeda J, Zamora-Ros R. Consumption of Sweet Beverages and Cancer Risk. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020516. [PMID: 33557387 PMCID: PMC7915548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sweet beverages, including sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificial-sweetened beverages (ASB) and fruit juices (FJ), is associated with the risk of different cardiometabolic diseases. It may also be linked to the development of certain types of tumors. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies aimed at examining the association between sweet beverage intake and cancer risk. Suitable articles published up to June 2020 were sourced through PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS databases. Overall, 64 studies were identified, of which 27 were selected for the meta-analysis. This was performed by analyzing the multivariable-adjusted OR, RR or HR of the highest sweet beverage intake categories compared to the lowest one. Random effects showed significant positive association between SSB intake and breast (RR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.30) and prostate cancer risk (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.27) and also between FJs and prostate cancer risk (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). Although the statistically significant threshold was not reached, there tended to be positive associations for the following: SSBs and colorectal and pancreatic cancer risk; FJs and breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer risk; and ASBs and pancreatic cancer risk. This study recommends limiting sweet beverage consumption. Furthermore, we propose to establish a homogeneous classification of beverages and investigate them separately, to better understand their role in carcinogenesis.
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15
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Marshall TA, Curtis AM, Cavanaugh JE, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Beverage Intakes and Toothbrushing During Childhood Are Associated With Caries at Age 17 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021; 121:253-260. [PMID: 33109505 PMCID: PMC7855000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been associated with childhood caries; however, associations among lifelong beverage intakes and adolescent caries have received less attention. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between beverage intakes during childhood and adolescence and caries experience at 17 years of age, while adjusting for fluoride intakes and toothbrushing. DESIGN Descriptive model analyses were conducted on data collected from a longitudinal birth cohort study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants included Iowa Fluoride Study members (n = 318) recruited at birth between 1992 and 1995 with at least 6 beverage questionnaires completed from ages 1 to 17 years and a caries examination at age 17. EXPOSURE Predictors included mean daily milk, juice (100% juice and juice drinks before age 9), SSB (including juice drinks after age 9), and water/sugar-free beverage (SFB) intakes; daily fluoride intakes; and daily toothbrushing frequencies for ages 1 to 17. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was dental caries count at age 17, adjusted for the number of scored tooth surfaces (decayed and filled surfaces attack rate [DFSAR]). STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Univariable generalized linear models were fit for each predictor and the outcome DFSAR. Multivariable models assessed combined effects of beverage types, fluoride variables, toothbrushing, sex, and baseline socioeconomic status. RESULTS Based on multivariable models, each 8 oz of additional daily juice and water/SFB decreased expected DFSAR by 53% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%-73%) and 29% (95% CI: 7%-46%), respectively, and 8 additional oz SSBs increased expected DFSAR by 42% (95% CI: 5%-92%), after adjustment for other beverage intakes, toothbrushing, total fluoride intake excluding SSB fluoride (non-SSB total fluoride), sex, and baseline socioeconomic status. Each additional daily toothbrushing event decreased expected DFSAR by 43% (95% CI: 14%-62%) after adjustment for beverage intakes, non-SSB total fluoride intake, sex, and baseline SES. CONCLUSIONS Higher juice and water/SFB intakes and more toothbrushing were associated with lower caries at age 17, while higher SSB intakes were associated with higher caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Marshall
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.
| | - Alexandra M Curtis
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John J Warren
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Steven M Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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16
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Segovia J, Orellana M, Sarmiento JP, Carchi D. The effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages in Ecuador: An analysis across different income and consumption groups. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240546. [PMID: 33048990 PMCID: PMC7553359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the effects of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Ecuador, this study estimates a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System model using data from the 2011–2012 National Survey of Income and Expenditure for Urban and Rural Households. We derive own- and cross-price elasticities by income quintiles and consumption deciles for five beverages, including two types of sugary drink: (i) milk, (ii) soft drinks, (iii) water, (iv) other sugary drinks, and (v) coffee and tea. Overall, results show that a 20% increase in the price of SSBs will decrease the consumption of soft drinks and other sugary drinks by 27% and 22%, respectively. Heterogeneous consumer behavior is revealed across income and consumption groups, as well as policy-relevant complementarity and substitution patterns. Policy impacts are simulated by considering an 18 cents per liter tax, implemented in Ecuador, and an ad-valorem 20% tax on the price. Estimated tax revenues and weight loss are larger for the latter. From a health perspective, high-income and heavy consumer households would benefit the most from this policy. Our study supports an evidence-based debate on how to correctly design and monitor food policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselin Segovia
- Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Mercy Orellana
- Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Juan Pablo Sarmiento
- Grupo de Investigación en Economía Regional (GIER), Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
| | - Darwin Carchi
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador
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Fernández CR, Chen L, Cheng ER, Charles N, Meyer D, Monk C, Woo Baidal J. Food Insecurity and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption Among WIC-Enrolled Families in the First 1,000 Days. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:796-800. [PMID: 32444189 PMCID: PMC7423699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the association between household food insecurity and habitual sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)-enrolled families during the first 1,000 days. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of pregnant women and mothers of infants aged under 2 years in the WIC was performed. Families recruited sequentially at consecutive visits completed food insecurity and beverage intake questionnaires; estimated logistic regression models controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Of 394 Hispanic/Latino mothers and 281 infants, 63% had household food insecurity. Food insecurity significantly increased odds of habitual maternal (unadjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.39; 95% CI, 1.27-4.47; P = .01) and infant SSB consumption (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.15-3.65; P = .02), and the relationship was not attenuated by maternal age, education, or foreign-born status. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Food insecurity increased odds of habitual SSB consumption in WIC families. Interventions to curb SSB consumption among WIC-enrolled families in the first 1,000 days in the context of household food insecurity are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Fernández
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Erika R Cheng
- Division of Children's Health Services Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nalini Charles
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, New York, NY
| | - Dodi Meyer
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer Woo Baidal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY.
