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Wu S, Li Y, Baral S, Mishra S, Koh M, Golding H, Kwong JC, Wei X. Protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 boosters, and hybrid immunity against Omicron severe illness: A population-based cohort study of five million residents in Canada. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299304. [PMID: 38394091 PMCID: PMC10889649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on protection of different patterns of infection- and vaccine-acquired immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness is useful in planning booster vaccination strategies. We examined protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third or a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose, and hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness. METHODS AND FINDINGS This population-based cohort study followed five million individuals with at least one SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test before November 21, 2021 until an Omicron-associatedhospitalization or death. We used Cox regression models to estimate risks of Omicron-associated hospitalization and a composite severe outcome (hospitalized and death), among individuals with infection- and/or vaccination-acquired immunity. Individuals who were unvaccinated and had no history of a prior infection severed as the reference group. Both adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding protection (one minus adjusted HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were reported. Three doses provided 94% (95%CI 93-95) and 93% (95%CI 91-94) protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization at 2-3 and ≥3 months post-vaccination respectively, similar to the protection conferred by three doses and a prior infection (2-3 months: 99%, 95%CI 97-100; ≥3 months: 97%, 95%CI 92-99) and four doses (1 month: 87%, 95%CI 79-92; 1-2 months: 96%, 95%CI 92-98). In individuals ≥65 years old, protection of four doses increased to 95% (95%CI 91-98) at 1-2 months, significantly higher than that of three doses over the follow-up period. Similar results were observed with the composite severe outcome. CONCLUSION At least three antigenic exposures, achieved by vaccination or infection, confers significant protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization and death in all age groups. Our findings support a third dose for the overall population, regardless of prior infection status, and a fourth dose for the elderly to maintain high level of immunity and substantially reduce risk of severe illness at individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Wu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanhong Li
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharmistha Mishra
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Koh
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haley Golding
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C. Kwong
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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52
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Rowe T, Davis W, Wentworth DE, Ross T. Differential interferon responses to influenza A and B viruses in primary ferret respiratory epithelial cells. J Virol 2024; 98:e0149423. [PMID: 38294251 PMCID: PMC10878268 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01494-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza B viruses (IBV) cocirculate with influenza A viruses (IAV) and cause periodic epidemics of disease, yet antibody and cellular responses following IBV infection are less well understood. Using the ferret model for antisera generation for influenza surveillance purposes, IAV resulted in robust antibody responses following infection, whereas IBV required an additional booster dose, over 85% of the time, to generate equivalent antibody titers. In this study, we utilized primary differentiated ferret nasal epithelial cells (FNECs) which were inoculated with IAV and IBV to study differences in innate immune responses which may result in differences in adaptive immune responses in the host. FNECs were inoculated with IAV (H1N1pdm09 and H3N2 subtypes) or IBV (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata lineages) and assessed for 72 h. Cells were analyzed for gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR, and apical and basolateral supernatants were assessed for virus kinetics and interferon (IFN), respectively. Similar virus kinetics were observed with IAV and IBV in FNECs. A comparison of gene expression and protein secretion profiles demonstrated that IBV-inoculated FNEC expressed delayed type-I/II IFN responses and reduced type-III IFN secretion compared to IAV-inoculated cells. Concurrently, gene expression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), a type-III IFN-induced gene that enhances adaptive immune responses, was significantly downregulated in IBV-inoculated FNECs. Significant differences in other proinflammatory and adaptive genes were suppressed and delayed following IBV inoculation. Following IBV infection, ex vivo cell cultures derived from the ferret upper respiratory tract exhibited reduced and delayed innate responses which may contribute to reduced antibody responses in vivo.IMPORTANCEInfluenza B viruses (IBV) represent nearly one-quarter of all human influenza cases and are responsible for significant clinical and socioeconomic impacts but do not pose the same pandemic risks as influenza A viruses (IAV) and have thus received much less attention. IBV accounts for greater severity and deaths in children, and vaccine efficacy remains low. The ferret can be readily infected with human clinical isolates and demonstrates a similar course of disease and immune responses. IBV, however, generates lower antibodies in ferrets than IAV following the challenge. To determine whether differences in initial innate responses following infection may affect the development of robust adaptive immune responses, ferret respiratory tract cells were isolated, infected with IAV/IBV, and compared. Understanding the differences in the initial innate immune responses to IAV and IBV may be important in the development of more effective vaccines and interventions to generate more robust protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rowe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - William Davis
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David E. Wentworth
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Influenza Division, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ted Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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53
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Ward AC. Immune Factors, Immune Cells and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2417. [PMID: 38397094 PMCID: PMC10889257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system comprises distinct innate and adaptive arms, each of which contains many layers to provide a coordinated, sequential immune response to insults [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia;
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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54
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Britsch S, Langer H, Duerschmied D, Becher T. The Evolving Role of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2450. [PMID: 38397127 PMCID: PMC10888834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, is characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial wall. This inflammatory process is initiated and maintained by both innate and adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis and consist of various subtypes with distinct functional abilities. Following the recognition and binding of antigens, DCs become potent activators of cellular responses, bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems. The modulation of specific DC subpopulations can have either pro-atherogenic or atheroprotective effects, highlighting the dual pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic roles of DCs. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving roles of DCs and their subtypes in the promotion or limitation of atherosclerosis development. Additionally, we explore antigen pulsing and pharmacological approaches to modulate the function of DCs in the context of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Britsch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Langer
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 13092 Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Becher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, Centre for Acute Cardiovascular Medicine Mannheim (ZKAM), University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 69117 Mannheim, Germany; (H.L.); (D.D.); (T.B.)
