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Logeshwaran P, Sivaram AK, Surapaneni A, Kannan K, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) but not perflurorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at ppb concentration induces chronic toxicity in Daphnia carinata. Sci Total Environ 2021; 769:144577. [PMID: 33482550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Widespread environmental contamination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is well established. Nevertheless, few studies have reported on the aquatic toxicity of PFAS, especially in indicator species such as Daphnia. In this study, the toxicity of two major PFAS, namely perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), was investigated on water flea (Daphnia carinata) using a battery of comprehensive toxicity tests, including a 48 h acute and a 21-day chronic assays. The survival, growth, and reproduction of D. carinata were monitored over a 21-day life cycle. PFOS exhibited higher toxicity than PFOA. The 48 h LC50 values (confidence interval) based on acute toxicity for PFOA and PFOS were 78.2 (54.9-105) mg L-1 and 8.8 (6.4-11.6) mg L-1, respectively. Chronic exposure to PFOS for 21 days displayed mortality and reproductive defects in D. carinata at a concentration as low as 0.001 mg L-1. Genotoxicity assessment using comet assay revealed that exposure for 96 h to PFOS at 1 and 10.0 mg L-1 significantly damaged the organism's genetic makeup. The results of this study have great implications for risk assessment of PFOS and PFOA in aquatic ecosystems, given the potential of PFOS to pose a risk to Daphnia even at lower concentrations (1 μg L-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvan Logeshwaran
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Anithadevi Kenday Sivaram
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Aravind Surapaneni
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia; ARC Training Centre for the Transformation of Australia's Biosolids Resource, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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102
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Zhang R, Yao Y, Tu L, Luan T, Chen B. Non-targeted metabolomics of multiple human cells revealing differential toxic effects of perfluorooctanoic acid. J Hazard Mater 2021; 409:125017. [PMID: 33421881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Differences in toxic effects of contaminants among human cells are essential for evaluating their health risks to humans. In this study, non-targeted metabolomics of multiple human cell lines (A549 (lung), DLD-1 (intestine) and L-02 (liver) cells) was used to address the differential toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The number of differential metabolites (DMs) identified in the PFOA-treated A549 cells (67) was highest, followed by DLD-1 (12) and L-02 cells (10). The categorization of DMs was almost uniquely specific to each of cell lines. PFOA significantly promoted linoleic acid metabolism in L-02 cells whereas this metabolism was inhibited in the PFOA-treated A549 cells. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-13 were about 1.5 times higher in the PFOA-treated A549 and L-02 cells than in the controls. PFOA stimulated the biosynthesis of arginine and the metabolism of vitamin B6 in A549 cells. Arginine and vitamin B6 supplemented into cell culture effectively decreased the levels of IL-6 and IL-8. The inhibition of purine metabolism by PFOA resulted in the arrestation of DLD-1 cells at the G0/G1-phase. Our results suggest that the differential toxicity of PFOA related to exposure pathways could be elucidated by metabolic profiles specific to various human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lanyin Tu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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103
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Wang Z, Zhang T, Wu J, Wei X, Xu A, Wang S, Wang Z. Male reproductive toxicity of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA): Rodent studies. Chemosphere 2021; 270:128608. [PMID: 33081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an artificial organic substance widely used for decades, which seriously threatens human health. This study aimed to identify human-relevant correlates between PFOA exposure and the male rodent reproductive system. We performed a systematic literature review of the relevant literature of PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, Web of Science and Embase from the establishment to April 2020. Studies included the effects of PFOA on the reproductive system of male rodents. The meta-analysis was performed on the basis of the following points: level of testosterone and estradiol in serum, development of reproductive organs, pathological changes of reproduction organs and parameters of semen. A series of 16 studies was enrolled in this study. The standard mean difference (SMD) for PFOA-related reproductive toxicity was summarised as -0.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71, -0.07). The lower serum testosterone levels, decreased absolute testicular and epididymal weights, higher serum estradiol levels, elevated relative testicular and seminal vesicle weights and increased incidence of Leydig cell adenoma and percentage of abnormal sperm were observed in the exposed group compared with the control group. However, no statistical difference was found in the day of preputial separation of pups and percentage of motile sperm. In conclusion, PFOA exposure heightens the reproductive system damage in male rodents. However, many studies included in the review did not identify mechanisms by which PFOA induces changes to the male reproductive system, which is an area for additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Jiajin Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Xiyi Wei
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China
| | - Aiming Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Shangqian Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300, Guangzhou Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210029, China.
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104
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Li F, Yu Y, Guo M, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Qu M, Sun X, Li Z, Zhai Y, Tan Z. Integrated analysis of physiological, transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into detoxication disruption of PFOA exposure in Mytilus edulis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 214:112081. [PMID: 33677383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent environmental contaminant, resists environmental degradation and bioaccumulates in food chains. Lots of literatures have proved that PFOA exposure could disrupt detoxifying function in a variety of organisms, however, it still remained poorly known about this in mollusk. Here, we examined physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic responses to PFOA in Mytilus edulis, a model organism frequently used in studies of aquatic pollution. We aimed to characterize PFOA-induced stress responses and detoxification mechanisms. PFOA exposure significantly altered antioxidant enzyme activity levels and the abundances of lipid peroxidation products. In addition, transcriptomic analysis indicated that several genes associated with oxidative stress and detoxication were differentially expressed after PFOA exposure. In combination, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that PFOA exposure disturbed several metabolic processes in M. edulis, including the lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism etc. Molecular examination and enzymes assay of PFOA-exposed M. edulis after a 7-day depuration period still did not recover to control levels. The Pathway enrichment analysis proved that several pathways related to detoxification, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway etc, were obviously affected. The present work verifies firstly PFOA disruption to molluscan detoxification and identifies the key pathways to understand the molecular mechanisms thereof. This study provides new insights into the detoxication disruption invoked in response to PFOA exposure in M. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengling Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yongxing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China; College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yanhua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Meng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yuxiu Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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105
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Guo H, Zhang H, Sheng N, Wang J, Chen J, Dai J. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure induces splenic atrophy via overactivation of macrophages in male mice. J Hazard Mater 2021; 407:124862. [PMID: 33360190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a synthetic and widely used chemical, has aroused wide public concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. To investigate splenic atrophy induced by PFOA, male mice were exposed to 0, 0.4, 2, or 10 mg/kg/d PFOA for 28 d. Results demonstrated that spleen weight and relative spleen weight (RSW) decreased in the 2 and 10 mg/kg/d PFOA exposure groups. Iron levels in the spleen and serum were also reduced in all PFOA exposure groups. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of 7 043 genes highlighted enrichment in cell cycle, autoimmunity, and anemia in the spleen. In addition, changes in the levels of hemoglobin, platelets, bilirubin, and heme oxygenase-1 were consistent with anemia. The ratio of total macrophages to M1 macrophages in the spleen, phagocytic ability of macrophages, and levels of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 all increased, thus suggesting the occurrence of autoimmune disorder. Therefore, we concluded that overactivation of macrophages may be an important reason for splenic atrophy induced by PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinghua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiamiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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106
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Tarapore P, Ouyang B. Perfluoroalkyl Chemicals and Male Reproductive Health: Do PFOA and PFOS Increase Risk for Male Infertility? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18073794. [PMID: 33916482 PMCID: PMC8038605 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manmade synthetic chemicals which have been in existence for over 70 years. Though they are currently being phased out, their persistence in the environment is widespread. There is increasing evidence linking PFAS exposure to health effects, an issue of concern since PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) bioaccumulate in humans, with a half-life of years. Many epidemiological studies suggest that, worldwide, semen quality has decreased over the past several decades. One of the most worrying effects of PFOS and PFOA is their associations with lower testosterone levels, similar to clinical observations in infertile men. This review thus focuses on PFOS/PFOA-associated effects on male reproductive health. The sources of PFAS in drinking water are listed. The current epidemiological studies linking increased exposure to PFAS with lowered testosterone and semen quality, and evidence from rodent studies supporting their function as endocrine disruptors on the reproductive system, exhibiting non-monotonic dose responses, are noted. Finally, their mechanisms of action and possible toxic effects on the Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells are discussed. Future research efforts must consider utilizing better human model systems for exposure, using more accurate PFAS exposure susceptibility windows, and improvements in statistical modeling of data to account for the endocrine disruptor properties of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheruza Tarapore
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Cincinnati Cancer Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-513-558-5148
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Center of Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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107
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Vuong AM, Webster GM, Yolton K, Calafat AM, Muckle G, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neurobehavior in US children through 8 years of age: The HOME study. Environ Res 2021; 195:110825. [PMID: 33545124 PMCID: PMC7987860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-related behaviors in children are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between maternal serum PFAS concentrations and child behavior in 241 mother-child dyads within the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study. METHODS We quantified perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) in maternal serum collected during pregnancy or at delivery. We evaluated a total of 17 outcomes of child behavior using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 (BASC-2) at 5 and 8 years (n = 240) and ADHD diagnostic symptoms and criteria with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Young Child (DISC-YC) at 5 years (n = 190). We used linear mixed models and logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to assess associations between PFAS and continuous or dichotomous "at risk" BASC-2 scores; negative binomial regression to calculate incident rate ratios for counts of ADHD symptoms; and Poisson regression with robust standard errors to calculate relative risks of meeting ADHD diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Each ln-unit increase in PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA was associated with higher BASC-2 scores and increased odds of "at-risk" scores for externalizing behaviors, including hyperactivity (PFOS: odds ratio [OR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 5.9; PFHxS: OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5, 4.3; PFNA: OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3, 8.0). PFHxS was also associated with internalizing problems (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1, 3.4) and somatization (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2, 4.0). PFOS and PFNA were significantly associated with 50-80% more DISC-YC symptoms and diagnostic criteria related to hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD. Prenatal PFNA was associated with increased risk of any-type ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal PFOS and PFNA were consistently associated with measures related to hyperactive-impulsive type ADHD across two validated assessment instruments. PFHxS was associated with increased problems with both externalizing and internalizing behaviors. No associations were noted between PFOA and child neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
| | - Glenys M Webster
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruce P Lanphear
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute and Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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108
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Shao W, Xu J, Xu C, Weng Z, Liu Q, Zhang X, Liang J, Li W, Zhang Y, Jiang Z, Gu A. Early-life perfluorooctanoic acid exposure induces obesity in male offspring and the intervention role of chlorogenic acid. Environ Pollut 2021; 272:115974. [PMID: 33218772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an emerging organic pollutant (EOP) hazardous to human health. Effects of maternal PFOA exposure on offspring as well as the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, ICR mouse models of gestational low PFOA exposure (0.05 mg/kg/day) were established to investigate the roles on metabolic disorders of offspring. Body weight, body composition, hepatic lipid levels, transcriptome and metabolome were analyzed. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, inflammasome formation and gut barrier integrity were measured. Furthermore, oral administration of chlorogenic acid (CGA) (100 mg/kg/day) was performed to observe the rescue effect on lipid disorders caused by PFOA exposure. Our findings demonstrated that gestational exposure to PFOA resulted in obesity, hepatic inflammation, disorders of lipid metabolism, and disruption of gut barrier integrity in male offspring. Notably, these adverse effects were attenuated by CGA supplementation. These data suggested that PFOA exposure during early life stage induced potential risks for later onset of obesity and metabolic disorder which could be ameliorated by CGA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenkun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallbladder Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, Institute of Gallstone Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China.
