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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is an effective and widely accepted intracellular delivery method for fundamental research and medical applications. Existing electroporation methods usually require a commercially available EP system or tailor-made high-voltage (HV, up to kV) power source and are complicated, expensive, harmful to the cells, and even dangerous to the operators. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a highly studied device that can generate HV output with limited charges and ultrahigh internal impedance. Here, we developed a Bulk Electroporation System based on TENG (BEST). To maximize the load voltage of the TENG, a flowing EP unit with a capillary was designed as a resistive load to realize impedance matching. A low conductivity buffer was used to further match and assist cell electroporation. Besides, the electrical model and experiments on cells transfected with the BEST showed that the bulk electric field of the cell medium could reach up to 1 kV/cm, therefore resulting in a nearly 30 times increase of trans-membrane potential, thus largely improving transfection efficiency. Finally, using 40 kDa FITC-dextran, we showed that a delivery efficiency above 50% with a cell viability maintained over 90% can be achieved in HeLa cells. This work demonstrated the potential of TENG in the biomedical field as a naturally safe HV power source. It also provided a simple, alternative, and low-cost solution for EP research and related biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Ze Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P. R. China
- School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yao
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Systems Science and Institute of Nonequilibrium Systems, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100875, P.R. China
| | - Jia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, P. R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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102
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Momayyezi P, Malmberg KJ, Hammer Q. Small Interfering RNA Delivery Into Primary Human Natural Killer Cells for Functional Gene Analyses. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e613. [PMID: 36440989 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Studying gene functions in human natural killer (NK) cells is key for advancing the understanding of NK cell biology and holds promise to pave the way for improving NK cell therapies against cancer. However, NK cells are challenging to manipulate, and investigation of gene functions in NK cells is hampered by variable delivery efficiencies and impaired viability upon electroporation, lipofection, or viral transduction. Here, we report a simple workflow for delivery of commercially available small interfering RNA molecules into primary human NK cells to enable functional gene analyses. © 2022 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Enrichment of natural killer cells from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of small interfering RNA Basic Protocol 3: Delivery of small interfering RNA into natural killer cells Support Protocol 1: Isolation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from buffy coats Support Protocol 2: Thawing and recovery of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells Support Protocol 3: Evaluation of natural killer cell purity following magnetic enrichment Support Protocol 4: Exemplary assessment of knockdown efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Momayyezi
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Quirin Hammer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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103
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Chen Z, Zhu J, Chen Z, Du M, Yao R, Fu W, Lei A, Wang J. High-throughput sequencing revealed low-efficacy genome editing using Cas9 RNPs electroporation and single-celled microinjection provided an alternative to deliver CRISPR reagents into Euglena gracilis. Plant Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2048-2050. [PMID: 36036114 PMCID: PMC9616521 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jiayi Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zixi Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ming Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Rao Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wen Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco‐Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
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104
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Silkunas M, Gudvangen E, Novickij V, Pakhomov AG. Sub-MHz bursts of nanosecond pulses excite neurons at paradoxically low electric field thresholds without membrane damage. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:184034. [PMID: 35981654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation applications of nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) are hindered by their low potency to elicit action potentials in neurons. Excitation by a single nsEP requires a strong electric field which injures neurons by electroporation. We bypassed the high electric field requirement by replacing single nsEP stimuli with high-frequency brief nsEP bursts. In hippocampal neurons, excitation thresholds progressively decreased at nsEP frequencies above 20-200 kHz, with up to 20-30-fold reduction at sub-MHz and MHz rates. For a fixed burst duration, thresholds were determined by the duty cycle, irrespective of the specific nsEP duration, rate, or number of pulses per burst. For 100-μs bursts of 100-, 400-, or 800-ns pulses, the threshold decreased as a power function when the duty cycle exceeded 3-5 %. nsEP bursts were compared with single "long" pulses whose duration and amplitude matched the duration and the time-average amplitude of the burst. Such pulses deliver the same electric charge as bursts, within the same time interval. High-frequency nsEP bursts excited neurons at the time-average electric field 2-3 times below the threshold for a single long pulse. For example, the excitation threshold of 139 ± 14 V/cm for a single 100-μs pulse decreased to 57 ± 8 V/cm for a 100-μs burst of 100-ns, 0.25-MHz pulses (p < 0.001). Applying nsEP in bursts reduced or prevented the loss of excitability in multiple stimulation attempts. Stimulation by high-frequency nsEP bursts is a powerful novel approach to excite neurons at paradoxically low electric charge while also avoiding the electroporative membrane damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Silkunas
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Institute for Digestive System Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Emily Gudvangen
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | | | - Andrei G Pakhomov
- Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
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105
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Aoto K, Takabayashi S, Mutoh H, Saitsu H. Generation of Flag/DYKDDDDK Epitope Tag Knock-In Mice Using i-GONAD Enables Detection of Endogenous CaMKIIα and β Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911915. [PMID: 36233218 PMCID: PMC9569722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific antibodies are necessary for cellular and tissue expression, biochemical, and functional analyses of protein complexes. However, generating a specific antibody is often time-consuming and effort-intensive. The epitope tagging of an endogenous protein at an appropriate position can overcome this problem. Here, we investigated epitope tag position using AlphaFold2 protein structure prediction and developed Flag/DYKDDDDK tag knock-in CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ mice by combining CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing with electroporation (i-GONAD). With i-GONAD, it is possible to insert a small fragment of up to 200 bp into the genome of the target gene, enabling efficient and convenient tagging of a small epitope. Experiments with commercially available anti-Flag antibodies could readily detect endogenous CaMKIIα and β proteins by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. Our data demonstrated that the generation of Flag/DYKDDDDK tag knock-in mice by i-GONAD is a useful and convenient choice, especially if specific antibodies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Aoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (H.S.); Tel.: +81-53-435-2327 (K.A.); +81-53-435-2325 (H.S.)
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- Laboratory Animal Facilities & Services, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mutoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (H.S.); Tel.: +81-53-435-2327 (K.A.); +81-53-435-2325 (H.S.)
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106
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Michel O, Szlasa W, Baczyńska D, Saczko J, Tarek M, Kulbacka J. The role of catechin in electroporation of pancreatic cancer cells - Effects on pore formation and multidrug resistance proteins. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108199. [PMID: 35841647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Catechin is a bioflavonoid known for its anti-cancer properties. In the present study, we combined theoretical and experimental approaches to reveal the potential of catechin application in the electroporation (EP) or electrochemotherapy (ECT) of pancreatic cancer cells. The molecular dynamics simulations were implemented to examine the interactions of catechin with a model of a membrane, its influence on the membrane's thickness, and the impact of the catechin-membrane interaction on the pore formation. The data were confronted with experimental measurement of the threshold electric field required for permeabilization of pancreatic cancer cells to a fluorescent dye YO-PRO-1. Further, we examined the influence of catechin on cell viability following electroporation with cisplatin or calcium ions. Finally, we investigated the catechin impact on four proteins associated with multidrug resistance: P-glycoprotein, MRP1, BCRP, and LRP. We demonstrated that catechin may boost the effects of electroporation through various mechanisms: i) increasing the cell permeability prior to electroporation ii) increasing the electroporation threshold iii) sensitization of cells to chemotherapeutic compounds. We showed that catechin incubation influences mRNA levels and mitigates the immunoreactivity of Pgp, MRP1, BCRP, and LRP but these changes did not translate to the efficacy of electrochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Szlasa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mounir Tarek
- CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Sciences BP 70239 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
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107
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Ren N, Hang C, Liu X, Jiang X. Printable Metal-Polymer Conductors for Local Drug Delivery. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7554-7562. [PMID: 36122317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective local drug delivery is challenging due to complex physiological barriers that limit the entry of drugs. Here, we report the metal-polymer conductors (MPCs) for local drug delivery via iontophoresis or electroporation. The MPCs are stretchable, conductive, and biocompatible. The flexible MPCs of different geometries are used both on a dry, flat surface (skin) and a moist, curved surface (cornea) with conformability. Conformal integration with the tissues enables good mechanical/electrical properties and realizes application of electrical voltage to the target areas for local drug delivery. By iontophoresis and electroporation, the MPCs achieve efficient delivery of doxorubicin and siRNA, leading to tumor regression and inhibition of corneal neovascularization, respectively. Our work presents an efficient strategy to harness the power of the MPCs to broaden the scope of local drug delivery to dry and wet organs with different surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Chen Hang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
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108
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Xu D, Fang J, Wang H, Wei X, Yang J, Li H, Yang T, Li Y, Liu C, Hu N. Scalable Nanotrap Matrix Enhanced Electroporation for Intracellular Recording of Action Potential. Nano Lett 2022; 22:7467-7476. [PMID: 36069674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording, as a long-sought objective, plays a crucial role in fundamental biomedical research and practical clinical applications. The challenge in developing electrophysiological detection platforms is to combine simplicity, stability, and sensitivity in the same device. In this study, we develop a nanotrapped microelectrode based on a porous PET membrane, which is compatible with large-scale microtechnologies. The nanotraps can promote the protrusion of the local cell membrane in the hollow center and offer a unique nanoedge structure for tight sealing and effective electroporation. We demonstrate that scalable nanotraps can enhance cell-electrode coupling and perform high-quality intracellular recording. Further, the nanoedge-enhanced electroporation and minimally invasive nanotrapped recordings afford much longer intracellular access of over 100 min and permit consecutive electroporation events in a short period of time. This study suggests that the geometry-regulating strategy of the cell-electrode nanointerface could significantly improve the intracellular recording performance of a nanopatterned electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, People's Republic of China
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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109
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Bae SJ, Im DJ. Safe and efficient RNA and DNA introduction into cells using digital electroporation system. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 148:108268. [PMID: 36155386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We systematically compared the delivery and expression efficiencies according to cell types (plant and animal cells) and genetic materials (RNA and DNA) to deliver RNA using a digital electroporation system. Despite the significantly lower RNA delivery in Chlamydomoans reinhartii than DNA delivery due to RNA secondary structure and cell wall, the expression/delivery ratio of RNA was significantly higher than that of DNA (up to 90%), confirming the generally known fact that RNA is more favorable for expression than DNA. On the other hand, in K562 cells, the difference in RNA and DNA delivery efficiency was negligible. Therefore, structural differences between DNA and RNA affect delivery efficiency differently depending on the cell type. RNA delivery efficiency of K562 cells was high, but expression efficiency was much lower than that of microalgae. According to the proposed strategy, compatibility between K562 cells and the nucleic acids used in this study is presumed to be one of the reasons for this low expression efficiency. Gene regulation by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) was demonstrated in K562 cells, confirming the feasibility of the digital electroporation system for RNA interference (RNAi) research as a safe and efficient delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jun Bae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea
| | - Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu, Busan, South Korea.