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frequent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with weight gain in women, and pre-pregnancy overweight and excessive gestational weight gain are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. SSB intake information for women of reproductive age (WRA) is limited. We described SSB intake among non-pregnant and pregnant WRA and identified correlates of daily intake. METHODS Using 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, we analyzed SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sweet tea, sports/energy drinks) for 11,321 non-pregnant and 392 pregnant WRA (18-49 years) in 12 states and D.C. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for daily (≥ 1 time/day) SSB intake (reference: < 1 time/day) by characteristics were estimated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 27.3% of non-pregnant and 21.9% of pregnant women reported consuming SSBs ≥ 1 time/day; 12.6% and 9.7%, respectively, consumed SSBs ≥ 2 times/day. Among non-pregnant women, odds of daily SSB intake were higher for women who were non-Hispanic black (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.55-2.69) vs. non-Hispanic white; had ≤ high school education (aOR 2.79, CI 2.26-3.44) or some college (aOR 1.85, CI 1.50-2.27) vs. college graduates; lived in nonmetropolitan counties (aOR 1.35, CI 1.11-1.63) vs. metropolitan; had no physical activity (aOR 1.72, CI 1.43-2.07) vs. some; were former (aOR 1.51, CI 1.17-1.94) or current (aOR 3.48, CI 2.82-4.28) smokers vs. nonsmokers. Among pregnant women, those not married had higher odds (aOR 2.81, CI 1.05-7.51) for daily SSB intake than married women. CONCLUSIONS One in five pregnant women and one in four non-pregnant women of reproductive age consumed SSBs at least once per day. Sociodemographic and behavioral correlates of daily SSB intake were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lundeen
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Stop F77, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Sohyun Park
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Stop F77, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Jennifer A Woo Baidal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W. 168th Street, PH-17, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Andrea J Sharma
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Stop F77, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heidi M Blanck
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (DNPAO), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mail Stop F77, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
- U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, USA
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19
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Schneider S, Mata J, Kadel P. Relations between sweetened beverage consumption and individual, interpersonal, and environmental factors: a 6-year longitudinal study in German children and adolescents. Int J Public Health 2020; 65:559-570. [PMID: 32561963 PMCID: PMC7360664 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-020-01397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to characterize the consumption of sweetened beverages (SB) among young people in Germany in terms of individual and interpersonal-environmental correlates. METHODS A representative sample of children and adolescents from Germany was assessed twice, 6 years apart (total longitudinal sample n = 11,691 children and adolescents aged between 0 and 17 years old; weighted). The relations between individual and interpersonal-environmental factors at baseline with SB intake 6 years later were analysed using bivariate and multivariate methods. RESULTS The majority of children and adolescents in Germany consume sweetened beverages weekly, 23% daily. SB consumption is particularly high in boys and often accompanied by other unhealthy lifestyle behaviours including a high level of tobacco and media consumption with a concurrent deficiency in fruit and vegetable consumption. Interpersonal factors associated with higher sweetened beverage consumption include low socio-economic status, tobacco consumption of parents, and older maternal age. CONCLUSIONS Research on factors that correlate with sweetened beverage consumption is crucial to design effective interventions. Our findings underline the importance of complex, multi-level interventions to target sweetened beverage intake and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Schneider
- Division Head Child and Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jutta Mata
- Health Psychology, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Kadel
- Division Head Child and Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Institute for Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 7-11, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Health Psychology, University of Mannheim, 68161 Mannheim, Germany
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Hadley J, Sablan E. Lessons from the Field: The Traditional Monarch of Kitti in Pohnpei Addresses the High Rates of Non-Communicable Diseases through Local Policy. Hawaii J Health Soc Welf 2020; 79:6-9. [PMID: 32596670 PMCID: PMC7311939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Almost a quarter of Pohnpei's population is overweight or obese, a major factor influencing a 2010 non-communicable diseases (NCD) emergency declaration. The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) project in Pohnpei is implementing a culturally tailored policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) intervention to reduce NCDs through healthy nutrition projects. Through collaboration with traditional leaders and using traditional protocols, REACH succeeded in soliciting formal approval from a Traditional Monarch to serve only healthy beverages during events at all traditional houses in the municipality. The Governor, in turn, also supported this initiative. This project cultivated relationships with traditional and government leaders to implement a culturally appropriate healthy nutrition PSE change intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Hadley
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI (JH, ES)
| | - Evonne Sablan
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, HI (JH, ES)
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Cawley J, Frisvold D, Hill A, Jones D. Oakland's sugar-sweetened beverage tax: Impacts on prices, purchases and consumption by adults and children. Econ Hum Biol 2020; 37:100865. [PMID: 32126505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several cities in the U.S. have implemented taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in an attempt to improve public health and raise revenue. On July 1, 2017, Oakland introduced a tax of one cent per ounce on SSBs. In this paper, we estimate the impact of the tax on retail prices, product availability, purchases, and child and adult consumption of taxed beverages in Oakland, as well as of potential substitute beverages. We collected data from Oakland stores and their customers and a matched group of stores in surrounding counties and their customers. We collected information in the months prior to the implementation of the tax and again a year later on: (1) prices, (2) purchase information from customers exiting the stores, and (3) a follow-up household survey of adults and child beverage purchases and consumption. We use a difference-in-differences identification strategy to estimate the impact of the tax on prices, purchases, and consumption of taxed beverages. We find that roughly 60 percent of the tax was passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices. There was a slight decrease in the volume of SSBs purchased per shopping trip in Oakland and a small increase in purchases at stores outside of the city, resulting in a decrease in purchases of 11.33 ounces per shopping trip that is not statistically significant. We find some evidence of increased shopping by Oakland residents at stores outside of the city. We do not find evidence of substantial changes in the overall consumption of SSBs or of added sugars consumed through beverages for either adults or children after the tax.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cawley
- Cornell University and NBER, Department of Policy Analysis and Management and Department of Economics, 2312 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, New York, 14850, United States.