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109
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Bursian SJ, Link JE, McCarty M, Simcik MF. The Subacute Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and/or Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Legacy Aqueous Film-Forming Foams to Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Chicks. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021; 40:695-710. [PMID: 32060944 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As part of an effort to develop avian ecotoxicity information for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) associated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) used by the Department of Defense, the subacute toxicity of PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, 3M AFFF, and Ansul AFFF to Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks was determined. Ten-day-old Japanese quail were administered treated feed for 5 d and then fed untreated feed for 18 d. Analyzed concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, and PFOS + PFOA ranged from 62 to 1955, 162 to 1208, and 43 + 45 to 296 + 292 mg kg feed-1 . Analyzed concentrations of PFOS in feed containing the 3M AFFF ranged from 73 to 1399 mg kg feed-1 , and formulated concentrations of 6:2 fluorotelomer thioamido sulfonate in feed containing the Ansul AFFF ranged from 9 to 1118 mg kg feed-1 . Average daily doses resulting in 50% mortality at day 5 were 38 (34-43), 68 (63-74), 55 (51-59), and 130 (103-164) mg PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, and PFOS in 3M AFFF kg body weight-1 d-1 . Ansul AFFF did not result in any mortalities. Dietary concentrations resulting in 50% mortality at day 5 were 351 (275-450), 496 (427-575), 398 (339-468), and 467 (390-559) mg PFOS, PFOA, PFOS + PFOA, and PFOS in 3M AFFF kg feed-1 . Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:695-710. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Bursian
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jane E Link
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael McCarty
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matt F Simcik
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wasel O, Thompson KM, Gao Y, Godfrey AE, Gao J, Mahapatra CT, Lee LS, Sepúlveda MS, Freeman JL. Comparison of zebrafish in vitro and in vivo developmental toxicity assessments of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2021; 84:125-136. [PMID: 33143551 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1842272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are persistent environmental contaminants that are associated with various adverse health outcomes. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the most prominently detected PFAAs in the environment, which is now replaced with shorter chain carbon compounds including perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA). The aim of this study was to compare the toxicity of four PFAAs as a function of chain length and head group (carboxylate versus sulfonate) with in vitro and in vivo zebrafish assessments, which were subsequently compared to other cell and aquatic models. Mortality rate increased with chain length (PFOA > PFHxA ≫ PFBA) in both whole embryo/larvae and embryonic cell models. The sulfonate group enhanced toxicity with perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) showing higher toxicity than PFBA and PFHxA in both larvae and cells. Toxicity trends were similar among different aquatic models, but sensitivities varied. Discrepancies with other zebrafish studies were confirmed to be associated with a lack of neutralization of acidic pH of dosing solutions in these other investigations, demonstrating the need for rigor in reporting pH of exposure solutions in all experiments. The zebrafish embryonic cell line was also found to be similar to most other cell lines regardless of exposure length. Overall, results agree with findings in other cell lines and organisms where longer chain length and sulfonate group increase toxicity, except in investigations not neutralizing the exposure solutions for these acidic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Wasel
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Yu Gao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, China
| | - Amy E Godfrey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jiejun Gao
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Cecon T Mahapatra
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Linda S Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Eick SM, Enright EA, Geiger SD, Dzwilewski KLC, DeMicco E, Smith S, Park JS, Aguiar A, Woodruff TJ, Morello-Frosch R, Schantz SL. Associations of Maternal Stress, Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS), and Demographic Risk Factors with Birth Outcomes and Offspring Neurodevelopment: An Overview of the ECHO.CA.IL Prospective Birth Cohorts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:E742. [PMID: 33467168 PMCID: PMC7830765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants whose mothers experience greater psychosocial stress and environmental chemical exposures during pregnancy may face greater rates of preterm birth, lower birth weight, and impaired neurodevelopment. METHODS ECHO.CA.IL is composed of two cohorts, Chemicals in Our Bodies (CIOB; n = 822 pregnant women and n = 286 infants) and Illinois Kids Development Study (IKIDS; n = 565 mother-infant pairs), which recruit pregnant women from San Francisco, CA and Urbana-Champaign, IL, respectively. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and gestational age, birth weight z-scores, and cognition at 7.5 months across these two cohorts using linear models. We also examined differences in biomarkers of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), measured in second-trimester serum, and psychosocial stressors by cohort and participant demographics. RESULTS To date, these cohorts have recruited over 1300 pregnant women combined. IKIDS has mothers who are majority white (80%), whereas CIOB mothers are racially and ethnically diverse (38% white, 34% Hispanic, 17% Asian/Pacific Islander). Compared to CIOB, median levels of PFOS, a specific PFAS congener, are higher in IKIDS (2.45 ng/mL versus 1.94 ng/mL), while psychosocial stressors are higher among CIOB. Across both cohorts, women who were non-white and single had lower birth weight z-scores relative to white women and married women, respectively. Demographic characteristics are not associated with cognitive outcomes at 7.5 months. CONCLUSIONS This profile of the ECHO.CA.IL cohort found that mothers and their infants who vary in terms of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and geographic location are similar in many of our measures of exposures and cognitive outcomes. Similar to past work, we found that non-white and single women had lower birth weight infants than white and married women. We also found differences in levels of PFOS and psychosocial stressors based on geographic location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Eick
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Enright
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Sarah D. Geiger
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - Kelsey L. C. Dzwilewski
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
| | - Erin DeMicco
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Sabrina Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (S.S.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; (S.S.); (J.-S.P.)
| | - Andrea Aguiar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
| | - Tracey J. Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
| | - Rachel Morello-Frosch
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (E.D.); (T.J.W.); (R.M.-F.)
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Susan L. Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA; (S.D.G.); (K.L.C.D.); (A.A.); (S.L.S.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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112
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Jain RB. Perfluoroalkyl acids and their isomers, diabetes, anemia, and albuminuria: Variabilities with deteriorating kidney function. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111625. [PMID: 33396145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Data for US adults aged ≥20 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003-2014 were analyzed to evaluate how adjusted (N = 8481) and unadjusted (N = 9080) levels of selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) vary across the different stages of glomerular function (GF) among those who did not have diabetes, anemia, or albuminuria as compared to those who had diabetes only, anemia only, and albuminuria only. PFAAs selected for analyses were: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Irrespective of GF stage, there was no noticeable evidence to suggest that adjusted levels of PFAA for those with diabetes only are any lower than those with no diabetes, no anemia, and no albuminuria. Those who had anemia only were found to have lower adjusted levels of at least PFOA, PFOS, PFDA, and PFHxS than those who had no diabetes, no anemia, and no albuminuria. These results were seen in the presence (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) as well as the absence of chronic kidney disease. For GF-1 (eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), GF-2 (60 ≤ eGFR ≤ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2), and GF-3B/4 (15 < eGFR ≤ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2), those who had albuminuria only had lower adjusted levels of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS than those who had no diabetes, no anemia, and no albuminuria. In general, adjusted levels of those who had albuminuria only were lower than those who had anemia only at GF-3 and more often than not at GF-1 and GF-2. Rise in adjusted levels of PFAA from GF-1 to GF-3A (45 < eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was faster for those with anemia only than any other comparison group for the total population and females.
