51
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Choi J, Shin DA, Kim S. Finite element analysis of a ball-and-socket artificial disc design to suppress excessive loading on facet joints: A comparative study with ProDisc. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2019; 35:e3214. [PMID: 31070301 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Facet arthrosis at surgical level was identified as major complication after total disc replacement (TDR). One of the reasons for facet arthrosis after TDR has been speculated to be the hypermobility of artificial discs. Accordingly, the artificial disc that can constrain the hypermobility of ball-and-socket type artificial discs and reduce loading on facet joints is demanded. The proposed artificial disc, which is named as NewPro, was constructed based on the FDA-approved ProDisc but contained an interlocking system consisting of additional bars and grooves to control the range of motion (ROM) of lumbar spine in all anatomical planes. The three-dimensional finite element model of L1 to L5 was developed first, and the biomechanical effects were compared between ProDisc and NewPro. The ROM and facet contact force of NewPro were significantly decreased by 42.7% and 14% in bending and by 45.6% and 34.4% in torsion, respectively, compared with the values of ProDisc, thanks to the interlocking system. In addition, the ROM and facet contact force could be selectively constrained by modifying the location of the bars. The proposed artificial disc with the interlocking system was able to constrain the intersegmental rotation effectively and reduce excessive loading on facet joints, although wear and strength tests would be needed prior to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Choi
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dong-Ah Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Robotics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, South Korea
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Ongchai S, Chokchaitaweesuk C, Kongdang P, Chomdej S, Buddhachat K. In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215664. [PMID: 31002692 PMCID: PMC6474626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Senna species and anthraquinone derivatives generated by these organisms, rhein and aloe-emodin, exert anti-inflammatory effects. These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolution melting (HRM) technique was developed using internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2) to differentiate between Senna alata and Senna tora as a result of significant differences in their melting profiles. We used this approach for confirmation of S. alata and S. tora raw materials, and we examined the chondroprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of S. alata and S. tora using a porcine model of cartilage degradation induced by a combination of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-1β. We found that both Senna ethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, effectively prevented cartilage degradation. Rhein and aloe-emodin were present in the extract of S. alata but not in that of S. tora. We observed a reduction in the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into media in both treatments of Senna extracts, which indicated proteoglycan preservation in explant tissues. These results suggest that neither rhein nor aloe-emodin are the main factors responsible for cartilage-protecting properties. Taken together, results show that both S. alata and S. tora are promising for further development as anti-osteoarthritic agents and that Bar-HRM using ITS2 could be applied for species confirmation with Senna products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwan Ongchai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchadawalai Chokchaitaweesuk
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patiwat Kongdang
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Buddhachat
- Excellent Center in Veterinary Bioscience, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Fujita M, Sato-Shigeta M, Mori H, Iwasa A, Kawai N, Hassan AH, Tanaka E. Protective Effects of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Exposed to Mechanical Overloading. Ultrasound Med Biol 2019; 45:944-953. [PMID: 30732913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) application on rat temporomandibular joints (TMJs) with early-stage of osteoarthritis-like conditions induced by mechanical overloading. Fifteen-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups and a control group (n = 10 each). Both TMJs of all rats in one experimental group were subjected to mechanical overloading for 5 d, and those in the other experimental group were exposed to LIPUS for 20 min/d after overloading. Condyles were assessed using micro-computed tomography, histology and histomorphometry. LIPUS treatment attenuated cartilage degeneration, decreased the number of osteoclastic cells and restored the expression of aggrecan after an initial decrease induced by mechanical overloading. These results indicate that LIPUS may have a protective effect on the early progression of TMJ osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Fujita
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Graduate School of Oral Sciences, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Minami Sato-Shigeta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kawai
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ali H Hassan
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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54
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Park CY. Vitamin D in the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoarthritis: From Clinical Interventions to Cellular Evidence. Nutrients 2019; 11:E243. [PMID: 30678273 PMCID: PMC6413222 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults are recommended vitamin D to prevent fractures. Though this population is also at risk of osteoarthritis (OA), the effect of vitamin D on OA is unclear and may differ by disease state. The relationship between vitamin D and OA during OA initiation and progression were considered in this narrative review of in vivo and in vitro studies. Regarding OA initiation in humans, the small number of published observational studies suggest a lack of association between induction of OA and vitamin D status. Most randomized controlled trials were performed in White OA patients with relatively high vitamin D status (>50 nmol/L). These studies found no benefit of vitamin D supplementation on OA progression. However, subset analyses and one randomized controlled pilot trial indicated that vitamin D supplementation may alleviate joint pain in OA patients with low vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L). As the etiology of OA is recently being more fully uncovered, better animal and cell models are needed. According to currently available clinical results, evidence is lacking to set a vitamin D level to prevent OA, and increasing vitamin D status above 50 nmol/L does not seem to benefit OA patients.
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Zak MY, Klymenko MO, Iakovenko NO, Grischenko GV. Medico-social value of osteoarthritis. secondary prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis in comorbidity with chronic gastritis. Wiad Lek 2019; 72:1064-1067. [PMID: 31175745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Introduction: Medico-social significance of osteoarthritis is due to a number of factors, one of which is associated with the need for long-term anti-inflammatory therapy, which is associated with undesirable side effects. The aim: Identify the features of the course of chronic gastritis in patients taking selective NSAIDs for osteoarthritis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Were examined 122 patients with osteoarthrosis, who had verified chronic gastritis in the anamnesis (50 males and 72 females), aged from 42 to 64. Control group included 40 patients with osteoarthrosis without gastroduodenal zone pathology in the anamnesis. For arthralgia relief, patients were prescribed to intake meloxicam (average dose - 12.5±1.39 mg/day) or nimesulide (average dose - 150±14.91 mg/day). RESULTS Results: It was determined that prescription of selective NSAIDs (meloxicam and nimesulide) raised the risk of NSAIDs gastropathy/dyspepsia in 2.9 times (P<0.03) in patients with chronic gastritis in the anamnesis than in patients without associated gastroduodenal zone pathology. Atrophy of gastric mucous membrane was associated with higher risks (P>0.05) of erosive gastropathy. CONCLUSION Conclusions: With the purpose of gastropathy prevention upon taking NSAIDs, patients with chronic gastritis in the anamnesis are recommended to undergo gastroprotective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Y Zak
- Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University, Mykolayiv, Ukraine
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56
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Tan Q, Chen B, Wang Q, Xu W, Wang Y, Lin Z, Luo F, Huang S, Zhu Y, Su N, Jin M, Li C, Kuang L, Qi H, Ni Z, Wang Z, Luo X, Jiang W, Chen H, Chen S, Li F, Zhang B, Huang J, Zhang R, Jin K, Xu X, Deng C, Du X, Xie Y, Chen L. A novel FGFR1-binding peptide attenuates the degeneration of articular cartilage in adult mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:1733-1743. [PMID: 30201491 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported that genetic ablation of (Fibroblast Growth Factors Receptors) FGFR1 in knee cartilage attenuates the degeneration of articular cartilage in adult mice, which suggests that FGFR1 is a potential targeting molecule for osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we identified R1-P1, an inhibitory peptide for FGFR1 and investigated its effect on the pathogenesis of OA in mice induced by destabilization of medial meniscus (DMM). DESIGN Binding ability between R1-P1 and FGFR1 protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and molecular docking. Alterations in cartilage were evaluated histologically. The expression levels of molecules associated with articular cartilage homeostasis and FGFR1 signaling were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The chondrocyte apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS R1-P1 had highly binding affinities to human FGFR1 protein, and efficiently inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathway in mouse primary chondrocytes. In addition, R1-P1 attenuated the IL-1β induced significant loss of proteoglycan in full-thickness cartilage tissue from human femur head. Moreover, this peptide can significantly restore the IL-1β mediated loss of proteoglycan and type II collagen (Col II) and attenuate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) in mouse primary chondrocytes. Finally, intra-articular injection of R1-P1 remarkably attenuated the loss of proteoglycan and the destruction of articular cartilage and decreased the expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes and apoptosis in articular chondrocytes of mice underwent DMM surgery. CONCLUSIONS R1-P1, a novel inhibitory peptide for FGFR1, attenuates the degeneration of articular cartilage in adult mice, which is a potential leading molecule for the treatment of OA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Extracellular Matrix/drug effects
