101
|
Liu M, Li Z, Chen GW, Li ZM, Wang LP, Ye JT, Luo HB, Liu PQ. AG-690/11026014, a novel PARP-1 inhibitor, protects cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced hypertrophy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:14-22. [PMID: 24859603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzyme, as a sensor of DNA damage, could convert nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) into long poly(ADP-ribose) chains and regulate many cellular processes, including DNA repair, gene transcription, cell survival and chromatin remodeling. However, excessive activation of PARP-1 depletes its substrate NAD and leads to cell death. Mounting evidences have shown that PARP-1 overactivation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In present study, a novel PARP-1 inhibitor AG-690/11026014 (6014) was identified based on virtual screening and validated by bioassay. Our results further showed that 6014 prevented the cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced hypertrophy, accompanying attenuation of the mRNA and protein expressions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and reduce in the cell surface area. Additionally, 6014 reversed the depletion ofcellular NAD and SIRT6 deacetylase activity induced by AngII in cardiomyocytes. These observations suggest that anti-hypertrophic effect of 6014 might be partially attributed to the rescue of NAD depletion and subsequent restoring of SIRT6 activity by inhibition of PARP-1. Moreover, 6014 attenuated the generation of oxidative stress via suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 and 4, which might probably contribute to the inhibition of PARP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guo-Wen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Ming Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lu-Ping Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jian-Tao Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Pei-Qing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Gregg JL, Turner RM, Chang G, Joshi D, Zhan Y, Chen L, Maranchie JK. NADPH oxidase NOX4 supports renal tumorigenesis by promoting the expression and nuclear accumulation of HIF2α. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3501-3511. [PMID: 24755467 PMCID: PMC4079760 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most sporadically occurring renal tumors include a functional loss of the tumor suppressor von Hippel Lindau (VHL). Development of VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) relies upon activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF2α), a master transcriptional regulator of genes that drive diverse processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation, and anaerobic metabolism. In determining the critical functions for HIF2α expression in RCC cells, the NADPH oxidase NOX4 has been identified, but the pathogenic contributions of NOX4 to RCC have not been evaluated directly. Here, we report that NOX4 silencing in VHL-deficient RCC cells abrogates cell branching, invasion, colony formation, and growth in a murine xenograft model RCC. These alterations were phenocopied by treatment of the superoxide scavenger, TEMPOL, or by overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase or catalase. Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF2α in RCC cells. Our results offer direct evidence that NOX4 is critical for renal tumorigenesis and they show how NOX4 suppression and VHL re-expression in VHL-deficient RCC cells are genetically synonymous, supporting development of therapeutic regimens aimed at NOX4 blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Robert M. Turner
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Guimin Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Disha Joshi
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Ye Zhan
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Surgery
| | - Li Chen
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| | - Jodi K. Maranchie
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Urology and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
| |
Collapse
|
103
|
Abstract
The endothelium is located in a strategic anatomical position within the blood vessel wall and thus constitutes a barrier between the blood and all tissues. The integrity of the endothelial cells, which line the entire circulatory system like wallpaper, is essential to prevent the onset of cardiovascular disorders. Aging is one of the major risk factors for the development of heart and vascular diseases. However, over the past years it has become clear that the functional capacity of endothelial cells declines with age and that physiological aging occurs independently of pathological changes. One important mechanism contributing to the onset of the aging. process is the disturbance of the cellular redox homeostasis. Two key molecules involved in maintaining the delicate balance between oxidative and antioxidative systems are NADPH oxidase 4, an enzyme whose sole function is to produce reactive oxygen species and the oxidoreductase thioredoxin-1, which reduces oxidized proteins. Therefore, this review will focus on the role of these two proteins in cardiovascular aging.
Collapse
|
104
|
Ribeiro-Pereira C, Moraes JA, Souza MDJ, Laurindo FR, Arruda MA, Barja-Fidalgo C. Redox modulation of FAK controls melanoma survival--role of NOX4. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99481. [PMID: 24911159 PMCID: PMC4050056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase are essential for melanoma proliferation and survival. However, the mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase regulates these effects are still unclear. In this work, we investigate the role of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS in the signaling events that coordinate melanoma cell survival. Using the highly metastatic human melanoma cell line MV3, we observed that pharmacological NADPH oxidase inhibition reduced melanoma viability and induced dramatic cellular shape changes. These effects were accompanied by actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, diminished FAKY397 phosphorylation, and decrease of FAK-actin and FAK-cSrc association, indicating disassembly of focal adhesion processes, a phenomenon that often results in anoikis. Accordingly, NADPH oxidase inhibition also enhanced hypodiploid DNA content, and caspase-3 activation, suggesting activation of the apoptotic machinery. NOX4 is likely to be involved in these effects, since silencing of NOX4 significantly inhibited basal ROS production, reduced FAKY397 phosphorylation and decreased tumor cell viability. Altogether, the results suggest that intracellular ROS generated by the NADPH oxidase, most likely NOX4, transmits cell survival signals on melanoma cells through the FAK pathway, maintaining adhesion contacts and cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Ribeiro-Pereira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Alfredo Moraes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariele de Jesus Souza
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco R. Laurindo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta Arruda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Vice-Diretoria de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação, Farmanguinhos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Huang Q, Sparatore A, Del Soldato P, Wu L, Desai K. Hydrogen sulfide releasing aspirin, ACS14, attenuates high glucose-induced increased methylglyoxal and oxidative stress in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97315. [PMID: 24896242 PMCID: PMC4045575 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a gasotransmitter with vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Aspirin is an irreversible cyclooxygenase inhibitor anti-inflammatory drug. ACS14 is a novel synthetic hydrogen sulfide releasing aspirin which inhibits cyclooxygenase and has antioxidant effects. Methylglyoxal is a chemically active metabolite of glucose and fructose, and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products formation. Methylglyoxal is harmful when produced in excess. Plasma methylglyoxal levels are significantly elevated in diabetic patients. Our aim was to investigate the effects of ACS14 on methylglyoxal levels in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. We used cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells for the study. Methylglyoxal was measured by HPLC after derivatization, and nitrite+nitrate with an assay kit. Western blotting was used to determine NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Dicholorofluorescein assay was used to measure oxidative stress. ACS14 significantly attenuated elevation of intracellular methylglyoxal levels caused by incubating cultured vascular smooth muscle cells with methylglyoxal (30 µM) and high glucose (25 mM). ACS14, but not aspirin, caused a significant attenuation of increase in nitrite+nitrate levels caused by methylglyoxal or high glucose. ACS14, aspirin, and sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS, a hydrogen sulfide donor), all attenuated the increase in oxidative stress caused by methylglyoxal and high glucose in cultured cells. ACS14 prevented the increase in NOX4 expression caused by incubating the cultured VSMCs with MG (30 µM). ACS14, aspirin and NaHS attenuated the increase in iNOS expression caused by high glucose (25 mM). In conclusion, ACS14 has the novel ability to attenuate an increase in methylglyoxal levels which in turn can reduce oxidative stress, decrease the formation of advanced glycation end products and prevent many of the known deleterious effects of elevated methylglyoxal. Thus, ACS14 has the potential to be especially beneficial for diabetic patients pending further in vivo studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- King's Lab, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anna Sparatore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (KD); (LW)
| | - Kaushik Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail: (KD); (LW)
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Padron AS, Neto RAL, Pantaleão TU, de Souza dos Santos MC, Araujo RL, de Andrade BM, da Silva Leandro M, de Castro JPSW, Ferreira ACF, de Carvalho DP. Administration of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) causes central hypothyroidism and stimulates thyroid-sensitive tissues. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:415-27. [PMID: 24692290 PMCID: PMC4045230 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In general, 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) increases the resting metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, exerting short-term beneficial metabolic effects on rats subjected to a high-fat diet. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of chronic 3,5-T2 administration on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, body mass gain, adipose tissue mass, and body oxygen consumption in Wistar rats from 3 to 6 months of age. The rats were treated daily with 3,5-T2 (25, 50, or 75 μg/100 g body weight, s.c.) for 90 days between the ages of 3 and 6 months. The administration of 3,5-T2 suppressed thyroid function, reducing not only thyroid iodide uptake but also thyroperoxidase, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and thyroid type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (D1 (DIO1)) activities and expression levels, whereas the expression of the TSH receptor and dual oxidase (DUOX) were increased. Serum TSH, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were reduced in a 3,5-T2 dose-dependent manner, whereas oxygen consumption increased in these animals, indicating the direct action of 3,5-T2 on this physiological variable. Type 2 deiodinase activity increased in both the hypothalamus and the pituitary, and D1 activities in the liver and kidney were also increased in groups treated with 3,5-T2. Moreover, after 3 months of 3,5-T2 administration, body mass and retroperitoneal fat pad mass were significantly reduced, whereas the heart rate and mass were unchanged. Thus, 3,5-T2 acts as a direct stimulator of energy expenditure and reduces body mass gain; however, TSH suppression may develop secondary to 3,5-T2 administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Souto Padron
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Urgal Pantaleão
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina de Souza dos Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Lopes Araujo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Moulin de Andrade
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique da Silva Leandro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Saar Werneck de Castro
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Claudia Freitas Ferreira
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Pires de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris RosenthalInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho and Instituto de Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INPeTAM), CCS-Bloco G- Cidade Universitria, Ilha do Fundo, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia do ExercícioEscola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Ogrunc M, Di Micco R, Liontos M, Bombardelli L, Mione M, Fumagalli M, Gorgoulis VG, d'Adda di Fagagna F. Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species fuel hyperproliferation and DNA damage response activation. Cell Death Differ 2014. [PMID: 24583638 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to be signaling molecules that mediate proliferative cues. However, ROS may also cause DNA damage and proliferative arrest. How these apparently opposite roles can be reconciled, especially in the context of oncogene-induced cellular senescence, which is associated both with aberrant mitogenic signaling and DNA damage response (DDR)-mediated arrest, is unclear. Here, we show that ROS are indeed mitogenic signaling molecules that fuel oncogene-driven aberrant cell proliferation. However, by their very same ability to mediate cell hyperproliferation, ROS eventually cause DDR activation. We also show that oncogenic Ras-induced ROS are produced in a Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox4)-dependent manner. In addition, we show that Ras-induced ROS can be detected and modulated in a living transparent animal: the zebrafish. Finally, in cancer we show that Nox4 is increased in both human tumors and a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and specific Nox4 small-molecule inhibitors act synergistically with existing chemotherapic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ogrunc