| | - David Frisvold
- University of Iowa and NBER, Department of Economics, 21 E. Market St., Iowa City, IA, 52240, United States.
| | - Anna Hill
- Mathematica Policy Research, 955 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 801, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
| | - David Jones
- Mathematica Policy Research, 955 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 801, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
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Neuhofer Z, McFadden BR, Rihn A, Wei X, Khachatryan H, House L. Can the updated nutrition facts label decrease sugar-sweetened beverage consumption? Econ Hum Biol 2020; 37:100867. [PMID: 32114326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverages are the primary source of added sugar consumption in the U.S, and the Food and Drug Administration recently updated the Nutrition Facts Label to communicate the amount of added sugars in manufactured food. The changes to the Nutrition Facts Label (NFL) is concurrent with some cities implementing policies that place an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. While sugar-sweetened beverages taxes may be effective at changing quantity demanded, the updated NFL has the potential to shift the demand curve by decreasing friction and mental gaps associated with the communication of nutrition information. We conducted a randomized control trial using eye tracking technology to determine if the updated NFL garnered more visual attention or affected beverage choice. Participants were also exposed to an information intervention to determine if the updated NFL affected choice after receiving information about added sugars. We found that consumers were more visually attentive to nutrition information displayed by the updated NFL; however, viewing the updated label did not affect choice of beverages nor did it improve the effectiveness of the dietary information on subsequent choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Neuhofer
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 403 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Brandon R McFadden
- Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, University of Delaware, 531 S. College Avenue, Rm 224, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Alicia Rihn
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, 2725 S. Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504, United States
| | - Xuan Wei
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, 2725 S. Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504, United States
| | - Hayk Khachatryan
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, 2725 S. Binion Road, Apopka, FL 32703-8504, United States
| | - Lisa House
- Food and Resource Economics Department, University of Florida, P.O. Box 110240, Gainesville, FL 32611-0240, United States
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Yuhas M, Porter KJ, Hedrick V, Zoellner JM. Using a Socioecological Approach to Identify Factors Associated with Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1557-1567. [PMID: 32335044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents are among the highest consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in the United States. More research is needed to understand the relationship of multiple levels of influence on adolescent SSB intake across the socioecological model in a nationally representative sample. OBJECTIVE This secondary analysis of cross-sectional data aims to explain variance in adolescent SSB intake by exploring the associations of adolescent demographic (ie, age, race/ethnicity, and parent socioeconomic status), intrapersonal (ie, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, and media perception), interpersonal (ie, social norms and perceived parenting practices), and home availability variables. DESIGN This study included 1,560 adolescents who participated in the 2014 National Cancer Institute-sponsored cross-sectional Family, Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating study. Descriptive statistics, analyses of variance, and stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to explore factors associated with SSB intake. In the stepwise regression, a 4-step model was analyzed with each subsequent step adding variables from different socioecological model levels. RESULTS The final step that included 14 variables individually associated with SSB intake significantly predicted 16.5% of the variance in SSB intake. Four variables were associated with higher SSB intake in the final step when controlling for all other variables: male sex (β=.066), non-Hispanic black vs non-Hispanic white (β=.123), adolescent's report of having parents allow them to have SSBs on a bad day (β=.150), and home SSB availability (β=.263). Race/ethnicity other than Hispanic and/or non-Hispanic black vs non-Hispanic white was associated with lower intake (β= -.092). CONCLUSIONS When considering potential targets for multilevel behavioral interventions aimed at reducing adolescent SSB intake, emphasis on reducing SSB availability at home may be especially important. Furthermore, although adolescence is a period of increasing independence, parent influence on adolescent's health behaviors may also be a key intervention target. Home and parental SSB factors may be more important than targeting intrapersonal factors and social norms among adolescents.
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Petrauskienė S, Narbutaitė J, Petrauskienė A, Virtanen JI. Oral health behaviour, attitude towards, and knowledge of dental caries among mothers of 0- to 3-year-old children living in Kaunas, Lithuania. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:215-224. [PMID: 32250563 PMCID: PMC7133724 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the oral health behaviours of mothers with young children and their attitudes towards dental caries. METHODS The survey targeted all mothers with children under 3 years attending a primary healthcare centre (Department of Family Medicine at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences [LSMU] Hospital) in Kaunas, Lithuania. The Bioethics Centre of the LSMU approved the study (No. BEC-OF-14). Of 176 mothers, 123 (69.9%) took part in the 2016-2017 study. The self-administered questionnaire enquired about mothers' attitudes towards oral health and behaviours related to the potential transmission of oral bacteria to their children, dietary habits, tooth brushing, smoking, and background factors. The chi-squared test and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses served for the statistical analysis. (p values ≤ .05 indicated statistically significant differences). RESULTS Most (76; 68.5%) of the mothers brushed their teeth twice daily, and 97 (87.4%) reported themselves as nonsmokers. We found a statistically significant association between mothers who brushed their own teeth twice daily and those who cleaned their children's teeth likewise (OR = 5.42, 95% CI [1.28-6.63]; p = .005). We observed significant associations among mothers who gave their children sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) daily and the mothers' college or lower education (OR = 6.51, 95% CI [1.59-27.19]; p = .01) and maternal tooth brushing less than twice daily (OR = 3.88, 95% CI [0.99-15.18]; p = .05). CONCLUSIONS A majority of mothers who took part in this survey did not brush their children's teeth as recommended. Mothers with a lower education and who brushed their teeth less than twice daily offered their children SSBs more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrauskienė
- Clinic for Preventive and Paediatric DentistryLithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunasLithuania
| | - Julija Narbutaitė
- Clinic for Preventive and Paediatric DentistryLithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunasLithuania