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Segura-Tudela A, López-Nevado M, Nieto-López C, García-Jiménez S, Díaz-Madroñero MJ, Delgado Á, Cabrera-Marante O, Pleguezuelo D, Morales P, Paz-Artal E, Gil-Niño J, Marco FM, Serrano C, González-Granado LI, Quesada-Espinosa JF, Allende LM. Enrichment of Immune Dysregulation Disorders in Adult Patients with Human Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:61. [PMID: 38363452 PMCID: PMC10873437 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human inborn errors of immunity (IEI) comprise a group of diseases resulting from molecular variants that compromise innate and adaptive immunity. Clinical features of IEI patients are dominated by susceptibility to a spectrum of infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune, autoinflammatory, allergic, and malignant phenotypes that usually appear in childhood, which is when the diagnosis is typically made. However, some IEI patients are identified in adulthood due to symptomatic delay of the disease or other reasons that prevent the request for a molecular study. The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a diagnostic technique has given rise to an ever-increasing identification of IEI-monogenic causes, thus improving the diagnostic yield and facilitating the possibility of personalized treatment. This work was a retrospective study of 173 adults with IEI suspicion that were sequenced between 2005 and 2023. Sanger, targeted gene-panel, and whole exome sequencing were used for molecular diagnosis. Disease-causing variants were identified in 44 of 173 (25.43%) patients. The clinical phenotype of these 44 patients was mostly related to infection susceptibility (63.64%). An enrichment of immune dysregulation diseases was found when cohorts with molecular diagnosis were compared to those without. Immune dysregulation disorders, group 4 from the International Union of Immunological Societies Expert Committee (IUIS), were the most prevalent among these adult patients. Immune dysregulation as a new item in the Jeffrey Model Foundation warning signs for adults significantly increases the sensitivity for the identification of patients with an IEI-producing molecular defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Segura-Tudela
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta López-Nevado
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Nieto-López
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Díaz-Madroñero
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Delgado
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Cabrera-Marante
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pleguezuelo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Morales
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Paz-Artal
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Gil-Niño
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Marco
- Unit of Immunology, University Hospital General Dr Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Serrano
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis I González-Granado
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Immunodeficiencies, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F Quesada-Espinosa
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Allende
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda. de Andalucía S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute Hospital, 12 Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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56
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Bourne CM, Taabazuing CY. Harnessing Pyroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38391959 PMCID: PMC10886719 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a novel pillar of cancer treatment that harnesses the immune system to fight tumors and generally results in robust antitumor immunity. Although immunotherapy has achieved remarkable clinical success for some patients, many patients do not respond, underscoring the need to develop new strategies to promote antitumor immunity. Pyroptosis is an immunostimulatory type of regulated cell death that activates the innate immune system. A hallmark of pyroptosis is the release of intracellular contents such as cytokines, alarmins, and chemokines that can stimulate adaptive immune activation. Recent studies suggest that pyroptosis promotes antitumor immunity. Here, we review the mechanisms by which pyroptosis can be induced and highlight new strategies to induce pyroptosis in cancer cells for antitumor defense. We discuss how pyroptosis modulates the tumor microenvironment to stimulate adaptive immunity and promote antitumor immunity. We also suggest research areas to focus on for continued development of pyroptosis as an anticancer treatment. Pyroptosis-based anticancer therapies offer a promising new avenue for treating immunologically 'cold' tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelius Y. Taabazuing
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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57
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Tai Y, Chen M, Wang F, Fan Y, Zhang J, Cai B, Yan L, Luo Y, Li Y. The role of dendritic cells in cancer immunity and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111548. [PMID: 38244518 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are asserted as the most potent antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that orchestrate both innate and adaptive immunity, being extremely effective in the induction of robust anti-cancer T cell responses. Hence, the modulation of DCs function represents an attractive target for improving cancer immunotherapy efficacy. A better understanding of the immunobiology of DCs, the interaction among DCs, immune effector cells and tumor cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) and the latest advances in biomedical engineering technology would be required for the design of optimal DC-based immunotherapy. In this review, we focus on elaborating the immunobiology of DCs in healthy and cancer environments, the recent advances in the development of enhancing endogenous DCs immunocompetence via immunomodulators as well as DC-based vaccines. The rapidly developing field of applying nanotechnology to improve DC-based immunotherapy is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunze Tai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Man Chen
- Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Kaili, Guizhou 556000, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics and Organ Transplantation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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58
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Kleimann P, Irschfeld LM, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Temme S. Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2312. [PMID: 38396989 PMCID: PMC10889825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long time that memory formation exclusively occurs in the adaptive part of the immune system with the formation of highly specific memory T cells and B cells. In the past 10-15 years, it has become clear that innate immune cells, such as monocytes, natural killer cells, or neutrophil granulocytes, also have the ability to generate some kind of memory. After the exposure of innate immune cells to certain stimuli, these cells develop an enhanced secondary response with increased cytokine secretion even after an encounter with an unrelated stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity (TI) and is associated with epigenetic modifications (histone methylation, acetylation) and metabolic alterations (elevated glycolysis, lactate production). TI has been observed in tissue-resident or circulating immune cells but also in bone marrow progenitors. Risk-factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are associated with low-grade inflammation, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, or high salt, can also induce TI with a profound impact on the development and progression of CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe basic mechanisms of TI and summarize animal studies which specifically focus on TI in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kleimann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Irschfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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59
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Luo C, Chen W, Cai J, He Y. The mechanisms of milder clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in children compared to adults. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:28. [PMID: 38355623 PMCID: PMC10865718 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In stark contrast to adult patients, children who contract Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically manifest milder symptoms or remain asymptomatic. However, the precise underlying mechanisms of this pathogenesis remain elusive. In this review, we primarily retrospect the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, and explore the factors that may contribute to the typically milder clinical presentation in pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients compare with adults patients with COVID-19. The pathophysiological mechanisms that mitigate lung injury in children are as follows: the expression level of ACE2 receptor in children is lower; the binding affinity between ACE2 receptors and viral spike proteins in children was weaker; children have strong pre-activated innate immune response and appropriate adaptive immune response; children have more natural lymphocytes; children with COVID-19 can produce higher levels of IgM, IgG and interferon; children infected with SARS-CoV-2 can produce lower levels of IL-6 and IL-10; children have fewer underlying diseases and the lower risk of worsening COVID-19; children are usually exposed to other respiratory viruses and have an enhanced cross-reactive immunity. Comprehending the relative contributions of these processes to the protective phenotype in the developing lungs can help in the diagnosis, treatment and research pertaining to children with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junying Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwen He
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 28 Qiaozhong Middle Road, Liwan District, 510120, Guangzhou, China.
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60
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Thongpoon S, Roobsoong W, Nguitragool W, Chotirat S, Tsuboi T, Takashima E, Cui L, Ishino T, Tachibana M, Miura K, Sattabongkot J. Naturally Acquired Transmission-Blocking Immunity Against Different Strains of Plasmodium vivax in a Malaria-Endemic Area in Thailand. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:567-575. [PMID: 37943633 PMCID: PMC10873188 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunity triggered by natural malaria infections impedes parasite transmission from humans to mosquitoes, leading to interest in transmission-blocking vaccines. However, immunity characteristics, especially strain specificity, remain largely unexplored. We investigated naturally acquired transmission-blocking immunity (TBI) against Plasmodium vivax, a major malaria parasite. METHODS Using the direct membrane-feeding assay, we assessed TBI in plasma samples and examined the role of antibodies by removing immunoglobulins through protein G/L adsorption before mosquito feeding. Strain specificity was evaluated by conducting a direct membrane-feeding assay with plasma exchange. RESULTS Blood samples from 47 patients with P vivax were evaluated, with 37 plasma samples successfully infecting mosquitoes. Among these, 26 showed inhibition before immunoglobulin depletion. Despite substantial immunoglobulin removal, 4 samples still exhibited notable inhibition, while 22 had reduced blocking activity. Testing against heterologous strains revealed some plasma samples with broad TBI and others with strain-specific TBI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that naturally acquired TBI is mainly mediated by antibodies, with possible contributions from other serum factors. The transmission-blocking activity of plasma samples varied by the tested parasite strain, suggesting single polymorphic or multiple targets for naturally acquired TBI. These observations improve understanding of immunity against P vivax and hold implications for transmission-blocking vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Eizo Takashima