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - R Di Micco
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - M Liontos
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - L Bombardelli
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mione
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - M Fumagalli
- IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy
| | - V G Gorgoulis
- 1] Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece [2] Basic Science II Center, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - F d'Adda di Fagagna
- 1] IFOM Foundation, The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy [2] Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Wang M, Abais JM, Meng N, Zhang Y, Ritter JK, Li PL, Tang WX. Upregulation of cannabinoid receptor-1 and fibrotic activation of mouse hepatic stellate cells during Schistosoma J. infection: role of NADPH oxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:109-120. [PMID: 24657416 PMCID: PMC6739633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (CS) has been implicated in the development of hepatic fibrosis such as schistosomiasis-associated liver fibrosis (SSLF). However, the mechanisms mediating the action of the CS in hepatic fibrosis are unclear. The present study hypothesized that Schistosoma J. infection upregulates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) due to activation of NADPH oxidase leading to a fibrotic phenotype in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The SSLF model was developed by infecting mice with Schistosoma J. cercariae in the skin, and HSCs from control and infected mice were then isolated, cultured, and confirmed by analysis of HSC markers α-SMA and desmin. CB1 significantly increased in HSCs isolated from mice with SSLF, which was accompanied by a greater expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1. CB1 upregulation and enhanced fibrotic changes were also observed in normal HSCs treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis further demonstrated that superoxide (O2(-)) production was increased in infected HSCs or normal HSCs stimulated with SEA. Both Nox4 and Nox1 siRNA prevented SEA-induced upregulation of CB1, α-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1 by inhibition of O2(-) production, while CB1 siRNA blocked SEA-induced fibrotic changes without effect on O2(-) production in these HSCs. Taken together, these data suggest that the fibrotic activation of HSCs on Schistosoma J. infection or SEA stimulation is associated with NADPH oxidase-mediated redox regulation of CB1 expression, which may be a triggering mechanism for SSLF.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Helminth/pharmacology
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Desmin/genetics
- Desmin/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/drug effects
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Hepatic Stellate Cells/parasitology
- Host-Parasite Interactions
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/parasitology
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/complications
- Liver Cirrhosis/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/genetics
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 1
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Schistosoma japonicum/physiology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/complications
- Schistosomiasis japonica/genetics
- Schistosomiasis japonica/parasitology
- Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/genetics
- Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Nan Meng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Wang-Xian Tang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie-Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Boudreau HE, Casterline BW, Burke DJ, Leto TL. Wild-type and mutant p53 differentially regulate NADPH oxidase 4 in TGF-β-mediated migration of human lung and breast epithelial cells. Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2569-82. [PMID: 24714748 PMCID: PMC4021516 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to increased cell plasticity at the onset of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Mechanisms involved in TGF-β-mediated EMT and cell motility are unclear. Recent studies showed that p53 affects TGF-β/SMAD3-mediated signalling, cell migration, and tumorigenesis. We previously demonstrated that Nox4, a Nox family NADPH oxidase, is a TGF-β/SMAD3-inducible source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) affecting cell migration and fibronectin expression, an EMT marker, in normal and metastatic breast epithelial cells. Our present study investigates the involvement of p53 in TGF-β-regulated Nox4 expression and cell migration. METHODS We investigated the effect of wild-type p53 (WT-p53) and mutant p53 proteins on TGF-β-regulated Nox4 expression and cell migration. Nox4 mRNA and protein, ROS production, cell migration, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activation were examined in three different cell models based on their p53 mutational status. H1299, a p53-null lung epithelial cell line, was used for heterologous expression of WT-p53 or mutant p53. In contrast, functional studies using siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous p53 were conducted in MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast epithelial cells that express p53-R280K and MCF-10A normal breast cells that have WT-p53. RESULTS We found that WT-p53 is a potent suppressor of TGF-β-induced Nox4, ROS production, and cell migration in p53-null lung epithelial (H1299) cells. In contrast, tumour-associated mutant p53 proteins (R175H or R280K) caused enhanced Nox4 expression and cell migration in both TGF-β-dependent and TGF-β-independent pathways. Moreover, knockdown of endogenous mutant p53 (R280K) in TGF-β-treated MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast epithelial cells resulted in decreased Nox4 protein and reduced phosphorylation of FAK, a key regulator of cell motility. Expression of WT-p53 or dominant-negative Nox4 decreased TGF-β-mediated FAK phosphorylation, whereas mutant p53 (R280K) increased phospho-FAK. Furthermore, knockdown of WT-p53 in MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells increased basal Nox4 expression, whereas p53-R280K could override endogenous WT-p53 repression of Nox4. Remarkably, immunofluorescence analysis revealed MCF-10A cells expressing p53-R280K mutant showed an upregulation of Nox4 in both confluent and migrating cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings define novel opposing functions for WT-p53 and mutant p53 proteins in regulating Nox4-dependent signalling in TGF-β-mediated cell motility.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Breast/cytology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Enzyme Induction
- Epithelial Cells/physiology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Female
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Lung/cytology
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/biosynthesis
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Transfection
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/physiology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Boudreau
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - B W Casterline
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - D J Burke
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - T L Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12441 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Kern G, Mair SM, Noppert SJ, Jennings P, Schramek H, Rudnicki M, Mueller GA, Mayer G, Koppelstaetter C. Tacrolimus increases Nox4 expression in human renal fibroblasts and induces fibrosis-related genes by aberrant TGF-beta receptor signalling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96377. [PMID: 24816588 PMCID: PMC4015940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic nephrotoxicity of immunosuppressives is one of the main limiting factors in the long-term outcome of kidney transplants, leading to tissue fibrosis and ultimate organ failure. The cytokine TGF-β is considered a key factor in this process. In the human renal fibroblast cell line TK-173, the macrolide calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (FK-506) induced TGF-β-like effects, manifested by increased expression of NAD(P)H-oxidase 4 (Nox4), transgelin, tropomyosin 1, and procollagen α1(V) mRNA after three days. The macrolide mTOR inhibitor rapamycin had similar effects, while cyclosporine A did not induce fibrose-related genes. Concentration dependence curves were sigmoid, where mRNA expression was induced already at low nanomolar levels of tacrolimus, and reached saturation at 100-300 nM. The effects were independent of extracellular TGF-β as confirmed by the use of neutralizing antibodies, and thus most likely caused by aberrant TGF-β receptor signaling, where binding of tacrolimus to the regulatory FKBP12 protein results in a "leaky" TGF-β receptor. The myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin was neither induced by tacrolimus nor by TGF-β1, indicating an incomplete activation of TK-173 fibroblasts under culture conditions. Tacrolimus- and TGF-β1-induced Nox4 protein upregulation was confirmed by Western blotting, and was accompanied by a rise in intracellular H2O2 concentration. Si-RNA mediated knock-down of Nox4 expression prevented up-regulation of procollagen α1(V) mRNA in tacrolimus-treated cells, but induced procollagen α1(V) expression in control cells. Nox4 knock-down had no significant effect on the other genes tested. TGF-β is a key molecule in fibrosis, and the constant activation of aberrant receptor signaling by tacrolimus might contribute to the long-term development of interstitial kidney fibrosis in immunosuppressed patients. Nox4 levels possibly play a regulatory role in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kern
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine M. Mair
- Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susie-Jane Noppert
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Jennings
- Physiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Schramek
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard A. Mueller
- Rheumatology and Nephrology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gert Mayer
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
111
|
Liu GS, Wu JC, Tsai HE, Dusting GJ, Chan EC, Wu CS, Tai MH. Proopiomelanocortin gene delivery induces apoptosis in melanoma through NADPH oxidase 4-mediated ROS generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 70:14-22. [PMID: 24412703 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment triggers differential signaling pathways for tumor survival. In this study, we characterize the involvement of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the antineoplastic mechanism of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene delivery in a mouse B16-F10 melanoma model in vivo and in vitro. Histological analysis revealed increased TUNEL-positive cells and enhanced hypoxic activities in melanoma treated with adenovirus encoding POMC (Ad-POMC) but not control vector. Because the apoptotic cells were detected mainly in regions distant from blood vessels, it was hypothesized that POMC therapy might render melanoma cells vulnerable to hypoxic insult. Using a hypoxic chamber or cobalt chloride (CoCl2), we showed that POMC gene delivery elicited apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in cultured B16-F10 cells only under hypoxic conditions. The apoptosis induced by POMC gene delivery was associated with elevated ROS generation in vitro and in vivo. Blocking ROS generation using the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine abolished the apoptosis and caspase-3 activities induced by POMC gene delivery and hypoxia. We further showed that POMC-derived melanocortins, including α-MSH, β-MSH, and ACTH, but not γ-MSH, contributed to POMC-induced apoptosis and ROS generation during hypoxia. To elucidate the source of ROS generation, application of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium attenuated α-MSH-induced apoptosis and ROS generation, implicating the proapoptotic role of NADPH oxidase in POMC action. Of the NADPH oxidase isoforms, only Nox4 was expressed in B16-F10 cells, and Nox4 was also elevated in Ad-POMC-treated melanoma tissues. Silencing Nox4 gene expression with Nox4 siRNA suppressed the stimulatory effect of α-MSH-induced ROS generation and cell apoptosis during hypoxia. In summary, we demonstrate that POMC gene delivery suppressed melanoma growth by inducing apoptosis, which was at least partly dependent on Nox4 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guei-Sheung Liu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jian-Ching Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Han-En Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Science, and National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Chieh-Shan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Science, and National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan; Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Bai G, Hock TD, Logsdon N, Zhou Y, Thannickal VJ. A far-upstream AP-1/Smad binding box regulates human NOX4 promoter activation by transforming growth factor-β. Gene 2014; 540:62-7. [PMID: 24560583 PMCID: PMC4009368 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a member of the NADPH oxidase gene family that regulates cellular differentiation, innate immunity and tissue fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) is known to induce expression of NOX4 mRNA in mesenchymal cells. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of NOX4 are not well understood. In this study, we examined the transcriptional regulation of NOX4 in human lung fibroblasts by TGF-β1. Five promoter-reporter constructs containing DNA fragments of 0.74kb, 1.35kb, 1.84kb, 3.97kb and 4.76kb upstream from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of the human NOX4 gene were generated and their relative responsiveness to TGF-β1 analyzed. TGF-β1-induced NOX4 gene promoter activation requires a region between -3.97kb and -4.76kb. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a 15bp AP-1/Smad binding element in this region. Mutation or deletion of either the AP-1 or the Smad element attenuated TGF-β1 responsiveness of the -4.76kb NOX4 promoter. Furthermore, insertion of this AP-1/Smad box conferred TGF-β1 inducibility to the non-responsive -3.97kb NOX4 promoter construct. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that phospho-Smad3 and cJun associate with this element in a TGF-β1-inducible manner. These results demonstrate that the AP-1/Smad box located between 3.97kb and 4.76kb upstream of the TSS site of the NOX4 promoter is essential for NOX4 gene transcription induced by TGF-β1 in human lung fibroblasts. Our study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of NOX4 gene expression, informing novel therapeutic approaches to interfere with upregulation of NOX4 in diseases characterized by activation of the TGF-β1/NOX4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxing Bai