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Manera M, Castaldelli G, Fano EA, Giari L. Perfluorooctanoic acid-induced cellular and subcellular alterations in fish hepatocytes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 81:103548. [PMID: 33188888 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) pathophysiology and related morphofunction disturbances were studied in common carp at the cellular and subcellular level and with box-counting fractal analysis of ultrathin sections to assess the effect of PFOA exposure on hepatocyte structure complexity and heterogeneity. Three experimental groups were investigated: unexposed; low exposure (200 ng L-1 PFOA); high exposure (2 mg L-1 PFOA). PFOA-exposed cells showed differences from controls at both tested concentrations, manifested mainly as cloudy swelling and reversible vacuolar degeneration. Subcellular modifications primarily involved mitochondria and secondarily endoplasmic reticulum, with evidence of increased subcellular turnover. The alterations were consistent with oxidative stress related pathophysiology. Fractal analysis discriminated exposed from unexposed fish and low from high PFOA exposure based on lacunarity and fractal dimension, respectively. The absence of irreversible organelle alterations and apoptosis/necrosis, along with the increase of cellular complexity, led to the conclusion that the patterns observed represented an adaptive recovery response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, St. R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa A Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Yin J, Jian Z, Zhu G, Yu X, Pu Y, Yin L, Wang D, Bu Y, Liu R. Male reproductive toxicity involved in spermatogenesis induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:1443-1453. [PMID: 32839910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a persistent organic pollutant, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have gained increasing research attention over recent years because of their potential risk to humans and the environment. In this paper, we investigated the reproductive toxicity of these pollutants using a C. elegans model to evaluate spermatogenesis throughout the entire developmental cycle of him-5 mutant by exposing to 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mmol/L PFOS or PFOA for 48 h. Experimental results suggested that PFOS and PFOA exposure led to reductions in brood size, germ cell number, spermatid size, and motility, and increases in rate of malformation spermatids. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that exposure to PFOS resulted in higher levels of damage than PFOA in germ cells only in 0.001 mmol/L exposure group. RT-qPCR was used to further investigate the expression of genes associated with different stages of spermatogenesis, such as mitosis and meiosis, fibrous body-membranous organelles (FB-MOs), and sperm activation. The expression levels of wee-1.3, spe-4, spe-6, and spe-17 genes were increased, while those of puf-8, spe-10, fer-1, swm-1, try-5, and spe-15 genes were decreased. Our results suggesting that PFOS or PFOA may cause spermatogenesis damage by disrupting the mitotic proliferation, meiotic entry, formation of the MOs, fusion of the MOs and plasma membrane (PM), and pseudopods. Loss-of-function studies using puf-8 and spe-10 mutants revealed spe-10 gene was specifically involved in PFOS- or PFOA-induced reproductive toxicity via regulating one or more critical palmitoylation events, while puf-8 gene was not direct target of PFOS and PFOA, and PFOS and PFOA may act on the upstream gene of puf-8, thus affecting reproductive ability. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential adverse impact of PFOS and PFOA exposure on spermatogenesis and provide valuable data for PFC risk assessment. Grapical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Zihai Jian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Park SK, Ding N, Han D. Perfluoroalkyl substances and cognitive function in older adults: Should we consider non-monotonic dose-responses and chronic kidney disease? Environ Res 2021; 192:110346. [PMID: 33068581 PMCID: PMC7736478 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although potential neurotoxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is suggested, previous epidemiologic studies have reported a 'protective' association between serum PFAS concentration and cognition function. Poor outcome assessment, residual confounding, non-monotonic dose-responses (NMDRs), and the role of reduced kidney function in PFAS excretion may be alternative explanations of these findings. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of perfluoroalkyls with cognitive functions assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease word learning and recall; the Animal Fluency; and the Digit Symbol Substitution tests. METHODS We included 903 adults aged ≥60 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014. We computed a composite z-score as an average of four individual cognitive z-scores and used it as the outcome. Linear and generalized additive models were used to evaluate linear and non-linear associations. RESULTS With the linearity assumption, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) were significantly positively associated with composite z-score after adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, poverty-income ratio, health insurance, food security, alcohol, and physical activity. Smoothing plots suggested NMDRs, especially for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a U-shape dose-response. When restricting to participants without chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 613), the positive associations for PFOA and PFNA observed in the whole population diminished, whereas PFOS was inversely and significantly associated with composite z-score. Also, negative confounding effects of fish/seafood consumption seem to be substantial. Effect estimates of composite z-score were -0.055 (95% CI: -0.097, -0.012, P = 0.01) for a doubling increase in PFOS. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that the previous epidemiologic findings of a 'protective' association between PFAS and cognition may be explained by CKD, NMDRs and confounding by fish consumption. PFOS at the current population exposure level in the U.S. may be a risk factor for cognitive decline in older adults with normal kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dehua Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Zhou Y, Li H, Lin C, Mao Y, Rao J, Lou Y, Yang X, Xu X, Jin F. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) inhibits the gap junction intercellular communication and induces apoptosis in human ovarian granulosa cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:125-133. [PMID: 32971237 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has attracted widespread research attention as it is very stable, bioaccumulates, and causes reproductive toxicity. Data from several animal experiments and epidemiological studies indicate that female fertility may decline because of ovarian granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis as oocyte quality is positively associated with effective gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) between GCs. To the best of our knowledge, however, no previous trials have been conducted or reported on the effects of PFOA exposure on apoptosis induction in human GCs. Moreover, the roles of GJIC in GC survival and in the induction of apoptosis in GCs by PFOA remain unclear. To test this, we cultured human GCs in vitro and treated them with 0 μM, 0.3 μM, 3 μM, or 30 μM PFOA for 24 h. We also treated a human ovarian GC line (KGN) with various combinations of PFOA, retinoic acid (RA, 10 μM), and carbenoxolone disodium (CBX, 50 mM). Our findings showed that PFOA lowered human GC viability and increased apoptosis. The effects of CBX resemble those of PFOA. The combination of PFOA and CBX enhances the inhibition of GJIC by PFOA and promotes apoptosis. The effects of RA are the opposite to those of PFOA. The combination of RA and PFOA mitigates PFOA-induced GJIC inhibition and reduces apoptosis. The observed expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were consistent with the aforementioned findings. Hence, our study demonstrated that PFOA may induce human ovarian GC apoptosis by inhibiting GJIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuanping Lin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuchan Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng Rao
- Reproductive Medical Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Lou
- Department of Gynecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyun Yang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiangRong Xu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Bangma J, Szilagyi J, Blake BE, Plazas C, Kepper S, Fenton SE, Fry RC. An assessment of serum-dependent impacts on intracellular accumulation and genomic response of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a placental trophoblast model. Environ Toxicol 2020; 35:1395-1405. [PMID: 32790152 PMCID: PMC7738272 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of environmental contaminants, have been detected in human placenta and cord blood. The mechanisms driving PFAS-induced effects on the placenta and adverse pregnancy outcomes are not well understood. This study investigated the impact of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and a replacement PFAS known as hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, tradename GenX) on placental trophoblasts in vitro. Several key factors were addressed. First, PFAS levels in cell culture reagents at baseline were quantified. Second, the role of supplemental media serum in intracellular accumulation of PFAS in a human trophoblast (JEG3) cell line was established. Finally, the impact of PFAS on the expression of 96 genes involved in proper placental function in JEG3 cells was evaluated. The results revealed that serum-free media (SFM) contained no detectable PFAS. In contrast, fetal bovine serum-supplemented media (SSM) contained PFNA, PFUdA, PFTrDA, and 6:2 FTS, but these PFAS were not detected internally in cells. Intracellular accumulation following 24 hr treatments was significantly higher when cultured in SFM compared to SSM for PFOS and PFOA, but not HFPO-DA. Treatment with PFAS was associated with gene expression changes (n = 32) in pathways vital to placental function, including viability, syncytialization, inflammation, transport, and invasion/mesenchymal transition. Among the most robust PFAS-associated changes were those observed in the known apoptosis-related genes, BAD and BAX. These results suggest a complex relationship between PFAS, in vitro culture conditions, and altered expression of key genes necessary for proper placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bangma
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Bevin E. Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cinthya Plazas
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Stewart Kepper
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Corresponding author: Rebecca Fry, PhD, , Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Lin T, Zhang Y, Ding X, Huang T, Zhang W, Zou W, Kuang H, Yang B, Wu L, Zhang D. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces cytotoxicity in spermatogonial GC-1 cells. Chemosphere 2020; 260:127545. [PMID: 32653749 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane acid (PFOA), a typical perfluorinated chemical, has been suggested to interfere with male reproductive function. In this study, mouse spermatogonial GC-1 cells were in vitro treated with PFOA (250, 500 or 750 μM) for 24 h to investigate the cytotoxicity of PFOA and its underlying mechanisms. Our results indicated that exposure to intermediate and high doses of PFOA suppressed the viability of GC-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, PFOA treatment markedly enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, with diminished activity of superoxide dismutase. Particularly, PFOA exposure evoked a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. Furthermore, the apoptotic index and caspase-3 activity were significantly elevated after treatment with PFOA. In addition, PFOA incubation caused an increase in LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratio. Meanwhile, PFOA resulted in an excessive accumulation of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm. Taken together, exposure to PFOA can elicit cytotoxicity to spermatogonial GC-1 cells in vitro, which may be link to the mitochondrial oxidative damage and induction of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xinbao Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Weiying Zou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Dalei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Steenland K, Fletcher T, Stein CR, Bartell SM, Darrow L, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Barry Ryan P, Savitz DA. Review: Evolution of evidence on PFOA and health following the assessments of the C8 Science Panel. Environ Int 2020; 145:106125. [PMID: 32950793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The C8 Science Panel was composed of three epidemiologists charged with studying the possible health effects of PFOA in a highly exposed population in the mid-Ohio Valley. The Panel determined in 2012 there was a 'probable link' (i.e., more probable than not based on the weight of the available scientific evidence) between PFOA and high cholesterol, thyroid disease, kidney and testicular cancer, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and ulcerative colitis. OBJECTIVE Here, former C8 Science Panel members and collaborators comment on the PFOA literature regarding thyroid disorders, cancer, immune and auto-immune disorders, liver disease, hypercholesterolemia, reproductive outcomes, neurotoxicity, and kidney disease. We also discuss developments regarding fate and transport, and pharmacokinetic models, and discuss causality assessment in cross-sectional associations among low-exposed populations. DISCUSSION For cancer, the epidemiologic evidence remains supportive but not definitive for kidney and testicular cancers. There is consistent evidence of a positive association between PFOA and cholesterol, but no evidence of an association with heart disease. There is evidence for an association with ulcerative colitis, but not for other auto-immune diseases. There is good evidence that PFOA is associated with immune response, but uneven evidence for an association with infectious disease. The evidence for an association between PFOA and thyroid and kidney disease is suggestive but uneven. There is evidence of an association with liver enzymes, but not with liver disease. There is little evidence of an association with neurotoxicity. Suggested reductions in birthweight may be due to reverse causality and/or confounding. Fate and transport models and pharmacokinetic models remain central to estimating past exposure for new cohorts, but are difficult to develop without good historical data on emissions of PFOA into the environment. CONCLUSION Overall, the epidemiologic evidence remains limited. For a few outcomes there has been some replication of our earlier findings. More longitudinal research is needed in large populations with large exposure contrasts. Additional cross-sectional studies of low exposed populations may be less informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Steenland
- 1518 Clifton Rd, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA 30324, United States.
