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Shin D, Park SH, Choi YJ, Kim YH, Antika LD, Habibah NU, Kang MK, Kang YH. Dietary Compound Kaempferol Inhibits Airway Thickening Induced by Allergic Reaction in a Bovine Serum Albumin-Induced Model of Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29980-95. [PMID: 26694364 PMCID: PMC4691161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by aberrant airways including epithelial thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, and smooth muscle hypertrophy within the airway wall. The current study examined whether kaempferol inhibited mast cell degranulation and prostaglandin (PG) release leading to the development of aberrant airways, using an in vitro model of dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA)-sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells and an in vivo model of BSA-challenged asthmatic mice. Nontoxic kaempferol at 10-20 μM suppressed β-hexosaminidase release and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-mediated production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) in sensitized mast cells. Oral administration of ≤20 mg/kg kaempferol blocked bovine serum albumin (BSA) inhalation-induced epithelial cell excrescence and smooth muscle hypertrophy by attenuating the induction of COX2 and the formation of PGD2 and PGF2α, together with reducing the anti-α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in mouse airways. Kaempferol deterred the antigen-induced mast cell activation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) responsive to protein kinase Cμ (PKCμ) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Furthermore, the antigen-challenged activation of Syk-phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) pathway was dampened in kaempferol-supplemented mast cells. These results demonstrated that kaempferol inhibited airway wall thickening through disturbing Syk-PLCγ signaling and PKCμ-ERK-cPLA2-COX2 signaling in antigen-exposed mast cells. Thus, kaempferol may be a potent anti-allergic compound targeting allergic asthma typical of airway hyperplasia and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daekeun Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Sin-Hye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Yun-Ho Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Lucia Dwi Antika
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Nurina Umy Habibah
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Min-Kyung Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea.
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Zhang J, Xu X, Zhou D, Li H, You W, Wang Z, Chen G. Possible Role of Raf-1 Kinase in the Development of Cerebral Vasospasm and Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1527-1539. [PMID: 25367879 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the potential role of Raf-1 kinase in cerebral vasospasm (CVS) and early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Two experimental SAH models in rats, including cisterna magna double injection model for CVS study and prechiasmatic cistern single injection model for EBI study, were performed in this research. As a specific inhibitor of Raf-1, BAY 43-9006 was used in this study. In CVS study, time course study showed that the basilar artery exhibited vasospasm after SAH and became most severe at day 5, and the phosphorylation of Raf-1 had the same trends, while both vasospasm and the phosphorylation of Raf-1 induced by SAH were inhibited by BAY 43-9006 treatment. In addition, BAY 43-9006 treatment significantly reversed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the activation of NF-κB induced by SAH and decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of IL-6 and IL-1β. In EBI study, BAY 43-9006 treatment significantly suppressed the brain injury induced by SAH. Besides, BAY 43-9006 inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1 and ERK1/2; decreased the protein levels of COX-2, VEGF, and MMP-9; and reversed the activation of NF-κB induced by SAH. These results demonstrate that Raf-1 kinase contributes to CVS and EBI after SAH by enhancing the activation of the Raf-1/ERK1/2 and Raf-1/NF-κB signaling pathways, and that the inhibition of these pathways might offer new treatment strategies for CVS and EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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53
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Radhika NS, Govindaraj V, Sarangi SK, Rao AJ. Neonatal exposure to 17β-estradiol down-regulates the expression of synaptogenesis related genes in selected brain regions of adult female rats. Life Sci 2015; 141:1-7. [PMID: 26409312 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Administration of estradiol or compounds with estrogenic activity to newborn female rats results in irreversible masculinization as well as defeminization in the brain and the animals exhibit altered reproductive behavior as adults. The cellular and molecular mechanism involved in inducing the irreversible changes is largely unknown. In the present study, we have monitored the changes in the expression of selected synaptogenesis related genes in the sexually dimorphic brain regions such as POA, hypothalamus and pituitary following 17β-estradiol administration to neonatal female rats. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats which were administered 17β-estradiol on day 2 and 3 after birth were sacrificed 120days later and the expression levels of genes implicated in synaptogenesis were monitored by semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Since estradiol induced up-regulation of COX-2 in POA is a marker for estradiol induced masculinization as well as defeminization, in the present study only animals in which the increase in expression of COX-2 gene was observed in POA were included in the study. KEY FINDINGS Down-regulation of genes such as NMDA-2B, NETRIN-1, BDNF, MT-5 MMP and TNF-α was observed in the pre-optic area of neonatally E2 treated female rat brain but not in hypothalamus and pituitary compared to the vehicle- treated controls as assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest a possibility that down-regulation of genes associated with synaptogenesis in POA, may be resulting in disruption of the cyclical regulation of hormone secretion by pituitary the consequence of which could be infertility and altered reproductive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Radhika
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | | | - S K Sarangi
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
| | - A J Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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54
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Shao Y, Li P, Zhu ST, Yue JP, Ji XJ, He Z, Ma D, Wang L, Wang YJ, Zong Y, Wu YD, Zhang ST. Cyclooxygenase-2, a Potential Therapeutic Target, Is Regulated by miR-101 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140642. [PMID: 26556718 PMCID: PMC4640815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is known to promote the carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). There are no reports on whether microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate COX-2 expression in ESCC. This study investigated the effect of miR-101 on ESCC through modulating COX-2 expression in ESCC. METHODS Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantify miR-101 expression in ESCC clinical tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR-101 on ESCC progression were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwell migration and invasion assays, as well as by flow cytometry. The COX-2 and PEG2 levels were determined by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The luciferase reporter assay was used to verify COX-2 as a direct target of miR-101. The anti-tumor activity of miR-101 in vivo was investigated in a xenograft nude mouse model of ESCC. RESULTS Downregulation of miR-101 was confirmed through comparison of 30 pairs of ESCC tumor and adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.001), as well as in 11 ESCC cell lines and a human immortalized esophageal cell line (P < 0.001). Transfection of miR-101 in ESCC cell lines significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion (all P < 0.001). The antitumor effect of miR-101 was verified in a xenograft model. Furthermore, COX-2 was shown to be a target of miR-101. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-101 in ESCC inhibits proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, the miR-101/COX-2 pathway might be a therapeutic target in ESCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Down-Regulation
- Enzyme Induction/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy
- Esophagus/chemistry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Genes, Reporter
- Genetic Therapy
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- MicroRNAs/biosynthesis
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-tao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-ping Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-jun Ji
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-jun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-tian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Kang JY, Song SH, Yun J, Jeon MS, Kim HP, Han SW, Kim TY. Disruption of CTCF/cohesin-mediated high-order chromatin structures by DNA methylation downregulates PTGS2 expression. Oncogene 2015; 34:5677-84. [PMID: 25703332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin complex regulates gene transcription via high-order chromatin organization of the genome. De novo methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region is an epigenetic hallmark of gene silencing in cancer. Although the CTCF/cohesin complex preferentially targets hypomethylated DNA, it remains unclear whether the CTCF/cohesin-mediated high-order chromatin structure is affected by DNA methylation during tumorigenesis. We found that DNA methylation downregulates the expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), which is an inducible, rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, by disrupting CTCF/cohesin-mediated chromatin looping. We show that the CTCF/cohesin complex is enriched near a CpG island associated with PTGS2 and that the PTGS2 locus forms chromatin loops through methylation-sensitive binding of the CTCF/cohesin complex. DNA methylation abolishes the association of the CTCF/cohesin complex with the PTGS2 CpG island. Disruption of chromatin looping by DNA methylation abrogates the enrichment of transcriptional components, such as positive elongation factor b, at the transcriptional start site of the PTGS2 locus. These alterations result in the downregulation of PTGS2. Our results provide evidence that CTCF/cohesin-mediated chromatin looping of the PTGS2 locus is dynamically influenced by the DNA methylation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yun
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Jeon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H P Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Han
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Y Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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56
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Guo Z, Jiang JH, Zhang J, Yang HJ, Yang FQ, Qi YP, Zhong YP, Su J, Yang RR, Li LQ, Xiang BD. COX-2 Promotes Migration and Invasion by the Side Population of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1806. [PMID: 26554780 PMCID: PMC4915881 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor relapse and metastasis due to their abilities to self-renew, differentiate, and give rise to new tumors. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is highly expressed in several kinds of CSCs, and it helps promote stem cell renewal, proliferation, and radioresistance. Whether and how COX-2 contributes to CSC migration and invasion is unclear. In this study, COX-2 was overexpressed in the CSC-like side population (SP) of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line HCCLM3. COX-2 overexpression significantly enhanced migration and invasion of SP cells, while reducing expression of metastasis-related proteins PDCD4 and PTEN. Treating SP cells with the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib down-regulated COX-2 and caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell migration and invasion, which was associated with up-regulation of PDCD4 and PTEN. These results suggest that COX-2 exerts pro-metastatic effects on SP cells, and that these effects are mediated at least partly through regulation of PDCD4 and PTEN expression. These results further suggest that celecoxib may be a promising anti-metastatic agent to reduce migration and invasion by hepatic CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Guo
- From the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China (ZG, H-JY, F-QY, Y-PQ, L-QL, B-DX); Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, P.R. China (ZG); Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, P.R. China (J-HJ); Department of Ultrasound, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China (JZ); Medical Science Experimental Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China (Y-PZ, JS); Department of Immunology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China (R-RY)
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Du Y, Zhu Y, Teng X, Zhang K, Teng X, Li S. Toxicological Effect of Manganese on NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 Signaling Pathway in Chicken Testes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 168:227-34. [PMID: 25904117 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0340-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) pollution can cause tissue and organ dysfunction and structural damage. The toxicity of Mn in poultry was reported, but inflammatory damage that Mn induced in the testicular tissue has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mn poisoning on NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 signaling pathway in chicken testes. One hundred eighty Hyline male chickens at 7 days of age were fed either commercial diet or MnCl2-added commercial diet containing 600, 900, and 1800 mg/kg Mn for 30, 60, and 90 days, respectively. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO) content, iNOS activity, and histopathology were examined in chicken testes. The results showed that excess Mn upregulated mRNA expression of NF-κB, COX-2, TNF-α, and iNOS, NO content, and iNOS activity at 60th and 90th day. Mn had a time-dependent effect on NF-κB and TNF-α mRNA expression. Mn had a dose- and time-dependent effect on NO content and iNOS activity. Mn exposure induced chicken testis histological changes in dose- and time-dependent manner. It indicated that Mn exposure resulted in inflammatory injury of chicken testis tissue through NF-κB/iNOS-COX-2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Teng
- Heilongjiang Grassland and Forage Central Experimental Station, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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58
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Kim JE, Lee KW. Silkworm Thorn Stem Extract Targets RSK2 and Suppresses Solar UV-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25096-107. [PMID: 26506342 PMCID: PMC4632792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to solar UV (sUV) is associated with numerous human skin disorders, such as carcinogenesis, skin photoaging and skin inflammation. Silkworm Thorn (Cudraniatricuspidata, SW) is a plant belonging to the Moraceae family and widely present throughout Korea, China, and Japan. Most parts of the tree (including the fruit, leaf, stem, root, and bark) is consumable as a functional food or tea. In this study, we found that SW extract (SWE) inhibited the elevated expression of sUV-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 levels in both HaCaT and JB6 cells. Levels of nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, two crucial transcription factors involved in COX-2 expression, were elevated by sUV treatment. Treatment with SWE abolished this activation. SWE also inhibited sUV-induced histone H3 phosphorylation. However, sUV-induced phosphorylation of Akt, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 kinase remained unchanged in the presence of SWE. SWE inhibited RSK2 activity, and pull-down assays using SWE-Sepharose beads revealed that SWE binds directly with RSK2 in an ATP-competitive manner. These results suggest a potential for SWE to be developed as a cosmeceutical material and functional food constituent for the promotion of skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea.
