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Herzler M, Marx-Stoelting P, Pirow R, Riebeling C, Luch A, Tralau T, Schwerdtle T, Hensel A. The "EU chemicals strategy for sustainability" questions regulatory toxicology as we know it: is it all rooted in sound scientific evidence? Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:2589-2601. [PMID: 34156488 PMCID: PMC8218290 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Herzler
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Ralph Pirow
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hensel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Hackethal C, Kopp JF, Sarvan I, Schwerdtle T, Lindtner O. Total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic species in foods of the first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study). Food Chem 2021; 346:128913. [PMID: 33418406 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic can occur in foods as inorganic and organic forms. Inorganic arsenic is more toxic than most water-soluble organic arsenic compounds such as arsenobetaine, which is presumed to be harmless for humans. Within the first German total diet study, total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinic acid and monomethylarsonic acid were analyzed in various foods. Highest levels of total arsenic were found in fish, fish products and seafood (mean: 1.43 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.15 mg kg-1), with arsenobetaine confirmed as the predominant arsenic species (1.233 mg kg-1; n = 39; min-max: 0.01-6.23 mg kg-1). In contrast, inorganic arsenic was determined as prevalent arsenic species in terrestrial foods (0.02 mg kg-1; n = 38; min-max: 0-0.11 mg kg-1). However, the toxicity of arsenic species varies and measurements are necessary to gain information about the composition and changes of arsenic species in foods due to household processing of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Hackethal
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Irmela Sarvan
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science (IEW), University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
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Sandgruber F, Gielsdorf A, Baur AC, Schenz B, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Stangl GI, Griehl C, Lorkowski S, Dawczynski C. Variability in Macro- and Micronutrients of 15 Commercially Available Microalgae Powders. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060310. [PMID: 34071995 PMCID: PMC8228358 DOI: 10.3390/md19060310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrient composition of 15 commercially available microalgae powders of Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, Haematococcus pluvialis, Tetraselmis chuii, and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was analyzed. The Dunaliella salina powders were characterized by a high content of carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6-PUFAs), heavy metals, and α-tocopherol, whereas the protein amounts, essential amino acids (EAAs), omega-3-PUFAs (n3-PUFAs), vitamins, and minerals were low. In the powder of Haematococcus pluvialis, ten times higher amounts of carotenoids compared to all other analyzed powders were determined, yet it was low in vitamins D and E, protein, and EAAs, and the n6/n3-PUFAs ratio was comparably high. Vitamin B12, quantified as cobalamin, was below 0.02 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.) in all studied powders. Based on our analysis, microalgae such as Aphanizomenon and Chlorella may contribute to an adequate intake of critical nutrients such as protein with a high content of EAAs, dietary fibers, n3-PUFAs, Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn, as well as vitamin D and E. Yet, the nutritional value of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was slightly decreased by high contents of SFAs. The present data show that microalgae are rich in valuable nutrients, but the macro- and micronutrient profiles differ strongly between and within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Sandgruber
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Annekathrin Gielsdorf
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Anja C. Baur
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Schenz
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sandra Marie Müller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (S.M.M.); (T.S.)
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 11, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Carola Griehl
- Competence Center Algal Biotechnology, Anhalt University of Applied Science, Bernburger Straße 55, 06366 Köthen, Germany; (A.G.); (C.G.)
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Junior Research Group Nutritional Concepts, Institute of Nutritional Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 29, 07743 Jena, Germany; (F.S.); (B.S.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Jena-Halle-Leipzig, Dornburger Str. 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (G.I.S.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(3641)-9-49656
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Rausch AK, Brockmeyer R, Schwerdtle T. Development, validation, and application of a multi-method for the determination of mycotoxins, plant growth regulators, tropane alkaloids, and pesticides in cereals by two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3041-3054. [PMID: 33713146 PMCID: PMC8044062 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins and pesticides regularly co-occur in agricultural products worldwide. Thus, humans can be exposed to both toxic contaminants and pesticides simultaneously, and multi-methods assessing the occurrence of various food contaminants and residues in a single method are necessary. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of 40 (modified) mycotoxins, two plant growth regulators, two tropane alkaloids, and 334 pesticides in cereals was developed. After an acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79:20:1, v/v/v) multi-analyte extraction procedure, extracts were injected into the two-dimensional setup, and an online clean-up was performed. The method was validated according to Commission Decision (EC) no. 657/2002 and document N° SANTE/12682/2019. Good linearity (R2 > 0.96), recovery data between 70-120%, repeatability and reproducibility values < 20%, and expanded measurement uncertainties < 50% were obtained for a wide range of analytes, including very polar substances like deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside and methamidophos. However, results for fumonisins, zearalenone-14,16-disulfate, acid-labile pesticides, and carbamates were unsatisfying. Limits of quantification meeting maximum (residue) limits were achieved for most analytes. Matrix effects varied highly (-85 to +1574%) and were mainly observed for analytes eluting in the first dimension and early-eluting analytes in the second dimension. The application of the method demonstrated the co-occurrence of different types of cereals with 28 toxins and pesticides. Overall, 86% of the samples showed positive findings with at least one mycotoxin, plant growth regulator, or pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Rausch
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Eurofins SOFIA GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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Witt B, Stiboller M, Raschke S, Friese S, Ebert F, Schwerdtle T. Characterizing effects of excess copper levels in a human astrocytic cell line with focus on oxidative stress markers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126711. [PMID: 33486291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being an essential trace element, copper is involved in diverse physiological processes. However, excess levels might lead to adverse effects. Disrupted copper homeostasis, particularly in the brain, has been associated with human diseases including the neurodegenerative disorders Wilson and Alzheimer's disease. In this context, astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of the copper homeostasis in the brain and likely in the prevention against neuronal toxicity, consequently pointing them out as a potential target for the neurotoxicity of copper. Major toxic mechanisms are discussed to be directed against mitochondria probably via oxidative stress. However, the toxic potential and mode of action of copper in astrocytes is poorly understood, so far. METHODS In this study, excess copper levels affecting human astrocytic cell model and their involvement in the neurotoxic mode of action of copper, as well as, effects on the homeostasis of other trace elements (Mn, Fe, Ca and Mg) were investigated. RESULTS Copper induced substantial cytotoxic effects in the human astrocytic cell line following 48 h incubation (EC30: 250 μM) and affected mitochondrial function, as observed via reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased ROS production, likely originating from mitochondria. Moreover, cellular GSH metabolism was altered as well. Interestingly, not only cellular copper levels were affected, but also the homeostasis of other elements (Ca, Fe and Mn) were disrupted. CONCLUSION One potential toxic mode of action of copper seems to be effects on the mitochondria along with induction of oxidative stress in the human astrocytic cell model. Moreover, excess copper levels seem to interact with the homeostasis of other essential elements such as Ca, Fe and Mn. Disrupted element homeostasis might also contribute to the induction of oxidative stress, likely involved in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. These insights in the toxic mechanisms will help to develop ideas and approaches for therapeutic strategies against copper-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Witt
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Michael Stiboller
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sharleen Friese
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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56
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Kuhn EC, Jacques MT, Teixeira D, Meyer S, Gralha T, Roehrs R, Camargo S, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J, Ávila DS. Ecotoxicological assessment of Uruguay River and affluents pre- and post-pesticides' application using Caenorhabditis elegans for biomonitoring. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:21730-21741. [PMID: 33411293 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Uruguay River is the most important river in western Rio Grande do Sul, separating Brazil from Argentina and Uruguay. However, its pollution is of great concern due to agricultural activities in the region and the extensive use of pesticides. In a long term, this practice leads to environmental pollution, especially to the aquatic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, metals and pesticides levels in water samples obtained before and after the planting and pesticides' application season from three sites: Uruguay River and two minor affluents, Mezomo Dam and Salso Stream. For biomonitoring, the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was used, which were exposed for 24 h. We did not find any significant alteration in physicochemical parameters. In the pre- and post-pesticides' samples we observed a residual presence of three pesticides (tebuconazole, imazethapyr, and clomazone) and metals which levels were above the recommended (As, Hg, Fe, and Mn). Exposure to both pre- and post-pesticides' samples impaired C. elegans reproduction and post-pesticides samples reduced worms' survival rate and lifespan. PCA analysis indicated that the presence of metals and pesticides are important variables that impacted C. elegans biological endpoints. Our data demonstrates that Uruguay River and two affluents are contaminated independent whether before or after pesticides' application season. In addition, it reinforces the usefulness of biological indicators, since simple physicochemical analyses are not sufficient to attest water quality and ecological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugênia Carla Kuhn
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa- UNIPAMPA, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472 - Km 592 - Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Maurício Tavares Jacques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa- UNIPAMPA, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472 - Km 592 - Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Teixeira
- Laboratório de Estudos Físico-químicos e Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Sören Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thiago Gralha
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ictiologia, Limnologia e aquicultura da Bacia do Rio Uruguai, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Laboratório de Estudos Físico-químicos e Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, Uruguaiana, Brazil
| | - Sandro Camargo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada (PPGCAP), Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Bagé, Bagé, Brazil
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa- UNIPAMPA, Campus Uruguaiana, BR 472 - Km 592 - Caixa Postal 118, Uruguaiana, RS, CEP 97500-970, Brazil.