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Oligopeptides/therapeutic use
- Osteoarthritis/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Osteoarthritis/prevention & control
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Tissue Culture Techniques
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - Z Lin
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China
| | - F Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - S Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - N Su
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - M Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - L Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - W Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - R Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - K Jin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - X Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 00853, China
| | - C Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 00853, China
| | - X Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Y Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - L Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Laboratory for the Rehabilitation of Traumatic Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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Krok-Schoen JL, Brasky TM, Hunt RP, Rohan TE, Baker TA, Li W, Carbone L, Mackey RH, Snetselaar L, Lustberg M, Neuhouser ML. Dietary Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Arthritis Risk in the Women's Health Initiative. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018; 118:2057-2069. [PMID: 29921541 PMCID: PMC6204099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of arthritis in the United States is substantial and on the rise. Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties, have been shown to provide therapeutic benefit to arthritis patients; however, to date few have examined these associations with arthritis risk. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the associations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk among postmenopausal women. DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS The sample for this analysis consisted of 80,551 postmenopausal women, aged 55 to 79 years and with no history of arthritis, recruited into the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study and Clinical Trials cohort between 1993 and 1998. Women completed a 120-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES After a median follow-up of 8 years, 22,306 incident OA and 3,348 RA cases were identified. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% CI for the associations between dietary LCn-3PUFA intake and OA and RA risk. RESULTS Individual and total long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Quintile 5 vs Quintile 1: hazard ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.09 for OA; hazard ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.13 for RA) were not associated with OA and RA risk. Further, no associations were observed between n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and either arthritis outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to examine associations of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake with OA risk and the largest to examine associations with RA risk. Despite their therapeutic potential, the study provides no evidence of benefit of these nutrients in relation to arthritis risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Krok-Schoen
- The Ohio State University-James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Theodore M. Brasky
- The Ohio State University-James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Rebecca P. Hunt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Thomas E. Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY USA
| | - Tamara A. Baker
- University of Kansas Department of Psychology, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Wenjun Li
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Laura Carbone
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Rachel H. Mackey
- University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- The Ohio State University-James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Marian L. Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
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58
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Capin JJ, Khandha A, Zarzycki R, Arundale AJH, Ziegler ML, Manal K, Buchanan TS, Snyder-Mackler L. Gait mechanics and tibiofemoral loading in men of the ACL-SPORTS randomized control trial. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2364-2372. [PMID: 29575090 PMCID: PMC6157011 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis is elevated after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and may be especially high among individuals with aberrant walking mechanics, such as medial tibiofemoral joint underloading 6 months postoperatively. Rehabilitation training programs have been proposed as one strategy to address aberrant gait mechanics. We developed the anterior cruciate ligament specialized post-operative return-to-sports (ACL-SPORTS) randomized control trial to test the effect of 10 post-operative training sessions consisting of strength, agility, plyometric, and secondary prevention exercises (SAPP) or SAPP plus perturbation (SAPP + PERT) training on gait mechanics after ACLR. A total of 40 male athletes (age 23 ± 7 years) after primary ACLR were randomized to SAPP or SAPP + PERT training and tested at three distinct, post-operative time points: 1) after impairment resolution (Pre-training); 2) following 10 training sessions (Post-training); and 3) 2 years after ACLR. Knee kinematic and kinetic variables as well as muscle and joint contact forces were calculated via inverse dynamics and a validated electromyography-informed musculoskeletal model. There were no significant improvements from Pre-training to Post-training in either intervention group. Smaller peak knee flexion angles, extension moments, extensor muscle forces, medial compartment contact forces, and tibiofemoral contact forces were present across group and time, however the magnitude of interlimb differences were generally smaller and likely not meaningful 2 years postoperatively. Neither SAPP nor SAPP + PERT training appears effective at altering gait mechanics in men in the short-term; however, meaningful gait asymmetries mostly resolved between post-training and 2 years after ACLR regardless of intervention group. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2364-2372, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J. Capin
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Ryan Zarzycki
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Melissa L. Ziegler
- Biostatistics Core, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kurt Manal
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Thomas S. Buchanan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lynn Snyder-Mackler
- Biomechanics and Movement Science, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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59
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Morales-Ivorra I, Romera-Baures M, Roman-Viñas B, Serra-Majem L. Osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean Diet: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1030. [PMID: 30087302 PMCID: PMC6115848 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects 240 million people globally. Few studies have examined the links between osteoarthritis and the Mediterranean diet (MD). The aim of this paper was to systematically review and analyze the epidemiological evidence in humans on the MD and its association with OA. A systematic search of EMBASE identified three studies that explored the association between MD and OA. Two of them were cross-sectional and the third one was a 16-week randomized clinical trial. Prisma declaration was followed to carry out this review. These studies described a positive association between a higher adherence to a MD and the quality of life of participants suffering OA. The prevalence of OA was lower in participants with a higher adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Biomarkers of inflammation and cartilage degradation related to OA were also analyzed and significant differences were detected only for IL1-α, which decreased in the MD group. Exploring the relationship between MD and OA is complex, moreover, the limited evidence and methodological differences in such studies makes it difficult to compare results. In conclusion, the three studies included in this systematic review demonstrated some relation between osteoarthritis and a Mediterranean diet. However, prospective and longer interventions are required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of the Mediterranean diet to improve symptomatology and preventing osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Morales-Ivorra
- Department of Rheumatology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Romera-Baures
- Department of Rheumatology, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Blanca Roman-Viñas
- School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain.
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE), Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences IUIBS, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
- Nutrition Research Foundation, University of Barcelona Science Park, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Huang TC, Chang WT, Hu YC, Hsieh BS, Cheng HL, Yen JH, Chiu PR, Chang KL. Zinc Protects Articular Chondrocytes through Changes in Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidants, Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinases. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040471. [PMID: 29641501 PMCID: PMC5946256 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative joint disease characterized by high oxidative stress, chondrocyte death and cartilage damage. Zinc has been implicated in the antioxidant capacity of the cell, and its deficiency might inhibit chondrocyte proliferation. The present study examined the potential of zinc as a preventive supplement against OA using the in vitro chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 and an in vivo Wistar rat model to mimic OA progress induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). The results demonstrated that, in SW1353 cells, 5 μM MIA exposure increased oxidative stress and decreased the expression of GPx1 and Mn-SOD but still increased GSH levels and HO-1 expression and enhanced the expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. Zinc addition could block these changes. Besides, the expression of Nrf2 and phosphorylated (p)-Akt was dramatically increased, implicating the p-Akt/Nrf2 pathway in the effects of zinc on MIA-treated cells. A rat model achieved similar results as those of cell culture, and 1.6 mg/kg/day of zinc supplementation is sufficient to prevent OA progress, while 8.0 mg/kg/day of zinc supplementation does not have a better effect. These findings indicate that zinc supplementation exerts a preventive effect with respect to MIA-induced OA progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of General and Digestive and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Bau-Shan Hsieh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Pu-Rong Chiu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan.