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270, Korea.
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Liu D, Wang D, Xu Z, Gao J, Liu M, Liu Y, Jiang M, Zheng D. Dysregulated expression of miR-101b and miR-26b lead to age-associated increase in LPS-induced COX-2 expression in murine macrophage. Age (Dordr) 2015; 37:97. [PMID: 26371058 PMCID: PMC5005846 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the natural process of decline in physiological structure and function of various molecules, cells, tissues, and organs. Growing evidence indicates that increased immune genetic diversity and dysfunction of immune system cause aging-related pathophysiological process with the growth of age. In the present study, we observed that LPS-induced higher activation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 promoter is associated with the upregulated binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in peritoneal macrophages of aged mice than young ones. Additionally, COX-2 is a direct target of miR-101b and miR-26b in the macrophages. Significant upregulation of miR-101b and miR-26b effectively prevented LPS-induced excessive expression of COX-2 in the young mice. Because these negative regulatory factors were unresponsive to LPS stimulation, the levels of COX-2 were markedly higher in the macrophages of aged mice. Further study showed that NF-κB activation contributed to the increase in the expression of miR-101b and miR-26b in the LPS-stimulated macrophages of young mice, but not aged ones. Moreover, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) upregulated expression of miR-101b and miR-26b in the aged mouse macrophages only, but not the young cells. This demonstrated that HDAC suppressed the expression of miR-101b and miR-26b in the LPS-treated macrophages of aged mice and contributed to the aging process. TSA-induced increased expression of miR-101b and miR-26b could further suppress COX-2 expression. These findings provide novel evidence on the regulation of immune senescence and miR-101b and miR-26b, which might be promising targets in treating aged-related inflammatory diseases. Epigenetic regulation of the microRNAs (miRNAs) provides an important evidence for the treatment of innate inflammatory disease with HDAC inhibitors in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhenbiao Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jing Gao
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Minghong Jiang
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Dexian Zheng
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Zhao L, Ye J, Wu GT, Peng XJ, Xia PF, Ren Y. Gentiopicroside prevents interleukin-1 beta induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 172:100-7. [PMID: 26116164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, Gentiana macrophylla Pall have been prescribed for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. In addition, it is a common Tibetan medicinal herb used for the treatment of tonsillitis, urticaria, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while the flowers of G. macrophylla Pall have been traditionally treated as an anti-inflammatory agent to clear heat in Mongolian medicine. The secoiridoid glycosides and their derivatives are the primary active components of G. macrophylla and have been demonstrated to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Solvent extraction and D101 macroporous resin columns were employed to concentratethe gentiopicroside. Gentiopicroside cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; the toxicity of gentiopicroside in chondrocytes was reconfirmed using Hoechst staining. Western blotting, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of gentiopicroside prevents interleukin-1 beta induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte. RESULTS The MTT assay demonstrated that 50, 500, and 1,500 μg/mL of gentiopicroside exhibited no significant toxicity to chondrocytes (P>0.05) after 24h. Using immunohistochemistry, ELISA, RT-PCR, Western blot method to explore the protective effect and mechanism of gentiopicroside on chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. The results showed some pathways of IL-1β signal transduction were inhibited by gentiopicroside in rat chondrocytes: p38, ERK and JNK. Meanwhile, gentiopicroside showed inhibition in the IL-1β-induced release of MMPs while increasing Collagen type II expression. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that gentiopicroside exhibited a potent protective effect on IL-1β induced inflammation response in rat articular chondrocyte. Thus, gentiopicroside could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China.
| | - Juan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Tai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Traditional Chinese Medicines of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China
| | - Xue-Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Quality for Traditional Chinese Medicines of the College of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Traditional Chinese Medicines of Gansu Province, Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, PR China.
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Kim YA, Kong CS, Park HH, Lee E, Jang MS, Nam KH, Seo Y. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Heterocarpin from the Salt Marsh Plant Corydalis heterocarpa in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. Molecules 2015; 20:14474-86. [PMID: 26266403 PMCID: PMC6332082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of three chromones 1-3 and two coumarins 4-5 on the production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Among the compounds tested heterocarpin (1), a furochromone, significantly inhibited its production in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, heterocarpin suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and expression of cytokines such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- You Ah Kim
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
| | - Chang-Suk Kong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
| | - Hyo Hyun Park
- Research and Development Division, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Korea.
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Research and Development Division, Korea Promotion Institute for Traditional Medicine Industry, Gyeongsan 712-260, Korea.
| | - Mi-Soon Jang
- Food and Safety Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Korea.
| | - Ki-Ho Nam
- Food and Safety Research Center, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan 619-705, Korea.
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
- Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Busan 606-791, Korea.
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Cotogni P, Trombetta A, Muzio G, Maggiora M, Canuto RA. The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates Inflammatory Mediator Release in Human Alveolar Cells Exposed to Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of ARDS Patients. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:642520. [PMID: 26301250 PMCID: PMC4537738 DOI: 10.1155/2015/642520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether the 1 : 2 ω-3/ω-6 ratio may reduce proinflammatory response in human alveolar cells (A549) exposed to an ex vivo inflammatory stimulus (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients). Methods. We exposed A549 cells to the BALF collected from 12 ARDS patients. After 18 hours, fatty acids (FA) were added as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, ω-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, ω-6) in two ratios (1 : 2 or 1 : 7). 24 hours later, in culture supernatants were evaluated cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGE3) release. The FA percentage content in A549 membrane phospholipids, content of COX-2, level of PPARγ, and NF-κB binding activity were determined. RESULTS The 1 : 2 DHA/AA ratio reversed the baseline predominance of ω-6 over ω-3 in the cell membranes (P < 0.001). The proinflammatory cytokine release was reduced by the 1 : 2 ratio (P < 0.01 to <0.001) but was increased by the 1 : 7 ratio (P < 0.01). The 1 : 2 ratio reduced COX-2 and PGE2 (P < 0.001) as well as NF-κB translocation into the nucleus (P < 0.01), while it increased activation of PPARγ and IL-10 release (P < 0.001). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that shifting the FA supply from ω-6 to ω-3 decreased proinflammatory mediator release in human alveolar cells exposed to BALF of ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cotogni
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Medicine, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Turin, Via A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Trombetta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Via A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Canuto
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Lai Y, Zhong W, Yu T, Xia ZS, Li JY, Ouyang H, Shan TD, Yang HS, Chen QK. Rebamipide Promotes the Regeneration of Aspirin-Induced Small-Intestine Mucosal Injury through Accumulation of β-Catenin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132031. [PMID: 26135128 PMCID: PMC4489841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of rebamipide on repairing intestinal mucosal damage induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and its mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we sought to explore the mechanism whereby rebamipide could promote the regeneration of aspirin-induced intestinal mucosal damage. METHODS BALB/c mice were administered aspirin (200 mg/kg/d) for 5 days to induce acute small intestinal injury (SII). Subsequently, SII mice were treated with rebamipide (320 mg/kg/d) for 5 days. The structure of intestinal barrier was observed with transmission electron microscope, and Zo-1 and occludin expressions were detected. The proliferative index was indicated by the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the small intestine tissues were measured by an enzyme immunoassay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX) and β-catenin signal were detected in the small intestine using quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS COX expression was significantly down-regulated in aspirin induced SII (P < 0.05). In SII mice treated with rebamipide, histopathological findings of aspirin-induced intestinal inflammation were significantly milder and tight junctions between intestinal epithelial cells were improved significantly. The proliferative index increased after rebamipide treatment when compared with that in the control mice. The expressions of COX-2, β-catenin, and c-myc and the PGE2 concentrations in small intestinal tissues were significantly increased in mice with rebamipide treatments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Rebamipide administration in aspirin-induced SII mice could improve the intestinal barrier structure and promote the regeneration of small intestinal epithelial injury through up-regulating COX-2 expression and the accumulation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wa Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Sheng Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yan Jiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Park BM, Gao S, Cha SA, Kim SH. Attenuation of renovascular hypertension by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor partly through ANP release. Peptides 2015; 69:1-8. [PMID: 25846103 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important inflammatory mediator. Ang II induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin F2α release followed by cardiac hypertrophy. Inhibition of COX-2 may modulate high blood pressure but controversy still exists. The aim of this study was to determine the role of COX-2 in the regulation of blood pressure and to define the mechanisms in two kidney one-clip hypertensive (2K1C) rats. Chronic treatment with nimesulide or NS-398 (5 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks lowered high blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy with decreased expression levels of cardiac hypertrophy markers [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)], Ang type 1 receptor, urotensin II, and urotensin II receptor in 2K1C rats. Plasma level of ANP was markedly increased and plasma levels of Ang II and aldosterone were decreased by treatment with nimesulide or NS-398. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, nimesulide or NS-398 augmented ANP release in 2K1C rats. The inhibitory effect of NS-398 on blood pressure was attenuated by the pretreatment with natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) antagonist (A71915, 30 μg/kg/day). These results suggest that chronic treatment with nimesulide or NS-398 attenuated hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy partly through ANP release in 2K1C rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Mun Park