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Chen P, Bornhorst J, Patton S, Bagai K, Nitin R, Miah M, Hare DJ, Kysenius K, Crouch PJ, Xiong L, Rouleau GA, Schwerdtle T, Connor J, Aschner M, Bowman AB, Walters AS. A potential role for zinc in restless legs syndrome. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa236. [PMID: 33175142 PMCID: PMC8033460 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evaluate serum and brain noniron metals in the pathology and genetics of restless legs syndrome (RLS). METHODS In two independent studies (cohorts 1 and 2), in which subjects either remained on medications or tapered off medications, we analyzed serum levels of iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, and zinc both in RLS patients and controls, and assessed the prevalence of the MEIS1 and BTBD9 risk alleles previously established through genome-wide association studies. Human brain sections and a nematode genetic model were also quantified for metal levels using mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found a significant enrichment for the BTBD9 risk genotype in the RLS affected group compared to control (p = 0.0252), consistent with previous literature. Serum (p = 0.0458 and p = 0.0139 for study cohorts 1 and 2, respectively) and brain (p = 0.0413) zinc levels were significantly elevated in the RLS patients versus control subjects. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that serum and brain levels of zinc are elevated in RLS. Further, we confirm the BTBD9 genetic risk factor in a new population, although the zinc changes were not significantly associated with risk genotypes. Zinc and iron homeostasis are interrelated, and zinc biology impacts neurotransmitter systems previously linked to RLS. Given the modest albeit statistically significant increase in serum zinc of ~20%, and the lack of association with two known genetic risk factors, zinc may not represent a primary etiology for the syndrome. Further investigation into the pathogenetic role that zinc may play in restless legs syndrome is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephanie Patton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Kanika Bagai
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachana Nitin
- Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN
| | - Mahfuzur Miah
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Dominic J Hare
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kai Kysenius
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lan Xiong
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - James Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Arthur S Walters
- Department of Neurology, Sleep Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Baesler J, Michaelis V, Stiboller M, Haase H, Aschner M, Schwerdtle T, Sturzenbaum SR, Bornhorst J. Nutritive Manganese and Zinc Overdosing in Aging C. elegans Result in a Metallothionein-Mediated Alteration in Metal Homeostasis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001176. [PMID: 33641237 PMCID: PMC8224813 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) are not only essential trace elements, but also potential exogenous risk factors for various diseases. Since the disturbed homeostasis of single metals can result in detrimental health effects, concerns have emerged regarding the consequences of excessive exposures to multiple metals, either via nutritional supplementation or parenteral nutrition. This study focuses on Mn-Zn-interactions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model, taking into account aspects related to aging and age-dependent neurodegeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS Chronic co-exposure of C. elegans to Mn and Zn increases metal uptake, exceeding levels of single metal exposures. Supplementation with Mn and/or Zn also leads to an age-dependent increase in metal content, a decline in overall mRNA expression, and metal co-supplementation induced expression of target genes involved in Mn and Zn homeostasis, in particular metallothionein 1 (mtl-1). Studies in transgenic worms reveal that mtl-1 played a prominent role in mediating age- and diet-dependent alterations in metal homeostasis. Metal dyshomeostasis is further induced in parkin-deficient nematodes (Parkinson's disease (PD) model), but this did not accelerate the age-dependent dopaminergic neurodegeneration. CONCLUSIONS A nutritive overdose of Mn and Zn can alter interactions between essential metals in an aging organism, and metallothionein 1 acts as a potential protective modulator in regulating homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baesler
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Vivien Michaelis
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Stiboller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
- TU Berlin, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Stephen R. Sturzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- TraceAge – DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Rose M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06421. [PMID: 33732387 PMCID: PMC7938899 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 μg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern. An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Chipman KJ, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Martinez AG, Gerssen A, Tubaro A, Cascio C, Abrahantes JC, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom L(R. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with lipophilic toxins with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06422. [PMID: 33732388 PMCID: PMC7942228 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on levels of lipophilic shellfish toxins in whole scallops that would ensure levels in edible parts below the regulatory limits after shucking, i.e. removal of non-edible parts. This should include the okadaic acid (OA), the azaspiracid (AZA) and the yessotoxin (YTX) groups, and five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on the three toxin groups in two scallop species, Aequipecten opercularis and Pecten maximus, i.e. data on individual and pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts from contamination incidents. The majority of the concentration levels were below limit of quantification (LOQ)/limit of detection (LOD), especially in adductor muscle but also in gonads. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. For Pecten maximus, statistical analysis showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 256 μg OA eq/kg or 217 μg AZA1 eq/kg to ensure that levels in gonads are below the regulatory limits of 160 μg OA or AZA1 eq/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for yessotoxins or any toxin in Aequipecten opercularis and an assessment could only be based on upper bound levels. To ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant, it was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if levels of OA-group toxins in the area/lot were 25% below or above the regulatory limit. However, to predict with a 95% certainty for levels between 140 and 180 μg OA eq/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.
