101
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Bryson AE, Lanier ER, Lau KH, Hamilton JP, Vaillancourt B, Mathieu D, Yocca AE, Miller GP, Edger PP, Buell CR, Hamberger B. Uncovering a miltiradiene biosynthetic gene cluster in the Lamiaceae reveals a dynamic evolutionary trajectory. Nat Commun 2023; 14:343. [PMID: 36670101 PMCID: PMC9860074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of genes within plant genomes can drive evolution of specialized metabolic pathways. Terpenoids are important specialized metabolites in plants with diverse adaptive functions that enable environmental interactions. Here, we report the genome assemblies of Prunella vulgaris, Plectranthus barbatus, and Leonotis leonurus. We investigate the origin and subsequent evolution of a diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) together with other seven species within the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Based on core genes found in the BGCs of all species examined across the Lamiaceae, we predict a simplified version of this cluster evolved in an early Lamiaceae ancestor. The current composition of the extant BGCs highlights the dynamic nature of its evolution. We elucidate the terpene backbones generated by the Callicarpa americana BGC enzymes, including miltiradiene and the terpene (+)-kaurene, and show oxidization activities of BGC cytochrome P450s. Our work reveals the fluid nature of BGC assembly and the importance of genome structure in contributing to the origin of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Bryson
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Emily R Lanier
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Davis Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alan E Yocca
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Garret P Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick P Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Björn Hamberger
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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102
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Ni W, Wang Z, Zheng A, Zhao Y. Preparation and self-cleavage of fusion soluble farnesyl diphosphate synthase in E. coli. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:988-994. [PMID: 36639146 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2164591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is a crucial protein in terpenoid production. However, its industrial application is limited owing to its low solubility in Escherichia coli. In this study, we focused on ispA encoding FPPS and designed a fusion expression system to reduce inclusion body (IB) formation. Among the chosen fusion tags, the GB1-domain (GB1) exhibited the highest ability to solubilize the recombinant protein. Increased rare tRNA abundance not only improved the GB1-FPPS yield but also increased its soluble level. A "one-step" method for the acquisition of soluble FPPS was also considered. By combining GB1-FPPS expression and Tobacco Etch Virus protease (TEVp) cleavage in vivo, a controllable GB1-FPPS "self-cleavage" system was constructed. Overall, this study provides an efficient approach for obtaining soluble forms of FPPS, which show great potential for use in the soluble expression of other homologous diphosphate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Ni
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui Province, Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui Province, Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Aifang Zheng
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui Province, Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- The Province Key Laboratory of the Biodiversity Study and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui Province, Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui, China
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103
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Rikame TN, Ranawade PS, Mittal SPK, Barvkar VT, Borde MY, Tak RD. Characterization and Biological Studies of the Terpenoids from Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:15-31. [PMID: 37947061 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycochemical properties and bioactivities of Ganoderma resinaceum and Serpula similis remain unexplored. The present study assessed antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and cell migration abilities of Ganoderma and Serpula extracts, followed by their phytochemical analyses. The MTT assay was conducted to determine the cytotoxicity along with the cell migration studies in human cancer cell lines. The antioxidant profiles were evaluated through DPPH and FRAP assays. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to elucidate the phytochemicals responsible for anticancer and antioxidant activities. Significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 12.7% and 13.7% were observed against HCT 116 cell lines at 1% and 5% concentrations of the G. resinaceum extract, respectively. Similarly, significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicities of 6.7% and 25.5% were observed at 1% and 5% concentrations of the S. similis extract, respectively. The extracts of G. resinaceum and S. similis both shows better anti-migration potential in lung cancer cells. Both extracts demonstrated good scavenging activity on DPPH and ferric ion free radicals. LC-MS analysis revealed 11 compounds from S. similis and 15 compounds from G. resinaceum fruiting bodies. Compounds such as terpenoids, alkaloids, cytotoxic peptides, and other metabolites were identified as major components in both extracts. These extracts exhibited cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cancer cells, along with moderate antioxidant activity. This implies that the extracts might be used as bioactive natural sources in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal N Rikame
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar 414001, MH, India
| | - Preeti S Ranawade
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Smriti P K Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Mahesh Y Borde
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, MH, India
| | - Rajesh D Tak
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmednagar College, Ahmednagar 414001, MH, India
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104
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Rebholz Z, Lancaster J, Larose H, Khrimian A, Luck K, Sparks ME, Gendreau KL, Shewade L, Köllner TG, Weber DC, Gundersen-Rindal DE, O'Maille P, Morozov AV, Tholl D. Ancient origin and conserved gene function in terpene pheromone and defense evolution of stink bugs and hemipteran insects. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 152:103879. [PMID: 36470318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects use diverse arrays of small molecules such as metabolites of the large class of terpenes for intra- and inter-specific communication and defense. These molecules are synthesized by specialized metabolic pathways; however, the origin of enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis and their evolution in insect genomes is still poorly understood. We addressed this question by investigating the evolution of isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS)-like genes with terpene synthase (TPS) function in the family of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) within the large order of piercing-sucking Hemipteran insects. Stink bugs include species of global pest status, many of which emit structurally related 15-carbon sesquiterpenes as sex or aggregation pheromones. We provide evidence for the emergence of IDS-type TPS enzymes at the onset of pentatomid evolution over 100 million years ago, coinciding with the evolution of flowering plants. Stink bugs of different geographical origin maintain small IDS-type families with genes of conserved TPS function, which stands in contrast to the diversification of TPS genes in plants. Expanded gene mining and phylogenetic analysis in other hemipteran insects further provides evidence for an ancient emergence of IDS-like genes under presumed selection for terpene-mediated chemical interactions, and this process occurred independently from a similar evolution of IDS-type TPS genes in beetles. Our findings further suggest differences in TPS diversification in insects and plants in conjunction with different modes of gene functionalization in chemical interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarley Rebholz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jason Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hailey Larose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ashot Khrimian
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael E Sparks
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Kerry L Gendreau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Leena Shewade
- SRI International, Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Donald C Weber
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Dawn E Gundersen-Rindal
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Paul O'Maille
- SRI International, Biosciences Division, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Alexandre V Morozov
- Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8019, USA
| | - Dorothea Tholl
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Latham Hall, 220 Ag Quad Lane, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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105
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Nishidono Y, Tanaka K. Effect of drying and processing on diterpenes and other chemical constituents of ginger. J Nat Med 2023; 77:118-127. [PMID: 36209453 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a perennial plant widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and its rhizomes are sometimes processed for use in traditional medicine. In Japan, "ginger" (Shokyo in Japanese) and "processed ginger" (Kankyo in Japanese) are defined as crude drugs derived from ginger rhizomes, which have different medicinal properties due to complex changes in their chemical composition during processing. The effects of processing on gingerols and shogaols are well known, but for other phytochemicals remain unclear. Therefore, the present study prepared dried ginger and processed ginger derived from three ginger cultivars (Kintoki, Kogane, and Tosa ginger) and examined the effects of drying and processing on multiple secondary metabolites. Drying showed only a limited effect on ginger chemical constituents and significantly reduced [6]-gingerol content in Tosa ginger. In contrast, processing altered content of numerous metabolites, such as terpenes and gingerol-related compounds, in addition to those gingerols and shogaols. Notably, processing reduced labdane diterpene content, including labdadienedial, aframodial, and galanolactone in all ginger cultivars. Our results show galanolactone with anti-emetic activity was abundant in dried ginger and decreased following processing, highlighting different uses between "ginger" and "processed ginger" in traditional medicine. Overall, we comprehensively clarified the impact of drying and processing on terpenes and gingerol-related compounds. These findings help reveal the varying medicinal properties among crude drugs prepared from Z. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Nishidono
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Ken Tanaka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
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106
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Yin M, Li C, Wang Y, Fu J, Sun Y, Zhang Q. Comparison analysis of metabolite profiling in seeds and bark of Ulmus parvifolia, a Chinese medicine species. Plant Signal Behav 2022; 17:2138041. [PMID: 36317599 PMCID: PMC9629078 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2138041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ulmus parvifolia (U. parvifolia) is a Chinese medicine plant whose bark and leaves are used in the treatment of some diseases such as inflammation, diarrhea and fever. However, metabolic signatures of seeds have not been studied. The seeds and bark of U. parvifolia collected at the seed ripening stage were used for metabolite profiling analysis through the untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 2,578 and 2,207 metabolites, while 503 and 132 unique metabolites were identified in seeds and bark, respectively. Additionally, 574 differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected in the two different organs of U. parvifolia, which were grouped into 52 classes. Most kinds of metabolites classed into prenol lipids class. The relative content of flavonoids class was the highest. DEMs contained some bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Most kinds of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes were up-regulated in seeds. There were more varieties of terpene glycosides and triterpenoids showing up-regulated in bark. The pathway enrichment was performed, while flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were worthy of attention. This study identified DEMs with pharmaceutical value between seeds and bark during seed maturation and offered a molecular basis for alternative or complementary use of seeds and bark of U. parvifolia as a Chinese medicinal material.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingLong Yin
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - ChuanRong Li
- Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - YuShan Wang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - JunHui Fu
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - YangYang Sun
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding, Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Tai’an, China
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107
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Haney SL, Holstein SA. Targeting the Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Pathway in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010111. [PMID: 36613550 PMCID: PMC9820492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy for which there is currently no cure. While treatment options for MM have expanded over the last two decades, all patients will eventually become resistant to current therapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to treat MM. The isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP) is responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins belonging to the Ras small GTPase superfamily, such as Ras, Rho and Rab family members. Given the important roles these GTPase proteins play in various cellular processes, there is significant interest in the development of inhibitors that disturb their prenylation and consequently their activity in MM cells. Numerous preclinical studies have demonstrated that IBP inhibitors have anti-MM effects, including the induction of apoptosis in MM cells and inhibition of osteoclast activity. Some IBP inhibitors have made their way into the clinic. For instance, nitrogenous bisphosphonates are routinely prescribed for the management MM bone disease. Other IBP inhibitors, including statins and farnesyltransferase inhibitors, have been evaluated in clinical trials for MM, while there is substantial preclinical investigation into geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase inhibitors. Here we discuss recent advances in the development of IBP inhibitors, assess their mechanism of action and evaluate their potential as anti-MM agents.