- Department of Physiology, Diabetic Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Seung Ah Cha
- Department of Physiology, Diabetic Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhn Hee Kim
- Department of Physiology, Diabetic Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Laboratory of Physiopathology of Obesity, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Italy, LURM est Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale AL Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy,
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Xu X, Yin P, Wan C, Chong X, Liu M, Cheng P, Chen J, Liu F, Xu J. Punicalagin inhibits inflammation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages via the suppression of TLR4-mediated MAPKs and NF-κB activation. Inflammation 2015; 37:956-65. [PMID: 24473904 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Punicalagin (2,3,hexahydroxydiphenoyl-gallagyl-D-glucose and referred to as PUN) is a bioactive ellagitannin isolated from pomegranate, which is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diarrhea, and ulcers in Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we detected the anti-inflammation potentials of PUN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages and tried to uncover the underlying mechanism. Results demonstrated that PUN (25, 50, or 100 μM) treatment could significantly decrease the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RAW264.7 cells. Molecular research showed that PUN inhibited the activation of upstream mediator nuclear factor-κB by suppressing the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Results also indicated that PUN could suppress the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. In conclusion, we observed that PUN could inhibit LPS-induced inflammation, and it may be a potential choice for the treatment of inflammation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Xu
- CAU-BUA TCVM Teaching and Researching Team, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University (CAU), No.2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
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Yin G, Tang D, Dai J, Liu M, Wu M, Sun YU, Yang Z, Hoffman RM, Li L, Zhang S, Guo X. Combination Efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma wenyujin at Different Stages of Tumor Progression in an Imageable Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model of Metastatic Human Ovarian Cancer Expressing Red Fluorescent Protein. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3193-207. [PMID: 26026079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The present study determined the efficacy of extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Curcuma wenyujin (CW), a traditional Chinese medicine herbal mixture, at different tumor stages of an orthotopic nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer expressing red fluorescent protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumor-bearing mice were treated with cisplatinum (CDDP), AM, CW, or a combination of AM and CW in each of three tumor stages, using the same regimen. Group 1 received saline as negative control. Group 2 received CDDP i.p. as positive control with a dose of 2 mg/kg, every three days. Group 3 received AM daily via oral gavage, at a dose of 9120 mg/kg. Group 4 received CW daily via oral gavage, at a dose of 4560 mg/kg. Groups 5, 6 and 7 received combinations of AM and CW daily via oral gavage at low (AM, 2280 mg/kg; CW, 1140 mg/kg), medium (AM, 4560 mg/kg; CW 2280 mg/kg), and high (AM, 9120 mg/kg; CW, 4560 mg/kg) doses. The expression of angiogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes in the tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), and by polymerase chain reaction for MMP-2, FGF-2 and Bcl-2. RESULTS CDDP, AM, and its combination with CW-induced significant growth inhibition of Stage I tumors. Strong efficacy of the combination of AM and CW at high dose was observed. Monotherapy with CDDP, AM, CW, and the combination treatments did not significantly inhibit Stage II and III tumors. The expression of MMP-2, VEGF, FGF-2, and Cox-2 was significantly reduced in Stage I tumors treated with AM, CW, and their combination, suggesting a possible role of these angiogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes in the observed efficacy of the agents tested. CONCLUSION This study is the first report on the efficacy of anticancer agents at different stages of ovarian cancer in an orthotopic mouse model. As the tumor progressed, it became treatment-resistant, similar to the clinical situation, further demonstrating the utility of the model and the need for agents acrtive in advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yin
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Decai Tang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Dai
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mianhua Wu
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Y U Sun
- Origin Biosciences Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Origin Biosciences Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A. Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Lin Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxia Guo
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel treatment strategies are required to reduce the development of hepatic injury during surgical procedure in which renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is inevitable. Remote perconditioning (rPeC) has been proved to reduce the extent of kidney damages induced by renal IR injury. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effect of rPeC against hepatic injury caused by renal ischemia. METHODS Male rats were subjected to the right nephrectomy and randomized as: sham, no additional intervention; IR, 45 min of left renal pedicle occlusion; rPeC, four cycles of 5-min limb IR administered at the beginning of renal ischemia. After 24-h of reperfusion, the plasma and tissue samples were taken. RESULTS A significant improvement in hepatic functional injury and oxidative damages were observed in the rPeC group compared to the IR group. However, histological evaluation and plasma levels of TNF-α revealed no significant difference among groups. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that rPeC exerted protective effects on renal IR-induced hepatic injury as a remote organ. The protection may be a consequence of the reduction in oxidative stress in the liver. This simple approach may be a promising strategy against IR-induced remote organ damages in the clinical practice (Fig. 4, Ref. 23).
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Sheridan JA, Zago M, Nair P, Li PZ, Bourbeau J, Tan WC, Hamid Q, Eidelman DH, Benedetti AL, Baglole CJ. Decreased expression of the NF-κB family member RelB in lung fibroblasts from Smokers with and without COPD potentiates cigarette smoke-induced COX-2 expression. Respir Res 2015; 16:54. [PMID: 25943190 PMCID: PMC4427974 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightened inflammation, including expression of COX-2, is associated with COPD pathogenesis. RelB is an NF-κB family member that attenuates COX-2 in response to cigarette smoke by a mechanism that may involve the miRNA miR-146a. There is no information on the expression of RelB in COPD or if RelB prevents COX-2 expression through miR-146a. METHODS RelB, Cox-2 and miR-146a levels were evaluated in lung fibroblasts and blood samples derived from non-smokers (Normal) and smokers (At Risk) with and without COPD by qRT-PCR. RelB and COX-2 protein levels were evaluated by western blot. Human lung fibroblasts from Normal subjects and smokers with and without COPD, along with RelB knock-down (siRNA) in Normal cells, were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in vitro and COX-2 mRNA/protein and miR-146a levels assessed. RESULTS Basal expression of RelB mRNA and protein were significantly lower in lung cells derived from smokers with and without COPD, the latter of which expressed more Cox-2 mRNA and protein in response to CSE. Knock-down of RelB in Normal fibroblasts increased Cox-2 mRNA and protein induction by CSE. Basal miR-146a levels were not different between the three groups, and only Normal fibroblasts increased miR-146a expression in response to smoke. There was a positive correlation between systemic RelB and Cox-2 mRNA levels and circulating miR-146a levels were higher only in GOLD stage I subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that RelB attenuates COX-2 expression in lung structural cells, such that loss of pulmonary RelB may be an important determinant in the aberrant, heightened inflammation associated with COPD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Sheridan
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Michela Zago
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | | | - Pei Z Li
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Wan C Tan
- The UBC James Hogg Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - David H Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Andrea L Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Carvalho MI, Pires I, Prada J, Ferreira AF, Queiroga FL. Positive Interplay Between CD3+ T-lymphocytes and Concurrent COX-2/EGFR Expression in Canine Malignant Mammary Tumors. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:2915-2920. [PMID: 25964576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The ability of tumors to evade the immune system is one of cancer hallmarks. In breast cancer, it has been demonstrated that the cyclooxygenase-2(+)/ epidermal growth factor receptor(+) (COX-2(+)/EGFR(+)) status might influence tumor microenvironment allowing escape of cancer cells to the immune system. This topic is unknown in canine mammary tumors (CMT). Therefore, the potential relationship between CD3(+) T-lymphocytes and concurrent COX-2/EGFR expression was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded malignant CMT samples (n=63) were submitted to immunohistochemical staining to detect CD3, COX-2 and EGFR. RESULTS Tumoral CD3(+) T-lymphocytes were significantly associated with tubular differentiation grade (p=0.006), tumor necrosis (p=0.025), histological grade of malignancy (p=0.027) and presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.009). A correlation between COX-2 and EGFR was observed (r=0.741, p<0.0001). The COX-2(+)/EGFR(+) group was associated with tumor size (p=0.002), mitotic index (p=0.019), histological grade of malignancy (p=0.035) and presence of lymph node metastasis (p=0.041). CD3(+) T-lymphocytes and COX-2/EGFR groups were significantly associated (p=0.025) and positively correlated (r=0.399; p=0.003). CONCLUSION The present results suggest that the COX-2(+)/EGFR(+) status may be part of a strategy adopted by tumor cells to evade the cytotoxic tumor-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal CECAV, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adriano Fernandes Ferreira
- Unidade Academica de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, Rua Sinfrônio Nazaré, 1 Centro, Sousa, PB, Brazil
| | - Felisbina L Queiroga
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal Center for the Study of Animal Sciences, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta dos prados, Vila Real, Portugal
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Ejarque-Ortiz A, Solà C, Martínez-Barriocanal Á, Schwartz S, Martín M, Peluffo H, Sayós J. The Receptor CMRF35-Like Molecule-1 (CLM-1) Enhances the Production of LPS-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Mediators during Microglial Activation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123928. [PMID: 25927603 PMCID: PMC4415817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
CMRF35-like molecule-1 (CLM-1) belongs to a receptor family mainly expressed in myeloid cells that include activating and inhibitory receptors. CLM-1 contains two ITIMs and a single immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM), although also displays a binding site for p85α regulatory subunit of PI3K. By using murine primary microglial cultures, we show the presence of all CLM members in microglial cells and characterize the expression of CLM-1 both in basal conditions and during microglial activation. The TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) induce an increase in microglial CLM-1 mRNA levels in vitro, whereas the TLR2/6 heterodimer agonist peptidoglycan (PGN) produces a marked decrease. In this study we also describe a new soluble isoform of CLM-1 that is detected at mRNA and protein levels in basal conditions in primary microglial cultures. Interestingly, CLM-1 engagement enhances the transcription of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα, COX-2 and NOS-2 in microglial cells challenged with LPS. These results reveal that CLM-1 can acts as a co-activating receptor and suggest that this receptor could play a key role in the regulation of microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Ejarque-Ortiz