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Weikert C, Trefflich I, Menzel J, Obeid R, Longree A, Dierkes J, Meyer K, Herter-Aeberli I, Mai K, Stangl GI, Müller SM, Schwerdtle T, Lampen A, Abraham K. Vitamin and Mineral Status in a Vegan Diet. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2021; 117:575-582. [PMID: 33161940 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, public interest in a vegan diet is steadily growing. There are, however, no current data on the macro- and micronutrient status of vegans. METHODS In a cross-sectional study entitled "The Risks and Benefits of a Vegan Diet" (RBVD), we investigated the dietary intake, basic laboratory parameters, vitamin status, and trace-element status of 36 vegans and 36 persons on an omnivorous diet. Each group consisted of 18 men and 18 women aged 30-60. RESULTS Nearly all the vegans and one-third of the persons on a mixed diet had consumed supplements in the previous 4 weeks. Vegans and nonvegans had similar energy intake but differed in the intake of both macronutrients (e.g., dietary fiber) and micronutrients (e.g., vitamins B12, B2, D, E, and K, as well as folate, iodine, and iron). There were no intergroup differences in the biomarkers of vitamin B12, vitamin D, or iron status. The ferritin values and blood counts indicated iron deficiency in four vegans and three non-vegans. Measurements in 24-hour urine samples revealed lower calcium excretion and markedly lower iodine excretion in vegans compared to non-vegans; in one-third of the vegans, iodine excretion was lower than the WHO threshold value (<20 μg/L) for severe iodine deficiency. CONCLUSION Vitamin B12 status was similarly good in vegans and non-vegans, even though the vegans consumed very little dietary B12. This may be due to the high rate of supplementation. The findings imply a need to also assure adequate iodine intake in the population, especially among persons on a vegan diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Weikert
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Food Safety, Berlin, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Nutrition, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; BEVITAL AS, Bergen, Norway; Laboratory of Human Nutrition, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Medical Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Charité-Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin site, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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Wandt VK, Winkelbeiner N, Bornhorst J, Witt B, Raschke S, Simon L, Ebert F, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. A matter of concern - Trace element dyshomeostasis and genomic stability in neurons. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101877. [PMID: 33607499 PMCID: PMC7902532 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are post-mitotic cells in the brain and their integrity is of central importance to avoid neurodegeneration. Yet, the inability of self-replenishment of post-mitotic cells results in the need to withstand challenges from numerous stressors during life. Neurons are exposed to oxidative stress due to high oxygen consumption during metabolic activity in the brain. Accordingly, DNA damage can occur and accumulate, resulting in genome instability. In this context, imbalances in brain trace element homeostasis are a matter of concern, especially regarding iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium. Although trace elements are essential for brain physiology, excess and deficient conditions are considered to impair neuronal maintenance. Besides increasing oxidative stress, DNA damage response and repair of oxidative DNA damage are affected by trace elements. Hence, a balanced trace element homeostasis is of particular importance to safeguard neuronal genome integrity and prevent neuronal loss. This review summarises the current state of knowledge on the impact of deficient, as well as excessive iron, copper, manganese, zinc, and selenium levels on neuronal genome stability. Post-mitotic neurons show an increased vulnerability to oxidative stress. Trace element dyshomeostasis impairs neuronal genome maintenance, affecting DNA damage response as well as DNA repair. The review summarises the effects of excessive and deficient trace element levels neuronal genome stability maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria K Wandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Nicola Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Barbara Witt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Luise Simon
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Anna P Kipp
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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Drobyshev E, Raschke S, Glabonjat RA, Bornhorst J, Ebert F, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Capabilities of selenoneine to cross the in vitro blood-brain barrier model. Metallomics 2020; 13:6045545. [PMID: 33570138 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring selenoneine (SeN), the selenium analogue of the sulfur-containing antioxidant ergothioneine, can be found in high abundance in several marine fish species. However, data on biological properties of SeN and its relevance for human health are still scarce. This study aims to investigate the transfer and presystemic metabolism of SeN in a well-established in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, SeN and the reference Se species selenite and Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) were applied to primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells (PBCECs). Se content of culture media and cell lysates was measured via ICP-MS/MS. Speciation analysis was conducted by HPLC-ICP-MS. Barrier integrity was shown to be unaffected during transfer experiments. SeN demonstrated the lowest transfer rates and permeability coefficient (6.7 × 10-7 cm s-1) in comparison to selenite and MeSeCys. No side-directed accumulation was observed after both-sided application of SeN. However, concentration-dependent transfer of SeN indicated possible presence of transporters on both sides of the barrier. Speciation analysis demonstrated no methylation of SeN by the PBCECs. Several derivatives of SeN detected in the media of the BBB model were also found in cell-free media containing SeN and hence not considered to be true metabolites of the PBCECs. In concluding, SeN is likely to have a slow transfer rate to the brain and not being metabolized by the brain endothelial cells. Since this study demonstrates that SeN may reach the brain tissue, further studies are needed to investigate possible health-promoting effects of SeN in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Drobyshev
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raschke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Zhou S, Pan Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Neumann F, Schwerdtle T, Li W, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerol-conjugated gold nanostars with different densities of functional groups to regulate osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells. Nanoscale 2020; 12:24006-24019. [PMID: 33242041 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials play an important role in mimicking the biochemical and biophysical cues of the extracellular matrix in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Increasing studies have demonstrated the crucial impact of functional groups on MSCs, while limited research is available on how the functional group's density on nanoparticles regulates MSC behavior. Herein, the effects of dendritic polyglycerol (dPG)-conjugated gold nanostars (GNSs) with different densities of functional groups on the osteogenesis of MSCs are systematically investigated. dPG@GNS nanocomposites have good biocompatibility and the uptake by MSCs is in a functional group density-dependent manner. The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs is promoted by all dPG@GNS nanocomposites, in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and expression of osteogenic protein and genes. Interestingly, the dPGOH@GNSs exhibit a slight upregulation in the expression of osteogenic markers, while the different charged densities of sulfate and amino groups show more efficacy in the promotion of osteogenesis. Meanwhile, the sulfated nanostars dPGS20@GNSs show the highest enhancement. Furthermore, various dPG@GNS nanocomposites exerted their effects by regulating the activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) to affect osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that dPG@GNS nanocomposites have functional group density-dependent influence on the osteogenesis of MSCs, which may provide a new insight into regulating stem cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiong Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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Li M, Gao L, Schlaich C, Zhang J, Donskyi IS, Yu G, Li W, Tu Z, Rolff J, Schwerdtle T, Haag R, Ma N. Correction to "Construction of Functional Coating with Durable and Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Potential Based on Mussel-Inspired Dendritic Polyglycerol and In Situ-Formed Copper Nanoparticles". ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:56658. [PMID: 33275402 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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Wolfram T, Schwarz M, Reuß M, Lossow K, Ost M, Klaus S, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP. N-Acetylcysteine as Modulator of the Essential Trace Elements Copper and Zinc. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111117. [PMID: 33198336 PMCID: PMC7696987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a frequently prescribed drug and known for its metal chelating capability. However, to date it is not well characterized whether NAC intake affects the homeostasis of essential trace elements. As a precursor of glutathione (GSH), NAC also has the potential to modulate the cellular redox homeostasis. Thus, we aimed to analyze effects of acute and chronic NAC treatment on the homeostasis of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and on the activity of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Cells were exposed to 1 mM NAC and were co-treated with 50 μM Cu or Zn. We showed that NAC treatment reduced the cellular concentration of Zn and Cu. In addition, NAC inhibited the Zn-induced Nrf2 activation and limited the concomitant upregulation of cellular GSH concentrations. In contrast, mice chronically received NAC via drinking water (1 g NAC/100 mL). Cu and Zn concentrations were decreased in liver and spleen. In the duodenum, NQO1, TXNRD, and SOD activities were upregulated by NAC. All of them can be induced by Nrf2, thus indicating a putative Nrf2 activation. Overall, NAC modulates the homeostasis of Cu and Zn both in vitro and in vivo and accordingly affects the cellular redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Wolfram
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (K.L.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Michaela Reuß
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (K.L.)
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (K.L.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Mario Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (M.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany;
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.W.); (M.S.); (M.R.); (K.L.)
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena-Wuppertal, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-949609
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Guérin T, Massanyi P, Van Loveren H, Baert K, Gergelova P, Nielsen E. Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06268. [PMID: 33193868 PMCID: PMC7643711 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its previous Opinion on nickel in food and drinking water, taking into account new occurrence data, the updated benchmark dose (BMD) Guidance and newly available scientific information. More than 47,000 analytical results on the occurrence of nickel were used for calculating chronic and acute dietary exposure. An increased incidence of post-implantation loss in rats was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of chronic oral exposure and a BMDL 10 of 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight (bw) per day was selected as the reference point for the establishment of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw. Eczematous flare-up reactions in the skin elicited in nickel-sensitised humans, a condition known as systemic contact dermatitis, was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of acute oral exposure. A BMDL could not be derived, and therefore, the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level of 4.3 μg Ni/kg bw was selected as the reference point. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied and an MOE of 30 or higher was considered as being indicative of a low health concern. The mean lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB) chronic dietary exposure was below or at the level of the TDI. The 95th percentile LB/UB chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI in adolescents and in all adult age groups, but generally exceeded the TDI in toddlers and in other children, as well as in infants in some surveys. This may raise a health concern in these young age groups. The MOE values for the mean UB acute dietary exposure and for the 95th percentile UB raises a health concern for nickel-sensitised individuals. The MOE values for an acute scenario regarding consumption of a glass of water on an empty stomach do not raise a health concern.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Bampidis V, Cottrill B, Frutos MJ, Furst P, Parker A, Binaglia M, Christodoulidou A, Gergelova P, Guajardo IM, Wenger C, Hogstrand C. Risk assessment of nitrate and nitrite in feed. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06290. [PMID: 33173543 PMCID: PMC7610142 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks to animal health related to nitrite and nitrate in feed. For nitrate ion, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) identified a BMDL 10 of 64 mg nitrate/kg body weight (bw) per day for adult cattle, based on methaemoglobin (MetHb) levels in animal's blood that would not induce clinical signs of hypoxia. The BMDL 10 is applicable to all bovines, except for pregnant cows in which reproductive effects were not clearly associated with MetHb formation. Since the data available suggested that ovines and caprines are not more sensitive than bovines, the BMDL 10 could also be applied to these species. Highest mean exposure estimates of 53 and 60 mg nitrate/kg bw per day in grass silage-based diets for beef cattle and fattening goats, respectively, may raise a health concern for ruminants when compared with the BMDL 10 of 64 mg nitrate/kg bw per day. The concern may be higher because other forages might contain higher levels of nitrate. Highest mean exposure estimates of 2.0 mg nitrate/kg bw per day in pigs' feeds indicate a low risk for adverse health effects, when compared with an identified no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 410 mg nitrate/kg bw per day, although the levels of exposure might be underestimated due to the absence of data on certain key ingredients in the diets of this species. Due to the limitations of the data available, the CONTAM Panel could not characterise the health risk in species other than ruminants and pigs from nitrate and in all livestock and companion animals from nitrite. Based on a limited data set, both the transfer of nitrate and nitrite from feed to food products of animal origin and the nitrate- and nitrite-mediated formation of N-nitrosamines and their transfer into these products are likely to be negligible.