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110
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Ahmadi Kamalabadi M, Neshastehriz A, Ghaznavi H, Amini SM. Folate functionalized gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles effect in combined electroporation and radiation treatment of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Med Oncol 2022; 39:196. [PMID: 36071293 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer incidence is increasing, especially in the young population. While these patients show good responses to radiotherapy. The major complication of radiotherapy is normal tissue involvement. Thus, finding an effective treatment method is essential. Multimodal therapy with the lowest side effect could be an effective treatment method. Theranostic gold magnetic core-shell nanostructure was developed as a platform for multimodal therapy of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. The folate functionalized gold-magnetic core-shell nanostructure has been synthesized in a stepwise approach and characterized with various techniques including TEM, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. KB was selected as a host for HPV and folate receptor-positive cancer. HGF as normal cell lines was selected. Both cell lines have been treated with nanoparticles, electric field and radiotherapy, either separately or in combination. Cell viability and apoptosis rate were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assay. In addition, cellular uptake of the nanoparticles was measured by ICP-OES analysis. The average size of folate functionalized gold-magnetic core-shell nanostructure was 13.8 ± 6.4 nm. A characteristic plasmonic peak of gold nanoshells was observed in the UV-Vis spectrum. The functionalization of synthesized nanostructure was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy. None of the treatments alone can cause a significant death in cancerous cells. Combination treatments can increase cancer cell mortality and increase the proportion of apoptotic cells in them. Furthermore, it has been observed that the electric field enhanced the cellular uptake of nanoparticles just in cancerous cells. Based on our findings, we conclude that the combination of folate functionalized nanoparticles and electroporation opens a new way to improve radiation therapy efficacy of HPV-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Ahmadi Kamalabadi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshastehriz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amini
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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111
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Gandhi SA, Kelly CV. Membrane asymmetry enhances nanotube formation and limits pore resealing after electroporation. Biophys J 2022; 121:3173-3174. [PMID: 35973422 PMCID: PMC9463694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A Gandhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Christopher V Kelly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
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112
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Mahdi AK, Medrano JF, Ross PJ. Single-Step Genome Editing of Small Ruminant Embryos by Electroporation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810218. [PMID: 36142132 PMCID: PMC9499182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the possibility of single-step genome editing in small ruminants by CRISPR-Cas9 zygote electroporation. We targeted SOCS2 and PDX1 in sheep embryos and OTX2 in goat embryos, utilizing a dual sgRNA approach. Gene editing efficiency was compared between microinjection and three different electroporation settings performed at four different times of embryo development. Electroporation of sheep zygotes 6 h after fertilization with settings that included short high-voltage (poring) and long low-voltage (transfer) pulses was efficient at producing SOCS2 knock-out blastocysts. The mutation rate after CRISPR/Cas9 electroporation was 95.6% ± 8%, including 95.4% ± 9% biallelic mutations; which compared favorably to 82.3% ± 8% and 25% ± 10%, respectively, when using microinjection. We also successfully disrupted the PDX1 gene in sheep and the OTX2 gene in goat embryos. The biallelic mutation rate was 81 ± 5% for PDX1 and 85% ± 6% for OTX2. In conclusion, using single-step CRISPR-Cas9 zygote electroporation, we successfully introduced biallelic deletions in the genome of small ruminant embryos.
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113
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Aleksanyan M, Lira RB, Steinkühler J, Dimova R. GM1 asymmetry in the membrane stabilizes pores. Biophys J 2022; 121:3295-3302. [PMID: 35668647 PMCID: PMC9463649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell membranes are highly asymmetric and their stability against poration is crucial for survival. We investigated the influence of membrane asymmetry on electroporation of giant unilamellar vesicles with membranes doped with GM1, a ganglioside asymmetrically enriched in the outer leaflet of neuronal cell membranes. Compared with symmetric membranes, the lifetimes of micronsized pores are about an order of magnitude longer suggesting that pores are stabilized by GM1. Internal membrane nanotubes caused by the GM1 asymmetry, obstruct and additionally slow down pore closure, effectively reducing pore edge tension and leading to leaky membranes. Our results point to the drastic effects this ganglioside can have on pore resealing in biotechnology applications based on poration as well as on membrane repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Aleksanyan
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafael B Lira
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan Steinkühler
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rumiana Dimova
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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114
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Huo ZY, Winter LR, Wang XX, Du Y, Wu YH, Hübner U, Hu HY, Elimelech M. Synergistic Nanowire-Enhanced Electroporation and Electrochlorination for Highly Efficient Water Disinfection. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10925-10934. [PMID: 35820052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional water disinfection methods such as chlorination typically involve the generation of harmful disinfection byproducts and intensive chemical consumption. Emerging electroporation disinfection techniques using nanowire-enhanced local electric fields inactivate microbes by damaging their outer structures without byproduct formation or chemical dosing. However, this physical-based method suffers from a limited inactivation efficiency under high water flux due to an insufficient contact time. Herein, we integrate electrochlorination with nanowire-enhanced electroporation to achieve a synergistic flow-through process for efficient water disinfection targeting bacteria and viruses. Electroporation at the cathode induces sub-lethal damages on the microbial outer structures. Subsequently, electrogenerated active chlorine at the anode aggravates these electroporation-induced injuries to the level of lethal damage. This sequential flow-through disinfection system achieves complete disinfection (>6.0-log) under a very high water flux of 2.4 × 104 L/(m2 h) with an applied voltage of 2.0 V. This disinfection efficiency is 8 times faster than that of electroporation alone. Further, the specific energy consumption for the disinfection by this novel process is extremely low (8 × 10-4 kW h/m3). Our results demonstrate a promising method for rapid and energy-efficient water disinfection by coupling electroporation with electrochlorination to meet vital needs for pathogen elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Huo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Lea R Winter
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Xiao-Xiong Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Ye Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yin-Hu Wu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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115
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Wang H, Xue W, Yan W, Yin L, Dong B, He B, Yu Y, Shi W, Zhou Z, Lin H, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Shi Z, Ren S, Gao X, Wang L, Xu C. Extended Focal Ablation of Localized Prostate Cancer With High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Surg 2022; 157:693-700. [PMID: 35793110 PMCID: PMC9260646 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Focal therapy of prostate cancer must balance the oncologic outcome and functional outcome. High-frequency irreversible electroporation (H-FIRE) can destroy cancer cells while selectively preserving surrounding nerves and blood vessels, but no clinical trials have been conducted, to our knowledge. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of H-FIRE in the treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This was a single-group, objective performance criteria, nonrandomized controlled trial. Recruitment began on May 2, 2018, and ended March 27, 2019. The follow-up duration was 6 months. This was a multicenter trial conducted at 4 tertiary teaching hospitals in China. Patients with low or intermediate risk of biochemical recurrence of localized and locally advanced PCa were eligible. Key inclusion criteria were serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level less than 20 ng/mL, clinical stage of T2c or less, and Gleason score of 7 or less. Data were analyzed from January 20 to February 20, 2021. INTERVENTION H-FIRE ablation of all lesions identified with biopsy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was 6-month clinically significant PCa (csPCa), which was defined as any biopsy core with Gleason score of greater than or equal to 7, or Gleason score of 6 plus maximum cancer core length of greater than 3 mm or an increase from the original cancer burden. Secondary outcomes were calculated in patients who actually received H-FIRE treatment. RESULTS A total of 117 patients (median [IQR] age, 67 [62-73] years) were recruited from 4 centers, and 109 patients (27 [24.8%] low risk and 82 [75.2%] intermediate risk) actually received H-FIRE. Median (IQR) PSA level was 9.0 (6.0-12.7) ng/mL. Among the 100 patients who underwent biopsy at 6 months, the 6-month csPCa rate was 6.0% (95% CI, 2.2%-12.6%; P < .001; 1 in the treatment zone and 5 outside the treatment zone). Superiority criteria vs the historical control of 20% was achieved. PCa was detected in 14 patients, with a Gleason score of 7 in 2 patients and 6 in the remaining 12 patients. At 6 months, median (IQR) PSA level was 1.08 (0.4-3.2) ng/mL, median (IQR) International Prostate Symptom Score was 4.5 (2.0-9.5), and median (IQR) International Index of Erectile Function 5 score was 2.0 (0.5-12.5). Superiority vs the 20% historical control was also met in the subgroup analysis that only included the 57 patients with Gleason score of 7 at baseline (3.5% 6-month csPCa; 95% CI, 0.4%-12.1%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The rate of 6-month csPCa with H-FIRE ablation was lower than the historical control using other energy platforms. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03838432.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weigang Yan