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Manfredi S, Di Ianni F, Di Girolamo N, Canello S, Gnudi G, Guidetti G, Miduri F, Fabbi M, Daga E, Parmigiani E, Centenaro S, Volta A. Effect of a commercially available fish-based dog food enriched with nutraceuticals on hip and elbow dysplasia in growing Labrador retrievers. Can J Vet Res 2018; 82:154-158. [PMID: 29755196 PMCID: PMC5914087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia in a group of growing Labrador retrievers fed a fish-based diet enriched with nutraceuticals with chondroprotective properties. The puppies ranged from 3 to 12 mo of age and were divided into 2 groups, each fed a different diet. The control diet consisted of a high quality, chicken-based dog food, while the test diet was a fish-based dog food, enriched with nutraceuticals. Hip and elbow joints were radiographed and scored at 6 and 12 mo of age. Overall, 42 dogs completed the study. At 12 mo of age, no differences were found between the groups in the prevalence of hip and elbow dysplasia, although dogs fed the fish-based food enriched with nutraceuticals had a less severe grade of osteoarthritis at 12 mo. It was concluded that the fish-based diet with nutraceuticals did have beneficial effects on the development of severe osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Francesco Di Ianni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Nicola Di Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Sergio Canello
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Gianandrea Guidetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Francesca Miduri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Martina Fabbi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Eleonora Daga
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Enrico Parmigiani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Sara Centenaro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
| | - Antonella Volta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43100 Parma, Italy (Manfredi, Di Ianni, Gnudi, Miduri, Fabbi, Daga, Parmigiani, Volta); Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini, 51/53, 00137 Rome, Italy (Di Girolamo); Forza10 USA Corporation, Research and Development Department, 6450 Kingspointe Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32819, USA (Canello); Sanypet, Research and Development Department, Via Austria 3, 35023 Bagnoli di Sopra, Padua, Italy (Guidetti, Centenaro)
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Askari A, Ehrampoush E, Homayounfar R, Arasteh P, Naghizadeh MM, Yarahmadi M, Tarbiat N, Eghbali SS. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and osteoarthritis: The Fasa Osteoarthritis Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 2:S827-S832. [PMID: 28690163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between metabolic syndrome (MeS) and osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported in recent years; however, conflicting findings have been reported regarding this matter. Inhere we evaluated the relationship between different components of MeS and OA in a Fasa osteoarthritis registry (FOAS). METHODS The registry includes all OA cases who referred to Fasa hospital (Iran) since 2013. Overall, 131 patients with OA with a Kellgren & Lawrence (K&L) score >1 and 261 controls were compared. RESULTS Overall, 82.4% of individuals in the OA group and 40.8% of participants in the control group had MeS (P<0.001). Patients with OA had a 6.8 (95% CI: 4.1-11.4) higher chance of acquiring MeS. After adjusting for sex, age, and BMI, odds' ratio (OR) for acquiring MeS in OA group increased to 10.9 (95% CI: 5.5-21.8). Among MeS criteria's, high waist circumference (WC) has strongest correlation for acquiring OA (OR=27.535, 95% CI: 6.003-126.306). CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that metabolic markers are strongly associated with OA and the addition of each component of the MeS, significantly increases the risk of developing OA, therefore control of metabolic factors and appropriate screening must be considered in health policy making and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Askari
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ehrampoush
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Peyman Arasteh
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Niloofar Tarbiat
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajjad Eghbali
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Ye S, Dai T, Leng B, Tang L, Jin L, Cao L. Genotype and clinical course in 2 Chinese Han siblings with Wilson disease presenting with isolated disabling premature osteoarthritis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8641. [PMID: 29381936 PMCID: PMC5708935 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Premature osteoarthritis (POA) is a rare condition in Wilson disease (WD). Particularly, when POA is the only complaint of a WD patient for a long time, there would be misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis and then treatment delay. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS Two Chinese Han siblings were diagnosed as WD by corneal K-F rings, laboratory test, and mutation analysis. They presented with isolated POA during the first 2 decades or more of their disease course, and were of missed diagnosis during that long time. The older affected sib became disabled due to his severe osteoarthritis when he was as young as 38 years old. Two compound heterozygous pathogenic variants c.2790_2792del and c.2621C>T were revealed in the ATP7B gene through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). LESSONS Adolescent-onset POA could be the only complaint of WD individual for at least 2 decades. Long delay in the treatment of WD's POA could lead to disability in early adulthood. Detailed physical examination, special biochemical test, and genotyping through targeted NGS should greatly reduce diagnosis delay in atypical WD patients with isolated POA phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Ye
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin
| | - Tingjun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Bingquan Leng
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
| | - Lili Cao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan
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Palmieri-Smith RM, Cameron KL, DiStefano LJ, Driban JB, Pietrosimone B, Thomas AC, Tourville TW, Consortium ATO. The Role of Athletic Trainers in Preventing and Managing Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in Physically Active Populations: a Consensus Statement of the Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium. J Athl Train 2017; 52:610-623. [PMID: 28653866 PMCID: PMC5488853 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide athletic trainers with a fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) as well as the best current recommendations for preventing and managing this condition. BACKGROUND Posttraumatic osteoarthritis, or osteoarthritis that develops secondary to joint injury, accounts for approximately 5.5 million US cases annually. A young athlete with a joint injury is at high risk for PTOA before the age of 40, which could lead to the patient living more than half of his or her life with a painful and disabling disorder. Given our frequent contact with physically active people who often sustain traumatic joint injuries, athletic trainers are in a unique position to help prevent and manage PTOA. We can, therefore, regularly monitor joint health in at-risk patients and implement early therapies as necessary. RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations for preventing and managing PTOA are based on the best available evidence. Primary injury prevention, self-management strategies, maintenance of a healthy body weight, and an appropriate level of physical activity should be encouraged among those at risk for PTOA after acute traumatic joint injury. Education of athletic trainers and patients regarding PTOA is also critical for effective prevention and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Athletic Trainers' Osteoarthritis Consortium
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Keller Army Hospital, West Point, NY
- University of Connecticut, Storrs
- Division of Rheumatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte
- University of Vermont, Burlington
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65
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Wei ZJ, Liu J, Qin J. miR-138 suppressed the progression of osteoarthritis mainly through targeting p65. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:2177-2184. [PMID: 28537665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are reported to play key roles in regulating the main risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) chondrogenesis. In the current study, we focused on miR-138, which has never been explored in OA. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of miR-138 and p65 was explored in the cartilage tissues of OA patients and compared with those of normal controls. We then explored the effects of miR-138 on NF-κB signaling activation in both human OA chondrocytes and chondrogenic SW1353 cells in the presence of 10 nM TNFα. The protein levels of p65, COX-2 and IL6 were determined using Western blot analysis. To validate the target gene of miR-138, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed. RESULTS The level of miR-138 was markedly reduced in the OA cartilage tissues compared with those of normal controls. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the level of miR-138 decreased after TNFα treatment for 3, 6, and 12 h in the normal chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-138 suppressed the protein levels of p65, COX-2 and IL6 in human OA chondrocytes and chondrogenic SW1353 cells. A dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-138 significantly suppressed the relative luciferase activity of pmirGLO-p65-3'UTR. More importantly, treatment with TNFα significantly enhanced the protein levels of p65, COX-2 and IL6. However, overexpression of miR-138 could partially abolish such effects. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that reduced miR-138 expression enhanced the destruction of the cartilage tissues among OA patients, mainly through targeting p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Lauro MR, Crascí L, Sansone F, Cardile V, Panico AM, Puglisi G. Development and In Vitro Evaluation of an Innovative "Dietary Flavonoid Supplement" on Osteoarthritis Process. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:7503240. [PMID: 28367273 PMCID: PMC5359531 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7503240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidegenerative effect in osteoarthritis damage of eriocitrin alone and eriocitrin formulated as innovative "dietary flavonoid supplement." A complexation between eriocitrin and hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin by solubilization/freeze-drying method was performed. The complex in solution was evaluated by phase solubility studies and the optimal 1 : 2 flavanone/cyclodextrin molar ratio was selected. Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin was able to complex eriocitrin as confirmed by UV-Vis absorption, DSC, and FTIR studies. The complex formed increased the eriocitrin water solubility (from 4.1 ± 0.2 g·L-1 to 11.0 ± 0.1 g·L-1) and dissolution rate (from 37.0% to 100%) in 30 min. The in vitro studies exhibit the notion that eriocitrin and its complex inhibit AGEs in a similar manner because hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin does not interfere with the flavanone intrinsic property. Instead, the presence of cyclodextrin improves eriocitrin antioxidant stability maintaining a high fluorescence value until 8 hours with respect to the pure materials. Moreover, hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin showed moderate GAGs restoration acting synergistically with the complexed compound to maintain the structural chondrocytes integrity. The results point out that ERT/HP-betaCD complex possesses technological and biological characteristics able to obtain an easily soluble nutraceutical product, which reduces the degenerative and oxidative damage which occurs in osteoarthritis, and improve the patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Lucia Crascí
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Sansone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Panico
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Science, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
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Barton KI, Shekarforoush M, Heard BJ, Sevick JL, Vakil P, Atarod M, Martin R, Achari Y, Hart DA, Frank CB, Shrive NG. Use of pre-clinical surgically induced models to understand biomechanical and biological consequences of PTOA development. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:454-465. [PMID: 27256202 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development is often observed following traumatic knee injuries involving key stabilising structures such as the cruciate ligaments or the menisci. Both biomechanical and biological alterations that follow knee injuries have been implicated in PTOA development, although it has not been possible to differentiate clearly between the two causal factors. This review critically examines the outcomes from pre-clinical lapine and ovine injury models arising in the authors' laboratories and differing in severity of PTOA development and progression. Specifically, we focus on how varying severity of knee injuries influence the subsequent alterations in kinematics, kinetics, and biological outcomes. The immediate impact of injury on the lubrication capacity of the joint is examined in the context of its influence on biomechanical alterations, thus linking the biological changes to abnormal kinematics, leading to a focus on the potential areas for interventions to inhibit or prevent development of the disease. We believe that PTOA results from altered cartilage surface interactions where biological and biomechanical factors intersect, and mitigating acute joint inflammation may be critical to prolonging PTOA development. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:454-465, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen I Barton
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehdi Shekarforoush
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan J Heard
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Sevick
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paria Vakil
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad Atarod
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ryan Martin
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Section of Orthopaedics, University of Calgary, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yamini Achari
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cyril B Frank
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Nigel G Shrive
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Febbraio
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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69
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Ruangsuriya J, Budprom P, Viriyakhasem N, Kongdang P, Chokchaitaweesuk C, Sirikaew N, Chomdej S, Nganvongpanit K, Ongchai S. Suppression of Cartilage Degradation by Zingerone Involving the p38 and JNK MAPK Signaling Pathway. Planta Med 2017; 83:268-276. [PMID: 27574898 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-113387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Zingerone, an active compound that is present in cooked ginger, has been claimed to be a bioactive ingredient that holds the potential of preventing and/or treating diseases involving inflammation. In this study, zingerone was used to discover its properties against joint inflammation using interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritis in cartilage explant and cell culture models. Zingerone was supplemented into the cartilage explant and cell culture media at different concentrations along with the presence of interleukin-1β, an inducer of osteoarthritis. Markers indicating cartilage degradation, inflammation, and the signaling molecules involved in the inflammatory induction were investigated. Diacerien, an anti-osteoarthritic drug, was used as a positive control. Zingerone at a concentration of 40 µM reduced the level of matrix metalloproteinase-13 to about 31.95 ± 4.33 % compared with the interleukin-1β-treated group and halted cartilage explant degradation as indicated by reducing the accumulative release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by falling to the control concomitantly with an elevation of the remaining contents of uronic acid and collagen in the explant tissues when zingerone was added. In the SW1353 cell line model, zingerone efficiently suppressed the expression of TNF-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 mRNA levels and tended to reduce the levels of both p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that zingerone potentially reduced cartilage degradation, which is partially involved in p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases of the mitogen activator protein kinase signaling pathway leading to the reduction of proinflammatory cytokine amplification effects and cartilage-degrading enzyme syntheses. This finding supports the contention that ginger holds positive pharmaceutical effects against osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetsada Ruangsuriya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Budprom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nawarat Viriyakhasem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patiwat Kongdang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Nutnicha Sirikaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Korakot Nganvongpanit
- Animal Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Ongchai
- Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry and the Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Tomaszewski W, Paradowska A. Analysis of Therapeutic Effectiveness of Selected Types of Collagen in Prevention and Treatment of Degenerative Joint Disease. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2017; 19:9-22. [PMID: 28436377 DOI: 10.5604/15093492.1233702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of collagen is a natural development accompanying aging of the body. It may be additionally accelerated by various conditions, including osteoarthritis (OA). Within the last two decades numerous and diverse studies have been conducted worldwide with the aim of identifying substances containing collagen, producing therapeutic preparations of expected effectiveness in the prevention and therapy of OA that would be safe to use and developing methods of delivering the final product into the body. The authors reviewed and analysed the latest available literature by selecting papers presenting the findings of studies conducted in line with the principles of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). The studies have been ordered from in vitro trials (studies on animals in the laboratory setting, use of tissue engineering methods to assess the effect of cartilage transplants, use of different collagen types for development of scaffolds etc.) to in vivo clinical trials. It appears that the findings of the latest multidimensional studies presented below, which confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of new-generation injectable medical collagen preparations, will help these medical products gain their well-deserved position in the comprehensive treatment of osteoarthritis both with respect to their analgesic properties as well as their ability to enable functional recovery and stimulate regeneration of tissues at the molecular level.
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71
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Harada A. [The effect of exercise and sports on musculoskeletal health in the elderly.]. Clin Calcium 2017; 27:117-123. [PMID: 28017954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is insufficient information on the effect of exercise and sports on musculoskeletal health in the elderly. Although the effects of sports are still unclear, the effects of exercise could be significant. For example, exercise improves osteoporosis by increasing bone mineral density and ameliorates sarcopenia by increasing muscle mass, muscular strength, and walking speed. As a result, fall risk is reduced and fracture risk is also likely to improve. Tai Chi is reportedly effective for joint pain and stiffness, and may improve symptoms of osteoarthritis.