| | - Aušra Petrauskienė
- Department of Preventive MedicineLithuanian University of Health SciencesKaunasLithuania
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Department of Clinical DentistryUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
- Medical Research CenterOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
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Spaniol AM, da Costa THM, Bortolini GA, Gubert MB. Breastfeeding reduces ultra-processed foods and sweetened beverages consumption among children under two years old. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:330. [PMID: 32171266 PMCID: PMC7071637 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding are associated with healthy eating habits, prevention of nutritional deficiencies, obesity and non-communicable diseases. Our aim was to identify feeding practices and to evaluate the association between breastmilk intake and complementary feeding, focusing on ultra-processed foods (UPF) and sweetened beverages, among children under 2 years old. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 847 children from 20 Primary Health Units. We evaluated children's food consumption using a food intake markers questionnaire. We conducted a logistic regression to evaluate the effect of breastmilk intake on feeding practices. RESULTS The breastmilk intake was associated with lower odds of consuming non-recommended foods, such as cookies or crackers (OR: 0.29; IC 95%: 0.20-0.41) for children under 6 months, yogurt (OR: 0.33; CI 95%: 0.12-0.88) for children between 6 and 12 months and soft drinks (OR: 0.36; CI 95%: 0.17-0.75) for children between 12 and 24 months. Moreover, the breastmilk intake was associated with lower odds of consuming UPF (OR: 0.26; CI 95%: 0.09-0.74) and sweetened beverages (OR: 0.13; CI 95%: 0.05-0.33) for children under 6 months. For children between 12 and 24 months, breastmilk intake was associated with lower odds of consuming sweetened beverages (OR: 0.40; CI 95%: 0.24-0.65). CONCLUSION Breastmilk intake was associated with a reduced consumption of UPF and sweetened beverages. Investment in actions to scale up breastfeeding can generate benefits, besides those of breastmilk itself, translating into better feeding habits and preventing health problems in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Spaniol
- Postgraduate Program in Human Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition – NESNUT, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Ane Bortolini
- General Coordination of Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Federal District Brazil
| | - Muriel Bauermann Gubert
- Department of Nutrition, Center for Epidemiological Studies in Health and Nutrition – NESNUT, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District Brazil
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Boelsen-Robinson T, Orellana L, Backholer K, Kurzeme A, Jerebine A, Gilham B, Chung A, Peeters A. Change in drink purchases in 16 Australian recreation centres following a sugar-sweetened beverage reduction initiative: an observational study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e029492. [PMID: 32139479 PMCID: PMC7059533 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) reduction initiative on customer purchasing patterns, including volume sales of healthy and unhealthy packaged drinks and sales value of all packaged drinks, in a major Australian aquatic and recreation provider, YMCA Victoria. DESIGN Prospective SETTING: 16 aquatic and recreation centres in Victoria, Australia. INTERVENTIONS The SSB-reduction initiative aimed to remove all SSBs (excluding sports drinks) and increase healthier drink availability over a 1-year period. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Itemised monthly drink sales data were collected for 16 centres, over 4 years (2 years preimplementation, 1 year implementation and 1 year postimplementation). Drinks were classified as 'green' (best choice), 'amber' (choose carefully) or 'red' (limit). Interrupted time series analysis was conducted for each centre to determine the impact on volume sales of 'red' and 'green' drinks, and overall sales value. A novel meta-analysis approach was conducted to estimate the mean changes across centres. RESULTS Following implementation, volume sales of 'red' drinks reduced by 46.2% across centres (95% CI: -53.2% to -39.2%), 'green' drink volume did not change (0.0%, 95% CI: -13.3% to 13.2%) and total drink sales value decreased by 24.3% (95% CI: -32.0% to -16.6%). CONCLUSIONS The reduction of SSBs in health-promoting settings such as recreation centres is a feasible, effective public health policy that is likely to be transferable to other high-income countries with similarly unhealthy beverage offerings. However, complementary strategies should be considered to encourage customers to switch to healthier alternatives, particularly when translating policies to organisations with less flexible income streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Boelsen-Robinson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Backholer
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Beth Gilham
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexandra Chung
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Peeters
- Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Lin TT, Guo YL, Gordon C, Cayanan E, Chen YC, Ouyang CM, Shiao JSC. Association Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption as Meal Substitutes, Workload, and Obesity in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16244984. [PMID: 31817898 PMCID: PMC6949918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: High occupational stress has been associated with altered eating behaviors and obesity. Occupational stress is reported to be high in Asian countries. Furthermore, many Asian countries are increasingly consuming Western-type foods (e.g., incorporating drinks with meals) which collectively may also be contributing to obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine (a) associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as meal replacement and obesity and (b) associations between workload and substituting meals with SSB in nurses. Methods: A representative sample of 854 hospital-based nurses completed a structured questionnaire about SSB consumption, workload, and body mass index (BMI). Log binomial regression models were employed to test associations between SSBs and obesity rates and associations between workload and SSBs. Results: Most participants (57.6%) consumed SSBs as meal replacements during work. This was related to high workloads during shifts. Substituting SSBs for meals was significantly associated with increased likelihood of obesity (aPRR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.1, 1.7)). Workload was positively associated with SSB intake as meal substitutes (aPRR = 1.4, 95% CI (1.2, 1.6)). Conclusions: Our findings show that SSBs are used as meal substitutes and is due to the workload demands. Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is also positively associated with the increased likelihood of obesity. Interventions that modify workloads and decrease SSB consumption may improve workers’ eating behaviors and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ti Lin
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, 161, Sec. 6, Minquan E Road., Neihu Dist., Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - Christopher Gordon
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 88 Mallett St., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (C.G.); (E.C.)
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cayanan
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, 88 Mallett St., Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (C.G.); (E.C.)