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108
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Pandeya D, Campbell LM, Puckhaber L, Suh C, Rathore KS. Gossypol and related compounds are produced and accumulate in the aboveground parts of the cotton plant, independent of roots as the source. Planta 2022; 257:21. [PMID: 36538120 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Use of Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed event as a scion in a graft combination confirmed that roots are not a source of terpenoids in the aboveground parts of a cotton plant. Gossypol and related terpenoids, derived from the same basic biosynthetic pathway, are present in the numerous lysigenous glands in the aboveground parts of a cotton plant. Roots, with sparse presence of such glands, do produce significant amount of gossypol and a different set of terpenoids. These compounds serve a defensive function against various pests and pathogens. This investigation was undertaken to examine whether gossypol produced in the roots can replenish the gossypol content of the cottonseed-glands that are largely devoid of this terpenoid in a genetically engineered event. Graft unions between a scion derived from the RNAi-based, Ultra-low gossypol cottonseed (ULGCS) event, TAM66274, and a rootstock derived from wild-type parental genotype, Coker 312 (Coker), were compared with various other grafts that served as controls. The results showed that the seeds developing within the scion of test grafts (ULGCS/Coker) continued to maintain the ultra-low gossypol levels found in the TAM66274 seeds. Molecular analyses confirmed that while the key gene involved in gland development showed normal activity in the developing embryos in the scion, two genes encoding the enzymes involved in gossypol biosynthesis were suppressed. Thus, the gene expression data confirmed the results obtained from biochemical measurements and collectively demonstrated that roots are not a source of gossypol for the aboveground parts of the cotton plant. These findings, combined with the results from previous investigations, support the assertion that gossypol and related terpenoids are produced in a highly localized manner in various organs of the cotton plant and are retained therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Pandeya
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - LeAnne M Campbell
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Lorraine Puckhaber
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Charles Suh
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Keerti S Rathore
- Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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109
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Bahmani K, Robinson A, Majumder S, LaVardera A, Dowell JA, Goolsby EW, Mason CM. Broad diversity in monoterpene-sesquiterpene balance across wild sunflowers: Implications of leaf and floral volatiles for biotic interactions. Am J Bot 2022; 109:2051-2067. [PMID: 36317693 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE As plant lineages diversify across environmental gradients, species are predicted to encounter divergent biotic pressures. This study investigated the evolution of volatile secondary metabolism across species of Helianthus. METHODS Leaves and petals of 40 species of wild Helianthus were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine volatile secondary metabolite profiles. RESULTS Across all species, 500 compounds were identified; 40% were sesquiterpenes, 18% monoterpenes, 3% diterpenes, 4% fatty acid derivatives, and 35% other compounds such as phenolics and small organic molecules. Qualitatively, annuals and species from more arid western climates had leaf compositions with a higher proportion of total monoterpenes, while erect perennials and species from more mesic eastern habitats contained a higher proportion of total sesquiterpenes. Among species, mass-based leaf monoterpene and sesquiterpene abundance were identified as largely orthogonal axes of variation by principal component analysis. Profiles for leaves were not strongly correlated with those of petals. CONCLUSIONS Volatile metabolites were highly diverse among wild Helianthus, indicating the value of this genus as a model system and rich genetic resource. The independence of leaf and petal volatile profiles indicates a low level of phenotypic integration between vegetative and reproductive structures, implying vegetative defense and reproductive defense or pollinator attraction functions mediated by terpene profiles in these two organs can evolve without major trade-offs. The major biosynthetic pathways for the major terpenes in wild Helianthus are already well described, providing a road map to deeper inquiry into the drivers of this diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Bahmani
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Sambadi Majumder
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Jordan A Dowell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eric W Goolsby
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Chase M Mason
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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110
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Yang H, An W, Wang F, Gu Y, Guo H, Jiang Y, Peng J, Liu M, Chen L, Zhang F, Zhu P, Huang X, Wan X. Integrated Transcriptomic, Metabolomic, and Physiological Analyses Reveal New Insights into Fragrance Formation in the Heartwood of Phoebe hui. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214044. [PMID: 36430522 PMCID: PMC9698381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoebe hui is an extremely valuable tree that is the main source of the fragrant golden-thread nanmu wood. Although the fragrance of wood has been investigated in several trees, the potential substances and gene regulation mechanisms that are involved in fragrance formation are poorly understood. Here, three radial tissues, sapwood (SW), heartwood (HW), and the transition zone (TZ) in between them, were compared via integrative physiological, volatile-metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses to identify the key metabolites and regulatory mechanisms involved in fragrance formation. During heartwood formation, gradual starch grain loss was accompanied by the deposition of lipids and extractives in the cell lumen. Extracts of terpenoids were synthesized and accumulated in the heartwood, including monoterpenoids (limonene and p-cymene) and sesquiterpenes (cubebene and guaiadiene); these were identified as being closely related to the special fragrance of the wood. Additionally, the expression of transcripts showed that the genes related to primary metabolism were specifically upregulated in the SW, whereas genes annotated in terpenoid biosynthesis were specifically upregulated in the HW. Therefore, we speculated that terpenoid biosynthesis occurs in situ in the HW via the HW formation model of Type-III (Santalum) using the precursors that were produced by primary metabolism in the SW. The expression levels of transcription factors (e.g., MYB, WRKY, and C2H2) acted as the major regulatory factors in the synthesis of terpenoids. Our results explain the special fragrance in P. hui and broaden the current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of fragrance formation. This work provides a framework for future research that is focused on improving wood quality and value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Yang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenna An
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yunjie Gu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.W.)
| | - Hongying Guo
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Minhao Liu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland, Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiong Huang
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueqin Wan
- Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resource Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Rainy Area of West China Plantation Ecosystem Permanent Scientific Research Base, Institute of Ecology and Forestry, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (X.W.)
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Han X, Zhang J, Han S, Chong SL, Meng G, Song M, Wang Y, Zhou S, Liu C, Lou L, Lou X, Cheng L, Lin E, Huang H, Yang Q, Tong Z. The chromosome-scale genome of Phoebe bournei reveals contrasting fates of terpene synthase (TPS)-a and TPS-b subfamilies. Plant Commun 2022; 3:100410. [PMID: 35841151 PMCID: PMC9700126 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids, including aromatic volatile monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, function in defense against pathogens and herbivores. Phoebe trees are remarkable for their scented wood and decay resistance. Unlike other Lauraceae species investigated to date, Phoebe species predominantly accumulate sesquiterpenoids instead of monoterpenoids. Limited genomic data restrict the elucidation of terpenoid variation and functions. Here, we present a chromosome-scale genome assembly of a Lauraceae tree, Phoebe bournei, and identify 72 full-length terpene synthase (TPS) genes. Genome-level comparison shows pervasive lineage-specific duplication and contraction of TPS subfamilies, which have contributed to the extreme terpenoid variation within Lauraceae species. Although the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies were both expanded via tandem duplication in P. bournei, more TPS-a copies were retained and constitutively expressed, whereas more TPS-b copies were lost. The TPS-a genes on chromosome 8 functionally diverged to synthesize eight highly accumulated sesquiterpenes in P. bournei. The essential oil of P. bournei and its main component, β-caryophyllene, exhibited antifungal activities against the three most widespread canker pathogens of trees. The TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies have experienced contrasting fates over the evolution of P. bournei. The abundant sesquiterpenoids produced by TPS-a proteins contribute to the excellent pathogen resistance of P. bournei trees. Overall, this study sheds light on the evolution and adaptation of terpenoids in Lauraceae and provides valuable resources for boosting plant immunity against pathogens in various trees and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Sun Li Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | | | - Minyan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Shengcai Zhou
- Experimental Forest Farm of Qingyuan County, Qingyuan, Zhejiang 323800, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Luhuan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiongzhen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Longjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Erpei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Huahong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Singh G, Sharma S, Rawat S, Sharma RK. Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs): their biosynthetic enzymatic machinery, physiological functions and commercial potential. Funct Plant Biol 2022; 49:1009-1028. [PMID: 36038144 DOI: 10.1071/fp21294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants, the primary producers of our planet, have evolved from simple aquatic life to very complex terrestrial habitat. This habitat transition coincides with evolution of enormous chemical diversity, collectively termed as 'Plant Specialised Metabolisms (PSMs)', to cope the environmental challenges. Plant glycosylation is an important process of metabolic diversification of PSMs to govern their in planta stability, solubility and inter/intra-cellular transport. Although, individual category of PSMs (terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phytohormones, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glycosides) have been well studied; nevertheless, deeper insights of physiological functioning and genomic aspects of plant glycosylation/deglycosylation processes including enzymatic machinery (CYPs, GTs, and GHs) and regulatory elements are still elusive. Therefore, this review discussed the paradigm shift on genomic background of enzymatic machinery, transporters and regulatory mechanism of 'Plant Specialised Glycosides (PSGs)'. Current efforts also update the fundamental understanding about physiological, evolutionary and adaptive role of glycosylation/deglycosylation processes during the metabolic diversification of PSGs. Additionally, futuristic considerations and recommendations for employing integrated next-generation multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), including gene/genome editing (CRISPR-Cas) approaches are also proposed to explore commercial potential of PSGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; and Present address: Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Present address: G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok 737101, Sikkim, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC Campus, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Baria DM, Patel NY, Yagnik SM, Panchal RR, Rajput KN, Raval VH. Exopolysaccharides from marine microbes with prowess for environment cleanup. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:76611-76625. [PMID: 36166130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23198-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A variety of both small and large biologically intriguing compounds can be found abundantly in the marine environment. Researchers are particularly interested in marine bacteria because they can produce classes of bioactive secondary metabolites that are structurally diverse. The main secondary metabolites produced by marine bacteria are regarded as steroids, alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, biopolymers, and polyketides. The global urbanization leads to the increased use of organic pollutants that are both persistent and toxic for humans, other life forms and tend to biomagnified in environment. The issue can be addressed, by using marine microbial biopolymers with ability for increased bioremediation. Amongst biopolymers, the exopolysaccharides (EPS) are the most prominent under adverse environmental stress conditions. The present review emphasizes the use of EPS as a bio-flocculent for wastewater treatment, as an adsorbent for the removal of textile dye and heavy metals from industrial effluents. The biofilm-forming ability of EPS helps with soil reclamation and reduces soil erosion. EPS are an obvious choice being environmentally friendly and cost-effective in processes for developing sustainable technology. However, a better understanding of EPS biosynthetic pathways and further developing novel sustainable technologies is desirable and certainly will pave the way for efficient usage of EPS for environment cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhritiksha Mansukhlal Baria
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nidhi Yogeshbhai Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Rakeshkumar Ramanlal Panchal
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiransinh Narendrasinh Rajput
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vikram Hiren Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, 380 009, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Yang P, Zhao HY, Wei JS, Zhao YY, Lin XJ, Su J, Li FP, Li M, Ma DM, Tan XK, Liang HL, Sun YW, Zhan RT, He GZ, Zhou XF, Yang JF. Chromosome-level genome assembly and functional characterization of terpene synthases provide insights into the volatile terpenoid biosynthesis of Wurfbainia villosa. Plant J 2022; 112:630-645. [PMID: 36071028 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wurfbainia villosa is a well-known medicinal and edible plant that is widely cultivated in the Lingnan region of China. Its dried fruits (called Fructus Amomi) are broadly used in traditional Chinese medicine for curing gastrointestinal diseases and are rich in volatile terpenoids. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of W. villosa with a total size of approximately 2.80 Gb, 42 588 protein-coding genes, and a very high percentage of repetitive sequences (87.23%). Genome analysis showed that W. villosa likely experienced a recent whole-genome duplication event prior to the W. villosa-Zingiber officinale divergence (approximately 11 million years ago), and a recent burst of long terminal repeat insertions afterward. The W. villosa genome enabled the identification of 17 genes involved in the terpenoid skeleton biosynthesis pathway and 66 terpene synthase (TPS) genes. We found that tandem duplication events have an important contribution to the expansion of WvTPSs, which likely drove the production of volatile terpenoids. In addition, functional characterization of 18 WvTPSs, focusing on the TPS-a and TPS-b subfamilies, showed that most of these WvTPSs are multi-product TPS and are predominantly expressed in seeds. The present study provides insights into the genome evolution and the molecular basis of the volatile terpenoids diversity in W. villosa. The genome sequence also represents valuable resources for the functional gene research and molecular breeding of W. villosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, 418000, China