- Immunobiology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine Program, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (AEO); (JS)
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal
- Immunobiology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine Program, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simó Schwartz
- Drug Delivery and Targeting Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine Program, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Peluffo
- Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Joan Sayós
- Immunobiology Group, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine Program, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebrón, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (AEO); (JS)
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72
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Wei D, Xiong X, Zhao H. Tim-3 cell signaling and iNOS are involved in the protective effects of ischemic postconditioning against focal ischemia in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:483-90. [PMID: 24771108 PMCID: PMC4213319 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) against stroke has been well-established, and the underlying mechanisms are known to involve inhibited-inflammation and free radical production. Nevertheless, how IPostC affects protein expression of iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and COX-2 has not been characterized. In addition, the role of the galectin-9/Tim-3 cell signaling pathway--a novel inflammatory pathway--in IPostC has not been studied. We examined whether iNOS, nitrotyrosine, and COX-2, as well as galectin-9/Tim-3 are involved in the protective effects of IpostC in a rat focal ischemia model. Western blot and confocal immunofluoresent staining results indicate that IPostC significantly inhibited Tim-3 expression, and that galectin-9 expression was also inhibited. In addition, IPostC attenuated production of iNOS and nitrotyrosine, but not COX-2, suggesting that IPostC has distinct effects on these inflammatory factors. Furthermore, the inflammation inhibitor minocycline blocked Tim-3 and iNOS expression induced by stroke. Taken together, we show that the galectin-9/Tim-3 cell signaling pathway is involved in inflammation induced by stroke, and IPostC may reduce infarction by attenuating this novel pathway as well as the inflammatory factors iNOS and nitrotyrosine, but not COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingtai Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Fujian Medical University Ningde Hospital, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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73
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Karimfar MH, Rostami S, Haghani K, Bakhtiyari S, Noori-Zadeh A. MELATONIN ALLEVIATES BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN MICE. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:327-334. [PMID: 26122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis occurs as a common end-stage sequela of a number of acute and chronic lung diseases. Eicosanoids exert crucial roles in inflammatory processes pertinent to fibrogenesis induction, however, the role of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is not fully elucidated in most pulmonary fibrosis related-disorders. Recently, melatonin (MLN) has been introduced as an effective immuno-modulator and anti-oxidant agent. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of MLN on COX-2 expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Animals were divided into five groups, including: 1) saline control, 2) 1% ethanol control, 3) MLN control, 4) bleomycin (BLM), in which mice were injected with BLM (15 mg/kg, i.p.) two times per week for four weeks, and 5) BLM+MLN, in which MLN was given to mice (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to BLM injections for four weeks. MLN administration significantly reduced body weight loss (P<0.05), the rate of mortality, edema formation, lung injury, COX-2 expression (P>0.05), interstitial tissue percentage volume (P<0.05), and also increased the alveolar space percentage volume. MLN attenuated the BLM-induced lung injury responses such as collagen accumulation and airway dysfunction in mice. Finally, histological evidence supported the ability of MLN to inhibit COX-2 expression. Thus, it may serve as a novel potential therapeutic agent for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Karimfar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Rostami
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - K Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - S Bakhtiyari
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - A Noori-Zadeh
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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74
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Xia Q, Hu Q, Wang H, Yang H, Gao F, Ren H, Chen D, Fu C, Zheng L, Zhen X, Ying Z, Wang G. Induction of COX-2-PGE2 synthesis by activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway contributes to neuronal death triggered by TDP-43-depleted microglia. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1702. [PMID: 25811799 PMCID: PMC4385945 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a striking hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have shown the contribution of glial cells such as astrocytes in TDP-43-linked ALS. However, the role of microglia in TDP-43-mediated motor neuron degeneration remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that depletion of TDP-43 in microglia, but not in astrocytes, strikingly upregulates cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production through the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling and initiates neurotoxicity. Moreover, we find that administration of celecoxib, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, greatly diminishes the neurotoxicity triggered by TDP-43-depleted microglia. Taken together, our results reveal a previously unrecognized non-cell-autonomous mechanism in TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration, identifying COX-2-PGE2 as the molecular events of microglia- but not astrocyte-initiated neurotoxicity and identifying celecoxib as a novel potential therapy for TDP-43-linked ALS and possibly other types of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Xia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - F Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - H Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - D Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - L Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Zhen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Ying
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
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75
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Korbecki J, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Gutowska I, Piotrowska K, Chlubek D. Cyclooxygenase-1 as the main source of proinflammatory factors after sodium orthovanadate treatment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 163:103-11. [PMID: 25398544 PMCID: PMC4297299 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium is a metal present in air pollution. Its compounds may have both anticancer and carcinogenic properties. Vanadium compounds are tested in treatment of diabetes and cancer. An important research direction aimed at better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the vanadium compounds is a more detailed insight into their impact on inflammatory reactions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of micromolar concentrations of sodium orthovanadate, Na3VO4, on the activity and expression of cyclooxygenases: COX-1 and COX-2. PMA-activated THP-1 macrophages were incubated in vitro for 48 h with micromolar concentrations of sodium orthovanadate. As shown by an ELISA assay, sodium orthovanadate increases the quantity of prostaglandin E2 being released into the medium in a dose-dependent manner as well as impacts the quantity of the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2: thromboxane B2. The use of a COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, revealed that this effect was independent of changes in the activity of COX-2. Western blotting analysis showed that sodium orthovanadate increased the expression of COX-2 when used with NS-398. Quantitative real-time PCR measurements of mRNA levels of genes PTGS1 and PTGS2 revealed no effect of the tested vanadium compound on the levels of analyzed transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland,
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Li S, Gu Z, Xiao Z, Zhou T, Li J, Sun K. Anti-tumor effect and mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor through matrix metalloproteinase 14 pathway in PANC-1 cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:1737-1742. [PMID: 25973062 PMCID: PMC4396316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, can attenuate proliferation, migration, invasion and MMP-14 expression in pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and the possible anti-tumor mechanism of celecoxib. METHODS Human pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1 cells were treated with diverse concentrations of celecoxib (20, 60, 100 μmol/L). Cell proliferation, invasion and migration capabilities were measured by MTT colorimetry, transwell invasion assay, and scratch assay separately. At the same time, the protein expression of COX-2 and MMP-14 was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS The capabilities of proliferation, invasion and migration in PANC-1 cells were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner after treated with celecoxib, followed by the down-regulation of the protein expression of COX-2 and MMP-14. In addition, MMP-14 expression was significantly positively correlated with COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib can inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of PANC-1 cells via down-regulating the expression of MMP-14 in a concentration-dependent manner, thus contributing to its anti-tumor effect in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Li
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi 832002, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi 832002, China
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Medical College of Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic DiseasesShihezi 832002, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832002, China
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Wei G, Chen X, Wang G, Jia P, Xu Q, Ping G, Wang K, Li X. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 prevents intra-abdominal adhesions by decreasing activity of peritoneal fibroblasts. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:3083-98. [PMID: 26109851 PMCID: PMC4474398 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions are common complications after abdominal surgery. The exact molecular mechanisms that are responsible for these complications remain unclear, and there are no effective methods for preventing adhesion formation or reformation. The aim of the study reported here was to investigate the preventive effects and underlying potential molecular mechanisms of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in a rodent model of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of COX-2 in postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions and normal peritoneal tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Assays were performed to elucidate the effect of COX-2 inhibition on hypoxia-induced fibroblast activity in vitro and on intra-abdominal adhesion formation in vivo. RESULTS Hypoxia-induced COX-2 expression in peritoneal fibroblasts was increased in postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. Inhibition of COX-2 attenuated the activating effect of hypoxia on normal peritoneal fibroblasts in vitro. Data indicate that selective COX-2 inhibitor prevents in vivo intra-abdominal adhesion by inhibition of basic fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta expression, but not through an antiangiogenic mechanism. Furthermore, using selective COX-2 inhibitors to prevent intra-abdominal adhesions did not adversely affect the weight, bowel motility, or healing of intestinal anastomoses in a rat model. CONCLUSION These results show that hypoxia-induced COX-2 expression in peritoneal fibroblasts is involved in the formation of intra-abdominal adhesions. Inhibition of COX-2 prevents postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions through suppression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Jia