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biming He
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Shi
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhien Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengzhi Lin
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkai Shi
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Electroporation (EP) is a commonly used strategy to increase cell permeability for intracellular cargo delivery or irreversible cell membrane disruption using electric fields. In recent years, EP performance has been improved by shrinking electrodes and device structures to the microscale. Integration with microfluidics has led to the design of devices performing static EP, where cells are fixed in a defined region, or continuous EP, where cells constantly pass through the device. Each device type performs superior to conventional, macroscale EP devices while providing additional advantages in precision manipulation (static EP) and increased throughput (continuous EP). Microscale EP is gentle on cells and has enabled more sensitive assaying of cells with novel applications. In this Review, we present the physical principles of microscale EP devices and examine design trends in recent years. In addition, we discuss the use of reversible and irreversible EP in the development of therapeutics and analysis of intracellular contents, among other noteworthy applications. This Review aims to inform and encourage scientists and engineers to expand the use of efficient and versatile microscale EP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Harrison Khoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Soojung Claire Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, 401 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
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117
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Wang F, Lin S, Yu Z, Wang Y, Zhang D, Cao C, Wang Z, Cui D, Chen D. Recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation techniques for cell membranes. Lab Chip 2022; 22:2624-2646. [PMID: 35775630 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroporation is a fundamental technique for applications in biotechnology. To date, the ongoing research on cell membrane electroporation has explored its mechanism, principles and potential applications. Therefore, in this review, we first discuss the primary electroporation mechanism to help establish a clear framework. Within the context of its principles, several critical terms are highlighted to present a better understanding of the theory of aqueous pores. Different degrees of electroporation can be used in different applications. Thus, we discuss the electric factors (shock strength, shock duration, and shock frequency) responsible for the degree of electroporation. In addition, finding an effective electroporation detection method is of great significance to optimize electroporation experiments. Accordingly, we summarize several primary electroporation detection methods in the following sections. Finally, given the development of micro- and nano-technology has greatly promoted the innovation of microfluidic-based electroporation devices, we also present the recent advances in microfluidic-based electroporation devices. Also, the challenges and outlook of the electroporation technique for cell membrane electroporation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shujing Lin
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zixian Yu
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yanpu Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices (AEMD), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Di Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- Key Lab. for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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118
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Tomoiaga D, Bubnell J, Herndon L, Feinstein P. High rates of plasmid cotransformation in E. coli overturn the clonality myth and reveal colony development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11515. [PMID: 35798773 PMCID: PMC9262894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of DNA transfer between bacteria was put forth by Griffith in 1928. During the dawn of molecular cloning of DNA in the 1980s, Hanahan described how the transformation of DNA plasmids into bacteria would allow for cloning of DNA fragments. Through this foundational work, it is widely taught that a typical transformation produces clonal bacterial colonies. Using low concentrations of several plasmids that encode different fluorescent proteins, under the same selective antibiotic, we show that E. coli bacteria readily accept multiple plasmids, resulting in widespread aclonality and reveal a complex pattern of colony development. Cotransformation of plasmids occurs by either CaCl2 or by electroporation methods. A bacterium rod transformed with three plasmids-each expressing a high level of a unique fluorescent protein-and replated on agar, appears to reassign a random number of the three fluorescent plasmids to its daughter cell during cell division. The potential to simultaneously follow multiple lineages of clonally related bacteria in a bacteria colony would allow for mosaic analysis of gene function. We show that clonally related bacterium rods self-organize in a fractal growth pattern and can remain linked during colony development revealing a potential target against microbiota growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Tomoiaga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 904 North Building, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bubnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 904 North Building, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liam Herndon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 904 North Building, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Manhattan/Hunter Science High School, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Feinstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 904 North Building, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- The Graduate Center Biochemistry, Biology and CUNY-Neuroscience-Collaborative Programs, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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119
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Sarkar MK, Karal MAS, Levadny V, Belaya M, Ahmed M, Ahamed MK, Ahammed S. Effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged giant unilamellar vesicles. Eur Biophys J 2022; 51:401-412. [PMID: 35716178 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of sugar concentration on the electroporation, size distribution and average size of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). GUVs were prepared from 40 mol% of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (DOPG) and 60 mol% of 1, 2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipids. Pulsed electric field was applied to the 40%DOPG/60%DOPC-GUVs and it induced lateral electric tension (σc) in the membranes of vesicles. The σc-induced probability of rupture (Ppore) and the rate constant of rupture (kp) of GUVs under the sugar concentration, c = 40, 100 and 300 mM, were determined. Both the Ppore and kp increased with the increase of σc, but higher tension was required to generate the same values of Ppore and kp with increasing c. We also investigated average sizes of GUVs from the size distribution of vesicles under various sugar concentrations. With the increase of c, the peak of the size distribution histograms shifted to the region of smaller vesicles. The average size decreased 1.6-fold when c increased from 10 to 300 mM. These investigations help to understand various biomedical, biophysical, and biochemical processes in vesicles and cells. Electroporation, size distribution and average size of charged GUVs were investigated under various sugar concentrations. The sugar concentration influences the electroporation of vesicles and the average size of GUVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Arts and Sciences, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abu Sayem Karal
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Victor Levadny
- Theoretical Problem Center of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117977, Russia
| | - Marina Belaya
- Department of Mathematics, Russian State University for the Humanities, GSP-3, Moscow, 125993, Russia
| | - Marzuk Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kabir Ahamed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shareef Ahammed
- Department of Physics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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120
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Aycock KN, Campelo SN, Salameh ZS, Vadlamani RA, Lorenzo MF, Davalos RV. Extended interpulse delays improve therapeutic efficacy of microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:5021-5024. [PMID: 36086570 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE), or pulsed field ablation, employs microsecond-duration pulsed electric fields to generate targeted cellular damage without injury to the underlying tissue architecture. Biphasic, burst-type waveforms (termed high-frequency IRE, or H-FIRE) have garnered attention for their ability to elicit clinically relevant ablation volumes while reducing several undesirable side effects (muscle contractions/electrochemical effects) seen with monophasic pulses. Pulse width is generally the main (or only) parameter considered during burst construction, with little attention given to the delays within the burst. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that H-FIRE waveforms could be further optimized by manipulating only the interpulse delay between biphasic pulses within each burst. Using benchtop, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we demonstrate that extended interpulse delays (i.e., ~100 μs) reduce the severity of induced muscle contractions, alleviate mechanical tissue destruction, and minimize the chances of electrical arcing. Clinical Relevance- This proof-of-concept study shows that H-FIRE waveforms with extended interpulse delays provide several therapeutic benefits over conventional waveforms.