| | - Hai-Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Louzhou, 5450000, China
| | - Jie-Shu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Su
- Agricultural Experimental Station of Yangchun City (Amomum villosum Testing farm of Yangchun City), Yangchun, 529600, China
| | - Fang-Ping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dong-Ming Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xu-Kai Tan
- Grandomics Biosciences, Beijing, 102200, China
| | - Hui-Lin Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ye-Wen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Ting Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guo-Zhen He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jin-Fen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Wiles D, Shanbhag BK, O'Brien M, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Beddoe T. Heterologous production of Cannabis sativa-derived specialised metabolites of medicinal significance - Insights into engineering strategies. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113380. [PMID: 36049526 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. has been known for at least 2000 years as a source of important, medically significant specialised metabolites and several bio-active molecules have been enriched from multiple chemotypes. However, due to the many levels of complexity in both the commercial cultivation of cannabis and extraction of its specialised metabolites, several heterologous production approaches are being pursued in parallel. In this review, we outline the recent achievements in engineering strategies used for heterologous production of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids along with their strength and weakness. We provide an overview of the specialised metabolism pathway in C. sativa and a comprehensive list of the specialised metabolites produced along with their medicinal significance. We highlight cannabinoid-like molecules produced by other species. We discuss the key biosynthetic enzymes and their heterologous production using various hosts such as microbial and eukaryotic systems. A brief discussion on complementary production strategies using co-culturing and cell-free systems is described. Various approaches to optimise specialised metabolite production through co-expression, enzyme engineering and pathway engineering are discussed. We derive insights from recent advances in metabolic engineering of hosts with improved precursor supply and suggest their application for the production of C. sativa speciality metabolites. We present a collation of non-conventional hosts with speciality traits that can improve the feasibility of commercial heterologous production of cannabis-based specialised metabolites. We provide a perspective of emerging research in synthetic biology, allied analytical techniques and plant heterologous platforms as focus areas for heterologous production of cannabis specialised metabolites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wiles
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Bhuvana K Shanbhag
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Martin O'Brien
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Monika S Doblin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia; La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Travis Beddoe
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences and AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Australian Research Council Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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Li X, Lan C, Li X, Hu Z, Jia B. A review on design-build-test-learn cycle to potentiate progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2022; 363:127981. [PMID: 36130687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the generation of isoprenoid factories in microalgae relies on two strategies: 1) enhanced production of endogenous isoprenoids; or 2) production of heterologous terpenes by metabolic engineering. Nevertheless, low titers and productivity are still a feature of isoprenoid biotechnology and need to be addressed. In this context, the mechanisms underlying isoprenoid biosynthesis in microalgae and its relationship with central carbon metabolism are reviewed. Developments in microalgal biotechnology are discussed, and a new approach of integrated "design-build-test-learn" cycle is advocated to the trends, challenges and prospects involved in isoprenoid engineering. The emerging and promising strategies and tools are discussed for microalgal engineering in the future. This review encourages a systematic engineering perspective aimed at potentiating progress in isoprenoid engineering of photosynthetic microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengxiang Lan
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Jia
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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117
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Chakraborty A, Chaudhury R, Dutta S, Basak M, Dey S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Role of metabolites in flower development and discovery of compounds controlling flowering time. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 190:109-118. [PMID: 36113306 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most important physiological processes of plants that ensures continuity of genetic flow from one generation to the next and also maintains food security. Therefore, impact of various climate-related abiotic stresses on flowering have been assessed to evaluate the long-term impact of global climate change. In contrast to the enormous volume of research that has been conducted at the genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and protein level, much less attention has been paid to understand the role of various metabolites in flower induction and floral organ development during normal growth or in stressed environmental condition. This review article aims at summarizing information on various primary (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acid derivatives, protein and amino acids) and secondary metabolites (e.g., polyamines, phenolics, neuro-indoles, phenylpropanoid, flavonoids and terpenes) that have so far been identified either during flower induction or in individual floral organs implying their possible role in organ development. Specialized metabolites responsible for flower colour, scent and shape to support plant-pollinator interaction have been extensively reviewed by many research groups and hence are not considered in this article. Many of the metabolites discussed here may be used as metabolomarkers to identify tolerant crop genotypes. Several agrochemicals have been successfully used to release endodormancy in temperate trees. Along the same line, a strategy that combines metabolite profiling, screening of small-molecule libraries, and structural alteration of selected compounds has been proposed in order to identify novel lead compounds that can regulate flowering time when applied exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Chaudhury
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India; Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mridushree Basak
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sonali Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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Geng X, Tang R, Zhang A, Du Z, Yang L, Xu Y, Zhong Y, Yang R, Chen W, Pu C. Mining, expression, and phylogenetic analysis of volatile terpenoid biosynthesis-related genes in different tissues of ten Elsholtzia species based on transcriptomic analysis. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113419. [PMID: 36055426 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We sequenced the leaf and inflorescence transcriptomes of 10 Elsholtzia species to mine genes related to the volatile terpenoid metabolic pathway. A total of 184.68 GB data and 1,231,162,678 clean reads were obtained from 20 Elsholtzia samples, and 333,848 unigenes with an average length of at least 1440 bp were obtained by Trinity assembly. KEGG pathway analysis showed that there were three pathways related to volatile terpene metabolism: terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (No. ko00900), monoterpenoid biosynthesis (No. ko00902), and sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis (No. ko00909), with 437, 125, and 121 related unigenes, respectively. The essential oil content and composition in 20 Elsholtzia samples were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were obvious interspecific differences among the 10 Elsholtzia species, but there were no significant differences between the different tissues among species. The expression levels of seven candidate genes involved in volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in Elsholtzia were further analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that HMGS had the highest expression among all genes, followed by GGPS4. In addition, there was not a significant correlation between the seven genes and the components with high essential oil contents. Combined with the essential oil components detected in this study, the possible biosynthetic pathway of the characteristic components in Elsholtzia plants was speculated to be a metabolic pathway with geraniol as the starting point and elsholtzione as the end product. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the nucleotide sequences of the geranyl diphosphate synthase candidate genes, and the results showed that genes related to the volatile terpenoid biosynthetic pathway may be more suitable gene fragments for resolving the Elsholtzia phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwen Geng
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Renhua Tang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Aili Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhizhi Du
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Lipan Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuqi Xu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiling Zhong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Run Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology and the Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Chunxia Pu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Tiedge K, Li X, Merrill AT, Davisson D, Chen Y, Yu P, Tantillo DJ, Last RL, Zerbe P. Comparative transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal specialized metabolite drought stress responses in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). New Phytol 2022; 236:1393-1408. [PMID: 36028985 PMCID: PMC9912200 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is a bioenergy model crop valued for its energy efficiency and drought tolerance. The related monocot species rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays) deploy species-specific, specialized metabolites as core stress defenses. By contrast, specialized chemical defenses in switchgrass are largely unknown. To investigate specialized metabolic drought responses in switchgrass, we integrated tissue-specific transcriptome and metabolite analyses of the genotypes Alamo and Cave-in-Rock that feature different drought tolerance. The more drought-susceptible Cave-in-Rock featured an earlier onset of transcriptomic changes and significantly more differentially expressed genes in response to drought compared to Alamo. Specialized pathways showed moderate differential expression compared to pronounced transcriptomic alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. However, diterpenoid-biosynthetic genes showed drought-inducible expression in Alamo roots, contrasting largely unaltered triterpenoid and phenylpropanoid pathways. Metabolomic analyses identified common and genotype-specific flavonoids and terpenoids. Consistent with transcriptomic alterations, several root diterpenoids showed significant drought-induced accumulation, whereas triterpenoid abundance remained predominantly unchanged. Structural analysis verified select drought-responsive diterpenoids as oxygenated furanoditerpenoids. Drought-dependent transcriptome and metabolite profiles provide the foundation to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying switchgrass drought responses. Accumulation of specialized root diterpenoids and corresponding pathway transcripts supports a role in drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Tiedge
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life SciencesUniversity of Groningen9747AG Groningenthe Netherlands
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Amy T. Merrill
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Danielle Davisson
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Ping Yu
- NMR FacilityUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Dean J. Tantillo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Robert L. Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Philipp Zerbe
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
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Morstein J, Bader T, Cardillo AL, Schackmann J, Ashok S, Hougland JL, Hrycyna CA, Trauner DH, Distefano MD. Photoswitchable Isoprenoid Lipids Enable Optical Control of Peptide Lipidation. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2945-2953. [PMID: 36194691 PMCID: PMC9799063 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitchable lipids have emerged as attractive tools for the optical control of lipid bioactivity, metabolism, and biophysical properties. Their design is typically based on the incorporation of an azobenzene photoswitch into the hydrophobic lipid tail, which can be switched between its trans- and cis-form using two different wavelengths of light. While glycero- and sphingolipids have been successfully designed to be photoswitchable, isoprenoid lipids have not yet been investigated. Herein, we describe the development of photoswitchable analogs of an isoprenoid lipid and systematically assess their potential for the optical control of various steps in the isoprenylation processing pathway of CaaX proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. One photoswitchable analog of farnesyl diphosphate (AzoFPP-1) allowed effective optical control of substrate prenylation by farnesyltransferase. The subsequent steps of isoprenylation processing (proteolysis by either Ste24 or Rce1 and carboxyl methylation by Ste14) were less affected by photoisomerization of the group introduced into the lipid moiety of the substrate a-factor, a mating pheromone from yeast. We assessed both proteolysis and methylation of the a-factor analogs in vitro and the bioactivity of a fully processed a-factor analog containing the photoswitch, exogenously added to cognate yeast cells. Combined, these data describe the first successful conversion of an isoprenoid lipid into a photolipid and suggest the utility of this approach for the optical control of protein prenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Morstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Taysir Bader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Ariana L. Cardillo
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julian Schackmann
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Sudhat Ashok