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Schwarz M, Lossow K, Schirl K, Hackler J, Renko K, Kopp JF, Schwerdtle T, Schomburg L, Kipp AP. Copper interferes with selenoprotein synthesis and activity. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101746. [PMID: 33059313 PMCID: PMC7567034 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium and copper are essential trace elements for humans, needed for the biosynthesis of enzymes contributing to redox homeostasis and redox-dependent signaling pathways. Selenium is incorporated as selenocysteine into the active site of redox-relevant selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD). Copper-dependent enzymes mediate electron transfer and other redox reactions. As selenoprotein expression can be modulated e.g. by H2O2, we tested the hypothesis that copper status affects selenoprotein expression. To this end, hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells and mice were exposed to a variable copper and selenium supply in a physiologically relevant concentration range, and transcript and protein expression as well as GPX and TXNRD activities were compared. Copper suppressed selenoprotein mRNA levels of GPX1 and SELENOW, downregulated GPX and TXNRD activities and decreased UGA recoding efficiency in reporter cells. The interfering effects were successfully suppressed by applying the copper chelators bathocuproinedisulfonic acid or tetrathiomolybdate. In mice, a decreased copper supply moderately decreased the copper status and negatively affected hepatic TXNRD activity. We conclude that there is a hitherto unknown interrelationship between copper and selenium status, and that copper negatively affects selenoprotein expression and activity most probably via limiting UGA recoding. This interference may be of physiological relevance during aging, where a particular shift in the selenium to copper ratio has been reported. An increased concentration of copper in face of a downregulated selenoprotein expression may synergize and negatively affect the cellular redox homeostasis contributing to disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Katja Schirl
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Florian Kopp
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, 13353, Germany
| | - Anna Patricia Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
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70
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi J, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, Knutsen HK, Rose M, Roudot A, Van Loveren H, Vollmer G, Mackay K, Riolo F, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06223. [PMID: 32994824 PMCID: PMC7507523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
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71
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Rausch AK, Brockmeyer R, Schwerdtle T. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry multi-method for the determination of 41 free and modified mycotoxins in beer. Food Chem 2020; 338:127801. [PMID: 32798820 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A fast high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry multi-method based on an ACN-precipitation extraction was developed for the analysis of 41 (modified) mycotoxins in beer. Validation according to the performance criteria defined by the European Commission (EC) in Commission Decision no. 657/2002 revealed good linearity (R2 > 0.99), repeatability (RSDr < 15%), reproducibility (RSDR < 15%), and recovery (79-100%). Limits of quantification ranging from 0.04 to 75 µg/L were obtained. Matrix effects varied from -67 to +319% and were compensated for using standard addition. In total, 87 beer samples, produced worldwide, were analyzed for the presence of mycotoxins with a focus on modified mycotoxins, whereof 76% of the samples were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin. The most prevalent mycotoxins were deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (63%), HT-2 toxin (15%), and tenuazonic acid (13%). Exposure estimates of deoxynivalenol and its metabolites for German beer revealed no significant contribution to intake of deoxynivalenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Rausch
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Eurofins SOFIA GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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72
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Brimer L, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Vollmer G, Binaglia M, Ramos Bordajandi L, Riolo F, Roldán‐Torres R, Grasl‐Kraupp B. Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06222. [PMID: 32788943 PMCID: PMC7417869 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (α-solanine and α-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for α-solanine and α-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys. For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.
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Finke H, Winkelbeiner N, Lossow K, Hertel B, Wandt VK, Schwarz M, Pohl G, Kopp JF, Ebert F, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. Front Cover: Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202070036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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74
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Başaran N, Duydu Y, Bacanlı M, Gül Anlar H, DİLSİZ SA, Üstündağ A, Yalçın CÖ, Schwerdtle T, Bolt HM. Evaluation of oxidative stress and immune parameters of boron exposed males and females. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 142:111488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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75
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Finke H, Wandt VK, Ebert F, Guttenberger N, Glabonjat RA, Stiboller M, Francesconi KA, Raber G, Schwerdtle T. Toxicological assessment of arsenic-containing phosphatidylcholines in HepG2 cells. Metallomics 2020; 12:1159-1170. [PMID: 32459268 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids include a wide range of organic arsenic species that occur naturally in seafood and thereby contribute to human arsenic exposure. Recently arsenic-containing phosphatidylcholines (AsPCs) were identified in caviar, fish, and algae. In this first toxicological assessment of AsPCs, we investigated the stability of both the oxo- and thioxo-form of an AsPC under experimental conditions, and analyzed cell viability, indicators of genotoxicity and biotransformation in human liver cancer cells (HepG2). Precise toxicity data could not be obtained owing to the low solubility in the cell culture medium of the thioxo-form, and the ease of hydrolysis of the oxo-form, and to a lesser degree the thioxo-form. Hydrolysis resulted amongst others in the respective constituent arsenic-containing fatty acid (AsFA). Incubation of the cells with oxo-AsPC resulted in a toxicity similar to that determined for the hydrolysis product oxo-AsFA alone, and there were no indices for genotoxicity. Furthermore, the oxo-AsPC was readily taken up by the cells resulting in high cellular arsenic concentrations (50 μM incubation: 1112 ± 146 μM As cellular), whereas the thioxo-AsPC was substantially less bioavailable (50 μM incubation: 293 ± 115 μM As cellular). Speciation analysis revealed biotransformation of the AsPCs to a series of AsFAs in the culture medium, and, in the case of the oxo-AsPC, to as yet unidentified arsenic species in cell pellets. The results reveal the difficulty of toxicity studies of AsPCs in vitro, indicate that their toxicity might be largely governed by their arsenic fatty acid content and suggest a multifaceted human metabolism of food derived complex arsenolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Finke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.