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas D Hock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Naomi Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Hecker L, Logsdon NJ, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar A, Bernard K, Hock T, Meldrum E, Sanders YY, Thannickal VJ. Reversal of persistent fibrosis in aging by targeting Nox4-Nrf2 redox imbalance. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:231ra47. [PMID: 24718857 PMCID: PMC4545252 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of pathological fibrosis increase with advancing age, although mechanisms for this association are unclear. We assessed the capacity for repair of lung injury in young (2 months) and aged (18 months) mice. Whereas the severity of fibrosis was not different between these groups, aged mice demonstrated an impaired capacity for fibrosis resolution. Persistent fibrosis in lungs of aged mice was characterized by the accumulation of senescent and apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts. These cellular phenotypes were sustained by alterations in cellular redox homeostasis resulting from elevated expression of the reactive oxygen species-generating enzyme Nox4 [NADPH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase-4] and an impaired capacity to induce the Nrf2 (NFE2-related factor 2) antioxidant response. Lung tissues from human subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and fatal lung disease, also demonstrated this Nox4-Nrf2 imbalance. Nox4 mediated senescence and apoptosis resistance in IPF fibroblasts. Genetic and pharmacological targeting of Nox4 in aged mice with established fibrosis attenuated the senescent, antiapoptotic myofibroblast phenotype and led to a reversal of persistent fibrosis. These studies suggest that loss of cellular redox homeostasis promotes profibrotic myofibroblast phenotypes that result in persistent fibrosis associated with aging. Our studies suggest that restoration of Nox4-Nrf2 redox balance in myofibroblasts may be a therapeutic strategy in age-associated fibrotic disorders, potentially able to resolve persistent fibrosis or even reverse its progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Naomi J. Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ashish Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas Hock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Yan Y. Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Crosas-Molist E, Bertran E, Sancho P, López-Luque J, Fernando J, Sánchez A, Fernández M, Navarro E, Fabregat I. The NADPH oxidase NOX4 inhibits hepatocyte proliferation and liver cancer progression. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:338-47. [PMID: 24509161 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase NOX4 has emerged as an important source of reactive oxygen species in signal transduction, playing roles in physiological and pathological processes. NOX4 mediates transforming growth factor-β-induced intracellular signals that provoke liver fibrosis, and preclinical assays have suggested NOX4 inhibitors as useful tools to ameliorate this process. However, the potential consequences of sustained treatment of liver cells with NOX4 inhibitors are yet unknown. The aim of this work was to analyze whether NOX4 plays a role in regulating liver cell growth either under physiological conditions or during tumorigenesis. In vitro assays proved that stable knockdown of NOX4 expression in human liver tumor cells increased cell proliferation, which correlated with a higher percentage of cells in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, downregulation of p21(CIP1/WAF1), increase in cyclin D1 protein levels, and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Silencing of NOX4 in untransformed human and mouse hepatocytes also increased their in vitro proliferative capacity. In vivo analysis in mice revealed that NOX4 expression was downregulated under physiological proliferative situations of the liver, such as regeneration after partial hepatectomy, as well as during pathological proliferative conditions, such as diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Xenograft experiments in athymic mice indicated that NOX4 silencing conferred an advantage to human hepatocarcinoma cells, resulting in earlier onset of tumor formation and increase in tumor size. Interestingly, immunochemical analyses of NOX4 expression in human liver tumor cell lines and tissues revealed decreased NOX4 protein levels in liver tumorigenesis. Overall, results described here strongly suggest that NOX4 would play a growth-inhibitory role in liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Crosas-Molist
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Bertran
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit López-Luque
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Fernando
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28080 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28080 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estanis Navarro
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Fabregat
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Wang J, Hong Z, Zeng C, Yu Q, Wang H. NADPH oxidase 4 promotes cardiac microvascular angiogenesis after hypoxia/reoxygenation in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 69:278-88. [PMID: 24480752 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction plays a key role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, wherein reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling is intensively involved. However, the roles of the various ROS sources remain unclear. This study sought to investigate the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the cardiac microvascular endothelium in response to I/R injury. Adult rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were isolated and subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Our results showed that Nox4 was highly expressed in CMECs, was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels after H/R injury, and contributed to H/R-stimulated increase in Nox activity and ROS generation. Downregulation of Nox4 by small interfering RNA transfection did not affect cell viability or ROS production under normoxia, but exacerbated H/R injury as evidenced by increased apoptosis and inhibited cell survival, migration, and angiogenesis after H/R. Nox4 inhibition also increased prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) expression and blocked H/R-induced increases in HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Pretreatment with DMOG, a specific competitive PHD inhibitor, upregulated HIF-1α and VEGF expression and significantly reversed Nox4 knockdown-induced injury. However, Nox2 was scarcely expressed and played a minimal role in CMEC survival and angiogenesis after H/R, though a modest upregulation of Nox2 was observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a previously unrecognized protective role of Nox4, a ROS-generating enzyme and the major Nox isoform in CMECs, against H/R injury by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting migration and angiogenesis via a PHD2-dependent upregulation of HIF-1/VEGF proangiogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Zhibo Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiujun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Qiao Y, Zhang PJ, Lu XT, Sun WW, Liu GL, Ren M, Yan L, Zhang JD. Panax notoginseng saponins inhibits atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit 4 expression. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:259-65. [PMID: 24599820 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), an effective component extracted from Panax notoginseng, on atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE-KO) mice fed with high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. METHODS Twenty ApoE-KO mice were divided into two groups, the model group and the PNS group. Ten normal C57BL/6J mice were used as a control group. PNS (60 mg/kg) was orally administered daily for 12 weeks in the PNS group. The ratio of plaque area to vessel area was examined by histological staining. The tissue sample of aortic root was used to detect the CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression areas by immunohistochemistry. The expression of VEGF and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit 4 (NOX4) were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively. RESULTS After treatment with PNS, the plaque areas were decreased (P<0.05). CD34 expressing areas and VEGF expression areas in plaques were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, VEGF and NOX4 mRNA expression were decreased after treatment with PNS. VEGF and NOX4 protein expression were also decreased by about 72% and 63%, respectively (P<0.01). CONCLUSION PNS, which decreases VEGF and NOX4 expression, could alleviate plaque angiogenesis and attenuate atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
117
|
Edderkaoui M, Nitsche C, Zheng L, Pandol SJ, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS. NADPH oxidase activation in pancreatic cancer cells is mediated through Akt-dependent up-regulation of p22phox. J Biol Chem 2014; 288:36259. [PMID: 24363267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.a113.200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
118
|
Lee J, Sohn I, Do IG, Kim KM, Park SH, Park JO, Park YS, Lim HY, Sohn TS, Bae JM, Choi MG, Lim DH, Min BH, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Kim JJ, Choi DI, Tan IB, Das K, Tan P, Jung SH, Kang WK, Kim S. Nanostring-based multigene assay to predict recurrence for gastric cancer patients after surgery. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90133. [PMID: 24598828 PMCID: PMC3943911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, approximately one-third of stage II gastric cancer (GC) patients developed recurrences. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prognostic algorithm for gastric cancer (GCPS) that can robustly identify high-risk group for recurrence among stage II patients. A multi-step gene expression profiling study was conducted. First, a microarray gene expression profiling of archived paraffin-embedded tumor blocks was used to identify candidate prognostic genes (N=432). Second, a focused gene expression assay including prognostic genes was used to develop a robust clinical assay (GCPS) in stage II patients from the same cohort (N=186). Third, a predefined cut off for the GCPS was validated using an independent stage II cohort (N=216). The GCPS was validated in another set with stage II GC who underwent surgery without adjuvant treatment (N=300). GCPS was developed by summing the product of Cox regression coefficients and normalized expression levels of 8 genes (LAMP5, CDC25B, CDK1, CLIP4, LTB4R2, MATN3, NOX4, TFDP1). A prospectively defined cut-point for GCPS classified 22.7% of validation cohort treated with chemoradiotherapy (N=216) as high-risk group with 5-year recurrence rate of 58.6% compared to 85.4% in the low risk group (hazard ratio for recurrence=3.16, p=0.00004). GCPS also identified high-risk group among stage II patients treated with surgery only (hazard ratio=1.77, p=0.0053).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Gu Do
- Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Moon Bae
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Gew Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Lee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Poong Lyul Rhee
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae J. Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Il Choi
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iain Beehuat Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kakoli Das
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Ho Jung
- Samsung Cancer Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Li XW, Hao W, Liu Y, Yang JR. [Effect of sequoyitol on expression of NOX4 and eNOS in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2014; 49:329-336. [PMID: 24961103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of sequoyitol (Seq) on expression of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas of type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic rats induced by high fat and high sugar diet and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg x kg(-1)) and were administered Seq (12.5, 25 and 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 6 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight were tested. Acetylcholine (Ach) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced endothelium-independent relaxation were measured in aortas for estimating endothelial function. Aortic morphological change was observed with HE staining. The level of serum insulin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in aortas were determined according to the manufacturer's instructions. In addition, the expressions of eNOS and NOX4 in aortas were measured by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR or Western blotting. The results showed that Seq significantly decreased FBG and insulin resistance, and improved aortic endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation function. The expressions of NOX4 and MDA content were obviously decreased, while the expression of eNOS, the levels of NO and T-AOC increased significantly in aortas of diabetic rats with Seq treatment. In conclusion, Seq protects against aortic endothelial dysfunction of type 2 diabetic rats through down-regulating expression of NOX4 and up-regulating eNOS expression.