- CIRUS Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia
| | - Yi-Chuan Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Mei Ouyang
- Department of Nutrition, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, 25., Ln. 422, Sec. 1, Jingguo Rd., HsinChu City 33059, Taiwan;
| | - Judith Shu-Chu Shiao
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Rd., Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-223123456; Fax: +886-223933391
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Pedraza LS, Popkin BM, Batis C, Adair L, Robinson WR, Guilkey DK, Taillie LS. The caloric and sugar content of beverages purchased at different store-types changed after the sugary drinks taxation in Mexico. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:103. [PMID: 31718664 PMCID: PMC6849184 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the 2014 sugary drinks tax implementation in Mexico, promising reduction in the volume of purchases of taxed beverages were observed overall and at different store-types. However, the tax's effects on purchasing patterns of calories and sugar remain unclear. METHODS Using longitudinal data from Mexican households (n = 7038), we examined changes in volume, calories and total sugar of packaged beverages purchased from 2012 to 2016 overall and by store-type. We used fixed effects models to estimate means for volume, calories, and sugar of households. To address the potential selectivity from households shopping at different stores, we calculated inverse probability weights to model the purchases changes over time by store-type. RESULTS For taxed beverages, the volume of purchases declined by - 49 ml and -30 ml in the first year and second year post tax (2014 and 2015, respectively), while purchases leveled off in the third year of the tax (2016). Calories and sugar from taxed beverage purchases decreased over time, with the majority of the declines occurring in the first two years post-tax implementation. The volume of untaxed beverage purchases increased, whereas changes in calories and total sugar of untaxed beverages were minimal. Store level purchases of taxed beverages significantly decreased in the first two years post taxation (2014 and to 2015) only in supermarkets and traditional stores. The steepest declines in purchases of taxed beverages in 2014 were observed at supermarkets (- 40 ml or - 45%). The volume of purchases of untaxed beverages increased over time in almost all store-types, while calories and sugar minimally decreased over time. CONCLUSION Although the Mexican tax on SSBs has lowered the purchases of sugary drinks 3 years after the tax implementation, the tax should be strengthened and store-specific interventions should be implemented to further reduce SSBs purchases in the Mexican population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia S. Pedraza
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 2107 Carolina Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 USA
| | - Barry M. Popkin
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 2107 Carolina Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 USA
| | - Carolina Batis
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Linda Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 2107 Carolina Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 USA
| | - Whitney R. Robinson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - David K. Guilkey
- Economics Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB # 2107 Carolina Square, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997 USA
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Pacheco LS, Anderson CAM, Lacey JV, Giovannucci EL, Lemus H, Araneta MRG, Sears DD, Talavera GA, Martinez ME. Sugar-sweetened beverages and colorectal cancer risk in the California Teachers Study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223638. [PMID: 31596902 PMCID: PMC6785057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk remains unclear and published data are limited. METHODS The analytic cohort included 99,798 women, free of cancer at baseline, from the California Teachers Study, a longitudinal cohort comprised of 133,477 female teachers and administrators who were active or recently retired members of the California State Teachers Retirement System in 1995. SSB consumption constituted caloric soft drinks, sweetened bottled waters and teas, and fruit drinks, derived from a self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Consumption was divided into four categories: Rare or never, >rare/never to <1 serving/week, ≥1 serving/week to <1 serving/day, and ≥1 serving/day. CRC endpoints were based on annual linkage with California Cancer Registry, defined as first diagnosis of CRC, and classified following the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program coding system. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to generate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for assessing the association between SSB consumption and incident CRC. RESULTS A total of 1,318 incident CRC cases were identified over 20 years of follow-up (54.5% proximal colon and 45.5% distal colorectum). Compared with rare/never consumers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.14 (0.86, 1.53) for total CRC; 1.11 (0.73, 1.68) for proximal colon; and 1.22 (0.80, 1.86) for distal colorectum cancers among women consuming ≥ 1 serving/day of SSBs. CONCLUSION SSBs were not significantly associated with CRC risk. The biological effects of high SSB consumption make it important to continue to evaluate whether SSBs are associated with CRC. Additionally, future studies should further assess SSBs in large, racial/ethnically diverse cohorts of males and females, and, if feasible, address changes in SSB consumption over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Pacheco
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. M. Anderson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James V. Lacey
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, California, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hector Lemus
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Rosario G. Araneta
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- College of Health Solution, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Maria Elena Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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den Biggelaar LJCJ, Sep SJS, Mari A, Ferrannini E, van Dongen MCJM, Wijckmans NEG, Schram MT, van der Kallen CJ, Schaper N, Henry RMA, van Greevenbroek MM, Stehouwer CDA, Eussen SJPM. Association of artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened soft drinks with β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and type 2 diabetes: the Maastricht Study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1717-1727. [PMID: 31486878 PMCID: PMC7230048 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened beverage consumptions have both been reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) risk. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential underlying associations with dynamic pancreatic β-cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity. Methods We evaluated cross-sectional associations in 2240 individuals (mean ± SD age 59.6 ± 8.18, 49.4% male, 21.9% T2D) participating in a diabetes-enriched population-based cohort. Artificially sweetened and sugar-sweetened soft drinks and juice consumption were assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. Glucose metabolism status, insulin sensitivity, and BCF were measured by a seven-point oral glucose tolerance test. Regression analyses were performed to assess associations of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with measures of glucose homeostasis. Associations were adjusted for potential confounders, and additionally with and without total energy intake and BMI, as these variables could be mediators. Results Moderate consumption of artificially sweetened soft drink was associated with lower β-cell glucose sensitivity [standardized beta (95% CI), − 0.06 (− 0.11, − 0.02)], total insulin secretion [β − 0.06 (− 0.10, − 0.02)], and with lower β-cell rate sensitivity [odds ratio (95% CI), 1.29 (1.03, 1.62)] compared to abstainers. Daily artificially sweetened soft drink consumption was associated with lower β-cell glucose sensitivity [β − 0.05 (− 0.09, 0.00)], and total insulin secretion [β − 0.05 − 0.09, − 0.01)] compared to abstainers. Conclusions Moderate and daily consumption of artificially sweetened soft drinks was associated with lower BCF, but not with insulin sensitivity. No evidence was found for associations of sugar-sweetened soft drink and juice consumption with BCF or insulin sensitivity in this middle-aged population. Prospective studies are warranted to further investigate the associations of artificially and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with non-fasting insulin sensitivity and multiple BCF aspects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02026-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J C J den Biggelaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone J S Sep
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Mari
- C N R Institute of Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Martien C J M van Dongen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole E G Wijckmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda T Schram
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J van der Kallen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas Schaper
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M van Greevenbroek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J P M Eussen