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tomoko Ishino
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tachibana
- Division of Molecular Parasitology, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Miura
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Xi Y, Horng T. A case of too much sugar: Lung DCs flummoxed by flu. Immunity 2024; 57:203-205. [PMID: 38354700 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is known to increase susceptibility to respiratory infections, but the underlying basis remains elusive. In a recent study in Nature, Nobs et al. showed that hyperglycemia impinges on the histone acetylation landscape to impair the ability of lung dendritic cells to prime adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiffany Horng
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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Liu J, Jiang X, Li Y, Yang K, Weichselbaum RR, Lin W. Immunogenic Bifunctional Nanoparticle Suppresses Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 in Cancer and Dendritic Cells to Enhance Adaptive Immunity and Chemo-Immunotherapy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:5152-5166. [PMID: 38286035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Blockade of programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoints with monoclonal antibodies has shown great promise for cancer treatment, but these antibodies can cause immune-related adverse events in normal organs. Here we report a dual-cell targeted chemo-immunotherapeutic nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP), OxPt/BP, comprising oxaliplatin (OxPt) and 2-bromopalmitic acid (BP), for effective downregulation of PD-L1 expression in both cancer cells and dendritic cells (DCs) by inhibiting palmitoyl acyltransferase DHHC3. OxPt/BP efficiently promotes DC maturation by increasing intracellular oxidative stress and enhancing OxPt-induced immunostimulatory immunogenic cancer cell death. Systemic administration of OxPt/BP reduces the growth of subcutaneous and orthotopic colorectal carcinoma by facilitating the infiltration and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes together with reducing the population of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. As a result, OxPt/BP significantly extends mouse survival without causing side effects. This work highlights the potential of NCPs in simultaneously reprogramming cancer cells and DCs for potent cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiaomin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Youyou Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kaiting Yang
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 5758 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Baglivo I, Colantuono S, Lumaca A, Papa A, Gasbarrini A, Caruso C. The last step to achieve barrier damage control. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354556. [PMID: 38415254 PMCID: PMC10897052 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity characterises inflammatory diseases and different phenotypes and endotypes have been identified. Both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the immunopathological mechanism of these diseases and barrier damage plays a prominent role triggering type 2 inflammation through the alarmins system, such as anti-Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP). Treatment with anti-TSLP monoclonal antibodies showed efficacy in severe asthma and clinical trials for other eosinophilic diseases are ongoing. The aim of this perspective review is to analyse current advances and future applications of TSLP inhibition to control barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’ApparatoDigerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Arianna Lumaca
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale (UOSD) di Allergologia, Ospedale Maria Santissima (SS) Dello Splendore, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Papa
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’ApparatoDigerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’ApparatoDigerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy
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Sela U, Corrêa da Rosa JM, Fischetti VA, Cohen JE. Quantifying how much host, pathogen, and other factors affect human protective adaptive immune responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330253. [PMID: 38410519 PMCID: PMC10895049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognizing the "essential" factors that contribute to a clinical outcome is critical for designing appropriate therapies and prioritizing limited medical resources. Demonstrating a high correlation between a factor and an outcome does not necessarily imply an essential role of the factor to the outcome. Human protective adaptive immune responses to pathogens vary among (and perhaps within) pathogenic strains, human individual hosts, and in response to other factors. Which of these has an "essential" role? We offer three statistical approaches that predict the presence of newly contributing factor(s) and then quantify the influence of host, pathogen, and the new factors on immune responses. We illustrate these approaches using previous data from the protective adaptive immune response (cellular and humoral) by human hosts to various strains of the same pathogenic bacterial species. Taylor's law predicts the existence of other factors potentially contributing to the human protective adaptive immune response in addition to inter-individual host and intra-bacterial species inter-strain variability. A mixed linear model measures the relative contribution of the known variables, individual human hosts and bacterial strains, and estimates the summed contributions of the newly predicted but unknown factors to the combined adaptive immune response. A principal component analysis predicts the presence of sub-variables (currently not defined) within bacterial strains and individuals that may contribute to the combined immune response. These observations have statistical, biological, clinical, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel M. Corrêa da Rosa
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joel E. Cohen
- Laboratory of Populations, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sepúlveda-Alfaro J, Catalán EA, Vallejos OP, Ramos-Tapia I, Madrid-Muñoz C, Mendoza-León MJ, Suazo ID, Rivera-Asin E, Silva PH, Alvarez-Mardones O, Castillo-Godoy DP, Riedel CA, Schinnerling K, Ugalde JA, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, Melo-Gonzalez F. Human metapneumovirus respiratory infection affects both innate and adaptive intestinal immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1330209. [PMID: 38404579 PMCID: PMC10884822 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1330209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Respiratory infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly in children, immunocompromised people, and the elderly. Several respiratory viruses can induce intestinal inflammation and alterations in intestinal microbiota composition. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the major respiratory viruses contributing to infant mortality in children under 5 years of age worldwide, and the effect of this infection at the gut level has not been studied. Methods Here, we evaluated the distal effects of HMPV infection on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in a murine model, analyzing several post-infection times (days 1, 3, and 5). Six to eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally with HMPV, and mice inoculated with a non-infectious supernatant (Mock) were used as a control group. Results We did not detect HMPV viral load in the intestine, but we observed significant changes in the transcription of IFN-γ in the colon, analyzed by qPCR, at day 1 post-infection as compared to the control group. Furthermore, we analyzed the frequencies of different innate and adaptive immune cells in the colonic lamina propria, using flow cytometry. The frequency of monocyte populations was altered in the colon of HMPV -infected mice at days 1 and 3, with no significant difference from control mice at day 5 post-infection. Moreover, colonic CD8+ T cells and memory precursor effector CD8+ T cells were significantly increased in HMPV-infected mice at day 5, suggesting that HMPV may also alter intestinal adaptive immunity. Additionally, we did not find alterations in antimicrobial peptide expression, the frequency of colonic IgA+ plasma cells, and levels of fecal IgA. Some minor alterations in the fecal microbiota composition of HMPV -infected mice were detected using 16s rRNA sequencing. However, no significant differences were found in β-diversity and relative abundance at the genus level. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the alterations in intestinal immunity following respiratory infection with HMPV infection. These effects do not seem to be mediated by direct viral infection in the intestinal tract. Our results indicate that HMPV can affect colonic innate and adaptive immunity but does not significantly alter the microbiota composition, and further research is required to understand the mechanisms inducing these distal effects in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Sepúlveda-Alfaro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Catalán
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Omar P. Vallejos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Ramos-Tapia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María J. Mendoza-León
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isidora D. Suazo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Rivera-Asin
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro H. Silva
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Alvarez-Mardones
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan A. Ugalde
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-Gonzalez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Jung I, Shin S, Baek MC, Yea K. Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:19-31. [PMID: 38172594 PMCID: PMC10834411 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing the body's immune system to selectively target cancer cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that immune cell-derived exosomes modulate the immune system to generate effective antitumor immune responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural exosomes are limited in clinical application due to their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient antitumor capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications to magnify their intrinsic functions, load different therapeutic cargoes, and preferentially target tumor sites. These engineered exosomes exert potent antitumor effects and have great potential for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies to attain the desired performance. Moreover, we systematically summarize the tumor-controlling properties of engineered immune cell-derived exosomes in innate and adaptive immunity. Collectively, this review provides a comprehensive and intuitive guide for harnessing the potential of modified immune cell-derived exosome-based approaches, offering valuable strategies to enhance and optimize cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inseong Jung
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Shin
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 43024, Republic of Korea.
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Ingelman-Sundberg HM, Blixt L, Wullimann D, Wu J, Gao Y, Healy K, Muschiol S, Bogdanovic G, Åberg M, Kjellander C, Grifoni A, Sette A, Aleman S, Chen P, Blennow O, Hansson L, Ljunggren HG, Chen MS, Buggert M, Österborg A. Systemic and mucosal adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 during the Omicron wave in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica 2024; 109:646-651. [PMID: 37646668 PMCID: PMC10828773 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.282894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm.