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - James L. Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | | | - Dirk H. Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mark D. Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Jeong A, Auger SA, Maity S, Fredriksen K, Zhong R, Li L, Distefano MD. In Vivo Prenylomic Profiling in the Brain of a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Reveals Increased Prenylation of a Key Set of Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:2863-2876. [PMID: 36109170 PMCID: PMC9799064 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of protein prenylation has been implicated in many diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prenylomic analysis, the combination of metabolic incorporation of an isoprenoid analogue (C15AlkOPP) into prenylated proteins with a bottom-up proteomic analysis, has allowed the identification of prenylated proteins in various cellular models. Here, transgenic AD mice were administered with C15AlkOPP through intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion over 13 days. Using prenylomic analysis, 36 prenylated proteins were enriched in the brains of AD mice. Importantly, the prenylated forms of 15 proteins were consistently upregulated in AD mice compared to nontransgenic wild-type controls. These results highlight the power of this in vivo metabolic labeling approach to identify multiple post-translationally modified proteins that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for a disease that has proved refractory to treatment thus far. Moreover, this method should be applicable to many other types of protein modifications, significantly broadening its scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jeong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Sanjay Maity
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | | | - Rui Zhong
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Ling Li
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
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Keefover-Ring K, Carlson CH, Hyden B, Azeem M, Smart LB. Genetic mapping of sexually dimorphic volatile and non-volatile floral secondary chemistry of a dioecious willow. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:6352-6366. [PMID: 35710312 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Secondary chemistry often differs between sexes in dioecious plant species, a pattern attributed to its possible role in the evolution and/or maintenance of dioecy. We used GC-MS to measure floral volatiles emitted from, and LC-MS to quantitate non-volatile secondary compounds contained in, female and male Salix purpurea willow catkins from an F2 family. Using the abundance of these chemicals, we then performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to locate them on the genome, identified biosynthetic candidate genes in the QTL intervals, and examined expression patterns of candidate genes using RNA-seq. Male flowers emitted more total terpenoids than females, but females produced more benzenoids. Male tissue contained greater amounts of phenolic glycosides, but females had more chalcones and flavonoids. A flavonoid pigment and a spermidine derivative were found only in males. Male catkins were almost twice the mass of females. Forty-two QTL were mapped for 25 chemical traits and catkin mass across 16 of the 19 S. purpurea chromosomes. Several candidate genes were identified, including a chalcone isomerase associated with seven compounds. A better understanding of the genetic basis of the sexually dimorphic chemistry of a dioecious species may shed light on how chemically mediated ecological interactions may have helped in the evolution and maintenance of dioecy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Keefover-Ring
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig H Carlson
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Brennan Hyden
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Lawrence B Smart
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
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Zhou L, Li J, Zeng T, Xu Z, Luo J, Zheng R, Wang Y, Wang C. TcMYB8, a R3-MYB Transcription Factor, Positively Regulates Pyrethrin Biosynthesis in Tanacetum cinerariifolium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012186. [PMID: 36293043 PMCID: PMC9602545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrethrins are a mixture of terpenes, with insecticidal properties, that accumulate in the aboveground parts of the pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium). Numerous studies have been published on the positive role of MYB transcription factors (TFs) in terpenoid biosynthesis; however, the role of MYB TFs in pyrethrin biosynthesis remains unknown. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a T. cinerariifolium MYB gene encoding a R3-MYB protein, TcMYB8, containing a large number of hormone-responsive elements in its promoter. The expression of the TcMYB8 gene showed a downward trend during the development stage of flowers and leaves, and was induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), salicylic acid (SA), and abscisic acid (ABA). Transient overexpression of TcMYB8 enhanced the expression of key enzyme-encoding genes, TcCHS and TcGLIP, and increased the content of pyrethrins. By contrast, transient silencing of TcMYB8 decreased pyrethrin contents and downregulated TcCHS and TcGLIP expression. Further analysis indicated that TcMYB8 directly binds to cis-elements in proTcCHS and proTcGLIP to activate their expression, thus regulating pyrethrin biosynthesis. Together, these results highlight the potential application of TcMYB8 for improving the T. cinerariifolium germplasm, and provide insight into the pyrethrin biosynthesis regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tuo Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhizhuo Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Riru Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biology of Horticultural Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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Ye J, Yang K, Li Y, Xu F, Cheng S, Zhang W, Liao Y, Yang X, Wang L, Wang Q. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory network governing terpene trilactones biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2068-2085. [PMID: 35532090 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is currently the only remaining gymnosperm of the Ginkgoaceae Ginkgo genus, and its history can be traced back to the Carboniferous 200 million years ago. Terpene trilactones (TTLs) are one of the main active ingredients in G. biloba, including ginkgolides and bilobalide. They have a good curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases because of their special antagonistic effect on platelet-activating factors. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply mine genes related to TTLs and to analyze their transcriptional regulation mechanism, which will hold vitally important scientific and practical significance for quality improvement and regulation of G. biloba. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq on the root, stem, immature leaf, mature leaf, microstrobilus, ovulate strobilus, immature fruit and mature fruit of G. biloba. The TTL regulatory network of G. biloba in different organs was revealed by different transcriptomic analysis strategies. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the five modules were closely correlated with organs. The 12 transcription factors, 5 structural genes and 24 Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were identified as candidate regulators for TTL accumulation by WGCNA and cytoscape visualization. Finally, 6 APETALA2/ethylene response factors, 2 CYP450s and bHLH were inferred to regulate the metabolism of TTLs by correlation analysis. This study is the comprehensive in authenticating transcription factors, structural genes and CYP450 involved in TTL biosynthesis, thereby providing molecular evidence for revealing the comprehensive regulatory network involved in TTL metabolism in G. biloba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Ke Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yuting Li
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- National Selenium Rich Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Lina Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Qijian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
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Tang HV, Berryman DL, Mendoza J, Yactayo-Chang JP, Li QB, Christensen SA, Hunter CT, Best N, Soubeyrand E, Akhtar TA, Basset GJ, Block AK. Dedicated farnesyl diphosphate synthases circumvent isoprenoid-derived growth-defense tradeoffs in Zea mays. Plant J 2022; 112:207-220. [PMID: 35960639 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zea mays (maize) makes phytoalexins such as sesquiterpenoid zealexins, to combat invading pathogens. Zealexins are produced from farnesyl diphosphate in microgram per gram fresh weight quantities. As farnesyl diphosphate is also a precursor for many compounds essential for plant growth, the question arises as to how Z. mays produces high levels of zealexins without negatively affecting vital plant systems. To examine if specific pools of farnesyl diphosphate are made for zealexin synthesis we made CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts of each of the three farnesyl diphosphate synthases (FPS) in Z. mays and examined the resultant impacts on different farnesyl diphosphate-derived metabolites. We found that FPS3 (GRMZM2G098569) produced most of the farnesyl diphosphate for zealexins, while FPS1 (GRMZM2G168681) made most of the farnesyl diphosphate for the vital respiratory co-factor ubiquinone. Indeed, fps1 mutants had strong developmental phenotypes such as reduced stature and development of chlorosis. The replication and evolution of the fps gene family in Z. mays enabled it to produce dedicated FPSs for developmentally related ubiquinone production (FPS1) or defense-related zealexin production (FPS3). This partitioning of farnesyl diphosphate production between growth and defense could contribute to the ability of Z. mays to produce high levels of phytoalexins without negatively impacting its growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang V Tang
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David L Berryman
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorrel Mendoza
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica P Yactayo-Chang
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qin-Bao Li
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Charles T Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Norman Best
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Tariq A Akhtar
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gilles J Basset
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anna K Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Ran Z, Ding W, Cao S, Fang L, Zhou J, Zhang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Effects on secondary metabolite accumulation of traditional Chinese medicines. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2022; 24:932-938. [PMID: 35733285 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of people, and the intrinsic quality of TCM is directly related to the clinical efficacy. The medicinal ingredients of TCM are derived from the secondary metabolites of plant metabolism and are also the result of the coordination of various physiological activities in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most ubiquitous plant mutualists that enhance the growth and yield of plants by facilitating the uptake of nutrients and water. Symbiosis of AMF with higher plants promotes growth and helps in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, there is still no systematic analysis and summation of their roles in the application of TCM, biosynthesis and accumulation of active substances of herbs, as well as the mechanisms. AMF directly or indirectly affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites of TCM, which is the focus of this review. First, in this review, the effects of AMF symbiosis on the content of different secondary metabolites in TCM, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids, are summarized. Moreover, the mechanism of AMF regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites was also considered, in combination with the establishment of mycorrhizal symbionts, response mechanisms of plant hormones, nutritional elements and expression of key enzyme their activities. Finally, combined with the current application prospects for AMF in TCM, future in-depth research is planned, thus providing a reference for improving the quality of TCM. In this manuscript, we review the research status of AMF in promoting the accumulation of secondary metabolites in TCM to provide new ideas and methods for improving the quality of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - W Ding
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - S Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - L Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - J Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Akuh OA, Elahi R, Prigge ST, Seeber F. The ferredoxin redox system - an essential electron distributing hub in the apicoplast of Apicomplexa. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:868-881. [PMID: 35999149 PMCID: PMC9481715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The apicoplast, a relict plastid found in most species of the phylum Apicomplexa, harbors the ferredoxin redox system which supplies electrons to enzymes of various metabolic pathways in this organelle. Recent reports in Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum have shown that the iron-sulfur cluster (FeS)-containing ferredoxin is essential in tachyzoite and blood-stage parasites, respectively. Here we review ferredoxin's crucial contribution to isoprenoid and lipoate biosynthesis as well as tRNA modification in the apicoplast, highlighting similarities and differences between the two species. We also discuss ferredoxin's potential role in the initial reductive steps required for FeS synthesis as well as recent evidence that offers an explanation for how NADPH required by the redox system might be generated in Plasmodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojo-Ajogu Akuh
- FG16 Parasitology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany; Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Rubayet Elahi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean T Prigge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Frank Seeber
- FG16 Parasitology, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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128
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Arnao MB, Cano A, Hernández-Ruiz J. Phytomelatonin: an unexpected molecule with amazing performances in plants. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:5779-5800. [PMID: 35029657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin, a multifunctional molecule that has been found to be present in all plants examined to date, has an important role in plants as a modulatory agent (a biostimulator) that improves plant tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stress. We present a review of phytomelatonin that considers its roles in plant metabolism and in particular its interactions with plant hormone network. In the primary metabolism of plants, melatonin improves the rate and efficiency of photosynthesis, as well related factors such as stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, and Rubisco activity. It has also been shown to down-regulate some senescence transcription factors. Melatonin up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to carbohydrates (including sucrose and starch), amino acids, and lipid metabolism, optimizing N, P, and S uptake. With respect to the secondary metabolism, clear increases in polyphenol, glucosinolate, terpenoid, and alkaloid contents have been described in numerous melatonin-treated plants. Generally, the most important genes of these secondary biosynthesis pathways have been found to be up-regulated by melatonin. The great regulatory capacity of melatonin is a result of its control of the redox and plant hormone networks. Melatonin acts as a plant master regulator, up-/down-regulating different plant hormone levels and signalling, and is a key player in redox homeostasis. It has the capacity to counteract diverse critical situations such as pathogen infections and abiotic stresses, and provide plants with varying degrees of tolerance. We propose possible future applications of melatonin for crop improvement and post-harvest product preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa Hernández-Ruiz