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Department of General Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Xianyang City, Xianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinhong Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Ping
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xuqi Li, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 29 8532 3899, Fax +86 29 8532 3899, Email
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Kumagai T, Usami H, Matsukawa N, Nakashima F, Chikazawa M, Shibata T, Noguchi N, Uchida K. Functional interaction between cyclooxygenase-2 and p53 in response to an endogenous electrophile. Redox Biol 2014; 4:74-86. [PMID: 25506925 PMCID: PMC4309852 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is rapidly expressed by various stimuli and plays a key role in conversion of free arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. We have previously identified 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation-derived electrophile, as the potent Cox-2 inducer in rat epithelial RL34 cells and revealed that the HNE-induced Cox-2 expression resulted from the stabilization of Cox-2 mRNA that is mediated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated an alternative regulatory mechanism of Cox-2 expression mediated by a transcription factor p53. In addition, to characterize the causal role for Cox-2, we examined the effects of Cox-2 overexpression in RL34 cells. To examine whether the HNE-induced Cox-2 expression was mechanistically linked to the p53 expression, we analyzed changes in Cox-2 and p53 expression levels in response to HNE and observed that the Cox-2 levels were inversely correlated with the p53 levels. Down-regulation of p53 followed by the activation of a transcription factor Sp1 was suggested to be involved in the HNE-induced Cox-2 gene expression. To characterize the effect of Cox-2 expression in the cells, we established the Cox-2-overexpressing derivatives of RL34 cells by stable transfection with Cox-2 cDNA. An oligonucleotide microarray analysis revealed a dramatic down-regulation of the proteasome subunit RC1 in the Cox-2 overexpressed cells compared to the empty-vector transfected control cells. Consistent with the Cox-2-mediated down-regulation of proteasome, a moderate reduction of the proteasome activities was observed. This proteasome dysfunction mediated by the Cox-2 overproduction was associated with the enhanced accumulation of p53 and ubiquitinated proteins, leading to the enhanced sensitivity toward electrophiles. These results suggest the existence of a causal link between Cox-2 and p53, which may represent a toxic mechanism of electrophilic lipid peroxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroko Usami
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nao Matsukawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Fumie Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Miho Chikazawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Noriko Noguchi
- Systems Life Sciences, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Koji Uchida
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Meng X, Wu X, Yuan Y. [Significances of COX-2, p21, Ki-67 expression and HPV infection in nasal inverted papilloma]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2014; 28:1823-1827. [PMID: 25980147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of expression of COX-2, p21, Ki67 and HPV in nasal inverted papilloma. METHOD Detecting COX-2, p21, Ki-67 in 30 cases of nasal inverted papilloma (NIP), 20 cases of nasal polyps (NP) and 10 cases of normal nasal mucosa (NM) by two step immunohistochemical method, and HPV virus by flow-through hybridization method. RESULT The positive expression rate of COX-2 and Ki-67 in NIP, NP and NM group was decreased in turn, COX-2 had significant difference in the groups(χ2 = 30.00, P< 0. 05); the positive expression rate of Ki-67 had significant differences between NIP and NM group (χ2 = 8. 533, P<0. 05). The expression of COX-2 in NIP tissues was positively correlate with that of Ki-67 by using Spearman rank correlation analysis (r=0.78, P<0.05). Expression of p21 were not observed in NIP group. The positive rate of HPV was 26. 67% in 30 cases of NIP, all of HPV16 type. CONCLUSION COX-2, Ki-67 and HPV infection have certain correlation with the occurrence of NIP. The occurrence of NIP has relationship with inflammatory reaction mediated by COX-2. Ki-67 can well reflect the proliferation activity of tumor cells, and can be used to measure the proliferation rate of nasal inverted papilloma. The COX-2 and Ki-67 have a synergistic role in the pathogenesis of NIP. p21 has no significant relationship with the incidence of NIP. HPV infection is related to the pathogenesis of NIP, but not as a;major factor in the pathogenesis of NIP.
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Quesada AE, Nguyen ND, Rios A, Brown RE. Morphoproteomics identifies constitutive activation of the mTORC2/Akt and NF-κB pathways and expressions of IGF-1R, Sirt1, COX-2, and FASN in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: pathogenetic implications and therapeutic options. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:8732-8739. [PMID: 25674239 PMCID: PMC4313980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaining a better understanding of the molecular circuitries and pathways implicated in the malignant growth and biological behavior of T cell lymphomas may identify potential cellular targets with clinical therapeutic potential. The immunohistochemical characterization of key cellular proteins participating in these pathways can provide surrogate markers of biological activity. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) signaling pathway has been implicated in T-cell lymphopoiesis. The mTORC2 pathway involves downstream activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p-Akt (Ser 473). Fatty acid synthase (FASN) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) are expressed upstream of the mTORC and NF-κB signaling pathways. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 products influence these pathways. Our goal was to use morphoproteomics to characterize the expression patterns of the proteins in various peripheral T-cell lymphomas. DESIGN Ten cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) were examined for expression of proteins along the mTORC, Akt and NF-κB pathways and affiliated tumorigenic molecules. These included two angioimmunoblastic PTCL, one natural killer/PTCL, one anaplastic large PTCL, and six PTCL not otherwise specified. Immunostaining for phosphorylated (p) mTOR (Ser 2448), p-Akt (Ser 473), p-NF-κBp65 (Ser 536), IGF-1R (Tyr1165/1166), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Sirt1), COX-2 and FASN was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue for each case. Percent expression was scored using bright-field microscopy with high expression designated as more than 50% of the cells with positive stain in the appropriate subcellular compartment. RESULTS All ten cases demonstrated nuclear staining for p-mTOR (Ser 2448) corresponding to mTORC 2, and all cases showed strong, diffuse nuclear staining for p-NF-κBp65 (Ser 536). All ten also showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for p-Akt (Ser 473) and cytoplasmic staining for IGF-1R. High expressions for nuclear Sirt1, and cytoplasmic COX-2 and FASN were detected in 7, 9, and 8 out of 10 cases, respectively. Six out of 10 cases demonstrated high expression of all the mentioned markers. CONCLUSION The constitutive activation of mTORC2, NF-κB, p-Akt and the concomitant expression of IGF-1R suggests convergence of these molecular pathways in T-cell lymphoma. The results of this study also suggest that mTORC2 may be a common denominator among this heterogeneous group of lymphomas. Interference of key nodes of this pathway may carry a clinical therapeutic benefit. Agents that may be considered based on existing data include: bortezomib to inhibit NF-κB pathway activation; metformin to inhibit both NF-κB and mTORC2 and histone deacteylase inhibitors to inhibit mTORC2 pathway signaling. Furthermore, panobinostat inhibits Sirt1 pathway when present, and celecoxib inhibits NF-κB pathway activation independent of COX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés E Quesada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas at HoustonUSA
| | - Nghia D Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas at HoustonUSA
| | - Adan Rios
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, The University of Texas at HoustonUSA
| | - Robert E Brown
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas at HoustonUSA
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Cho M, Lee DJ, Kim JK, You S. Molecular characterization and immunomodulatory activity of sulfated fucans from Agarum cribrosum. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 113:507-14. [PMID: 25256513 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sulfated-fucans, known as fucoidans, were isolated from Agarum cribrosum and fractionated using ion-exchange chromatography to determine their molecular characteristics and in vitro immunomodulatory activity. The crude and fractionated fucoidans (F1 and F2) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (52.4-56.0%), sulfates (12.7-23.0%) and uronic acid (14.1-21.8%), with a small amount of proteins (3.9-9.3%), and included various levels of fucose (44.0-46.7%), mannose (18.9-26.8%), galactose (16.8-33.0%), xylose (10.7-17.0%) and glucose (3.5-9.5%). The crude and fractionated fucans contained one or two subfractions with average molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 110.1 × 10(3) to 2420 × 10(3)g/mol. The fractionated fucoidan, especially the F1 fraction, strongly stimulated murine macrophages (Raw 264.7 cells), producing a considerable amount of nitric oxide (NO) and inducing expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) transcripts by activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathways. The maximally immunoenhancing F1 fraction was mainly composed of (1 → 3)-linked fucose, (1 → 2)-linked mannose and (1 → 4)-linked glucuronic acid with sulfates at C-2 or both the C-2 and C-4 positions in (1 → 2,3)- and (1 → 2,3,4)-linked fucose residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- MyoungLae Cho
- East Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Uljin 767-813, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 712-702, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
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82
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Kim DC, Lee HS, Ko W, Lee DS, Sohn JH, Yim JH, Kim YC, Oh H. Anti-inflammatory effect of methylpenicinoline from a marine isolate of Penicillium sp. (SF-5995): inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia. Molecules 2014; 19:18073-89. [PMID: 25379644 PMCID: PMC6271136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of a search for anti-inflammatory metabolites from marine-derived fungi, methylpenicinoline (1) was isolated from a marine isolate of Penicillin sp. Compound 1 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia. It also attenuated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in a concentration-dependent manner (from 10 μM to 80 μM) without affecting cell viability. In addition, compound 1 reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In a further study designed to elucidate the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effects, compound 1 was shown to block nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages and BV2 microglia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of inhibitor kappa B-α (IκB-α), thereby suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB dimers, namely p50 and p65, that are known to be crucial molecules associated with iNOS and COX-2 expression. In addition, compound 1 inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Taken together, the results suggest that compound 1 might be a valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment of anti-inflammatory and anti-neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Cheol Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Hee-Suk Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Wonmin Ko
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Dong-Sung Lee
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 617-736, Korea.
| | - Joung Han Yim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, 7-50 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-840, Korea.
| | - Youn-Chul Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
| | - Hyuncheol Oh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Korea.