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl R Stein
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, NY, NY, United States
| | - Scott M Bartell
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, Cal, United States
| | | | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO, Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Barry Ryan
- 1518 Clifton Rd, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory U., Atlanta, GA 30324, United States
| | - David A Savitz
- Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States
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Shi L, Zheng J, Yan S, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Xiao C. Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid Induces Cognitive Deficits via Altering Gut Microbiota Composition, Impairing Intestinal Barrier Integrity, and Causing Inflammation in Gut and Brain. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:13916-13928. [PMID: 33151664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an eight-carbon perfluoroalkyl chemical and has been detected widely in many media. Although the toxic effect of PFOA has been confirmed, the influence on gut and brain has not been cleared. Male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 3 mg/Kg (bw)/day of PFOA for 35 days in this work. The results indicate that exposure to PFOA could damage intestinal barrier integrity and impair the synaptic structure. PFOA exposure also caused inflammation in gut and brain by increasing lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 beta, and cyclooxygenase-2 and decreasing interleukin-10. Interestingly, fecal microbiota transplantation treatment could attenuate a series of PFOA-induced changes to a certain extent. The results suggest that exposure to PFOA has potential deleterious effects on gut and brain, and inflammation may play an essential role in evaluating the influence induced by PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licai Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiaojiao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shikai Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunxia Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Schlezinger JJ, Puckett H, Oliver J, Nielsen G, Heiger-Bernays W, Webster TF. Perfluorooctanoic acid activates multiple nuclear receptor pathways and skews expression of genes regulating cholesterol homeostasis in liver of humanized PPARα mice fed an American diet. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 405:115204. [PMID: 32822737 PMCID: PMC7503133 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in their drinking water, food, air, dust, and by direct use of consumer products. Increased concentrations of serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are among the endpoints best supported by epidemiology. The objectives of this study were to generate a new model for examining PFAS-induced dyslipidemia and to conduct molecular studies to better define mechanism(s) of action. We tested the hypothesis that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure at a human-relevant level dysregulates expression of genes controlling cholesterol homeostasis in livers of mice expressing human PPARα (hPPARα). Female and male hPPARα and PPARα null mice were fed a diet based on the "What we eat in America" analysis and exposed to PFOA in drinking water (8 μM) for 6 weeks. This resulted in a serum PFOA concentration of 48 μg/ml. PFOA increased liver mass, which was associated with histologically-evident lipid accumulation. Pooled analyses of serum lipoprotein cholesterol suggest that PFOA increased serum cholesterol, particularly in male mice. PFOA induced PPARα and constitutive androstane receptor target gene expression in liver. Expression of genes in four pathways regulating cholesterol homeostasis were also measured. PFOA decreased expression of Hmgcr in a PPARα-dependent manner. PFOA decreased expression of Ldlr and Cyp7a1 in a PPARα-independent manner. Apob expression was not changed. Sex differences were evident. This novel study design (hPPARα mice, American diet, long term exposure) generated new insight on the effects of PFOA on cholesterol regulation in the liver and the role of hPPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - H Puckett
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - J Oliver
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - G Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - W Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - T F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Peh E, Kittler S, Reich F, Kehrenberg C. Antimicrobial activity of organic acids against Campylobacter spp. and development of combinations-A synergistic effect? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239312. [PMID: 32941534 PMCID: PMC7497993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminated poultry meat is considered to be the main source of human infection with Campylobacter spp., a pathogen that asymptomatically colonizes broiler chickens during fattening and contaminates carcasses during slaughter. To prevent or reduce the colonization of broiler flocks with Campylobacter spp., applying different organic acids, especially in combinations, via feed or drinking water seems to be a promising approach. However, only very few combinations of organic acids have been tested for their antibacterial efficacy against Campylobacter spp. Therefore, the in vitro susceptibility of 30 Campylobacter spp. isolates (20 C. jejuni and ten C. coli) to ten organic acids and ten combinations was determined. The testing of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values was performed at pH 6.0 and 7.3 by using the broth microdilution method and included the following organic acids: Caprylic acid, sorbic acid, caproic acid, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid and tartaric acid and combinations thereof. The lowest MIC values were seen for caprylic acid (MIC range at pH 7.3: 0.5-2 mmol/L) and sorbic acid (MIC range at pH 7.3: 1-4 mmol/L). One to two dilution steps lower MIC values were determined at the lower pH value of 6.0. Furthermore, ten combinations consisting of three to five organic acids were developed. In addition to the tested antibacterial activity, other criteria were included such as approval as feed additives, reported synergistic effects and chemical properties. For nine of ten combinations, the MIC90 values of the organic acids decreased 1.25- to 241.5-fold compared to the MIC90 values for the individual substances. Furthermore, nine of ten combinations exhibited synergistic activities against two or more of the tested C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. A combination of caprylic acid, sorbic acid and caproic acid exhibited synergistic activities against the largest number of Campylobacter spp. isolates (six C. jejuni and four C. coli) with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices (∑FIC) ranging from 0.33 to 1.42. This study shows in vitro synergistic activities of different organic acids in combinations against the major Campylobacter species and could therefore be a promising basis for reducing Campylobacter spp. in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Reich
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute for Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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123
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Fang S, Sha B, Yin H, Bian Y, Yuan B, Cousins IT. Environment occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids and associated human health risks near a major fluorochemical manufacturing park in southwest of China. J Hazard Mater 2020; 396:122617. [PMID: 32298866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite China being the largest global manufacturer of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), few studies have been carried out on the environmental occurrence and associated human health risks of PFAAs emitted from manufacturing sites in China. Here, river water, tap water, soil and leaf samples were collected around a major fluorochemical manufacturing park (FMP) in the southwest of China in 2019. High ΣPFAA concentrations (sum of 12 PFAAs) of 3817 ng/L, 3254 ng/L, 322-476 ng/g dw and 23401-33749 ng/g dw were measured near the FMP in river water, tap water, soil and leaves, respectively, indicating that the FMP is a point source of PFAAs. PFOA was the predominant PFAA in all samples (58.5-98.6 %) indicating the production or use of PFOA at the FMP. PFOA concentrations in most tap water samples (> 300 ng/L in 31 of 38 samples) exceeded the U.S. EPA health advisory. Proportions of branched PFOA isomers in all samples were in 5.9-47.4 %, suggesting the production or use of PFOA manufactured by electrochemical fluorination at the FMP. It is recommended to focus more attention on branched PFOA isomers in the future because otherwise health risks may be underestimated due to their relatively high proportions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bo Sha
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongling Yin
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China
| | - Yuxia Bian
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Louisse J, Rijkers D, Stoopen G, Janssen A, Staats M, Hoogenboom R, Kersten S, Peijnenburg A. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) increase triglyceride levels and decrease cholesterogenic gene expression in human HepaRG liver cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3137-3155. [PMID: 32588087 PMCID: PMC7415755 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are omnipresent in the environment, food chain, and humans. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between serum levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and increased serum cholesterol and, in some cases, also triglyceride levels. However, causality has been questioned, as animal studies, as well as a human trial, showed a decrease in serum cholesterol and no effects or a decrease in plasma triglycerides. To obtain more insight into the effects of PFASs on these processes, the present study investigated the effects of PFOA, PFOS, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) on intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels in human HepaRG liver cells. DNA microarray analyses were performed to provide insight into underlying mechanisms. All PFASs induced an increase in cellular triglyceride levels, but had no effect on cholesterol levels. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of the microarray data indicated that gene sets related to cholesterol biosynthesis were repressed by PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA. Other gene sets commonly affected by all PFAS were related to PERK/ATF4 signaling (induced), tRNA amino-acylation (induced), amino acid transport (induced), and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (repressed). Moreover, numerous target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were found to be upregulated. Altogether, the present study shows that PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA increase triglyceride levels and inhibit cholesterogenic gene expression in HepaRG cells. In addition, the present study indicates that PFASs induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, which may be an important mechanism underlying some of the toxic effects of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochem Louisse
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Deborah Rijkers
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Stoopen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aafke Janssen
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Staats
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Hoogenboom
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ad Peijnenburg
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Souza MCO, Saraiva MCP, Honda M, Barbieri MA, Bettiol H, Barbosa F, Kannan K. Exposure to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in pregnant Brazilian women and its association with fetal growth. Environ Res 2020; 187:109585. [PMID: 32442788 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research pertaining to exposure of humans to per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) has received considerable public and regulatory attention in recent years. Although several studies have reported exposure to PFASs by populations in North America and western Europe, such information is still scarce in Latin America, including Brazil. In this study, concentrations of thirteen PFASs were determined in whole blood collected during the second trimester from 252 pregnant Brazilian women. This is a nested case-control study within the Brazilian Ribeirao Preto and Sao Luiz Birth Cohort Study (BRISA) with selected birth outcomes cases (n = 63) and matched controls (n = 189). PFASs concentrations were associated with conditions including preeclampsia, birth weight (BW), preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Among PFASs measured, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was found at the highest concentration (range: 1.06-106 ng mL-1 with a median value of 3.41 ng mL-1) which was followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, range: 0.11-2.77 ng mL-1 with a median value of 0.20 ng mL-1). A significant positive association of PFOS and PFOA concentrations with fetal growth restriction (p < 0.05) was found. This is the first study to assess whole blood concentrations of PFASs and their effect on fetal growth in pregnant Brazilian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Cristina Oliveira Souza
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Maria Conceição Pereira Saraiva
- Departamento de Clinica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Masato Honda
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture, 920-119, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Marco Antônio Barbieri
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Analítica e de Sistemas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Liao S, Yao W, Cheang I, Tang X, Yin T, Lu X, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Li X. Association between perfluoroalkyl acids and the prevalence of hypertension among US adults. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 196:110589. [PMID: 32278136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear associations of serum perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with hypertension and blood pressure have not been addressed. Cross-sectional data from 6967 adults (age ≥ 20 years) from the 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure above 140 mmHg, an average diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg or self-reported use of prescribed medicine for diagnosed hypertension. After multivariable adjustment, compared with the lowest tertile, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for the highest tertile of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were 1.32 (1.13, 1.54), 1.14 (0.97, 1.34), 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) and 1.18 (1.01, 1.37), respectively. PFOA and PFNA displayed a J-shaped relationship with the prevalence of hypertension. Furthermore, threshold effect analysis showed that the inflection point of PFOA was 1.80 ng/ml. Each 10-fold change in PFOA exhibited a 44% decrease (OR 0.56, 95%CI (0.32, 0.99)) in the odds of hypertension on the left side of the inflection point, and an 85% increase (OR 1.85, 95%CI (1.34, 2.54)) on the right side of the inflection point. Threshold effect analysis also indicated that the inflection point of PFNA was 0.53 ng/ml. Each 10-fold change in PFNA exhibited a 60% decrease (OR 0.40, 95%CI (0.18, 0.85)) in the odds of hypertension on the left side of the inflection point, and an 85% increase (OR 1.64, 95%CI (1.25, 2.14)) on the right side of the inflection point. These cross-sectional data showed a J-shaped association between perfluoroalkyl acids and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Iokfai Cheang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosu Tang
- Center for Environmental Protection, Anyuan, 342100, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanli Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, China.