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100-Murcia, Spain
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129
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Cardoza RE, McCormick SP, Izquierdo-Bueno I, Martínez-Reyes N, Lindo L, Brown DW, Collado IG, Proctor RH, Gutiérrez S. Identification of polyketide synthase genes required for aspinolide biosynthesis in Trichoderma arundinaceum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7153-7171. [PMID: 36166052 PMCID: PMC9592644 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Trichoderma arundinaceum exhibits biological control activity against crop diseases caused by other fungi. Two mechanisms that likely contribute to this activity are upregulation of plant defenses and production of two types of antifungal secondary metabolites: the sesquiterpenoid harzianum A (HA) and the polyketide-derived aspinolides. The goal of the current study was to identify aspinolide biosynthetic genes as part of an effort to understand how these metabolites contribute to the biological control activity of T. arundinaceum. Comparative genomics identified two polyketide synthase genes (asp1 and asp2) that occur in T. arundinaceum and Aspergillus ochraceus, which also produces aspinolides. Gene deletion and biochemical analyses in T. arundinaceum indicated that both genes are required for aspinolide production: asp2 for formation of a 10-member lactone ring and asp1 for formation of a butenoyl subsituent at position 8 of the lactone ring. Gene expression and comparative genomics analyses indicated that asp1 and asp2 are located within a gene cluster that occurs in both T. arundinaceum and A. ochraceus. A survey of genome sequences representing 35 phylogenetically diverse Trichoderma species revealed that intact homologs of the cluster occurred in only two other species, which also produced aspinolides. An asp2 mutant inhibited fungal growth more than the wild type, but an asp1 mutant did not, and the greater inhibition by the asp2 mutant coincided with increased HA production. These findings indicate that asp1 and asp2 are aspinolide biosynthetic genes and that loss of either aspinolide or HA production in T. arundinaceum can be accompanied by increased production of the other metabolite(s). KEY POINTS: • Two polyketide synthase genes are required for aspinolide biosynthesis. • Blocking aspinolide production increases production of the terpenoid harzianum A. • Aspinolides and harzianum A act redundantly in antibiosis of T. arundinaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Cardoza
- University Group for Research in Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture (GUIIAS), Area of Microbiology, University of León, 24400, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Susan P McCormick
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Inmaculada Izquierdo-Bueno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre Sur, 4ª planta, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Natalia Martínez-Reyes
- University Group for Research in Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture (GUIIAS), Area of Microbiology, University of León, 24400, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Laura Lindo
- University Group for Research in Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture (GUIIAS), Area of Microbiology, University of León, 24400, Ponferrada, Spain
| | - Daren W Brown
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Isidro G Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro s/n, Torre Sur, 4ª planta, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Robert H Proctor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61604, USA.
| | - Santiago Gutiérrez
- University Group for Research in Engineering and Sustainable Agriculture (GUIIAS), Area of Microbiology, University of León, 24400, Ponferrada, Spain.
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130
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Koyama K, Kono A, Ban Y, Bahena-Garrido SM, Ohama T, Iwashita K, Fukuda H, Goto-Yamamoto N. Genetic architecture of berry aroma compounds in a QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping population of interspecific hybrid grapes (Vitis labruscana × Vitis vinifera). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:458. [PMID: 36151514 PMCID: PMC9503205 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03842-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although grapes accumulate diverse groups of volatile compounds, their genetic regulation in different cultivars remains unelucidated. Therefore, this study investigated the volatile composition in the berries of an interspecific hybrid population from a Vitis labruscana 'Campbell Early' (CE) × Vitis vinifera 'Muscat of Alexandria' (MA) cross to understand the relationship among volatile compounds and their genetic regulation. Then, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of its volatile compounds was conducted. RESULTS While MA contained higher concentrations of monoterpenes and norisoprenoids, CE contained higher concentrations of C6 compounds, lactones and shikimic acid derivatives, including volatiles characteristic to American hybrids, i.e., methyl anthranilate, o-aminoacetophenone and mesifurane. Furthermore, a cluster analysis of volatile profiles in the hybrid population discovered ten coordinately modulated free and bound volatile clusters. QTL analysis identified a major QTL on linkage group (LG) 5 in the MA map for 14 monoterpene concentrations, consistent with a previously reported locus. Additionally, several QTLs detected in the CE map affected the concentrations of specific monoterpenes, such as linalool, citronellol and 1,8-cineol, modifying the monoterpene composition in the berries. As for the concentrations of five norisoprenoids, a major common QTL on LG2 was discovered first in this study. Several QTLs with minor effects were also discovered in various volatile groups, such as lactones, alcohols and shikimic acid derivatives. CONCLUSIONS An overview of the profiles of aroma compounds and their underlying QTLs in a population of interspecific hybrid grapes in which muscat flavor compounds and many other aroma compounds were mixed variously were elucidated. Coordinate modulation of the volatile clusters in the hybrid population suggested an independent mechanism for controlling the volatiles of each group. Accordingly, specific QTLs with significant effects were observed for terpenoids, norisoprenoids and some volatiles highly contained in CE berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Koyama
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kono
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, NARO, 2-1 Fujimoto, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8605, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ban
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center (Kinki, Chugoku and Shikoku Regions), NARO, 6-12-1 Nishifukatsu, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, 721-8514, Japan
| | | | - Tomoko Ohama
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwashita
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Hisashi Fukuda
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
| | - Nami Goto-Yamamoto
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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Seth R, Devi A, Sharma B, Masand M, Singh G, Pal P, Holkar A, Sharma S, Sharma V, Negi S, Sharma RK. An Integrative Transcriptional Network Revealed Spatial Molecular Interplay Underlying Alantolactone and Inulin Biosynthesis in Inula racemosa Hook f. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911213. [PMID: 36232516 PMCID: PMC9570477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Pushkarmula), a perennial Himalayan herb known for its aromatic and phytopharmaceutical attributes, is not yet explored at genomic/transcriptomic scale. In this study, efforts were made to unveil the global transcriptional atlas underlying organ-specific specialized metabolite biosynthesis by integrating RNA-Seq analysis of 433 million sequenced reads with the phytochemical analysis of leaf, stem, and root tissues. Overall, 7242 of 83,772 assembled nonredundant unigenes were identified exhibiting spatial expression in leaf (3761), root (2748), and stem (733). Subsequently, integration of the predicted transcriptional interactome network of 2541 unigenes (71,841 edges) with gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed isoprenoid, terpenoid, diterpenoid, and gibberellin biosynthesis with antimicrobial activities in root tissue. Interestingly, the root-specific expression of germacrene-mediated alantolactone biosynthesis (GAS, GAO, G8H, IPP, DMAP, and KAO) and antimicrobial activities (BZR1, DEFL, LTP) well-supported with both quantitative expression profiling and phytochemical accumulation of alantolactones (726.08 μg/10 mg) and isoalantolactones (988.59 μg/10 mg), which suggests “roots” as the site of alantolactone biosynthesis. A significant interaction of leaf-specific carbohydrate metabolism with root-specific inulin biosynthesis indicates source (leaf) to sink (root) regulation of inulin. Our findings comprehensively demonstrate the source-sink transcriptional regulation of alantolactone and inulin biosynthesis, which can be further extended for upscaling the targeted specialized metabolites. Nevertheless, the genomic resource created in this study can also be utilized for development of genome-wide functionally relevant molecular markers to expedite the breeding strategies for genetic improvement of I. racemosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romit Seth
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amna Devi
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balraj Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Masand
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gopal Singh
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Pal
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashlesha Holkar
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shivanti Negi
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar Sharma
- Biotechnology Department, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: or
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132
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Gu WT, Li LY, Rui WJ, Diao ZW, Zhuang GD, Chen XM, Qian ZM, Wang SM, Tang D, Ma HY. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of variation of volatile fractions of ginseng from different habitats by HS-SPME-GC-MS coupled with chemometrics. Anal Methods 2022; 14:3583-3597. [PMID: 36043471 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated ginseng (CG), transplanted ginseng (TG) and mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) classified by the habitat type all belong to Panax ginseng and were reported to have similar types of secondary metabolites. Nonetheless, owing to the distinctly diverse habitats in which these ginseng types grow, their pharmacological effects differ. In the present study, an emerging analytical approach involving headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was established to effectively distinguish among CG, TG and MCG. First, the volatile components were analysed and identified by using the NIST library combined with measured retention indices (Kovats', RI), and a total of 78 volatile components were finally characterized, which included terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes and alkynols. Furthermore, multivariate statistical approaches, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were subsequently utilized to screen for compounds of significance. Under optimized HS-SPME-GC-MS conditions, 12, 16, and 16 differential markers were screened in the CG-TG, CG-MCG and TG-MCG groups, respectively. Our study suggested that HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis combined with metabolomic analytical methods and chemometric techniques can be applied as potent tools to identify chemical marker candidates to distinguish CG, TG and MCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lin-Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Company Limited, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Rui
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhong-Wen Diao
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Guo-Dong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM and Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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133
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Xu R, Ming Y, Li Y, Li S, Zhu W, Wang H, Guo J, Shi Z, Shu S, Xiong C, Cheng X, Wang L, You J, Wan D. Full-Length Transcriptomic Sequencing and Temporal Transcriptome Expression Profiling Analyses Offer Insights into Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Artemisia argyi. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185948. [PMID: 36144681 PMCID: PMC9501300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisiae argyi Folium is a traditional herbal medicine used for moxibustion heat therapy in China. The volatile oils in A.argyi leaves are closely related to its medicinal value. Records suggest that the levels of these terpenoids components within the leaves vary as a function of harvest time, with June being the optimal time for A. argyi harvesting, owing to the high levels of active ingredients during this month. However, the molecular mechanisms governing terpenoid biosynthesis and the time-dependent changes in this activity remain unclear. In this study, GC–MS analysis revealed that volatile oil levels varied across four different harvest months (April, May, June, and July) in A. argyi leaves, and the primarily terpenoids components (including both monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) reached peak levels in early June. Through single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, corrected by Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), 44 full-length transcripts potentially involved in terpenoid biosynthesis were identified in this study. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibiting time-dependent expression patterns were divided into 12 coexpression clusters. Integrated chemical and transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct time-specific transcriptomic patterns associated with terpenoid biosynthesis. Subsequent hierarchical clustering and correlation analyses ultimately identified six transcripts that were closely linked to the production of these two types of terpenoid within A. argyi leaves, revealing that the structural diversity of terpenoid is related to the generation of the diverse terpene skeletons by prenyltransferase (TPS) family of enzymes. These findings can guide further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying the quality of A. argyi leaves, aiding in the selection of optimal timing for harvests of A. argyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
- Correspondence: (R.X.); (J.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Yue Ming
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, Joplin, MO 64804, USA
| | - Shaoting Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Hongxun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Zhaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources and Compound Formula, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shaohua Shu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Limei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Jingmao You
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China
- Correspondence: (R.X.); (J.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Dingrong Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (R.X.); (J.Y.); (D.W.)