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kalam F, Kroeger CM, Trepanowski JF, Gabel K, Song JH, Cienfuegos S, Varady KA. Beverage intake during alternate-day fasting: Relationship to energy intake and body weight. Nutr Health 2019; 25:167-171. [PMID: 30983506 PMCID: PMC7183821 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019841452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternate-day fasting (ADF) involves a 'famine day' (25% energy intake) and a 'feast day' (ad libitum intake). This secondary analysis examined changes in beverage intake in relation to energy intake and body weight during 12 months of ADF versus daily calorie restriction (CR). METHODS Obese subjects (n = 100 enrolled, n = 69 completers) were randomized to one of three groups for 12 months: (a) ADF; (b) CR; or (c) control. RESULTS At baseline, intakes of diet soda, caffeinated beverages, sugar-sweetened soda, alcohol, juice, and milk were similar between groups. There were no statistically significant changes in the intake of these beverages by month 6 or 12 between ADF (feast or famine day), CR, or control groups. Beverage intake was not related to energy intake or body weight at month 6 or 12 in any group. CONCLUSION These pilot findings suggest that intermittent fasting does not impact beverage intake in a way that affects energy intake or body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Kalam
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - John F Trepanowski
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jee Hee Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
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Muhammad A, Meade B, Marquardt DR, Mozaffarian D. Global patterns in price elasticities of sugar-sweetened beverage intake and potential effectiveness of tax policy: a cross-sectional study of 164 countries by sex, age and global-income decile. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026390. [PMID: 31399449 PMCID: PMC6701823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify global relationships between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake and prices and examine the potential effectiveness of tax policy. DESIGN SSB intake data by country, age and sex from the Global Dietary Database were combined with gross domestic product and price data from the World Bank. Intake responsiveness to income and prices was estimated accounting for national income, age and sex differences. SETTING 164 countries. POPULATION Full adult population in each country. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES A consumer demand modelling framework was used to estimate the relationship between SSB intake and prices and derive own-price elasticities (measures of percentage changes in intake from a 1% price change) globally by age and sex. We simulated how a 20% tax would impact SSB intake globally. Tax policy outcomes were examined across countries by global income decile for representative age and sex subgroups. RESULTS Own-price responsiveness was highest in lowest income countries, ranging from -0.70 (p<0.100) for women, age 50, to -1.91 (p<0.001) for men, age 80. In the highest income countries, responsiveness was as high as -0.49 (p<0.001) (men, age 20), but was mostly insignificant for older adults. Overall, elasticities were strongest (more negative) at the youngest and oldest age groups, and mostly insignificant for middle-aged adults, particularly in middle-income and high-income countries. Sex differences were mostly negligible. Potential intake reductions from a 20% tax in lowest income countries ranged from 14.5% (95% CI: 29.5%, -0.4%) in women, 35 ≤ age < 60, to 24.9% (44.4%, 5.3%) in men, age ≥60. Intake reductions decreased with country income overall, and were mostly insignificant for middle-aged adults. CONCLUSIONS These findings estimate the global price-responsiveness of SSB intake by age and sex, informing ongoing policy discussions on potential effects of taxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Muhammad
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Birgit Meade
- USDA Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Varsamis P, Formosa MF, Larsen RN, Reddy-Luthmoodoo M, Jennings GL, Cohen ND, Grace M, Hawley JA, Devlin BL, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Kingwell BA. Between-meal sucrose-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glycaemia and lipid metabolism during prolonged sitting: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1536-1543. [PMID: 30217471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with unfavourable health effects, including promotion of obesity. However, the acute effects of consuming SSBs on glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be characterized in a real-world, post-prandial context of prolonged sitting. We quantified the acute effects of between-meal SSB consumption compared with water, on glucose and lipid metabolism in habitual soft drink consumers during prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-eight overweight or obese young adults [15 males; 23 ± 3 (mean ± SD) years, body mass index (BMI) 31.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) participated. During uninterrupted sitting and following standardized breakfast and lunch meals, each participant completed two 7-h conditions on separate days in a randomized, crossover design study. For each condition, participants consumed either a sucrose SSB or water mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Peak responses and total area under the curve (tAUC) over 7 h for blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were quantified and compared. RESULTS Compared to water, SSB consumption significantly increased the peak responses for blood glucose (20 ± 4% (mean ± SEM)), insulin (43 ± 15%) and C-peptide (21 ± 6%) concentrations. The tAUC for all these parameters was also increased by SSB consumption. The tAUC for triglycerides was 15 ± 5% lower after SSBs and this was driven by males (P < 0.05), as females showed no difference between conditions. The tAUC for NEFAs was 13 ± 5% lower after the SSB condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Between-meal SSB consumption significantly elevated plasma glucose responses, associated with a sustained elevation in plasma insulin throughout a day of prolonged sitting. The SSB-induced reduction in circulating triglycerides and NEFAs indicates significant modulation of lipid metabolism, particularly in males. These metabolic effects may contribute to the development of metabolic disease when SSB consumption is habitual and co-occurring with prolonged sitting. Clinical Trial Registry number: ACTRN12616000840482, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12616000840482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Varsamis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Garry L Jennings
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan Grace
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chi DL, Coldwell SE, Mancl L, Hopkins S, Senturia K, Randall CL, Orr E, Cruz S. Alaska Native Children Do Not Prefer Sugar-Sweetened Fruit Drinks to Sugar-Free Fruit Drinks. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:984-990. [PMID: 30987919 PMCID: PMC6536342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alaska Native children, including children of Yup'ik descent, consume large volumes of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, which contain added sugars that contribute to obesity, diabetes, and dental caries. To date, taste preference evaluations have not been conducted on commercially available sugar-free fruit drinks. OBJECTIVE The study tested the hypothesis that children would have equal preference for sugar-free and sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. DESIGN This was an experimental two-alternative forced-choice paired preference test. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING The study focused on a convenience sample of Yup'ik children, aged 7 to 10 years, recruited and enrolled from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation dental clinic in Bethel, AK (N=89). INTERVENTION Children evaluated four different commercially available sugar-free fruit drinks paired with the sugar-sweetened versions of each flavor. Order of flavor pair presentation was alternated across children, and order of presentation within each of the four pairs was randomized across pairs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome was taste preference for the sugar-free versus the sugar-sweetened version of a fruit drink. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED A test of equivalence was run across all four flavors and separately for each flavor using two one-sided tests. RESULTS The data failed to demonstrate equivalence of the sugar-free and sugar-sweetened fruit drinks across all four flavors (P=0.51) or separately for each flavor. However, this was not because of a preference for sugar-sweetened drinks. The preference for sugar-free drinks overall and for each flavor was >50%. Although the lower bounds of the 90% CIs were within the range of equivalence (40% to 60%), the upper bounds were outside the range of equivalence (>60%). According to post hoc analyses, similar preferences were observed for Yup'ik and non-Yup'ik children, boys and girls, and children of different ages. CONCLUSIONS Taste preference findings suggest that sugar-free fruit drinks may be a well-tolerated alternative to sugar-sweetened fruit drinks for Yup'ik children in Alaska Native communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. Chi
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Susan E. Coldwell
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Lloyd Mancl
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Scarlett Hopkins
- Oregon Health Sciences University, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Phone: 503 494-8311; Fax: 206-685-4258; scarlett.