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Tao SC, Yuan T, Zhang YL, Yin WJ, Guo SC, Zhang CQ. Exosomes derived from miR-140-5p-overexpressing human synovial mesenchymal stem cells enhance cartilage tissue regeneration and prevent osteoarthritis of the knee in a rat model. Theranostics 2017; 7:180-195. [PMID: 28042326 PMCID: PMC5196895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease throughout the world. Exosomes derived from miR-140-5p-overexpressing synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSC-140s) may be effective in treating OA. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from SMSC-140 (SMSC-140-Exos) would enhance the proliferation and migration abilities of articular chondrocytes (ACs) without harming extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. METHODS SMSCs were transfected with or without miR-140-5p. Exosomes derived from SMSCs or SMSC-140s (SMSC-Exos or SMSC-140-Exos) were isolated and identified. Proliferation, migration and ECM secretion were measured in vitro and compared between groups. The mechanism involving alternative Wnt signalling and activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) was investigated using lentivirus, oligonucleotides or chemical drugs. The preventative effect of exosomes in vivo was measured using Safranin-O and Fast green staining and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Wnt5a and Wnt5b carried by exosomes activated YAP via the alternative Wnt signalling pathway and enhanced proliferation and migration of chondrocytes with the side-effect of significantly decreasing ECM secretion. Highly-expressed miR-140-5p blocked this side-effect via RalA. SMSC-140-Exos enhanced the proliferation and migration of ACs without damaging ECM secretion in vitro, while in vivo, SMSC-140-Exos successfully prevented OA in a rat model. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the promising potential of SMSC-140-Exos in preventing OA. We first found a potential source of exosomes and studied their merits and shortcomings. Based on our understanding of the molecular mechanism, we overcame the shortcomings by modifying the exosomes. Such exosomes derived from modified cells hold potential as future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Cong Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yue-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chang-Qing Zhang, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail: . Shang-Chun Guo, Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail:
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Chang-Qing Zhang, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail: . Shang-Chun Guo, Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China. E-mail:
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Castrogiovanni P, Trovato FM, Loreto C, Nsir H, Szychlinska MA, Musumeci G. Nutraceutical Supplements in the Management and Prevention of Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122042. [PMID: 27929434 PMCID: PMC5187842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are dietary compounds which have a role in the balance of anabolic and catabolic signals in joints. Their regulatory function on homeostasis of cartilage metabolism nutraceuticals is increasingly considered for the management and, above all, the prevention of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage and synovium inflammation that can cause joint stiffness, swelling, pain, and loss of mobility. It is a multifactorial disease and, due to the great percentage of people suffering from it and the general increase in life expectancy, OA is considered as one of the most significant causes of disability in the world. OA impairs the structural integrity of articular cartilage that greatly depends on a balance between the anabolic and catabolic processes which occur in chondrocytes and synovial fluid of the joints, therefore the integration with nutraceutical compounds in diet increases the treatment options for patients with established OA beyond traditional rehabilitation, medications, and surgical strategies. In our review, with respect to the current literature, we highlight some of many existing nutraceutical compounds that could be used as integrators in a daily diet thanks to their easy availability, such as in olive oil, fish oil, and botanical extracts used as non-pharmacologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maria Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
| | - Carla Loreto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
| | - Houda Nsir
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Plant Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedreya, University of Carthage, Carthage 2050, Tunisia.
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy.
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Schmal H, Marintschev I, Salzmann GM. Current status of anti-inflammatory therapy for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Acta Orthop Belg 2016; 82:427-439. [PMID: 29119882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although there is ample evidence that intra-articular injuries are associated with the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the success of anti-inflammatory, disease-modifying treatments to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) remain uncertain. To summarize the current status of anti-inflammatory therapy for PTOA, we conducted a systematic review. 9 clinical studies in humans were identified applying anti-inflammatory agents to prevent or treat PTOA. A total of 347 patients aged an average 41 ± 14 years were included in this review. 5 studies had comparable designs with randomized allocation. Those studies of course had a statistically significant higher Coleman Methodology Score (65 ± 6) than the case-control studies (39 ± 13, p = 0.013). The most frequently reported main outcome parameter was pain assessed by different scales (n = 7), the most examined joint the knee (n = 7). The majority of the analyses (n = 6) focused on the intra-articular (IA) application of hyaluronic acid (HA) reporting mainly positive effects. One study stated positive results following IA administration of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in -patients presenting rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. Platelet-rich plasma was also used to relieve symptoms following acute injury, but the study quality was too low to conclude any effects. Although the initial data, especially regarding IA HA injection, are encouraging, study designs differ substantially. Therefore, current data does not allow us to conclude that anti-inflammatory therapy following acute injuries has beneficial effects on short- or long-term outcomes.
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Abstract
Studies investigating the effect of running on risk for developing osteoarthritis at weight-bearing joints have reported with conflicting results. Generally, moderate-level running is not likely detrimental to joint health. However, many factors may be associated with the increased risk of developing osteoarthritis in runners. Factors often implicated in the development of osteoarthritis comprise those that increase joint vulnerability and those which increase joint loading. It is therefore suggested that running has different effects on different people. Efforts should be made to identify those with joint vulnerability and joint loading, and measures should be taken to have those factors and/or their running programs modified to run safely. Further investigations are needed to examine the effect of running on joint health under different conditions to confirm the association between exposure to risk factors and development of osteoarthritis, as well as to validate the effectiveness of measures for preventing running-related osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Xin Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, China
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Abstract
Fractures of the carpal bones are uncommon. On standard radiographs fractures are often not recognized and a computed tomography (CT) scan is the diagnostic method of choice. The aim of treatment is to restore pain-free and full functioning of the hand. A distinction is made between stable and unstable carpal fractures. Stable non-displaced fractures can be treated conservatively. Unstable and displaced fractures have an increased risk of arthritis and non-union and should be stabilized by screws or k‑wires. If treated adequately, fractures of the carpal bones have a good prognosis. Unstable and dislocated fractures have an increased risk for non-union. The subsequent development of carpal collapse with arthrosis is a severe consequence of non-union, which has a heterogeneous prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lögters
- Klinik für Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - J Windolf
- Klinik für Unfall- und Handchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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El Karib AO, Al-Ani B, Al-Hashem F, Dallak M, Bin-Jaliah I, El-Gamal B, Bashir SO, Eid RA, Haidara MA. Insulin and vanadium protect against osteoarthritis development secondary to diabetes mellitus in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:148-54. [PMID: 26939846 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1159698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic complications such as cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis (OA) are among the common public health problems. The effect of insulin on OA secondary to diabetes has not been investigated before in animal models. Therefore, we sought to determine whether insulin and the insulin-mimicking agent, vanadium can protect from developing OA in diabetic rats. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with insulin and/or vanadium. Tissues harvested from the articular cartilage of the knee joint were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and blood samples were assayed for oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS Eight weeks following the induction of diabetes, a profound damage to the knee joint compared to the control non-diabetic group was observed. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin and/or vanadium differentially protected from diabetes-induced cartilage damage and deteriorated fibrils of collagen fibers. The relative biological potencies were insulin + vanadium >> insulin > vanadium. Furthermore, there was about 2- to 5-fold increase in TNF-α (from 31.02 ± 1.92 to 60.5 ± 1.18 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) and IL-6 (from 64.67 ± 8.16 to 338.0 ± 38.9 pg/ml, p < 0.0001) cytokines and free radicals measured as TBARS (from 3.21 ± 0.37 to 11.48 ± 1.5 µM, p < 0.0001) in the diabetic group, which was significantly reduced with insulin and or vanadium. Meanwhile, SOD decreased (from 17.79 ± 8.9 to 8.250.29, p < 0.0001) and was increased with insulin and vanadium. The relative potencies of the treating agents on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were insulin + vanadium >> insulin > vanadium. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that co-administration of insulin and vanadium to T1DM rats protect against diabetes-induced OA possibly by lowering biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Refaat A Eid