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83
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Vivot K, Langlois A, Bietiger W, Dal S, Seyfritz E, Pinget M, Jeandidier N, Maillard E, Gies JP, Sigrist S. Pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of pancreatic islet in vitro is controlled by TLR-4 and HO-1 pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107656. [PMID: 25343247 PMCID: PMC4208733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their isolation until implantation, pancreatic islets suffer a major stress leading to the activation of inflammatory reactions. The maintenance of controlled inflammation is essential to preserve survival and function of the graft. Identification and targeting of pathway(s) implicated in post-transplant detrimental inflammatory events, is mandatory to improve islet transplantation success. We sought to characterize the expression of the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators during islet culture with a focus on Heme oxygenase (HO-1) and Toll-like receptors-4 signaling pathways. Rat pancreatic islets were isolated and pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status were evaluated after 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours of culture through TLR-4, HO-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, CCL-2 and IL-6 secretion, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production (Dihydroethidine staining, DHE) and macrophages migration. To identify the therapeutic target, TLR4 inhibition (CLI-095) and HO-1 activation (cobalt protoporphyrin,CoPP) was performed. Activation of NFκB signaling pathway was also investigated. After isolation and during culture, pancreatic islet exhibited a proinflammatory and prooxidant status (increase levels of TLR-4, COX-2, CCL-2, IL-6, and ROS). Activation of HO-1 or inhibition of TLR-4 decreased inflammatory status and oxidative stress of islets. Moreover, the overexpression of HO-1 induced NFκB phosphorylation while the inhibition of TLR-4 had no effect NFκB activation. Finally, inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathway induced a reduction of macrophages migration. These data demonstrated that the TLR-4 signaling pathway is implicated in early inflammatory events leading to a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status of islets in vitro. Moreover, these results provide the mechanism whereby the benefits of HO-1 target in TLR-4 signaling pathway. HO-1 could be then an interesting target to protect islets before transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vivot
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan Langlois
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - William Bietiger
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elodie Seyfritz
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Pinget
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- Structure d'Endocrinologie, Diabète –Nutrition et Addictologie, Pôle NUDE, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, (HUS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisa Maillard
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gies
- UMR 7034 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC, EA 7294, Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète, Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
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Watanabe T, Tanigawa T, Kobata A, Takeda S, Nadatani Y, Otani K, Yamagami H, Shiba M, Tominaga K, Fujiwara Y, Arakawa T. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury of the small intestine in adult mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110441. [PMID: 25329155 PMCID: PMC4199713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes conserved molecular patterns associated with both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and detects some endogenous ligands. Previous studies demonstrated that in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of the small intestine, the TLR2-dependent signaling exerted preventive effects on the damage in young mice, but did not have a significant effect in neonatal mice. We investigated the role of TLR2 in adult ischemia-reperfusion injury in the small intestine. Wild-type and TLR2 knockout mice at 16 weeks of age were subjected to intestinal I/R injury. Some wild-type mice received anti-Ly-6G antibodies to deplete circulating neutrophils. In wild-type mice, I/R induced severe small intestinal injury characterized by infiltration by inflammatory cells, disruption of the mucosal epithelium, and mucosal bleeding. Compared to wild-type mice, TLR2 knockout mice exhibited less severe mucosal injury induced by I/R, with a 35%, 33%, and 43% reduction in histological grading score and luminal concentration of hemoglobin, and the numbers of apoptotic epithelial cells, respectively. The I/R increased the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and the levels of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the small intestine of the wild-type mice by 3.3-, 3.2-, and 13.0-fold, respectively. TLR2 deficiency significantly inhibited the I/R-induced increase in MPO activity and the expression of mRNAs for TNF-α and ICAM-1, but did not affect the expression of COX-2 mRNA. I/R also enhanced TLR2 mRNA expression by 2.9-fold. TLR2 proteins were found to be expressed in the epithelial cells, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells. Neutrophil depletion prevented intestinal I/R injury in wild-type mice. These findings suggest that TLR2 may mediate I/R injury of the small intestine in adult mice via induction of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tetsuya Tanigawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobata
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Nadatani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Otani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yamagami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Arakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Chung MH, Kim DH, Na HK, Kim JH, Kim HN, Haegeman G, Surh YJ. Genistein inhibits phorbol ester-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and COX-2 expression by blocking the phosphorylation of p65/RelA in human mammary epithelial cells. Mutat Res 2014; 768:74-83. [PMID: 24742714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Genistein, an isoflavone present in soy products, has chemopreventive effects on mammary carcinogenesis. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of genistein on phorbol ester-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Pretreatment of cultured human breast epithelial (MCF10A) cells with genistein reduced COX-2 expression induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). There are multiple lines of evidence supporting that the induction of COX-2 is regulated by the eukaryotic transcription factor NF-κB. Genistein failed to inhibit TPA-induced nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-κB as well as degradation of IκB. However, genistein abrogated the TPA-induced transcriptional activity of NF-κB as determined by the luciferase reporter gene assay. Genistein inhibited phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB and its interaction with cAMP regulatory element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP)/p300 and TATA-binding protein (TBP). TPA-induced NF-κB phosphorylation was abolished by pharmacological inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Likewise, pharmacologic inhibition or dominant negative mutation of ERK suppressed phosphorylation of p65. The above findings, taken together, suggest that genistein inhibits TPA-induced COX-2 expression in MCF10A cells by blocking ERK-mediated phosphorylation of p65 and its subsequent interaction with CBP and TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hoon Chung
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kim
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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86
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Zha L, Chen J, Sun S, Mao L, Chu X, Deng H, Cai J, Li X, Liu Z, Cao W. Soyasaponins can blunt inflammation by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107655. [PMID: 25233217 PMCID: PMC4169425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently shown that soyasaponins abundant in soybeans can decrease inflammation by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)-mediated inflammation. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which soyasaponins inhibit the NF-kB pathway have not been established. In this study in macrophages, soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of inflammatory marker prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to a similar extent as the NF-kB inhibitor (BAY117082). Soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) also suppressed the LPS-induced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), another inflammatory marker, in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting NF-kB activation. In defining the associated mechanisms, we found that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) blunted the LPS-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation, IkB phosphorylation and degradation, and NF-kB p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. In studying the upstream targets of soyasaponins on the NF-kB pathway, we found that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) suppressed the LPS-induced activation of PI3K/Akt similarly as the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, which alone blocked the LPS-induced activation of NF-kB. Additionally, soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) reduced the LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the same extent as the anti-oxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which alone inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of Akt, IKKα/β, IkBα, and p65, transactivity of NF-kB, PGE2 production, and malondialdehyde production. Finally, our results show that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) elevated SOD activity and the GSH/GSSG ratio. Together, these results show that soyasaponins (A1, A2 and I) can blunt inflammation by inhibiting the ROS-mediated activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jiading Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Chu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wenhong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Nutrition Research Institute at Kannapolis, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Kanazawa T, Nakagami G, Minematsu T, Yamane T, Huang L, Mugita Y, Noguchi H, Mori T, Sanada H. Biological responses of three-dimensional cultured fibroblasts by sustained compressive loading include apoptosis and survival activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104676. [PMID: 25102054 PMCID: PMC4125229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure ulcers are characterized by chronicity, which results in delayed wound healing due to pressure. Early intervention for preventing delayed healing due to pressure requires a prediction method. However, no study has reported the prediction of delayed healing due to pressure. Therefore, this study focused on biological response-based molecular markers for the establishment of an assessment technology to predict delayed healing due to pressure. We tested the hypothesis that sustained compressive loading applied to three dimensional cultured fibroblasts leads to upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs), CD44, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) along with apoptosis via disruption of adhesion. First, sustained compressive loading was applied to fibroblast-seeded collagen sponges. Following this, collagen sponge samples and culture supernatants were collected for apoptosis and proliferation assays, gene expression analysis, immunocytochemistry, and quantification of secreted substances induced by upregulation of mRNA and protein level. Compared to the control, the compressed samples demonstrated that apoptosis was induced in a time- and load- dependent manner; vinculin and stress fiber were scarce; HSP90α, CD44, HAS2, and COX2 expression was upregulated; and the concentrations of HSP90α, hyaluronan (HA), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were increased. In addition, the gene expression of antiapoptotic Bcl2 was significantly increased in the compressed samples compared to the control. These results suggest that compressive loading induces not only apoptosis but also survival activity. These observations support that HSP90α, HA, and, PGE2 could be potential molecular markers for prediction of delayed wound healing due to pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kanazawa
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gojiro Nakagami
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamane
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Mugita
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Noguchi
- Department of Life Support Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mori