| | - Lisa Blixt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm
| | - David Wullimann
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Jinghua Wu
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Katie Healy
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge
| | - Sandra Muschiol
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Gordana Bogdanovic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Mikael Åberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Soo Aleman
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm
| | - Puran Chen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Ola Blennow
- Dept of Infectious Diseases, Dept of Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital and Dept of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Lotta Hansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | | | - Marcus Buggert
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
| | - Anders Österborg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Haematology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm
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DePeaux K, Delgoffe GM. Integrating innate and adaptive immunity in oncolytic virus therapy. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:135-146. [PMID: 37880008 PMCID: PMC10922271 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses engineered to lyse tumor cells, work hand in hand with the immune response. While for decades the field isolated lytic capability and viral spread to increase response to virotherapy, there is now a wealth of research that demonstrates the importance of immunity in the OV mechanism of action. In this review, we will cover how OVs interact with the innate immune system to fully activate the adaptive immune system and yield exceptional tumor clearances as well as look forward at combination therapies which can improve clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin DePeaux
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Zhou G, Zhang L, Shao S. The application of MARCO for immune regulation and treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:246. [PMID: 38300385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage receptor with collagen structure (MARCO) is a member of scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) and shares structural and functional similarities with SR-A1. In recent years, many studies have shown that MARCO can trigger an immune response and has therapeutic potential as a target for immunotherapy. Studies have shown that alterations in MARCO expression following pathogen infection cause changes in the functions of innate and adaptive immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells, affecting the body's immune response to invading pathogens; thus, MARCO plays a crucial role in triggering the immune response, bridging innate and adaptive immunity, and eliminating pathogens. This paper is a comprehensive summary of the recent research on MARCO. This review focuses on the multiple functions of MARCO, including adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion with special emphasis on the complex interactions between MARCO and various types of cells involved in the immune response, as well as possible immune-related mechanisms. In summary, in this review, we discuss the structure and function of MARCO and its role in the immune response and highlight the therapeutic potential of MARCO as a target for immunotherapy. We hope that this review provides a theoretical basis for future research on MARCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Vocational College of City Economy, No. 12, Wenming Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Suxia Shao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361, Zhongshan East Road, Chang'an District, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Huete-Carrasco J, Lynch RI, Ward RW, Lavelle EC. Rational design of polymer-based particulate vaccine adjuvants. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350512. [PMID: 37994660 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is considered one of the major milestones in modern medicine, facilitating the control and eradication of life-threatening infectious diseases. Vaccine adjuvants are a key component of many vaccines, serving to steer antigen-specific immune responses and increase their magnitude. Despite major advances in the field of adjuvant research over recent decades, our understanding of their mechanism of action remains incomplete. This hinders our capacity to further improve these adjuvant technologies, so addressing how adjuvants induce and control the induction of innate and adaptive immunity is a priority. Investigating how adjuvant physicochemical properties, such as size and charge, exert immunomodulatory effects can provide valuable insights and serve as the foundation for the rational design of vaccine adjuvants. Most clinically applied adjuvants are particulate in nature and polymeric particulate adjuvants present advantages due to stability, biocompatibility profiles, and flexibility in terms of formulation. These properties can impact on antigen release kinetics and biodistribution, cellular uptake and targeting, and drainage to the lymphatics, consequently dictating the induction of innate, cellular, and humoral adaptive immunity. A current focus is to apply rational design principles to the development of adjuvants capable of eliciting robust cellular immune responses including CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell and Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell responses, which are required for vaccines against intracellular pathogens and cancer. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of how particulate adjuvants, especially polymer-based particulates, modulate immune responses and how this can be used as a guide for improved adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Huete-Carrasco
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin I Lynch
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ross W Ward
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Tsankov BK, Luchak A, Carr C, Philpott DJ. The effects of NOD-like receptors on adaptive immune responses. Biomed J 2024; 47:100637. [PMID: 37541620 PMCID: PMC10796267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been appreciated that cues from the innate immune system orchestrate downstream adaptive immune responses. Although previous work has focused on the roles of Toll-like receptors in this regard, relatively little is known about how Nod-like receptors instruct adaptive immunity. Here we review the functions of different members of the Nod-like receptor family in orchestrating effector and anamnestic adaptive immune responses. In particular, we address the ways in which inflammasome and non-inflammasome members of this family affect adaptive immunity under various infectious and environmental contexts. Furthermore, we identify several key mechanistic questions that studies in this field have left unaddressed. Our aim is to provide a framework through which immunologists in the adaptive immune field may view their questions through an innate-immune lens and vice-versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan K Tsankov
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Luchak
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Carr
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Hartland EL, Shin S. Editorial overview: Getting the house in order: Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of innate immune defence. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 86:102411. [PMID: 38428280 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Hartland
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sunny Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a widely distributed cation channel activated by extracellular ATP (eATP) with exclusive peculiarities with respect to other P2XRs. In recent years, P2X7R has been shown to regulate the adaptive immune response by conditioning T cell signaling and activation as well as polarization, lineage stability, cell death, and function in tissues. Here we revise experimental observations in this field, with a focus on adaptive immunity at mucosal sites, particularly in the gut, where eATP is hypothesized to act in the reciprocal conditioning of the host immune system and commensal microbiota to promote mutualism. The importance of P2X7R activity in the intestine is consistent with the transcriptional upregulation of P2xr7 gene by retinoic acid, a metabolite playing a key role in mucosal immunity. We emphasize the function of the eATP/P2X7R axis in controlling T follicular helper (Tfh) cell in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and, consequently, T-dependent secretory IgA (SIgA), with a focus on high-affinity SIgA-mediated protection from enteropathogens and shaping of a beneficial microbiota for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grassi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Rebecca Marino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Wang T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yao Y. Role of trained innate immunity against mucosal cancer. Curr Opin Virol 2024; 64:101387. [PMID: 38364654 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2024.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are frequent targets of both primary and metastatic cancers. This has highlighted the significance of both innate and adaptive anti-cancer immunity at mucosal sites. Trained innate immunity (TII) is an emerging concept defined as enhanced reactivity of innate leukocytes long after a previous stimulation that induces prolonged epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic changes. Trained innate leukocytes can respond to heterologous targets due to their lacking of antigen-specificity in most cases. Emerging experimental and clinical data suggest that certain microbes or their products induce TII in mucosal-associated innate leukocytes which endows heterologous anti-tumor innate immunity, in both prophylactic and therapeutic scenarios. In this mini-review, we summarize updated findings on the significance of TII in mucosal cancers. We also attempt to raise a few key questions critical to our further understanding on the roles of TII in mucosal cancers, and to the potential application of TII as anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jinjing Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yushi Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
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Hasan MM, Saha CK, Hamidullah Mehedi HM, Chakma K, Salauddin A, Hossain MS, Sharmen F, Rafiqul Islam SM, Tanni AA, Yasmin F, Akash A, Hossain ME, Miah M, Biswas SK, Sultana N, Mannan A. Genetic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in Southern Bangladesh. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1171. [PMID: 38415978 PMCID: PMC10845815 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a severe impact on population health. The genetic determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in southern Bangladesh are not well understood. METHODS This study aimed to determine the genomic variation in SARS-CoV-2 genomes that have evolved over 2 years of the pandemic in southern Bangladesh and their association with disease outcomes and virulence of this virus. We investigated demographic variables, disease outcomes of COVID-19 patients and genomic features of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS We observed that the disease severity was significantly higher in adults (85.3%) than in children (14.7%), because the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) diminishes with ageing that causes differences in innate and adaptive immunity. The clade GK (n = 66) was remarkable between June 2021 and January 2022. Because of the mutation burden, another clade, GRA started a newly separated clustering in December 2021. The burden was significantly higher in GRA (1.5-fold) highlighted in mild symptoms of COVID-19 patients than in other clades (GH, GK, and GR). Mutations were accumulated mainly in S (22.15 mutations per segment) and ORF1ab segments. Missense (67.5%) and synonymous (18.31%) mutations were highly noticed in adult patients with mild cases rather than severe cases, especially in ORF1ab segments. Moreover, we observed many unique mutations in S protein in mild cases compared to severe, and homology modeling revealed that those might cause more folding in the protein's alpha helix and beta sheets. CONCLUSION Our study identifies some risk factors such as age comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease) that are associated with severe COVID-19, providing valuable insight regarding prioritizing vaccination for high-risk individuals and allocating health care and resources. The findings of this work outlined the knowledge and mutational basis of SARS-CoV-2 for the next treatment steps. Further studies are needed to confirm the effects of structural and functional proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in detail for monitoring the emergence of new variants in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | | | | | - Kallyan Chakma
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Asma Salauddin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchBangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Farjana Sharmen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - S. M. Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Afroza Akter Tanni
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Farhana Yasmin
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | - Al‐Shahriar Akash
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
| | | | - Mojnu Miah
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchBangladesh (icddr,b)DhakaBangladesh
| | - Sanjoy Kanti Biswas
- Department of MicrobiologyChattogram Maa‐O‐Shishu HospitalChattogramBangladesh
| | - Nahid Sultana
- Department of MicrobiologyChattogram Maa‐O‐Shishu HospitalChattogramBangladesh
| | - Adnan Mannan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
- Next Generation Sequencing, Research and Innovation Laboratory Chittagong (NRICh), Biotechnology Research and Innovation Center (BRIC)University of ChittagongChattogramBangladesh
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La Barbera L, Rizzo C, Camarda F, Miceli G, Tuttolomondo A, Guggino G. The Contribution of Innate Immunity in Large-Vessel Vasculitis: Detangling New Pathomechanisms beyond the Onset of Vascular Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:271. [PMID: 38334663 PMCID: PMC10854891 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) are autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases focused on vascular inflammation. The central core of the intricate immunological and molecular network resides in the disruption of the "privileged immune state" of the arterial wall. The outbreak, initially primed by dendritic cells (DC), is then continuously powered in a feed-forward loop by the intimate cooperation between innate and adaptive immunity. If the role of adaptive immunity has been largely elucidated, knowledge of the critical function of innate immunity in LVV is still fragile. A growing body of evidence has strengthened the active role of innate immunity players and their key signaling pathways in orchestrating the complex pathomechanisms underlying LVV. Besides DC, macrophages are crucial culprits in LVV development and participate across all phases of vascular inflammation, culminating in vessel wall remodeling. In recent years, the variety of potential pathogenic actors has expanded to include neutrophils, mast cells, and soluble mediators, including the complement system. Interestingly, new insights have recently linked the inflammasome to vascular inflammation, paving the way for its potential pathogenic role in LVV. Overall, these observations encourage a new conceptual approach that includes a more in-depth study of innate immunity pathways in LVV to guide future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia La Barbera
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (C.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (C.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Federica Camarda
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (C.R.); (F.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Miceli
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Stroke, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialized Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Stroke, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Specialized Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (G.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Section, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (L.L.B.); (C.R.); (F.C.)