Collapse
|
120
|
Li XW, Hao W, Liu Y, Yang JR. [Effect of sequoyitol on expression of NOX4 and eNOS induced with glucose in human umbilical vein endothelial cells]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:147-152. [PMID: 25016868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sequoyitol (Sep) on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury. METHODS HUVECs were cultured with high glucose (30 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of sequoyitol (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/L) for 24 h. Cell proliferation was measured by BrdU marking and cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate was used to evaluate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The NO, malonydialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels were determined by colorimetric method according to the manufacturer's instructions. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS In the present study, we found that sequoyitol pretreatment for 1 h significantly decreased cell injury, promoted cell proliferation. Meanwhile sequoyitol significantly down-regulated NOX4 expression and decreased the level of ROS, MDA and H2O2 and obviously increased NO levels and up-regulated eNOS expression. CONCLUSION Sequoyitol alleviates high glucose-induced cell injuries in HUVECs via inhibiting oxidative stress and up-regulating eNOS expression.
Collapse
|
121
|
Netti GS, Prattichizzo C, Montemurno E, Simone S, Cafiero C, Rascio F, Stallone G, Ranieri E, Grandaliano G, Gesualdo L. Exposure to low- vs iso-osmolar contrast agents reduces NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species generation in a cellular model of renal injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:35-42. [PMID: 24300339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy represents the third cause of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. This study investigated the effects of low- vs iso-osmolar contrast medium (CM) exposure on NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by tubular cells. X-ray attenuation of iohexol, iopamidol, and iodixanol was assessed at equimolar iodine concentrations and their effects on human renal proximal tubular cells (PTCs) were evaluated with equally attenuating solutions of each CM. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis were investigated by trypan blue exclusion, MTT assay, and annexin V/propidium iodide assay, respectively. ROS production was assessed by DCF assay, NADPH oxidase activity by the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method, and Nox4 expression by immunoblot. Yielding the same X-ray attenuation, CM cytotoxicity was assessed in PTCs at equimolar iodine concentrations. More necrosis was present after incubation with iohexol and iopamidol than after incubation with equal concentrations of iodixanol. Iohexol and iodixanol at low iodine concentrations induced less cytotoxicity than iopamidol. Moreover, both iohexol and iopamidol induced more apoptosis than iodixanol, with a dose-dependent effect. ROS generation was significantly higher with iopamidol and iohexol compared to iodixanol. NADPH oxidase activity and Nox4 protein expression significantly increased after exposure to iopamidol and iohexol, with a dose-dependent effect, compared with iodixanol. CM-induced Nox4 expression and activity depended upon Src activation. In conclusion, at angiographic concentrations, iodixanol induces fewer cytotoxic effects on cultured tubular cells than iohexol and iopamidol along with a lower induction of Nox4-dependent ROS generation. This enzyme may, thus, represent a potential therapeutic target to prevent iodinated CM-related oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Clelia Prattichizzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Eustacchio Montemurno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Simona Simone
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Nephrology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Cesira Cafiero
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Nephrology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Federica Rascio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grandaliano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Nephrology, University of Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Nephrology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari 70124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Zambrano S, Blanca AJ, Ruiz-Armenta MV, Miguel-Carrasco JL, Arévalo M, Mate A, Vázquez CM. L-carnitine attenuates the development of kidney fibrosis in hypertensive rats by upregulating PPAR-γ. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:460-70. [PMID: 24413708 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of renal fibrosis is a consequence of arterial hypertension. L-carnitine plays an essential role in the β-oxidation of fatty acids, and we have previously demonstrated hypotensive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of L-carnitine in arterial hypertension. This work aims to analyze the effect of L-carnitine on renal fibrosis and to explore the participation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in this effect. METHODS Four groups or rats were used: control, treated with L-carnitine, treated with L-NAME, and treated with L-carnitine + L-NAME. Cultured rat kidney cells were also used to examine the role of PPAR-γ in L-carnitine effect. RESULTS An increase in the expression of collagen, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Nox2, and Nox4 was found in the kidney of L-NAME-treated rats. Hypertensive rats presented with an expansion of renal fibrotic areas, which was also accompanied by overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. A reduction in the expression of PPAR-γ and in that of anti-inflammatory IL-10 was found in the kidney of these rats. Simultaneous treatment with L-carnitine attenuated the renal fibrosis (which correlated with a reduction of plasma TGF-β1 levels) and the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory status reported in L-NAME groups, with a concomitant increase in the expression of PPAR-γ. Furthermore, the antifibrotic effect of L-carnitine could be blocked by PPAR-γ inhibition. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the efficacy of L-carnitine against hypertension-associated renal fibrosis from in vivo and in vitro studies and suggests that the L-carnitine effect occurs in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zambrano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Othman EM, Hintzsche H, Stopper H. Signaling steps in the induction of genomic damage by insulin in colon and kidney cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 68:247-57. [PMID: 24355212 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease with almost 350 million people affected worldwide, will be the seventh leading cause of death by 2030. Diabetic patients develop various types of complications, among them an increased rate of malignancies. Studies reported the strong correlation between DM and several cancer types, of which colon and kidney cancers are the most common. Hyperinsulinemia, the high insulin blood level characteristic of early diabetes type 2, was identified as a risk factor for cancer development. In previous studies, we showed that an elevated insulin level can induce oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage in colon cells in vitro and in kidney cells in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we elucidate the signaling pathway of insulin-mediated genotoxicity, which is effective through oxidative stress induction in colon and kidney. The signaling mechanism is starting by phosphorylation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors, followed by activation of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which in turn activates AKT. Subsequently, mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) isoforms (Nox1 and Nox4 in colon and kidney, respectively) are activated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the resulting excess ROS can attack the DNA, causing DNA oxidation. We conclude that hyperinsulinemia represents an important risk factor for cancer initiation or progression as well as a target for cancer prevention in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Othman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of El-Minia, 61519 El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Henning Hintzsche
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Wuerzburg, D-97078 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Goettsch C, Babelova A, Trummer O, Erben RG, Rauner M, Rammelt S, Weissmann N, Weinberger V, Benkhoff S, Kampschulte M, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Hofbauer LC, Brandes RP, Schröder K. NADPH oxidase 4 limits bone mass by promoting osteoclastogenesis. J Clin Invest 2014; 123:4731-8. [PMID: 24216508 DOI: 10.1172/jci67603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS are implicated in bone diseases. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a constitutively active enzymatic source of ROS, may contribute to the development of such disorders. Therefore, we studied the role of NOX4 in bone homeostasis. Nox4(-/-) mice displayed higher bone density and reduced numbers and markers of osteoclasts. Ex vivo, differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts with RANKL and M-CSF induced Nox4 expression. Loss of NOX4 activity attenuated osteoclastogenesis, which was accompanied by impaired activation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 and c-JUN. In an in vivo model of murine ovariectomy–induced osteoporosis, pharmacological inhibition or acute genetic knockdown of Nox4 mitigated loss of trabecular bone. Human bone obtained from patients with increased osteoclast activity exhibited increased NOX4 expression. Moreover, a SNP of NOX4 was associated with elevated circulating markers of bone turnover and reduced bone density in women. Thus, NOX4 is involved in bone loss and represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
125
|
Sampson N, Berger P, Zenzmaier C. Redox signaling as a therapeutic target to inhibit myofibroblast activation in degenerative fibrotic disease. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:131737. [PMID: 24701562 PMCID: PMC3950649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/131737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Degenerative fibrotic diseases encompass numerous systemic and organ-specific disorders. Despite their associated significant morbidity and mortality, there is currently no effective antifibrotic treatment. Fibrosis is characterized by the development and persistence of myofibroblasts, whose unregulated deposition of extracellular matrix components disrupts signaling cascades and normal tissue architecture leading to organ failure and death. The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is considered the foremost inducer of fibrosis, driving myofibroblast differentiation in diverse tissues. This review summarizes recent in vitro and in vivo data demonstrating that TGF β-induced myofibroblast differentiation is driven by a prooxidant shift in redox homeostasis. Elevated NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) supported by concomitant decreases in nitric oxide (NO) signaling and reactive oxygen species scavengers are central factors in the molecular pathogenesis of fibrosis in numerous tissues and organs. Moreover, complex interplay between NOX4-derived H2O2 and NO signaling regulates myofibroblast differentiation. Restoring redox homeostasis via antioxidants or NOX4 inactivation as well as by enhancing NO signaling via activation of soluble guanylyl cyclases or inhibition of phosphodiesterases can inhibit and reverse myofibroblast differentiation. Thus, dysregulated redox signaling represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of wide variety of different degenerative fibrotic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Berger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Zenzmaier
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
126
|
Mondol AS, Tonks NK, Kamata T. Nox4 redox regulation of PTP1B contributes to the proliferation and migration of glioblastoma cells by modulating tyrosine phosphorylation of coronin-1C. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:285-91. [PMID: 24239742 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a common primary brain tumor in adults and one of the most devastating human cancers. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4 have recently been a focus of attention in the study of glioblastomas, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of Nox4 remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that silencing of Nox4 expression by Nox4-targeted siRNA suppressed cell growth and motility of glioblastoma U87 cells, indicating the involvement of Nox4. Furthermore, Nox4-derived ROS oxidized and inactivated protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP):1B: PTP1B in its active form downregulates cell proliferation and migration. By affinity purification with the substrate-trapping mutant of PTP1B, tyrosine-phosphorylated coronin-1C was identified as a substrate of PTP1B. Its tyrosine phosphorylation level was suppressed by Nox4 inhibition, suggesting that tyrosine phosphorylation of coronin-1C is regulated by the Nox4-PTP1B pathway. Finally, ablation of coronin-1C attenuated the proliferative and migratory activity of the cells. Collectively, these findings reveal that Nox4-mediated redox regulation of PTP1B serves as a modulator, in part through coronin-1C, of the growth and migration of glioblastoma cells, and provide new insight into the mechanistic aspect of glioblastoma malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdus S Mondol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan 390-8621
| | - Nicholas K Tonks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Tohru Kamata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan 390-8621.