- Department of Life Support Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sue YM, Chou HC, Chang CC, Yang NJ, Chou Y, Juan SH. L-carnitine protects against carboplatin-mediated renal injury: AMPK- and PPARα-dependent inactivation of NFAT3. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104079. [PMID: 25090113 PMCID: PMC4121315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that carboplatin induces inflammation and apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs) through the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells-3 (NFAT3) protein by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that the ROS-mediated activation of NFAT3 is prevented by N-acetyl cysteine and heme oxygenase-1 treatment. In the current study, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of L-carnitine on carboplatin-mediated renal injury. Balb/c mice and RTCs were used as model systems. Carboplatin-induced apoptosis in RTCs was examined using terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. We evaluated the effects of the overexpression of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) protein, the knockdown of PPARα gene, and the blockade of AMPK activation and PPARα to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect of L-carnitine on carboplatin-mediated renal injury. Carboplatin reduced the nuclear translocation, phosphorylation, and peroxisome proliferator responsive element transactivational activity of PPARα. These carboplatin-mediated effects were prevented by L-carnitine through a mechanism dependent on AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent PPARα activation. The activation of PPARα induced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) synthase expression that formed a positive feedback loop to further activate PPARα. The coimmunoprecipitation of the nuclear factor (NF) κB proteins increased following the induction of PPARα by L-carnitine, which reduced NFκB transactivational activity and cytokine expression. The in vivo study showed that the inactivation of AMPK suppressed the protective effect of L-carnitine in carboplatin-treated mice, indicating that AMPK phosphorylation is required for PPARα activation in the L-carnitine-mediated protection of RTC apoptosis caused by carboplatin. The results of our study provide molecular evidence that L-carnitine prevents carboplatin-mediated apoptosis through AMPK-mediated PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Mou Sue
- Department of Nephrology, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Jie Yang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Juan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Yang SM, Chan YL, Hua KF, Chang JM, Chen HL, Tsai YJ, Hsu YJ, Chao LK, Feng-Ling Y, Tsai YL, Wu SH, Wang YF, Tsai CL, Chen A, Ka SM. Osthole improves an accelerated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis model in the early stage by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and subsequently inhibiting NF-κB-mediated COX-2 expression and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 73:260-9. [PMID: 24858719 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common chronic kidney disease with relatively poor prognosis and unsatisfactory treatment regimens. Previously, we showed that osthole, a coumarin compound isolated from the seeds of Cnidium monnieri, can inhibit reactive oxygen species generation, NF-κB activation, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. In this study, we further evaluated its renoprotective effect in a mouse model of accelerated FSGS (acFSGS), featuring early development of proteinuria, followed by impaired renal function, glomerular epithelial cell hyperplasia lesions (a sensitive sign that precedes the development of glomerular sclerosis), periglomerular inflammation, and glomerular hyalinosis/sclerosis. The results show that osthole significantly prevented the development of the acFSGS model in the treated group of mice. The mechanisms involved in the renoprotective effects of osthole on the acFSGS model were mainly a result of an activated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway in the early stage (proteinuria and ischemic collapse of the glomeruli) of acFSGS, followed by a decrease in: (1) NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression as well as PGE2 production, (2) podocyte injury, and (3) apoptosis. Our data support that targeting the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway may justify osthole being established as a candidate renoprotective compound for FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Min Yang
- Department of Pathology and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Pathology and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jia-Ming Chang
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Jen Tsai
- Institute for Drug Evaluation Platform, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juei Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Louis Kuoping Chao
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng-Ling
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences; and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yih-Fuh Wang
- Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Change-Ling Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Penghu University of Science and Technology, Penghu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ann Chen
- Department of Pathology and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shuk-Man Ka
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, School of Medicine; National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Generali D, Buffa FM, Deb S, Cummings M, Reid LE, Taylor M, Andreis D, Allevi G, Ferrero G, Byrne D, Martinotti M, Bottini A, Harris AL, Lakhani SR, Fox SB. COX-2 expression is predictive for early relapse and aromatase inhibitor resistance in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, and is a target for treatment. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:46-54. [PMID: 24874483 PMCID: PMC4090726 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratification of patients for treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is suboptimal, with high systemic overtreatment rates. METHODS A training set of 95 tumours from women with pure DCIS were immunostained for proteins involved in cell survival, hypoxia, growth factor and hormone signalling. A generalised linear regression with regularisation and variable selection was applied to a multiple covariate Cox survival analysis with recurrence-free survival 10-fold cross-validation and leave-one-out iterative approach were used to build and test the model that was validated using an independent cohort of 58 patients with pure DCIS. The clinical role of a COX-2-targeting agent was then tested in a proof-of-concept neoadjuvant randomised trial in ER-positive DCIS treated with exemestane 25 mg day(-1)± celecoxib 800 mg day(-1). RESULTS The COX-2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for early relapse in the training (HR 37.47 (95% CI: 5.56-252.74) P=0.0001) and independent validation cohort (HR 3.9 (95% CI: 1.8-8.3) P=0.002). There was no significant interaction with other clinicopathological variables. A statistically significant reduction of Ki-67 expression after treatment with exemestane ± celecoxib was observed (P<0.02) with greater reduction in the combination arm (P<0.004). Concomitant reduction in COX-2 expression was statistically significant in the exemestane and celecoxib arm (P<0.03) only. CONCLUSIONS In patients with DCIS, COX-2 may predict recurrence, aiding clinical decision making. A combination of an aromatase inhibitor and celecoxib has significant biological effect and may be integrated into treatment of COX2-positive DCIS at high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Generali
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - F M Buffa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - S Deb
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Victorian Cancer Biobank, Rathdowne Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - M Cummings
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - L E Reid
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - M Taylor
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - D Andreis
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - G Allevi
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - G Ferrero
- U.O. Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - D Byrne
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
| | - M Martinotti
- Chirurgia Generale, Dipartimento di Chirurgia, Azienda Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - A Bottini
- US Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica/UO Chirurgia Generale Senologica, AO Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - A L Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - S R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, School of Medicine and Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - S B Fox
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Department of Pathology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Zaiss AK, Zuber J, Chu C, Machado HB, Jiao J, Catapang AB, Ishikawa TO, Gil JS, Lowe SW, Herschman HR. Reversible suppression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in vivo by inducible RNA interference. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101263. [PMID: 24988319 PMCID: PMC4079684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), also known as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), plays a critical role in many normal physiological functions and modulates a variety of pathological conditions. The ability to turn endogenous COX-2 on and off in a reversible fashion, at specific times and in specific cell types, would be a powerful tool in determining its role in many contexts. To achieve this goal, we took advantage of a recently developed RNA interference system in mice. An shRNA targeting the Cox2 mRNA 3′untranslated region was inserted into a microRNA expression cassette, under the control of a tetracycline response element (TRE) promoter. Transgenic mice containing the COX-2-shRNA were crossed with mice encoding a CAG promoter-driven reverse tetracycline transactivator, which activates the TRE promoter in the presence of tetracycline/doxycycline. To facilitate testing the system, we generated a knockin reporter mouse in which the firefly luciferase gene replaces the Cox2 coding region. Cox2 promoter activation in cultured cells from triple transgenic mice containing the luciferase allele, the shRNA and the transactivator transgene resulted in robust luciferase and COX-2 expression that was reversibly down-regulated by doxycycline administration. In vivo, using a skin inflammation-model, both luciferase and COX-2 expression were inhibited over 80% in mice that received doxycycline in their diet, leading to a significant reduction of infiltrating leukocytes. In summary, using inducible RNA interference to target COX-2 expression, we demonstrate potent, reversible Cox2 gene silencing in vivo. This system should provide a valuable tool to analyze cell type-specific roles for COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Zaiss
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chun Chu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hidevaldo B. Machado
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Arthur B. Catapang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Tomo-o Ishikawa
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jose S. Gil
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Scott W. Lowe
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Harvey R. Herschman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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92
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Song M, Park HJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice on dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis in mice and LPS-activated macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:311-318. [PMID: 24495471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE AND AIM OF THE STUDY Phellinus linteus is a herb used in traditional Asian medicine to treat stomachache, inflammation, and tumors. Recent studies show that the extract of Phellinus linteus has anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. However, Phellinus linteus extract has limitation of high cost and limited availability because of supply shortage. Here, we grew Phellinus linteus on germinated brown rice to address the issue of supply shortage and investigated anti-inflammatory effect in vivo as well as in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PBR) were extracted using filtration steps, which included γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The PBR (200, 500mg/kg/day) was applied into the mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We used sulfasalazine as a reference drug. In addition, mechanism related to anti-inflammatory was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS In the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis, PBR ameliorated the pathological characteristics of colitis such as shortening of colon length and improved the disease activity index score. In addition, we showed that PBR reduced the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in colitis. Western blotting showed that PBR decreased the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) proteins. Further, PBR treatment reduced the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) (e.g., extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38) in the mouse model of DSS-induced colitis. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with a combination of PBR and LPS showed a significant concentration-dependent inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. In addition, we determined the ability of PBR to reduce the iNOS and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression. PBR inhibited the expression of iNOS, NF-κB, and Cox-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. This study presents the potential use of PBR as a drug candidate against colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Song
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-Gu, Achasan-rho 263, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Department of Food science and Biotechnology, College of BioNano technology, Gachon University, Sungnam 461-701, South Korea.