- c Department of Pathology , College of Medicine, King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia , and
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- a Department of Physiology
- d Department of Physiology , Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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78
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Gu H, Li K, Li X, Yu X, Wang W, Ding L, Liu L. Oral Resveratrol Prevents Osteoarthritis Progression in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2016; 8:233. [PMID: 27104565 PMCID: PMC4848701 DOI: 10.3390/nu8040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of resveratrol on osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis have been demonstrated in vitro and in animal models employing intra-articular injections. However, the potential for oral resveratrol supplements to mediate protective effects on OA have not been examined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential anti-OA effects of oral resveratrol on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a standard diet or a HFD, and a subset of the latter also received varying doses of resveratrol. Twelve weeks later, all of the animals were sacrificed and knee joints were evaluated with histological, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL analyses. Mice that received a HFD had significantly greater body weights than the control mice and also exhibited features consistent with knee OA. The mice that received a HFD in combination with low, intermediate, or high doses of resveratrol were only slightly heavier than the control mice at the end of 12 weeks. Quantitative histological assessments indicated that resveratrol treatment partly recovered joint structure in the mice that received a HFD, while high doses of resveratrol prevented the degradation of type II collagen into C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) and retained type II collagen expression in cartilage. Furthermore, TUNEL analyses revealed a reduction in chondrocyte apoptosis in the resveratrol-treated mice compared with the HFD mice. Thus, oral resveratrol appears to exert anti-OA effects in a mouse model of HFD-induced OA, thereby highlighting the potential preventive and therapeutic value of administering resveratrol for obesity-associated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Keyu Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xingyao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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79
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HSDM Research Targets Osteoarthritis. Harv Dent Bull 2010-2011; 70:10-1. [PMID: 26434060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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HSDM Creates Osteoarthritis Initiative. Harv Dent Bull 2011-2012; 71:18-9. [PMID: 26480527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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81
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Jeong YJ, Kim I, Cho JH, Park DW, Kwon JE, Jung MW, Meng X, Jo SM, Song HS, Cho YM, Song SM, Ham YM, Jung YH, Kim CS, Yoon WJ, Kang SC. Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of the Litsea japonica Fruit in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134856. [PMID: 26244981 PMCID: PMC4526681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative chronic disease that affects various tissues surrounding the joints, such as the subchondral bone and articular cartilage. The onset of OA is associated with uncontrolled catabolic and anabolic remodeling processes of the joints, including the cartilage and subchondral bone, to adapt to local biological and biochemical signals. In this study, we determined whether 70% ethanolic (EtOH) extract of Litsea japonica fruit (LJFE) had beneficial effects on the articular cartilage, including structural changes in the tibial subchondral bone, matrix degradation, and inflammatory responses, in OA by using a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA. Our results showed that administration of LJFE increased the bone volume and cross-section thickness, but the mean number of objects per slice in this group was lower than that in the OA control (OAC) group. In addition, the LJFE decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Compared to the OAC group, the group treated with high doses of LJFE (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed a more than 80% inhibition of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Our results suggest that LJFE can be used as a potential anti-osteoarthritic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Cho
- Department of Biological & Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Won Jung
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Min Jo
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Seong Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mok Song
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Ham
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Jung
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Sook Kim
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Chu CR, Andriacchi TP. Dance between biology, mechanics, and structure: A systems-based approach to developing osteoarthritis prevention strategies. J Orthop Res 2015; 33:939-47. [PMID: 25639920 PMCID: PMC5823013 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of human suffering and disability for which disease-modifying treatments are lacking. OA occurs through complex and dynamic interplays between diverse factors over long periods of time. The traditional research and clinical focus on OA, the end stage disease, obscured understanding pathogenesis prior to reaching a common pathway defined by pain and functional deficits, joint deformity, and radiographic changes. To emphasize disease modification and prevention, we describe a multi-disciplinary systems-based approach encompassing biology, mechanics, and structure to define pre-osteoarthritic disease processes. Central to application of this model is the concept of "pre-osteoarthritis," conditions where clinical OA has not yet developed. Rather, joint homeostasis has been compromised and there are potentially reversible markers for heightened OA risk. Key messages from this perspective are (i) to focus research onto defining pre-OA through identifying and validating biological, mechanical, and imaging markers of OA risk, (ii) to emphasize multi-disciplinary approaches, and (iii) to propose that developing personalized interventions to address reversible markers of OA risk in healthy joints may be the key to prevention. Ultimately, a systems-based analysis of OA pathogenesis shows potential to transform clinical practice by facilitating development and testing of new strategies to prevent or delay the onset of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance R. Chu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, MC 6342, Redwood City, California 94063
- Joint Preservation Center, Palo Alto VA, Palo Alto, California
| | - Thomas P. Andriacchi
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, MC 6342, Redwood City, California 94063
- Joint Preservation Center, Palo Alto VA, Palo Alto, California
- Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Boe C, Vangsness CT. Fish Oil and Osteoarthritis: Current Evidence. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2015; 44:302-305. [PMID: 26161757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
According to the 2005 US census, osteoarthritis (OA) was the leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting more than 50 million people. Current treatments are targeted at reducing symptoms of the inflammatory reaction that occurs after destruction of essential joint cartilage. However, these treatments do not prevent significant pain and activity restriction. We reviewed the literature to address claims that fish oil supplementation can prevent or decrease severity of OA. Our extensive search of databases covered all relevant terms related to omega-3-containing supplements and their effects on OA. We hypothesized there would be insufficient clinical studies to justify recommending supplementation to patients.Laboratory studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid reduce proinflammatory mediators and increase joint lubrication in vitro. In addition, canine trials have shown clinically significant reductions in various symptom parameters. Results of human clinical trials have not been consistently significant. Well-designed clinical trials are needed to substantiate or refute the potential benefit of fish oils in OA treatment. Long-term studies are needed to assess the possibility of prevention. In addition, standardization of the fish oil industry is needed for consistency of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Boe
- Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN.
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84
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Sulimov AF, Fel'ker VV. [Chondroprotectors in complex treatment of internal TMJ disorders]. Stomatologiia (Mosk) 2015; 94:31-32. [PMID: 26953425 DOI: 10.17116/stomat201594531-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The article presents a detailed analysis of the clinical studies on the use of chondroprotector (Alflutop) in patients with persistent displacement of the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint in order to prevent the development of secondary osteoarthrosis. The study showed that the inclusion in the therapy chondroprotective action agents allows achieving short-term positive outcomes in most cases, relief of inflammation and pain, as well as improving joint function and stabilization of the thickness of the articular cartilage that provides cushioning function.
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85
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Stern RE, Assal M. Dorsal multiple plating without routine transarticular screws for fixation of Lisfranc injury. Orthopedics 2014; 37:815-9. [PMID: 25437072 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20141124-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Following a Lisfranc joint injury, stable fixation of the tarsometatarsal joints is crucial to avoid deformity and posttraumatic osteoarthritis, but the ideal method of fixation remains controversial. Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of all involved joints with cast immobilization resulted in loss of position, and was replaced by open reduction with improved fixation using transarticular screws. However, it seems intuitive that transarticular screws will result in further damage to already traumatized joints, and this has led to plate-spanning techniques. The objective of this study was to describe the method of dorsal multiple plating without the routine use of transarticular screws, and to report on the ability of plate fixation to maintain alignment comparable to that of transarticular screw fixation in 15 patients.