| | - Viktoria K Wandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany. and TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Stiboller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany. and Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Raber
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany. and TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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76
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Finke H, Winkelbeiner N, Lossow K, Hertel B, Wandt VK, Schwarz M, Pohl G, Kopp JF, Ebert F, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. Effects of a Cumulative, Suboptimal Supply of Multiple Trace Elements in Mice: Trace Element Status, Genomic Stability, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000325. [PMID: 32609929 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Trace element (TE) deficiencies often occur accumulated, as nutritional intake is inadequate for several TEs, concurrently. Therefore, the impact of a suboptimal supply of iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium on the TE status, health parameters, epigenetics, and genomic stability in mice are studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Male mice receive reduced or adequate amounts of TEs for 9 weeks. The TE status is analyzed mass-spectrometrically in serum and different tissues. Furthermore, gene and protein expression of TE biomarkers are assessed with focus on liver. Iron concentrations are most sensitive toward a reduced supply indicated by increased serum transferrin levels and altered hepatic expression of iron-related genes. Reduced TE supply results in smaller weight gain but higher spleen and heart weights. Additionally, inflammatory mediators in serum and liver are increased together with hepatic genomic instability. However, global DNA (hydroxy)methylation is unaffected by the TE modulation. CONCLUSION Despite homeostatic regulation of most TEs in response to a low intake, this condition still has substantial effects on health parameters. It appears that the liver and immune system react particularly sensitive toward changes in TE intake. The reduced Fe status might be the primary driver for the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Finke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Nicola Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Barbara Hertel
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Viktoria K Wandt
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Ebert
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 24, Jena, 07743, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany.,TraceAge - DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
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77
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Grob K, Castle L, Christodoulidou A, Vleminckx C. Evaluation of calcium lignosulfonate as a acceptable previous cargo for edible fats and oils. EFSA J 2020; 17:e05951. [PMID: 32626214 PMCID: PMC7008875 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shipping of edible fats and oils into Europe is permitted in bulk tanks, provided that the previous cargo is included in a positive list. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate the acceptability of calcium lignosulfonate as previous cargo for fats and oils. The evaluation was based on the same criteria as those used for the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as a acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils. In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that calcium lignosulfonate did not meet the acceptability criteria, due to uncertainties as regards the composition and toxicity of its low‐molecular weight fraction (LMWF) below 1,000 Da. In the current evaluation, new information, showing lack of genotoxicity of the LMWF isolated from a technical grade of calcium lignosulfonate was provided. Due to uncertainties regarding the presence of lignosulfonate components below 200 Da in this LMWF tested for genotoxicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the information provided was insufficient to assess the acceptability of calcium lignosulfonate as previous cargo. The Panel recommends a better analysis of the LMWF and a new genotoxicity test using this LMWF, including components < 200 Da, and evidence that the tested material is representative of the LMWF in products intended to be shipped as previous cargo for edible fat and oils.
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78
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Lossow K, Kopp JF, Schwarz M, Finke H, Winkelbeiner N, Renko K, Meçi X, Ott C, Alker W, Hackler J, Grune T, Schomburg L, Haase H, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP. Aging affects sex- and organ-specific trace element profiles in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13762-13790. [PMID: 32620712 PMCID: PMC7377894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A decline of immune responses and dynamic modulation of the redox status are observed during aging and are influenced by trace elements such as copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc. So far, analytical studies have focused mainly on single trace elements. Therefore, we aimed to characterize age-specific profiles of several trace elements simultaneously in serum and organs of adult and old mice. This allows for correlating multiple trace element levels and to identify potential patterns of age-dependent alterations. In serum, copper and iodine concentrations were increased and zinc concentration was decreased in old as compared to adult mice. In parallel, decreased copper and elevated iron concentrations were observed in liver. The age-related reduction of hepatic copper levels was associated with reduced expression of copper transporters, whereas the increased hepatic iron concentrations correlated positively with proinflammatory mediators and Nrf2-induced ferritin H levels. Interestingly, the age-dependent inverse regulation of copper and iron was unique for the liver and not observed in any other organ. The physiological importance of alterations in the iron/copper ratio for liver function and the aging process needs to be addressed in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Hannah Finke
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nicola Winkelbeiner
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Xheni Meçi
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Alker
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité University Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.,TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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Hauffe R, Stein V, Chudoba C, Flore T, Rath M, Ritter K, Schell M, Wardelmann K, Deubel S, Kopp JF, Schwarz M, Kappert K, Blüher M, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP, Kleinridders A. GPx3 dysregulation impacts adipose tissue insulin receptor expression and sensitivity. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136283. [PMID: 32369454 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor signaling is crucial for white adipose tissue (WAT) function. Consequently, lack of insulin receptor (IR) in WAT results in a diabetes-like phenotype. Yet, causes for IR downregulation in WAT of patients with diabetes are not well understood. By using multiple mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance, we identify a common downregulation of IR with a reduction of mRNA expression of selenoproteins Txnrd3, Sephs2, and Gpx3 in gonadal adipose tissue. Consistently, GPX3 is also decreased in adipose tissue of insulin-resistant and obese patients. Inducing Gpx3 expression via selenite treatment enhances IR expression via activation of the transcription factor Sp1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and improves adipocyte differentiation and function. Feeding mice a selenium-enriched high-fat diet alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance with increased insulin sensitivity, decreased tissue inflammation, and elevated IR expression in WAT. Again, IR expression correlated positively with Gpx3 expression, a phenotype that is also conserved in humans. Consequently, decreasing GPx3 using siRNA technique reduced IR expression and insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Overall, our data identify GPx3 as a potentially novel regulator of IR expression and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hauffe
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stein
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chantal Chudoba
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tanina Flore
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Rath
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mareike Schell
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Wardelmann
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Deubel
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes Florian Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Schwarz
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany.,DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- Junior Research Group Central Regulation of Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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80
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Ebert F, Ziemann V, Wandt VK, Witt B, Müller SM, Guttenberger N, Bankoglu EE, Stopper H, Raber G, Francesconi KA, Schwerdtle T. Cellular toxicological characterization of a thioxolated arsenic-containing hydrocarbon. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126563. [PMID: 32531707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids, especially arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHC), are an emerging class of seafood originating contaminants. Here we toxicologically characterize a recently identified oxo-AsHC 332 metabolite, thioxo-AsHC 348 in cultured human liver (HepG2) cells. Compared to results of previous studies of the parent compound oxo-AsHC 332, thioxo-AsHC 348 substantially affected cell viability in the same concentration range but exerted about 10-fold lower cellular bioavailability. Similar to oxo-AsHC 332, thioxo-AsHC 348 did not substantially induce oxidative stress nor DNA damage. Moreover, in contrast to oxo-AsHC 332 mitochondria seem not to be a primary subcellular toxicity target for thioxo-AsHC 348. This study indicates that thioxo-AsHC 348 is at least as toxic as its parent compound oxo-AsHC 332 but very likely acts via a different mode of toxic action, which still needs to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Ebert
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Vanessa Ziemann
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Viktoria Klara Wandt
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Barbara Witt
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Sandra Marie Müller
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Guttenberger
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Helga Stopper
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Toxicology, Versbacher Str. 9, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Georg Raber
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria.
| | - Kevin A Francesconi
- University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, Graz, Austria.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, Germany.
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81
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Dall'Asta C, Mally A, Metzler M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06113. [PMID: 37649524 PMCID: PMC10464718 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 4.73 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL 10 of 14.5 μg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL 10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL 10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.