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134
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Rautela A, Kumar S. Engineering plant family TPS into cyanobacterial host for terpenoids production. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1791-1803. [PMID: 35789422 PMCID: PMC9253243 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are synthesized naturally by plants as secondary metabolites, and are diverse and complex in structure with multiple applications in bioenergy, food, cosmetics, and medicine. This makes the production of terpenoids such as isoprene, β-phellandrene, farnesene, amorphadiene, and squalene valuable, owing to which their industrial demand cannot be fulfilled exclusively by plant sources. They are synthesized via the Methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) and the Mevalonate pathway (MVA), both existing in plants. The advent of genetic engineering and the latest accomplishments in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering allow microbial synthesis of terpenoids. Cyanobacteria manifest to be the promising hosts for this, utilizing sunlight and CO2. Cyanobacteria possess MEP pathway to generate precursors for terpenoid synthesis. The terpenoid synthesis can be amplified by overexpressing the MEP pathway and engineering MVA pathway genes. According to the desired terpenoid, terpene synthases unique to the plant kingdom must be incorporated in cyanobacteria. Engineering an organism to be used as a cell factory comes with drawbacks such as hampered cell growth and disturbance in metabolic flux. This review set forth a comparison between MEP and MVA pathways, strategies to overexpress these pathways with their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Rautela
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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135
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Bai Q. Comparative transcriptomics of Pinus massoniana organs provides insights on terpene biosynthesis regulation. Physiol Plant 2022; 174:e13791. [PMID: 36169876 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids are the most important natural products collected from conifer species. However, the molecular mechanisms and core factors underlying terpenoid biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana remain unclear. To clarify these mechanisms, this study aimed to identify potential genes that might participate in the terpenoid biosynthesis of P. massoniana. In this study, single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and expression analysis were used to confirm the expression patterns of genes involved in the cones, immature needles, mature needles, immature branches, and mature branches of P. massoniana. A total of 31,331 lncRNAs and 71,240 mRNAs were identified from these organs, and the greatest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was discovered between needles and branches. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) classified all expressed genes into nine typical modules with 11 kinds of transcription factors (TFs), namely, AP2-ERF, ARF, AUX-IAA, C2H2, Dof, F-box, SBP, WRKY, bHLH, bZIP, and GRAS, and seven kinds of functional genes, namely, ABC transporter, cellulose synthase (CesA), leucine-rich repeats (LRR), cytochrome P450 (CYT P450), pathogenesis-related protein (PR), terpene synthase (TPS), and chlorophyllase enzyme. A molecular network was constructed for hub genes, TFs, and functional genes in three modules. The potential function of eight candidate genes, including PmbHLH2, PmERF1, PmRGA, PmGAI, PmbZIP1, PmLOB1, PmMADS1, and PmMYB1, was validated through correlation analysis between terpenoid contents and expression levels, subcellular localization, and transcriptional activation activity, which provides us with probable regulators of terpenoid biosynthesis in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, China
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136
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Bansal R, Sethy SK, Khan Z, Shaikh N, Banerjee K, Mukherjee PK. Genetic Evidence in Favor of a Polyketide Origin of Acremeremophilanes, the Fungal "Sesquiterpene" Metabolites. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0179322. [PMID: 35938791 PMCID: PMC9430172 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01793-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Eremophilanes are a large group of "sesquiterpenes" produced by plants and fungi, with more than 180 compounds being known in fungi alone. Many of these compounds are phytotoxic, antimicrobial, anticancer and immunomodulators, and hence are of great economic values. Acremeremophilanes A to O have earlier been reported in a marine isolate of Acremonium sp. We report here the presence of Acremeremophilane I, G, K, N, and O, in a plant beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens, in a strain-specific manner. We also describe a novel, P strain-specific polyketide synthase (PKS) gene cluster in T. virens. This gene cluster, designated amm cluster, is absent in the genome of a Q strain of T. virens, and in other Trichoderma spp.; instead, a near identical cluster is present in the genome of the toxic mold Stachybotrys chartarum. Using gene knockout, we provide evidence that acremeremophilanes are biosynthesized via a polyketide route, and not via the mevalonate/terpene synthesis route as believed. We propose here that the 10-carbon skeleton is a product of polyketide synthase, to which a five-carbon isoprene unit is added by a prenyl transferase (PT), a gene for which is present next to the PKS gene in the genome. Based on this evidence, we propose that at least some of the eremophilanes classified in literature as sesquiterpenes (catalyzed by terpene cyclase) are actually meroterpenes (catalyzed by PKSs and PTs), and that the core moiety is not a sesquiterpene, but a hybrid polyketide/isoprene unit. IMPORTANCE The article contradicts the established fact that acremeremophilane metabolites produced by fungi are sesquiterpenes; instead, our findings suggest that at least some of these well-studied metabolites are of polyketide origin. Acremeremophilane metabolites are of medicinal significance, and the present findings have implications for the metabolic engineering of these metabolites and also their overproduction in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Bansal
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sethy
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zareen Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nasiruddin Shaikh
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR–National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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137
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Ali M, Miao L, Soudy FA, Darwish DBE, Alrdahe SS, Alshehri D, Benedito VA, Tadege M, Wang X, Zhao J. Overexpression of Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes Modifies Root Growth and Nodulation in Soybean (Glycine max). Cells 2022; 11:cells11172622. [PMID: 36078031 PMCID: PMC9454526 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Root nodule formation in many leguminous plants is known to be affected by endogen ous and exogenous factors that affect formation, development, and longevity of nodules in roots. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the genes which are involved in the regulation of the nodulation signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effect of terpenoids and terpene biosynthesis genes on root nodule formation in Glycine max. The study aimed to clarify not only the impact of over-expressing five terpene synthesis genes isolated from G. max and Salvia guaranitica on soybean nodulation signaling pathway, but also on the strigolactones pathway. The obtained results revealed that the over expression of GmFDPS, GmGGPPS, SgGPS, SgFPPS, and SgLINS genes enhanced the root nodule numbers, fresh weight of nodules, root, and root length. Moreover, the terpene content in the transgenic G. max hairy roots was estimated. The results explored that the monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes were significantly increased in transgenic soybean hairy roots in comparison with the control. Our results indicate the potential effects of terpenoids and terpene synthesis genes on soybean root growth and nodulation. The study provides novel insights for understanding the epistatic relationship between terpenoids, root development, and nodulation in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Desert Research Center, Department of Genetic Resources, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Long Miao
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fathia A. Soudy
- Department of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Saleh Alrdahe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vagner A. Benedito
- Plant and Soil Sciences Division, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-7404-7685 (J.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, College of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-7404-7685 (J.Z.)
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138
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Zhang J, Ma Y, Chen Q, Yang M, Feng D, Zhou F, Wang G, Wang C. Functional Prediction of trans-Prenyltransferases Reveals the Distribution of GFPPSs in Species beyond the Brassicaceae Clade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169471. [PMID: 36012736 PMCID: PMC9409350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids are the most diverse class of plant primary and specialized metabolites, and trans-prenyltransferases (trans-PTs) are the first branch point to synthesize precursors of various chain lengths for further metabolism. Whereas the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme is known, there is no reliable method for precisely predicting the functions of trans-PTs. With the exponentially increasing number of available trans-PTs genes in public databases, an in silico functional prediction method for this gene family is urgently needed. Here, we present PTS-Pre, a web tool developed on the basis of the “three floors” model, which shows an overall 86% prediction accuracy for 141 experimentally determined trans-PTs. The method was further validated by in vitro enzyme assays for randomly selected trans-PTs. In addition, using this method, we identified nine new GFPPSs from different plants which are beyond the previously reported Brassicaceae clade, suggesting these genes may have occurred via convergent evolution and are more likely lineage-specific. The high accuracy of our blind prediction validated by enzymatic assays suggests that PTS-Pre provides a convenient and reliable method for genome-wide functional prediction of trans-PTs enzymes and will surely benefit the elucidation and metabolic engineering of terpenoid biosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Mingxia Yang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Deyu Feng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (C.W.)