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121
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Paravicini M, Milden M, Frank LMPP, Schussler M, Cardoso MC, Jakoby R, Hessinger C. Broadband Microwave Electroporation Device for the Analysis of the Influence of Frequency, Temperature and Electrical Field Strength. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2022; 2022:1565-1568. [PMID: 36086199 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a broadband microwave device for cell poration is presented, that enables the analysis of the relation between frequency, electrical field strengths and temperature for a successful cell poration. Electromagnetic-thermal coupled simulations in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 10 GHz show that the device reaches electrical field strengths of 100 V/cm and temperatures lower then 40°C. Electroporation experiments with adherent C2C12 mouse myoblast cells show successful uptake of an anti-histone γ -H2A.X nanobody at a frequency of 10 GHz. This MWP device allows the fast electro-poration of adherent cells. After 15 min, the cells show uptake of γ -H2A.X-specific nanobody while most of them survived.
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122
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Pfenninger P, Yerly L, Abe J. Naïve Primary Mouse CD8+ T Cells Retain In Vivo Immune Responsiveness After Electroporation-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Genetic Engineering. Front Immunol 2022; 13:777113. [PMID: 35844563 PMCID: PMC9280190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.777113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized genetic engineering of primary cells. Although its use is gaining momentum in studies on CD8+ T cell biology, it remains elusive to what extent CRISPR/Cas9 affects in vivo function of CD8+ T cells. Here, we optimized nucleofection-based CRISPR/Cas9 genetic engineering of naïve and in vitro-activated primary mouse CD8+ T cells and tested their in vivo immune responses. Nucleofection of naïve CD8+ T cells preserved their in vivo antiviral immune responsiveness to an extent that is indistinguishable from non-nucleofected cells, whereas nucleofection of in vitro-activated CD8+ T cells led to slightly impaired expansion/survival at early time point after adoptive transfer and more pronounced contraction. Of note, different target proteins displayed distinct decay rates after gene editing. This is in stark contrast to a comparable period of time required to complete gene inactivation. Thus, for optimal experimental design, it is crucial to determine the kinetics of the loss of target gene product to adapt incubation period after gene editing. In sum, nucleofection-based CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing achieves efficient and rapid generation of mutant CD8+ T cells without imposing detrimental constraints on their in vivo functions.
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123
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Abstract
Release from nanobiovesicles via a pore generated by membrane electroporation at an electrified interface can be monitored by vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) and provides rich information about the various vesicular content transfer processes, including content homeostasis, intraphase content transfer, or the transient fusion of vesicles. These processes are primarily influenced by the vesicular pore-opening dynamics at the electrified interface which has not been disclosed at the single nanobiovesicle level yet. In this work, after simultaneously measuring the size and release dynamics of individual vesicles, we employed a moving mesh-finite element simulation algorithm to reconstruct the accurate pore-opening dynamics of individual vesicles with different sizes during VIEC. We investigated the expansion times and maximal pore sizes as two characteristics of different vesicles. The pore expansion times between nanobiovesicles and pure lipid liposomes were compared, and that of the nanobiovesicles is much longer than that for the liposomes, 2.1 ms vs 0.18 ms, respectively, which reflects the membrane proteins limiting the electroporation process. For the vesicles with different sizes, a positive relationship of pore size (Rp,max) with the vesicle size (Rves) and also their ratio (Rp,max/Rves) versus the vesicle sizes is observed. The mechanism of the pore size determination is discussed and related to the membrane proteins and the vesicle size. This work accurately describes the dynamic pore-opening process of individual vesicles which discloses the heterogeneity in electroporation of different sized vesicles. This should allow us to examine the more complicated vesicular content transfer process between intravesicular compartments.
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124
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Bregigeon P, Rivière C, Franqueville L, Vollaire C, Marchalot J, Frénéa-Robin M. Integrated platform for culture, observation, and parallelized electroporation of spheroids. Lab Chip 2022; 22:2489-2501. [PMID: 35475509 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reversible electroporation is a method to introduce molecules into cells by increasing the permeability of their membranes, thanks to the application of pulsed electric fields. One of its main biomedical applications is electro-chemotherapy, where electroporation is used to deliver anticancer drugs into tumor tissues. To improve our understanding of the electroporation effect on tissues and select efficient treatments, in vitro tumor models are needed. Cell spheroids are relevant models as they can reproduce tumor microenvironment and cell-cell interactions better than 2D cell cultures. Various methods offering a relatively simple workflow are now available for their production. However, electroporation protocols usually require handling steps that may damage spheroids and result in random spacing, inducing variations in electric field distribution around spheroids and non-reproducible electroporation conditions. In addition, only a few microsystems allow the production and electroporation of spheroids, and the spheroids produced lack reproducibility in size and location. To overcome these issues, we developed a unique device enabling culture, monitoring, and electroporation of hundreds of regular spheroids in parallel, with a design ensuring that all spheroids are submitted to the same electric field conditions. It is comprised of a microfluidic chamber encompassing a micro-structured agarose gel, allowing easy medium exchange while avoiding spheroid handling. It also enables optical imaging of spheroids in situ, thanks to transparent electrodes. In this paper, we describe the fabrication and characterization of the developed microsystem and demonstrate its applicability to electroporation of a network of spheroids. We present a first successful application as an anticancer drug testing platform, by evaluating the bleomycin effect on HT29 colorectal cancer cell spheroids. This work opens new perspectives in the development of in vitro assays for the preclinical evaluation of electroporation-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bregigeon
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ampère, UMR5005, 69130 Ecully, France.
| | - Charlotte Rivière
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
- Institut Convergence PLAsCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Franqueville
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ampère, UMR5005, 69130 Ecully, France.
| | - Christian Vollaire
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ampère, UMR5005, 69130 Ecully, France.
| | - Julien Marchalot
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ampère, UMR5005, 69130 Ecully, France.
| | - Marie Frénéa-Robin
- Univ Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Ampère, UMR5005, 69130 Ecully, France.