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Aguilar Ticona JP, Xiao M, Li D, Nery N, Hitchings M, Belitardo EMMA, Fofana MO, Victoriano R, Cruz JS, de Moraes L, Strobel IM, Silva JJ, Sena do Aragão Filho A, Ribeiro GS, Reis MG, Costa F, Khouri R, Ko AI, Cummings DAT. Extensive transmission of SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant in a population with high levels of hybrid immunity: A prevalence survey. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:159-167. [PMID: 38070701 PMCID: PMC10784150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1* variant rapidly spread globally in late 2022, posing a challenge due to its increased immune evasion. METHODS We conducted a prevalence survey in Brazil from November 16 to December 22, 2022, as part of a cohort study. We conducted interviews and collected nasal samples for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing and whole-genome sequencing. Cumulative incidence was estimated using RT-PCR positivity, cycle threshold values, and external data on the dynamics of RT-PCR positivity following infection. RESULTS Among 535 participants, 54% had documented SARS-CoV-2 exposure before this outbreak and 74% had received COVID-19 vaccination. In this study, 14.8% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with BQ.1* identified in 90.7% of cases. Using case data and cycle threshold values, cumulative incidence was estimated at 56% (95% confidence interval, 36-88%). Of the 79 positive participants, 48.1% had a symptomatic illness, with a lower proportion fulfilling the World Health Organization COVID-19 case definition compared to prior Omicron waves. No participants required medical attention. CONCLUSIONS Despite high population-level hybrid immunity, the BQ.1* variant attacked 56% of our population. Lower disease severity was associated with BQ.1* compared to prior Omicron variants. Hybrid immunity may provide protection against future SARS-CoV-2 variants but in this case was not able to prevent widespread transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Aguilar Ticona
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States.
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States; Public Health Emergency Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nivison Nery
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States
| | - Matt Hitchings
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | | | - Mariam O Fofana
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States
| | - Renato Victoriano
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Cruz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Laise de Moraes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Icaro Morais Strobel
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Jessica Jesus Silva
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme S Ribeiro
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mitermayer G Reis
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States
| | - Ricardo Khouri
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Albert I Ko
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, United States
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
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Kattner AA. Evolutionary edge: NOD-like receptors in immunity. Biomed J 2024; 47:100702. [PMID: 38301953 PMCID: PMC10885312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2024.100702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This issue of the Biomedical Journal delves into the multifaceted roles of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in immunity, examining their subfamilies and functions within innate and adaptive immunity, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, and mitophagy regulation. In this issue the dynamics of mRNA vaccines are explored, as well as the synergistic effects of a ketogenic diet with anti-tumor therapies, the roles of curcumin and RANKL in osteoclastogenesis, and the validation of a rapid diagnostic test for an oral cancer biomarker. Additionally, advancements in ocular care are highlighted, featuring a novel prodrug targeting corneal neovascularization, and discussing the efficacy of dexamethasone implants against macular edema. Concluding, further insights into the impact of sweetened foods on child development are given.
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Rimmer L, Mann DA, Sayer AA, Amarnath S, Granic A. A silver bullet for ageing medicine?: clinical relevance of T-cell checkpoint receptors in normal human ageing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360141. [PMID: 38361938 PMCID: PMC10867193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence describes dysregulation of the immune system with ageing manifested in both the innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in T-cell checkpoint signaling. Through complex and nuanced process, T-cells lose excitatory signaling pathways and upregulate their inhibitory signaling, leading to ineffective immune responses that contribute to the formation of the ageing phenotype. Here we expand on the expression, function, and clinical potential of targeting the T-cell checkpoint signaling in age and highlight interventions offering the most benefits to older adults' health. Notably, modifications in vaccination such as with mTOR inhibitors show immediate clinical relevance and good tolerability. Other proposed treatments, including therapies with monoclonal antibodies fail to show clinical efficacy or tolerability needed for implementation at present. Although T-cell co-signaling fits a valuable niche for translational scientists to manage immunosenescence, future study would benefit from the inclusion of older adults with multiple long-term conditions and polypharmacy, ensuring better applicability to actual patients seen in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rimmer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Kim M, Cheng WA, Congrave-Wilson Z, Marentes Ruiz CJ, Turner L, Mendieta S, Jumarang J, Del Valle J, Lee Y, Fabrizio T, Allen EK, Thomas PG, Webby R, Gordon A, Pannaraj PS. Comparisons of Pediatric and Adult SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibodies up to 6 Months after Infection, Vaccination, or Hybrid Immunity. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024; 13:91-99. [PMID: 38016076 PMCID: PMC10824260 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characterization of longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in children following infection and vaccination is needed to inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine policy decisions for children, which may differ from adults. METHODS We enrolled individuals at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination for longitudinal serological testing and compared SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG and neutralization activity in children and adults stratified by infection and vaccination status using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and virus neutralization assays. RESULTS Between June 2020 and December 2022, we collected sera from 669 participants aged 40 days to 55 years, including 330 unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 180 vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals, and 159 vaccinated previously infected individuals. Half (n = 330, 49.3%) were children. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and neutralization activity in children < 12 years old in response to infection persisted at higher levels than those of adults through at least 6 months (spike-specific IgG levels, 2.05 [95% CI: 1.4-3.1] times higher than adults; neutralizing activity, median 88.8 vs 75.2%, respectively, p = .04). In addition, all pediatric participants had significantly higher IgG levels compared with adults at 6 months following infection or vaccination, regardless of prior infection status. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG responses in previously infected individuals persisted at higher levels than those from infection alone at 6 months (median AUC, children 5-11 years old, 9115 vs 368; adolescents 3613 vs 475; adults 1956 vs 263, all p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the robust and persistent immunologic response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children and emphasize the benefit of vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wesley A Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zion Congrave-Wilson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Turner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shirley Mendieta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jaycee Jumarang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Del Valle
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yesun Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Annese T, Ingravallo G, Specchia G. Macrophages and angiogenesis in human lymphomas. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38285283 PMCID: PMC10824884 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A link exists between chronic inflammation and cancer and immune cells, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. In hematologic malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a significant part of the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are classified into M1/classically activated and M2/alternatively activated. In tumors, TAMs are mainly constituted by M2 subtype, which promotes angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, repair, and remodeling, suppressing adaptive immunity, increasing tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, histological malignancy, and poor clinical prognosis. The aim of our review article is to define the role of TAMs and their relationship with the angiogenesis in patients with lymphoma reporting both an analysis of main published data and those emerging from our studies. Finally, we have discussed the anti-angiogenic approach in the treatment of lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
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82
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P. Experimental and clinical evidence in favour of an effective immune stimulation in ER-positive, endocrine-dependent metastatic breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1225175. [PMID: 38332913 PMCID: PMC10850262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In ER+ breast cancer, usually seen as the low immunogenic type, the main mechanisms favouring the immune response or tumour growth and immune evasion in the tumour microenvironment (TME) have been examined. The principal implications of targeting the oestrogen-mediated pathways were also considered. Recent experimental findings point out that anti-oestrogens contribute to the reversion of the immunosuppressive TME. Moreover, some preliminary clinical data with the hormone-immunotherapy association in a metastatic setting support the notion that the reversion of immune suppression in TME is likely favoured by the G0-G1 state induced by anti-oestrogens. Following immune stimulation, the reverted immune suppression allows the boosting of the effector cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. This suggests that ER+ breast cancer is a molecular subtype where a successful active immune manipulation can be attained. If this is confirmed by a prospective multicentre trial, which is expected in light of the provided evidence, the proposed hormone immunotherapy can also be tested in the adjuvant setting. Furthermore, the different rationale suggests a synergistic activity of our proposed immunotherapy with the currently recommended regimen consisting of antioestrogens combined with cyclin kinase inhibitors. Overall, this lays the foundation for a shift in clinical practice within this most prevalent molecular subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council and Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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83