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Féraille E, Dizin E, Roth I, Derouette JP, Szanto I, Martin PY, de Seigneux S, Hasler U. NADPH oxidase 4 deficiency reduces aquaporin-2 mRNA expression in cultured renal collecting duct principal cells via increased PDE3 and PDE4 activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87239. [PMID: 24466344 PMCID: PMC3900718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The final control of renal water reabsorption occurs in the collecting duct (CD) and relies on regulated expression of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in principal CD cells. AQP2 transcription is primarily induced by type 2 vasopressin receptor (V2R)-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling but also by other factors, including TonEBP and NF-κB. NAPDH oxidase 4 (NOX4) represents a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney. Because NOX-derived ROS may alter PKA, TonEBP and NF-κB activity, we examined the effects of NOX4 depletion on AQP2 expression. Depleted NOX4 expression by siRNA (siNOX4) in mpkCCDcl4 cells attenuated increased AQP2 mRNA expression by arginine vasopressin (AVP) but not by hypertonicity, which induces both TonEBP and NF-κB activity. AVP-induced AQP2 expression was similarly decreased by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. siNOX4 altered neither TonEBP nor NF-κB activity but attenuated AVP-inducible cellular cAMP concentration, PKA activity and CREB phosphorylation as well as AQP2 mRNA expression induced by forskolin, a potent activator of adenylate cyclase. The repressive effect of siNOX4 on AVP-induced AQP2 mRNA expression was abolished by the non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and was significantly decreased by selective PDE antagonists cilostamide and rolipram, but not vinpocetine, which respectively target PDE3, PDE4 and PDE1. Thus, by inhibiting PDE3 and PDE4 activity NOX4-derived ROS may contribute to V2R-cAMP-PKA signaling and enhance AQP2 transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Féraille
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dizin
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Roth
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Derouette
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Hypertension and Nutrition, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie de Seigneux
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Udo Hasler
- Departments of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
128
|
Yan F, Wang Y, Wu X, Peshavariya HM, Dusting GJ, Zhang M, Jiang F. Nox4 and redox signaling mediate TGF-β-induced endothelial cell apoptosis and phenotypic switch. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1010. [PMID: 24457954 PMCID: PMC4040700 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) triggers apoptosis in endothelial cells, while the mechanisms underlying this action are not entirely understood. Using genetic and pharmacological tools, we demonstrated that TGF-β induced a moderate apoptotic response in human cultured endothelial cells, which was dependent upon upregulation of the Nox4 NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, we showed that ectopic expression of Nox4 via viral vectors (vNox4) produced an antiapoptotic effect. TGF-β caused ROS-dependent p38 activation, whereas inhibition of p38 blunted TGF-β-induced apoptosis. However, vNox4, but not TGF-β, activated Akt, and inhibition of Akt attenuated the antiapoptotic effect of vNox4. Akt activation induced by vNox4 was accompanied by inactivation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) function and enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 phosphorylation. Moreover, we showed that TGF-β enhanced Notch signaling and increased expression of the arterial marker EphrinB2 in a redox-dependent manner. In summary, our results suggest that Nox4 and ROS have pivotal roles in mediating TGF-β-induced endothelial apoptosis and phenotype specification. Redox mechanisms may influence endothelial cell functions by modulating p38, PTP1B/VEGFR/Akt and Notch signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - X Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - H M Peshavariya
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G J Dusting
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - F Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
129
|
Ullevig SL, Kim HS, Nguyen HN, Hambright WS, Robles AJ, Tavakoli S, Asmis R. Ursolic acid protects monocytes against metabolic stress-induced priming and dysfunction by preventing the induction of Nox4. Redox Biol 2014; 2:259-66. [PMID: 24494201 PMCID: PMC3909821 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Dietary supplementation with ursolic acid (UA) prevents monocyte dysfunction in diabetic mice and protects mice against atherosclerosis and loss of renal function. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism by which UA prevents monocyte dysfunction induced by metabolic stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Metabolic stress sensitizes or "primes" human THP-1 monocytes and murine peritoneal macrophages to the chemoattractant MCP-1, converting these cells into a hyper-chemotactic phenotype. UA protected THP-1 monocytes and peritoneal macrophages against metabolic priming and prevented their hyper-reactivity to MCP-1. UA blocked the metabolic stress-induced increase in global protein-S-glutathionylation, a measure of cellular thiol oxidative stress, and normalized actin-S-glutathionylation. UA also restored MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP1) protein expression and phosphatase activity, decreased by metabolic priming, and normalized p38 MAPK activation. Neither metabolic stress nor UA supplementation altered mRNA or protein levels of glutaredoxin-1, the principal enzyme responsible for the reduction of mixed disulfides between glutathione and protein thiols in these cells. However, the induction of Nox4 by metabolic stress, required for metabolic priming, was inhibited by UA in both THP-1 monocytes and peritoneal macrophages. CONCLUSION UA protects THP-1 monocytes against dysfunction by suppressing metabolic stress-induced Nox4 expression, thereby preventing the Nox4-dependent dysregulation of redox-sensitive processes, including actin turnover and MAPK-signaling, two key processes that control monocyte migration and adhesion. This study provides a novel mechanism for the anti-inflammatory and athero- and renoprotective properties of UA and suggests that dysfunctional blood monocytes may be primary targets of UA and related compounds.
Collapse
Key Words
- Atherosclerosis
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Grx, glutaredoxin
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HG, high d-glucose
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
- MKP-1, MAPK phosphatase-1
- Monocyte
- Nox4
- Nox4, NADPH oxidase 4
- OA, oleanolic acid
- PSSG, protein–glutathione mixed disulfide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- S-glutathionylation
- UA, ursolic acid
- Ursolic acid
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Ullevig
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, United States
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Huynh Nga Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - William S. Hambright
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Andrew J. Robles
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Sina Tavakoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
130
|
Cai WX, Liang L, Wang L, Han JT, Zhu XX, Han H, Hu DH, Zhang P. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to increased intracellular ROS by up-regulating Nox4 expression in primary HUVECs. Cell Immunol 2014; 287:129-35. [PMID: 24491913 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The essential roles of Notch pathway in angiogenesis have been reported for years. However, how Notch pathway plays its role in regulating endothelial cells remains largely unknown. In this study we found that blockade of Notch signaling with a γ-secretase inhibitor increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under both normaxic and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) conditions. Abruption of ROS generation with ROS scavengers or specific inhibitors of ROS production in HUVECs abolished Notch blockade-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration and adhesion, suggesting that the regulation of Notch pathway on endothelial cell behavior is at least partially dependent on its down-regulation of ROS level. We further showed that the enhanced generation of ROS after blocking Notch signal was accompanied by augmented expression of Nox4, which led to increased phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and ERK in HUVECs. In summary, our results have shown that Notch signaling regulates ROS generation by suppressing Nox4, and further modulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Xia Cai
- Department of Burns and Cutanous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jun-Tao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutanous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiong-Xiang Zhu
- Department of Burns and Cutanous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutanous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Przybylska D, Mosieniak G. [The role of NADPH oxidase NOX4 in regulation of proliferation, senescence and differentiation of the cells]. Postepy Biochem 2014; 60:69-76. [PMID: 25033544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase NOX4 is a source of reactive oxygen species in many tissue of human body. NOX4 products of activity are connected with various processes that take on the cellular and tissue level. One of them is cellular senescence. The role of this oxidase in the regulation of replicative and oncogene-induced senescence was shown in both normal and cancer cells. On the other hand NOX4 also stimulates to proliferation various types of cancer and primary cells, what promotes pathologies. NOX4 participates in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, important for tumor cells invasion and metastasis. Many research concern the role of NOX4 in the physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system. It was shown that NOX4 has an impact on vasoconstriction, atherosclerosis development, vascular cells hypertrophy, apoptosis and differentiation. NOX4 plays both positive and negative role in the organism. Better understanding of NOX4 regulation and its involvement in signaling pathways give a hope to control the development of many diseases.