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82
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Rausch AK, Brockmeyer R, Schwerdtle T. Development and Validation of a QuEChERS-Based Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Multi-Method for the Determination of 38 Native and Modified Mycotoxins in Cereals. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4657-4669. [PMID: 32216338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, a reliable and sensitive method for the determination of 38 (modified) mycotoxins was developed. Using a QuEChERS-based extraction method [acetonitrile/water/formic acid (75:20:5, v/v/v)], followed by two runs of high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with different conditions, relevant mycotoxins in cereals were analyzed. The method was validated according to the performance criteria defined by the European Commission (EC) in Commission Decision no. 657/2002. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.05 to 150 μg/kg. Good linearity (R2 > 0.99), recovery (61-120%), repeatability (RSDr < 15%), and reproducibility (RSDR < 20%) were obtained for most mycotoxins. However, validation results for Alternaria toxins and fumonisins were unsatisfying. Matrix effects (-69 to +59%) were compensated for using standard addition. Application on reference materials gave correct results while analysis of samples from local retailers revealed contamination, especially with deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, fumonisins, and zearalenone, in concentrations up to 369, 58, 1002, and 21 μg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kristin Rausch
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Eurofins SOFIA GmbH, Rudower Chaussee 29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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83
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Ke T, Bornhorst J, Schwerdtle T, Santamaría A, Soare FAA, Rocha JBT, Farina M, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Therapeutic Efficacy of the N,N' Bis-(2-Mercaptoethyl) Isophthalamide Chelator for Methylmercury Intoxication in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:133-144. [PMID: 32236898 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global pollutant and potent neurotoxin. In humans, MeHg damages the central nervous system (CNS), causing irreversible neuronal shrinkage, and neuronal loss. Most chelators for clinical mercury detoxification are thiol-containing agents. N,N 'bis-(2-mercaptoethyl) isophthalamide (NBMI) is a lipophilic thiol agent synthesized from natural chemicals. NBMI has high affinity for mercury, cadmium and lead, and can decrease their concentrations in polluted water. However, the efficacy of NBMI for MeHg toxicity has yet to be evaluated in intact animals. Here we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to test the efficacy of NBMI in attenuating MeHg toxicity in vivo in the whole organism. The results showed that NBMI reduced both the acute toxicity (125 μM MeHg, 1 h) and chronic (5 μM MeHg, 24 h) MeHg toxicity. Co-treatment with NBMI achieved maximal efficacy against MeHg toxicity, however delayed treatment 6 days after initiation of exposure was also effective at reducing neurotoxicity. Co-treatment of NBMI reduced the worms' death rate, structural damage in DAergic neurons, and restored antioxidant response levels. While this study provides proof of principle for the therapeutic value of NBMI in MeHg toxicity, future studies are needed to address the cellular and molecular mechanisms and translatability of these effects to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, 14269, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - João B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2051, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer Building, Room 209, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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84
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Witt B, Schaumlöffel D, Schwerdtle T. Subcellular Localization of Copper-Cellular Bioimaging with Focus on Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072341. [PMID: 32231018 PMCID: PMC7178132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential trace element, copper plays a pivotal role in physiological body functions. In fact, dysregulated copper homeostasis has been clearly linked to neurological disorders including Wilson and Alzheimer’s disease. Such neurodegenerative diseases are associated with progressive loss of neurons and thus impaired brain functions. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Characterization of the element species and their subcellular localization is of great importance to uncover cellular mechanisms. Recent research activities focus on the question of how copper contributes to the pathological findings. Cellular bioimaging of copper is an essential key to accomplish this objective. Besides information on the spatial distribution and chemical properties of copper, other essential trace elements can be localized in parallel. Highly sensitive and high spatial resolution techniques such as LA-ICP-MS, TEM-EDS, S-XRF and NanoSIMS are required for elemental mapping on subcellular level. This review summarizes state-of-the-art techniques in the field of bioimaging. Their strengths and limitations will be discussed with particular focus on potential applications for the elucidation of copper-related diseases. Based on such investigations, further information on cellular processes and mechanisms can be derived under physiological and pathological conditions. Bioimaging studies might enable the clarification of the role of copper in the context of neurodegenerative diseases and provide an important basis to develop therapeutic strategies for reduction or even prevention of copper-related disorders and their pathological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Witt
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3320-088-5241
| | - Dirk Schaumlöffel
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254, CNRS/Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour/E2S UPPA, 64000 Pau, France;
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114–116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- TraceAge—DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly (FOR 2558), Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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85
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Müller SM, Dawczynski C, Wiest J, Lorkowski S, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. Functional Biomarkers for the Selenium Status in a Human Nutritional Intervention Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030676. [PMID: 32131476 PMCID: PMC7146433 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soils in Germany are commonly low in selenium; consequently, a sufficient dietary supply is not always ensured. The extent of such provision adequacy is estimated by the optimal effect range of biomarkers, which often reflects the physiological requirement. Preceding epidemiological studies indicate that low selenium serum concentrations could be related to cardiovascular diseases. Inter alia, risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are physical inactivity, overweight, as well as disadvantageous eating habits. In order to assess whether these risk factors can be modulated, a cardio-protective diet comprising fixed menu plans combined with physical exercise was applied in the German MoKaRi (modulation of cardiovascular risk factors) intervention study. We analyzed serum samples of the MoKaRi cohort (51 participants) for total selenium, GPx activity, and selenoprotein P at different timepoints of the study (0, 10, 20, 40 weeks) to explore the suitability of these selenium-associated markers as indicators of selenium status. Overall, the time-dependent fluctuations in serum selenium concentration suggest a successful change in nutritional and lifestyle behavior. Compared to baseline, a pronounced increase in GPx activity and selenoprotein P was observed, while serum selenium decreased in participants with initially adequate serum selenium content. SELENOP concentration showed a moderate positive monotonic correlation (r = 0.467, p < 0.0001) to total Se concentration, while only a weak linear relationship was observed for GPx activity versus total Se concentration (r = 0.186, p = 0.021). Evidently, other factors apart from the available Se pool must have an impact on the GPx activity, leading to the conclusion that, without having identified these factors, GPx activity should not be used as a status marker for Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Müller
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, 14467 Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christine Dawczynski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), 07743 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Wiest
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), 07743 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (A.P.K.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), 07743 Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (C.D.); (J.W.); (S.L.); (A.P.K.)
- TraceAge – DFG research unit 2558, 07743 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany;
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, 14467 Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
- TraceAge – DFG research unit 2558, 07743 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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86
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Mehl S, Sun Q, Görlich CL, Hackler J, Kopp JF, Renko K, Mittag J, Schwerdtle T, Schomburg L. Cross-sectional analysis of trace element status in thyroid disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126430. [PMID: 31835129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synthesis of thyroid hormone depends on a set of trace elements, most importantly selenium and iodine. The dietary supply with certain micronutrients is limited in many areas of the world, including central Europe and large parts of Asia and Africa. Moreover, both thyroid disease risk and therapy effects are modulated by trace element supply and status. OBJECTIVE Assessment of trace element status in thyroid patients in a European metropolis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adult patients visiting a medical praxis in Berlin, Germany, were enrolled into a cross-sectional analysis, and serum samples were obtained from thyroid patients (n = 323) with different conditions including goitre, hypothyroidism, malignancy or autoimmune thyroid disease. Trace elements (iodine, selenium, copper and zinc) were assessed by ICP-MS/MS or total reflection X-ray analysis, along with two protein biomarkers of selenium status (selenoprotein P, glutathione peroxidase), and compared to the clinical phenotype. RESULTS The patients displayed relatively low serum zinc and selenium concentrations as compared to a set (n = 200) of healthy subjects (zinc; 1025+/-233 vs. 1068+/-230 μg/L, p < 0.01, selenium; 76.9+/18.8 vs. 85.1+/-17.4 μg/L, p < 0.0001). A high fraction of patients (37.5%) was classified as selenium-deficient (serum selenium concentrations <70 μg/L), in particular the patients with thyroid malignancy (59%). Serum copper was not different between the groups, and total serum iodine concentrations were unrelated to thyroid disease. Explorative statistical analyses yielded no significant interactions between the trace elements and disease parameters, except for free thyroxine inversely correlating to the copper/selenium ratio. CONCLUSIONS In adult thyroid patients, there is no relation of circulating copper, iodine, selenium or zinc concentrations to thyroid hormone. However, a large fraction of German thyroid patients displays a considerable selenium deficit, known to constitute a disease risk potentially impairing convalescence and aggravating autoimmune disease processes. It appears advisable to testing thyroid patients for selenium deficiency, and once diagnosed, an increased supply via dietary counselling or active supplementation should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mehl
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany
| | - Christian L Görlich
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany
| | - Julian Hackler
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE, Potsdam, Berlin, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE, Potsdam, Berlin, Jena, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany
| | - Jens Mittag
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, D-23562, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, D-14558, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE, Potsdam, Berlin, Jena, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, D-13353, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558 TraceAGE, Potsdam, Berlin, Jena, Germany.