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Jeyachandran S, Radhakrishnan A, Ragavendran C. Harnessing the power of mollusc lectins as immuno-protective biomolecules. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:182. [PMID: 38261113 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancement of molecular research on macromolecules has contributed to the discovery of 'Lectin', a carbohydrate-binding protein which specifically interacts with receptors on the surface of glycans and regulates various cellular activities thereby stimulating immunological functions. Considering the wide variety of sources and immunological significance, research has led to the discovery of lectins in invertebrate molluscs. Such lectins in molluscs mediate active immune response as they lack adaptive immunity. Phylum Mollusca is identified with different types of lectins such as C-lectin, Galectin, P-lectin, I-lectin, and H-lectin, along with other immunologically significant lectin molecules such as F- lectin, R-lectin, ficolins, chitinase like lectin etc., all of these with specific ligand binding and structural diversity. Molluscan C-type lectins are the most functional ones that increase the activity of phagocytic cells through specific carbohydrate binding of antigenic ligands and haemocyte adhesion thereby enhancing the immune response. Helix pomatia agglutinin and Helix aspersa agglutinin are the two H-lectins that were identified within molluscs that could even target cancer-progressing cells through specific binding. Also, these lectins identified in molluscs are proven to be efficient in antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. These insights attract researchers to identify novel lectins in molluscs and their characterization that play a key role in protection against diseases. This review discusses the structural features of mollusc lectins, their specific binding, molecular interactions and their immunological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakamavalli Jeyachandran
- Lab in Biotechnology & Biosignal Transduction, Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
| | - Akshaya Radhakrishnan
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, National College Autonomous, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620001, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Cardiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
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84
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Hu Z, Shi L, Xie J, Fan XY. Editorial: Innate and adaptive immunity against tuberculosis infection: diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366976. [PMID: 38322257 PMCID: PMC10844819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanbo Shi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Jianping Xie
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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85
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Veshkini A, Dengler F, Bachmann L, Liermann W, Helm C, Ulrich R, Delling C, Kühn C, Hammon HM. Cryptosporidium parvum infection alters the intestinal mucosa transcriptome in neonatal calves: implications for immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1351427. [PMID: 38318169 PMCID: PMC10839036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1351427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of infectious diarrhea in newborn calves is the apicomplexan protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum). However, little is known about its immunopathogenesis. Using next generation sequencing, this study investigated the immune transcriptional response to C. parvum infection in neonatal calves. Neonatal male Holstein-Friesian calves were either orally infected (N = 5) or not (CTRL group, N = 5) with C. parvum oocysts (gp60 subtype IIaA15G2R1) at day 1 of life and slaughtered on day 7 after infection. Total RNA was extracted from the jejunal mucosa for short read. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between infected and CTRL groups were assessed using DESeq2 at a false discovery rate < 0.05. Infection did not affect plasma immunohematological parameters, including neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, leucocyte, thrombocyte, and erythrocyte counts as well as hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration on day 7 post infection. The immune-related DEGs were selected according to the UniProt immune system process database and were used for gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis using Cytoscape (v3.9.1). Based on GO analysis, DEGs annotated to mucosal immunity, recognizing and presenting antigens, chemotaxis of neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, B and T cells mediated by signaling pathways including toll like receptors, interleukins, tumor necrosis factor, T cell receptor, and NF-KB were upregulated, while markers of macrophages chemotaxis and cytosolic pattern recognition were downregulated. This study provides a holistic snapshot of immune-related pathways induced by C. parvum in calves, including novel and detailed feedback and feedforward regulatory mechanisms establishing the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune response in neonate calves, which could be utilized further to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Veshkini
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Dengler
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Bachmann
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Applied Science Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Wendy Liermann
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christiane Helm
- Institutue for Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institutue for Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cora Delling
- Institute of Veterinary Parasitology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christa Kühn
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Agricultural and Environmental Faculty, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald M. Hammon
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
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86
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Lauricella M, Di Liberto D. Special Issue: "Inflammatory Signaling Pathways Involved in Gastrointestinal Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1287. [PMID: 38279287 PMCID: PMC10816278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a defensive response of the innate and adaptive immune systems against injury and/or harmful microorganisms to restore homeostasis [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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87
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Aloi N, Drago G, Ruggieri S, Cibella F, Colombo P, Longo V. Extracellular Vesicles and Immunity: At the Crossroads of Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1205. [PMID: 38256278 PMCID: PMC10816988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial mediators in intercellular communication, playing pivotal roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes, notably within the realm of immunity. These roles go beyond mere cellular interactions, as extracellular vesicles stand as versatile and dynamic components of immune regulation, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Their multifaceted involvement includes immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and immunomodulation, emphasising their significance in maintaining immune homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of immune-related disorders. Extracellular vesicles participate in immunomodulation by delivering a wide array of bioactive molecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, thereby influencing gene expression in target cells. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review that encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies aimed at elucidating the mechanisms through which EVs modulate human immunity. Understanding the intricate interplay between extracellular vesicles and immunity is imperative for unveiling novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools applicable to various immunological disorders, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Furthermore, recognising the potential of EVs as versatile drug delivery vehicles holds significant promise for the future of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council of Italy (IRIB-CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (N.A.); (G.D.); (S.R.); (F.C.); (V.L.)
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88
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Kloc M, Halasa M, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Invertebrate Immunity, Natural Transplantation Immunity, Somatic and Germ Cell Parasitism, and Transposon Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1072. [PMID: 38256145 PMCID: PMC10815962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
While the vertebrate immune system consists of innate and adaptive branches, invertebrates only have innate immunity. This feature makes them an ideal model system for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of innate immunity sensu stricto without reciprocal interferences from adaptive immunity. Although invertebrate immunity is evolutionarily older and a precursor of vertebrate immunity, it is far from simple. Despite lacking lymphocytes and functional immunoglobulin, the invertebrate immune system has many sophisticated mechanisms and features, such as long-term immune memory, which, for decades, have been exclusively attributed to adaptive immunity. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of invertebrate immunity, including the epigenetic foundation of innate memory, the transgenerational inheritance of immunity, genetic immunity against invading transposons, the mechanisms of self-recognition, natural transplantation, and germ/somatic cell parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marta Halasa
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute (WIM-PIB), Szaserow 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland;
- Dynamics and Mechanics of Epithelia Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Transplant Immunology, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.H.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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89
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Liu X, Yao S, Feng Y, Li P, Li Y, Xia S. Construction of a Novel Damage-Associated Molecular-Pattern-Related Signature to Assess Lung Adenocarcinoma's Prognosis and Immune Landscape. Biomolecules 2024; 14:108. [PMID: 38254708 PMCID: PMC10813434 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic death (ICD) stimulates adaptive immunity and affects immunotherapeutic efficacy, an important part of which is damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, the function of these DAMPs for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains obscure. We initially found differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with prognostic significance related to DAMPs with the TCGA database and then used the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to create a risk signature strongly correlated with overall survival (OS) with eight DEGs. Validation was performed externally using the external data set GSE68465. Lower-risk LUAD patients were found to be more chemotherapy-resistant and enriched for more immune-related pathways than those with higher risk scores, and patients with different risks showed different levels of immune cell infiltration. PANX1, a crucial gene closely associated with lung adenocarcinoma, was identified using the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and experiments revealed that PANX1 promotes the proliferation as well as invasion of LUAD cells. Furthermore, PANX1 was found to be positively correlated with CD274, CD276, and M2 macrophage markers. We developed and validated an entirely new gene signature related to DAMPs that may be useful for LUAD patient prognosis, immune microenvironment, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity prediction. The results may also guide clinical immunotherapy and chemotherapy approaches for LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shu Xia
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (X.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Y.L.)