Collapse
|
132
|
Gil Lorenzo AF, Bocanegra V, Benardon ME, Cacciamani V, Vallés PG. Hsp70 regulation on Nox4/p22phox and cytoskeletal integrity as an effect of losartan in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:115-34. [PMID: 23761196 PMCID: PMC3857436 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of signaling cascades are activated after angiotensin II binds to angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R), a peptide that is an important mediator of oxidative stress. Hsp70 regulates a diverse set of signaling pathways through interactions with proteins. Here, we tested the hypothesis of angiotensin II AT1R inhibition effect on Hsp70 interaction with Nox4/p22phox complex and Hsp70 leading to actin cytoskeleton modulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). SHR and Wistar-Kyotto rats (VSMCs from 8 to 10 weeks) were stimulated with angiotensin II (100 nmol/L) for 15 min (AII), treated with losartan (100 nmol/L) for 90 min (L), and with losartan for 90 min plus angiotensin in the last 15 min (L + AII). Whereas SHR VSMCs exposure to angiotensin II overexpressed AT1R and Nox4 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and slightly downregulated caveolin-1 expression, losartan decreased AT1R protein levels and increased caveolin-1 and Hsp70 expression in SHR VSMC membranes. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy proved interaction and colocalization of membrane translocated Hsp70 and Nox4/p22phox. Increased levels of Hsp70 contrast with the decreased immunoprecipitation of Nox4/p22phox and RhoA in membranes from SHR VSMCs (L) vs SHR VSMCs (AII). Hsp72 depletion resulted in higher Nox4 expression and increased NADPH oxidase activity in VSMCs (L + AII) from SHR when contrasted with nontransfected VSMCs (L + AII). After Hsp72 knockdown in SHR VSMCs, losartan could not impair angiotensin II-enhanced stress fiber formation and focal adhesion assembly. In conclusion, our data showing a negative regulation of Hsp70 on Nox4/p22phox demonstrates a possible mechanism in explaining the antioxidative function joined to cytoskeletal integrity modulation within the effects of losartan in VSMCs from SHR.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeleton/drug effects
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NADPH Oxidase 4
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/chemistry
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Bocanegra
- />IMBECU-CONICET (National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Benardon
- />Área de Fisiología Patológica, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Valeria Cacciamani
- />Área de Fisiología Patológica, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia G. Vallés
- />IMBECU-CONICET (National Council of Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina), Mendoza, Argentina
- />Área de Fisiología Patológica, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Centro Universitario, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
133
|
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (1), salvianolic acid B (2), and tanshinone IIA (3) are commonly used as chemoprotective agents for chemotherapy in cancer patients. The present study deals with the effect of these three compounds on cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. The results showed that 1 and 2 reduced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin through scavenging ROS generated by doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that 1 and 2 could enhance the expression of SOD and decrease that of NADPH oxidase, which resulted in the elimination of ROS. On the contrary, 3 enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, drug interactions between doxorubicin and 3 produce synergistic effects in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Kan
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Man Cheung
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yanling Zhou
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Shing Ho
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
134
|
Liu Q, Li H, Wang N, Chen H, Jin Q, Zhang R, Wang J, Chen Y. Polymorphism of rs1836882 in NOX4 gene modifies associations between dietary caloric intake and ROS levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85660. [PMID: 24392026 PMCID: PMC3877383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive caloric intake is a contributing risk factor for human metabolic disorders. Caloric restriction may prolong a person's life by lowering the incidence of deadly diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been associated with the biochemical basis of the relationship between caloric intake and pathophysiologic processes. Polymorphisms associated with ROS generation genes are being increasingly implicated in inter-individual responses to daily caloric intake alterations. In the current study, a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs1836882, in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) gene's promoter region was found to modulate associations between dietary caloric intake and ROS levels in PBMC. Based on rs1836882, 656 Chinese Han participants were classified into CC, CT and TT genotypes. ROS levels in PBMC were significantly higher in the CC or CT genotypes compared with the TT genotype with the same increases in daily caloric intake. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, NOX4 promoter region with rs1836882 (T) was observed to have a higher affinity for hepatocyte nuclear factor gamma (HNF3γ) protein than rs1836882 (C). HNF3γ protein over-expression decreased NOX4 gene transcriptional activity in the TT genotype more than in the CC genotype (5.68% vs. 2.12%, P<0.05) in a dual luciferase reporter assay. By silencing the NOX4 gene using small interfering RNA or over-expressing HNF3γ using an expression plasmid, serum from high dietary caloric intake participants decreased ROS levels in PBMC of the TT genotype more than in the CC or CT genotype via HNF3γ down-regulating the NOX4 gene expression signaling pathway. This is the first study to report on the functions of phenotypes of rs1836882 in the NOX4 gene, and it suggests rs1836882 as a candidate gene for interpreting inter-individual ROS levels differences in PBMC induced by alterations in daily caloric intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningfu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Hangzhou Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huaihong Chen
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qihui Jin
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gerontology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
135
|
Wang C, Blough ER, Arvapalli R, Dai X, Paturi S, Manne N, Addagarla H, Triest WE, Olajide O, Wu M. Metabolic syndrome-induced tubulointerstitial injury: role of oxidative stress and preventive effects of acetaminophen. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1417-1426. [PMID: 24140865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome persistently increases and affects over 30% of U.S. adults. To study how metabolic syndrome may induce tubulointerstitial injury and whether acetaminophen has renal-protective properties, 4-week-old obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into three groups, control (OC), vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide (OV), and acetaminophen treatment (30 mg/kg/day for 26 weeks), and lean Zucker rats served as healthy controls. Significant tubulointerstitial injuries were observed in both OC and OV animals, evidenced by increased tubular cell death, tubular atrophy/dilation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. These tubulointerstitial alterations were significantly reduced by treatment with a chronic but low dose of acetaminophen, which acted to diminish NADPH oxidase isoforms Nox2 and Nox4 and decrease tubulointerstitial oxidative stress (reduced tissue superoxide and macromolecular oxidation). Decreased oxidative stress by acetaminophen was paralleled by the reduction of tubular proapoptotic signaling (diminished Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase 3 activation) and the alleviation of tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (decreased transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, α-smooth muscle actin, and laminin). These data suggest that increased oxidative stress plays a critical role in mediating metabolic syndrome-induced tubulointerstitial injury and provide the first evidence suggesting that acetaminophen may be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of tubulointerstitial injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuifen Wang
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Eric R Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| | - Ravikumar Arvapalli
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Satyanarayana Paturi
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Nandini Manne
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Hari Addagarla
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - William E Triest
- Huntington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Huntington, WV 25704, USA
| | - Omolola Olajide
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Anea CB, Zhang M, Chen F, Ali MI, Hart CMM, Stepp DW, Kovalenkov YO, Merloiu AM, Pati P, Fulton D, Rudic RD. Circadian clock control of Nox4 and reactive oxygen species in the vasculature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78626. [PMID: 24205282 PMCID: PMC3808297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that circadian clock disruption is associated with pathological remodeling in the arterial structure and vascular stiffness. Moreover, chronic circadian disruption is associated with dysfunction in endothelial responses and signaling. Reactive oxygen species have emerged as key regulators in vascular pathology. Previously, we have demonstrated that circadian clock dysfunction exacerbates superoxide production through eNOS uncoupling. To date, the impact of circadian clock mutation on vascular NADPH oxidase expression and function is not known. The goal in the current study was to determine if the circadian clock controls vascular Nox4 expression and hydrogen peroxide formation in arteries, particularly in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. In aorta, there was an increase in hydrogen peroxide and Nox4 expression in mice with a dysfunctional circadian rhythm (Bmal1-KO mice). In addition, the Nox4 gene promoter is activated by the core circadian transcription factors. Lastly, in synchronized cultured human endothelial cells, Nox4 gene expression exhibited rhythmic oscillations. These data reveal that the circadian clock plays an important role in the control of Nox4 and disruption of the clock leads to subsequent production of reaction oxygen species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian B. Anea
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Maoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feng Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - M. Irfan Ali
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Michael M. Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David W. Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yevgeniy O. Kovalenkov
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana-Maria Merloiu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
137
|