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Zhong Y, Shen L, Ye X, Zhou D, He Y, Zhang H. Mechanism of immunosuppression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) spleen induced by environmentally relevant concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemosphere 2020; 249:126200. [PMID: 32086066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been identified as a new persistent organic pollutant. This pollutant is ubiquitous in water and environments. Although PFOA is toxic to fishes, the precise immunotoxicological mechanism remains unclear. In this study, HPLC-MS analysis proved that PFOA can accumulate in the spleen of zebrafish. As comparison of 7-day and 14-day data, the cumulative content in the spleen significantly increased by 26% even in the 0.1 mg/L PFOA-treated group. Morphological observations revealed that PFOA can damage immune cells in zebrafish spleen by inducing vacuolization, lipofuscin granule production, and mitochondrial swelling. The Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88)/NF-κB (P65) pathway can mediate the mRNA expression levels of interferon (IFN) and B cell-activating factor (BAFF); immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion is further regulated. RT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of P65 and IFN in the 1 mg/L group after PFOA exposure for 7 d increased by 4.03- and 3.28-fold, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner compared with those of the control group. The linear correlation coefficient (r2) was analyzed, and the results indicated that the Ig-mediated pathway can be affected by PFOA. For example, the r2 between IgD and P65 decreased from 0.641 (7 d) to 0.295 (14 d) after the cells were exposed to PFOA for a prolonged time; the r2 between IgD and IFN increased from 0.562 (7 d) to 0.808 (14 d). The triangle plot method strongly demonstrated that increased PFOA concentration and prolonged exposure to PFOA can inhibit Ig secretion. Therefore, immune organs, particularly the spleen, of zebrafish are vulnerable to PFOA. These results can help to improve the understanding of the possible noncarcinogenic risk mechanisms induced by PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Lilai Shen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xueping Ye
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, South Changqiao Road 999#, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313001, China.
| | - Dongren Zhou
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, South Changqiao Road 999#, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313001, China.
| | - Yunyi He
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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128
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Li P, Oyang X, Xie X, Li Z, Yang H, Xi J, Guo Y, Tian X, Liu B, Li J, Xiao Z. Phytotoxicity induced by perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate via metabolomics. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:121852. [PMID: 31848096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are becoming common pollutants in natural environment, while the toxic effects and defense mechanisms in agricultural plants are poorly understood. Here, lettuce exposed to either perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) at two different concentrations (500, 5000 ng/L) in hydroponic media was investigated via metabolomics. Under the tested conditions, the growth and biomass of lettuce were not affected by PFOA and PFOS, but metabolic profiles in leaves were altered. The composition and metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids and some antioxidants were regulated, compromising the nutritional quality of the plants. Key pathways in energy metabolism were disturbed by both PFOA and PFOS, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and pyruvate metabolism. Amino acid metabolism, e.g., phenylalanine and tyrosine, was disturbed by PFOA. The metabolism of linoleic acid was disturbed by PFOS. The changes of antioxidants and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine indicated the occurrence of oxidative stress and DNA damage under PFOA or PFOS exposure. The main defense processes against PFASs exposure in lettuce included alteration in plasma membrane, activation of antioxidant systems, increase of tolerance and repair of DNA injury. These findings help elucidate the response of plants to PFASs in a molecular-scale perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China
| | - Xihui Oyang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China; Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Xiaocan Xie
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhifang Li
- Department of Vegetable Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongju Yang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China
| | - Jialin Xi
- Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Xiujun Tian
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Zhiyong Xiao
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessments for Agro-products on Environmental Factors (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100029, China; Beijing Municipal Station of Agro-Environmental Monitoring, 100029, China.
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129
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Zhang R, Zhang H, Chen B, Luan T. Fetal bovine serum attenuating perfluorooctanoic acid-inducing toxicity to multiple human cell lines via albumin binding. J Hazard Mater 2020; 389:122109. [PMID: 32004837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), as a typical emerging organic pollutant, can interact with serum albumin. However, it remains to characterize the binding of PFOA with serum albumin and to address the role of this interaction in related toxic effects. We aimed to characterize the interaction between PFOA and albumin for understanding the effects of this interaction on the uptake, distribution, and toxicity of PFOA in human cells. The results showed that viable cell count was significantly enhanced by addition of fetabl bovine serum (FBS) into cell culture medium with 300 μM PFOA treatment. PFOA mainly existed as complexed with FBS, at FBS concentration > 10%, which substantially reduced the absorption efficiency of all cell lines to PFOA. The majority of PFOA was accumulated in the cytosolic fraction, followed by nuclei, and mitochondria. Conclusively, our study suggests that the complexation of organic contaminants with proteins might mitigate their toxicity by reducing cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Zhang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 540080, China
| | - Baowei Chen
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Tiangang Luan
- Sate Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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130
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Wang P, Lu Y, Su H, Su C, Johnson AC, Yu L, Jenkins A. Managing health risks of perfluoroalkyl acids in aquatic food from a river-estuary-sea environment affected by fluorochemical industry. Environ Int 2020; 138:105621. [PMID: 32142913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) production still occurs in China, and the consumption of aquatic products is a critical exposure pathway of PFAAs in humans. In this study, specimens of 16 freshwater and 40 marine species were collected in the river-estuary-sea environment affected by a mega fluorochemical industry park in China in 2015, and the edible tissues of these organisms were analyzed for PFAA levels. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominating contaminant with an overall contribution of more than 90%, and concentrations as high as 2161 ng/g wet weight (measured in the freshwater winkle). All species with the greatest PFOA levels were benthic. The trophic magnification factor (TMF) of PFOA was 1.10 for freshwater species and 1.28 for marine species, indicating that PFOA was slightly magnifying. Analysis of carbon source indicated that freshwater species were more benthic feeding, while marine species were more pelagic feeding. Aquatic food consumption screening values of PFOA were modified according to estimated daily intake (EDI) values, which generated recommendations for limited meal categories and the do-not-eat category. Thus, this study provides recommendations for mitigating the health risks of PFAA-contaminated aquatic food, ranging from food selection to consumption frequency and proper food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yonglong Lu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China; State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hongqiao Su
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Management World Journal Press, Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Chao Su
- State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | | | - Longfei Yu
- Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alan Jenkins
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX 10 8BB, UK
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131
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Peropadre A, Hazen MJ, Pérez Martín JM, Fernández Freire P. An acute exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid causes non-reversible plasma membrane injury in HeLa cells. Environ Pollut 2020; 260:114008. [PMID: 31995777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Health and environmental risks regarding perfluorooctanoic acid, a well-known perfluorinated compound, are still a subject of great concern. Ubiquitous exposure and disparity of results make it difficult to determine the underlying mechanism of action, especially at the cellular level. This study proposes an experimental design to assess the reversibility of adverse effects after a one-time exposure to the compound, in comparison with other more conventional timings. Complementary endpoints including total protein content, neutral red uptake and MTT reduction tests along with division rates and microscopic observations were evaluated in HeLa cells. In addition, PFOA quantification inside the cells was performed. The cellular effects exerted after 24 h exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid are non-reversible after a 48 h recovery period. In addition, we describe for the first time the induction of plasma membrane blebbing and the activation of membrane repair mechanisms after recovery from non-cytotoxic treatments with the compound. This experimental design has provided relevant information regarding the toxicity of this perfluorinated compound, relating all the adverse effects detected to its interaction with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Peropadre
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Hazen
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez Martín
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Fernández Freire
- Department of Biology (Lab A-110), Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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132
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Chen CH, Yang SH, Liu Y, Jamieson P, Shan L, Chu KH. Accumulation and phytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Environ Pollut 2020; 259:113817. [PMID: 31918129 PMCID: PMC7307574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (known as GenX) has been used as an alternative to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) which was phased out of formulations for industrial and consumer product applications in 2015. While the effects of GenX on lab animals have been studied, little is known about its effects on plants. This study examined and compared the accumulation and toxicity of GenX and PFOA in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Both plants showed reduction in biomass and root growth following exposure to PFOA or GenX in a dosage-dependent manner. The bioaccumulation factors (BFs) of GenX and PFOA were plant species-dependent, with higher BFs in A. thaliana compared to N. bethanminana. Additionally, GenX and PFOA were more readily accumulated into shoot tissues of A. thaliana than in N. bethanminana. Exposure to GenX also caused a reduction in chlorophyll content (18%) and total phenolic compounds (26%). However, GenX exposure increased superoxide dismutase activity and H2O2 content (1.6 and 2.6 folds increase, respectively) in N. benthamiana. Overall, our result suggest that GenX is bioaccumulative, and that its accumulation likely inhibits plant growth and photosynthesis as well as inducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Chen
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan ROC
| | - Shih-Hung Yang
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yina Liu
- The Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Pierce Jamieson
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Libo Shan
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Kung-Hui Chu
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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133
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Di Nisio A, Rocca MS, Sabovic I, De Rocco Ponce M, Corsini C, Guidolin D, Zanon C, Acquasaliente L, Carosso AR, De Toni L, Foresta C. Perfluorooctanoic acid alters progesterone activity in human endometrial cells and induces reproductive alterations in young women. Chemosphere 2020; 242:125208. [PMID: 31896193 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Female fecundity is finely regulated by hormonal signaling, representing a potential target for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Among the chemicals of most concern are the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely used in consumer goods, that are associated with adverse effects on reproductive health. In this context, the endometrium clearly represents an important fertility determining factor. The aim of this study was to investigate PFAS interference on hormonal endometrial regulation. This study was performed within a screening protocol to evaluate reproductive health in high schools. We studied a cohort of 146 exposed females aged 18-21 from the Veneto region in Italy, one of the four areas worldwide heavily polluted with PFAS, and 1080 non-exposed controls. In experiments on Ishikawa cells included UV-Vis spectroscopy, microarray analysis and qPCR. We report a significant dysregulation of the genetic cascade leading to embryo implantation and endometrial receptivity. The most differentially-expressed genes upon PFOA coincubation were ITGB8, KLF5, WNT11, SULT1E1, ALPPL2 and G0S2 (all p < 0.01). By qPCR, we confirmed an antagonistic effect of PFOA on all these genes, which was reversed at higher progesterone levels. Molecular interference of PFOA on progesterone was confirmed by an increase in the intensity of absorption spectra at 250 nm in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the presence of β-estradiol. Age at menarche (+164 days, p = 0.006) and the frequency of girls with irregular periods (29.5% vs 21.5%, p = 0.022) were significantly higher in the exposed group. Our results are indicative of endocrine-disrupting activity of PFAS on progesterone-mediated endometrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M S Rocca
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCSS), 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - I Sabovic
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - M De Rocco Ponce
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - C Corsini
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - D Guidolin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - C Zanon
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP) - Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, Padova, Italy
| | - L Acquasaliente
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine 1100 South Grand Blvd. St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - A R Carosso
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Physiopathology of Reproduction and IVF Unit, S. Anna Hospital, University of Torino, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - L De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
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134