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87
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Marko D, Oswald IP, Piersma A, Routledge M, Schlatter J, Baert K, Gergelova P, Wallace H. Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06040. [PMID: 32874256 PMCID: PMC7447885 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while 'liquid milk' and 'fermented milk products' were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Brüschweiler B, Leonards P, Rose M, Binaglia M, Horváth Z, Ramos Bordajandi L, Nielsen E. Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e05991. [PMID: 32874241 PMCID: PMC7447893 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.5991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. The data for experimental animals were reviewed and the CONTAM Panel identified the liver, kidney and thyroid as the target organs for the SCCP and MCCP mixtures tested in repeated dose toxicity studies. Decreased pup survival and subcutaneous haematoma/haemorrhage were also identified as critical effects for an MCCP mixture. For the LCCP mixtures tested, the liver was identified as the target organ. The Panel selected as reference points a BMDL 10 of 2.3 mg/kg bw per day for increased incidence of nephritis in male rats, and of 36 mg/kg bw per day for increased relative kidney weights in male and female rats for SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. For LCCPs, a reference point relevant for humans could not be identified. Due to the limitations in the toxicokinetic and toxicological database, the Panel concluded that derivation of a health-based guidance value was not appropriate. Only limited data on the occurrence of SCCPs and MCCPs in some fish species were submitted to EFSA. No data were submitted for LCCPs. Thus, a robust exposure assessment and consequently a complete risk characterisation could not be performed. A preliminary risk characterisation based only on the consumption of fish was performed, and the calculated margins of exposure suggested no health concern for this limited scenario. The Panel noted that dietary exposure will be higher due to the contribution of CPs from other foods. The Panel was not able to identify reference points for farm animals, horses and companion animals. No occurrence data for feed were submitted to EFSA. Therefore, no risk characterisation could be performed for any of these animal species.
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Dünkelberg S, Maywald M, Schmitt AK, Schwerdtle T, Meyer S, Rink L. The Interaction of Sodium and Zinc in the Priming of T Cell Subpopulations Regarding Th17 and Treg Cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1900245. [PMID: 31845513 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Nutrition is a critical determinant of a functional immune system. The aim of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which immune cells are influenced by zinc and sodium. METHODS AND RESULTS Mixed lymphocyte cultures and Jurkat cells are generated and incubated with zinc, sodium, or a combination of both for further tests. Zinc induces the number of regulatory T cells (Treg) and decreases T helper 17 cells (Th17), and sodium has the opposite effect. The transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway is also enhanced by zinc and reduced by sodium as indicated by contrary phosphoSmad 2/3 induction. Antagonistic effects can also be seen on zinc transporter and metallothionein-1 (MT-1) mRNA expression: zinc declines Zip10 mRNA expression while sodium induces it, whereas MT-1 mRNA expression is induced by zinc while it is reduced by sodium. CONCLUSION This data indicate that zinc and sodium display opposite effects regarding Treg and Th17 induction in MLC, respectively, resulting in a contrary effect on the immune system. Additionally, it reveals a direct interaction of zinc and sodium in the priming of T cell subpopulations and shows that Zip10 and MT-1 play a significant role in those differentiation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dünkelberg
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martina Maywald
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Kristina Schmitt
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sören Meyer
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Neumann C, Baesler J, Steffen G, Nicolai MM, Zubel T, Aschner M, Bürkle A, Mangerich A, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. The role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in manganese exposed Caenorhabditis elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 57:21-27. [PMID: 31546209 PMCID: PMC6878993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM When exceeding the homeostatic range, manganese (Mn) might cause neurotoxicity, characteristic of the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. Although the underlying mechanism of its neurotoxicity remains unclear, Mn-induced oxidative stress contributes to disease etiology. DNA damage caused by oxidative stress may further trigger dysregulation of DNA-damage-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), which is of central importance especially for neuronal homeostasis. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess in the genetically traceable in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans the role of PARylation as well as the consequences of loss of pme-1 or pme-2 (orthologues of PARP1 and PARP2) in Mn-induced toxicity. METHODS A specific and sensitive isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify PARylation in worms. Next to monitoring the PAR level, pme-1 and pme-2 gene expression as well as Mn-induced oxidative stress was studied in wildtype worms and the pme deletion mutants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION While Mn failed to induce PARylation in wildtype worms, toxic doses of Mn led to PAR-induction in pme-1-deficient worms, due to an increased gene expression of pme-2 in the pme-1 deletion mutants. However, this effect could not be observed at sub-toxic Mn doses as well as upon longer incubation times. Regarding Mn-induced oxidative stress, the deletion mutants did not show hypersensitivity. Taken together, this study characterizes worms to model PAR inhibition and addresses the consequences for Mn-induced oxidative stress in genetically manipulated worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Neumann
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Jessica Baesler
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Gereon Steffen
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Merle Marie Nicolai
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tabea Zubel
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam, Jena, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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91
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Bornhorst J, Ebert F, Meyer S, Ziemann V, Xiong C, Guttenberger N, Raab A, Baesler J, Aschner M, Feldmann J, Francesconi K, Raber G, Schwerdtle T. Toxicity of three types of arsenolipids: species-specific effects inCaenorhabditis elegans. Metallomics 2020; 12:794-798. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AsHCs and AsTAG are highly bioavailable toC. elegans., AsHCs are metabolized byC. elegans., AsHCs but not AsTAG and AsFA affect survival and development inC. elegans.
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92
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Baudry J, Kopp JF, Boeing H, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T, Schulze MB. Changes of trace element status during aging: results of the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:3045-3058. [PMID: 31786641 PMCID: PMC7501115 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate age-dependent changes of six trace elements (TE) [manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iodine (I), and selenium (Se)] over a 20-year period. Methods TE concentrations were determined using repeated serum samples taken at baseline and after 20 years of follow-up from 219 healthy participants of the EPIC-Potsdam study, using inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry. For each TE, absolute and relative differences were calculated between the two time points, as well as the proportion of individuals within normal reference ranges. Interdependence between age-related TE differences was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). Relationships between selected factors (lifestyle, sociodemographic, anthropometric factors, and hypertension) and corresponding TE longitudinal variability were examined using multivariable linear regression models. Results Median age of our study sample was 58.32 years (4.42) at baseline and 40% were females. Median Mn, Zn, Se concentrations and Se to Cu ratio significantly decreased during aging while median Fe, Cu, I concentrations and Cu to Zn ratio significantly increased. A substantial percentage of the participants, at both time points, had Zn concentrations below the reference range. The first PCA-extracted factor reflected the correlated decline in both Mn and Zn over time while the second factor reflected the observed (on average) increase in both Cu and I over time. Overall, none of the investigated factors were strong determinants of TE longitudinal variability, except possibly dietary supplement use, and alcohol use for Fe. Conclusions In conclusion, in this population-based study of healthy elderly, decrease in Mn, Zn, and Se concentrations and increase in Fe, Cu, and I concentrations were observed over 20 years of follow-up. Further research is required to investigate dietary determinants and markers of TE status as well as the relationships between TE profiles and the risk of age-related diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-019-02143-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baudry
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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93
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Schrenk D, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Leblanc JC, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Alexander J, Cottrill B, Dusemund B, Mulder P, Arcella D, Baert K, Cascio C, Steinkellner H, Bignami M. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products. EFSA J 2019; 17:e05860. [PMID: 32626161 PMCID: PMC7008800 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as 'Lupins (dry) and similar-'. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when 'lupin-based meat imitates' are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be low.
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94
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Schwarz M, Lossow K, Kopp JF, Schwerdtle T, Kipp AP. Crosstalk of Nrf2 with the Trace Elements Selenium, Iron, Zinc, and Copper. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2112. [PMID: 31491970 PMCID: PMC6770424 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace elements, like Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se, are important for the proper functioning of antioxidant enzymes. However, in excessive amounts, they can also act as pro-oxidants. Accordingly, trace elements influence redox-modulated signaling pathways, such as the Nrf2 pathway. Vice versa, Nrf2 target genes belong to the group of transport and metal binding proteins. In order to investigate whether Nrf2 directly regulates the systemic trace element status, we used mice to study the effect of a constitutive, whole-body Nrf2 knockout on the systemic status of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se. As the loss of selenoproteins under Se-deprived conditions has been described to further enhance Nrf2 activity, we additionally analyzed the combination of Nrf2 knockout with feeding diets that provide either suboptimal, adequate, or supplemented amounts of Se. Experiments revealed that the Nrf2 knockout partially affected the trace element concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, or Se in the intestine, liver, and/or plasma. However, aside from Fe, the other three trace elements were only marginally modulated in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Selenium deficiency mainly resulted in increased plasma Zn levels. One putative mediator could be the metal regulatory transcription factor 1, which was up-regulated with an increasing Se supply and downregulated in Se-supplemented Nrf2 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Schwarz
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Str. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany.