Lu X, Bijli KM, Ramirez A, Murphy TC, Kleinhenz J, Hart CM. Hypoxia downregulates PPARγ via an ERK1/2-NF-κB-Nox4-dependent mechanism in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:151-60. [PMID: 23684777 PMCID: PMC3729594 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ligand-activated transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammation. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with reduced PPARγ expression, and hypoxia exposure regimens that cause PH reduce PPARγ expression. This study examines mechanisms of hypoxia-induced PPARγ downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Hypoxia reduced PPARγ mRNA and protein levels, PPARγ activity, and the expression of PPARγ-regulated genes in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) exposed to 1% oxygen for 72 h. Similarly, exposure of mice to hypoxia (10% O₂) for 3 weeks reduced PPARγ mRNA and protein in mouse lung. Inhibiting ERK1/2 with PD98059 or treatment with siRNA directed against either NF-κB p65 or Nox4 attenuated hypoxic reductions in PPARγ expression and activity. Furthermore, degradation of H₂O₂ using PEG-catalase prevented hypoxia-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Nox4 expression, suggesting sustained ERK1/2-mediated signaling and Nox4 expression in this response. Mammalian two-hybrid assays demonstrated that PPARγ and p65 bind directly to each other in a mutually repressive fashion. We conclude from these results that hypoxic regimens that promote PH pathogenesis and HPASMC proliferation reduce PPARγ expression and activity through ERK1/2-, p65-, and Nox4-dependent pathways. These findings provide novel insights into mechanisms by which pathophysiological stimuli such as hypoxia cause loss of PPARγ activity and pulmonary vascular cell proliferation, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and PH. These results also indicate that restoration of PPARγ activity with pharmacological ligands may provide a novel therapeutic approach in selected forms of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianghuai Lu
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
138
|
Hiraga R, Kato M, Miyagawa S, Kamata T. Nox4-derived ROS signaling contributes to TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:4431-4438. [PMID: 24123012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this study, we investigated how NADPH oxidase (Nox) 4-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate TGF-β-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pancreatic cancer cells were transfected with Nox4 siRNAs or PTP1B mutants and subjected to TGF-β-induced EMT assay. Expression of Nox4, TGF-β, and N-cadherin was immunohistochemically-examined with patient tumor samples. RESULTS Treatment of pancreatic cancer cells with TGF-β induced Nox4 expression, indicating that Nox4 represents a major source for ROS production. The Nox4 inhibitor diphenylene iodonium and Nox4 siRNAs blocked TGF-β-induced EMT phenotype including morphological changes, augmented migration, and altered expression of E-cadherin and Snail. Furthermore, PTP1B as a redox-sensor for Nox4-derived ROS participated in TGF-β-promoted EMT. Nox4, TGF-β, and N-cadherin were up-regulated in tumors from pancreatic cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Nox4-derived ROS, at least in part, transmit TGF-β-triggered EMT signals through PTP1B in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risako Hiraga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Roehlecke C, Schumann U, Ader M, Brunssen C, Bramke S, Morawietz H, Funk RHW. Stress reaction in outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71570. [PMID: 24039718 PMCID: PMC3770596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The retina is prone to oxidative stress from many factors which are also involved in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases. In this study, we used the application of blue light as a physiological stress factor. The aim of this study was to identify the major source of intracellular ROS that mediates blue light-induced detrimental effects on cells which may lead to cytotoxicity. We hypothesized that outer segments are the major source of blue light induced ROS generation. In photoreceptors, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) enzymes and the recently found respiratory chain complexes may represent a major source for reactive oxygen species (ROS), beside mitochondria and chromophores. Therefore, we investigated this hypothesis and analysed the exact localization of the ROS source in photoreceptors in an organotypic culture system for mouse retinas. Whole eyeball cultures were irradiated with visible blue light (405 nm) with an output power of 1 mW/cm2. Blue light impingement lead to an increase of ROS production (detected by H2DCFDA in live retinal explants), which was particularly strong in the photoreceptor outer segments. Nox-2 and Nox-4 proteins are sources of ROS in blue light irradiated photoreceptors; the Nox inhibitor apocynin decreased ROS stimulated by blue light. Concomitantly, enzyme SOD-1, a member of the antioxidant defense system, indicator molecules of protein oxidation (CML) and lipid oxidation (MDA and 4-HNE) were also increased in the outer segments. Interestingly, outer segments showed a mitochondrial-like membrane potential which was demonstrated using two dyes (JC-1 and TMRE) normally exclusively associated with mitochondria. As in mitochondria, these dyes indicated a decrease of the membrane potential in hypoxic states or cell stress situations. The present study demonstrates that ROS generation and oxidative stress occurs directly in the outer segments of photoreceptors after blue light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cora Roehlecke
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ulrike Schumann
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marius Ader
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Coy Brunssen
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Silvia Bramke
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Henning Morawietz
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard H. W. Funk
- Institute of Anatomy, Technische Universität (TU) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD) DFG – Cluster of Excellence, Biotechnology Center, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
Ni J, Dong Z, Han W, Kondrikov D, Su Y. The role of RhoA and cytoskeleton in myofibroblast transformation in hyperoxic lung fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:26-39. [PMID: 23517783 PMCID: PMC3849210 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblast transformation is a key process in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. We have previously reported that hyperoxia induces RhoA activation in HFL-1 lung fibroblasts and RhoA mediates collagen synthesis in hyperoxic lung fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of RhoA and actin cytoskeleton in hyperoxia-induced myofibroblast transformation. Exposure of HFL-1 lung fibroblasts to hyperoxia stimulated actin filament formation, shift of G-actin to F-actin, nuclear colocalization of myocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A), recruitment of MRTF-A to the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) gene promoter, myofibroblast transformation, and collagen-I synthesis. Inhibition of RhoA by C3 transferase CT-04 or dominant-negative RhoA mutant T19N, and inhibition of ROCK by Y27632, prevented myofibroblast transformation and collagen-I synthesis. Moreover, inhibition of RhoA by CT-04 prevented hyperoxia-induced actin filament formation, shift of G-actin to F-actin, and nuclear colocalization of MRTF-A. In addition, disrupting actin filaments with cytochalasin D or scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) with tiron attenuated actin filament formation, nuclear colocalization of MRTF-A, myofibroblast transformation, and collagen-I synthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of constitutively active RhoA mutant Q63L or stabilization of actin filaments recapitulated the effects of hyperoxia on the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear colocalization of MRTF-A, myofibroblast transformation, and collagen-I synthesis. Interestingly, knocking down MRTF-A prevented hyperoxia-induced increase in the recruitment of MRTF-A to the serum response factor transcriptional complex on the α-SMA gene promoter, myofibroblast transformation, and collagen-I synthesis. Finally, Y27632 and tiron attenuated hyperoxia-induced increases in α-SMA and collagen-I in mouse lungs. Together, these results indicate that the actin cytoskeletal reorganization due to the ROS/RhoA-ROCK pathway mediates myofibroblast transformation and collagen synthesis in lung fibrosis of oxygen toxicity. MRTF-A contributes to the regulatory effect of the actin cytoskeleton on myofibroblast transformation during hyperoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China; The People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Weihong Han
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
141
|
Dick AS, Ivanovska J, Kantores C, Belcastro R, Keith Tanswell A, Jankov RP. Cyclic stretch stimulates nitric oxide synthase-1-dependent peroxynitrite formation by neonatal rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:310-9. [PMID: 23619128 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite, the reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide, contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary hypertension in immature animals by stimulating proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Pulmonary vasoconstriction, secondary to hypoxia and other stimuli, leads to enhanced pulsatile stretch of cells in the vascular wall, particularly in smooth muscle, which we hypothesized would cause increased peroxynitrite generation. Our objectives in this study were to determine whether cyclic mechanical stretch, at supraphysiologic levels, would cause increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite in vitro. Early passage neonatal rat PASMCs were seeded and grown to subconfluence on collagen-coated elastomer-bottom plates and subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch (10% ("physiologic") or 20% ("supraphysiologic") at 0.5 Hz) for up to 24 h. Compared to nonstretched controls and to cells subjected to 10% stretch, 20% stretch increased H2O2 (stable marker of ROS) and nitrate/nitrite (stable marker of nitric oxide) in conditioned medium. These effects were accompanied by increased peroxynitrite, as evidenced by increased in situ dihydroethidium fluorescence and immunoreactive nitrotyrosine and by increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-1 and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), but not NOS-2. Stretch-induced H2O2 release and increased dihydroethidium fluorescence were prevented by pretreatment with a superoxide scavenger, nonspecific inhibitors of NADPH oxidase or NOS, or a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst. Short-interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of NOS-1 or NOX4 attenuated increased nitric oxide and H2O2 content, respectively, in stretched-cell-conditioned medium. Knockdown of NOS-1 also attenuated increased immunoreactive nitrotyrosine content and stretch-induced proliferation, whereas knockdown of NOS-2 had no effect. We conclude that increased peroxynitrite generation by neonatal rat PASMCs subjected to supraphysiologic levels of cyclic stretch is NOS-1-dependent and that increased ROS production is predominantly mediated by NADPH oxidase, specifically NOX4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Dick
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Julijana Ivanovska
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Crystal Kantores
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - Rosetta Belcastro
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8
| | - A Keith Tanswell
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Physiology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Robert P Jankov
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine Program, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; Department of Physiology, Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; Division of Neonatology, Department of Paediatrics, and Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8.