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90
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Wei L, Dong C, Zhu W, Wang BZ. mRNA Vaccine Nanoplatforms and Innate Immunity. Viruses 2024; 16:120. [PMID: 38257820 PMCID: PMC10820759 DOI: 10.3390/v16010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccine technology has been significantly developed and enhanced, particularly highlighted by the authorization of mRNA vaccines for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. Various biomaterials are developed in nano-scales and applied as mRNA vaccine delivery platforms. However, how these mRNA nanoplatforms influence immune responses has not been thoroughly studied. Hence, we have reviewed the current understanding of various mRNA vaccine platforms. We discussed the possible pathways through which these platforms moderate the host's innate immunity and contribute to the development of adaptive immunity. We shed light on their development in reducing biotoxicity and enhancing antigen delivery efficiency. Beyond the built-in adjuvanticity of mRNA vaccines, we propose that supplementary adjuvants may be required to fine-tune and precisely control innate immunity and subsequent adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (L.W.); (C.D.); (W.Z.)
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91
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Devender M, Sebastian P, Maurya VK, Kumar K, Anand A, Namdeo M, Maurya R. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of tuzin protein as a vaccine candidate in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1294397. [PMID: 38274802 PMCID: PMC10808571 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is referred to as the most severe and fatal type of leishmaniasis basically caused by Leishmania donovani and L. infantum. The most effective method for preventing the spread of the disease is vaccination. Till today, there is no promising licensed vaccination for human VL. Hence, investigation for vaccines is necessary to enrich the therapeutic repertoire against leishmaniasis. Tuzin is a rare trans-membrane protein that has been reported in Trypanosoma cruzi with unknown function. However, tuzin is not characterized in Leishmania parasites. In this study, we for the first time demonstrated that tuzin protein was expressed in both stages (promastigote and amastigote) of L. donovani parasites. In-silico studies revealed that tuzin has potent antigenic properties. Therefore, we analyzed the immunogenicity of tuzin protein and immune response in BALB/c mice challenged with the L. donovani parasite. We observed that tuzin-vaccinated mice have significantly reduced parasite burden in the spleen and liver compared with the control. The number of granulomas in the liver was also significantly decreased compared with the control groups. We further measured the IgG2a antibody level, a marker of Th1 immune response in VL, which was significantly higher in the serum of immunized mice when compared with the control. Splenocytes stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) displayed a significant increase in NO and ROS levels compared with the control groups. Tuzin-immunized and parasite-challenged mice exhibit a notable rise in the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio by significantly suppressing IL-10 expression level, an immunosuppressive cytokine that inhibits leishmanicidal immune function and encourages disease progression. In conclusion, tuzin immunizations substantially increase the protective immune response in L. donovani-challenged mice groups compared with control.
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92
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Hazenberg P, Robinson RE, Farrar M, Solorzano C, Hyder-Wright A, Liatsikos K, Brunning J, Fleet H, Bettam A, Howard A, Kenny-Nyazika T, Urban B, Mitsi E, El Safadi D, Davies K, Lesosky M, Gordon SB, Ferreira DM, Collins AM. Serotype 3 Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) study protocol: dose ranging and reproducibility in a healthy volunteer population (challenge 3). BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075948. [PMID: 38199622 PMCID: PMC10806732 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal disease rates have declined for many vaccine-type serotypes. However, serotype 3 (SPN3) continues to cause significant disease and is identified in colonisation epidemiological studies as one of the top circulating serotypes in adults in the UK. Consequently, new vaccines that provide greater protection against SPN3 colonisation/carriage are urgently needed. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) model is a unique method of determining pneumococcal colonisation rates, understanding acquired immunity, and testing vaccines in a cost-effective manner. To enhance the development of effective pneumococcal vaccines against SPN3, we aim to develop a new relevant and safe SPN3 EHPC model with high attack rates which could be used to test vaccines using small sample size. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a human challenge study to establish a new SPN3 EHPC model, consisting of two parts. In the dose-ranging/safety study, cohorts of 10 healthy participants will be challenged with escalating doses of SPN3. If first challenge does not lead into colonisation, participants will receive a second challenge 2 weeks after. Experimental nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation will be determined using nasal wash sampling. Using the dose that results in ≥50% of participants being colonised, with a high safety profile, we will complete the cohort with another 33 participants to check for reproducibility of the colonisation rate. The primary outcome of this study is to determine the optimal SPN3 dose and inoculation regime to establish the highest rates of NP colonisation in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes include determining density and duration of experimental SPN3 NP colonisation and characterising mucosal and systemic immune responses to SPN3 challenge. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the NHS Research and Ethics Committee (reference 22/NW/0051). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports will be made available to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Hazenberg
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ryan E Robinson
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Madlen Farrar
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carla Solorzano
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Hyder-Wright
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jaye Brunning
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hannah Fleet
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Bettam
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ashleigh Howard
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Britta Urban
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Mitsi
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dima El Safadi
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kelly Davies
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Global Health Trials Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen B Gordon
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Daniela M Ferreira
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea M Collins
- Liverpool Vaccine Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Department, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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93
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Heyndrickx I, Deswarte K, Verstraete K, Verschueren KHG, Smole U, Aegerter H, Dansercoer A, Hammad H, Savvides SN, Lambrecht BN. Ym1 protein crystals promote type 2 immunity. eLife 2024; 12:RP90676. [PMID: 38194250 PMCID: PMC10945506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous protein crystallization is a rare event, yet protein crystals are frequently found in eosinophil-rich inflammation. In humans, Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) are made from galectin-10 (Gal10) protein, an abundant protein in eosinophils. Although mice do not encode Gal10 in their genome, they do form pseudo-CLCs, made from the chitinase-like proteins Ym1 and/or Ym2, encoded by Chil3 and Chil4 and made by myeloid and epithelial cells respectively. Here, we investigated the biological effects of pseudo-CLCs since their function is currently unknown. We produced recombinant Ym1 crystals which were shown to have identical crystal packing and structure by X-ray crystallography as in vivo native crystals derived from murine lung. When administered to the airways of mice, crystalline but not soluble Ym1 stimulated innate and adaptive immunity and acted as a type 2 immune adjuvant for eosinophilic inflammation via triggering of dendritic cells (DCs). Murine Ym1 protein crystals found at sites of eosinophilic inflammation reinforce type 2 immunity and could serve as a surrogate model for studying the biology of human CLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Heyndrickx
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kenneth Verstraete
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Koen HG Verschueren
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ursula Smole
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Helena Aegerter
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Ann Dansercoer
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Savvas N Savvides
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchGhentBelgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
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94
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He Y, Cheng C, Liu Y, Chen FM, Chen Y, Yang C, Zhao Z, Dawulieti J, Shen Z, Zhang Y, Du JZ, Guan S, Shao D. Intravenous Senescent Erythrocyte Vaccination Modulates Adaptive Immunity and Splenic Complement Production. ACS Nano 2024; 18:470-482. [PMID: 38146673 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of vaccines to the spleen remains a challenge. Inspired by the erythrophagocytotic process in the spleen, we herein report that intravenous administration of senescent erythrocyte-based vaccines profoundly alters their tropism toward splenic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for imprinting adaptive immune responses. Compared with subcutaneous inoculation, intravenous vaccination significantly upregulated splenic complement expression in vivo and demonstrated synergistic antibody killing in vitro. Consequently, intravenous senescent erythrocyte vaccination produces potent SARS-CoV-2 antibody-neutralizing effects, with potential protective immune responses. Moreover, the proposed senescent erythrocyte can deliver antigens from resected tumors and adjuvants to splenic APCs, thereby inducing a personalized immune reaction against tumor recurrence after surgery. Hence, our findings suggest that senescent erythrocyte-based vaccines can specifically target splenic APCs and evoke adaptive immunity and complement production, broadening the tools for modulating immunity, helping to understand adaptive response mechanisms to senescent erythrocytes better, and developing improved vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Chuanxu Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fang-Man Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Yinglu Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510665, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jianati Dawulieti
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