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86
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Valverde-Franco G, Hum D, Matsuo K, Lussier B, Pelletier JP, Fahmi H, Kapoor M, Martel-Pelletier J. The in vivo effect of prophylactic subchondral bone protection of osteoarthritic synovial membrane in bone-specific Ephb4-overexpressing mice. Am J Pathol 2014; 185:335-46. [PMID: 25453723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive joint destruction, including synovial membrane alteration. EphB4 and its ligand ephrin-B2 were found in vitro to positively affect OA subchondral bone and cartilage. In vivo in an experimental mouse model overexpressing bone-specific Ephb4 (TgEphB4), a protective effect was found on both the subchondral bone and cartilage during OA. We investigated in the TgEphB4 mouse model the in vivo effect on synovial membrane during OA. Knee OA was surgically induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Synovial membrane was evaluated using histology, histomorphometry, IHC, and real-time PCR. Compared to DMM-wild-type (WT) mice, DMM-TgEphB4 mice had a significant decrease in synovial membrane thickness, vascular endothelial growth factor, and the profibrotic markers fibrin, type 1 procollagen, type 3 collagen, connective tissue growth factor, smooth muscle actin-α, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, and procollagen-lysine, and 2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 2. Moreover, factors known to modulate transforming growth factor-β signaling, transforming growth factor receptor 1/ALK1, phosphorylated Smad-1, and heat shock protein 90β were significantly decreased in DMM-TgEphB4 compared with DMM-WT mice. Ephb4 overexpression also exhibited a protective effect on synovial membrane thickness of aged (24-month-old) mice. Overexpression of bone-specific Ephb4 clearly demonstrated prevention of the development and/or progression of fibrosis in OA synovial membrane, reinforcing the hypothesis that protecting the subchondral bone prophylactically and during OA reduces the pathologic changes in other articular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Valverde-Franco
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Hum
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Koichi Matsuo
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bertrand Lussier
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Science, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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87
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Ma Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Dai Y. Knockdown of peroxiredoxin 5 inhibits the growth of osteoarthritic chondrocytes via upregulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:251-60. [PMID: 25236745 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 5 is a member of the peroxiredoxin family, which has been shown to act as an antioxidant whose main function is to reduce reactive oxygen species in cells. Peroxiredoxin 5 has been found to be abnormally elevated in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. However, the detailed mechanism by which peroxiredoxin 5 modulates human osteoarthritic chondrocytes' survival has not been elucidated. In the current study, we demonstrated that peroxiredoxin 5 knockdown activated osteoarthritic chondrocytes apoptosis, and decreased scavenging of endogenous reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, silencing of peroxiredoxin 5 resulted in an altered expression of proteins associated with Wnt signaling. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the regulatory effects of peroxiredoxin 5 can be partially attributed to Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Ma
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongheng Li
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yehong Dai
- Department of Combination of Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, You Yi Road 1#, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
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88
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Boudenot A, Presle N, Uzbekov R, Toumi H, Pallu S, Lespessailles E. Effect of interval-training exercise on subchondral bone in a chemically-induced osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1176-85. [PMID: 24928318 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of subchondral bone in osteoarthritis (OA) development is well admitted. Cross-talk between subchondral bone and cartilage may be disrupted in OA, leading to altered subchondral bone remodeling. Osteocytes are involved in bone remodeling control and could play a key role in OA progression. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of interval-training exercise on subchondral bone and osteocyte in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of experimental OA. METHODS At baseline, 48 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were separated into two groups: interval-training exercise or no exercise for 10 weeks. After this training period, each group was divided into two subgroups: MIA-injected knee (1 mg/100 μl saline) and saline-injected knee. Four weeks later, rats were sacrificed and carefully dissected. Evaluated parameters were: cartilage degeneration by OA scoring, bone mineral density (BMD) by Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), trabecular subchondral bone microarchitecture by micro-computed tomography (μCT), cortical subchondral bone lacunar osteocyte occupancy (by Toluidine Blue staining) and cleaved caspase-3 positive apoptosis (by epifluorescence). RESULTS Our results showed deleterious effects of MIA on cartilage. OA induced a decrease in proximal tibia (PT) BMD which was prevented by exercise. Exercise induced increase in full osteocyte lacunae surface and osteocyte occupancy (+60%) of cortical subchondral bone independently of OA. Osteocyte apoptosis (<1%) in cortical subchondral bone was not different whatever the group at sacrifice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that preliminary interval-training improved BMD and osteocytes lacunar occupancy in subchondral bone. Our interval-training did not prevent MIA-induced cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boudenot
- EA 4708 I3MTO, University of Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - N Presle
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Universite de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - R Uzbekov
- Department of Microscopy, University of Francois Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - H Toumi
- EA 4708 I3MTO, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - S Pallu
- EA 4708 I3MTO, University of Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - E Lespessailles
- EA 4708 I3MTO, University of Orléans, Orléans, France; Service de rhumatologie, Centre hospitalier régional d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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89
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McNeill JN, Wu CL, Rabey KN, Schmitt D, Guilak F. Life-long caloric restriction does not alter the severity of age-related osteoarthritis. Age (Dordr) 2014; 36:9669. [PMID: 24981112 PMCID: PMC4150885 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic adipose tissue inflammation and its associated adipokines have been linked to the development of osteoarthritis (OA). It has been shown that caloric restriction may decrease body mass index and adiposity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of lifelong caloric restriction on bone morphology, joint inflammation, and spontaneously occurring OA development in aged mice. C57BL/NIA mice were fed either a calorie-restricted (CR) or ad libitum (AL) diet starting at 14 weeks of age. All mice were sacrificed at 24 months of age. Adipose tissue and knee joints were then harvested. Bone parameters of the joints were analyzed by micro-CT. OA and joint synovitis were determined using histology and semiquantitative analysis. Lifelong caloric restriction did not alter the severity of OA development in C57BL/NIA aged mice, and there was no difference in the total joint Mankin score between CR and AL groups (p = 0.99). Mice also exhibited similar levels of synovitis (p = 0.54). The bone mineral density of the femur and the tibia was comparable between the groups with a small increase in cancellous bone volume fraction in the lateral femoral condyle of the CR group compared with the AL group. Lifelong caloric restriction did not alter the incidence of OA or joint synovitis in C57BL/NIA mice, indicating that a reduction of caloric intake alone was not sufficient to prevent spontaneous age-related OA. Nonetheless, early initiation of CR continued throughout a life span did not negatively impact bone structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna N. McNeill
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Karyne N. Rabey
- />Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- />Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Farshid Guilak
- />Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 375 Medical Sciences Research Bldg, 3093, Durham, NC 27710 USA
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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90
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Jang KW, Ding L, Seol D, Lim TH, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes chondrogenic progenitor cell migration via focal adhesion kinase pathway. Ultrasound Med Biol 2014; 40:1177-86. [PMID: 24612644 PMCID: PMC4034572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been studied frequently for its beneficial effects on the repair of injured articular cartilage. We hypothesized that these effects are due to stimulation of chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) migration toward injured areas of cartilage through focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation. CPC chemotaxis in bluntly injured osteochondral explants was examined by confocal microscopy, and migratory activity of cultured CPCs was measured in transwell and monolayer scratch assays. FAK activation by LIPUS was analyzed in cultured CPCs by Western blot. LIPUS effects were compared with the effects of two known chemotactic factors: N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. LIPUS significantly enhanced CPC migration on explants and in cell culture assays. Phosphorylation of FAK at the kinase domain (Tyr 576/577) was maximized by 5 min of exposure to LIPUS at a dose of 27.5 mW/cm(2) and frequency of 3.5 MHz. Treatment with fMLF, but not HMBG1, enhanced FAK activation to a degree similar to that of LIPUS, but neither fMLF nor HMGB1 enhanced the LIPUS effect. LIPUS-induced CPC migration was blocked by suppressing FAK phosphorylation with a Src family kinase inhibitor that blocks FAK phosphorylation. Our results imply that LIPUS might be used to promote cartilage healing by inducing the migration of CPCs to injured sites, which could delay or prevent the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee W Jang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dongrim Seol