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125
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Muralidharan A, Pesch GR, Hubbe H, Rems L, Nouri-Goushki M, Boukany PE. Microtrap array on a chip for localized electroporation and electro-gene transfection. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 147:108197. [PMID: 35810498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a localized single-cell electroporation chip to deliver exogenous biomolecules with high efficiency while maintaining high cell viability. In our microfluidic device, the cells are trapped in a microtrap array by flow, after which target molecules are supplied to the device and electrotransferred to the cells under electric pulses. The system provides the ability to monitor the electrotransfer of exogenous biomolecules in real time. We reveal through numerical simulations that localized electroporation is the mechanism of permeabilization in the microtrap array electroporation device. We demonstrate the simplicity and accuracy of this microtrap technology for electroporation by delivery of both small molecules using propidium iodide and large molecules using plasmid DNA for gene expression, illustrating the potential of this minimally invasive method to be widely used for precise intracellular delivery purposes (from bioprocess engineering to therapeutic applications).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Muralidharan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Georg R Pesch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik Hubbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lea Rems
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mahdiyeh Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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126
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Leboulle G, Gehne N, Froese A, Menzel R. In-vivo egfp expression in the honeybee Apis mellifera induced by electroporation and viral expression vector. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263908. [PMID: 35653376 PMCID: PMC9162312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we describe egfp expression induced by two techniques: in vivo electroporation and viral transduction in several cell types of the adult honeybee brain. Non-neuronal and neuronal cell types were identified and the expression persisted at least during three days. Kenyon cells, optic lobe neurons and protocerebral lobe neurons were electroporated. Astrocyte-like glia cells, fibrous lamellar glia cells and cortex glia cells were identified. Viral transduction targeted one specific type of glia cells that could not be identified. EGFP positive cells types were rather variable after electroporation, and viral transduction resulted in more homogenous groups of positive cells. We propose that these techniques remain a good alternative to transgenic animals because they potentially target only somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Leboulle
- Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nora Gehne
- Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Froese
- Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Neurobiologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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127
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Han JH, Shin HE, Lee J, Kang JM, Park JH, Park CG, Han DK, Kim IH, Park W. Combination of Metal-Phenolic Network-Based Immunoactive Nanoparticles and Bipolar Irreversible Electroporation for Effective Cancer Immunotherapy. Small 2022; 18:e2200316. [PMID: 35570584 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To circumvent the limitations of conventional cancer immunotherapy, it is critical to prime antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate the cancer-immune cycle. Here, the authors develop a metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based immunoactive nanoparticle in combination with irreversible electroporation (IRE) for an effective cancer immunotherapy. The MPN nanoparticles are synthesized by coordinating tannic acid with manganese (Mn) ions, and subsequent coating with CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) via hydrogen bonding. The CpG-ODN-coated Mn-phenolic network (CMP) nanoparticles are effectively internalized into macrophages, a type of APCs, and successfully trigger M1 polarization to promote release of proinflammatory cytokines. Notably, the CMP nanoparticles demonstrate an extended retention time period than the free CpG-ODN in the tumor. The tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE, enhances the therapeutic efficacy by significantly broadening the ablation zone, which further increases immunogenic cell death (ICD). Ultimately, the simultaneous CMP nanoparticles and IRE treatment successfully inhibit tumor growth and prolong survival in a mouse tumor model. Thus, CMP nanoparticles are empowered with Mn and CpG-ODN immunomodulators and the tumor microenvironment tailored bipolar IRE will be a new tool for effective cancer immunotherapy to treat intractable malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeok Han
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Shin
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jeon Min Kang
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Sciences, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoburo 2066, Suwon, Gyeonggi, 16419, Republic of Korea
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128
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Patino CA, Mukherjee P, Berns EJ, Moully EH, Stan L, Mrksich M, Espinosa HD. High-Throughput Microfluidics Platform for Intracellular Delivery and Sampling of Biomolecules from Live Cells. ACS Nano 2022; 16:7937-7946. [PMID: 35500232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nondestructive cell membrane permeabilization systems enable the intracellular delivery of exogenous biomolecules for cell engineering tasks as well as the temporal sampling of cytosolic contents from live cells for the analysis of dynamic processes. Here, we report a microwell array format live-cell analysis device (LCAD) that can perform localized-electroporation induced membrane permeabilization, for cellular delivery or sampling, and directly interfaces with surface-based biosensors for analyzing the extracted contents. We demonstrate the capabilities of the LCAD via an automated high-throughput workflow for multimodal analysis of live-cell dynamics, consisting of quantitative measurements of enzyme activity using self-assembled monolayers for MALDI mass spectrometry (SAMDI) and deep-learning enhanced imaging and analysis. By combining a fabrication protocol that enables robust assembly and operation of multilayer devices with embedded gold electrodes and an automated imaging workflow, we successfully deliver functional molecules (plasmid and siRNA) into live cells at multiple time-points and track their effect on gene expression and cell morphology temporally. Furthermore, we report sampling performance enhancements, achieving saturation levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity measured from as few as 60 cells, and demonstrate control over the amount of sampled contents by optimization of electroporation parameters using a lumped model. Lastly, we investigate the implications of cell morphology on electroporation-induced sampling of fluorescent molecules using a deep-learning enhanced image analysis workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Patino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Prithvijit Mukherjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eric J Berns
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Elamar Hakim Moully
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Liliana Stan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Milan Mrksich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
| | - Horacio D Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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129
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Genish I, Gabay B, Ruban A, Goldshmit Y, Singh A, Wise J, Levkov K, Shalom A, Vitkin E, Yakhini Z, Golberg A. Electroporation-based proteome sampling ex vivo enables the detection of brain melanoma protein signatures in a location proximate to visible tumor margins. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265866. [PMID: 35588133 PMCID: PMC9119512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major concern in tissue biopsies with a needle is missing the most lethal clone of a tumor, leading to a false negative result. This concern is well justified, since needle-based biopsies gather tissue information limited to needle size. In this work, we show that molecular harvesting with electroporation, e-biopsy, could increase the sampled tissue volume in comparison to tissue sampling by a needle alone. Suggested by numerical models of electric fields distribution, the increased sampled volume is achieved by electroporation-driven permeabilization of cellular membranes in the tissue around the sampling needle. We show that proteomic profiles, sampled by e-biopsy from the brain tissue, ex vivo, at 0.5mm distance outside the visible margins of mice brain melanoma metastasis, have protein patterns similar to melanoma tumor center and different from the healthy brain tissue. In addition, we show that e-biopsy probed proteome signature differentiates between melanoma tumor center and healthy brain in mice. This study suggests that e-biopsy could provide a novel tool for a minimally invasive sampling of molecules in tissue in larger volumes than achieved with traditional needle biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilai Genish
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Batel Gabay
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Angela Ruban
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Goldshmit
- Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amrita Singh
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Julia Wise
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Klimentiy Levkov
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avshalom Shalom
- Plastic Surgery Department, Meir Medical Center, Kefar Sava, Israel
| | - Edward Vitkin
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Zohar Yakhini
- School of Computer Science, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZY); (AG)
| | - Alexander Golberg
- Porter School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZY); (AG)
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130
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Jahed Z, Yang Y, Tsai CT, Foster EP, McGuire AF, Yang H, Liu A, Forro C, Yan Z, Jiang X, Zhao MT, Zhang W, Li X, Li T, Pawlosky A, Wu JC, Cui B. Nanocrown electrodes for parallel and robust intracellular recording of cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2253. [PMID: 35474069 PMCID: PMC9042818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity arises primarily when a compound alters the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes. Features of intracellular action potentials (iAPs) are powerful biomarkers that predict proarrhythmic risks. In the last decade, a number of vertical nanoelectrodes have been demonstrated to achieve parallel and minimally-invasive iAP recordings. However, the large variability in success rate and signal strength have hindered nanoelectrodes from being broadly adopted for proarrhythmia drug assessment. In this work, we develop vertically-aligned nanocrown electrodes that are mechanically robust and achieve > 99% success rates in obtaining intracellular access through electroporation. We validate the accuracy of nanocrown electrode recordings by simultaneous patch clamp recording from the same cell. Finally, we demonstrate that nanocrown electrodes enable prolonged iAP recording for continual monitoring of the same cells upon the sequential addition of four incremental drug doses. Our technology development provides an advancement towards establishing an iAP screening assay for preclinical evaluation of drug-induced arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs school of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ethan P Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Allister F McGuire
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Aofei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Csaba Forro
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zen Yan
- Cyion Technologies, LLC, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Cyion Technologies, LLC, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Li
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Annalisa Pawlosky
- Google Accelerated Sciences, Google LLC, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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131
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Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived human cortical organoids allow for the analysis of stem cell behavior and neurogenesis in neural tissues. Delivery of plasmid DNA into organoids permits visualization of individual cells, characterization of cellular components, and manipulation of gene expression. We describe a protocol to transfect cells inside organoids with plasmid DNA using micro-injection and electroporation, allowing for DNA delivery to cells within cortical units. This protocol was optimized for cortical organoids; however, it may be adapted to other organoid models. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Denoth-Lippuner et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annina Denoth-Lippuner
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lars N. Royall
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Gonzalez-Bohorquez
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Machado
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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132
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O’Hare JK, Gonzalez KC, Herrlinger SA, Hirabayashi Y, Hewitt VL, Blockus H, Szoboszlay M, Rolotti SV, Geiller TC, Negrean A, Chelur V, Polleux F, Losonczy A. Compartment-specific tuning of dendritic feature selectivity by intracellular Ca 2+ release. Science 2022; 375:eabm1670. [PMID: 35298275 PMCID: PMC9667905 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic calcium signaling is central to neural plasticity mechanisms that allow animals to adapt to the environment. Intracellular calcium release (ICR) from the endoplasmic reticulum has long been thought to shape these mechanisms. However, ICR has not been investigated in mammalian neurons in vivo. We combined electroporation of single CA1 pyramidal neurons, simultaneous imaging of dendritic and somatic activity during spatial navigation, optogenetic place field induction, and acute genetic augmentation of ICR cytosolic impact to reveal that ICR supports the establishment of dendritic feature selectivity and shapes integrative properties determining output-level receptive fields. This role for ICR was more prominent in apical than in basal dendrites. Thus, ICR cooperates with circuit-level architecture in vivo to promote the emergence of behaviorally relevant plasticity in a compartment-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K. O’Hare