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139
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Dong Y, Li J, Zhang W, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate affects the emissions of volatile compounds in lavender (Lavandula angustifolia). Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 185:25-34. [PMID: 35649290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), is an orthodox elicitor of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids. Lavandula angustifolia is an important aromatic plant generating, yet few studies have been performed to evaluate the function of MeJA on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in lavender. Five treatments (with concentrations of 0, 0.4, 4, 8, and 16 mM) were set, and the physiological indicators of each group were determined after 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The results illustrate that (1) MeJA could affect the diurnal rhythm of the emission of volatiles and MeJA acted in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner; (2) 8 mM MeJA treatment increased the total content of the volatiles, and the contents of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids were up-regulated 0.46- and 0.74- fold than the control at 24 h and 12 h, respectively; (3) after MeJA treatment, all the genes expression analyzed changed to varying degrees, of which 3-carene synthase (La3CARS) gene changed most significantly (7.66- to 38.02- fold than the control); (4) MeJA application was associated with a rise in glandular trichome density. The positive effects of MeJA indicate that the exogenous application of MeJA could be a beneficial mean for studies on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in lavender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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140
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Li W, Cui L, Mai J, Shi TQ, Lin L, Zhang ZG, Ledesma-Amaro R, Dong W, Ji XJ. Advances in Metabolic Engineering Paving the Way for the Efficient Biosynthesis of Terpenes in Yeasts. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9246-9261. [PMID: 35854404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are a large class of secondary metabolites with diverse structures and functions that are commonly used as valuable raw materials in food, cosmetics, and medicine. With the development of metabolic engineering and emerging synthetic biology tools, these important terpene compounds can be sustainably produced using different microbial chassis. Currently, yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yarrowia lipolytica have received extensive attention as potential hosts for the production of terpenes due to their clear genetic background and endogenous mevalonate pathway. In this review, we summarize the natural terpene biosynthesis pathways and various engineering strategies, including enzyme engineering, pathway engineering, and cellular engineering, to further improve the terpene productivity and strain stability in these two widely used yeasts. In addition, the future prospects of yeast-based terpene production are discussed in light of the current progress, challenges, and trends in this field. Finally, guidelines for future studies are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuwei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Qiong Shi
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro
- Department of Bioengineering and Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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141
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Qiao D, Tang M, Jin L, Mi X, Chen H, Zhu J, Liu S, Wei C. A monoterpene synthase gene cluster of tea plant (Camellia sinensis) potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 184:1-13. [PMID: 35613521 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most abundant volatiles in tea plants and have dual functions in aroma quality formation and defense responses in tea plants. Terpene synthases (TPS) are the key enzymes for the synthesis of terpenes in plants; however, the functions of most of them in tea plants are still unknown. In this study, six putative terpene biosynthesis gene clusters were identified from the tea plant genome. Then we cloned three new TPS-b subfamily genes, CsTPS08, CsTPS10 and CsTPS58. In vitro enzyme assays showed that CsTPS08 and CsTPS58 are two multiple-product terpene synthases, with the former synthesizing linalool as the main product, and β-myrcene, α-phellandrene, α-terpinolene, D-limonene, cis-β-ocimene, trans-β-ocimene and (4E,6Z)-allo-ocimene as minor products are also detected, while the latter catalyzing the formation of α-pinene and D-limonene using GPP as the substrate. No product of CsTPS10 was detected in the prokaryotic expression system, but geraniol production was detected when transiently expressed in tobacco leaves. CsTPS08 and CsTPS10 are two functional members of a monoterpene synthase gene cluster, which were significantly induced during both Ectropis oblique feeding and fresh leaf spreading treatments, suggesting that they have dual functions involved in tea plant pest defense and tea aroma quality regulation. In addition, the differences in their expression levels in different tea plant cultivars provide a possibility for the subsequent screening of tea plant resources with a specific aroma flavor. Our results deepen the understanding of terpenoid synthesis in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China; Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Jin'nong Road, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550006, China
| | - Mengsha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Xiaozeng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Hongrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Junyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Shengrui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization / Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization/ Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Tea Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
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142
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Liu S, Shan B, Zhou X, Gao W, Liu Y, Zhu B, Sun L. Transcriptome and Metabolomics Integrated Analysis Reveals Terpene Synthesis Genes Controlling Linalool Synthesis in Grape Berries. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:9084-9094. [PMID: 35820041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four hybrids from the cross between "Italia" and "Tamina" grapes were chosen to investigate their distinct monoterpenoids patterns and candidate genes involved. Monoterpenoid profiles and transcriptome data were generated at four berry developmental stages. Trans-rose oxide, cis-rose oxide, citronellol, neral, nerol, nerol oxide, geraniol, geranial, geranic acid, and cis-isogeraniol were the dominant compounds in R250 hybrid, while linalool, hotrienol, linalool oxide pyranoside, and cis-furan linalool oxide were the main compounds in R77 hybrid. Six TPS-g subfamily genes were found related with the contents of linalool and its related monoterpenoids by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and phylogenetic analysis. Among them, TPS59 was cloned and functionally verified by transient overexpression in the leaves of Vitis quinquangularis. Meanwhile, NAC (newGene_195), C2C2-GATA (VIT_15s0021g02510), and bHLH (VIT_14s0128g00110) were selected as candidate transcription factors (TFs) that could regulate the expression of the six TPS-b genes. These data enhanced our understanding on the regulation of monoterpenoid biosynthesis in grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Bingqi Shan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomiao Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenping Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaran Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoqing Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Forestry Food Processing and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Rui-Wang-Fen, Minzhuang Road, Beijing 100093, China
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143
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Qin L, Du F, Yang N, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zheng X, Tang J, Yang L, Dong C. Transcriptome Analyses Revealed the Key Metabolic Genes and Transcription Factors Involved in Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Sacred Lotus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144599. [PMID: 35889471 PMCID: PMC9320166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As the largest group of structurally diverse metabolites, terpenoids are versatile natural compounds that act as metabolism mediators, plant volatiles, and ecological communicators. However, few terpenoid compounds have been identified in plant parts of sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.). To elucidate the molecular genetic basis of the terpene biosynthetic pathway, terpenes from different parts of the plant, including seeds (S), young leaves (YL), mature leaves (ML), white flowers (WF), yellow flowers (YF), and red flowers (RF), were identified by LC-MS/MS and the relative contents of the same terpenes in different parts were compared. The results indicate that all plant parts primarily consist of triterpenes, with only minor quantities of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes, and there were differences in the terpene content detected in different plant parts. To illustrate the biosynthesis of various terpenoids, RNA sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptomes of various plant parts, which generated a total of 126.95 GB clean data and assembled into 29,630 unigenes. Among these unigenes, 105 candidate unigenes are involved in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, methyl-erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway, and terpenoid synthases pathway. Moreover, the co-expression network between terpene synthase (TPS) and WRKY transcription factors provides new information for the terpene biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Qin
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Fei Du
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Ningning Yang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Xingwen Zheng
- White Lotus Industrial Development Center of Guangchang County, Fuzhou 344900, China; (X.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Jiawei Tang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
| | - Liangbo Yang
- White Lotus Industrial Development Center of Guangchang County, Fuzhou 344900, China; (X.Z.); (L.Y.)
| | - Chen Dong
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (L.Q.); (F.D.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (Z.W.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Jeon MJ, Roy NS, Choi BS, Oh JY, Kim YI, Park HY, Um T, Kim NS, Kim S, Choi IY. Identifying Terpenoid Biosynthesis Genes in Euphorbia maculata via Full-Length cDNA Sequencing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144591. [PMID: 35889464 PMCID: PMC9316252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The annual herb Euphorbia maculata L. produces anti-inflammatory and biologically active substances such as triterpenoids, tannins, and polyphenols, and it is used in traditional Chinese medicine. Of these bioactive compounds, terpenoids, also called isoprenoids, are major secondary metabolites in E. maculata. Full-length cDNA sequencing was carried out to characterize the transcripts of terpenoid biosynthesis reference genes and determine the copy numbers of their isoforms using PacBio SMRT sequencing technology. The Illumina short-read sequencing platform was also employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the secondary metabolite pathways from leaves, roots, and stems. PacBio generated 62 million polymerase reads, resulting in 81,433 high-quality reads. From these high-quality reads, we reconstructed a genome of 20,722 genes, in which 20,246 genes (97.8%) did not have paralogs. About 33% of the identified genes had two or more isoforms. DEG analysis revealed that the expression level differed among gene paralogs in the leaf, stem, and root. Whole sets of paralogs and isoforms were identified in the mevalonic acid (MVA), methylerythritol phosphate (MEP), and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways in the E. maculata L. The nucleotide information will be useful for identifying orthologous genes in other terpenoid-producing medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jin Jeon
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea; (M.J.J.); (J.Y.O.)
| | - Neha Samir Roy
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (N.S.R.); (T.U.)
| | | | - Ji Yeon Oh
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea; (M.J.J.); (J.Y.O.)
| | - Yong-In Kim
- On Biological Resource Research Institute, Chuncheon 24239, Korea;
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Biological Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Taeyoung Um
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (N.S.R.); (T.U.)
| | - Nam-Soo Kim
- BIT Institute, NBIT Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: (N.-S.K.); (S.K.); (I.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-10-5522-6472 (N.-S.K.); +82-32-590-7110 (S.K.); +82-33-250-7768 (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Soonok Kim
- Microorganism Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Korea; (M.J.J.); (J.Y.O.)
- Correspondence: (N.-S.K.); (S.K.); (I.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-10-5522-6472 (N.-S.K.); +82-32-590-7110 (S.K.); +82-33-250-7768 (I.-Y.C.)
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (N.S.R.); (T.U.)
- BIT Institute, NBIT Co., Ltd., Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Department of Agriculture and Life Industry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Correspondence: (N.-S.K.); (S.K.); (I.-Y.C.); Tel.: +82-10-5522-6472 (N.-S.K.); +82-32-590-7110 (S.K.); +82-33-250-7768 (I.-Y.C.)