| |
Collapse
|
142
|
Eid AA, Ford BM, Bhandary B, de Cassia Cavaglieri R, Block K, Barnes JL, Gorin Y, Choudhury GG, Abboud HE. Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates Nox4-mediated podocyte depletion in diabetic renal injury. Diabetes 2013; 62:2935-47. [PMID: 23557706 PMCID: PMC3717863 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis is a critical mechanism for excessive loss of urinary albumin that eventuates in kidney fibrosis. Pharmacological doses of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin reduce albuminuria in diabetes. We explored the hypothesis that mTOR mediates podocyte injury in diabetes. High glucose (HG) induces apoptosis of podocytes, inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, inactivates tuberin, and activates mTOR. HG also increases the levels of Nox4 and Nox1 and NADPH oxidase activity. Inhibition of mTOR by low-dose rapamycin decreases HG-induced Nox4 and Nox1, NADPH oxidase activity, and podocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of mTOR had no effect on AMPK or tuberin phosphorylation, indicating that mTOR is downstream of these signaling molecules. In isolated glomeruli of OVE26 mice, there is a similar decrease in the activation of AMPK and tuberin and activation of mTOR with increase in Nox4 and NADPH oxidase activity. Inhibition of mTOR by a small dose of rapamycin reduces podocyte apoptosis and attenuates glomerular injury and albuminuria. Our data provide evidence for a novel function of mTOR in Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species generation and podocyte apoptosis that contributes to urinary albumin excretion in type 1 diabetes. Thus, mTOR and/or NADPH oxidase inhibition may represent a therapeutic modality of diabetic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaad A Eid
- Department of Medicine, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
Hajas G, Bacsi A, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Hegde ML, Tapas KH, Sur S, Radak Z, Ba X, Boldogh I. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 links DNA repair to cellular signaling via the activation of the small GTPase Rac1. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:384-94. [PMID: 23612479 PMCID: PMC3795866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most abundant DNA base lesions induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Accumulation of 8-oxoG in the mammalian genome is considered a marker of oxidative stress, to be causally linked to inflammation, and is thought to contribute to aging processes and various aging-related diseases. Unexpectedly, mice that lack 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) activity and accumulate 8-oxoG in their genome have a normal phenotype and longevity; in fact, they show increased resistance to both inflammation and oxidative stress. OGG1 excises and generates free 8-oxoG base during DNA base-excision repair (BER) processes. In the present study, we report that in the presence of the 8-oxoG base, OGG1 physically interacts with guanine nucleotide-free and GDP-bound Rac1 protein. This interaction results in rapid GDP→GTP, but not GTP→GDP, exchange in vitro. Importantly, a rise in the intracellular 8-oxoG base levels increases the proportion of GTP-bound Rac1. In turn Rac1-GTP mediates an increase in ROS levels via nuclear membrane-associated NADPH oxidase type 4. These results show a novel mechanism by which OGG1 in complex with 8-oxoG is linked to redox signaling and cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyorgy Hajas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Attila Bacsi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - K Hazra Tapas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zsolt Radak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
144
|
Zhao R, Le K, Moghadasian MH, Shen GX. Regulatory role of NADPH oxidase in glycated LDL-induced upregulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and heat shock factor-1 in mouse embryo fibroblasts and diabetic mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:18-25. [PMID: 23511120 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of death in diabetic patients. Fibroblasts are one of the major types of cells in the heart or vascular wall. Increased levels of glycated low-density lipoprotein (glyLDL) were detected in diabetic patients. Previous studies in our group demonstrated that oxidized LDL increased the amounts of NADPH oxidase (NOX), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and heat shock factor-1 (HSF1) in fibroblasts. This study examined the expression of NOX, PAI-1, and HSF1 in glyLDL-treated wild-type or HSF1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and in leptin receptor-knockout (db/db) diabetic mice. Treatment with physiologically relevant levels of glyLDL increased superoxide and H2O2 release and the levels of NOX4 and p22phox (an essential component of multiple NOX complexes) in wild-type or HSF1-deficient MEFs. The levels of HSF1 and PAI-1 were increased by glyLDL in wild-type MEFs, but not in HSF1-deficient MEFs. Diphenyleneiodonium (a nonspecific NOX inhibitor) or small interfering RNA for p22phox prevented glyLDL-induced increases in the levels of NOX4, HSF1, or PAI-1 in MEFs. The amounts of NOX4, HSF1, and PAI-1 were elevated in hearts of db/db diabetic mice compared to wild-type mice. The results suggest that glyLDL increased the abundance of NOX4 or p22phox via an HSF1-independent pathway, but that of PAI-1 via an HSF1-dependent manner. NOX4 plays a crucial role in glyLDL-induced expression of HSF1 and PAI-1 in mouse fibroblasts. Increased expression of NOX4, HSF1, and PAI-1 was detected in cardiovascular tissue of diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruozhi Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada MB R3E 3P4
| | - Khuong Le
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada MB R3E 3P4
| | - Mohammed H Moghadasian
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada MB R3E 3P4
| | - Garry X Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada MB R3E 3P4.
| |
Collapse
|
145
|
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, a complication of diabetes in the kidney. NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are a major source of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic kidney and are critical mediators of redox signaling in glomerular and tubulointerstitial cells exposed to the diabetic milieu. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of the roles of Nox catalytic and regulatory subunits in the processes that control mesangial cell, podocyte, and tubulointerstitial cell injury induced by hyperglycemia and other predominant factors enhanced in the diabetic milieu, including the renin-angiotensin system and transforming growth factor-β. The role of the Nox isoform Nox4 in the redox processes that alter renal biology in diabetes is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gorin
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
| | - Karen Block
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA; Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
146
|
Zhang H, Wang YA, Meng A, Yan H, Wang X, Niu J, Li J, Wang H. Inhibiting TGFβ1 has a protective effect on mouse bone marrow suppression following ionizing radiation exposure in vitro. J Radiat Res 2013; 54:630-636. [PMID: 23370919 PMCID: PMC3709670 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes not only acute tissue damage but also residual bone marrow (BM) suppression. The induction of residual BM injury is primarily attributable to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) pressure in hematopoietic cells. In this study, we examined if SB431542, a transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) inhibitor, can mitigate IR-induced BM suppression in vitro. Our results showed that treatment with SB431542 protected mice bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from IR-induced suppression using cell viability assays, clonogenic assays and competitive repopulation assays. Moreover, expression of gene-related ROS production in hematopoietic cells was analyzed. The expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 was increased in irradiated BMMNCs, and that of NOX2 and NOX4 was reduced by SB431542 treatment. Therefore, the results from this study suggest that SB431542, a TGFβ1 inhibitor, alleviates IR-induced BM suppression at least in part via inhibiting IR-induced NOX2 and NOX4 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying-ai Wang
- Department of Internal medicine, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, China
| | - Aimin Meng
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinzhuo Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingxiu Niu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), No. 238 Baidi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, No.190 Jieyuan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
147
|
Gao L, Huang W, Li J. NOX1 abet mesangial fibrogenesis via iNOS induction in diabetes. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:185-91. [PMID: 23801050 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Both NADPH oxidase (NOX) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are the main sources of reactive oxygen species in kidney. However, their interactions in oxidative stress and contributions to kidney fibrosis during diabetic nephropathy have not been studied. Human mesangial cells were treated with normal glucose (5.6 mmol/L), high glucose (30 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of AGE (200 mg/L). Protein expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and iNOS were examined by immunoblotting. NOX was genetically silenced with specific RNAi to study the interactions between NOX and iNOS in diabetic milieu. Superoxide (O(·-)) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(·-)) productions were assessed by dihydroethidium and hydroxyphenyl fluorescein, respectively. Fibrotic factors were determined by biochemistry assay. Superoxide, peroxynitrite, TGF-β, and fibronectin productions as well as the protein expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and iNOS were increased in the diabetic milieu (high glucose 30 mmol/L plus AGE 200 mg/L). However, abolishment of iNOS induction with 1400W or iNOS RNAi would restore peroxynitrite, TGF-β, and fibronectin productions completely to basal level and attenuate superoxide production. Moreover, NOX1 inhibition not only prevented iNOS induction but also abrogated changes consequent to iNOS induction such as mesangial fibrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang RD 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Abstract
We showed that metabolic disorders promote thiol oxidative stress in monocytes, priming monocytes for accelerated chemokine-induced recruitment, and accumulation at sites of vascular injury and the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to identify both the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for thiol oxidation in primed and dysfunctional monocytes and the molecular mechanisms through which ROS accelerate the migration and recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages. We found that Nox4, a recently identified NADPH oxidase in monocytes and macrophages, localized to focal adhesions and the actin cytoskeleton, and associated with phospho-FAK, paxillin, and actin, implicating Nox4 in the regulation of monocyte adhesion and migration. We also identified Nox4 as a new, metabolic stress-inducible source of ROS that controls actin S-glutathionylation and turnover in monocytes and macrophages, providing a novel mechanistic link between Nox4-derived H2O2 and monocyte adhesion and migration. Actin associated with Nox4 was S-glutathionylated, and Nox4 association with actin was enhanced in metabolically-stressed monocytes. Metabolic stress induced Nox4 and accelerated monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in a Nox4-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, our data suggest that monocytic Nox4 is a central regulator of actin dynamics, and induction of Nox4 is the rate-limiting step in metabolic stress-induced monocyte priming and dysfunction associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah Ullevig
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
149
|
Zhou W, Quan JH, Lee YH, Shin DW, Cha GH. Toxoplasma gondii Proliferation Require Down-Regulation of Host Nox4 Expression via Activation of PI3 Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66306. [PMID: 23824914 PMCID: PMC3688893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii results in ocular toxoplasmosis characterized by chorioretinitis with inflammation and necrosis of the neuroretina, pigment epithelium, and choroid. After invasion, T. gondii replicates in host cells before cell lysis, which releases the parasites to invade neighboring cells to repeat the life cycle and establish a chronic retinal infection. The mechanism by which T. gondii avoids innate immune defense, however, is unknown. Therefore, we determined whether PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation by T. gondii is essential for subversion of host immunity and parasite proliferation. T. gondii infection or excretory/secretory protein (ESP) treatment of the human retinal pigment epithelium cell line ARPE-19 induced Akt phosphorylation, and PI3K inhibitors effectively reduced T. gondii proliferation in host cells. Furthermore, T. gondii reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) while activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. While searching for the main source of these ROS, we found that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) was prominently expressed in ARPE-19 cells, and this expression was significantly reduced by T. gondii infection or ESP treatment along with decreased ROS levels. In addition, artificial reduction of host Nox4 levels with specific siRNA increased replication of intracellular T. gondii compared to controls. Interestingly, these T. gondii-induced effects were reversed by PI3K inhibitors, suggesting that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is important for suppression of both Nox4 expression and ROS levels by T. gondii infection. These findings demonstrate that manipulation of the host PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Nox4 gene expression is a novel mechanism involved in T. gondii survival and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juan-Hua Quan
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Young-Ha Lee
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Whan Shin
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Guang-Ho Cha
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
150
|
Jia Y, Xu J, Yu Y, Guo J, Liu P, Chen S, Jiang J. Nifedipine inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis via downregulating Nox4-derived ROS generation and suppressing ERK1/2, JNK signaling pathways. Pharmazie 2013; 68:435-441. [PMID: 23875251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nifedipine, a classic L-type dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB), has been reported to possess multiple cardioprotective properties. However, little is known about the effects of nifedipine on cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensinII (AngII) and the detailed molecular mechanisms. In this study, we found that nifedipine attenuated AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis in vitro via inhibiting the proliferation, differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts and antagonizing the upregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin (FN) and the pro-fibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Furthermore, nifedipine suppressed the upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase 4 (Nox4) and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by AngII. In addition, it markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulate kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) stimulated by AngII. However, nifedipine exhibited no effect on the variation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). These results suggested that (1) nifedipine inhibited cardiac fibrosis induced by AngII; (2) the anti-fibrotic effects of nifedipine may be mediated by interfering with the production of ROS and the activation of ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways; (3) the classic calcium channel blocking action of nifedipine may not be involved in the anti-fibrotic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|