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93
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Sudsai T, Prabpai S, Kongsaeree P, Wattanapiromsakul C, Tewtrakul S. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 154:453-461. [PMID: 24786574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The rhizomes of Boesenbergia longiflora (Wall.) Kuntze have been traditionally used in treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, aphthous ulcer and abscess. Our previous study indicated that CHCl3 fractions of Boesenbergia longiflora had potential on anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the active constituents of this plant for anti-inflammatory activity in order to support its traditional use. MATERIAL AND METHODS The CHCl3 fraction was isolated using chromatographic techniques. Isolated compounds were tested using relevant in vitro anti-inflammatory assays against LPS-induced NO and TNF-α releases as well as their mechanisms in transcription levels in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS The isolation of the CHCl3 fraction from Boesenbergia longiflora rhizomes led to the isolation of three new daucane sesquiterpenes, which were identified as 8-hydroxy-dauca-9, 11-diene-7-one (longiferone A; 1), dauca-8, 11-diene-7-one (longiferone B; 2) and dauca-8, 11-diene-7, 10-dione (longiferone C; 3); together with four known flavonoids, six known diarylheptanoids as well as one sterol. The longiferone B (2) and longiferone C (3) showed anti-inflammatory activity against NO release with IC50 values of 21.0 and 31.3µM, respectively. Longiferone B (2) also suppressed the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. Moreover, the flavonoids and diarylheptanoids inhibited NO and TNF-α production in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that sesquiterpenes, diarylheptanoids and some methoxyflavonoids found in Boesenbergia longiflora are responsible for anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teeratad Sudsai
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Faculty of Oriental Medicine, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand
| | - Samran Prabpai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palangpon Kongsaeree
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Wattanapiromsakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supinya Tewtrakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Kim J, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Obacunone exhibits anti-proliferative and anti-aromatase activity in vitro by inhibiting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Biochimie 2014; 105:36-44. [PMID: 24927687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the aromatase enzyme CYP19 has been implicated in the onset of estrogen-dependent breast carcinogenesis. Obacunone, a natural compound present in citrus fruits, has been demonstrated for various biological activities including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we have isolated obacunone and obacunone glucoside (OG) from lemon seeds, then fractionated these compounds using chromatographic techniques and characterized them by HPLC, LC-MS, and 2D NMR spectral analysis. To investigate the mechanism of anti-cancer and anti-aromatase activities of limonoids, their cytotoxic effect was tested on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and non-malignant (MCF-12F) breast cells. MTT assays confirmed that obacunone was strongly inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation without affecting non-malignant breast cells. Treatment with obacunone increased apoptosis by up-regulating expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, as well as inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, obacunone significantly inhibited aromatase activity in an in vitro enzyme assay. Exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to obacunone down-regulated expression of inflammatory molecules including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Furthermore, we found that obacunone inhibited COX-2 and NF-κB by activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Finally, the uptake level of obacunone into MCF-7 cells was measured by HPLC and its structure was confirmed by LC-HR-MS. This study demonstrated that obacunone may have the potential to prevent estrogen-responsive breast cancer through inhibition of the aromatase enzyme and inflammatory pathways, as well as activation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845-2119, USA.
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Choi SH, Kim BG, Robinson J, Fink S, Yan M, Sporn MB, Markowitz SD, Letterio JJ. Synthetic triterpenoid induces 15-PGDH expression and suppresses inflammation-driven colon carcinogenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2472-82. [PMID: 24837432 DOI: 10.1172/jci69672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) develops as a result of inflammation-induced epithelial transformation, which occurs in response to inflammatory cytokine-dependent downregulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) and subsequent suppression of prostaglandin metabolism. Agents that both enhance 15-PGDH expression and suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) production may more effectively prevent CAC. Synthetic triterpenoids are a class of small molecules that suppress COX-2 as well as inflammatory cytokine signaling. Here, we found that administration of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-C28-methyl ester (CDDO-Me) suppresses CAC in mice. In a spontaneous, inflammation-driven intestinal neoplasia model, deletion of Smad4 specifically in T cells led to progressive production of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β; as well as activation of STAT1 and STAT3; along with suppression of 15-PGDH expression. Oral administration of CDDO-Me to mice with SMAD4-deficient T cells increased survival and suppressed intestinal epithelial neoplasia by decreasing production of inflammatory mediators and increasing expression of 15-PGDH. Induction of 15-PGDH by CDDO-Me was dose dependent in epithelial cells and was abrogated following treatment with TGF-β signaling inhibitors in vitro. Furthermore, CDDO-Me-dependent 15-PGDH induction was not observed in Smad3-/- mice. Similarly, CDDO-Me suppressed azoxymethane plus dextran sodium sulfate-induced carcinogenesis in wild-type animals, highlighting the potential of small molecules of the triterpenoid family as effective agents for the chemoprevention of CAC in humans.
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96
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Aoki R, Aoki-Yoshida A, Suzuki C, Takayama Y. Protective effect of indole-3-pyruvate against ultraviolet b-induced damage to cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and the skin of hairless mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96804. [PMID: 24810606 PMCID: PMC4014565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations demonstrated that pyruvate protects human keratinocytes against cell damage stemming from exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. This study endeavoured to elucidate the protective capacity of aromatic pyruvates (e.g., phenylpyruvate (PPyr), 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPyr), and indole-3-pyruvate (IPyr)) against UVB-induced injury to skin cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Cultured human HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with UVB light (60 mJ/cm2) and maintained with or without test compounds (1–25 mM). In addition, the dorsal skin of hairless mice (HR-1) was treated with test compounds (100 µmol) and exposed to UVB light (1 J/cm2) for two times. The ability of the test compounds to ameliorate UVB-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation was then assessed. Aromatic pyruvates reduced cytotoxicity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes, and also diminished the expression of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). IPyr was more efficacious than either PPyr or HPPyr. Furthermore, only IPyr inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression at both the mRNA and the protein level in UVB-treated keratinocytes. Topical application of IPyr to the dorsal skin of hairless mice reduced the severity of UVB-induced skin lesions, the augmentation of dermal thickness, and transepithelial water loss. Overproduction of IL-1β and IL-6 in response to UVB radiation was also suppressed in vivo by the topical administration of IPyr. These data strongly suggest that IPyr might find utility as a UVB-blocking reagent in therapeutic strategies to lessen UVB-induced inflammatory skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Aoki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ayako Aoki-Yoshida
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chise Suzuki
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Takayama
- Functional Biomolecules Research Group, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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97
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Xiong H, Du W, Sun TT, Lin YW, Wang JL, Hong J, Fang JY. A positive feedback loop between STAT3 and cyclooxygenase-2 gene may contribute to Helicobacter pylori-associated human gastric tumorigenesis. Int J Cancer 2014; 134:2030-40. [PMID: 24127267 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) contributes to gastric diseases including chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. However, the pathogenesis of this carcinogenic bacterium has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report that H. pylori rapidly triggers STAT3 signaling and induces STAT3-dependent COX-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. STAT3 upregulates COX-2 by binding to and increasing the activity of COX-2 promoter. COX-2 in turn regulates IL-6/STAT3 signaling under basal conditions and during H. pylori infection. These findings suggest that a positive feedback loop between STAT3 and COX-2 exists in the basal condition and H. pylori infectious condition. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that H. pylori-positive gastritis tissues exhibited markedly higher levels of pSTAT3(Tyr705) than H. pylori-negative ones. High pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels are correlated with intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia, suggesting pSTAT3(Tyr705) may be useful in the early detection of gastric tumorigenesis. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between STAT3/pSTAT3(Tyr705) levels and COX-2 expression was identified in gastritis and gastric cancer tissues. Together, these findings provide new evidence for a positive feedback loop between STAT3 signaling and COX-2 in H. pylori pathogenesis and may lead to new approaches for early detection and effective therapy of gastric cancer
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98
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Gheit T, Abedi-Ardekani B, Carreira C, Missad CG, Tommasino M, Torrente MC. Comprehensive analysis of HPV expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Med Virol 2014; 86:642-6. [PMID: 24374907 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in laryngeal carcinoma remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of HPV in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by determining presence of markers of viral infection. HPV DNA and E6*I mRNA status was determined by type-specific E7 PCR bead-based multiplex genotyping and RT-PCR assays in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma biopsy samples. p16(INK4a) and COX-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Four cases out of 32 (13%) were HPV DNA+: HPV 11 (n = 1), HPV 31 (n = 3), HPV 59 (n = 1). One double infection: HPV 11 and HPV 31. p16(INK4a) was overexpressed in three cases (9%) and COX-2 in 17 cases (53%). Two of four HPV DNA+ samples had E6*I mRNA for HPV 31 and overexpressed p16(INK4a) and COX-2. HPV appears to play an active role in a small subset of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. p16(INK4a) can be used as a surrogate marker of transcriptionally active HPV infection; COX-2 expression had no correlation with HPV DNA and/or RNA positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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99
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Liang Z, Liu J, Li L, Wang H, Zhao C, Jiang L, Qin G. Effect of nimesulide on the growth of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Otolaryngol 2014; 35:120-9. [PMID: 24321753 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of nimesulide on the growth of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of NIM on Hep-2 cell proliferation was measured by the MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and apoptosis in Hep-2 cells. A Western blot analysis was used to detect changes in the protein expression levels of COX-2, Survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Hep-2 cells. A Hep-2 tumor xenograft model was established in nude mice to observe tumor growth. The changes in the xenograft tumors were observed after hematoxylin/eosin staining. The expression levels of COX-2, Survivin and PCNA proteins and mRNA were measured by immunohistochemical analysis and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS NIM had time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Hep-2 cells. NIM could prevent the progression of the cell cycle. After NIM treatment, COX-2, Survivin and PCNA protein levels were reduced in the Hep-2 cells. The volume and weight of the xenograft tumors in the NIM treatment group were significantly reduced. The NIM treatment group also exhibited significantly reduced expression levels of COX-2, Survivin and PCNA at both the protein and mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that NIM has significant inhibitory effects on the growth of Hep-2 cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice. Selective COX-2 inhibitors could potentially become part of a comprehensive treatment for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Additional research and development will provide new and broader prospects for the prevention and treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cyclooxygenase 2/biosynthesis
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/biosynthesis
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/genetics
- Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/biosynthesis
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Repressor Proteins/biosynthesis
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Survivin
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoping Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Leiji Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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100
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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Luna OA, Arreguín-Cano JA, Hernández-Bermúdez C. Myricetin blocks lipoteichoic acid-induced COX-2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:126-39. [PMID: 24569980 PMCID: PMC6276007 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by microorganisms present in dental bacterial plaque. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a component of the external membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. It causes septic shock. Ingested flavonoids have been reported to directly affect the regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression induced by bacterial toxins. In this study, we examined the effects of four flavonoids (luteolin, fisetin, morin and myricetin) on the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT, and on the synthesis of COX-2 in human gingival fibroblasts treated with LTA from Streptococcus sanguinis. We found that luteolin and myricetin blocked AKT and p38 activation and that myricetin blocked LTA-induced COX-2 expression. The results of our study are important for elucidating the mechanism of action of flavonoid regulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México,
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