| | - Zikun Shen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yunjiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jin-Zhi Du
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Shan Guan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan Shao
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511442, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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95
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Xu SJ, Chen JH, Chang S, Li HL. The role of miRNAs in T helper cell development, activation, fate decisions and tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1320305. [PMID: 38264670 PMCID: PMC10803515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1320305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
T helper (Th) cells are central members of adaptive immunity and comprise the last line of defense against pathogen infection and malignant cell invasion by secreting specific cytokines. These cytokines then attract or induce the activation and differentiation of other immune cells, including antibody-producing B cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Therefore, the bidirectional communication between Th cells and tumor cells and their positioning within the tumor microenvironment (TME), especially the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), sculpt the tumor immune landscape, which affects disease initiation and progression. The type, number, and condition of Th cells in the TME and TIME strongly affect tumor immunity, which is precisely regulated by key effectors, such as granzymes, perforins, cytokines, and chemokines. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of Th cells. In this review, we discuss the role of miRNAs in regulating Th cell mediated adaptive immunity, focusing on the development, activation, fate decisions, and tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jun Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Medical Device Engineering Research Center of Interventional Therapy for Non-vascular Tumors, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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96
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, Palomares F, Alba G, Santa-María C, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V, López-Enríquez S. Dendritic cells: the yin and yang in disease progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1321051. [PMID: 38239364 PMCID: PMC10794555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity. DCs have been historically considered as the most effective and potent cell population to capture, process and present antigens to activate naïve T cells and originate favorable immune responses in many diseases, such as cancer. However, in the last decades, it has been observed that DCs not only promote beneficial responses, but also drive the initiation and progression of some pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In line with those notions, different therapeutic approaches have been tested to enhance or impair the concentration and role of the different DC subsets. The blockade of inhibitory pathways to promote DCs or DC-based vaccines have been successfully assessed in cancer, whereas the targeting of DCs to inhibit their functionality has proved to be favorable in IBD. In this review, we (a) described the general role of DCs, (b) explained the DC subsets and their role in immunogenicity, (c) analyzed the role of DCs in cancer and therapeutic approaches to promote immunogenic DCs and (d) analyzed the role of DCs in IBD and therapeutic approaches to reduced DC-induced inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to highlight the "yin-yang" role of DCs to improve the understand of this type of cells in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisca Palomares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Clinical Oncology Dept. Medicine Department, University of Seville, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Victor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Soledad López-Enríquez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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97
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Detsika MG, Palamaris K, Dimopoulou I, Kotanidou A, Orfanos SE. The complement cascade in lung injury and disease. Respir Res 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38178176 PMCID: PMC10768165 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system is an important arm of immune defense bringing innate and adaptive immunity. Although originally regarded as a major complementary defense mechanism against pathogens, continuously emerging evidence has uncovered a central role of this complex system in several diseases including lung pathologies. MAIN BODY Complement factors such as anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, their receptors C3aR, C5aR and C5aR2 as well as complement inhibitory proteins CD55, CD46 and CD59 have been implicated in pathologies such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, interstitial lung diseases, and lung cancer. However, the exact mechanisms by which complement factors induce these diseases remain unclear. Several complement-targeting monoclonal antibodies are reported to treat lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS The complement system contributes to the progression of the acute and chronic lung diseases. Better understanding of the underlying mechanisms will provide groundwork to develop new strategy to target complement factors for treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Detsika
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
| | - K Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Dimopoulou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - A Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece
| | - S E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 3, Ploutarchou St., 10675, Athens, Greece.
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98
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Rannikko JH, Bono P, Hynninen J, Hollmén M. Bexmarilimab Activates Human Tumor-Associated Macrophages to Support Adaptive Immune Responses in Interferon-Poor Immune Microenvironments. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:48-59. [PMID: 37922365 PMCID: PMC10762336 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show substantially greater efficacy in inflamed tumors characterized by preexisting T-cell infiltration and IFN signaling than in noninflamed "cold" tumors, which often remain immunotherapy resistant. The cancer immunotherapy bexmarilimab, which inhibits the scavenger receptor Clever-1 to release macrophage immunosuppression and activate adaptive immunity, has shown treatment benefit in subsets of patients with advanced solid malignancies. However, the mechanisms that determine bexmarilimab therapy outcome in individual patients are unknown. Here we characterized bexmarilimab response in ovarian cancer ascites macrophages ex vivo using single-cell RNA sequencing and demonstrated increased IFN signaling and CXCL10 secretion following bexmarilimab treatment. We further showed that bexmarilimab was most efficacious in macrophages with low baseline IFN signaling, as chronic IFNγ priming abolished bexmarilimab-induced TNFα release. These results highlight an approach to target immunologically cold tumors and to increase the likelihood of their subsequent response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H. Rannikko
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Johanna Hynninen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Hollmén
- MediCity Research Laboratory and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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99
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Hunt KS, Alspach E. Battle Within the Sexes: Differences in Male and Female Immunity and the Impact on Antitumor Responses. Cancer Immunol Res 2024; 12:17-25. [PMID: 37939008 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-23-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays critical roles in regulating tumor progression. However, despite established differences in male and female immune cell function, our appreciation of sex as a variable in antitumor immune responses is only beginning to develop. Recent findings in mice have demonstrated for the first time that disparities in cancer incidence between the sexes are driven in part by differences in male and female T-cell responses. This review will discuss the growing body of literature demonstrating that male and female innate and adaptive immune responses against tumors are not equivalent and highlight the impact this may have on tumor responses to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey S Hunt
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Elise Alspach
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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100
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Puopolo T, Chen Y, Ma H, Liu C, Seeram NP. Exploring immunoregulatory properties of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract through integrated proteomics and in vitro assays. Food Funct 2024; 15:172-182. [PMID: 38019191 PMCID: PMC11017828 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has established a comprehensive program to investigate the phytochemical composition and nutritional/medicinal properties of phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX). Previous studies support MSX's therapeutic potential in diverse disease models, primarily through its anti-inflammatory effects. We recently demonstrated MSX's ability to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways and modulate inflammatory markers and proteins in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis mouse model. However, MSX's immunoregulatory properties remain unknown. Herein, we investigated MSX's immunoregulatory properties for the first time using an integrated approach, combining data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) strategies in a proteomic analysis of spleen tissue collected from the aforementioned peritonitis mouse model. Additionally, we conducted immune cell activation assays using macrophages and T lymphocytes. The DIA analysis unveiled a distinctive expression pattern involving three proteins-Krt83, Thoc2, and Vps16-which were present in both the control and MSX-treated groups but absent in the LPS-induced model group. Furthermore, proteins Ppih and Dpp9 exhibited significant reductions in the MSX-treated group. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that MSX may modulate several critical signaling pathways, exerting a suppressive effect on immune responses in various cell types involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. Our in vitro cell assays supported findings from the proteomics, revealing that MSX significantly reduced the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated human macrophage cells, as well as the levels of IL-2 in anti-CD3/anti-CD28-induced Jurkat T cells. Taken together, our investigations provide evidence that MSX exerts immune regulatory effects that impact both innate and adaptive immunity, which adds to the data supporting MSX's development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Puopolo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Navindra P Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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