| | - Kirsten Senturia
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Cameron L. Randall
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Eliza Orr
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Center for Alaska Native Health Research, 216B Arctic Health Research Bldg, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA; Phone: 907-474-5172; Fax: 206-685-4258;
| | - Stephanie Cruz
- University of Washington, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phone: 206-616-4332; Fax: 206-685-4258;
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Gamba RJ, Leung CW, Petito L, Abrams B, Laraia BA. Sugar sweetened beverage consumption during pregnancy is associated with lower diet quality and greater total energy intake. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215686. [PMID: 31022225 PMCID: PMC6483237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify the socio-economic correlates of sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among pregnant women and analyze to what extent SSB consumption is associated with diet quality and total energy intake. Additionally, we aim to predict how diet quality scores and totally energy intakes would change if SSB consumption was artificially set to 0. DESIGN Repeated Cross Sectional Study. SETTING United States. SUBJECTS SSB consumption was estimated from 1-2 24-hour dietary recalls from 1,154 pregnant women who participated in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Linear regression models were used to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with SSB consumption and to assess the associations between SSB consumption and diet quality and total energy intake. Diet quality was measured with the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). RESULTS The mean SSB intake was 1.3 servings per day (sd 1.5). Having a household income ≤100% of the Federal Poverty Level, being born in the United States, and not being married or living with a partner were positively associated with SSB consumption. Every 12 oz. of SSBs consumed was associated with a 2.3 lower AHEI-P score (95% CI: 1.6, 2.9) and the consumption of 124 more calories (95% CI: 85, 163), after adjusting for age, country of birth, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, household income, survey year and day/s of the week the recall/s were collected. Our predictive models indicated that average AHEI-P would be 6.4 (5.4, 7.6) higher and average total energy intakes would be 203.5 calories (122.2, 284.8) lower if SSB intake was set to 0. CONCLUSIONS SSB consumption is associated with poorer diet quality and higher total energy intake among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Gamba
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Cindy W. Leung
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Lucia Petito
- Division of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Barbara Abrams
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Laraia
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Marshall TA, Curtis AM, Cavanaugh JE, Warren JJ, Levy SM. Child and Adolescent Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intakes Are Longitudinally Associated with Higher Body Mass Index z Scores in a Birth Cohort Followed 17 Years. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:425-434. [PMID: 30638821 PMCID: PMC6389369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are considered a risk factor for obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to investigate associations between the predictors of beverage and energy intakes and mean adequacy ratios (MARs), and the outcome of body mass index (BMI) z scores, in a birth cohort using longitudinal models. DESIGN This was a longitudinal analysis of secondary data. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants in the Iowa Fluoride and Iowa Bone Development Studies with two beverage intake questionnaires completed between ages 2 and 4.7 years or 5 and 8.5 years or one questionnaire between ages 9 and 10.5, 11 and 12.5, 13 and 14.5, or 15 and 17 years (n=720); two food and beverage diaries completed between ages 2 and 4.7 years or 5 and 8.5 years or completion of the Block's Kids' Food Frequency Questionnaires at age 11, 13, 15, or 17 years (n=623); and anthropometric measures at the corresponding age 5-, 9-, 11-, 13-, 15-, or 17-year examination(s). PREDICTORS Mean daily 100% juice, milk, SSB, water/sugar-free beverage, and energy intakes and MARs averaged over ages 2 to 4.7, 5 to 8.5, 9 to 10.5, 11 to 12.5, 13 to 14.5, or 15 to 17 years were predictors. OUTCOME BMI z score was the outcome. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Linear mixed models were fit for each beverage, energy, and MAR variable, with the beverage, energy, or MAR variable as the predictor and BMI z score as the outcome. Beverage models were adjusted for energy and MAR and baseline socioeconomic status. RESULTS SSB intake adjusted for energy intake, MAR, and baseline socioeconomic status was associated with BMI z score; each additional 8 oz SSB consumed/day throughout childhood and adolescence increased the BMI z score an average 0.050 units (95% CI 0.022 to 0.079; P=0.001). Adjusted water/sugar-free beverage intake (0.026 units; 95% CI 0.006 to 0.046; P=0.013) was modestly associated with BMI z score, while 100% juice (-0.001 units; 95% CI -0.059 to 0.057; P=0.97) and milk (0.022 units; 95% CI -0.007 to 0.052; P=0.13) intakes were not associated with BMI z scores. CONCLUSIONS Higher SSB intakes were associated with increased BMI z scores throughout childhood and adolescence in Iowa Fluoride Study participants. Public health initiatives targeting SSB consumption during childhood and adolescence remain relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A. Marshall
- Department of Preventive & CommunityDentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; . 319-335-7190
| | - Alexandra M. Curtis
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; ; 319-335-7186
| | - Joseph E. Cavanaugh
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; ; 319-384-1602
| | - John J. Warren
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA; ; 319-335-7205
| | - Steven M. Levy
- Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. . 319-335-7185