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Tae-Hong Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph A Buckwalter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James A Martin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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91
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Lohmander S. [Time for a modern approach to osteoarthritis]. Lakartidningen 2014; 111:929. [PMID: 24946494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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92
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Green JA, Hirst-Jones KL, Davidson RK, Jupp O, Bao Y, MacGregor AJ, Donell ST, Cassidy A, Clark IM. The potential for dietary factors to prevent or treat osteoarthritis. Proc Nutr Soc 2014; 73:278-88. [PMID: 24572502 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665113003935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease for which there are no disease-modifying drugs. It is a leading cause of disability in the UK. Increasing age and obesity are both major risk factors for OA and the health and economic burden of this disease will increase in the future. Focusing on compounds from the habitual diet that may prevent the onset or slow the progression of OA is a strategy that has been under-investigated to date. An approach that relies on dietary modification is clearly attractive in terms of risk/benefit and more likely to be implementable at the population level. However, before undertaking a full clinical trial to examine potential efficacy, detailed molecular studies are required in order to optimise the design. This review focuses on potential dietary factors that may reduce the risk or progression of OA, including micronutrients, fatty acids, flavonoids and other phytochemicals. It therefore ignores data coming from classical inflammatory arthritides and nutraceuticals such as glucosamine and chondroitin. In conclusion, diet offers a route by which the health of the joint can be protected and OA incidence or progression decreased. In a chronic disease, with risk factors increasing in the population and with no pharmaceutical cure, an understanding of this will be crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Green
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Rose K Davidson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Orla Jupp
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Simon T Donell
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Aedín Cassidy
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ian M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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93
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Abstract
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) occurs after traumatic injury to the joint. It is most common following injuries that disrupt the articular surface or lead to joint instability. The reported risk of PTOA following significant joint trauma is as high as 75%; articular fractures can increase the risk more than 20-fold. Despite recent advances in surgical management, the incidence of PTOA following intra-articular fractures has remained relatively unchanged over the last few decades. Pathogenesis of PTOA after intra-articular fracture is likely multifactorial and may be associated with acute cartilage injury as well as chronic joint overload secondary to instability, incongruity, and malalignment. Additional studies are needed to better elucidate how these factors contribute to the development of PTOA and to develop advanced treatment algorithms that consist of both acute biologic interventions targeted to decrease inflammation and cellular death in response to injury and improved surgical methods to restore stability, congruity, and alignment.
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94
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Naumov AV. [Current possibilities of correcting subchondral bone resorption as a major pathogenetic factor for progressive osteoarthrosis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2014; 86:60-65. [PMID: 24754071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The paper considers the current pathogenesis, by choosing the actual targets of pharmacotherapy with available drugs. It reflects the cytokine mechanisms responsible for lesion of the synovial membranes, cartilage, and subchondral bone. Particular emphasis is laid on the role of chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine, vitamin D3 as drugs that affect the key components of pathogenesis, including the volume of resorptive cavities in the subchondral bone.
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95
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Stem cells may be coming therapy for bone and joint injuries. Post-traumatic arthritis (PTA), a form of osteoarthritis, may no longer be the norm following joint injury. Duke Med Health News 2013; 19:6. [PMID: 24616933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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96
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Abstract
Effective lubrication of synovial joints is important to prevent cartilage degeneration and to keep the joints healthy. This paper sets out the basics of engineering lubrication with respect to the composition and properties of synovial fluid constituents. Two basic types of boundary lubrication are discussed: the presence of highly hydrophilic proteoglycans that provide a water liquid film, and the existence of multilamellar phospholipids lubricating layers at the surface ofarticular cartilage. Based on current knowledge, we may conclude that no single mechanism of boundary lubrication exists, and that effective boundary lubrication of synovial joints is maintained by the synergic effect of all synovial fluid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Daniel
- Division of biomechanics, Department of mechanics, biomechanics and mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607, Prague 6, Czech Republic,
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97
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Halting osteoarthritis progression. Bone underneath cartilage exacerbates OA damage via surplus bone formation. Duke Med Health News 2013; 19:5-6. [PMID: 23984453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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98
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Oprenyeszk F, Chausson M, Maquet V, Dubuc JE, Henrotin Y. Protective effect of a new biomaterial against the development of experimental osteoarthritis lesions in rabbit: a pilot study evaluating the intra-articular injection of alginate-chitosan beads dispersed in an hydrogel. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1099-107. [PMID: 23680875 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the structural benefit of a new biomaterial composed of alginate-chitosan (AC) beads dispersed in a hydrogel (H) derived from chitosan on the development of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbit. DESIGN OA was induced by the surgical transection of the anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits. Animals received a single intra-articular injection (900 μl) of AC beads in H hydrogel, H hydrogel alone or saline a week after surgery. OA development was followed by X-rays. Blood samples were collected throughout the study to measure biological markers (Prostaglandins E2 - PGE2 and C reactive protein - CRP). Macroscopic observation and histological evaluation of articular cartilage and synovial membrane were performed 6 weeks after surgery. RESULTS AC beads in H hydrogel prevented from the development of OA based on the reduction of the Kellgren & Lawrence (K&L) score. It also significantly reduced the histological score of cartilage lesion severity. This effect was homogenous on every joint compartment. It was due to a significant effect on cartilage structure and cellularity scores. The injection of AC beads in H hydrogel also tended to reduce the synovial membrane inflammation. No significant variation of biological markers was noted. CONCLUSIONS The present pilot study provides interesting and promising results for the use of AC beads in H hydrogel in animal. It indeed prevented the development of OA cartilage lesions without inflammatory signs. The potencies of this biomaterial to protect OA joint should be further documented. It could then represent a new alternative for viscosupplementation in human OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Oprenyeszk
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.
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99
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Top 5 ways to reduce crippling hand pain. These nonsurgical solutions will enhance daily activities and independence. Harv Health Lett 2013; 38:4. [PMID: 24409538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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100
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Zhao ZJ, Li Q, Yang PZ, Wang H, Kong LC, Wang LH, Sun LY. Selenium: a protective factor for Kaschin-Beck disease in Qing-Tibet Plateau. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:1-4. [PMID: 23649369 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is a close relationship between selenium deficiency and Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD). Although the etiology of KBD is not known and selenium deficiency is not its actual cause, it is an important environmental risk factor. In particular, in the Qing-Tibet Plateau, a selenium-deficient region, the prevalence of KBD is serious and still increasing and continues to damage public health. By providing selenium to the population in appropriate amounts, and especially to children, KBD can be effectively controlled and prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhao
- Qianghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China.
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