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95
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Baesler J, Kopp JF, Pohl G, Aschner M, Haase H, Schwerdtle T, Bornhorst J. Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson's disease in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:44-49. [PMID: 31345364 PMCID: PMC6676891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Baesler
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes F Kopp
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hajo Haase
- TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin, Potsdam, Jena, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Jacques MT, Bornhorst J, Soares MV, Schwerdtle T, Garcia S, Ávila DS. Reprotoxicity of glyphosate-based formulation in Caenorhabditis elegans is not due to the active ingredient only. Environ Pollut 2019; 252:1854-1862. [PMID: 31326750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides guarantee us high productivity in agriculture, but the long-term costs have proved too high. Acute and chronic intoxication of humans and animals, contamination of soil, water and food are the consequences of the current demand and sales of these products. In addition, pesticides such as glyphosate are sold in commercial formulations which have inert ingredients, substances with unknown composition and proportion. Facing this scenario, toxicological studies that investigate the interaction between the active principle and the inert ingredients are necessary. The following work proposed comparative toxicology studies between glyphosate and its commercial formulation using the alternative model Caenorhabditis elegans. Worms were exposed to different concentrations of the active ingredient (glyphosate in monoisopropylamine salt) and its commercial formulation. Reproductive capacity was evaluated through brood size, morphological analysis of oocytes and through the MD701 strain (bcIs39), which allows the visualization of germ cells in apoptosis. In addition, the metal composition in the commercial formulation was analyzed by ICP-MS. Only the commercial formulation of glyphosate showed significant negative effects on brood size, body length, oocyte size, and the number of apoptotic cells. Metal analysis showed the presence of Hg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in the commercial formulation, which did not cause reprotoxicity at the concentrations found. However, metals can bioaccumulate in soil and water and cause environmental impacts. Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of inert ingredients increased the toxic profile of the active ingredient glyphosate in C. elegans, which reinforces the need of components description in the product labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tavares Jacques
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Experimentação em Neuropatologia, Department of Biochemistry, CCB, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Block C, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany
| | - Solange Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis Elegans, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 592, PO BOX 118, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.
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97
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Rohn I, Kroepfl N, Aschner M, Bornhorst J, Kuehnelt D, Schwerdtle T. Selenoneine ameliorates peroxide-induced oxidative stress in C. elegans. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:78-81. [PMID: 31345370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Selenoneine (2-selenyl-Nα, Nα, Nα-trimethyl-L-histidine), the selenium (Se) analogue of the ubiquitous thiol compound and putative antioxidant ergothioneine, is the major organic selenium species in several marine fish species. Although its antioxidant efficacy has been proposed, selenoneine has been poorly characterized, preventing conclusions on its possible beneficial health effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) with selenoneine for 18 h attenuated the induction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). However, the effect was not immediate, occurring 48 h post-treatment. Total Se and Se speciation analysis revealed that selenoneine was efficiently taken up and present in its original form directly after treatment, with no metabolic transformations observed. 48 h post-treatment, total Se in worms was slightly higher compared to controls and no selenoneine could be detected. CONCLUSION The protective effect of selenoneine may not be attributed to the presence of the compound itself, but rather to the activation of molecular mechanisms with consequences at more protracted time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Rohn
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Nina Kroepfl
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany; Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Doris Kuehnelt
- Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge - DFG Research Unit FOR 2558, Berlin-Potsdam-Jena, Germany.
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98
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Maares M, Duman A, Keil C, Schwerdtle T, Haase H. The impact of apical and basolateral albumin on intestinal zinc resorption in the Caco-2/HT-29-MTX co-culture model. Metallomics 2019; 10:979-991. [PMID: 29931006 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00064f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of intestinal zinc resorption and its regulation are still topics of ongoing research. To this end, the application of suitable in vitro intestinal models, optimized with regard to their cellular composition and medium constituents, is of crucial importance. As one vital aspect, the impact of cell culture media or buffer compounds, respectively, on the speciation and cellular availability of zinc has to be considered when investigating zinc resorption. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of serum, and in particular its main constituent serum albumin, on zinc uptake and toxicity in the intestinal cell line Caco-2. Furthermore, the impact of serum albumin on zinc resorption is analyzed using a co-culture of Caco-2 cells and the mucin-producing goblet cell line HT-29-MTX. Apically added albumin significantly impaired zinc uptake into enterocytes and buffered its cytotoxicity. Yet, undigested albumin does not occur in the intestinal lumen in vivo and impairment of zinc uptake was abrogated by digestion of albumin. Interestingly, zinc uptake, as well as gene expression studies of mt1a and selected intestinal zinc transporters after zinc incubation for 24 h, did not show significant differences between 0 and 10% serum. Importantly, the basolateral application of serum in a transport study significantly enhanced fractional apical zinc resorption, suggesting that the occurrence of a zinc acceptor in the plasma considerably affects intestinal zinc resorption. This study demonstrates that the apical and basolateral medium composition is crucial when investigating zinc, particularly its intestinal resorption, using in vitro cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maares
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Berlin Institute of Technology, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
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99
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Kotthoff L, Lisec J, Schwerdtle T, Koch M. Prediction of Transformation Products of Monensin by Electrochemistry Compared to Microsomal Assay and Hydrolysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152732. [PMID: 31357593 PMCID: PMC6696283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of transformation pathways and identification of transformation products (TPs) of veterinary drugs is important for animal health, food, and environmental matters. The active agent Monensin (MON) belongs to the ionophore antibiotics and is widely used as a veterinary drug against coccidiosis in broiler farming. However, no electrochemically (EC) generated TPs of MON have been described so far. In this study, the online coupling of EC and mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the generation of oxidative TPs. EC-conditions were optimized with respect to working electrode material, solvent, modifier, and potential polarity. Subsequent LC/HRMS (liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry) and MS/MS experiments were performed to identify the structures of derived TPs by a suspected target analysis. The obtained EC-results were compared to TPs observed in metabolism tests with microsomes and hydrolysis experiments of MON. Five previously undescribed TPs of MON were identified in our EC/MS based study and one TP, which was already known from literature and found by a microsomal assay, could be confirmed. Two and three further TPs were found as products in microsomal tests and following hydrolysis, respectively. We found decarboxylation, O-demethylation and acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions to be the major mechanisms of MON transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kotthoff
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Lisec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Koch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Reference Materials, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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100
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Kopp JF, Müller SM, Pohl G, Lossow K, Kipp AP, Schwerdtle T. A quick and simple method for the determination of six trace elements in mammalian serum samples using ICP-MS/MS. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 54:221-225. [PMID: 31109616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to assess the individual trace element status of humans for either medical or scientific purposes, amongst others, blood serum levels are determined. Furthermore, animal models are used to study interactions of trace elements. Most published methods require larger amounts (500-1000 μL) of serum to achieve a reliable determination of multiple trace elements. However, oftentimes, these amounts of serum cannot be dedicated to a single analysis and the amount available for TE-determination is much lower. Therefore, a published ICP-MS/MS method for trace element determination in serum was miniaturized, optimized and validated for the measurement of Mn, Fe, Cu Zn, I and Se in as little as 50 μL of human and murine serum and is presented in this work. For validation, recoveries of multiple LOTs and levels from commercially available human reference serum samples were determined, intra- and inter-day variations were assessed and limits of detection and quantification determined. It is shown, that the method is capable of giving accurate and reproducible results for all six elements within the relevant concentration ranges for samples from humans living in central Europe as well as from laboratory mice. As a highlight, the achieved limits of detection and quantification for Mn were found to be at 0.02 μg/L serum and 0.05 μg/L serum, respectively, while using an alkaline diluent for the parallel determination of iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Florian Kopp
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558, TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra Marie Müller
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; NutriAct Competence Cluster, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pohl
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558, TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburgerstr. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558, TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Patricia Kipp
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Dornburgerstr. 24, 07743 Jena, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558, TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; DFG-Research Group #2558, TraceAGE Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany; NutriAct Competence Cluster, Berlin-Potsdam, Germany.
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