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Wright KM, Dono J, Brownbill AL, Pearson Nee Gibson O, Bowden J, Wycherley TP, Keech W, O'Dea K, Roder D, Avery JC, Miller CL. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, correlates and interventions among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023630. [PMID: 30819702 PMCID: PMC6398687 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is reported to be disproportionally high compared with the general Australian population. This review aimed to scope the literature documenting SSB consumption and interventions to reduce SSB consumption among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Findings will inform strategies to address SSB consumption in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. METHODS PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Informit, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP, Mura databases and grey literature were searched for articles published between January 1980 and June 2018. Studies were included if providing data specific to an Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander population's SSB consumption or an intervention that focused on reducing SSB consumption in this population. DESIGN Systematic scoping review. RESULTS 59 articles were included (1846 screened). While reported SSB consumption was high, there were age-related and community-related differences observed in some studies. Most studies were conducted in remote or rural settings. Implementation of nutrition interventions that included an SSB component has built progressively in remote communities since the 1980s with a growing focus on community-driven, culturally sensitive approaches. More recent studies have focused exclusively on SSB consumption. Key SSB-related intervention elements included incentivising healthier options; reducing availability of less-healthy options; nutrition education; multifaceted or policy implementation (store nutrition or government policy). CONCLUSIONS There was a relatively large number of studies reporting data on SSB consumption and/or sales, predominantly from remote and rural settings. During analysis it was subjectively clear that the more impactful studies were those which were community driven or involved extensive community consultation and collaboration. Extracting additional SSB-specific consumption data from an existing nationally representative survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people could provide detailed information for demographic subgroups and benchmarks for future interventions. It is recommended that a consistent, culturally appropriate, set of consumption measures be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Wright
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Dono
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Aimee L Brownbill
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Odette Pearson Nee Gibson
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Bowden
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas P Wycherley
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Keech
- Wardliparingga Aboriginal Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health Translation SA, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kerin O'Dea
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Roder
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jodie C Avery
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline L Miller
- Population Health Research Group, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Gesualdo N, Yanovitzky I. Advertising Susceptibility and Youth Preference for and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: Findings from a National Survey. J Nutr Educ Behav 2019; 51:16-22. [PMID: 30635104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated variables that may mediate the relationship between advertising susceptibility and adolescent preference for and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), with the goal of informing inoculation-based mitigation approaches grounded in media literacy and messaging resistance. DESIGN The study utilized data from a nationally representative sample of US adolescents (ages 12-17 years, n = 1,657) from the National Cancer Institute's Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Variables of interest were SSB preference and consumption, advertising susceptibility, perceived self-efficacy to make good nutritional choices, perceived SSB consumption by peers, and attitude toward SSBs. Exposure to obesogenic environments was examined as a moderator. ANALYSIS Direct and mediated associations between advertising susceptibility and SSB preference were estimated through a series of regression and mediation analyses. RESULTS Advertising susceptibility was a strong predictor of SSB preference (unstandardized B = .29, SE = .026, P < .001), which, in turn, was a strong predictor of consumption (unstandardized B = .10, SE = .01, P < .001), controlling for potential mediators. The only statistically significant mediator of this association was perceived peer consumption (unstandardized B = .38, SE = .08, P < .001), which was stronger for adolescents with higher exposure to obesogenic environments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study offers developers of inoculation-based strategies additional insight into levers that could be targeted for building adolescent resistance to advertising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gesualdo
- School of Communication and Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ.
| | - Itzhak Yanovitzky
- School of Communication and Information, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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Charvet A, Huffman FG. Beverage Intake and Its Effect on Body Weight Status among WIC Preschool-Age Children. J Obes 2019; 2019:3032457. [PMID: 30800480 PMCID: PMC6360070 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3032457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the prevalence and consequences of childhood obesity, efforts are being made to identify risk factors and design evidence-based interventions to reduce its impact. Food and beverage consumption habits are established early in life, making preschool-age children an important group to focus on. This cross-sectional study explored beverage intake and its association with body weight status among low-income preschool-age children enrolled in the Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Authorized representatives for children between the ages of 3 and 4.9 years were interviewed at WIC clinics in Broward County, Florida. Anthropometric data were collected from the WIC data system. The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), particularly fruit drinks, was significantly higher in overweight/obese children when compared with their under/normal weight counterparts. Independent of body weight status, the preschool-age children were consuming on average over twice as much as the recommended intake of 100% fruit juice per day for that age group. Close to 80% of the overweight/obese children consumed low-fat or fat-free milk most often than any other type of milk. The intake of SSB was positively correlated with both the intakes of 100% fruit juice and milk, and negatively correlated with the intake of water. When body weight status, race/ethnicity, and intake of other beverages were held constant, SSB intake was positively associated with milk intake and negatively associated with water intake. Results from this study support the need to encourage water intake and discourage SSB intake in an effort to reduce the risk for overweight and obesity in WIC-participating preschool-age children. Emphasizing the need to follow the recommendation to limit 100% fruit juice intake to 4 to 6 oz. per day is important when counseling families with young children. Efforts to increase awareness of the health consequences associated with consuming high-fat milk should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Charvet
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami 33199, USA
| | - Fatma G. Huffman
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami 33199, USA
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