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Miranda AF, Trestrail C, Lekamge S, Nugegoda D. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) on the thyroid status, vitellogenin, and oxidant-antioxidant balance in the Murray River rainbowfish. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:163-174. [PMID: 31938948 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid's (PFOA) widespread use, presence and persistence in the aquatic environment has led to an increasing number of studies focusing on its toxicological effects. In Australia, PFOA has been detected in the aquatic environment, however its effects on Australian native fauna are unknown. In this study, male Australian native fish Murray River rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) were exposed to four different concentrations of PFOA (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg L-1). Variations in thyroid hormones (Triiodothyronine (T3)/Thyroxine (T4)) and the presence of vitellogenin were determined in plasma. Oxidative stress responses were evaluated in gills and liver. Exposure of male fish to PFOA resulted in altered T3/T4 ratios and the presence of vitellogenin in the plasma. Activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione- S-transferase (GST) were significantly increased in the gills and significantly reduced in the liver. Lipid peroxidation was observed in both tissues showing that vital organs could not neutralize the peroxides generated by oxidative stress resulting from exposure to PFOA. In natural populations exposed to PFOA, such hormonal disturbances can have negative effects, notably through altered capacity to respond to changes in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Miranda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Charlene Trestrail
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sam Lekamge
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Dayanthi Nugegoda
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
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135
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Xiao C, Grandjean P, Valvi D, Nielsen F, Jensen TK, Weihe P, Oulhote Y. Associations of Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances With Thyroid Hormone Concentrations and Birth Size. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz147. [PMID: 31665456 PMCID: PMC7112969 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate thyroid function during pregnancy is essential for optimal fetal growth. Gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can negatively affect birth size and disrupt maternal and neonatal thyroid function, although the interrelationship is unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify the associations between maternal serum-PFAS concentrations and birth weight, birth length, and cranial circumference. We also aimed to estimate associations between PFAS and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, thereby elucidating whether THs potentially mediate the associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size. METHODS We studied a population-based prospective cohort of 172 mother-singleton pairs from the Faroe Islands. Twelve PFAS were measured in maternal serum obtained at 34 weeks of gestation. THs were measured in maternal and cord serum. Associations between PFAS concentrations and birth size and TH concentrations were estimated using multivariable linear regressions. Sex-stratified analyses along with a mediation analysis were performed to estimate potential mediating effects of THs in the association between PFAS and birth outcomes. RESULTS Several PFASs were negatively associated with birth weight, length, and head circumference, and a general positive association between maternal serum-PFASs and cord serum-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; also known as thyrotropin) was found. For instance, a doubling in perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with a 53% (95% CI, 18%-99%) and 40% (95% CI, 8%-81%) increases in TSH concentrations, respectively. There was little evidence of sexually dimorphic associations. Overall, THs were not found to mediate associations between PFASs and birth size. CONCLUSION In this study, several PFASs were negatively associated with birth size and increased THs; however, this did not explain lower birth weight among children exposed to PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Xiao
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- EHESP-School of Public Health, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pal Weihe
- The Faroese Hospital System, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Youssef Oulhote
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Massachusetts
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136
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Tanner EM, Bornehag CG, Gennings C. Dynamic growth metrics for examining prenatal exposure impacts on child growth trajectories: Application to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and postnatal weight gain. Environ Res 2020; 182:109044. [PMID: 31874421 PMCID: PMC7027597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies investigating prenatal exposures in relation to growth typically rely on cumulative growth measures such as weight or BMI. However, less is known about how prenatal exposure may impact other aspects of growth dynamics, including timing and velocity. OBJECTIVES To describe and apply a nonlinear growth model previously used in other health science fields to characterize postnatal growth trajectories for use in environmental epidemiology studies. METHODS We used a double logistic function to model child weight trajectories from birth to 5.5 years using data from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study. From this, we approximated several infant growth metrics: 1) duration of time needed to complete 90% of the infant growth spurt (Δt1), 2) the maximum growth rate in infancy or infant peak growth velocity (PGV), 3) the age at infant PGV (δ1), a measure of growth tempo, and 4) the weight plateau at the end of the infant growth spurt (α1). We assessed these metrics in relation to prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure among 1334 mother-child pairs, and differences between boys and girls. RESULTS Average estimated infant PGV and its timing (δ1) were 0.68 kg/month and 3.4 months, respectively. Mean infant growth spurt duration (Δt1) was 13 months, ending at an average weight plateau (α1) of 8.2 kg. Higher prenatal PFOA concentrations were related to a longer duration of infant growth (Δt1: 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.11). PGV was not impacted, but higher prenatal PFOA concentrations were significantly related to delayed infant PGV (δ1: 0.58; 95% CI = 0.17, 0.99) and a higher post-spurt weight plateau (α1: 0.81; 95% CI = 0.21, 1.41). After adjusting for false discovery, results were only significant for δ1 and α1. We observed a significant interaction by sex for the association with δ1, and stratified analyses revealed the association was only significant among girls. CONCLUSION Model-derived growth metrics were consistent with published growth standards. This novel application of nonlinear growth modeling enabled detection of altered infant growth dynamics in relation to prenatal PFOA exposure. Our results may help describe how PFOA yields lower birthweights, but higher weight later in childhood. Future applications may characterize adolescent growth or additional metrics of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Tanner
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Chris Gennings
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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137
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Kim HM, Long NP, Yoon SJ, Anh NH, Kim SJ, Park JH, Kwon SW. Omics approach reveals perturbation of metabolism and phenotype in Caenorhabditis elegans triggered by perfluorinated compounds. Sci Total Environ 2020; 703:135500. [PMID: 31759720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are widely used in consumer products because of their remarkable endurance. However, their distinct stability prolongs degradation, resulting in bioaccumulation in the environment which is a severe environmental issue. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are principal constituents in the PFCs. In this study, the potential toxic effects of PFOS and PFOA were evaluated by adopting an in vivo animal model, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The uptake of PFCs was confirmed by the quantification of internal concentration in C. elegans. Metabolomics and lipidomics were applied along with reproduction assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. In the C. elegans exposed to PFOS and PFOA, amino acids including phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, were significantly affected. Also, various species that belong to glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerol were perturbed in the exposed groups. The alteration patterns of the lipidome in PFOS and PFOA treated C. elegans were significantly different. Additionally, dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA)-based ROS assay revealed increased internal ROS in PFOS (1.5 fold, p-value = 0.0067) and PFOA (1.46 fold, p-value = 0.0253) groups. Decrease in reproduction was confirmed in PFOS (0.53 fold, p-value < 0.0001) and PFOA (0.69 fold, p-value = 0.0003) by counting progeny. Collectively, our findings suggest that exposure to PFCs in C. elegans leads to perturbation of various phenotypes as well as crucial amino acid and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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138
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Blake BE, Cope HA, Hall SM, Keys RD, Mahler BW, McCord J, Scott B, Stapleton HM, Strynar MJ, Elmore SA, Fenton SE. Evaluation of Maternal, Embryo, and Placental Effects in CD-1 Mice following Gestational Exposure to Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) or Hexafluoropropylene Oxide Dimer Acid (HFPO-DA or GenX). Environ Health Perspect 2020; 128:27006. [PMID: 32074459 PMCID: PMC7064328 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice and humans, but little is known regarding one of its replacements, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA, referred to here as GenX), both of which have been reported as contaminants in drinking water. OBJECTIVES We compared the toxicity of PFOA and GenX in pregnant mice and their developing embryo-placenta units, with a specific focus on the placenta as a hypothesized target. METHODS Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed daily to PFOA (0, 1, or 5mg/kg) or GenX (0, 2, or 10mg/kg) via oral gavage from embryonic day (E) 1.5 to 11.5 or 17.5 to evaluate exposure effects on the dam and embryo-placenta unit. Gestational weight gain (GWG), maternal clinical chemistry, maternal liver histopathology, placental histopathology, embryo weight, placental weight, internal chemical dosimetry, and placental thyroid hormone levels were determined. RESULTS Exposure to GenX or PFOA resulted in increased GWG, with increase in weight most prominent and of shortest latency with 10mg/kg/d GenX exposure. Embryo weight was significantly lower after exposure to 5mg/kg/d PFOA (9.4% decrease relative to controls). Effect sizes were similar for higher doses (5mg/kg/d PFOA and 10mg/kg/d GenX) and lower doses (1mg/kg/d PFOA and 2mg/kg/d GenX), including higher maternal liver weights, changes in liver histopathology, higher placental weights and embryo-placenta weight ratios, and greater incidence of placental abnormalities relative to controls. Histopathological features in placentas suggested that PFOA and GenX may exhibit divergent mechanisms of toxicity in the embryo-placenta unit, whereas PFOA- and GenX-exposed livers shared a similar constellation of adverse pathological features. CONCLUSIONS Gestational exposure to GenX recapitulated many documented effects of PFOA in CD-1 mice, regardless of its much shorter reported half-life; however, adverse effects toward the placenta appear to have compound-specific signatures. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevin E. Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harlie A. Cope
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha M. Hall
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert D. Keys
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Beth W. Mahler
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - James McCord
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brittany Scott
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heather M. Stapleton
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- Exposure Methods and Measurements Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development (ORD), U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan A. Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), NTP Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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139
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Kwak JI, Lee TY, Seo H, Kim D, Kim D, Cui R, An YJ. Ecological risk assessment for perfluorooctanoic acid in soil using a species sensitivity approach. J Hazard Mater 2020; 382:121150. [PMID: 31561195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is one of the persistent organic pollutants that has been listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention and has attracted attention owing to its endocrine-disrupting properties. However, there is currently little information available regarding the soil ecotoxicity of PFOA and the associated ecological risks. Accordingly, in this study, we sought to assess the soil ecological risk of PFOA based on a probabilistic approach using data obtained from multispecies bioassays and soil toxicity assessments, from which we generated soil species sensitivity distributions and estimated soil protective concentrations for PFOA. Using the latter distributions, we also undertook a probabilistic ecological risk assessment. On the basis of acute and chronic toxicity estimates obtained from bioassays involving eight soil-associated organisms from six diverse taxonomic groups, we could deduce that PFOA poses a negligible risk to soil ecosystems. However, we also found that this chemical may be more toxic than some of the established endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol, and methylparaben, thereby indicating that further in-depth studies would be necessary to obtain a better understanding of the toxic potential of this chemical in the soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Tae-Yang Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Hyomin Seo
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dokyung Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Rongxue Cui
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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140
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Li R, Guo C, Tse WKF, Su M, Zhang X, Lai KP. Metabolomic analysis reveals metabolic alterations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by perfluorooctanoic acid. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124810. [PMID: 31520980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a dispersive persistent organic pollutant in the environment. Accumulating reports suggest that PFOA is toxic to human lymphocytes; however, the toxicological effects of PFOA on these cells remain largely unclear. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-based metabolomic analysis was employed to identify metabolites in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and to assess the metabolic alterations caused by PFOA exposure. Our comparative metabolomic analysis results demonstrated that PFOA treatment could increase the level of organic acids and reduce the level of lipid molecules. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation further highlighted the fact that the PFOA treatment interfered with the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which may lead to disruption of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China.