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145
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Chun JI, Kim SM, Jeong NR, Kim SH, Jung C, Kang JH. Tomato ARPC1 regulates trichome morphology and density and terpene biosynthesis. Planta 2022; 256:38. [PMID: 35821288 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on transcriptomic analysis of wild-type and mutant tomato plants, ARPC1 was found to be important for trichome formation and development and it plays a key role in terpene synthesis. Trichomes are protruding epidermal cells in plant species. They function as the first defense layer against biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite the essential role of tomato trichomes in defense against herbivores, the understanding of their development is still incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify genes involved in trichome formation and morphology and terpene synthesis, using transcriptomic techniques. To achieve this, we examined leaf morphology and compared the expression levels of some putative genes involved in trichome formation between wild-type (WT) and hairless-3 (hl-3) tomato mutant. The hl-3 plants displayed swollen and distorted trichomes and reduced trichome density (type I and IV) and terpene synthesis compared with that of the WT plants. Gene expression analysis showed that Actin-Related Protein Component1 (ARPC1) was expressed more highly in the WT than in the hl-3 mutant, indicating its critical role in trichome morphology and density. Additionally, the expression of MYC1 and several terpene synthase genes (TPS9, 12, 20), which are involved in type VI trichome initiation and terpene synthesis, was lower in the hl-3 mutant than in the WT plants. Moreover, transformation of the hl-3 mutant with WT ARPC1 restored normal trichome structure and density, and terpene synthesis. Structural and amino acid sequence analysis showed that there was a missplicing mutation in the hl-3 mutant, which was responsible for the abnormal trichome structure and density, and impaired terpene synthesis. Overall, the findings of this study demonstrated that ARPC1 is involved in regulating trichome structure and terpene synthesis in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Chun
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Jeong
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Choonkyun Jung
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources and Integrated Major in Global Smart Farm, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, PyeongChang, 25354, Republic of Korea.
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146
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Wu S, Malaco Morotti AL, Wang S, Wang Y, Xu X, Chen J, Wang G, Tatsis EC. Convergent gene clusters underpin hyperforin biosynthesis in St John's wort. New Phytol 2022; 235:646-661. [PMID: 35377483 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The meroterpenoid hyperforin is responsible for the antidepressant activity of St John's wort extracts, but the genes controlling its biosynthesis are unknown. Using genome mining and biochemical work, we characterize two biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that encode the first three steps in the biosynthesis of hyperforin precursors. The findings of syntenic and phylogenetic analyses reveal the parallel assembly of the two BGCs. The syntenous BGC in Mesua ferrea indicates that the first cluster was assembled before the divergence of the Hypericaceae and Calophyllaceae families. The assembly of the second cluster is the result of a coalescence of genomic fragments after a major duplication event. The differences between the two BGCs - in terms of gene expression, response to methyl jasmonate, substrate specificity and subcellular localization of key enzymes - suggest that the presence of the two clusters could serve to generate separate pools of precursors. The parallel assembly of two BGCs with similar compositions in a single plant species is uncommon, and our work provides insights into how and when these gene clusters form. Our discovery helps to advance our understanding of the evolution of plant specialized metabolism and its genomic organization. Additionally, our results offer a foundation from which hyperforin biosynthesis can be more fully understood, and which can be used in future metabolic engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ana Luisa Malaco Morotti
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
| | - Ya Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla County, 666303, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Evangelos C Tatsis
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 300 Feng Lin Road, 200032, China
- CEPAMS - Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Shanghai, 200032, China
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147
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, Chen F, Guan Z, Wei G, Chen X, Zhang C, Köllner TG, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F. Dynamic regulation of volatile terpenoid production and emission from Chrysanthemum morifolium capitula. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 182:11-21. [PMID: 35453029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flower-associated communities consist of both mutualistic and antagonistic organisms. We have limited knowledge on how flowers regulate volatiles to balance their defense against antagonists and the attraction of beneficial organisms necessary for reproductive success. Asteraceae is the largest family among flowering plants. Its representatives are characterized by unique inflorescence called capitulum, which has been reduced to a reproduction unit resembling a single flower. Here, we chose Chrysanthemum morifolium, a model species of Asteraceae, to investigate how the capitulum balances the accumulation and emission of floral terpenoid volatiles that are implicated in defense and pollinator attraction, respectively. Our results showed that the capitula of C. morifolium produce and emit complex mixtures of monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids. The highest concentrations of terpenoids were detected in the bud stage of the capitula. In contrast, the capitulum reached the highest emission level prior to full blooming. The disc florets were the dominant organs of terpenoid accumulation and emission in the full-openness stage. To understand the molecular basis of volatile terpenoid biosynthesis in C. morifolium, experiments were designed to study terpene synthase (TPS) genes, which are pivotal for terpene biosynthesis. Eight CmCJTPS genes were identified in the transcriptomes of C. morifolium, and the proteins encoded by five genes were found to be biochemically functional. CmCJTPS5 and CmCJTPS8 were the multi-product enzymes catalyzing the monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid formation, which closely matched the major terpenoids produced in the flower heads. The five functional terpene synthase genes exhibited similar temporal expression patterns but diverse spatial expression levels, suggesting tissue-specific functions. Altogether, our results illustrate the dynamic patterns of accumulation and emission of floral volatile terpenoids implicated in defense and attracting pollinators in C. morifolium, for which both the regulation of TPS gene expression and the regulation of release may play critical roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sumei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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148
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Dong Y, Zhang W, Li J, Wang D, Bai H, Li H, Shi L. The transcription factor LaMYC4 from lavender regulates volatile Terpenoid biosynthesis. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:289. [PMID: 35698036 PMCID: PMC9190104 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs), as one of the largest families of TFs, are essential regulators of plant terpenoid biosynthesis and response to stresses. Lavender has more than 75 volatile terpenoids, yet few TFs have been identified to be involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis. RESULTS Based on RNA-Seq, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transgenic technology, this study characterized the stress-responsive transcription factor LaMYC4 regulates terpenoid biosynthesis. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment increased volatile terpenoid emission, and the differentially expressed gene LaMYC4 was isolated. LaMYC4 expression level was higher in leaf than in other tissues. The expression of LaMYC4 decreased during flower development. The promoter of LaMYC4 contained hormone and stress-responsive regulatory elements and was responsive to various treatments, including UV, MeJA treatment, drought, low temperature, Pseudomonas syringae infection, and NaCl treatment. LaMYC4 overexpression increased the levels of sesquiterpenoids, including caryophyllenes, in Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. Furthermore, the expression of crucial node genes involved in terpenoid biosynthesis and glandular trichome number and size increased in transgenic tobacco. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the stress-responsive MYC TF LaMYC4 from 'Jingxun 2' lavender regulates volatile terpenoid synthesis. This study is the first to describe the cloning of LaMYC4, and the results help understand the role of LaMYC4 in terpenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100015 China
| | - Jingrui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Hongtong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093 China
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Ali M, Nishawy E, Ramadan WA, Ewas M, Rizk MS, Sief-Eldein AGM, El-Zayat MAS, Hassan AHM, Guo M, Hu GW, Wang S, Ahmed FA, Amar MH, Wang QF. Molecular characterization of a Novel NAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase SoFLDH gene involved in sesquiterpenoid synthases from Salvia officinalis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269045. [PMID: 35657794 PMCID: PMC9165828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia officinalis is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants in terms of nutritional and medicinal value because it contains a variety of vital active ingredients. Terpenoid compounds, particularly monoterpenes (C10) and sesquiterpenes, are the most important and abundant among these active substances (C15). Terpenes play a variety of roles and have beneficial biological properties in plants. With these considerations, the current study sought to clone theNAD+-dependent farnesol dehydrogenase (SoFLDH, EC: 1.1.1.354) gene from S. officinalis. Functional analysis revealed that, SoFLDH has an open reading frame of 2,580 base pairs that encodes 860 amino acids.SoFLDH has two conserved domains and four types of highly conserved motifs: YxxxK, RXR, RR (X8) W, TGxxGhaG. However, SoFLDH was cloned from Salvia officinalis leaves and functionally overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its role in sesquiterpenoid synthases. In comparison to the transgenic plants, the wild-type plants showed a slight delay in growth and flowering formation. To this end, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that SoFLDH transgenic plants were responsible for numerous forms of terpene synthesis, particularly sesquiterpene. These results provide a base for further investigation on SoFLDH gene role and elucidating the regulatory mechanisms for sesquiterpene synthesis in S. offcinalis. And our study paves the way for the future metabolic engineering of the biosynthesis of useful terpene compounds in S. offcinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Nishawy
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A. Ramadan
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Biotechnology Research institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ewas
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mokhtar Said Rizk
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Fatma A. Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy Amar
- Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
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150
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Zhan X, Qian Y, Mao B. Metabolic Profiling of Terpene Diversity and the Response of Prenylsynthase-Terpene Synthase Genes during Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126398. [PMID: 35742843 PMCID: PMC9223610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium catenatum is a widely cultivated Chinese orchid herb rich in abundant secondary metabolites, such as terpenes. However, terpene distribution and characterization of terpene biosynthesis-related genes remain unknown in D. catenatum. In this study, metabolic profiling was performed to analyze terpene distribution in the root, stem, leaf, and flower of D. catenatum. A total of 74 terpene compounds were identified and classified. Clustering analysis revealed that terpene compounds exhibited a tissue-specific accumulation, including monoterpenes in the flowers, sesquiterpenes in the stems, and triterpenes in the roots. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the ‘terpenoid backbone biosynthesis’ pathway was only significantly enriched in root vs. flower. The expression of terpene biosynthesis-related genes was spatiotemporal in the flowers. Prenylsynthase-terpene synthases (PS-TPSs) are the largest and core enzymes for generating terpene diversity. By systematic sequence analysis of six species, 318 PS-TPSs were classified into 10 groups and 51 DcaPS-TPSs were found in eight of them. Eighteen DcaPS-TPSs were regulated by circadian rhythm under drought stress. Most of the DcaPS-TPSs were influenced by cold stress and fungi infection. The cis-element of the majority of the DcaPS-TPS promoters was related to abiotic stress and plant development. Methyl jasmonate levels were significantly associated with DcaTPSs expression and terpene biosynthesis. These results provide insight into further functional investigation of DcaPS-TPSs and the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in Dendrobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqiao Zhan
- Institute of Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (B.M.)
| | - Yichun Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Bizeng Mao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China;
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (B.M.)
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