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Kevin C. Gonzalez
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Stephanie A. Herrlinger
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Yusuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Victoria L. Hewitt
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Heike Blockus
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Miklos Szoboszlay
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Sebi V. Rolotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Tristan C. Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Adrian Negrean
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Vikas Chelur
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University; New York, NY, 10027, United States
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133
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Xu D, Fang J, Yadid M, Zhang M, Wang H, Xia Q, Li H, Cao N, Dvir T, Hu N. A universal, multimodal cell-based biosensing platform for optimal intracellular action potential recording. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 206:114122. [PMID: 35245868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular recording of action potentials is an essential mean for studying disease mechanisms, and for electrophysiological studies, particularly in excitable cells as cardiomyocytes or neurons. Current strategies to obtain intracellular recordings include three-dimensional (3D) nanoelectrodes that can effectively penetrate the cell membrane and achieve high-quality intracellular recordings in a minimally invasive manner, or transient electroporation of the membrane that can yield temporary intracellular access. However, the former strategy requires a complicated and costly fabrication process, and the latter strategy suffers from high dependency on the method of application of electroporation, yielding inconsistent, suboptimal recordings. These factors hinder the high throughput use of these strategies in electrophysiological studies. In this work, we propose an advanced cell-based biosensing platform that relies on electroporation to produce consistent, high-quality intracellular recordings. The suggested universal system can be integrated with any electrode array, and it enables tunable electroporation with controllable pulse parameters, while the recorded potentials can be analyzed in real time to provide instantaneous feedback on the electroporation effectiveness. This integrated system enables the user to perform electroporation, record and assess the obtained signals in a facile manner, to ultimately achieve stable, reliable, intracellular recording. Moreover, the proposed platform relies on microelectrode arrays which are suited for large-scale production, and additional modules that are low-cost. Using this platform, we demonstrate the tuning of electroporation pulse width, pulse number, and amplitude, to achieve effective electroporation and high-quality intracellular recordings. This integrated platform has the potential to enable larger scale, repeatable, convenient, and low-cost electrophysiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Moran Yadid
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qijian Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tal Dvir
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; Sagol Center for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel; The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
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Koch EAT, Schaft N, Kummer M, Berking C, Schuler G, Hasumi K, Dörrie J, Schuler-Thurner B. A One-Armed Phase I Dose Escalation Trial Design: Personalized Vaccination with IKKβ-Matured, RNA-Loaded Dendritic Cells for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:785231. [PMID: 35185883 PMCID: PMC8854646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.785231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is an orphan disease with a mortality of 80% within one year upon the development of metastatic disease. UM does hardly respond to chemotherapy and kinase inhibitors and is largely resistant to checkpoint inhibition. Hence, further therapy approaches are urgently needed. To improve clinical outcome, we designed a trial employing the 3rd generation personalized IKKβ-matured RNA-transfected dendritic cell (DC) vaccine which primes T cells and in addition activates NK cells. This ongoing phase I trial [NCT04335890 (www.clinicaltrials.gov), Eudract: 2018-004390-28 (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu)] investigates patients with treatment-naive metastatic UM. Monocytes are isolated by leukapheresis, differentiated to immature DCs, matured with a cytokine cocktail, and activated via the NF-κB pathway by electroporation with RNA encoding a constitutively active mutant of IKKβ. Three types of antigen-RNA are co-electroporated: i) amplified mRNA of the tumor representing the whole transcriptome, ii) RNA encoding driver mutations identified by exome sequencing, and iii) overexpressed non-mutated tumor antigens detected by transcriptome sequencing. This highly personalized DC vaccine is applied by 9 intravenous infusions in a staggered schedule over one year. Parallel to the vaccination, standard therapy, usually an immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as mono (anti-PD-1) or combined (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1) regimen is initiated. The coordinated vaccine-induced immune response encompassing tumor-specific T cells and innate NK cells should synergize with ICB, perhaps resulting in measurable clinical responses in this resistant tumor entity. Primary outcome measures of this trial are safety, tolerability and toxicity; secondary outcome measures comprise overall survival and induction of antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A. T. Koch
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Niels Schaft,
| | - Mirko Kummer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Region of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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135
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Wang T, Brown DK, Xie X. Operando Investigation of Locally Enhanced Electric Field Treatment (LEEFT) Harnessing Lightning-Rod Effect for Rapid Bacteria Inactivation. Nano Lett 2022; 22:860-867. [PMID: 34734724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growth of undesired bacteria causes numerous problems. Here, we show that locally enhanced electric field treatment (LEEFT) can cause rapid bacteria inactivation by electroporation. The bacteria inactivation is studied in situ at the single-cell level on a lab-on-a-chip that has nanowedge-decorated electrodes. Rapid bacteria inactivation occurs at the nanowedge tips where the electric field is enhanced due to the lightning-rod effect. Electroporation induced by the locally enhanced electric field is the predominant mechanism. The antimicrobial performance depends on the strength of the enhanced electric field instead of the applied voltage, and no generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is detected when >90% bacteria inactivation is achieved. Quick membrane pore closure under lower voltages confirms that electroporation is induced in LEEFT. This work is the first-time visualization and mechanism elucidation of LEEFT for bacteria inactivation at the single-cell level, and the findings will provide strong support for its future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Devin K Brown
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xing Xie
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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136
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Dijk G, Poulkouras R, OConnor RP. Electroporation Microchip with Integrated Conducting Polymer Electrode Array for Highly Sensitive Impedance Measurement. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:2363-2369. [PMID: 35041593 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3143542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monitoring of impedance changes during electroporation-based treatments can be used to study the biological response and provide feedback regarding treatment progression. However, seamless integration of the sensing electrodes with the setup can be challenging and high impedance sensing electrodes limit the recording sensitivity as well as the spatial resolution. Here, we present an all-in-one microchip containing stimulation electrodes, as well as an array of low impedance, micro-scale sensing electrodes for highly sensitive electrical impedance spectroscopy. METHODS An in vitro platform is fabricated with integrated stimulation and sensing electrodes. To reduce the impedance, the sensing electrodes are coated with the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. The performance is studied during the growth of a confluent cell layer and treatment with electrical pulses. RESULTS Coated electrodes, compared to uncoated electrodes, show more pronounced impedance changes in a broader frequency range throughout the formation of a confluent cell layer and electrical treatment. CONCLUSION PEDOT:PSS coatings enhance monitoring of impedance changes with micro-scale electrodes, enabling high spatial resolution and increased sensitivity. SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced monitoring techniques can be utilized to study electroporation dynamics and monitor treatment progression for better understanding of underlying mechanisms and improved outcomes.
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137
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Zheng M, Lin Y, Xu J, Gao J, Gong W, Xie S, Yu Y, Lin J. Study on degranulation of mast cells under C48/80 treatment by electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectrascopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 265:120331. [PMID: 34536894 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Both electroporation-assisted and ultrasound-assisted delivery methods can rapidly deliver nanoparticles into living cells for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, but these two methods have never been compared. In this study, electroporation-assisted SERS and ultrasound-assisted SERS were employed to detect the biochemical changes of degranulated mast cells induced by mast cell stimulator (C48/80). The results showed that the cell damage of electroporation based on controllable electric pulse was smaller than that of ultrasound based on cavitation. Transmission electron microscope images of cells indicated that the nanoparticles delivered by electroporation were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, while ultrasound could transport nanoparticles to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Therefore, electroporation-assisted SERS mainly detects the biochemical information of cytoplasm, while ultrasound-assisted SERS gets more spectral signals of nucleic acid. Both methods can obtain high quality SERS signal of cells. With drug treatment, the SERS peak intensity of 733 cm-1 attributed to phosphatidylserine decreased significantly, which may be due to the activation of mast cell degranulation pathway stimulated by C48/80 agonist, resulting in a large amount of intracellular serine being used to synthesize tryptase, while the production of phosphatidylserine decreased. Further, based on principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA approach), ultrasound-assisted SERS could achieve better sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the discrimination and identification of drug-treated degranulated mast cells than electroporation assisted SERS. This exploratory work is helpful to realize the real-time dynamic SERS detection of intracellular biochemical components, and it also has great potential in intracellular SERS analysis, such as the cytotoxicity assay of anti-tumor drugs or cancer cell screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yamin Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianshu Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiamin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yun Yu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Juqiang Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of opto-electronic and Communication Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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138
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Krakowiak A, Czernek L, Pichlak M, Kaczmarek R. Intracellular HINT1-Assisted Hydrolysis of Nucleoside 5'- O-Selenophosphate Leads to the Release of Hydrogen Selenide That Exhibits Toxic Effects in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020607. [PMID: 35054788 PMCID: PMC8775712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a new selenium derivative, 2′-deoxyguanosine-5′-O-selenophosphate (dGMPSe), synthesized by the oxathiaphospholane method and adapted here for the synthesis of nucleoside selenophosphates. Using biochemical assays (HPLC- and fluorescence-based), we investigated the enzymatic activity of HINT1 towards dGMPSe in comparison with the corresponding thiophosphate nucleoside, i.e., dGMPS. Both substrates showed similar kcat and a small difference in Km, and during the reactions the release of reducing agents such as H2Se and H2S were expected and detected. MTT viability assay and microscopic analysis showed that dGMPSe was toxic to HeLa cancer cells, and this cytotoxicity was due to the release of H2Se. The release of H2Se or H2S in the living cells after administration of dGMPSe and/or dGMPS, both without carrier and by electroporation, was observed using a fluorescence assay, as previously for NMPS. In conclusion, our comparative experiments with dGMPSe and dGMPS indicate that the HINT1 enzyme is capable of converting (d)NMPSe to (d)NMP and H2Se, both in vitro and intracellularly. Since the anticancer activity of various selenium compounds depends on the formation of hydrogen selenide, the actual inducer of cell death, we propose that selenium-containing nucleotides represent another option as novel compounds with anticancer therapeutic potential.