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi, PR China
| | - William Ka Fai Tse
- Department of Bioresource and Bioenvironment, School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Min Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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141
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Bogdanska J, Borg D, Bergström U, Mellring M, Bergman Å, DePierre J, Nobel S. Tissue distribution of 14C-labelled perfluorooctanoic acid in adult mice after 1-5 days of dietary exposure to an experimental dose or a lower dose that resulted in blood levels similar to those detected in exposed humans. Chemosphere 2020; 239:124755. [PMID: 31726523 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a global environmental pollutant detected in both wildlife and human populations, has several pathophysiological effects in experimental animals, including hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity. However, details concerning the tissue distribution of PFOA, in particular at levels relevant to humans, are lacking, which limits our understanding of how humans, and other mammals, may be affected by this compound. Therefore, we characterized the tissue distribution of 14C-PFOA in mice in the same manner as we earlier examined its analogues perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) in order to allow direct comparisons. Following dietary exposure of adult male C57/BL6 mice for 1, 3 or 5 days to a low dose (0.06 mg/kg/day) or a higher experimental dose (22 mg/kg/day) of 14C-PFOA, both scintillation counting and whole-body autoradiography revealed the presence of PFOA in most of the 19 different tissues examined, demonstrating its ability to leave the bloodstream and enter tissues. There were no differences in the pattern of tissue distribution with the low and high dose and the tissue-to-blood ratios were similar. At both doses, PFOA levels were highest in the liver, followed by blood, lungs and kidneys. The body compartments estimated to contain the largest amounts of PFOA were the liver, blood, skin and muscle. In comparison with our identical studies on PFOS and PFBS, PFOA reached considerably higher tissue levels than PFBS, but lower than PFOS. Furthermore, the distribution of PFOA differed notably from that of PFOS, with lower tissue-to-blood ratios in the liver, lungs, kidneys and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Bogdanska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel Borg
- Swedish Chemicals Agency, SE-17267, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika Bergström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-75236, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Maria Mellring
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Joseph DePierre
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Nobel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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142
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Fan L, Tang J, Zhang D, Ma M, Wang Y, Han Y. Investigations on the phytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:1131-1143. [PMID: 31820230 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has raised concerns for years. Yet, little information on its phytotoxic effects and underlying mechanisms in higher plants is available. To this end, comparative analyses of the responses to PFOA exposure between shoots and roots in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana were performed at the physiological and molecular levels. Our results showed that PFOA exposure reduced Arabidopsis biomass in a dose-related manner, and shoot growth was more sensitive to PFOA than root growth. Consistently, PFOA accumulation and the levels of several metal elements, including Zn, Ca, Cu, and K, in addition to Fe, were more substantially affected in the shoots than in the roots. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that the shoot transcriptional profile was distinguishable from that of roots upon PFOA exposure. Nevertheless, some overlapping genes were present between the shoots and roots, mainly including transporter genes, Fe-deficiency-responsive genes, and oxidative stress-related genes. More importantly, a comparative analysis of ROS-associated genes in combination with other oxidative stress assays pointed out that PFOA triggered certain oxidative stress-associated events more strongly in shoots than in roots. Overall, the results demonstrated that PFOA exposure caused alterations in PFOA distribution, metal element balance, reconfiguration of transcriptomes, and induction of oxidative stress in a tissue-dependent manner in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Hefei Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
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143
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Masi M, Di Lecce R, Tuzi A, Linaldeddu BT, Montecchio L, Maddau L, Evidente A. Hyfraxinic Acid, a Phytotoxic Tetrasubstituted Octanoic Acid, Produced by the Ash ( Fraxinus excelsior L.) Pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus Together with Viridiol and Some of Its Analogues. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:13617-13623. [PMID: 31661270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new tetrasubstituted octanoic acid, named hyfraxinic acid (1), was isolated together with known 1-deoxyviridiol (2), viridiol (3), nodulisporiviridin M (4), and demethoxyviridiol (5) from the organic extract of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus responsible for ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback in Europe. Hyfraxinic acid (1) was characterized, using spectroscopic methods, as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methyl-6-methyleneoctanoic acid. Furthermore, the advanced Mosher method was used to determine the absolute configuration (3R) of 1-deoxyviridiol. Nodulisporiviridin M (4) was isolated for the first time from H. fraxineus. The phytotoxicity of each compound was tested by a leaf puncture assay on Celtis australis L., Quercus suber L., Hedera elix L., Juglans regia L., and Fraxinus angustifolia L. leaves. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited remarkable phytotoxicity on all plants tested, inducing necrotic lesions at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 mg/mL, while compounds 2 and 4 were found to be inactive in this bioassay. These results could contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenicity of H. fraxineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Masi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Roberta Di Lecce
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - Benedetto Teodoro Linaldeddu
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali , Università di Padova , Viale dell'Università 16 , 35020 Legnaro , Italy
| | - Lucio Montecchio
- Dipartimento Territorio e Sistemi Agro-Forestali , Università di Padova , Viale dell'Università 16 , 35020 Legnaro , Italy
| | - Lucia Maddau
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia , Università degli Studi di Sassari , Viale Italia 39 , 07100 Sassari , Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Dipartimento Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 4 , 80126 Napoli , Italy
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Pietrini F, Passatore L, Fischetti E, Carloni S, Ferrario C, Polesello S, Zacchini M. Evaluation of morpho-physiological traits and contaminant accumulation ability in Lemna minor L. treated with increasing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations under laboratory conditions. Sci Total Environ 2019; 695:133828. [PMID: 31419689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of releasing emerging contaminants (i.e. endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, personal-care products and flame retardants) into the environment. Particular attention is being paid to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of their persistence and bioaccumulation, especially in the aquatic environment. In this paper, we present results of a study aimed at evaluating the effects of different perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations (2, 20 and 200 μg/L) on morpho-physiological traits in Lemna minor L. plants. The accumulation of PFOA in the plant's tissues was also monitored. L. minor was selected as a model plant for ecotoxicological studies, and we performed a seven-day assay for this investigation. The results highlight the lack of inhibitory effects on biometric parameters such as mean frond area, total frond number, multiplication rate, doubling time of frond number and average specific growth rate, for each of tested PFOA concentrations. Also, at photosynthetic level, physiological measurements showed that chlorophyll content and electron transport rate (ETR) were not affected by the exposure to PFOA. Remarkably, the chlorophyll fluorescence images, used for the first time in a study on PFOA, evidenced no impairment to the photosynthetic efficiency, measured by the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII) and the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) over the leaf surface of PFOA-treated plants, in comparison to control. Quantification of PFOA in the growth medium at the end of the seven-day test revealed no statistically different concentrations in plates with or without L. minor plants. We detected increasing PFOA accumulation in plant tissues, in accordance with the PFOA concentrations in the medium. Therefore, the L. minor plants were capable of taking up and accumulating PFOA. The ecological impact of the environmentally relevant PFOA concentrations tested in this work on biological organisms of the aquatic environment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Pietrini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Passatore
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Fischetti
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Carloni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferrario
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Brugherio, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Stefano Polesello
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Brugherio, via del Mulino 19, 20861 Brugherio, Italy
| | - Massimo Zacchini
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council of Italy, Section of Montelibretti, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, Castaldelli G, DePasquale JA, Fano EA, Martino C, Giari L. Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure Assessment on Common Carp Liver through Image and Ultrastructural Investigation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4923. [PMID: 31817419 PMCID: PMC6950721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) poses particular concern as an emerging pollutant in both surface and ground waters. Fish, as a natural inhabitant of these waters and being highly representative of vertebrates, represents an ideal animal model to assess the toxic effects of PFOA. Hereby, liver microscopic texture was comparatively evaluated in individuals of common carp subchronically exposed to PFOA using grayscale differential box counting, a fractal analysis method. Furthermore, liver cytoplasmic glycogen areas and ultrastructure were also evaluated and compared to the image analysis findings. Redundancy Analysis was performed to assess, in summary, how much the variation of fractal dimension and lacunarity was explained by the concentration of PFOA in liver, the mass of liver and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-immunoreactive nuclei. Treatment group ordination was better determined by fractal dimension than lacunarity. Interestingly, a significant complexity increase was associated with the modification of liver microscopic texture due to PFOA exposure. This complexity increase was related to "cloudy swelling", possibly representing a primarily adaptive strategy against PFOA challenge, rather than a slight, reversible form of degeneration as traditionally proposed. The occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein reaction and hormetic response was proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, St. R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.S.D.); (G.C.); (E.A.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.S.D.); (G.C.); (E.A.F.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.S.D.); (G.C.); (E.A.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary, University of Perugia, St. San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (B.S.D.); (G.C.); (E.A.F.); (L.G.)