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139
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Strack A, Deinzer A, Thirion C, Schrödel S, Dörrie J, Sauerer T, Steinkasserer A, Knippertz I. Breaking Entry-and Species Barriers: LentiBOOST ® Plus Polybrene Enhances Transduction Efficacy of Dendritic Cells and Monocytes by Adenovirus 5. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010092. [PMID: 35062296 PMCID: PMC8781300 DOI: 10.3390/v14010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to trigger strong immune responses, adenoviruses (HAdVs) in general and the serotype5 (HAdV-5) in particular are amongst the most popular viral vectors in research and clinical application. However, efficient transduction using HAdV-5 is predominantly achieved in coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-positive cells. In the present study, we used the transduction enhancer LentiBOOST® comprising the polycationic Polybrene to overcome these limitations. Using LentiBOOST®/Polybrene, we yielded transduction rates higher than 50% in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), while maintaining their cytokine expression profile and their capability to induce T-cell proliferation. In human dendritic cells (DCs), we increased the transduction rate from 22% in immature (i)DCs or 43% in mature (m)DCs to more than 80%, without inducing cytotoxicity. While expression of specific maturation markers was slightly upregulated using LentiBOOST®/Polybrene on iDCs, no effect on mDC phenotype or function was observed. Moreover, we achieved efficient HAdV5 transduction also in human monocytes and were able to subsequently differentiate them into proper iDCs and functional mDCs. In summary, we introduce LentiBOOST® comprising Polybrene as a highly potent adenoviral transduction agent for new in-vitro applications in a set of different immune cells in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Strack
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Andrea Deinzer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Wasserturmstraße 3/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Thirion
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (C.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Silke Schrödel
- SIRION Biotech GmbH, Am Klopferspitz 19, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; (C.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Tatjana Sauerer
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (J.D.); (T.S.)
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Ilka Knippertz
- Department of Immune Modulation, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Hartmannstr. 14, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (A.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (I.K.)
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Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) are small synthetic molecules of therapeutic interest for a variety of human disease. Their ability to bind mRNA and affect its splicing gives AONs potential use for exon skipping therapies aimed at restoring the dystrophin transcript reading frame for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients. The neutrally charged phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are a stable and relatively nontoxic AON modification. To assess exon skipping efficiency in vitro, it is important to deliver them to target cells. Here, we describe a method for the delivery of PMOs to myoblasts by electroporation. The described protocol for the Amaxa 4D X unit nucleofector system allows efficient processing of 16 samples in one nucleocuvette strip, aiding in high-throughput PMO efficacy screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Goossens
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemieke Aartsma-Rus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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141
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Hu S, Kao HY, Yang T, Wang Y. Early and Bi-hemispheric seizure onset in a rat glioblastoma Multiforme model. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136351. [PMID: 34793898 PMCID: PMC8642883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
GBM is the most life-threatening neurological disease with annual incidence of ∼ 5 cases per 100,000 people and a median survival of less than 15 months. Seizures are the first clinical symptoms in 40%-45% of patients with GBM and its epileptogenic mechanisms are poorly understood, largely due to the challenge to develop a clinically-relevant animal model and the unknown latent period. In this study, we used continuous video-EEG monitoring to detect the earliest interictal and ictal events in a CRISPR- IUE GBM rat model that shares pathological and clinical features with those observed in human patients. To our best knowledge, we showed for the first time that interictal epileptiform discharges emerged during early postnatal weeks and the first ictal event occurred during the fourth postnatal week. We also showed GBM animals showed independent bi-hemispheric epileptogenic events, suggesting a widespread circuitry dysregulation. Together, our work identified the temporal- and spatial frame of epileptogenic network in a highly clinically-relevant GBM animal model, paving ways for mechanistic studies at molecular, cellular and circuitry levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntong Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Kao
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, China.
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142
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Kawai J, Kanazawa M, Suzuki R, Kikuchi N, Hayakawa Y, Sekimoto H. Highly efficient transformation of the model zygnematophycean alga Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex by square-pulse electroporation. New Phytol 2022; 233:569-578. [PMID: 34605030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The zygnematophycean algae occupy an important phylogenetic position as the closest living relatives of land plants. Reverse genetics is quite useful for dissecting the functions of genes. However, this strategy requires genetic transformation, and there are only a few reports of successful transformation in zygnematophycean algae. Here, we established a simple and highly efficient transformation technique for the unicellular zygnematophycean alga Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale complex using a square electric pulse-generating electroporator without the need for cell wall removal. Using this method, the transformation efficiency increased > 100-fold compared with our previous study using particle bombardment. We also succeeded in performing CRISPR/Cas9-based gene knockout using this new method. Our method requires only small amounts of labor, time and incubator space. Moreover, our technique could also be utilized to transform other charophycean algae with available genome information by optimizing the electric pulse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Kawai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Manaki Kanazawa
- Division of Material and Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Rie Suzuki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | - Nanako Kikuchi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Sekimoto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
- Division of Material and Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8681, Japan
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143
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Lin-Cereghino J, Naranjo CA, Lin-Cereghino GP. Competent Cell Preparation and Transformation of Pichia pastoris. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2513:113-120. [PMID: 35781202 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2399-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During the past three decades, the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris (recently reclassified as Komagataella phaffii) has gained widespread acceptance as a system of choice for heterologous protein expression. One of the reasons that this yeast is used so frequently is the simplicity of techniques required for its molecular genetic manipulation. There are several different protocols available for introducing DNA into P. pastoris using electroporation or heat shock. We describe here a shortened protocol for cell preparation and transformation that works reliably with either prototrophic markers or antibiotic selection in this host. This procedure utilizes the most efficient portions of the electroporation and heat-shock transformation protocols to yield a method that is both time-saving and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Lin-Cereghino
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
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144
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Chang CH, Chen TY, Tang TK. Using in vivo cerebellar electroporation to study neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation in a Joubert syndrome mouse model. Methods Cell Biol 2022; 175:235-249. [PMID: 36967143 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy that mainly affects the morphogenesis of the cerebellum and brain stem. To date, mutations in at least 39 genes have been identified in JS; all these gene-encoding proteins are involved in the biogenesis of the primary cilium and centrioles. Recent studies using the mouse model carrying deleted or mutated JS-related genes exhibited cerebellar hypoplasia with a reduction in neurogenesis; however, investigating specific neuronal behaviors during their development in vivo remains challenging. Here, we describe an in vivo cerebellar electroporation technique that can be used to deliver plasmids carrying GFP and/or shRNAs into the major cerebellar cell type, granule neurons, from their progenitor state to their maturation in a spatiotemporal-specific manner. By combining this method with cerebellar immunostaining and EdU incorporation, these approaches enable the investigation of the cell-autonomous effect of JS-related genes in granule neuron progenitors, including the pathogenesis of ectopic neurons and the defects in neuronal differentiation. This approach provides information toward understanding the multifaceted roles of JS-related genes during cerebellar development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang K Tang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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145
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Kasir D, Osman M, Hamze M, Bouchara JP, Courdavault V, Papon N. An Optimized Electroporation Procedure for Genetic Transformation of Candida auris. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2517:89-94. [PMID: 35674947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2417-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida auris is responsible for recent outbreaks with significant mortality in hospitalized and long-term care patients. As a highly transmissible and multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen, genetic tools are urgently needed for deciphering mechanisms involved in the host-pathogen interactions and potentially identifying new fungal targets for therapeutic development. Here, we provide a reliable transformation protocol based on an efficient electroporation procedure and the use of a mycophenolic acid resistance marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Kasir
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | | | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, Angers, France.
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146
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Lee MF, Chiang CH, Lin SJ, Wu CS, Chen YH. Effectiveness and safety of oral lactococci-based vaccine encoding triple common allergens to prevent airway allergy in mice. PLoS One 2022; 16:e0261333. [PMID: 34972127 PMCID: PMC8719749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic airway disease is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disorder in developed countries. House dust mite, cockroach, and mold are the leading allergens in most tropical and subtropical countries, including Taiwan. As allergen avoidance is difficult for patients allergic to these perennial indoor allergens, allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only available allergen-specific and disease-modifying treatment. However, for patients sensitized to multiple allergens, ASIT using each corresponding allergen is cumbersome. In the present study, we developed a recombinant L. lactis vaccine against the three most common indoor aeroallergens and investigated its effectiveness for preventing respiratory allergy and safety in mice. Three recombinant clones of Der p 2 (mite), Per a 2 (roach), and Cla c 14 (mold) were constructed individually in pNZ8149 vector and then electroporated into host strain L.lactis NZ3900. BALB/c mice were fed with the triple vaccine 5 times per week for 4 weeks prior to sensitization. The effectiveness and safety profile were then determined. Oral administration of the triple vaccine significantly alleviated allergen-induced airway hyper-responsiveness in the vaccinated mice. The allergen-specific IgG2a was upregulated. IL-4 and IL-13 mRNA expressions as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs decreased significantly in the vaccinated groups. No body weight loss or abnormal findings in the liver and kidneys were found in any of the groups of mice. This is the first report to describe a triple-aeroallergen vaccine using a food-grade lactococcal expression system. We developed a convenient oral delivery system and intend to extend this research to develop a vaccination that can be self-administered at home by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mey-Fann Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hui Chiang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Wu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsing Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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147
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Trotovšek B, Djokić M, Čemažar M, Serša G. New era of electrochemotherapy in treatment of liver tumors in conjunction with immunotherapies. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:8216-8226. [PMID: 35068866 PMCID: PMC8717013 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i48.8216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy is a local ablative therapy that increases the cytotoxicity of either bleomycin or cisplatin by applying electric pulses (electroporation) to tumors. It has already been widely used throughout Europe for the treatment of various types of human and veterinary cutaneous tumors, with an objective response rate ranging from 70%-90%, depending on the tumor histotype. Recently, electrochemotherapy was introduced for the treatment of primary liver tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The complete response rate was 85% per treated lesion, with a durable response. Therefore, electrochemotherapy could become a treatment of choice for HCC, especially after achieving a transition from an open surgery approach to a percutaneous approach that uses dedicated electrodes. Electrochemotherapy elicits a local immune response and can be considered an in situ vaccination. HCC, among others, is a potentially immunogenic tumor; thus, electrochemotherapy could boost adjuvant immunotherapy to achieve a better and longer-lasting antitumor response. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that combine electrochemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adjuvant treatment with cytokines are indicated for HCC. Immunogene therapy using electroporation as a delivery system for plasmid DNA coding for interleukin-12 is a highly promising approach. This electroporation approach has shown efficacy in preclinical settings and veterinary oncology and is awaiting translation for the treatment of liver tumors, i.e., HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaž Trotovšek
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Mihajlo Djokić
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Medical Faculty Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola 6310, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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148
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Pinto C, Pérez V, Mella J, Albistur M, Caprile T, Bronfman FC, Henríquez JP. Transport and Secretion of the Wnt3 Ligand by Motor Neuron-like Cells and Developing Motor Neurons. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121898. [PMID: 34944540 PMCID: PMC8699186 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is formed by a presynaptic motor nerve terminal and a postsynaptic muscle specialization. Cumulative evidence reveals that Wnt ligands secreted by the nerve terminal control crucial steps of NMJ synaptogenesis. For instance, the Wnt3 ligand is expressed by motor neurons at the time of NMJ formation and induces postsynaptic differentiation in recently formed muscle fibers. However, the behavior of presynaptic-derived Wnt ligands at the vertebrate NMJ has not been deeply analyzed. Here, we conducted overexpression experiments to study the expression, distribution, secretion, and function of Wnt3 by transfection of the motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell line and by in ovo electroporation of chick motor neurons. Our findings reveal that Wnt3 is transported along motor axons in vivo following a vesicular-like pattern and reaches the NMJ area. In vitro, we found that endogenous Wnt3 expression increases as the differentiation of NSC-34 cells proceeds. Although NSC-34 cells overexpressing Wnt3 do not modify their morphological differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype, they effectively induce acetylcholine receptor clustering on co-cultured myotubes. These findings support the notion that presynaptic Wnt3 is transported and secreted by motor neurons to induce postsynaptic differentiation in nascent NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pinto
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Viviana Pérez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Jessica Mella
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Miguel Albistur
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Axon Guidance Laboratory, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile;
| | - Francisca C. Bronfman
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Science, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- CARE Biomedical Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Henríquez
- Neuromuscular Studies Laboratory (NeSt Lab), CMA Bio-Bio, Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070112, Chile; (C.P.); (V.P.); (J.M.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-220-3492
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149
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Yu M, Li S. Irreversible electroporation for liver cancer ablation: A meta analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 48:1321-1330. [PMID: 35012834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of IRE in the treatment of hepatic malignant tumors, especially the damage to the gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, and vital vessels. METHODS The relevant literatures published from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2021 were searched from PubMed and Embase databases. The following keywords were applied: "irreversible electroporation", "IRE", "unresectable Hepa∗ cancer", "ablation" and "ablation therapy". RESULTS Twenty-six studies were identified covering 807 participants and 1115 lesions. The complete ablation rate of liver cancer by IRE was 86% (95% CI: 81%-90%). The incidence of IRE-related complications was 23% (95% CI: 17%-28%), but most of them were minor, major complications such as biliary fistula, intestinal fistula and massive hemorrhage were rare. CONCLUSION Meta-analysis showed that IRE ablation is safe and effective for liver cancer treatment. Bile duct, intestine and blood vessels adjacent to the tumors are rarely damaged by IRE ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoli Yu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, PR China.
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150
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Agostini F, Vicinanza C, Biolo G, Spessotto P, Da Ros F, Lombardi E, Durante C, Mazzucato M. Nucleofection of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Improved Transfection Efficiency for GMP Grade Applications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123412. [PMID: 34943920 PMCID: PMC8700287 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleofection (NF) is a safe, non-viral transfection method, compatible with Good Manufacturing Practice guidelines. Such a technique is useful to improve therapeutic effectiveness of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) in clinical settings, but improvement of NF efficiency is mandatory. Supernatant rich in growth factors (SRGF) is a clinical-grade medium additive for ASC expansion. We showed a dramatically increased NF efficiency and post-transfection viability in ASC expanded in presence of SRGF (vs. fetal bovine serum). SRGF expanded ASC were characterized by increased vesicle endocytosis but lower phagocytosis properties. SRGF increased n-6/n-3 ratio, reduced membrane lipid raft occurrence, and lowered intracellular actin content in ASC. A statistical correlation between NF efficiency and lipid raft availability on cell membranes was shown, even though a direct relationship could not be demonstrated: attempts to selectively modulate lipid rafts levels were, in fact, limited by technical constraints. In conclusion, we reported for the first time that tuning clinical-grade compatible cell culture conditions can significantly improve ASC transfection efficiency by a non-viral and safe approach. A deep mechanistic characterization is extremely complex, but we can hypothesize that integrated changes in membrane structure and intracellular actin content could contribute to explain SRGF impact on ASC NF efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Agostini
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0434-659095
| | - Carla Vicinanza
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Clinica Medica, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Francesco Da Ros
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Elisabetta Lombardi
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Cristina Durante
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Mazzucato
- Stem Cell Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (C.V.); (F.D.R.); (E.L.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
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