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146
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Girardi P, Merler E. A mortality study on male subjects exposed to polyfluoroalkyl acids with high internal dose of perfluorooctanoic acid. Environ Res 2019; 179:108743. [PMID: 31542491 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to examine the association between exposure to polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and mortality (1970-2018) in a cohort of 462 male employees who had worked at least six months before 2009 for a factory (14,658 person-years; 107 deaths, average follow-up time 31.7 years), which had been producing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (PFOS) and other chemicals since 1968. METHODS Employees were classified as follows: 1) by probability of exposure to PFASs; 2) by tertiles of PFOA serum concentrations. In a fraction (n = 120) of workers measurements of internal PFOA serum concentration were used to predict a cumulative serum PFOA concentration of each cohort member. Mortality rates were compared to that of the regional population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and to that of the workers of a nearby metalworking factory in terms of risk ratio (RR), across categories of probability of PFASs exposure and tertiles of cumulative serum PFOA concentrations. RESULTS Internal PFOA serum concentration among 120 workers in the 2000-2013 period was very high (Geometric Mean: 4048 ng/mL; range 19-91,900 ng/mL). The mortality of the chemical cohort was increased for liver cancer (SMR: 2.32; CI: 1.11-4.87), malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue (SMR: 2.26; CI: 1.08-4.73). In the comparison with the cohort of workers from the metalworking factory, the RRs for mortality of the cohort were increased for overall mortality (RR: 1.42; CI: 1.12-1.79), diabetes (RR: 5.95; CI: 1.08-32.8), liver cancer (RR: 6.69; CI: 1.71-26.2) and liver cirrhosis (RR: 3.87; CI: 1.18-12.7). Mortality for these causes increased in association with probability of PFASs exposure and with tertiles of cumulative PFOA serum concentrations. CONCLUSION The present is a small observational study with limited control over confounding factors. The cohort showed increased mortality for all causes and subjects in the highest cumulative internal dose of PFOA had a statistically significant increase for mortality of liver cancer, liver cirrhosis, diabetes, malignant neoplasms of lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue in both comparisons. Toxicological studies on PFOA and PFOS provide support for causality for the observed association with the risk for liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Girardi
- Azienda Zero - Epidemiological Department, Veneto Region, Via Jacopo D'Avanzo, Padua, 35132, Italy; Directorate of Prevention, Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Veneto Region, Venice, Italy.
| | - Enzo Merler
- Azienda Zero - Epidemiological Department, Veneto Region, Via Jacopo D'Avanzo, Padua, 35132, Italy; Directorate of Prevention, Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Veneto Region, Venice, Italy.
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147
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Flynn RW, Chislock MF, Gannon ME, Bauer SJ, Tornabene BJ, Hoverman JT, Sepúlveda MS. Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Chemosphere 2019; 236:124350. [PMID: 31319302 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in ground and surface waters globally has heightened concern over their potential adverse health effects. The effects of PFAS are known largely from acute toxicity studies of single PFAS compounds in model organisms, while little is understood concerning effects of mixtures on wildlife. To address this gap, we examined the acute and chronic effects of two of the most common PFAS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their mixtures on survival, growth, and development of American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. In 96 h acute toxicity tests, PFOS was 10X more toxic than PFOA and effects of the two chemicals in combination appeared additive. The effects of PFOS, PFOA, and their interaction varied by the sublethal endpoint under consideration in a 72 d exposure. Effects of PFAS on tadpole mass and developmental stage were largely driven by PFOS and there was no evidence of interactions suggesting deviations from additivity. However, for snout-vent length, reductions in length in mixture treatments were greater than expected based on the effects of the two chemicals independently (i.e. non-additivity). Further, effects on snout-vent length in single chemical exposures were only observed with PFOA. Our results highlight the importance of assessing combined effects of PFAS co-occurring in the environment and suggest caution in extrapolating the effects of acute toxicity studies to more environmentally relevant exposures. Future studies examining effects of environmentally relevant mixtures on wildlife will be essential for effective environmental risk assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wesley Flynn
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States.
| | - Michael F Chislock
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States; Department of Environmental Science and Ecology, The College at Brockport, Brockport, NY, 14420, United States
| | - Megan E Gannon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bauer
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States
| | - Brian J Tornabene
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States; Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59802, United States
| | - Jason T Hoverman
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2033, United States
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148
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Hoover G, Kar S, Guffey S, Leszczynski J, Sepúlveda MS. In vitro and in silico modeling of perfluoroalkyl substances mixture toxicity in an amphibian fibroblast cell line. Chemosphere 2019; 233:25-33. [PMID: 31163305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of emerging organic pollutants that can persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in biota. They are found in complex mixtures, and although the exact number of PFAS is unknown, it has been estimated to be in the thousands. The objective of this study was two-fold. First, we examined the cytotoxicity of PFAS singly and in binary mixtures using an amphibian fibroblast cell line. Second, we used this experimental data to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for single and binary mixtures. We tested the cytotoxicity of four common PFAS: perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA); perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS); and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). PFOS was the most toxic and PFHxA the least cytotoxic. Binary mixtures allowed for the construction of isobolograms to test for additivity, synergism, or antagonism. Using this data, QSAR modeling was used for predicting the toxicity of 24 single and 1380 binary mixtures (theoretically generated). Overall, our experimental and modeling results showed that mixtures were approximately additive, with the exception of PFOS and PFOA, which were found to be weakly synergistic. This data shows that certain mixtures of PFAS may have increased toxicity potential above what the simple sum of PFAS concentrations would suggest. More studies are needed that test the toxicity of PFAS mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hoover
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Samuel Guffey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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149
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Cardenas A, Hivert MF, Gold DR, Hauser R, Kleinman KP, Lin PID, Fleisch AF, Calafat AM, Ye X, Webster TF, Horton ES, Oken E. Associations of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances With Incident Diabetes and Microvascular Disease. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:1824-1832. [PMID: 31296647 PMCID: PMC6702604 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-2254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are suspected endocrine disruptors widely detected across populations. We examine the extent to which PFASs are associated with diabetes incidence and microvascular disease. Secondarily, we tested whether a lifestyle intervention modifies associations and decreases concentrations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from a prospective cohort of 957 participants from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (DPPOS). At baseline, participants were randomized to an intensive lifestyle intervention of diet, physical activity, and behavior modification or a placebo medication. We quantified plasma concentrations of six PFASs at baseline and 2 years after randomization. Participants were monitored for ∼15 years, repeatedly tested for diabetes, and evaluated for microvascular disease at the end of the follow-up. RESULTS A doubling in baseline branched perfluorooctanoic acid concentration was associated with a 14% increase in diabetes risk for the placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.25) but not in the lifestyle intervention group (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92, 1.11, P interaction = 0.11). Mean change in plasma baseline branched perfluorooctanoic acid concentration was greater for the placebo (0.96 ng/mL; 95% CI 0.71, 1.22) compared with the lifestyle intervention group (0.31 ng/mL; 95% CI 0.14, 0.48) 2 years after randomization. Each doubling in N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid was associated with 17% greater odds of prevalent microvascular disease (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.05, 1.31), and a similar association was observed for perfluorodimethylhexane sulfonic acid (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04, 1.35), regardless of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Some plasma PFASs were associated with diabetes and microvascular disease. Our results suggest that exercise and diet may attenuate the diabetogenic association of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ken P Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, MA
| | - Pi-I D Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
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150
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Wen HJ, Wang SL, Chuang YC, Chen PC, Guo YL. Prenatal perfluorooctanoic acid exposure is associated with early onset atopic dermatitis in 5-year-old children. Chemosphere 2019; 231:25-31. [PMID: 31128349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common childhood skin disease and the first step of atopic march. Perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure is associated with atopic diseases, including AD. However, whether PFAS exposure is related to earlier AD onset remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and earlier onset of AD in children in a 5-year follow-up study. From 2001 to 2005, 1264 mother-infant pairs were recruited from eight Taiwanese maternity hospitals. PFAS levels were analyzed from cord blood. Information on children's health status, including AD occurrence, was obtained via phone interviews at multiple time points. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) concentrations were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and early onset AD. Overall, 863 mother-infant pairs with complete measurements were recruited. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed AD before 5 years of age was 7.1%. PFOA and PFOS concentrations were grouped based on whether they were above the 75th percentile. PFOA exposure was positively associated with earlier onset of AD (Kaplan-Meier estimate, p = 0.014). In the Cox model, after adjusting for sex, family income, parental atopy, breast feeding, and maternal age at childbirth, significance was observed in children above the upper quartile (≥75th) of the PFOA group (hazard ratio: 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-3.16). Our findings suggested that children with higher prenatal PFOA exposure have a higher risk of earlier AD development. Minimizing early life PFAS exposure may help inhibit AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ju Wen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Chuang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
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